| europe (253009) | europe (257681) |
|---|---|
| 1# <pre> 2# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 3# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 4 5# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 6# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 7# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). 8 --- 28 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 37# Savile Row, London." Nowadays please email them to tz@iana.org. 38# 39# Brazil's Departamento Servico da Hora (DSH), 40# <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HISTHV.htm"> 41# History of Summer Time 42# </a> (1998-09-21, in Portuguese) 43 44# | 1# <pre> 2# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 3# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 4 5# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 6# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 7# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). 8 --- 28 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 37# Savile Row, London." Nowadays please email them to tz@iana.org. 38# 39# Brazil's Departamento Servico da Hora (DSH), 40# <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HISTHV.htm"> 41# History of Summer Time 42# </a> (1998-09-21, in Portuguese) 43 44# |
| 45# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; | 45# I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table; |
| 46# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 47# Corrections are welcome! 48# std dst 2dst 49# LMT Local Mean Time 50# -4:00 AST ADT Atlantic 51# -3:00 WGT WGST Western Greenland* 52# -1:00 EGT EGST Eastern Greenland* 53# 0:00 GMT BST BDST Greenwich, British Summer --- 37 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 91 92# From Peter Ilieve (1994-07-06): 93# 94# On 17 Jan 1994 the Independent, a UK quality newspaper, had a piece about 95# historical vistas along the Thames in west London. There was a photo 96# and a sketch map showing some of the sightlines involved. One paragraph 97# of the text said: 98# | 46# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 47# Corrections are welcome! 48# std dst 2dst 49# LMT Local Mean Time 50# -4:00 AST ADT Atlantic 51# -3:00 WGT WGST Western Greenland* 52# -1:00 EGT EGST Eastern Greenland* 53# 0:00 GMT BST BDST Greenwich, British Summer --- 37 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 91 92# From Peter Ilieve (1994-07-06): 93# 94# On 17 Jan 1994 the Independent, a UK quality newspaper, had a piece about 95# historical vistas along the Thames in west London. There was a photo 96# and a sketch map showing some of the sightlines involved. One paragraph 97# of the text said: 98# |
| 99# `An old stone obelisk marking a forgotten terrestrial meridian stands | 99# 'An old stone obelisk marking a forgotten terrestrial meridian stands |
| 100# beside the river at Kew. In the 18th century, before time and longitude 101# was standardised by the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, scholars observed 102# this stone and the movement of stars from Kew Observatory nearby. They 103# made their calculations and set the time for the Horse Guards and Parliament, 104# but now the stone is obscured by scrubwood and can only be seen by walking 105# along the towpath within a few yards of it.' 106# 107# I have a one inch to one mile map of London and my estimate of the stone's --- 27 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 135# 136# In the tables below, we condense this complicated story into a single 137# transition date for London, namely 1847-12-01. We don't know as much 138# about Dublin, so we use 1880-08-02, the legal transition time. 139 140# From Paul Eggert (2003-09-27): 141# Summer Time was first seriously proposed by William Willett (1857-1915), 142# a London builder and member of the Royal Astronomical Society | 100# beside the river at Kew. In the 18th century, before time and longitude 101# was standardised by the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, scholars observed 102# this stone and the movement of stars from Kew Observatory nearby. They 103# made their calculations and set the time for the Horse Guards and Parliament, 104# but now the stone is obscured by scrubwood and can only be seen by walking 105# along the towpath within a few yards of it.' 106# 107# I have a one inch to one mile map of London and my estimate of the stone's --- 27 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 135# 136# In the tables below, we condense this complicated story into a single 137# transition date for London, namely 1847-12-01. We don't know as much 138# about Dublin, so we use 1880-08-02, the legal transition time. 139 140# From Paul Eggert (2003-09-27): 141# Summer Time was first seriously proposed by William Willett (1857-1915), 142# a London builder and member of the Royal Astronomical Society |
| 143# who circulated a pamphlet ``The Waste of Daylight'' (1907) | 143# who circulated a pamphlet "The Waste of Daylight" (1907) |
| 144# that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April, 145# and retarding them by the same amount on four Sundays in September. 146# A bill was drafted in 1909 and introduced in Parliament several times, 147# but it met with ridicule and opposition, especially from farming interests. 148# Later editions of the pamphlet proposed one-hour summer time, and 149# it was eventually adopted as a wartime measure in 1916. 150# See: Summer Time Arrives Early, The Times (2000-05-18). 151# A monument to Willett was unveiled on 1927-05-21, in an open space in --- 8 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 160# between 160 and 170 hours more daylight leisure, to a war which 161# plunged Europe into darkness for four years, and shook the 162# foundations of civilization throughout the world. 163# -- <a href="http://www.winstonchurchill.org/fh114willett.htm"> 164# "A Silent Toast to William Willett", Pictorial Weekly 165# </a> 166 167# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): | 144# that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April, 145# and retarding them by the same amount on four Sundays in September. 146# A bill was drafted in 1909 and introduced in Parliament several times, 147# but it met with ridicule and opposition, especially from farming interests. 148# Later editions of the pamphlet proposed one-hour summer time, and 149# it was eventually adopted as a wartime measure in 1916. 150# See: Summer Time Arrives Early, The Times (2000-05-18). 151# A monument to Willett was unveiled on 1927-05-21, in an open space in --- 8 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 160# between 160 and 170 hours more daylight leisure, to a war which 161# plunged Europe into darkness for four years, and shook the 162# foundations of civilization throughout the world. 163# -- <a href="http://www.winstonchurchill.org/fh114willett.htm"> 164# "A Silent Toast to William Willett", Pictorial Weekly 165# </a> 166 167# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): |
| 168# The OED Supplement says that the English originally said ``Daylight Saving'' | 168# The OED Supplement says that the English originally said "Daylight Saving" |
| 169# when they were debating the adoption of DST in 1908; but by 1916 this 170# term appears only in quotes taken from DST's opponents, whereas the | 169# when they were debating the adoption of DST in 1908; but by 1916 this 170# term appears only in quotes taken from DST's opponents, whereas the |
| 171# proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using ``Summer''. | 171# proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using "Summer". |
| 172 173# From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-19): 174# 175# A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's 176# known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom. 177 178# Date: 4 Jan 89 08:57:25 GMT (Wed) 179# From: Jonathan Leffler --- 23 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 203 204# From Sir Alexander Maxwell in the above-mentioned letter (1941-04-21): 205# [N]o official designation has as far as I know been adopted for the time 206# which is to be introduced in May.... 207# I cannot think of anything better than "Double British Summer Time" 208# which could not be said to run counter to any official description. 209 210# From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02): | 172 173# From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-19): 174# 175# A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's 176# known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom. 177 178# Date: 4 Jan 89 08:57:25 GMT (Wed) 179# From: Jonathan Leffler --- 23 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 203 204# From Sir Alexander Maxwell in the above-mentioned letter (1941-04-21): 205# [N]o official designation has as far as I know been adopted for the time 206# which is to be introduced in May.... 207# I cannot think of anything better than "Double British Summer Time" 208# which could not be said to run counter to any official description. 209 210# From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02): |
| 211# Howse writes (p 157) `DBST' too, but `BDST' seems to have been common | 211# Howse writes (p 157) 'DBST' too, but 'BDST' seems to have been common |
| 212# and follows the more usual convention of putting the location name first, | 212# and follows the more usual convention of putting the location name first, |
| 213# so we use `BDST'. | 213# so we use 'BDST'. |
| 214 215# Peter Ilieve (1998-04-19) described at length 216# the history of summer time legislation in the United Kingdom. 217# Since 1998 Joseph S. Myers has been updating 218# and extending this list, which can be found in 219# http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/ 220# <a href="http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/"> 221# History of legal time in Britain --- 204 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 426Rule GB-Eire 1981 1995 - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 BST 427Rule GB-Eire 1981 1989 - Oct Sun>=23 1:00u 0 GMT 428# Summer Time Order, 1989 (S.I. 1989/985) 429# Summer Time Order, 1992 (S.I. 1992/1729) 430# Summer Time Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2798) 431Rule GB-Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u 0 GMT 432# Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982) 433# See EU for rules starting in 1996. | 214 215# Peter Ilieve (1998-04-19) described at length 216# the history of summer time legislation in the United Kingdom. 217# Since 1998 Joseph S. Myers has been updating 218# and extending this list, which can be found in 219# http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/ 220# <a href="http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/"> 221# History of legal time in Britain --- 204 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 426Rule GB-Eire 1981 1995 - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 BST 427Rule GB-Eire 1981 1989 - Oct Sun>=23 1:00u 0 GMT 428# Summer Time Order, 1989 (S.I. 1989/985) 429# Summer Time Order, 1992 (S.I. 1992/1729) 430# Summer Time Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2798) 431Rule GB-Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u 0 GMT 432# Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982) 433# See EU for rules starting in 1996. |
| 434# 435# Use Europe/London for Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man. |
|
| 434 435# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 436Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Dec 1 0:00s 437 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27 438 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 439 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996 440 0:00 EU GMT/BST 441Link Europe/London Europe/Jersey --- 350 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 792 1:00 - CET 1916 May 1 0:00 793 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Nov 11 11:00u 794 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 20 2:00s 795 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 3 796 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977 797 1:00 EU CE%sT 798 799# Bosnia and Herzegovina | 436 437# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 438Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Dec 1 0:00s 439 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27 440 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 441 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996 442 0:00 EU GMT/BST 443Link Europe/London Europe/Jersey --- 350 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 794 1:00 - CET 1916 May 1 0:00 795 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Nov 11 11:00u 796 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 20 2:00s 797 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 3 798 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977 799 1:00 EU CE%sT 800 801# Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| 800# see Serbia | 802# See Europe/Belgrade. |
| 801 802# Bulgaria 803# 804# From Plamen Simenov via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 805# A document of Government of Bulgaria (No.94/1997) says: 806# EET --> EETDST is in 03:00 Local time in last Sunday of March ... 807# EETDST --> EET is in 04:00 Local time in last Sunday of October 808# --- 11 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 820 1:00 - CET 1945 Apr 2 3:00 821 2:00 - EET 1979 Mar 31 23:00 822 2:00 Bulg EE%sT 1982 Sep 26 2:00 823 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 824 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 825 2:00 EU EE%sT 826 827# Croatia | 803 804# Bulgaria 805# 806# From Plamen Simenov via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 807# A document of Government of Bulgaria (No.94/1997) says: 808# EET --> EETDST is in 03:00 Local time in last Sunday of March ... 809# EETDST --> EET is in 04:00 Local time in last Sunday of October 810# --- 11 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 822 1:00 - CET 1945 Apr 2 3:00 823 2:00 - EET 1979 Mar 31 23:00 824 2:00 Bulg EE%sT 1982 Sep 26 2:00 825 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 826 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 827 2:00 EU EE%sT 828 829# Croatia |
| 828# see Serbia | 830# See Europe/Belgrade. |
| 829 830# Cyprus | 831 832# Cyprus |
| 831# Please see the `asia' file for Asia/Nicosia. | 833# Please see the 'asia' file for Asia/Nicosia. |
| 832 833# Czech Republic 834# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 835Rule Czech 1945 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S 836Rule Czech 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - 837Rule Czech 1946 only - May 6 2:00s 1:00 S 838Rule Czech 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 839Rule Czech 1947 only - Apr 20 2:00s 1:00 S 840Rule Czech 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 841Rule Czech 1949 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 S 842# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 843Zone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850 844 0:57:44 - PMT 1891 Oct # Prague Mean Time 845 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 17 2:00s 846 1:00 Czech CE%sT 1979 847 1:00 EU CE%sT | 834 835# Czech Republic 836# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 837Rule Czech 1945 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S 838Rule Czech 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - 839Rule Czech 1946 only - May 6 2:00s 1:00 S 840Rule Czech 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 841Rule Czech 1947 only - Apr 20 2:00s 1:00 S 842Rule Czech 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 843Rule Czech 1949 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 S 844# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 845Zone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850 846 0:57:44 - PMT 1891 Oct # Prague Mean Time 847 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 17 2:00s 848 1:00 Czech CE%sT 1979 849 1:00 EU CE%sT |
| 850# Use Europe/Prague also for Slovakia. |
|
| 848 849# Denmark, Faroe Islands, and Greenland 850 851# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2005-04-26): 852# http://www.hum.aau.dk/~poe/tid/tine/DanskTid.htm says that the law 853# [introducing standard time] was in effect from 1894-01-01.... 854# The page http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A18930008330-REGL 855# confirms this, and states that the law was put forth 1893-03-29. --- 147 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1003# From Peter Ilieve (1994-10-15): 1004# A relative in Tallinn confirms the accuracy of the data for 1989 onwards 1005# [through 1994] and gives the legal authority for it, 1006# a regulation of the Government of Estonia, No. 111 of 1989.... 1007# 1008# From Peter Ilieve (1996-10-28): 1009# [IATA SSIM (1992/1996) claims that the Baltic republics switch at 01:00s, 1010# but a relative confirms that Estonia still switches at 02:00s, writing:] | 851 852# Denmark, Faroe Islands, and Greenland 853 854# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2005-04-26): 855# http://www.hum.aau.dk/~poe/tid/tine/DanskTid.htm says that the law 856# [introducing standard time] was in effect from 1894-01-01.... 857# The page http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A18930008330-REGL 858# confirms this, and states that the law was put forth 1893-03-29. --- 147 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1006# From Peter Ilieve (1994-10-15): 1007# A relative in Tallinn confirms the accuracy of the data for 1989 onwards 1008# [through 1994] and gives the legal authority for it, 1009# a regulation of the Government of Estonia, No. 111 of 1989.... 1010# 1011# From Peter Ilieve (1996-10-28): 1012# [IATA SSIM (1992/1996) claims that the Baltic republics switch at 01:00s, 1013# but a relative confirms that Estonia still switches at 02:00s, writing:] |
| 1011# ``I do not [know] exactly but there are some little different | 1014# "I do not [know] exactly but there are some little different |
| 1012# (confusing) rules for International Air and Railway Transport Schedules 1013# conversion in Sunday connected with end of summer time in Estonia.... 1014# A discussion is running about the summer time efficiency and effect on 1015# human physiology. It seems that Estonia maybe will not change to | 1015# (confusing) rules for International Air and Railway Transport Schedules 1016# conversion in Sunday connected with end of summer time in Estonia.... 1017# A discussion is running about the summer time efficiency and effect on 1018# human physiology. It seems that Estonia maybe will not change to |
| 1016# summer time next spring.'' | 1019# summer time next spring." |
| 1017 1018# From Peter Ilieve (1998-11-04), heavily edited: 1019# <a href="http://trip.rk.ee/cgi-bin/thw?${BASE}=akt&${OOHTML}=rtd&TA=1998&TO=1&AN=1390"> 1020# The 1998-09-22 Estonian time law 1021# </a> 1022# refers to the Eighth Directive and cites the association agreement between 1023# the EU and Estonia, ratified by the Estonian law (RT II 1995, 22--27, 120). 1024# --- 38 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1063 2:00 EU EE%sT 1064 1065# Finland 1066 1067# From Hannu Strang (1994-09-25 06:03:37 UTC): 1068# Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one, 1069# and it's supposed to change at 4am... 1070 | 1020 1021# From Peter Ilieve (1998-11-04), heavily edited: 1022# <a href="http://trip.rk.ee/cgi-bin/thw?${BASE}=akt&${OOHTML}=rtd&TA=1998&TO=1&AN=1390"> 1023# The 1998-09-22 Estonian time law 1024# </a> 1025# refers to the Eighth Directive and cites the association agreement between 1026# the EU and Estonia, ratified by the Estonian law (RT II 1995, 22--27, 120). 1027# --- 38 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1066 2:00 EU EE%sT 1067 1068# Finland 1069 1070# From Hannu Strang (1994-09-25 06:03:37 UTC): 1071# Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one, 1072# and it's supposed to change at 4am... 1073 |
| 1071# From Janne Snabb (2010-0715): | 1074# From Janne Snabb (2010-07-15): |
| 1072# 1073# I noticed that the Finland data is not accurate for years 1981 and 1982. 1074# During these two first trial years the DST adjustment was made one hour 1075# earlier than in forthcoming years. Starting 1983 the adjustment was made 1076# according to the central European standards. 1077# 1078# This is documented in Heikki Oja: Aikakirja 2007, published by The Almanac 1079# Office of University of Helsinki, ISBN 952-10-3221-9, available online (in --- 40 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1120# Gabriel, Traite de l'heure dans le monde, Guy Tredaniel editeur, 1121# Paris, 1991 1122# 1123# Francoise Gauquelin, Problemes de l'heure resolus en astrologie, 1124# Guy tredaniel, Paris 1987 1125 1126 1127# | 1075# 1076# I noticed that the Finland data is not accurate for years 1981 and 1982. 1077# During these two first trial years the DST adjustment was made one hour 1078# earlier than in forthcoming years. Starting 1983 the adjustment was made 1079# according to the central European standards. 1080# 1081# This is documented in Heikki Oja: Aikakirja 2007, published by The Almanac 1082# Office of University of Helsinki, ISBN 952-10-3221-9, available online (in --- 40 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1123# Gabriel, Traite de l'heure dans le monde, Guy Tredaniel editeur, 1124# Paris, 1991 1125# 1126# Francoise Gauquelin, Problemes de l'heure resolus en astrologie, 1127# Guy tredaniel, Paris 1987 1128 1129 1130# |
| 1128# Shank & Pottenger seem to use `24:00' ambiguously; resolve it with Whitman. | 1131# Shank & Pottenger seem to use '24:00' ambiguously; resolve it with Whitman. |
| 1129# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1130Rule France 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S 1131Rule France 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - 1132Rule France 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S 1133Rule France 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S 1134Rule France 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 1135Rule France 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 1136Rule France 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - --- 273 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1410# so record only the time in Rome. 1411# 1412# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1413# For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks & Pottenger, Whitman, and 1414# F. Pollastri 1415# <a href="http://toi.iriti.cnr.it/uk/ienitlt.html"> 1416# Day-light Saving Time in Italy (2006-02-03) 1417# </a> | 1132# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1133Rule France 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S 1134Rule France 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - 1135Rule France 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S 1136Rule France 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S 1137Rule France 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 1138Rule France 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 1139Rule France 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - --- 273 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1413# so record only the time in Rome. 1414# 1415# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1416# For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks & Pottenger, Whitman, and 1417# F. Pollastri 1418# <a href="http://toi.iriti.cnr.it/uk/ienitlt.html"> 1419# Day-light Saving Time in Italy (2006-02-03) 1420# </a> |
| 1418# (`FP' below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute | 1421# ('FP' below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute |
| 1419# publication. When the three sources disagree, guess who's right, as follows: 1420# 1421# year FP Shanks&P. (S) Whitman (W) Go with: 1422# 1916 06-03 06-03 24:00 06-03 00:00 FP & W 1423# 09-30 09-30 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s 1424# 1917 04-01 03-31 24:00 03-31 00:00 FP & S 1425# 09-30 09-29 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP & W 1426# 1918 03-09 03-09 24:00 03-09 00:00 FP & S --- 129 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1556 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar lastSun 2:00s 1557 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep lastSun 2:00s 1558 2:00 Latvia EE%sT 1997 Jan 21 1559 2:00 EU EE%sT 2000 Feb 29 1560 2:00 - EET 2001 Jan 2 1561 2:00 EU EE%sT 1562 1563# Liechtenstein | 1422# publication. When the three sources disagree, guess who's right, as follows: 1423# 1424# year FP Shanks&P. (S) Whitman (W) Go with: 1425# 1916 06-03 06-03 24:00 06-03 00:00 FP & W 1426# 09-30 09-30 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s 1427# 1917 04-01 03-31 24:00 03-31 00:00 FP & S 1428# 09-30 09-29 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP & W 1429# 1918 03-09 03-09 24:00 03-09 00:00 FP & S --- 129 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1559 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar lastSun 2:00s 1560 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep lastSun 2:00s 1561 2:00 Latvia EE%sT 1997 Jan 21 1562 2:00 EU EE%sT 2000 Feb 29 1563 2:00 - EET 2001 Jan 2 1564 2:00 EU EE%sT 1565 1566# Liechtenstein |
| 1564# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1565Zone Europe/Vaduz 0:38:04 - LMT 1894 Jun 1566 1:00 - CET 1981 1567 1:00 EU CE%sT | |
| 1568 | 1567 |
| 1568# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-09): 1569# Shanks & Pottenger say Vaduz is like Zurich. 1570 1571# From Alois Treindl (2013-09-18): 1572# http://www.eliechtensteinensia.li/LIJ/1978/1938-1978/1941.pdf 1573# ... confirms on p. 6 that Liechtenstein followed Switzerland in 1941 and 1942. 1574# I ... translate only the last two paragraphs: 1575# ... during second world war, in the years 1941 and 1942, Liechtenstein 1576# introduced daylight saving time, adapting to Switzerland. From 1943 on 1577# central European time was in force throughout the year. 1578# From a report of the duke's government to the high council, 1579# regarding the introduction of a time law, of 31 May 1977. 1580 1581Link Europe/Zurich Europe/Vaduz 1582 1583 |
|
| 1569# Lithuania 1570 1571# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 1572# IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is 1573# known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it's wrong here too. 1574 1575# From Marius Gedminas (1998-08-07): 1576# I would like to inform that in this year Lithuanian time zone --- 70 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1647 1:00 Lux CE%sT 1918 Nov 25 1648 0:00 Lux WE%sT 1929 Oct 6 2:00s 1649 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 14 3:00 1650 1:00 C-Eur WE%sT 1944 Sep 18 3:00 1651 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977 1652 1:00 EU CE%sT 1653 1654# Macedonia | 1584# Lithuania 1585 1586# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 1587# IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is 1588# known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it's wrong here too. 1589 1590# From Marius Gedminas (1998-08-07): 1591# I would like to inform that in this year Lithuanian time zone --- 70 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1662 1:00 Lux CE%sT 1918 Nov 25 1663 0:00 Lux WE%sT 1929 Oct 6 2:00s 1664 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 14 3:00 1665 1:00 C-Eur WE%sT 1944 Sep 18 3:00 1666 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977 1667 1:00 EU CE%sT 1668 1669# Macedonia |
| 1655# see Serbia | 1670# See Europe/Belgrade. |
| 1656 1657# Malta 1658# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1659Rule Malta 1973 only - Mar 31 0:00s 1:00 S 1660Rule Malta 1973 only - Sep 29 0:00s 0 - 1661Rule Malta 1974 only - Apr 21 0:00s 1:00 S 1662Rule Malta 1974 only - Sep 16 0:00s 0 - 1663Rule Malta 1975 1979 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S --- 76 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1740# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1741Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 1742 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 1743 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 1744 1:00 France CE%sT 1977 1745 1:00 EU CE%sT 1746 1747# Montenegro | 1671 1672# Malta 1673# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1674Rule Malta 1973 only - Mar 31 0:00s 1:00 S 1675Rule Malta 1973 only - Sep 29 0:00s 0 - 1676Rule Malta 1974 only - Apr 21 0:00s 1:00 S 1677Rule Malta 1974 only - Sep 16 0:00s 0 - 1678Rule Malta 1975 1979 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S --- 76 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1755# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1756Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 1757 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 1758 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 1759 1:00 France CE%sT 1977 1760 1:00 EU CE%sT 1761 1762# Montenegro |
| 1748# see Serbia | 1763# See Europe/Belgrade. |
| 1749 1750# Netherlands 1751 1752# Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940, 1753# but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time. 1754 1755# However, Robert H. van Gent writes (2001-04-01): 1756# Howse's statement is only correct up to 1909. From 1909-05-01 (00:00:00 --- 98 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1855# http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-18940629-001.html ) I have not been 1856# able to find if Jan Mayen used a different time zone (e.g. -0100) 1857# before 1930. Jan Mayen has only been "inhabitated" since 1921 by 1858# Norwegian meteorologists and maybe used the same time as Norway ever 1859# since 1921. Svalbard (Arctic/Longyearbyen) has been inhabited since 1860# before 1895, and therefore probably changed the local time somewhere 1861# between 1895 and 1925 (inclusive). 1862 | 1764 1765# Netherlands 1766 1767# Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940, 1768# but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time. 1769 1770# However, Robert H. van Gent writes (2001-04-01): 1771# Howse's statement is only correct up to 1909. From 1909-05-01 (00:00:00 --- 98 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1870# http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-18940629-001.html ) I have not been 1871# able to find if Jan Mayen used a different time zone (e.g. -0100) 1872# before 1930. Jan Mayen has only been "inhabitated" since 1921 by 1873# Norwegian meteorologists and maybe used the same time as Norway ever 1874# since 1921. Svalbard (Arctic/Longyearbyen) has been inhabited since 1875# before 1895, and therefore probably changed the local time somewhere 1876# between 1895 and 1925 (inclusive). 1877 |
| 1863# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-01): | 1878# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-04): |
| 1864# 1865# Actually, Jan Mayen was never occupied by Germany during World War II, 1866# so it must have diverged from Oslo time during the war, as Oslo was 1867# keeping Berlin time. 1868# 1869# <http://home.no.net/janmayen/history.htm> says that the meteorologists 1870# burned down their station in 1940 and left the island, but returned in 1871# 1941 with a small Norwegian garrison and continued operations despite 1872# frequent air ttacks from Germans. In 1943 the Americans established a 1873# radiolocating station on the island, called "Atlantic City". Possibly | 1879# 1880# Actually, Jan Mayen was never occupied by Germany during World War II, 1881# so it must have diverged from Oslo time during the war, as Oslo was 1882# keeping Berlin time. 1883# 1884# <http://home.no.net/janmayen/history.htm> says that the meteorologists 1885# burned down their station in 1940 and left the island, but returned in 1886# 1941 with a small Norwegian garrison and continued operations despite 1887# frequent air ttacks from Germans. In 1943 the Americans established a 1888# radiolocating station on the island, called "Atlantic City". Possibly |
| 1874# the UTC offset changed during the war, but I think it unlikely that | 1889# the UT offset changed during the war, but I think it unlikely that |
| 1875# Jan Mayen used German daylight-saving rules. 1876# 1877# Svalbard is more complicated, as it was raided in August 1941 by an 1878# Allied party that evacuated the civilian population to England (says 1879# <http://www.bartleby.com/65/sv/Svalbard.html>). The Svalbard FAQ 1880# <http://www.svalbard.com/SvalbardFAQ.html> says that the Germans were 1881# expelled on 1942-05-14. However, small parties of Germans did return, 1882# and according to Wilhelm Dege's book "War North of 80" (1954) 1883# <http://www.ucalgary.ca/UofC/departments/UP/1-55238/1-55238-110-2.html> 1884# the German armed forces at the Svalbard weather station code-named 1885# Haudegen did not surrender to the Allies until September 1945. 1886# | 1890# Jan Mayen used German daylight-saving rules. 1891# 1892# Svalbard is more complicated, as it was raided in August 1941 by an 1893# Allied party that evacuated the civilian population to England (says 1894# <http://www.bartleby.com/65/sv/Svalbard.html>). The Svalbard FAQ 1895# <http://www.svalbard.com/SvalbardFAQ.html> says that the Germans were 1896# expelled on 1942-05-14. However, small parties of Germans did return, 1897# and according to Wilhelm Dege's book "War North of 80" (1954) 1898# <http://www.ucalgary.ca/UofC/departments/UP/1-55238/1-55238-110-2.html> 1899# the German armed forces at the Svalbard weather station code-named 1900# Haudegen did not surrender to the Allies until September 1945. 1901# |
| 1887# All these events predate our cutoff date of 1970. Unless we can 1888# come up with more definitive info about the timekeeping during the 1889# war years it's probably best just do...the following for now: | 1902# All these events predate our cutoff date of 1970, so use Europe/Oslo 1903# for these regions. |
| 1890Link Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen 1891 1892# Poland 1893# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1894Rule Poland 1918 1919 - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 1895Rule Poland 1919 only - Apr 15 2:00s 1:00 S 1896Rule Poland 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S 1897# Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks & Pottenger. --- 241 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 2139# 2140# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski (1994-06-29): 2141# But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow! 2142# I do not know why they have decided to make this change; 2143# as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching 2144# so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch. 2145# 2146# From Andrey A. Chernov (1996-10-04): | 1904Link Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen 1905 1906# Poland 1907# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1908Rule Poland 1918 1919 - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 1909Rule Poland 1919 only - Apr 15 2:00s 1:00 S 1910Rule Poland 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S 1911# Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks & Pottenger. --- 241 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 2153# 2154# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski (1994-06-29): 2155# But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow! 2156# I do not know why they have decided to make this change; 2157# as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching 2158# so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch. 2159# 2160# From Andrey A. Chernov (1996-10-04): |
| 2147# `MSK' and `MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with | 2161# 'MSK' and 'MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with |
| 2148# UNIX-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group).... 2149# The next step was the UUCP network, the Relcom predecessor 2150# (used mainly for mail), and MSK/MSD was actively used there. 2151# 2152# From Chris Carrier (1996-10-30): 2153# According to a friend of mine who rode the Trans-Siberian Railroad from 2154# Moscow to Irkutsk in 1995, public air and rail transport in Russia ... 2155# still follows Moscow time, no matter where in Russia it is located. --- 282 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 2438 12:00 - ANAT 1930 Jun 21 # Anadyr Time 2439 13:00 Russia ANA%sT 1982 Apr 1 0:00s 2440 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2441 11:00 Russia ANA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2442 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s 2443 11:00 Russia ANA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2444 12:00 - ANAT 2445 | 2162# UNIX-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group).... 2163# The next step was the UUCP network, the Relcom predecessor 2164# (used mainly for mail), and MSK/MSD was actively used there. 2165# 2166# From Chris Carrier (1996-10-30): 2167# According to a friend of mine who rode the Trans-Siberian Railroad from 2168# Moscow to Irkutsk in 1995, public air and rail transport in Russia ... 2169# still follows Moscow time, no matter where in Russia it is located. --- 282 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 2452 12:00 - ANAT 1930 Jun 21 # Anadyr Time 2453 13:00 Russia ANA%sT 1982 Apr 1 0:00s 2454 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2455 11:00 Russia ANA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2456 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s 2457 11:00 Russia ANA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2458 12:00 - ANAT 2459 |
| 2460# San Marino 2461# See Europe/Rome. 2462 |
|
| 2446# Serbia 2447# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2448Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884 2449 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 2450 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 2451 1:00 - CET 1945 May 8 2:00s 2452 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s 2453# Metod Kozelj reports that the legal date of --- 6 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 2460Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Sarajevo # Bosnia and Herzegovina 2461Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Skopje # Macedonia 2462Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Zagreb # Croatia 2463 2464# Slovakia 2465Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava 2466 2467# Slovenia | 2463# Serbia 2464# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2465Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884 2466 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 2467 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 2468 1:00 - CET 1945 May 8 2:00s 2469 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s 2470# Metod Kozelj reports that the legal date of --- 6 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 2477Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Sarajevo # Bosnia and Herzegovina 2478Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Skopje # Macedonia 2479Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Zagreb # Croatia 2480 2481# Slovakia 2482Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava 2483 2484# Slovenia |
| 2468# see Serbia | 2485# See Europe/Belgrade. |
| 2469 2470# Spain 2471# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2472# For 1917-1919 Whitman gives Apr Sat>=1 - Oct Sat>=1; 2473# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2474Rule Spain 1917 only - May 5 23:00s 1:00 S 2475Rule Spain 1917 1919 - Oct 6 23:00s 0 - 2476Rule Spain 1918 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S --- 117 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 2594 1:00 EU CE%sT 2595 2596# Switzerland 2597# From Howse: 2598# By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace 2599# and their performance improved enormously. Communities began to keep 2600# mean time in preference to apparent time -- Geneva from 1780 .... 2601# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S | 2486 2487# Spain 2488# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2489# For 1917-1919 Whitman gives Apr Sat>=1 - Oct Sat>=1; 2490# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2491Rule Spain 1917 only - May 5 23:00s 1:00 S 2492Rule Spain 1917 1919 - Oct 6 23:00s 0 - 2493Rule Spain 1918 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S --- 117 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 2611 1:00 EU CE%sT 2612 2613# Switzerland 2614# From Howse: 2615# By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace 2616# and their performance improved enormously. Communities began to keep 2617# mean time in preference to apparent time -- Geneva from 1780 .... 2618# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
| 2602# From Whitman (who writes ``Midnight?''): | 2619# From Whitman (who writes "Midnight?"): |
| 2603# Rule Swiss 1940 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S 2604# Rule Swiss 1940 only - Dec 31 0:00 0 - 2605# From Shanks & Pottenger: 2606# Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 2607# Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 2608 2609# From Alois Treindl (2008-12-17): 2610# I have researched the DST usage in Switzerland during the 1940ies. --- 28 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 2639# 2640# The tzdata rules for Switzerland must be changed to: 2641# Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S 2642# Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 - 2643# 2644# The 1940 rules must be deleted. 2645# 2646# One further detail for Switzerland, which is probably out of scope for | 2620# Rule Swiss 1940 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S 2621# Rule Swiss 1940 only - Dec 31 0:00 0 - 2622# From Shanks & Pottenger: 2623# Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 2624# Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 2625 2626# From Alois Treindl (2008-12-17): 2627# I have researched the DST usage in Switzerland during the 1940ies. --- 28 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 2656# 2657# The tzdata rules for Switzerland must be changed to: 2658# Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S 2659# Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 - 2660# 2661# The 1940 rules must be deleted. 2662# 2663# One further detail for Switzerland, which is probably out of scope for |
| 2647# most users of tzdata: 2648# The zone file 2649# Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1848 Sep 12 2650# 0:29:44 - BMT 1894 Jun #Bern Mean Time 2651# 1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981 2652# 1:00 EU CE%sT | 2664# most users of tzdata: The [Europe/Zurich zone] ... |
| 2653# describes all of Switzerland correctly, with the exception of 2654# the Cantone Geneve (Geneva, Genf). Between 1848 and 1894 Geneve did not 2655# follow Bern Mean Time but kept its own local mean time. 2656# To represent this, an extra zone would be needed. | 2665# describes all of Switzerland correctly, with the exception of 2666# the Cantone Geneve (Geneva, Genf). Between 1848 and 1894 Geneve did not 2667# follow Bern Mean Time but kept its own local mean time. 2668# To represent this, an extra zone would be needed. |
| 2669# 2670# From Alois Treindl (2013-09-11): 2671# The Federal regulations say 2672# http://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20071096/index.html 2673# ... the meridian for Bern mean time ... is 7 degrees 26'22.50". 2674# Expressed in time, it is 0h29m45.5s. |
|
| 2657 | 2675 |
| 2676# From Pierre-Yves Berger (2013-09-11): 2677# the "Circulaire du conseil federal" (December 11 1893) 2678# <http://www.amtsdruckschriften.bar.admin.ch/viewOrigDoc.do?id=10071353> ... 2679# clearly states that the [1894-06-01] change should be done at midnight 2680# but if no one is present after 11 at night, could be postponed until one 2681# hour before the beginning of service. 2682 2683# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-11): 2684# Round BMT to the nearest even second, 0:29:46. 2685# 2686# We can find no reliable source for Shanks's assertion that all of Switzerland 2687# except Geneva switched to Bern Mean Time at 00:00 on 1848-09-12. This book: 2688# 2689# Jakob Messerli. Gleichmassig, punktlich, schnell: Zeiteinteilung und 2690# Zeitgebrauch in der Schweiz im 19. Jahrhundert. Chronos, Zurich 1995, 2691# ISBN 3-905311-68-2, OCLC 717570797. 2692# 2693# suggests that the transition was more gradual, and that the Swiss did not 2694# agree about civil time during the transition. The timekeeping it gives the 2695# most detail for is postal and telegraph time: here, federal legislation (the 2696# "Bundesgesetz uber die Erstellung von elektrischen Telegraphen") passed on 2697# 1851-11-23, and an official implementation notice was published 1853-07-16 2698# (Bundesblatt 1853, Bd. II, S. 859). On p 72 Messerli writes that in 2699# practice since July 1853 Bernese time was used in "all postal and telegraph 2700# offices in Switzerland from Geneva to St. Gallen and Basel to Chiasso" 2701# (Google translation). For now, model this transition as occurring on 2702# 1853-07-16, though it probably occurred at some other date in Zurich, and 2703# legal civil time probably changed at still some other transition date. 2704 |
|
| 2658# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2659Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S 2660Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 - 2661# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] | 2705# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2706Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S 2707Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 - 2708# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| 2662Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1848 Sep 12 2663 0:29:44 - BMT 1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time | 2709Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1853 Jul 16 # See above comment. 2710 0:29:46 - BMT 1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time |
| 2664 1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981 2665 1:00 EU CE%sT 2666 2667# Turkey 2668 2669# From Amar Devegowda (2007-01-03): 2670# The time zone rules for Istanbul, Turkey have not been changed for years now. 2671# ... The latest rules are available at - --- 207 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 2879 3:00 - MSK 1941 Nov 2880 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Apr 13 2881 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 2882 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 2883 2:00 - EET 1992 2884# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 2885# The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that central Crimea switched 2886# from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections. | 2711 1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981 2712 1:00 EU CE%sT 2713 2714# Turkey 2715 2716# From Amar Devegowda (2007-01-03): 2717# The time zone rules for Istanbul, Turkey have not been changed for years now. 2718# ... The latest rules are available at - --- 207 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 2926 3:00 - MSK 1941 Nov 2927 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Apr 13 2928 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 2929 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 2930 2:00 - EET 1992 2931# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 2932# The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that central Crimea switched 2933# from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections. |
| 2887# Shanks (1999) says ``date of change uncertain'', but implies that it happened | 2934# Shanks (1999) says "date of change uncertain", but implies that it happened |
| 2888# sometime between the 1994 DST switches. Shanks & Pottenger simply say 2889# 1994-09-25 03:00, but that can't be right. For now, guess it 2890# changed in May. 2891 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1994 May 2892# From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev. 2893 3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 Mar 31 3:00s 2894 3:00 1:00 MSD 1996 Oct 27 3:00s 2895# IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST. 2896# Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks. 2897 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1997 2898 3:00 - MSK 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u 2899 2:00 EU EE%sT 2900 | 2935# sometime between the 1994 DST switches. Shanks & Pottenger simply say 2936# 1994-09-25 03:00, but that can't be right. For now, guess it 2937# changed in May. 2938 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1994 May 2939# From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev. 2940 3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 Mar 31 3:00s 2941 3:00 1:00 MSD 1996 Oct 27 3:00s 2942# IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST. 2943# Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks. 2944 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1997 2945 3:00 - MSK 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u 2946 2:00 EU EE%sT 2947 |
| 2948# Vatican City 2949# See Europe/Rome. 2950 |
|
| 2901############################################################################### 2902 2903# One source shows that Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, and Greece observe DST from 2904# the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in September in 1986. 2905# The source shows Romania changing a day later than everybody else. 2906# 2907# According to Bernard Sieloff's source, Poland is in the MET time zone but 2908# uses the WE DST rules. The Western USSR uses EET+1 and ME DST rules. --- 65 unchanged lines hidden --- | 2951############################################################################### 2952 2953# One source shows that Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, and Greece observe DST from 2954# the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in September in 1986. 2955# The source shows Romania changing a day later than everybody else. 2956# 2957# According to Bernard Sieloff's source, Poland is in the MET time zone but 2958# uses the WE DST rules. The Western USSR uses EET+1 and ME DST rules. --- 65 unchanged lines hidden --- |