| asia (243003) | asia (248307) |
|---|---|
| 1# <pre> 2# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 3# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 4 5# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 6# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 7# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). 8 | 1# <pre> 2# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 3# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 4 5# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 6# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 7# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). 8 |
| 9# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): | 9# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21): |
| 10# 11# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 12# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 13# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 14# 15# Gwillim Law writes that a good source 16# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 17# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 18# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 19# of the IATA's data after 1990. 20# 21# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 22# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 23# 24# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 25# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 26# I found in the UCLA library. 27# | 10# 11# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 12# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 13# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 14# 15# Gwillim Law writes that a good source 16# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 17# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 18# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 19# of the IATA's data after 1990. 20# 21# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 22# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 23# 24# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 25# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 26# I found in the UCLA library. 27# |
| 28# For data circa 1899, a common source is: 29# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94 30# <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>. 31# |
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| 28# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 29# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 30# 31# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; 32# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 33# Corrections are welcome! 34# std dst 35# LMT Local Mean Time --- 238 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 274 275# Brunei 276# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 277Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan 278 7:30 - BNT 1933 279 8:00 - BNT 280 281# Burma / Myanmar | 32# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 33# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 34# 35# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; 36# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 37# Corrections are welcome! 38# std dst 39# LMT Local Mean Time --- 238 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 278 279# Brunei 280# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 281Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan 282 7:30 - BNT 1933 283 8:00 - BNT 284 285# Burma / Myanmar |
| 286 287# Milne says 6:24:40 was the meridian of the time ball observatory at Rangoon. 288 |
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| 282# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 283Zone Asia/Rangoon 6:24:40 - LMT 1880 # or Yangon | 289# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 290Zone Asia/Rangoon 6:24:40 - LMT 1880 # or Yangon |
| 284 6:24:36 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon Mean Time? | 291 6:24:40 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon Mean Time? |
| 285 6:30 - BURT 1942 May # Burma Time 286 9:00 - JST 1945 May 3 287 6:30 - MMT # Myanmar Time 288 289# Cambodia 290# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 291Zone Asia/Phnom_Penh 6:59:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 292 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT? --- 86 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 379Zone Asia/Harbin 8:26:44 - LMT 1928 # or Haerbin 380 8:30 - CHAT 1932 Mar # Changbai Time 381 8:00 - CST 1940 382 9:00 - CHAT 1966 May 383 8:30 - CHAT 1980 May 384 8:00 PRC C%sT 385# Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time") 386# most of China | 292 6:30 - BURT 1942 May # Burma Time 293 9:00 - JST 1945 May 3 294 6:30 - MMT # Myanmar Time 295 296# Cambodia 297# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 298Zone Asia/Phnom_Penh 6:59:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 299 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT? --- 86 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 386Zone Asia/Harbin 8:26:44 - LMT 1928 # or Haerbin 387 8:30 - CHAT 1932 Mar # Changbai Time 388 8:00 - CST 1940 389 9:00 - CHAT 1966 May 390 8:30 - CHAT 1980 May 391 8:00 PRC C%sT 392# Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time") 393# most of China |
| 387Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:52 - LMT 1928 | 394# Milne gives 8:05:56.7; round to nearest. 395Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:57 - LMT 1928 |
| 388 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949 389 8:00 PRC C%sT 390# Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area) 391# Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan; 392# most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; west Qinghai; and the Guangdong 393# counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing, 394# Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu. 395Zone Asia/Chongqing 7:06:20 - LMT 1928 # or Chungking --- 80 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 476# not be using Beijing time, but some local time.) 477 478Zone Asia/Kashgar 5:03:56 - LMT 1928 # or Kashi or Kaxgar 479 5:30 - KAST 1940 # Kashgar Time 480 5:00 - KAST 1980 May 481 8:00 PRC C%sT 482 483 | 396 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949 397 8:00 PRC C%sT 398# Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area) 399# Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan; 400# most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; west Qinghai; and the Guangdong 401# counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing, 402# Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu. 403Zone Asia/Chongqing 7:06:20 - LMT 1928 # or Chungking --- 80 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 484# not be using Beijing time, but some local time.) 485 486Zone Asia/Kashgar 5:03:56 - LMT 1928 # or Kashi or Kaxgar 487 5:30 - KAST 1940 # Kashgar Time 488 5:00 - KAST 1980 May 489 8:00 PRC C%sT 490 491 |
| 492# Hong Kong (Xianggang) 493 494# Milne gives 7:36:41.7; round this. 495 |
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| 484# From Lee Yiu Chung (2009-10-24): 485# I found there are some mistakes for the...DST rule for Hong 486# Kong. [According] to the DST record from Hong Kong Observatory (actually, 487# it is not [an] observatory, but the official meteorological agency of HK, 488# and also serves as the official timing agency), there are some missing 489# and incorrect rules. Although the exact switch over time is missing, I 490# think 3:30 is correct. The official DST record for Hong Kong can be 491# obtained from --- 50 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 542# 1980 to Now Nil 543# The page does not give start or end times of day. 544# The page does not give a start date for 1942. 545# The page does not givw an end date for 1945. 546# The Japanese occupation of Hong Kong began on 1941-12-25. 547# The Japanese surrender of Hong Kong was signed 1945-09-15. 548# For lack of anything better, use start of those days as the transition times. 549 | 496# From Lee Yiu Chung (2009-10-24): 497# I found there are some mistakes for the...DST rule for Hong 498# Kong. [According] to the DST record from Hong Kong Observatory (actually, 499# it is not [an] observatory, but the official meteorological agency of HK, 500# and also serves as the official timing agency), there are some missing 501# and incorrect rules. Although the exact switch over time is missing, I 502# think 3:30 is correct. The official DST record for Hong Kong can be 503# obtained from --- 50 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 554# 1980 to Now Nil 555# The page does not give start or end times of day. 556# The page does not give a start date for 1942. 557# The page does not givw an end date for 1945. 558# The Japanese occupation of Hong Kong began on 1941-12-25. 559# The Japanese surrender of Hong Kong was signed 1945-09-15. 560# For lack of anything better, use start of those days as the transition times. 561 |
| 550# Hong Kong (Xianggang) | |
| 551# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 552Rule HK 1941 only - Apr 1 3:30 1:00 S 553Rule HK 1941 only - Sep 30 3:30 0 - 554Rule HK 1946 only - Apr 20 3:30 1:00 S 555Rule HK 1946 only - Dec 1 3:30 0 - 556Rule HK 1947 only - Apr 13 3:30 1:00 S 557Rule HK 1947 only - Dec 30 3:30 0 - 558Rule HK 1948 only - May 2 3:30 1:00 S --- 5 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 564Rule HK 1954 only - Oct 31 3:30 0 - 565Rule HK 1955 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 - 566Rule HK 1965 1976 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 567Rule HK 1965 1976 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 568Rule HK 1973 only - Dec 30 3:30 1:00 S 569Rule HK 1979 only - May Sun>=8 3:30 1:00 S 570Rule HK 1979 only - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 571# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] | 562# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 563Rule HK 1941 only - Apr 1 3:30 1:00 S 564Rule HK 1941 only - Sep 30 3:30 0 - 565Rule HK 1946 only - Apr 20 3:30 1:00 S 566Rule HK 1946 only - Dec 1 3:30 0 - 567Rule HK 1947 only - Apr 13 3:30 1:00 S 568Rule HK 1947 only - Dec 30 3:30 0 - 569Rule HK 1948 only - May 2 3:30 1:00 S --- 5 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 575Rule HK 1954 only - Oct 31 3:30 0 - 576Rule HK 1955 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 - 577Rule HK 1965 1976 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 578Rule HK 1965 1976 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 579Rule HK 1973 only - Dec 30 3:30 1:00 S 580Rule HK 1979 only - May Sun>=8 3:30 1:00 S 581Rule HK 1979 only - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 582# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| 572Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:36 - LMT 1904 Oct 30 | 583Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:42 - LMT 1904 Oct 30 |
| 573 8:00 HK HK%sT 1941 Dec 25 574 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 15 575 8:00 HK HK%sT 576 577############################################################################### 578 579# Taiwan 580 --- 60 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 641Zone Asia/Macau 7:34:20 - LMT 1912 642 8:00 Macau MO%sT 1999 Dec 20 # return to China 643 8:00 PRC C%sT 644 645 646############################################################################### 647 648# Cyprus | 584 8:00 HK HK%sT 1941 Dec 25 585 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 15 586 8:00 HK HK%sT 587 588############################################################################### 589 590# Taiwan 591 --- 60 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 652Zone Asia/Macau 7:34:20 - LMT 1912 653 8:00 Macau MO%sT 1999 Dec 20 # return to China 654 8:00 PRC C%sT 655 656 657############################################################################### 658 659# Cyprus |
| 660# 661# Milne says the Eastern Telegraph Company used 2:14:00. Stick with LMT. 662# |
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| 649# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 650Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S 651Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 - 652Rule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 653Rule Cyprus 1976 only - Oct 11 0:00 0 - 654Rule Cyprus 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 655Rule Cyprus 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 - 656Rule Cyprus 1978 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - --- 1142 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1799 1800# Nepal 1801# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1802Zone Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920 1803 5:30 - IST 1986 1804 5:45 - NPT # Nepal Time 1805 1806# Oman | 663# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 664Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S 665Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 - 666Rule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 667Rule Cyprus 1976 only - Oct 11 0:00 0 - 668Rule Cyprus 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 669Rule Cyprus 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 - 670Rule Cyprus 1978 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - --- 1142 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1813 1814# Nepal 1815# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1816Zone Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920 1817 5:30 - IST 1986 1818 5:45 - NPT # Nepal Time 1819 1820# Oman |
| 1821 1822# Milne says 3:54:24 was the meridian of the Muscat Tidal Observatory. 1823 |
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| 1807# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] | 1824# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| 1808Zone Asia/Muscat 3:54:20 - LMT 1920 | 1825Zone Asia/Muscat 3:54:24 - LMT 1920 |
| 1809 4:00 - GST 1810 1811# Pakistan 1812 1813# From Rives McDow (2002-03-13): 1814# I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a 1815# TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002 1816# and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002. This is what I was --- 578 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 2395 7:30 - MALT 1965 Aug 9 # independence 2396 7:30 - SGT 1982 Jan 1 # Singapore Time 2397 8:00 - SGT 2398 2399# Spratly Is 2400# no information 2401 2402# Sri Lanka | 1826 4:00 - GST 1827 1828# Pakistan 1829 1830# From Rives McDow (2002-03-13): 1831# I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a 1832# TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002 1833# and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002. This is what I was --- 578 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 2412 7:30 - MALT 1965 Aug 9 # independence 2413 7:30 - SGT 1982 Jan 1 # Singapore Time 2414 8:00 - SGT 2415 2416# Spratly Is 2417# no information 2418 2419# Sri Lanka |
| 2420 2421# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21): 2422# Milne says "Madras mean time use from May 1, 1898. Prior to this Colombo 2423# mean time, 5h. 4m. 21.9s. F., was used." But 5:04:21.9 differs considerably 2424# from Colombo's meridian 5:19:24, so for now ignore Milne and stick with 2425# Shanks and Pottenger. 2426 |
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| 2403# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): 2404# "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout" 2405# (www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html, 1996-05-24, 2406# no longer available as of 1999-08-17) 2407# reported ``the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at 2408# midnight Friday (1830 GMT) `in the light of the present power crisis'.'' 2409# 2410# From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted --- 283 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 2694 5:00 - TAST 1930 Jun 21 # Tashkent Time 2695 6:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00 2696 5:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence 2697 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992 2698 5:00 - UZT 2699 2700# Vietnam 2701 | 2427# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): 2428# "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout" 2429# (www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html, 1996-05-24, 2430# no longer available as of 1999-08-17) 2431# reported ``the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at 2432# midnight Friday (1830 GMT) `in the light of the present power crisis'.'' 2433# 2434# From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted --- 283 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 2718 5:00 - TAST 1930 Jun 21 # Tashkent Time 2719 6:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00 2720 5:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence 2721 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992 2722 5:00 - UZT 2723 2724# Vietnam 2725 |
| 2726# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21): 2727# Milne gives 7:16:56 for the meridian of Saigon in 1899, as being 2728# used in Lower Laos, Cambodia, and Annam. But this is quite a ways 2729# from Saigon's location. For now, ignore this and stick with Shanks 2730# and Pottenger. 2731 |
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| 2702# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18): 2703# The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Min City"; 2704# we use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters. 2705 2706# From Shanks & Pottenger: 2707# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2708Zone Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh 7:06:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 2709 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT? 2710 7:00 - ICT 1912 May 2711 8:00 - ICT 1931 May 2712 7:00 - ICT 2713 2714# Yemen | 2732# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18): 2733# The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Min City"; 2734# we use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters. 2735 2736# From Shanks & Pottenger: 2737# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2738Zone Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh 7:06:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 2739 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT? 2740 7:00 - ICT 1912 May 2741 8:00 - ICT 1931 May 2742 7:00 - ICT 2743 2744# Yemen |
| 2745 2746# Milne says 2:59:54 was the meridian of the saluting battery at Aden, 2747# and that Yemen was at 1:55:56, the meridian of the Hagia Sophia. 2748 |
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| 2715# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] | 2749# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| 2716Zone Asia/Aden 3:00:48 - LMT 1950 | 2750Zone Asia/Aden 2:59:54 - LMT 1950 |
| 2717 3:00 - AST | 2751 3:00 - AST |