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1# <pre>
2# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
3# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
4
5# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
6# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
7# tz@iana.org for general use in the future).
8

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25# Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
26# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated),
27# which I found in the UCLA library.
28#
29# <a href="http://www.pettswoodvillage.co.uk/Daylight_Savings_William_Willett.pdf">
30# William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition
31# </a> (1914-03)
32#
1# <pre>
2# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
3# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
4
5# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
6# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
7# tz@iana.org for general use in the future).
8

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25# Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
26# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated),
27# which I found in the UCLA library.
28#
29# <a href="http://www.pettswoodvillage.co.uk/Daylight_Savings_William_Willett.pdf">
30# William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition
31# </a> (1914-03)
32#
33# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
34# <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>. He writes:
35# "It is requested that corrections and additions to these tables
36# may be sent to Mr. John Milne, Royal Geographical Society,
37# Savile Row, London." Nowadays please email them to tz@iana.org.
38#
33# Brazil's Departamento Servico da Hora (DSH),
34# <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HISTHV.htm">
35# History of Summer Time
36# </a> (1998-09-21, in Portuguese)
37
38#
39# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
40# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.

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661# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
662Zone Europe/Andorra 0:06:04 - LMT 1901
663 0:00 - WET 1946 Sep 30
664 1:00 - CET 1985 Mar 31 2:00
665 1:00 EU CE%sT
666
667# Austria
668
39# Brazil's Departamento Servico da Hora (DSH),
40# <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HISTHV.htm">
41# History of Summer Time
42# </a> (1998-09-21, in Portuguese)
43
44#
45# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
46# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.

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667# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
668Zone Europe/Andorra 0:06:04 - LMT 1901
669 0:00 - WET 1946 Sep 30
670 1:00 - CET 1985 Mar 31 2:00
671 1:00 EU CE%sT
672
673# Austria
674
675# Milne says Vienna time was 1:05:21.
676
669# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): Shanks & Pottenger give 1918-06-16 and
670# 1945-11-18, but the Austrian Federal Office of Metrology and
671# Surveying (BEV) gives 1918-09-16 and for Vienna gives the "alleged"
672# date of 1945-04-12 with no time. For the 1980-04-06 transition
673# Shanks & Pottenger give 02:00, the BEV 00:00. Go with the BEV,
674# and guess 02:00 for 1945-04-12.
675
676# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
677Rule Austria 1920 only - Apr 5 2:00s 1:00 S
678Rule Austria 1920 only - Sep 13 2:00s 0 -
679Rule Austria 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S
680Rule Austria 1946 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
681Rule Austria 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S
682Rule Austria 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
683Rule Austria 1980 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S
684Rule Austria 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
685# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
677# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): Shanks & Pottenger give 1918-06-16 and
678# 1945-11-18, but the Austrian Federal Office of Metrology and
679# Surveying (BEV) gives 1918-09-16 and for Vienna gives the "alleged"
680# date of 1945-04-12 with no time. For the 1980-04-06 transition
681# Shanks & Pottenger give 02:00, the BEV 00:00. Go with the BEV,
682# and guess 02:00 for 1945-04-12.
683
684# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
685Rule Austria 1920 only - Apr 5 2:00s 1:00 S
686Rule Austria 1920 only - Sep 13 2:00s 0 -
687Rule Austria 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S
688Rule Austria 1946 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
689Rule Austria 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S
690Rule Austria 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
691Rule Austria 1980 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S
692Rule Austria 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
693# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
686Zone Europe/Vienna 1:05:20 - LMT 1893 Apr
694Zone Europe/Vienna 1:05:21 - LMT 1893 Apr
687 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1920
688 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1940 Apr 1 2:00s
689 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s
690 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Apr 12 2:00s
691 1:00 - CET 1946
692 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1981
693 1:00 EU CE%sT
694

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1234
1235# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1236Zone Europe/Berlin 0:53:28 - LMT 1893 Apr
1237 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 24 2:00
1238 1:00 SovietZone CE%sT 1946
1239 1:00 Germany CE%sT 1980
1240 1:00 EU CE%sT
1241
695 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1920
696 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1940 Apr 1 2:00s
697 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s
698 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Apr 12 2:00s
699 1:00 - CET 1946
700 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1981
701 1:00 EU CE%sT
702

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1242
1243# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1244Zone Europe/Berlin 0:53:28 - LMT 1893 Apr
1245 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 24 2:00
1246 1:00 SovietZone CE%sT 1946
1247 1:00 Germany CE%sT 1980
1248 1:00 EU CE%sT
1249
1250# From Tobias Conradi (2011-09-12):
1251# Busingen <http://www.buesingen.de>, surrounded by the Swiss canton
1252# Schaffhausen, did not start observing DST in 1980 as the rest of DE
1253# (West Germany at that time) and DD (East Germany at that time) did.
1254# DD merged into DE, the area is currently covered by code DE in ISO 3166-1,
1255# which in turn is covered by the zone Europe/Berlin.
1256#
1257# Source for the time in Busingen 1980:
1258# http://www.srf.ch/player/video?id=c012c029-03b7-4c2b-9164-aa5902cd58d3
1259
1260# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-03):
1261# Busingen and Zurich have shared clocks since 1970.
1262
1263Link Europe/Zurich Europe/Busingen
1264
1242# Georgia
1243# Please see the "asia" file for Asia/Tbilisi.
1244# Herodotus (Histories, IV.45) says Georgia north of the Phasis (now Rioni)
1245# is in Europe. Our reference location Tbilisi is in the Asian part.
1246
1247# Gibraltar
1248# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1249Zone Europe/Gibraltar -0:21:24 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 0:00s

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2038 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00s
2039 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991
2040 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1994
2041 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997
2042 2:00 EU EE%sT
2043
2044# Russia
2045
1265# Georgia
1266# Please see the "asia" file for Asia/Tbilisi.
1267# Herodotus (Histories, IV.45) says Georgia north of the Phasis (now Rioni)
1268# is in Europe. Our reference location Tbilisi is in the Asian part.
1269
1270# Gibraltar
1271# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1272Zone Europe/Gibraltar -0:21:24 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 0:00s

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2061 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00s
2062 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991
2063 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1994
2064 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997
2065 2:00 EU EE%sT
2066
2067# Russia
2068
2069# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-09-15):
2070# Based on last Russian Government Decree # 725 on August 31, 2011
2071# (Government document
2072# <a href="http://www.government.ru/gov/results/16355/print/">
2073# http://www.government.ru/gov/results/16355/print/
2074# </a>
2075# in Russian)
2076# there are few corrections have to be made for some Russian time zones...
2077# All updated Russian Time Zones were placed in table and translated to English
2078# by WorldTimeZone.com at the link below:
2079# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia36.htm">
2080# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia36.htm
2081# </a>
2082
2083# From Sanjeev Gupta (2011-09-27):
2084# Scans of [Decree #23 of January 8, 1992] are available at:
2085# <a href="http://government.consultant.ru/page.aspx?1223966">
2086# http://government.consultant.ru/page.aspx?1223966
2087# They are in Cyrillic letters (presumably Russian).
2088
2089# From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09):
2090# Regarding the instant when clocks in time-zone-shifting parts of Russia
2091# changed in September 2011:
2092#
2093# One source is
2094# < a href="http://government.ru/gov/results/16355/>
2095# http://government.ru/gov/results/16355/
2096# </a>
2097# which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Decree of August 31,
2098# 2011 No 725" and contains no other dates or "effective date" information.
2099#
2100# Another source is
2101# <a href="http://www.rg.ru/2011/09/06/chas-zona-dok.html">
2102# http://www.rg.ru/2011/09/06/chas-zona-dok.html
2103# </a>
2104# which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Resolution of the
2105# Government of the Russian Federation on August 31, 2011 N 725" and also
2106# contains "Date first official publication: September 6, 2011 Posted on:
2107# in the 'RG' - Federal Issue number 5573 September 6, 2011" but which
2108# does not contain any "effective date" information.
2109#
2110# Another source is
2111# <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oymyakonsky_District#cite_note-RuTime-7">
2112# http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oymyakonsky_District#cite_note-RuTime-7
2113# </a>
2114# which, in note 8, contains "Resolution #725 of August 31, 2011...
2115# Effective as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication"
2116# but which does not contain any reference to September 6, 2011.
2117#
2118# The Wikipedia article refers to
2119# <a href="http://base.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc;base=LAW;n=118896">
2120# http://base.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc;base=LAW;n=118896
2121# </a>
2122# which seems to copy the text of the government.ru page.
2123#
2124# Tobias Conradi combines Wikipedia's
2125# "as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication"
2126# with www.rg.ru's "Date of first official publication: September 6, 2011" to get
2127# September 13, 2011 as the cutover date (unusually, a Tuesday, as Tobias Conradi notes).
2128#
2129# None of the sources indicates a time of day for changing clocks.
2130#
2131# Go with 2011-09-13 0:00s.
2132
2046# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
2047# Except for Moscow after 1919-07-01, I invented the time zone abbreviations.
2048# Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991,
2049# are from Andrey A. Chernov. The rest is from Shanks & Pottenger,
2050# except we follow Chernov's report that 1992 DST transitions were Sat
2051# 23:00, not Sun 02:00s.
2052#
2053# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski (1994-06-29):

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2265 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2266 10:00 - YAKT
2267#
2268# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of]
2269# Evrejskaya avtonomnaya oblast', Khabarovskij kraj, Primorskij kraj,
2270# [parts of] Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya).
2271
2272# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
2133# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
2134# Except for Moscow after 1919-07-01, I invented the time zone abbreviations.
2135# Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991,
2136# are from Andrey A. Chernov. The rest is from Shanks & Pottenger,
2137# except we follow Chernov's report that 1992 DST transitions were Sat
2138# 23:00, not Sun 02:00s.
2139#
2140# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski (1994-06-29):

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2352 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2353 10:00 - YAKT
2354#
2355# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of]
2356# Evrejskaya avtonomnaya oblast', Khabarovskij kraj, Primorskij kraj,
2357# [parts of] Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya).
2358
2359# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
2273# The Sakha districts are: Bulunskij, Verkhoyanskij, Tomponskij, Ust'-Majskij,
2274# Ust'-Yanskij.
2360# The Sakha districts are: Bulunskij, Verkhoyanskij, ... Ust'-Yanskij.
2275Zone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:44 - LMT 1922 Nov 15
2276 9:00 - VLAT 1930 Jun 21 # Vladivostok Time
2277 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2278 9:00 Russia VLA%sST 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2279 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2280 11:00 - VLAT
2361Zone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:44 - LMT 1922 Nov 15
2362 9:00 - VLAT 1930 Jun 21 # Vladivostok Time
2363 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2364 9:00 Russia VLA%sST 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2365 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2366 11:00 - VLAT
2367
2368# From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09):
2369# Tomponskij and Ust'-Majskij switched from Vladivostok time to Yakutsk time
2370# in 2011.
2281#
2371#
2372# From Paul Eggert (2012-11-25):
2373# Shanks and Pottenger (2003) has Khandyga on Yakutsk time.
2374# Make a wild guess that it switched to Vladivostok time in 2004.
2375# This transition is no doubt wrong, but we have no better info.
2376#
2377Zone Asia/Khandyga 9:02:13 - LMT 1919 Dec 15
2378 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
2379 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2380 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2381 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 2004
2382 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2383 11:00 - VLAT 2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725?
2384 10:00 - YAKT
2385
2386#
2282# Sakhalinskaya oblast'.
2283# The Zone name should be Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, but that's too long.
2284Zone Asia/Sakhalin 9:30:48 - LMT 1905 Aug 23
2285 9:00 - CJT 1938
2286 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 25
2287 11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s # Sakhalin T.
2288 10:00 Russia SAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2289 11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1997 Mar lastSun 2:00s
2290 10:00 Russia SAK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2291 11:00 - SAKT
2292#
2293# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of]
2294# Magadanskaya oblast', Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya).
2295# Probably also: Kuril Islands.
2296
2297# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
2298# The Sakha districts are: Abyjskij, Allaikhovskij, Verkhhhnekolymskij, Momskij,
2387# Sakhalinskaya oblast'.
2388# The Zone name should be Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, but that's too long.
2389Zone Asia/Sakhalin 9:30:48 - LMT 1905 Aug 23
2390 9:00 - CJT 1938
2391 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 25
2392 11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s # Sakhalin T.
2393 10:00 Russia SAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2394 11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1997 Mar lastSun 2:00s
2395 10:00 Russia SAK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2396 11:00 - SAKT
2397#
2398# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of]
2399# Magadanskaya oblast', Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya).
2400# Probably also: Kuril Islands.
2401
2402# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
2403# The Sakha districts are: Abyjskij, Allaikhovskij, Verkhhhnekolymskij, Momskij,
2299# Nizhnekolymskij, Ojmyakonskij, Srednekolymskij.
2404# Nizhnekolymskij, ... Srednekolymskij.
2300Zone Asia/Magadan 10:03:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
2301 10:00 - MAGT 1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time
2302 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2303 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2304 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2305 12:00 - MAGT
2405Zone Asia/Magadan 10:03:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
2406 10:00 - MAGT 1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time
2407 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2408 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2409 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2410 12:00 - MAGT
2306#
2411
2412# From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09):
2413# Ojmyakonskij and the Kuril Islands switched from
2414# Magadan time to Vladivostok time in 2011.
2415Zone Asia/Ust-Nera 9:32:54 - LMT 1919 Dec 15
2416 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
2417 9:00 Russia YAKT 1981 Apr 1
2418 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2419 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2420 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2421 12:00 - MAGT 2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725?
2422 11:00 - VLAT
2423
2307# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
2308# Kamchatskaya oblast', Koryakskij avtonomnyj okrug.
2309#
2310# The Zone name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski, but that's too long.
2311Zone Asia/Kamchatka 10:34:36 - LMT 1922 Nov 10
2312 11:00 - PETT 1930 Jun 21 # P-K Time
2313 12:00 Russia PET%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2314 11:00 Russia PET%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s

--- 542 unchanged lines hidden --- 		2424# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
2425# Kamchatskaya oblast', Koryakskij avtonomnyj okrug.
2426#
2427# The Zone name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski, but that's too long.
2428Zone Asia/Kamchatka 10:34:36 - LMT 1922 Nov 10
2429 11:00 - PETT 1930 Jun 21 # P-K Time
2430 12:00 Russia PET%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2431 11:00 Russia PET%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s

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