Deleted Added
sdiff udiff text old ( 321653 ) new ( 331246 )
full compact
bmake.cat1 (321653) bmake.cat1 (331246)
1BMAKE(1) NetBSD General Commands Manual BMAKE(1)
1BMAKE(1) FreeBSD General Commands Manual BMAKE(1)
2
2
3NNAAMMEE
4 bbmmaakkee -- maintain program dependencies
3NAME
4 bmake -- maintain program dependencies
5
5
6SSYYNNOOPPSSIISS
7 bbmmaakkee [--BBeeiikkNNnnqqrrssttWWwwXX] [--CC _d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y] [--DD _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e] [--dd _f_l_a_g_s]
8 [--ff _m_a_k_e_f_i_l_e] [--II _d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y] [--JJ _p_r_i_v_a_t_e] [--jj _m_a_x___j_o_b_s]
9 [--mm _d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y] [--TT _f_i_l_e] [--VV _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e] [--vv _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e]
10 [_v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e_=_v_a_l_u_e] [_t_a_r_g_e_t _._._.]
6SYNOPSIS
7 bmake [-BeikNnqrstWwX] [-C directory] [-D variable] [-d flags]
8 [-f makefile] [-I directory] [-J private] [-j max_jobs]
9 [-m directory] [-T file] [-V variable] [-v variable]
10 [variable=value] [target ...]
11
11
12DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN
13 bbmmaakkee is a program designed to simplify the maintenance of other pro-
12DESCRIPTION
13 bmake is a program designed to simplify the maintenance of other pro-
14 grams. Its input is a list of specifications as to the files upon which
14 grams. Its input is a list of specifications as to the files upon which
15 programs and other files depend. If no --ff _m_a_k_e_f_i_l_e makefile option is
16 given, bbmmaakkee will try to open `_m_a_k_e_f_i_l_e' then `_M_a_k_e_f_i_l_e' in order to find
17 the specifications. If the file `_._d_e_p_e_n_d' exists, it is read (see
15 programs and other files depend. If no -f makefile makefile option is
16 given, bmake will try to open `makefile' then `Makefile' in order to find
17 the specifications. If the file `.depend' exists, it is read (see
18 mkdep(1)).
19
20 This manual page is intended as a reference document only. For a more
18 mkdep(1)).
19
20 This manual page is intended as a reference document only. For a more
21 thorough description of bbmmaakkee and makefiles, please refer to _P_M_a_k_e _- _A
22 _T_u_t_o_r_i_a_l.
21 thorough description of bmake and makefiles, please refer to PMake - A
22 Tutorial.
23
23
24 bbmmaakkee will prepend the contents of the _M_A_K_E_F_L_A_G_S environment variable to
24 bmake will prepend the contents of the MAKEFLAGS environment variable to
25 the command line arguments before parsing them.
26
27 The options are as follows:
28
25 the command line arguments before parsing them.
26
27 The options are as follows:
28
29 --BB Try to be backwards compatible by executing a single shell per
29 -B Try to be backwards compatible by executing a single shell per
30 command and by executing the commands to make the sources of a
31 dependency line in sequence.
32
30 command and by executing the commands to make the sources of a
31 dependency line in sequence.
32
33 --CC _d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y
34 Change to _d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y before reading the makefiles or doing any-
35 thing else. If multiple --CC options are specified, each is inter-
36 preted relative to the previous one: --CC _/ --CC _e_t_c is equivalent to
37 --CC _/_e_t_c.
33 -C directory
34 Change to directory before reading the makefiles or doing any-
35 thing else. If multiple -C options are specified, each is inter-
36 preted relative to the previous one: -C / -C etc is equivalent to
37 -C /etc.
38
38
39 --DD _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e
40 Define _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e to be 1, in the global context.
39 -D variable
40 Define variable to be 1, in the global context.
41
41
42 --dd _[_-_]_f_l_a_g_s
43 Turn on debugging, and specify which portions of bbmmaakkee are to
42 -d [-]flags
43 Turn on debugging, and specify which portions of bmake are to
44 print debugging information. Unless the flags are preceded by
44 print debugging information. Unless the flags are preceded by
45 `-' they are added to the _M_A_K_E_F_L_A_G_S environment variable and will
45 `-' they are added to the MAKEFLAGS environment variable and will
46 be processed by any child make processes. By default, debugging
47 information is printed to standard error, but this can be changed
46 be processed by any child make processes. By default, debugging
47 information is printed to standard error, but this can be changed
48 using the _F debugging flag. The debugging output is always
48 using the F debugging flag. The debugging output is always
49 unbuffered; in addition, if debugging is enabled but debugging
50 output is not directed to standard output, then the standard out-
49 unbuffered; in addition, if debugging is enabled but debugging
50 output is not directed to standard output, then the standard out-
51 put is line buffered. _F_l_a_g_s is one or more of the following:
51 put is line buffered. Flags is one or more of the following:
52
52
53 _A Print all possible debugging information; equivalent to
53 A Print all possible debugging information; equivalent to
54 specifying all of the debugging flags.
55
54 specifying all of the debugging flags.
55
56 _a Print debugging information about archive searching and
56 a Print debugging information about archive searching and
57 caching.
58
57 caching.
58
59 _C Print debugging information about current working direc-
59 C Print debugging information about current working direc-
60 tory.
61
60 tory.
61
62 _c Print debugging information about conditional evaluation.
62 c Print debugging information about conditional evaluation.
63
63
64 _d Print debugging information about directory searching and
64 d Print debugging information about directory searching and
65 caching.
66
65 caching.
66
67 _e Print debugging information about failed commands and
67 e Print debugging information about failed commands and
68 targets.
69
68 targets.
69
70 _F[++]_f_i_l_e_n_a_m_e
70 F[+]filename
71 Specify where debugging output is written. This must be
72 the last flag, because it consumes the remainder of the
73 argument. If the character immediately after the `F'
74 flag is `+', then the file will be opened in append mode;
75 otherwise the file will be overwritten. If the file name
76 is `stdout' or `stderr' then debugging output will be
77 written to the standard output or standard error output
78 file descriptors respectively (and the `+' option has no
79 effect). Otherwise, the output will be written to the
80 named file. If the file name ends `.%d' then the `%d' is
81 replaced by the pid.
82
71 Specify where debugging output is written. This must be
72 the last flag, because it consumes the remainder of the
73 argument. If the character immediately after the `F'
74 flag is `+', then the file will be opened in append mode;
75 otherwise the file will be overwritten. If the file name
76 is `stdout' or `stderr' then debugging output will be
77 written to the standard output or standard error output
78 file descriptors respectively (and the `+' option has no
79 effect). Otherwise, the output will be written to the
80 named file. If the file name ends `.%d' then the `%d' is
81 replaced by the pid.
82
83 _f Print debugging information about loop evaluation.
83 f Print debugging information about loop evaluation.
84
84
85 _g_1 Print the input graph before making anything.
85 g1 Print the input graph before making anything.
86
86
87 _g_2 Print the input graph after making everything, or before
87 g2 Print the input graph after making everything, or before
88 exiting on error.
89
88 exiting on error.
89
90 _g_3 Print the input graph before exiting on error.
90 g3 Print the input graph before exiting on error.
91
91
92 _j Print debugging information about running multiple
92 j Print debugging information about running multiple
93 shells.
94
93 shells.
94
95 _l Print commands in Makefiles regardless of whether or not
95 l Print commands in Makefiles regardless of whether or not
96 they are prefixed by `@' or other "quiet" flags. Also
97 known as "loud" behavior.
98
96 they are prefixed by `@' or other "quiet" flags. Also
97 known as "loud" behavior.
98
99 _M Print debugging information about "meta" mode decisions
99 M Print debugging information about "meta" mode decisions
100 about targets.
101
100 about targets.
101
102 _m Print debugging information about making targets, includ-
102 m Print debugging information about making targets, includ-
103 ing modification dates.
104
103 ing modification dates.
104
105 _n Don't delete the temporary command scripts created when
105 n Don't delete the temporary command scripts created when
106 running commands. These temporary scripts are created in
107 the directory referred to by the TMPDIR environment vari-
106 running commands. These temporary scripts are created in
107 the directory referred to by the TMPDIR environment vari-
108 able, or in _/_t_m_p if TMPDIR is unset or set to the empty
108 able, or in /tmp if TMPDIR is unset or set to the empty
109 string. The temporary scripts are created by mkstemp(3),
109 string. The temporary scripts are created by mkstemp(3),
110 and have names of the form _m_a_k_e_X_X_X_X_X_X. _N_O_T_E: This can
111 create many files in TMPDIR or _/_t_m_p, so use with care.
110 and have names of the form makeXXXXXX. NOTE: This can
111 create many files in TMPDIR or /tmp, so use with care.
112
112
113 _p Print debugging information about makefile parsing.
113 p Print debugging information about makefile parsing.
114
114
115 _s Print debugging information about suffix-transformation
115 s Print debugging information about suffix-transformation
116 rules.
117
116 rules.
117
118 _t Print debugging information about target list mainte-
118 t Print debugging information about target list mainte-
119 nance.
120
119 nance.
120
121 _V Force the --VV option to print raw values of variables,
121 V Force the -V option to print raw values of variables,
122 overriding the default behavior set via
122 overriding the default behavior set via
123 _._M_A_K_E_._E_X_P_A_N_D___V_A_R_I_A_B_L_E_S.
123 .MAKE.EXPAND_VARIABLES.
124
124
125 _v Print debugging information about variable assignment.
125 v Print debugging information about variable assignment.
126
126
127 _x Run shell commands with --xx so the actual commands are
127 x Run shell commands with -x so the actual commands are
128 printed as they are executed.
129
128 printed as they are executed.
129
130 --ee Specify that environment variables override macro assignments
130 -e Specify that environment variables override macro assignments
131 within makefiles.
132
131 within makefiles.
132
133 --ff _m_a_k_e_f_i_l_e
134 Specify a makefile to read instead of the default `_m_a_k_e_f_i_l_e'. If
135 _m_a_k_e_f_i_l_e is `--', standard input is read. Multiple makefiles may
133 -f makefile
134 Specify a makefile to read instead of the default `makefile'. If
135 makefile is `-', standard input is read. Multiple makefiles may
136 be specified, and are read in the order specified.
137
136 be specified, and are read in the order specified.
137
138 --II _d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y
138 -I directory
139 Specify a directory in which to search for makefiles and included
140 makefiles. The system makefile directory (or directories, see
139 Specify a directory in which to search for makefiles and included
140 makefiles. The system makefile directory (or directories, see
141 the --mm option) is automatically included as part of this list.
141 the -m option) is automatically included as part of this list.
142
142
143 --ii Ignore non-zero exit of shell commands in the makefile. Equiva-
144 lent to specifying `--' before each command line in the makefile.
143 -i Ignore non-zero exit of shell commands in the makefile. Equiva-
144 lent to specifying `-' before each command line in the makefile.
145
145
146 --JJ _p_r_i_v_a_t_e
147 This option should _n_o_t be specified by the user.
146 -J private
147 This option should not be specified by the user.
148
148
149 When the _j option is in use in a recursive build, this option is
149 When the j option is in use in a recursive build, this option is
150 passed by a make to child makes to allow all the make processes
151 in the build to cooperate to avoid overloading the system.
152
150 passed by a make to child makes to allow all the make processes
151 in the build to cooperate to avoid overloading the system.
152
153 --jj _m_a_x___j_o_b_s
154 Specify the maximum number of jobs that bbmmaakkee may have running at
155 any one time. The value is saved in _._M_A_K_E_._J_O_B_S. Turns compati-
156 bility mode off, unless the _B flag is also specified. When com-
153 -j max_jobs
154 Specify the maximum number of jobs that bmake may have running at
155 any one time. The value is saved in .MAKE.JOBS. Turns compati-
156 bility mode off, unless the B flag is also specified. When com-
157 patibility mode is off, all commands associated with a target are
158 executed in a single shell invocation as opposed to the tradi-
159 tional one shell invocation per line. This can break traditional
160 scripts which change directories on each command invocation and
161 then expect to start with a fresh environment on the next line.
162 It is more efficient to correct the scripts rather than turn
163 backwards compatibility on.
164
157 patibility mode is off, all commands associated with a target are
158 executed in a single shell invocation as opposed to the tradi-
159 tional one shell invocation per line. This can break traditional
160 scripts which change directories on each command invocation and
161 then expect to start with a fresh environment on the next line.
162 It is more efficient to correct the scripts rather than turn
163 backwards compatibility on.
164
165 --kk Continue processing after errors are encountered, but only on
165 -k Continue processing after errors are encountered, but only on
166 those targets that do not depend on the target whose creation
167 caused the error.
168
166 those targets that do not depend on the target whose creation
167 caused the error.
168
169 --mm _d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y
169 -m directory
170 Specify a directory in which to search for sys.mk and makefiles
170 Specify a directory in which to search for sys.mk and makefiles
171 included via the <_f_i_l_e>-style include statement. The --mm option
171 included via the <file>-style include statement. The -m option
172 can be used multiple times to form a search path. This path will
173 override the default system include path: /usr/share/mk. Fur-
174 thermore the system include path will be appended to the search
172 can be used multiple times to form a search path. This path will
173 override the default system include path: /usr/share/mk. Fur-
174 thermore the system include path will be appended to the search
175 path used for "_f_i_l_e"-style include statements (see the --II
175 path used for "file"-style include statements (see the -I
176 option).
177
176 option).
177
178 If a file or directory name in the --mm argument (or the
178 If a file or directory name in the -m argument (or the
179 MAKESYSPATH environment variable) starts with the string ".../"
179 MAKESYSPATH environment variable) starts with the string ".../"
180 then bbmmaakkee will search for the specified file or directory named
180 then bmake will search for the specified file or directory named
181 in the remaining part of the argument string. The search starts
182 with the current directory of the Makefile and then works upward
183 towards the root of the file system. If the search is success-
184 ful, then the resulting directory replaces the ".../" specifica-
181 in the remaining part of the argument string. The search starts
182 with the current directory of the Makefile and then works upward
183 towards the root of the file system. If the search is success-
184 ful, then the resulting directory replaces the ".../" specifica-
185 tion in the --mm argument. If used, this feature allows bbmmaakkee to
185 tion in the -m argument. If used, this feature allows bmake to
186 easily search in the current source tree for customized sys.mk
187 files (e.g., by using ".../mk/sys.mk" as an argument).
188
186 easily search in the current source tree for customized sys.mk
187 files (e.g., by using ".../mk/sys.mk" as an argument).
188
189 --nn Display the commands that would have been executed, but do not
189 -n Display the commands that would have been executed, but do not
190 actually execute them unless the target depends on the .MAKE spe-
191 cial source (see below).
192
190 actually execute them unless the target depends on the .MAKE spe-
191 cial source (see below).
192
193 --NN Display the commands which would have been executed, but do not
193 -N Display the commands which would have been executed, but do not
194 actually execute any of them; useful for debugging top-level
195 makefiles without descending into subdirectories.
196
194 actually execute any of them; useful for debugging top-level
195 makefiles without descending into subdirectories.
196
197 --qq Do not execute any commands, but exit 0 if the specified targets
197 -q Do not execute any commands, but exit 0 if the specified targets
198 are up-to-date and 1, otherwise.
199
198 are up-to-date and 1, otherwise.
199
200 --rr Do not use the built-in rules specified in the system makefile.
200 -r Do not use the built-in rules specified in the system makefile.
201
201
202 --ss Do not echo any commands as they are executed. Equivalent to
203 specifying `@@' before each command line in the makefile.
202 -s Do not echo any commands as they are executed. Equivalent to
203 specifying `@' before each command line in the makefile.
204
204
205 --TT _t_r_a_c_e_f_i_l_e
206 When used with the --jj flag, append a trace record to _t_r_a_c_e_f_i_l_e
205 -T tracefile
206 When used with the -j flag, append a trace record to tracefile
207 for each job started and completed.
208
207 for each job started and completed.
208
209 --tt Rather than re-building a target as specified in the makefile,
209 -t Rather than re-building a target as specified in the makefile,
210 create it or update its modification time to make it appear up-
211 to-date.
212
210 create it or update its modification time to make it appear up-
211 to-date.
212
213 --VV _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e
214 Print the value of _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e. Do not build any targets. Multiple
213 -V variable
214 Print the value of variable. Do not build any targets. Multiple
215 instances of this option may be specified; the variables will be
216 printed one per line, with a blank line for each null or unde-
217 fined variable. The value printed is extracted from the global
218 context after all makefiles have been read. By default, the raw
219 variable contents (which may include additional unexpanded vari-
215 instances of this option may be specified; the variables will be
216 printed one per line, with a blank line for each null or unde-
217 fined variable. The value printed is extracted from the global
218 context after all makefiles have been read. By default, the raw
219 variable contents (which may include additional unexpanded vari-
220 able references) are shown. If _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e contains a `$' then the
220 able references) are shown. If variable contains a `$' then the
221 value will be recursively expanded to its complete resultant text
222 before printing. The expanded value will also be printed if
221 value will be recursively expanded to its complete resultant text
222 before printing. The expanded value will also be printed if
223 _._M_A_K_E_._E_X_P_A_N_D___V_A_R_I_A_B_L_E_S is set to true and the --ddVV option has not
223 .MAKE.EXPAND_VARIABLES is set to true and the -dV option has not
224 been used to override it. Note that loop-local and target-local
225 variables, as well as values taken temporarily by global vari-
226 ables during makefile processing, are not accessible via this
224 been used to override it. Note that loop-local and target-local
225 variables, as well as values taken temporarily by global vari-
226 ables during makefile processing, are not accessible via this
227 option. The --ddvv debug mode can be used to see these at the cost
227 option. The -dv debug mode can be used to see these at the cost
228 of generating substantial extraneous output.
229
228 of generating substantial extraneous output.
229
230 --vv _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e
231 Like --VV but the variable is always expanded to its complete
230 -v variable
231 Like -V but the variable is always expanded to its complete
232 value.
233
232 value.
233
234 --WW Treat any warnings during makefile parsing as errors.
234 -W Treat any warnings during makefile parsing as errors.
235
235
236 --ww Print entering and leaving directory messages, pre and post pro-
236 -w Print entering and leaving directory messages, pre and post pro-
237 cessing.
238
237 cessing.
238
239 --XX Don't export variables passed on the command line to the environ-
239 -X Don't export variables passed on the command line to the environ-
240 ment individually. Variables passed on the command line are
240 ment individually. Variables passed on the command line are
241 still exported via the _M_A_K_E_F_L_A_G_S environment variable. This
241 still exported via the MAKEFLAGS environment variable. This
242 option may be useful on systems which have a small limit on the
243 size of command arguments.
244
242 option may be useful on systems which have a small limit on the
243 size of command arguments.
244
245 _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e_=_v_a_l_u_e
246 Set the value of the variable _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e to _v_a_l_u_e. Normally, all
245 variable=value
246 Set the value of the variable variable to value. Normally, all
247 values passed on the command line are also exported to sub-makes
247 values passed on the command line are also exported to sub-makes
248 in the environment. The --XX flag disables this behavior. Vari-
248 in the environment. The -X flag disables this behavior. Vari-
249 able assignments should follow options for POSIX compatibility
250 but no ordering is enforced.
251
252 There are seven different types of lines in a makefile: file dependency
253 specifications, shell commands, variable assignments, include statements,
254 conditional directives, for loops, and comments.
255
256 In general, lines may be continued from one line to the next by ending
257 them with a backslash (`\'). The trailing newline character and initial
258 whitespace on the following line are compressed into a single space.
259
249 able assignments should follow options for POSIX compatibility
250 but no ordering is enforced.
251
252 There are seven different types of lines in a makefile: file dependency
253 specifications, shell commands, variable assignments, include statements,
254 conditional directives, for loops, and comments.
255
256 In general, lines may be continued from one line to the next by ending
257 them with a backslash (`\'). The trailing newline character and initial
258 whitespace on the following line are compressed into a single space.
259
260FFIILLEE DDEEPPEENNDDEENNCCYY SSPPEECCIIFFIICCAATTIIOONNSS
260FILE DEPENDENCY SPECIFICATIONS
261 Dependency lines consist of one or more targets, an operator, and zero or
262 more sources. This creates a relationship where the targets ``depend''
263 on the sources and are usually created from them. The exact relationship
264 between the target and the source is determined by the operator that sep-
265 arates them. The three operators are as follows:
266
261 Dependency lines consist of one or more targets, an operator, and zero or
262 more sources. This creates a relationship where the targets ``depend''
263 on the sources and are usually created from them. The exact relationship
264 between the target and the source is determined by the operator that sep-
265 arates them. The three operators are as follows:
266
267 :: A target is considered out-of-date if its modification time is less
267 : A target is considered out-of-date if its modification time is less
268 than those of any of its sources. Sources for a target accumulate
269 over dependency lines when this operator is used. The target is
268 than those of any of its sources. Sources for a target accumulate
269 over dependency lines when this operator is used. The target is
270 removed if bbmmaakkee is interrupted.
270 removed if bmake is interrupted.
271
271
272 !! Targets are always re-created, but not until all sources have been
272 ! Targets are always re-created, but not until all sources have been
273 examined and re-created as necessary. Sources for a target accumu-
274 late over dependency lines when this operator is used. The target
273 examined and re-created as necessary. Sources for a target accumu-
274 late over dependency lines when this operator is used. The target
275 is removed if bbmmaakkee is interrupted.
275 is removed if bmake is interrupted.
276
276
277 :::: If no sources are specified, the target is always re-created. Oth-
277 :: If no sources are specified, the target is always re-created. Oth-
278 erwise, a target is considered out-of-date if any of its sources
279 has been modified more recently than the target. Sources for a
280 target do not accumulate over dependency lines when this operator
278 erwise, a target is considered out-of-date if any of its sources
279 has been modified more recently than the target. Sources for a
280 target do not accumulate over dependency lines when this operator
281 is used. The target will not be removed if bbmmaakkee is interrupted.
281 is used. The target will not be removed if bmake is interrupted.
282
283 Targets and sources may contain the shell wildcard values `?', `*', `[]',
284 and `{}'. The values `?', `*', and `[]' may only be used as part of the
285 final component of the target or source, and must be used to describe
286 existing files. The value `{}' need not necessarily be used to describe
287 existing files. Expansion is in directory order, not alphabetically as
288 done in the shell.
289
282
283 Targets and sources may contain the shell wildcard values `?', `*', `[]',
284 and `{}'. The values `?', `*', and `[]' may only be used as part of the
285 final component of the target or source, and must be used to describe
286 existing files. The value `{}' need not necessarily be used to describe
287 existing files. Expansion is in directory order, not alphabetically as
288 done in the shell.
289
290SSHHEELLLL CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
290SHELL COMMANDS
291 Each target may have associated with it one or more lines of shell com-
292 mands, normally used to create the target. Each of the lines in this
291 Each target may have associated with it one or more lines of shell com-
292 mands, normally used to create the target. Each of the lines in this
293 script _m_u_s_t be preceded by a tab. (For historical reasons, spaces are
293 script must be preceded by a tab. (For historical reasons, spaces are
294 not accepted.) While targets can appear in many dependency lines if
295 desired, by default only one of these rules may be followed by a creation
294 not accepted.) While targets can appear in many dependency lines if
295 desired, by default only one of these rules may be followed by a creation
296 script. If the `::::' operator is used, however, all rules may include
296 script. If the `::' operator is used, however, all rules may include
297 scripts and the scripts are executed in the order found.
298
299 Each line is treated as a separate shell command, unless the end of line
300 is escaped with a backslash (`\') in which case that line and the next
301 are combined. If the first characters of the command are any combination
297 scripts and the scripts are executed in the order found.
298
299 Each line is treated as a separate shell command, unless the end of line
300 is escaped with a backslash (`\') in which case that line and the next
301 are combined. If the first characters of the command are any combination
302 of `@@', `++', or `--', the command is treated specially. A `@@' causes the
303 command not to be echoed before it is executed. A `++' causes the command
304 to be executed even when --nn is given. This is similar to the effect of
302 of `@', `+', or `-', the command is treated specially. A `@' causes the
303 command not to be echoed before it is executed. A `+' causes the command
304 to be executed even when -n is given. This is similar to the effect of
305 the .MAKE special source, except that the effect can be limited to a sin-
305 the .MAKE special source, except that the effect can be limited to a sin-
306 gle line of a script. A `--' in compatibility mode causes any non-zero
306 gle line of a script. A `-' in compatibility mode causes any non-zero
307 exit status of the command line to be ignored.
308
307 exit status of the command line to be ignored.
308
309 When bbmmaakkee is run in jobs mode with --jj _m_a_x___j_o_b_s, the entire script for
309 When bmake is run in jobs mode with -j max_jobs, the entire script for
310 the target is fed to a single instance of the shell. In compatibility
311 (non-jobs) mode, each command is run in a separate process. If the com-
312 mand contains any shell meta characters (`#=|^(){};&<>*?[]:$`\\n') it
310 the target is fed to a single instance of the shell. In compatibility
311 (non-jobs) mode, each command is run in a separate process. If the com-
312 mand contains any shell meta characters (`#=|^(){};&<>*?[]:$`\\n') it
313 will be passed to the shell; otherwise bbmmaakkee will attempt direct execu-
314 tion. If a line starts with `--' and the shell has ErrCtl enabled then
313 will be passed to the shell; otherwise bmake will attempt direct execu-
314 tion. If a line starts with `-' and the shell has ErrCtl enabled then
315 failure of the command line will be ignored as in compatibility mode.
315 failure of the command line will be ignored as in compatibility mode.
316 Otherwise `--' affects the entire job; the script will stop at the first
316 Otherwise `-' affects the entire job; the script will stop at the first
317 command line that fails, but the target will not be deemed to have
318 failed.
319
317 command line that fails, but the target will not be deemed to have
318 failed.
319
320 Makefiles should be written so that the mode of bbmmaakkee operation does not
320 Makefiles should be written so that the mode of bmake operation does not
321 change their behavior. For example, any command which needs to use
322 ``cd'' or ``chdir'' without potentially changing the directory for subse-
323 quent commands should be put in parentheses so it executes in a subshell.
324 To force the use of one shell, escape the line breaks so as to make the
325 whole script one command. For example:
326
327 avoid-chdir-side-effects:
328 @echo Building $@ in `pwd`
329 @(cd ${.CURDIR} && ${MAKE} $@)
330 @echo Back in `pwd`
331
332 ensure-one-shell-regardless-of-mode:
333 @echo Building $@ in `pwd`; \
334 (cd ${.CURDIR} && ${MAKE} $@); \
335 echo Back in `pwd`
336
321 change their behavior. For example, any command which needs to use
322 ``cd'' or ``chdir'' without potentially changing the directory for subse-
323 quent commands should be put in parentheses so it executes in a subshell.
324 To force the use of one shell, escape the line breaks so as to make the
325 whole script one command. For example:
326
327 avoid-chdir-side-effects:
328 @echo Building $@ in `pwd`
329 @(cd ${.CURDIR} && ${MAKE} $@)
330 @echo Back in `pwd`
331
332 ensure-one-shell-regardless-of-mode:
333 @echo Building $@ in `pwd`; \
334 (cd ${.CURDIR} && ${MAKE} $@); \
335 echo Back in `pwd`
336
337 Since bbmmaakkee will chdir(2) to `_._O_B_J_D_I_R' before executing any targets, each
337 Since bmake will chdir(2) to `.OBJDIR' before executing any targets, each
338 child process starts with that as its current working directory.
339
338 child process starts with that as its current working directory.
339
340VVAARRIIAABBLLEE AASSSSIIGGNNMMEENNTTSS
340VARIABLE ASSIGNMENTS
341 Variables in make are much like variables in the shell, and, by tradi-
342 tion, consist of all upper-case letters.
343
341 Variables in make are much like variables in the shell, and, by tradi-
342 tion, consist of all upper-case letters.
343
344 VVaarriiaabbllee aassssiiggnnmmeenntt mmooddiiffiieerrss
344 Variable assignment modifiers
345 The five operators that can be used to assign values to variables are as
346 follows:
347
345 The five operators that can be used to assign values to variables are as
346 follows:
347
348 == Assign the value to the variable. Any previous value is overrid-
348 = Assign the value to the variable. Any previous value is overrid-
349 den.
350
349 den.
350
351 ++== Append the value to the current value of the variable.
351 += Append the value to the current value of the variable.
352
352
353 ??== Assign the value to the variable if it is not already defined.
353 ?= Assign the value to the variable if it is not already defined.
354
354
355 ::== Assign with expansion, i.e. expand the value before assigning it
355 := Assign with expansion, i.e. expand the value before assigning it
356 to the variable. Normally, expansion is not done until the vari-
356 to the variable. Normally, expansion is not done until the vari-
357 able is referenced. _N_O_T_E: References to undefined variables are
358 _n_o_t expanded. This can cause problems when variable modifiers
357 able is referenced. NOTE: References to undefined variables are
358 not expanded. This can cause problems when variable modifiers
359 are used.
360
359 are used.
360
361 !!== Expand the value and pass it to the shell for execution and
361 != Expand the value and pass it to the shell for execution and
362 assign the result to the variable. Any newlines in the result
363 are replaced with spaces.
364
362 assign the result to the variable. Any newlines in the result
363 are replaced with spaces.
364
365 Any white-space before the assigned _v_a_l_u_e is removed; if the value is
365 Any white-space before the assigned value is removed; if the value is
366 being appended, a single space is inserted between the previous contents
367 of the variable and the appended value.
368
369 Variables are expanded by surrounding the variable name with either curly
370 braces (`{}') or parentheses (`()') and preceding it with a dollar sign
371 (`$'). If the variable name contains only a single letter, the surround-
372 ing braces or parentheses are not required. This shorter form is not
373 recommended.

--- 33 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---

407
408 1 2 3
409 3 3 3
410
411 Because while ${a} contains ``1 2 3'' after the loop is executed,
412 ${b} contains ``${j} ${j} ${j}'' which expands to ``3 3 3'' since
413 after the loop completes ${j} contains ``3''.
414
366 being appended, a single space is inserted between the previous contents
367 of the variable and the appended value.
368
369 Variables are expanded by surrounding the variable name with either curly
370 braces (`{}') or parentheses (`()') and preceding it with a dollar sign
371 (`$'). If the variable name contains only a single letter, the surround-
372 ing braces or parentheses are not required. This shorter form is not
373 recommended.

--- 33 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---

407
408 1 2 3
409 3 3 3
410
411 Because while ${a} contains ``1 2 3'' after the loop is executed,
412 ${b} contains ``${j} ${j} ${j}'' which expands to ``3 3 3'' since
413 after the loop completes ${j} contains ``3''.
414
415 VVaarriiaabbllee ccllaasssseess
415 Variable classes
416 The four different classes of variables (in order of increasing prece-
417 dence) are:
418
419 Environment variables
416 The four different classes of variables (in order of increasing prece-
417 dence) are:
418
419 Environment variables
420 Variables defined as part of bbmmaakkee's environment.
420 Variables defined as part of bmake's environment.
421
422 Global variables
423 Variables defined in the makefile or in included makefiles.
424
425 Command line variables
426 Variables defined as part of the command line.
427
428 Local variables
429 Variables that are defined specific to a certain target.
430
431 Local variables are all built in and their values vary magically from
432 target to target. It is not currently possible to define new local vari-
433 ables. The seven local variables are as follows:
434
421
422 Global variables
423 Variables defined in the makefile or in included makefiles.
424
425 Command line variables
426 Variables defined as part of the command line.
427
428 Local variables
429 Variables that are defined specific to a certain target.
430
431 Local variables are all built in and their values vary magically from
432 target to target. It is not currently possible to define new local vari-
433 ables. The seven local variables are as follows:
434
435 _._A_L_L_S_R_C The list of all sources for this target; also known as
436 `_>'.
435 .ALLSRC The list of all sources for this target; also known as
436 `>'.
437
437
438 _._A_R_C_H_I_V_E The name of the archive file; also known as `_!'.
438 .ARCHIVE The name of the archive file; also known as `!'.
439
439
440 _._I_M_P_S_R_C In suffix-transformation rules, the name/path of the
440 .IMPSRC In suffix-transformation rules, the name/path of the
441 source from which the target is to be transformed (the
441 source from which the target is to be transformed (the
442 ``implied'' source); also known as `_<'. It is not
442 ``implied'' source); also known as `<'. It is not
443 defined in explicit rules.
444
443 defined in explicit rules.
444
445 _._M_E_M_B_E_R The name of the archive member; also known as `_%'.
445 .MEMBER The name of the archive member; also known as `%'.
446
446
447 _._O_O_D_A_T_E The list of sources for this target that were deemed out-
448 of-date; also known as `_?'.
447 .OODATE The list of sources for this target that were deemed out-
448 of-date; also known as `?'.
449
449
450 _._P_R_E_F_I_X The file prefix of the target, containing only the file
450 .PREFIX The file prefix of the target, containing only the file
451 portion, no suffix or preceding directory components;
451 portion, no suffix or preceding directory components;
452 also known as `_*'. The suffix must be one of the known
453 suffixes declared with ..SSUUFFFFIIXXEESS or it will not be recog-
452 also known as `*'. The suffix must be one of the known
453 suffixes declared with .SUFFIXES or it will not be recog-
454 nized.
455
454 nized.
455
456 _._T_A_R_G_E_T The name of the target; also known as `_@'. For compati-
457 bility with other makes this is an alias for ..AARRCCHHIIVVEE in
456 .TARGET The name of the target; also known as `@'. For compati-
457 bility with other makes this is an alias for .ARCHIVE in
458 archive member rules.
459
458 archive member rules.
459
460 The shorter forms (`_>', `_!', `_<', `_%', `_?', `_*', and `_@') are permitted
460 The shorter forms (`>', `!', `<', `%', `?', `*', and `@') are permitted
461 for backward compatibility with historical makefiles and legacy POSIX
462 make and are not recommended.
463
464 Variants of these variables with the punctuation followed immediately by
461 for backward compatibility with historical makefiles and legacy POSIX
462 make and are not recommended.
463
464 Variants of these variables with the punctuation followed immediately by
465 `D' or `F', e.g. `_$_(_@_D_)', are legacy forms equivalent to using the `:H'
465 `D' or `F', e.g. `$(@D)', are legacy forms equivalent to using the `:H'
466 and `:T' modifiers. These forms are accepted for compatibility with AT&T
467 System V UNIX makefiles and POSIX but are not recommended.
468
469 Four of the local variables may be used in sources on dependency lines
470 because they expand to the proper value for each target on the line.
466 and `:T' modifiers. These forms are accepted for compatibility with AT&T
467 System V UNIX makefiles and POSIX but are not recommended.
468
469 Four of the local variables may be used in sources on dependency lines
470 because they expand to the proper value for each target on the line.
471 These variables are `_._T_A_R_G_E_T', `_._P_R_E_F_I_X', `_._A_R_C_H_I_V_E', and `_._M_E_M_B_E_R'.
471 These variables are `.TARGET', `.PREFIX', `.ARCHIVE', and `.MEMBER'.
472
472
473 AAddddiittiioonnaall bbuuiilltt--iinn vvaarriiaabblleess
474 In addition, bbmmaakkee sets or knows about the following variables:
473 Additional built-in variables
474 In addition, bmake sets or knows about the following variables:
475
475
476 _$ A single dollar sign `$', i.e. `$$' expands to a single
476 $ A single dollar sign `$', i.e. `$$' expands to a single
477 dollar sign.
478
477 dollar sign.
478
479 _._A_L_L_T_A_R_G_E_T_S The list of all targets encountered in the Makefile. If
479 .ALLTARGETS The list of all targets encountered in the Makefile. If
480 evaluated during Makefile parsing, lists only those tar-
481 gets encountered thus far.
482
480 evaluated during Makefile parsing, lists only those tar-
481 gets encountered thus far.
482
483 _._C_U_R_D_I_R A path to the directory where bbmmaakkee was executed. Refer
483 .CURDIR A path to the directory where bmake was executed. Refer
484 to the description of `PWD' for more details.
485
484 to the description of `PWD' for more details.
485
486 _._I_N_C_L_U_D_E_D_F_R_O_M_D_I_R
486 .INCLUDEDFROMDIR
487 The directory of the file this Makefile was included
488 from.
489
487 The directory of the file this Makefile was included
488 from.
489
490 _._I_N_C_L_U_D_E_D_F_R_O_M_F_I_L_E
490 .INCLUDEDFROMFILE
491 The filename of the file this Makefile was included from.
492
491 The filename of the file this Makefile was included from.
492
493 MAKE The name that bbmmaakkee was executed with (_a_r_g_v_[_0_]). For
494 compatibility bbmmaakkee also sets _._M_A_K_E with the same value.
493 MAKE The name that bmake was executed with (argv[0]). For
494 compatibility bmake also sets .MAKE with the same value.
495 The preferred variable to use is the environment variable
496 MAKE because it is more compatible with other versions of
495 The preferred variable to use is the environment variable
496 MAKE because it is more compatible with other versions of
497 bbmmaakkee and cannot be confused with the special target with
497 bmake and cannot be confused with the special target with
498 the same name.
499
498 the same name.
499
500 _._M_A_K_E_._D_E_P_E_N_D_F_I_L_E
501 Names the makefile (default `_._d_e_p_e_n_d') from which gener-
500 .MAKE.DEPENDFILE
501 Names the makefile (default `.depend') from which gener-
502 ated dependencies are read.
503
502 ated dependencies are read.
503
504 _._M_A_K_E_._E_X_P_A_N_D___V_A_R_I_A_B_L_E_S
505 A boolean that controls the default behavior of the --VV
506 option. If true, variable values printed with --VV are
504 .MAKE.EXPAND_VARIABLES
505 A boolean that controls the default behavior of the -V
506 option. If true, variable values printed with -V are
507 fully expanded; if false, the raw variable contents
508 (which may include additional unexpanded variable refer-
509 ences) are shown.
510
507 fully expanded; if false, the raw variable contents
508 (which may include additional unexpanded variable refer-
509 ences) are shown.
510
511 _._M_A_K_E_._E_X_P_O_R_T_E_D The list of variables exported by bbmmaakkee.
511 .MAKE.EXPORTED The list of variables exported by bmake.
512
512
513 _._M_A_K_E_._J_O_B_S The argument to the --jj option.
513 .MAKE.JOBS The argument to the -j option.
514
514
515 _._M_A_K_E_._J_O_B_._P_R_E_F_I_X
516 If bbmmaakkee is run with _j then output for each target is
515 .MAKE.JOB.PREFIX
516 If bmake is run with j then output for each target is
517 prefixed with a token `--- target ---' the first part of
517 prefixed with a token `--- target ---' the first part of
518 which can be controlled via _._M_A_K_E_._J_O_B_._P_R_E_F_I_X. If
519 _._M_A_K_E_._J_O_B_._P_R_E_F_I_X is empty, no token is printed.
518 which can be controlled via .MAKE.JOB.PREFIX. If
519 .MAKE.JOB.PREFIX is empty, no token is printed.
520 For example:
521 .MAKE.JOB.PREFIX=${.newline}---${.MAKE:T}[${.MAKE.PID}]
522 would produce tokens like `---make[1234] target ---' mak-
523 ing it easier to track the degree of parallelism being
524 achieved.
525
526 MAKEFLAGS The environment variable `MAKEFLAGS' may contain anything
520 For example:
521 .MAKE.JOB.PREFIX=${.newline}---${.MAKE:T}[${.MAKE.PID}]
522 would produce tokens like `---make[1234] target ---' mak-
523 ing it easier to track the degree of parallelism being
524 achieved.
525
526 MAKEFLAGS The environment variable `MAKEFLAGS' may contain anything
527 that may be specified on bbmmaakkee's command line. Anything
528 specified on bbmmaakkee's command line is appended to the
527 that may be specified on bmake's command line. Anything
528 specified on bmake's command line is appended to the
529 `MAKEFLAGS' variable which is then entered into the envi-
529 `MAKEFLAGS' variable which is then entered into the envi-
530 ronment for all programs which bbmmaakkee executes.
530 ronment for all programs which bmake executes.
531
531
532 _._M_A_K_E_._L_E_V_E_L The recursion depth of bbmmaakkee. The initial instance of
533 bbmmaakkee will be 0, and an incremented value is put into the
532 .MAKE.LEVEL The recursion depth of bmake. The initial instance of
533 bmake will be 0, and an incremented value is put into the
534 environment to be seen by the next generation. This
535 allows tests like: .if ${.MAKE.LEVEL} == 0 to protect
536 things which should only be evaluated in the initial
534 environment to be seen by the next generation. This
535 allows tests like: .if ${.MAKE.LEVEL} == 0 to protect
536 things which should only be evaluated in the initial
537 instance of bbmmaakkee.
537 instance of bmake.
538
538
539 _._M_A_K_E_._M_A_K_E_F_I_L_E___P_R_E_F_E_R_E_N_C_E
540 The ordered list of makefile names (default `_m_a_k_e_f_i_l_e',
541 `_M_a_k_e_f_i_l_e') that bbmmaakkee will look for.
539 .MAKE.MAKEFILE_PREFERENCE
540 The ordered list of makefile names (default `makefile',
541 `Makefile') that bmake will look for.
542
542
543 _._M_A_K_E_._M_A_K_E_F_I_L_E_S
544 The list of makefiles read by bbmmaakkee, which is useful for
543 .MAKE.MAKEFILES
544 The list of makefiles read by bmake, which is useful for
545 tracking dependencies. Each makefile is recorded only
546 once, regardless of the number of times read.
547
545 tracking dependencies. Each makefile is recorded only
546 once, regardless of the number of times read.
547
548 _._M_A_K_E_._M_O_D_E Processed after reading all makefiles. Can affect the
549 mode that bbmmaakkee runs in. It can contain a number of key-
548 .MAKE.MODE Processed after reading all makefiles. Can affect the
549 mode that bmake runs in. It can contain a number of key-
550 words:
551
550 words:
551
552 _c_o_m_p_a_t Like --BB, puts bbmmaakkee into "compat"
552 compat Like -B, puts bmake into "compat"
553 mode.
554
553 mode.
554
555 _m_e_t_a Puts bbmmaakkee into "meta" mode, where
555 meta Puts bmake into "meta" mode, where
556 meta files are created for each tar-
557 get to capture the command run, the
558 output generated and if filemon(4)
559 is available, the system calls which
556 meta files are created for each tar-
557 get to capture the command run, the
558 output generated and if filemon(4)
559 is available, the system calls which
560 are of interest to bbmmaakkee. The cap-
560 are of interest to bmake. The cap-
561 tured output can be very useful when
562 diagnosing errors.
563
561 tured output can be very useful when
562 diagnosing errors.
563
564 _c_u_r_d_i_r_O_k_= _b_f Normally bbmmaakkee will not create .meta
565 files in `_._C_U_R_D_I_R'. This can be
566 overridden by setting _b_f to a value
564 curdirOk= bf Normally bmake will not create .meta
565 files in `.CURDIR'. This can be
566 overridden by setting bf to a value
567 which represents True.
568
567 which represents True.
568
569 _m_i_s_s_i_n_g_-_m_e_t_a_= _b_f If _b_f is True, then a missing .meta
569 missing-meta= bf If bf is True, then a missing .meta
570 file makes the target out-of-date.
571
570 file makes the target out-of-date.
571
572 _m_i_s_s_i_n_g_-_f_i_l_e_m_o_n_= _b_f If _b_f is True, then missing filemon
572 missing-filemon= bf If bf is True, then missing filemon
573 data makes the target out-of-date.
574
573 data makes the target out-of-date.
574
575 _n_o_f_i_l_e_m_o_n Do not use filemon(4).
575 nofilemon Do not use filemon(4).
576
576
577 _e_n_v For debugging, it can be useful to
577 env For debugging, it can be useful to
578 include the environment in the .meta
579 file.
580
578 include the environment in the .meta
579 file.
580
581 _v_e_r_b_o_s_e If in "meta" mode, print a clue
581 verbose If in "meta" mode, print a clue
582 about the target being built. This
583 is useful if the build is otherwise
584 running silently. The message
585 printed the value of:
582 about the target being built. This
583 is useful if the build is otherwise
584 running silently. The message
585 printed the value of:
586 _._M_A_K_E_._M_E_T_A_._P_R_E_F_I_X.
586 .MAKE.META.PREFIX.
587
587
588 _i_g_n_o_r_e_-_c_m_d Some makefiles have commands which
588 ignore-cmd Some makefiles have commands which
589 are simply not stable. This keyword
590 causes them to be ignored for deter-
591 mining whether a target is out of
592 date in "meta" mode. See also
589 are simply not stable. This keyword
590 causes them to be ignored for deter-
591 mining whether a target is out of
592 date in "meta" mode. See also
593 ..NNOOMMEETTAA__CCMMPP.
593 .NOMETA_CMP.
594
594
595 _s_i_l_e_n_t_= _b_f If _b_f is True, when a .meta file is
596 created, mark the target ..SSIILLEENNTT.
595 silent= bf If bf is True, when a .meta file is
596 created, mark the target .SILENT.
597
597
598 _._M_A_K_E_._M_E_T_A_._B_A_I_L_I_W_I_C_K
598 .MAKE.META.BAILIWICK
599 In "meta" mode, provides a list of prefixes which match
599 In "meta" mode, provides a list of prefixes which match
600 the directories controlled by bbmmaakkee. If a file that was
601 generated outside of _._O_B_J_D_I_R but within said bailiwick is
600 the directories controlled by bmake. If a file that was
601 generated outside of .OBJDIR but within said bailiwick is
602 missing, the current target is considered out-of-date.
603
602 missing, the current target is considered out-of-date.
603
604 _._M_A_K_E_._M_E_T_A_._C_R_E_A_T_E_D
604 .MAKE.META.CREATED
605 In "meta" mode, this variable contains a list of all the
606 meta files updated. If not empty, it can be used to
605 In "meta" mode, this variable contains a list of all the
606 meta files updated. If not empty, it can be used to
607 trigger processing of _._M_A_K_E_._M_E_T_A_._F_I_L_E_S.
607 trigger processing of .MAKE.META.FILES.
608
608
609 _._M_A_K_E_._M_E_T_A_._F_I_L_E_S
609 .MAKE.META.FILES
610 In "meta" mode, this variable contains a list of all the
611 meta files used (updated or not). This list can be used
612 to process the meta files to extract dependency informa-
613 tion.
614
610 In "meta" mode, this variable contains a list of all the
611 meta files used (updated or not). This list can be used
612 to process the meta files to extract dependency informa-
613 tion.
614
615 _._M_A_K_E_._M_E_T_A_._I_G_N_O_R_E___P_A_T_H_S
615 .MAKE.META.IGNORE_PATHS
616 Provides a list of path prefixes that should be ignored;
617 because the contents are expected to change over time.
616 Provides a list of path prefixes that should be ignored;
617 because the contents are expected to change over time.
618 The default list includes: `_/_d_e_v _/_e_t_c _/_p_r_o_c _/_t_m_p _/_v_a_r_/_r_u_n
619 _/_v_a_r_/_t_m_p'
618 The default list includes: `/dev /etc /proc /tmp /var/run
619 /var/tmp'
620
620
621 _._M_A_K_E_._M_E_T_A_._I_G_N_O_R_E___P_A_T_T_E_R_N_S
621 .MAKE.META.IGNORE_PATTERNS
622 Provides a list of patterns to match against pathnames.
623 Ignore any that match.
624
622 Provides a list of patterns to match against pathnames.
623 Ignore any that match.
624
625 _._M_A_K_E_._M_E_T_A_._I_G_N_O_R_E___F_I_L_T_E_R
625 .MAKE.META.IGNORE_FILTER
626 Provides a list of variable modifiers to apply to each
627 pathname. Ignore if the expansion is an empty string.
628
626 Provides a list of variable modifiers to apply to each
627 pathname. Ignore if the expansion is an empty string.
628
629 _._M_A_K_E_._M_E_T_A_._P_R_E_F_I_X
629 .MAKE.META.PREFIX
630 Defines the message printed for each meta file updated in
631 "meta verbose" mode. The default value is:
632 Building ${.TARGET:H:tA}/${.TARGET:T}
633
630 Defines the message printed for each meta file updated in
631 "meta verbose" mode. The default value is:
632 Building ${.TARGET:H:tA}/${.TARGET:T}
633
634 _._M_A_K_E_O_V_E_R_R_I_D_E_S This variable is used to record the names of variables
634 .MAKEOVERRIDES This variable is used to record the names of variables
635 assigned to on the command line, so that they may be
636 exported as part of `MAKEFLAGS'. This behavior can be
635 assigned to on the command line, so that they may be
636 exported as part of `MAKEFLAGS'. This behavior can be
637 disabled by assigning an empty value to `_._M_A_K_E_O_V_E_R_R_I_D_E_S'
637 disabled by assigning an empty value to `.MAKEOVERRIDES'
638 within a makefile. Extra variables can be exported from
638 within a makefile. Extra variables can be exported from
639 a makefile by appending their names to `_._M_A_K_E_O_V_E_R_R_I_D_E_S'.
640 `MAKEFLAGS' is re-exported whenever `_._M_A_K_E_O_V_E_R_R_I_D_E_S' is
639 a makefile by appending their names to `.MAKEOVERRIDES'.
640 `MAKEFLAGS' is re-exported whenever `.MAKEOVERRIDES' is
641 modified.
642
641 modified.
642
643 _._M_A_K_E_._P_A_T_H___F_I_L_E_M_O_N
644 If bbmmaakkee was built with filemon(4) support, this is set
643 .MAKE.PATH_FILEMON
644 If bmake was built with filemon(4) support, this is set
645 to the path of the device node. This allows makefiles to
646 test for this support.
647
645 to the path of the device node. This allows makefiles to
646 test for this support.
647
648 _._M_A_K_E_._P_I_D The process-id of bbmmaakkee.
648 .MAKE.PID The process-id of bmake.
649
649
650 _._M_A_K_E_._P_P_I_D The parent process-id of bbmmaakkee.
650 .MAKE.PPID The parent process-id of bmake.
651
651
652 _._M_A_K_E_._S_A_V_E___D_O_L_L_A_R_S
652 .MAKE.SAVE_DOLLARS
653 value should be a boolean that controls whether `$$' are
654 preserved when doing `:=' assignments. The default is
655 false, for backwards compatibility. Set to true for com-
656 patability with other makes. If set to false, `$$'
657 becomes `$' per normal evaluation rules.
658
653 value should be a boolean that controls whether `$$' are
654 preserved when doing `:=' assignments. The default is
655 false, for backwards compatibility. Set to true for com-
656 patability with other makes. If set to false, `$$'
657 becomes `$' per normal evaluation rules.
658
659 _M_A_K_E___P_R_I_N_T___V_A_R___O_N___E_R_R_O_R
660 When bbmmaakkee stops due to an error, it sets `_._E_R_R_O_R___T_A_R_G_E_T'
661 to the name of the target that failed, `_._E_R_R_O_R___C_M_D' to
659 MAKE_PRINT_VAR_ON_ERROR
660 When bmake stops due to an error, it sets `.ERROR_TARGET'
661 to the name of the target that failed, `.ERROR_CMD' to
662 the commands of the failed target, and in "meta" mode, it
662 the commands of the failed target, and in "meta" mode, it
663 also sets `_._E_R_R_O_R___C_W_D' to the getcwd(3), and
664 `_._E_R_R_O_R___M_E_T_A___F_I_L_E' to the path of the meta file (if any)
663 also sets `.ERROR_CWD' to the getcwd(3), and
664 `.ERROR_META_FILE' to the path of the meta file (if any)
665 describing the failed target. It then prints its name
665 describing the failed target. It then prints its name
666 and the value of `_._C_U_R_D_I_R' as well as the value of any
667 variables named in `_M_A_K_E___P_R_I_N_T___V_A_R___O_N___E_R_R_O_R'.
666 and the value of `.CURDIR' as well as the value of any
667 variables named in `MAKE_PRINT_VAR_ON_ERROR'.
668
668
669 _._n_e_w_l_i_n_e This variable is simply assigned a newline character as
670 its value. This allows expansions using the ::@@ modifier
669 .newline This variable is simply assigned a newline character as
670 its value. This allows expansions using the :@ modifier
671 to put a newline between iterations of the loop rather
672 than a space. For example, the printing of
671 to put a newline between iterations of the loop rather
672 than a space. For example, the printing of
673 `_M_A_K_E___P_R_I_N_T___V_A_R___O_N___E_R_R_O_R' could be done as
673 `MAKE_PRINT_VAR_ON_ERROR' could be done as
674 ${MAKE_PRINT_VAR_ON_ERROR:@v@$v='${$v}'${.newline}@}.
675
674 ${MAKE_PRINT_VAR_ON_ERROR:@v@$v='${$v}'${.newline}@}.
675
676 _._O_B_J_D_I_R A path to the directory where the targets are built. Its
676 .OBJDIR A path to the directory where the targets are built. Its
677 value is determined by trying to chdir(2) to the follow-
678 ing directories in order and using the first match:
679
680 1. ${MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX}${.CURDIR}
681
682 (Only if `MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX' is set in the environ-
683 ment or on the command line.)
684
685 2. ${MAKEOBJDIR}
686
687 (Only if `MAKEOBJDIR' is set in the environment or
688 on the command line.)
689
677 value is determined by trying to chdir(2) to the follow-
678 ing directories in order and using the first match:
679
680 1. ${MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX}${.CURDIR}
681
682 (Only if `MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX' is set in the environ-
683 ment or on the command line.)
684
685 2. ${MAKEOBJDIR}
686
687 (Only if `MAKEOBJDIR' is set in the environment or
688 on the command line.)
689
690 3. ${.CURDIR}_/_o_b_j_.${MACHINE}
690 3. ${.CURDIR}/obj.${MACHINE}
691
691
692 4. ${.CURDIR}_/_o_b_j
692 4. ${.CURDIR}/obj
693
693
694 5. _/_u_s_r_/_o_b_j_/${.CURDIR}
694 5. /usr/obj/${.CURDIR}
695
696 6. ${.CURDIR}
697
698 Variable expansion is performed on the value before it's
699 used, so expressions such as
700 ${.CURDIR:S,^/usr/src,/var/obj,}
701 may be used. This is especially useful with
702 `MAKEOBJDIR'.
703
695
696 6. ${.CURDIR}
697
698 Variable expansion is performed on the value before it's
699 used, so expressions such as
700 ${.CURDIR:S,^/usr/src,/var/obj,}
701 may be used. This is especially useful with
702 `MAKEOBJDIR'.
703
704 `_._O_B_J_D_I_R' may be modified in the makefile via the special
705 target `..OOBBJJDDIIRR'. In all cases, bbmmaakkee will chdir(2) to
706 the specified directory if it exists, and set `_._O_B_J_D_I_R'
704 `.OBJDIR' may be modified in the makefile via the special
705 target `.OBJDIR'. In all cases, bmake will chdir(2) to
706 the specified directory if it exists, and set `.OBJDIR'
707 and `PWD' to that directory before executing any targets.
708
707 and `PWD' to that directory before executing any targets.
708
709 _._P_A_R_S_E_D_I_R A path to the directory of the current `_M_a_k_e_f_i_l_e' being
709 .PARSEDIR A path to the directory of the current `Makefile' being
710 parsed.
711
710 parsed.
711
712 _._P_A_R_S_E_F_I_L_E The basename of the current `_M_a_k_e_f_i_l_e' being parsed.
713 This variable and `_._P_A_R_S_E_D_I_R' are both set only while the
714 `_M_a_k_e_f_i_l_e_s' are being parsed. If you want to retain
712 .PARSEFILE The basename of the current `Makefile' being parsed.
713 This variable and `.PARSEDIR' are both set only while the
714 `Makefiles' are being parsed. If you want to retain
715 their current values, assign them to a variable using
715 their current values, assign them to a variable using
716 assignment with expansion: (`::==').
716 assignment with expansion: (`:=').
717
717
718 _._P_A_T_H A variable that represents the list of directories that
719 bbmmaakkee will search for files. The search list should be
720 updated using the target `_._P_A_T_H' rather than the vari-
718 .PATH A variable that represents the list of directories that
719 bmake will search for files. The search list should be
720 updated using the target `.PATH' rather than the vari-
721 able.
722
721 able.
722
723 PWD Alternate path to the current directory. bbmmaakkee normally
724 sets `_._C_U_R_D_I_R' to the canonical path given by getcwd(3).
723 PWD Alternate path to the current directory. bmake normally
724 sets `.CURDIR' to the canonical path given by getcwd(3).
725 However, if the environment variable `PWD' is set and
725 However, if the environment variable `PWD' is set and
726 gives a path to the current directory, then bbmmaakkee sets
727 `_._C_U_R_D_I_R' to the value of `PWD' instead. This behavior
726 gives a path to the current directory, then bmake sets
727 `.CURDIR' to the value of `PWD' instead. This behavior
728 is disabled if `MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX' is set or `MAKEOBJDIR'
729 contains a variable transform. `PWD' is set to the value
728 is disabled if `MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX' is set or `MAKEOBJDIR'
729 contains a variable transform. `PWD' is set to the value
730 of `_._O_B_J_D_I_R' for all programs which bbmmaakkee executes.
730 of `.OBJDIR' for all programs which bmake executes.
731
732 .TARGETS The list of targets explicitly specified on the command
733 line, if any.
734
731
732 .TARGETS The list of targets explicitly specified on the command
733 line, if any.
734
735 VPATH Colon-separated (``:'') lists of directories that bbmmaakkee
735 VPATH Colon-separated (``:'') lists of directories that bmake
736 will search for files. The variable is supported for
736 will search for files. The variable is supported for
737 compatibility with old make programs only, use `_._P_A_T_H'
737 compatibility with old make programs only, use `.PATH'
738 instead.
739
738 instead.
739
740 VVaarriiaabbllee mmooddiiffiieerrss
740 Variable modifiers
741 Variable expansion may be modified to select or modify each word of the
742 variable (where a ``word'' is white-space delimited sequence of charac-
743 ters). The general format of a variable expansion is as follows:
744
745 ${variable[:modifier[:...]]}
746
747 Each modifier begins with a colon, which may be escaped with a backslash
748 (`\').

--- 5 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---

754
755 In this case the first modifier in the modifier_variable does not start
756 with a colon, since that must appear in the referencing variable. If any
757 of the modifiers in the modifier_variable contain a dollar sign (`$'),
758 these must be doubled to avoid early expansion.
759
760 The supported modifiers are:
761
741 Variable expansion may be modified to select or modify each word of the
742 variable (where a ``word'' is white-space delimited sequence of charac-
743 ters). The general format of a variable expansion is as follows:
744
745 ${variable[:modifier[:...]]}
746
747 Each modifier begins with a colon, which may be escaped with a backslash
748 (`\').

--- 5 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---

754
755 In this case the first modifier in the modifier_variable does not start
756 with a colon, since that must appear in the referencing variable. If any
757 of the modifiers in the modifier_variable contain a dollar sign (`$'),
758 these must be doubled to avoid early expansion.
759
760 The supported modifiers are:
761
762 ::EE Replaces each word in the variable with its suffix.
762 :E Replaces each word in the variable with its suffix.
763
763
764 ::HH Replaces each word in the variable with everything but the last com-
764 :H Replaces each word in the variable with everything but the last com-
765 ponent.
766
765 ponent.
766
767 ::MM_p_a_t_t_e_r_n
768 Select only those words that match _p_a_t_t_e_r_n. The standard shell
767 :Mpattern
768 Select only those words that match pattern. The standard shell
769 wildcard characters (`*', `?', and `[]') may be used. The wildcard
770 characters may be escaped with a backslash (`\'). As a consequence
771 of the way values are split into words, matched, and then joined, a
772 construct like
773 ${VAR:M*}
774 will normalize the inter-word spacing, removing all leading and
775 trailing space, and converting multiple consecutive spaces to single
776 spaces.
777
769 wildcard characters (`*', `?', and `[]') may be used. The wildcard
770 characters may be escaped with a backslash (`\'). As a consequence
771 of the way values are split into words, matched, and then joined, a
772 construct like
773 ${VAR:M*}
774 will normalize the inter-word spacing, removing all leading and
775 trailing space, and converting multiple consecutive spaces to single
776 spaces.
777
778 ::NN_p_a_t_t_e_r_n
779 This is identical to `::MM', but selects all words which do not match
780 _p_a_t_t_e_r_n.
778 :Npattern
779 This is identical to `:M', but selects all words which do not match
780 pattern.
781
781
782 ::OO Order every word in variable alphabetically. To sort words in
783 reverse order use the `::OO::[[--11....11]]' combination of modifiers.
782 :O Order every word in variable alphabetically. To sort words in
783 reverse order use the `:O:[-1..1]' combination of modifiers.
784
784
785 ::OOxx Randomize words in variable. The results will be different each
785 :Ox Randomize words in variable. The results will be different each
786 time you are referring to the modified variable; use the assignment
786 time you are referring to the modified variable; use the assignment
787 with expansion (`::==') to prevent such behavior. For example,
787 with expansion (`:=') to prevent such behavior. For example,
788
789 LIST= uno due tre quattro
790 RANDOM_LIST= ${LIST:Ox}
791 STATIC_RANDOM_LIST:= ${LIST:Ox}
792
793 all:
794 @echo "${RANDOM_LIST}"
795 @echo "${RANDOM_LIST}"
796 @echo "${STATIC_RANDOM_LIST}"
797 @echo "${STATIC_RANDOM_LIST}"
798 may produce output similar to:
799
800 quattro due tre uno
801 tre due quattro uno
802 due uno quattro tre
803 due uno quattro tre
804
788
789 LIST= uno due tre quattro
790 RANDOM_LIST= ${LIST:Ox}
791 STATIC_RANDOM_LIST:= ${LIST:Ox}
792
793 all:
794 @echo "${RANDOM_LIST}"
795 @echo "${RANDOM_LIST}"
796 @echo "${STATIC_RANDOM_LIST}"
797 @echo "${STATIC_RANDOM_LIST}"
798 may produce output similar to:
799
800 quattro due tre uno
801 tre due quattro uno
802 due uno quattro tre
803 due uno quattro tre
804
805 ::QQ Quotes every shell meta-character in the variable, so that it can be
806 passed safely through recursive invocations of bbmmaakkee.
805 :Q Quotes every shell meta-character in the variable, so that it can be
806 passed safely through recursive invocations of bmake.
807
807
808 ::RR Replaces each word in the variable with everything but its suffix.
808 :R Replaces each word in the variable with everything but its suffix.
809
809
810 ::rraannggee[[==ccoouunntt]]
810 :range[=count]
811 The value is an integer sequence representing the words of the orig-
811 The value is an integer sequence representing the words of the orig-
812 inal value, or the supplied _c_o_u_n_t.
812 inal value, or the supplied count.
813
813
814 ::ggmmttiimmee[[==uuttcc]]
814 :gmtime[=utc]
815 The value is a format string for strftime(3), using gmtime(3). If a
815 The value is a format string for strftime(3), using gmtime(3). If a
816 _u_t_c value is not provided or is 0, the current time is used.
816 utc value is not provided or is 0, the current time is used.
817
817
818 ::hhaasshh
818 :hash
819 Compute a 32-bit hash of the value and encode it as hex digits.
820
819 Compute a 32-bit hash of the value and encode it as hex digits.
820
821 ::llooccaallttiimmee[[==uuttcc]]
821 :localtime[=utc]
822 The value is a format string for strftime(3), using localtime(3).
822 The value is a format string for strftime(3), using localtime(3).
823 If a _u_t_c value is not provided or is 0, the current time is used.
823 If a utc value is not provided or is 0, the current time is used.
824
824
825 ::ttAA Attempt to convert variable to an absolute path using realpath(3),
825 :tA Attempt to convert variable to an absolute path using realpath(3),
826 if that fails, the value is unchanged.
827
826 if that fails, the value is unchanged.
827
828 ::ttll Converts variable to lower-case letters.
828 :tl Converts variable to lower-case letters.
829
829
830 ::ttss_c
830 :tsc
831 Words in the variable are normally separated by a space on expan-
831 Words in the variable are normally separated by a space on expan-
832 sion. This modifier sets the separator to the character _c. If _c is
832 sion. This modifier sets the separator to the character c. If c is
833 omitted, then no separator is used. The common escapes (including
834 octal numeric codes), work as expected.
835
833 omitted, then no separator is used. The common escapes (including
834 octal numeric codes), work as expected.
835
836 ::ttuu Converts variable to upper-case letters.
836 :tu Converts variable to upper-case letters.
837
837
838 ::ttWW Causes the value to be treated as a single word (possibly containing
839 embedded white space). See also `::[[**]]'.
838 :tW Causes the value to be treated as a single word (possibly containing
839 embedded white space). See also `:[*]'.
840
840
841 ::ttww Causes the value to be treated as a sequence of words delimited by
842 white space. See also `::[[@@]]'.
841 :tw Causes the value to be treated as a sequence of words delimited by
842 white space. See also `:[@]'.
843
843
844 ::SS/_o_l_d___s_t_r_i_n_g/_n_e_w___s_t_r_i_n_g/[11ggWW]
845 Modify the first occurrence of _o_l_d___s_t_r_i_n_g in the variable's value,
846 replacing it with _n_e_w___s_t_r_i_n_g. If a `g' is appended to the last
844 :S/old_string/new_string/[1gW]
845 Modify the first occurrence of old_string in the variable's value,
846 replacing it with new_string. If a `g' is appended to the last
847 slash of the pattern, all occurrences in each word are replaced. If
848 a `1' is appended to the last slash of the pattern, only the first
849 word is affected. If a `W' is appended to the last slash of the
850 pattern, then the value is treated as a single word (possibly con-
847 slash of the pattern, all occurrences in each word are replaced. If
848 a `1' is appended to the last slash of the pattern, only the first
849 word is affected. If a `W' is appended to the last slash of the
850 pattern, then the value is treated as a single word (possibly con-
851 taining embedded white space). If _o_l_d___s_t_r_i_n_g begins with a caret
852 (`^'), _o_l_d___s_t_r_i_n_g is anchored at the beginning of each word. If
853 _o_l_d___s_t_r_i_n_g ends with a dollar sign (`$'), it is anchored at the end
854 of each word. Inside _n_e_w___s_t_r_i_n_g, an ampersand (`&') is replaced by
855 _o_l_d___s_t_r_i_n_g (without any `^' or `$'). Any character may be used as a
851 taining embedded white space). If old_string begins with a caret
852 (`^'), old_string is anchored at the beginning of each word. If
853 old_string ends with a dollar sign (`$'), it is anchored at the end
854 of each word. Inside new_string, an ampersand (`&') is replaced by
855 old_string (without any `^' or `$'). Any character may be used as a
856 delimiter for the parts of the modifier string. The anchoring,
857 ampersand and delimiter characters may be escaped with a backslash
858 (`\').
859
860 Variable expansion occurs in the normal fashion inside both
856 delimiter for the parts of the modifier string. The anchoring,
857 ampersand and delimiter characters may be escaped with a backslash
858 (`\').
859
860 Variable expansion occurs in the normal fashion inside both
861 _o_l_d___s_t_r_i_n_g and _n_e_w___s_t_r_i_n_g with the single exception that a backslash
861 old_string and new_string with the single exception that a backslash
862 is used to prevent the expansion of a dollar sign (`$'), not a pre-
863 ceding dollar sign as is usual.
864
862 is used to prevent the expansion of a dollar sign (`$'), not a pre-
863 ceding dollar sign as is usual.
864
865 ::CC/_p_a_t_t_e_r_n/_r_e_p_l_a_c_e_m_e_n_t/[11ggWW]
866 The ::CC modifier is just like the ::SS modifier except that the old and
865 :C/pattern/replacement/[1gW]
866 The :C modifier is just like the :S modifier except that the old and
867 new strings, instead of being simple strings, are an extended regu-
867 new strings, instead of being simple strings, are an extended regu-
868 lar expression (see regex(3)) string _p_a_t_t_e_r_n and an ed(1)-style
869 string _r_e_p_l_a_c_e_m_e_n_t. Normally, the first occurrence of the pattern
870 _p_a_t_t_e_r_n in each word of the value is substituted with _r_e_p_l_a_c_e_m_e_n_t.
868 lar expression (see regex(3)) string pattern and an ed(1)-style
869 string replacement. Normally, the first occurrence of the pattern
870 pattern in each word of the value is substituted with replacement.
871 The `1' modifier causes the substitution to apply to at most one
872 word; the `g' modifier causes the substitution to apply to as many
871 The `1' modifier causes the substitution to apply to at most one
872 word; the `g' modifier causes the substitution to apply to as many
873 instances of the search pattern _p_a_t_t_e_r_n as occur in the word or
873 instances of the search pattern pattern as occur in the word or
874 words it is found in; the `W' modifier causes the value to be
875 treated as a single word (possibly containing embedded white space).
876 Note that `1' and `g' are orthogonal; the former specifies whether
877 multiple words are potentially affected, the latter whether multiple
878 substitutions can potentially occur within each affected word.
879
874 words it is found in; the `W' modifier causes the value to be
875 treated as a single word (possibly containing embedded white space).
876 Note that `1' and `g' are orthogonal; the former specifies whether
877 multiple words are potentially affected, the latter whether multiple
878 substitutions can potentially occur within each affected word.
879
880 As for the ::SS modifier, the _p_a_t_t_e_r_n and _r_e_p_l_a_c_e_m_e_n_t are subjected to
880 As for the :S modifier, the pattern and replacement are subjected to
881 variable expansion before being parsed as regular expressions.
882
881 variable expansion before being parsed as regular expressions.
882
883 ::TT Replaces each word in the variable with its last component.
883 :T Replaces each word in the variable with its last component.
884
884
885 ::uu Remove adjacent duplicate words (like uniq(1)).
885 :u Remove adjacent duplicate words (like uniq(1)).
886
886
887 ::??_t_r_u_e___s_t_r_i_n_g::_f_a_l_s_e___s_t_r_i_n_g
887 :?true_string:false_string
888 If the variable name (not its value), when parsed as a .if condi-
889 tional expression, evaluates to true, return as its value the
888 If the variable name (not its value), when parsed as a .if condi-
889 tional expression, evaluates to true, return as its value the
890 _t_r_u_e___s_t_r_i_n_g, otherwise return the _f_a_l_s_e___s_t_r_i_n_g. Since the variable
890 true_string, otherwise return the false_string. Since the variable
891 name is used as the expression, :? must be the first modifier after
892 the variable name itself - which will, of course, usually contain
893 variable expansions. A common error is trying to use expressions
894 like
895 ${NUMBERS:M42:?match:no}
896 which actually tests defined(NUMBERS), to determine is any words
897 match "42" you need to use something like:
898 ${"${NUMBERS:M42}" != "":?match:no}.
899
891 name is used as the expression, :? must be the first modifier after
892 the variable name itself - which will, of course, usually contain
893 variable expansions. A common error is trying to use expressions
894 like
895 ${NUMBERS:M42:?match:no}
896 which actually tests defined(NUMBERS), to determine is any words
897 match "42" you need to use something like:
898 ${"${NUMBERS:M42}" != "":?match:no}.
899
900 _:_o_l_d___s_t_r_i_n_g_=_n_e_w___s_t_r_i_n_g
900 :old_string=new_string
901 This is the AT&T System V UNIX style variable substitution. It must
901 This is the AT&T System V UNIX style variable substitution. It must
902 be the last modifier specified. If _o_l_d___s_t_r_i_n_g or _n_e_w___s_t_r_i_n_g do not
903 contain the pattern matching character _% then it is assumed that
902 be the last modifier specified. If old_string or new_string do not
903 contain the pattern matching character % then it is assumed that
904 they are anchored at the end of each word, so only suffixes or
904 they are anchored at the end of each word, so only suffixes or
905 entire words may be replaced. Otherwise _% is the substring of
906 _o_l_d___s_t_r_i_n_g to be replaced in _n_e_w___s_t_r_i_n_g.
905 entire words may be replaced. Otherwise % is the substring of
906 old_string to be replaced in new_string.
907
908 Variable expansion occurs in the normal fashion inside both
907
908 Variable expansion occurs in the normal fashion inside both
909 _o_l_d___s_t_r_i_n_g and _n_e_w___s_t_r_i_n_g with the single exception that a backslash
909 old_string and new_string with the single exception that a backslash
910 is used to prevent the expansion of a dollar sign (`$'), not a pre-
911 ceding dollar sign as is usual.
912
910 is used to prevent the expansion of a dollar sign (`$'), not a pre-
911 ceding dollar sign as is usual.
912
913 ::@@_t_e_m_p@@_s_t_r_i_n_g@@
913 :@temp@string@
914 This is the loop expansion mechanism from the OSF Development Envi-
914 This is the loop expansion mechanism from the OSF Development Envi-
915 ronment (ODE) make. Unlike ..ffoorr loops expansion occurs at the time
916 of reference. Assign _t_e_m_p to each word in the variable and evaluate
917 _s_t_r_i_n_g. The ODE convention is that _t_e_m_p should start and end with a
915 ronment (ODE) make. Unlike .for loops expansion occurs at the time
916 of reference. Assign temp to each word in the variable and evaluate
917 string. The ODE convention is that temp should start and end with a
918 period. For example.
919 ${LINKS:@.LINK.@${LN} ${TARGET} ${.LINK.}@}
920
921 However a single character variable is often more readable:
922 ${MAKE_PRINT_VAR_ON_ERROR:@v@$v='${$v}'${.newline}@}
923
918 period. For example.
919 ${LINKS:@.LINK.@${LN} ${TARGET} ${.LINK.}@}
920
921 However a single character variable is often more readable:
922 ${MAKE_PRINT_VAR_ON_ERROR:@v@$v='${$v}'${.newline}@}
923
924 ::__[[==vvaarr]]
925 Save the current variable value in `$_' or the named _v_a_r for later
924 :_[=var]
925 Save the current variable value in `$_' or the named var for later
926 reference. Example usage:
927
928 M_cmpv.units = 1 1000 1000000
929 M_cmpv = S,., ,g:_:range:@i@+ $${_:[-$$i]} \
930 \* $${M_cmpv.units:[$$i]}@:S,^,expr 0 ,1:sh
931
932 .if ${VERSION:${M_cmpv}} < ${3.1.12:L:${M_cmpv}}
933
934 Here `$_' is used to save the result of the `:S' modifier which is
935 later referenced using the index values from `:range'.
936
926 reference. Example usage:
927
928 M_cmpv.units = 1 1000 1000000
929 M_cmpv = S,., ,g:_:range:@i@+ $${_:[-$$i]} \
930 \* $${M_cmpv.units:[$$i]}@:S,^,expr 0 ,1:sh
931
932 .if ${VERSION:${M_cmpv}} < ${3.1.12:L:${M_cmpv}}
933
934 Here `$_' is used to save the result of the `:S' modifier which is
935 later referenced using the index values from `:range'.
936
937 ::UU_n_e_w_v_a_l
938 If the variable is undefined _n_e_w_v_a_l is the value. If the variable
937 :Unewval
938 If the variable is undefined newval is the value. If the variable
939 is defined, the existing value is returned. This is another ODE
940 make feature. It is handy for setting per-target CFLAGS for
941 instance:
942 ${_${.TARGET:T}_CFLAGS:U${DEF_CFLAGS}}
943 If a value is only required if the variable is undefined, use:
944 ${VAR:D:Unewval}
945
939 is defined, the existing value is returned. This is another ODE
940 make feature. It is handy for setting per-target CFLAGS for
941 instance:
942 ${_${.TARGET:T}_CFLAGS:U${DEF_CFLAGS}}
943 If a value is only required if the variable is undefined, use:
944 ${VAR:D:Unewval}
945
946 ::DD_n_e_w_v_a_l
947 If the variable is defined _n_e_w_v_a_l is the value.
946 :Dnewval
947 If the variable is defined newval is the value.
948
948
949 ::LL The name of the variable is the value.
949 :L The name of the variable is the value.
950
950
951 ::PP The path of the node which has the same name as the variable is the
951 :P The path of the node which has the same name as the variable is the
952 value. If no such node exists or its path is null, then the name of
953 the variable is used. In order for this modifier to work, the name
954 (node) must at least have appeared on the rhs of a dependency.
955
952 value. If no such node exists or its path is null, then the name of
953 the variable is used. In order for this modifier to work, the name
954 (node) must at least have appeared on the rhs of a dependency.
955
956 ::!!_c_m_d!!
957 The output of running _c_m_d is the value.
956 :!cmd!
957 The output of running cmd is the value.
958
958
959 ::sshh If the variable is non-empty it is run as a command and the output
959 :sh If the variable is non-empty it is run as a command and the output
960 becomes the new value.
961
960 becomes the new value.
961
962 ::::==_s_t_r
963 The variable is assigned the value _s_t_r after substitution. This
962 ::=str
963 The variable is assigned the value str after substitution. This
964 modifier and its variations are useful in obscure situations such as
965 wanting to set a variable when shell commands are being parsed.
966 These assignment modifiers always expand to nothing, so if appearing
967 in a rule line by themselves should be preceded with something to
964 modifier and its variations are useful in obscure situations such as
965 wanting to set a variable when shell commands are being parsed.
966 These assignment modifiers always expand to nothing, so if appearing
967 in a rule line by themselves should be preceded with something to
968 keep bbmmaakkee happy.
968 keep bmake happy.
969
969
970 The `::::' helps avoid false matches with the AT&T System V UNIX style
971 ::== modifier and since substitution always occurs the ::::== form is
970 The `::' helps avoid false matches with the AT&T System V UNIX style
971 := modifier and since substitution always occurs the ::= form is
972 vaguely appropriate.
973
972 vaguely appropriate.
973
974 ::::??==_s_t_r
975 As for ::::== but only if the variable does not already have a value.
974 ::?=str
975 As for ::= but only if the variable does not already have a value.
976
976
977 ::::++==_s_t_r
978 Append _s_t_r to the variable.
977 ::+=str
978 Append str to the variable.
979
979
980 ::::!!==_c_m_d
981 Assign the output of _c_m_d to the variable.
980 ::!=cmd
981 Assign the output of cmd to the variable.
982
982
983 ::[[_r_a_n_g_e]]
983 :[range]
984 Selects one or more words from the value, or performs other opera-
985 tions related to the way in which the value is divided into words.
986
987 Ordinarily, a value is treated as a sequence of words delimited by
988 white space. Some modifiers suppress this behavior, causing a value
989 to be treated as a single word (possibly containing embedded white
990 space). An empty value, or a value that consists entirely of white-
984 Selects one or more words from the value, or performs other opera-
985 tions related to the way in which the value is divided into words.
986
987 Ordinarily, a value is treated as a sequence of words delimited by
988 white space. Some modifiers suppress this behavior, causing a value
989 to be treated as a single word (possibly containing embedded white
990 space). An empty value, or a value that consists entirely of white-
991 space, is treated as a single word. For the purposes of the `::[[]]'
991 space, is treated as a single word. For the purposes of the `:[]'
992 modifier, the words are indexed both forwards using positive inte-
993 gers (where index 1 represents the first word), and backwards using
994 negative integers (where index -1 represents the last word).
995
992 modifier, the words are indexed both forwards using positive inte-
993 gers (where index 1 represents the first word), and backwards using
994 negative integers (where index -1 represents the last word).
995
996 The _r_a_n_g_e is subjected to variable expansion, and the expanded
996 The range is subjected to variable expansion, and the expanded
997 result is then interpreted as follows:
998
997 result is then interpreted as follows:
998
999 _i_n_d_e_x Selects a single word from the value.
999 index Selects a single word from the value.
1000
1000
1001 _s_t_a_r_t...._e_n_d
1002 Selects all words from _s_t_a_r_t to _e_n_d, inclusive. For example,
1003 `::[[22....--11]]' selects all words from the second word to the last
1004 word. If _s_t_a_r_t is greater than _e_n_d, then the words are out-
1005 put in reverse order. For example, `::[[--11....11]]' selects all
1001 start..end
1002 Selects all words from start to end, inclusive. For example,
1003 `:[2..-1]' selects all words from the second word to the last
1004 word. If start is greater than end, then the words are out-
1005 put in reverse order. For example, `:[-1..1]' selects all
1006 the words from last to first.
1007
1006 the words from last to first.
1007
1008 ** Causes subsequent modifiers to treat the value as a single
1008 * Causes subsequent modifiers to treat the value as a single
1009 word (possibly containing embedded white space). Analogous
1010 to the effect of "$*" in Bourne shell.
1011
1009 word (possibly containing embedded white space). Analogous
1010 to the effect of "$*" in Bourne shell.
1011
1012 0 Means the same as `::[[**]]'.
1012 0 Means the same as `:[*]'.
1013
1013
1014 @@ Causes subsequent modifiers to treat the value as a sequence
1014 @ Causes subsequent modifiers to treat the value as a sequence
1015 of words delimited by white space. Analogous to the effect
1016 of "$@" in Bourne shell.
1017
1015 of words delimited by white space. Analogous to the effect
1016 of "$@" in Bourne shell.
1017
1018 ## Returns the number of words in the value.
1018 # Returns the number of words in the value.
1019
1019
1020IINNCCLLUUDDEE SSTTAATTEEMMEENNTTSS,, CCOONNDDIITTIIOONNAALLSS AANNDD FFOORR LLOOOOPPSS
1020INCLUDE STATEMENTS, CONDITIONALS AND FOR LOOPS
1021 Makefile inclusion, conditional structures and for loops reminiscent of
1021 Makefile inclusion, conditional structures and for loops reminiscent of
1022 the C programming language are provided in bbmmaakkee. All such structures
1022 the C programming language are provided in bmake. All such structures
1023 are identified by a line beginning with a single dot (`.') character.
1023 are identified by a line beginning with a single dot (`.') character.
1024 Files are included with either ..iinncclluuddee <_f_i_l_e> or ..iinncclluuddee "_f_i_l_e". Vari-
1024 Files are included with either .include <file> or .include "file". Vari-
1025 ables between the angle brackets or double quotes are expanded to form
1026 the file name. If angle brackets are used, the included makefile is
1027 expected to be in the system makefile directory. If double quotes are
1028 used, the including makefile's directory and any directories specified
1025 ables between the angle brackets or double quotes are expanded to form
1026 the file name. If angle brackets are used, the included makefile is
1027 expected to be in the system makefile directory. If double quotes are
1028 used, the including makefile's directory and any directories specified
1029 using the --II option are searched before the system makefile directory.
1030 For compatibility with other versions of bbmmaakkee `include file ...' is also
1029 using the -I option are searched before the system makefile directory.
1030 For compatibility with other versions of bmake `include file ...' is also
1031 accepted.
1032
1031 accepted.
1032
1033 If the include statement is written as ..--iinncclluuddee or as ..ssiinncclluuddee then
1033 If the include statement is written as .-include or as .sinclude then
1034 errors locating and/or opening include files are ignored.
1035
1034 errors locating and/or opening include files are ignored.
1035
1036 If the include statement is written as ..ddiinncclluuddee not only are errors
1036 If the include statement is written as .dinclude not only are errors
1037 locating and/or opening include files ignored, but stale dependencies
1037 locating and/or opening include files ignored, but stale dependencies
1038 within the included file will be ignored just like _._M_A_K_E_._D_E_P_E_N_D_F_I_L_E.
1038 within the included file will be ignored just like .MAKE.DEPENDFILE.
1039
1040 Conditional expressions are also preceded by a single dot as the first
1041 character of a line. The possible conditionals are as follows:
1042
1039
1040 Conditional expressions are also preceded by a single dot as the first
1041 character of a line. The possible conditionals are as follows:
1042
1043 ..eerrrroorr _m_e_s_s_a_g_e
1043 .error message
1044 The message is printed along with the name of the makefile and
1044 The message is printed along with the name of the makefile and
1045 line number, then bbmmaakkee will exit.
1045 line number, then bmake will exit.
1046
1046
1047 ..eexxppoorrtt _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e _._._.
1047 .export variable ...
1048 Export the specified global variable. If no variable list is
1049 provided, all globals are exported except for internal variables
1048 Export the specified global variable. If no variable list is
1049 provided, all globals are exported except for internal variables
1050 (those that start with `.'). This is not affected by the --XX
1050 (those that start with `.'). This is not affected by the -X
1051 flag, so should be used with caution. For compatibility with
1051 flag, so should be used with caution. For compatibility with
1052 other bbmmaakkee programs `export variable=value' is also accepted.
1052 other bmake programs `export variable=value' is also accepted.
1053
1053
1054 Appending a variable name to _._M_A_K_E_._E_X_P_O_R_T_E_D is equivalent to
1054 Appending a variable name to .MAKE.EXPORTED is equivalent to
1055 exporting a variable.
1056
1055 exporting a variable.
1056
1057 ..eexxppoorrtt--eennvv _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e _._._.
1057 .export-env variable ...
1058 The same as `.export', except that the variable is not appended
1058 The same as `.export', except that the variable is not appended
1059 to _._M_A_K_E_._E_X_P_O_R_T_E_D. This allows exporting a value to the environ-
1060 ment which is different from that used by bbmmaakkee internally.
1059 to .MAKE.EXPORTED. This allows exporting a value to the environ-
1060 ment which is different from that used by bmake internally.
1061
1061
1062 ..eexxppoorrtt--lliitteerraall _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e _._._.
1062 .export-literal variable ...
1063 The same as `.export-env', except that variables in the value are
1064 not expanded.
1065
1063 The same as `.export-env', except that variables in the value are
1064 not expanded.
1065
1066 ..iinnffoo _m_e_s_s_a_g_e
1066 .info message
1067 The message is printed along with the name of the makefile and
1068 line number.
1069
1067 The message is printed along with the name of the makefile and
1068 line number.
1069
1070 ..uunnddeeff _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e
1070 .undef variable
1071 Un-define the specified global variable. Only global variables
1072 may be un-defined.
1073
1071 Un-define the specified global variable. Only global variables
1072 may be un-defined.
1073
1074 ..uunneexxppoorrtt _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e _._._.
1075 The opposite of `.export'. The specified global _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e will be
1076 removed from _._M_A_K_E_._E_X_P_O_R_T_E_D. If no variable list is provided,
1077 all globals are unexported, and _._M_A_K_E_._E_X_P_O_R_T_E_D deleted.
1074 .unexport variable ...
1075 The opposite of `.export'. The specified global variable will be
1076 removed from .MAKE.EXPORTED. If no variable list is provided,
1077 all globals are unexported, and .MAKE.EXPORTED deleted.
1078
1078
1079 ..uunneexxppoorrtt--eennvv
1079 .unexport-env
1080 Unexport all globals previously exported and clear the environ-
1081 ment inherited from the parent. This operation will cause a mem-
1082 ory leak of the original environment, so should be used spar-
1080 Unexport all globals previously exported and clear the environ-
1081 ment inherited from the parent. This operation will cause a mem-
1082 ory leak of the original environment, so should be used spar-
1083 ingly. Testing for _._M_A_K_E_._L_E_V_E_L being 0, would make sense. Also
1083 ingly. Testing for .MAKE.LEVEL being 0, would make sense. Also
1084 note that any variables which originated in the parent environ-
1085 ment should be explicitly preserved if desired. For example:
1086
1087 .if ${.MAKE.LEVEL} == 0
1088 PATH := ${PATH}
1089 .unexport-env
1090 .export PATH
1091 .endif
1092
1093 Would result in an environment containing only `PATH', which is
1094 the minimal useful environment. Actually `.MAKE.LEVEL' will also
1095 be pushed into the new environment.
1096
1084 note that any variables which originated in the parent environ-
1085 ment should be explicitly preserved if desired. For example:
1086
1087 .if ${.MAKE.LEVEL} == 0
1088 PATH := ${PATH}
1089 .unexport-env
1090 .export PATH
1091 .endif
1092
1093 Would result in an environment containing only `PATH', which is
1094 the minimal useful environment. Actually `.MAKE.LEVEL' will also
1095 be pushed into the new environment.
1096
1097 ..wwaarrnniinngg _m_e_s_s_a_g_e
1098 The message prefixed by `_w_a_r_n_i_n_g_:' is printed along with the name
1097 .warning message
1098 The message prefixed by `warning:' is printed along with the name
1099 of the makefile and line number.
1100
1099 of the makefile and line number.
1100
1101 ..iiff [!]_e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n [_o_p_e_r_a_t_o_r _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n _._._.]
1101 .if [!]expression [operator expression ...]
1102 Test the value of an expression.
1103
1102 Test the value of an expression.
1103
1104 ..iiffddeeff [!]_v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e [_o_p_e_r_a_t_o_r _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e _._._.]
1104 .ifdef [!]variable [operator variable ...]
1105 Test the value of a variable.
1106
1105 Test the value of a variable.
1106
1107 ..iiffnnddeeff [!]_v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e [_o_p_e_r_a_t_o_r _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e _._._.]
1107 .ifndef [!]variable [operator variable ...]
1108 Test the value of a variable.
1109
1108 Test the value of a variable.
1109
1110 ..iiffmmaakkee [!]_t_a_r_g_e_t [_o_p_e_r_a_t_o_r _t_a_r_g_e_t _._._.]
1110 .ifmake [!]target [operator target ...]
1111 Test the target being built.
1112
1111 Test the target being built.
1112
1113 ..iiffnnmmaakkee [!] _t_a_r_g_e_t [_o_p_e_r_a_t_o_r _t_a_r_g_e_t _._._.]
1113 .ifnmake [!] target [operator target ...]
1114 Test the target being built.
1115
1114 Test the target being built.
1115
1116 ..eellssee Reverse the sense of the last conditional.
1116 .else Reverse the sense of the last conditional.
1117
1117
1118 ..eelliiff [!] _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n [_o_p_e_r_a_t_o_r _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n _._._.]
1119 A combination of `..eellssee' followed by `..iiff'.
1118 .elif [!] expression [operator expression ...]
1119 A combination of `.else' followed by `.if'.
1120
1120
1121 ..eelliiffddeeff [!]_v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e [_o_p_e_r_a_t_o_r _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e _._._.]
1122 A combination of `..eellssee' followed by `..iiffddeeff'.
1121 .elifdef [!]variable [operator variable ...]
1122 A combination of `.else' followed by `.ifdef'.
1123
1123
1124 ..eelliiffnnddeeff [!]_v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e [_o_p_e_r_a_t_o_r _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e _._._.]
1125 A combination of `..eellssee' followed by `..iiffnnddeeff'.
1124 .elifndef [!]variable [operator variable ...]
1125 A combination of `.else' followed by `.ifndef'.
1126
1126
1127 ..eelliiffmmaakkee [!]_t_a_r_g_e_t [_o_p_e_r_a_t_o_r _t_a_r_g_e_t _._._.]
1128 A combination of `..eellssee' followed by `..iiffmmaakkee'.
1127 .elifmake [!]target [operator target ...]
1128 A combination of `.else' followed by `.ifmake'.
1129
1129
1130 ..eelliiffnnmmaakkee [!]_t_a_r_g_e_t [_o_p_e_r_a_t_o_r _t_a_r_g_e_t _._._.]
1131 A combination of `..eellssee' followed by `..iiffnnmmaakkee'.
1130 .elifnmake [!]target [operator target ...]
1131 A combination of `.else' followed by `.ifnmake'.
1132
1132
1133 ..eennddiiff End the body of the conditional.
1133 .endif End the body of the conditional.
1134
1134
1135 The _o_p_e_r_a_t_o_r may be any one of the following:
1135 The operator may be any one of the following:
1136
1136
1137 |||| Logical OR.
1137 || Logical OR.
1138
1138
1139 &&&& Logical AND; of higher precedence than ``||''.
1139 && Logical AND; of higher precedence than ``||''.
1140
1140
1141 As in C, bbmmaakkee will only evaluate a conditional as far as is necessary to
1141 As in C, bmake will only evaluate a conditional as far as is necessary to
1142 determine its value. Parentheses may be used to change the order of
1142 determine its value. Parentheses may be used to change the order of
1143 evaluation. The boolean operator `!!' may be used to logically negate an
1144 entire conditional. It is of higher precedence than `&&&&'.
1143 evaluation. The boolean operator `!' may be used to logically negate an
1144 entire conditional. It is of higher precedence than `&&'.
1145
1145
1146 The value of _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n may be any of the following:
1146 The value of expression may be any of the following:
1147
1147
1148 ddeeffiinneedd Takes a variable name as an argument and evaluates to true if
1148 defined Takes a variable name as an argument and evaluates to true if
1149 the variable has been defined.
1150
1149 the variable has been defined.
1150
1151 mmaakkee Takes a target name as an argument and evaluates to true if the
1152 target was specified as part of bbmmaakkee's command line or was
1151 make Takes a target name as an argument and evaluates to true if the
1152 target was specified as part of bmake's command line or was
1153 declared the default target (either implicitly or explicitly,
1153 declared the default target (either implicitly or explicitly,
1154 see _._M_A_I_N) before the line containing the conditional.
1154 see .MAIN) before the line containing the conditional.
1155
1155
1156 eemmppttyy Takes a variable, with possible modifiers, and evaluates to true
1156 empty Takes a variable, with possible modifiers, and evaluates to true
1157 if the expansion of the variable would result in an empty
1158 string.
1159
1157 if the expansion of the variable would result in an empty
1158 string.
1159
1160 eexxiissttss Takes a file name as an argument and evaluates to true if the
1160 exists Takes a file name as an argument and evaluates to true if the
1161 file exists. The file is searched for on the system search path
1161 file exists. The file is searched for on the system search path
1162 (see _._P_A_T_H).
1162 (see .PATH).
1163
1163
1164 ttaarrggeett Takes a target name as an argument and evaluates to true if the
1164 target Takes a target name as an argument and evaluates to true if the
1165 target has been defined.
1166
1165 target has been defined.
1166
1167 ccoommmmaannddss
1167 commands
1168 Takes a target name as an argument and evaluates to true if the
1169 target has been defined and has commands associated with it.
1170
1168 Takes a target name as an argument and evaluates to true if the
1169 target has been defined and has commands associated with it.
1170
1171 _E_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n may also be an arithmetic or string comparison. Variable
1171 Expression may also be an arithmetic or string comparison. Variable
1172 expansion is performed on both sides of the comparison, after which the
1173 integral values are compared. A value is interpreted as hexadecimal if
1174 it is preceded by 0x, otherwise it is decimal; octal numbers are not sup-
1175 ported. The standard C relational operators are all supported. If after
1172 expansion is performed on both sides of the comparison, after which the
1173 integral values are compared. A value is interpreted as hexadecimal if
1174 it is preceded by 0x, otherwise it is decimal; octal numbers are not sup-
1175 ported. The standard C relational operators are all supported. If after
1176 variable expansion, either the left or right hand side of a `====' or `!!=='
1176 variable expansion, either the left or right hand side of a `==' or `!='
1177 operator is not an integral value, then string comparison is performed
1178 between the expanded variables. If no relational operator is given, it
1179 is assumed that the expanded variable is being compared against 0 or an
1180 empty string in the case of a string comparison.
1181
1177 operator is not an integral value, then string comparison is performed
1178 between the expanded variables. If no relational operator is given, it
1179 is assumed that the expanded variable is being compared against 0 or an
1180 empty string in the case of a string comparison.
1181
1182 When bbmmaakkee is evaluating one of these conditional expressions, and it
1182 When bmake is evaluating one of these conditional expressions, and it
1183 encounters a (white-space separated) word it doesn't recognize, either
1184 the ``make'' or ``defined'' expression is applied to it, depending on the
1183 encounters a (white-space separated) word it doesn't recognize, either
1184 the ``make'' or ``defined'' expression is applied to it, depending on the
1185 form of the conditional. If the form is `..iiffddeeff', `..iiffnnddeeff', or `..iiff'
1185 form of the conditional. If the form is `.ifdef', `.ifndef', or `.if'
1186 the ``defined'' expression is applied. Similarly, if the form is
1186 the ``defined'' expression is applied. Similarly, if the form is
1187 `..iiffmmaakkee' or `..iiffnnmmaakkee, tthhee' ``make'' expression is applied.
1187 `.ifmake' or `.ifnmake, the' ``make'' expression is applied.
1188
1189 If the conditional evaluates to true the parsing of the makefile contin-
1190 ues as before. If it evaluates to false, the following lines are
1188
1189 If the conditional evaluates to true the parsing of the makefile contin-
1190 ues as before. If it evaluates to false, the following lines are
1191 skipped. In both cases this continues until a `..eellssee' or `..eennddiiff' is
1191 skipped. In both cases this continues until a `.else' or `.endif' is
1192 found.
1193
1194 For loops are typically used to apply a set of rules to a list of files.
1195 The syntax of a for loop is:
1196
1192 found.
1193
1194 For loops are typically used to apply a set of rules to a list of files.
1195 The syntax of a for loop is:
1196
1197 ..ffoorr _v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e [_v_a_r_i_a_b_l_e _._._.] iinn _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n
1197 .for variable [variable ...] in expression
1198 <make-rules>
1198 <make-rules>
1199 ..eennddffoorr
1199 .endfor
1200
1200
1201 After the for eexxpprreessssiioonn is evaluated, it is split into words. On each
1202 iteration of the loop, one word is taken and assigned to each vvaarriiaabbllee,
1203 in order, and these vvaarriiaabblleess are substituted into the mmaakkee--rruulleess inside
1201 After the for expression is evaluated, it is split into words. On each
1202 iteration of the loop, one word is taken and assigned to each variable,
1203 in order, and these variables are substituted into the make-rules inside
1204 the body of the for loop. The number of words must come out even; that
1205 is, if there are three iteration variables, the number of words provided
1206 must be a multiple of three.
1207
1204 the body of the for loop. The number of words must come out even; that
1205 is, if there are three iteration variables, the number of words provided
1206 must be a multiple of three.
1207
1208CCOOMMMMEENNTTSS
1208COMMENTS
1209 Comments begin with a hash (`#') character, anywhere but in a shell com-
1210 mand line, and continue to the end of an unescaped new line.
1211
1209 Comments begin with a hash (`#') character, anywhere but in a shell com-
1210 mand line, and continue to the end of an unescaped new line.
1211
1212SSPPEECCIIAALL SSOOUURRCCEESS ((AATTTTRRIIBBUUTTEESS))
1213 ..EEXXEECC Target is never out of date, but always execute commands any-
1212SPECIAL SOURCES (ATTRIBUTES)
1213 .EXEC Target is never out of date, but always execute commands any-
1214 way.
1215
1214 way.
1215
1216 ..IIGGNNOORREE Ignore any errors from the commands associated with this tar-
1216 .IGNORE Ignore any errors from the commands associated with this tar-
1217 get, exactly as if they all were preceded by a dash (`-').
1218
1217 get, exactly as if they all were preceded by a dash (`-').
1218
1219 ..MMAADDEE Mark all sources of this target as being up-to-date.
1219 .MADE Mark all sources of this target as being up-to-date.
1220
1220
1221 ..MMAAKKEE Execute the commands associated with this target even if the --nn
1222 or --tt options were specified. Normally used to mark recursive
1223 bbmmaakkees.
1221 .MAKE Execute the commands associated with this target even if the -n
1222 or -t options were specified. Normally used to mark recursive
1223 bmakes.
1224
1224
1225 ..MMEETTAA Create a meta file for the target, even if it is flagged as
1226 ..PPHHOONNYY, ..MMAAKKEE, or ..SSPPEECCIIAALL. Usage in conjunction with ..MMAAKKEE is
1225 .META Create a meta file for the target, even if it is flagged as
1226 .PHONY, .MAKE, or .SPECIAL. Usage in conjunction with .MAKE is
1227 the most likely case. In "meta" mode, the target is out-of-
1228 date if the meta file is missing.
1229
1227 the most likely case. In "meta" mode, the target is out-of-
1228 date if the meta file is missing.
1229
1230 ..NNOOMMEETTAA Do not create a meta file for the target. Meta files are also
1231 not created for ..PPHHOONNYY, ..MMAAKKEE, or ..SSPPEECCIIAALL targets.
1230 .NOMETA Do not create a meta file for the target. Meta files are also
1231 not created for .PHONY, .MAKE, or .SPECIAL targets.
1232
1232
1233 ..NNOOMMEETTAA__CCMMPP
1233 .NOMETA_CMP
1234 Ignore differences in commands when deciding if target is out
1235 of date. This is useful if the command contains a value which
1236 always changes. If the number of commands change, though, the
1237 target will still be out of date. The same effect applies to
1234 Ignore differences in commands when deciding if target is out
1235 of date. This is useful if the command contains a value which
1236 always changes. If the number of commands change, though, the
1237 target will still be out of date. The same effect applies to
1238 any command line that uses the variable _._O_O_D_A_T_E, which can be
1238 any command line that uses the variable .OODATE, which can be
1239 used for that purpose even when not otherwise needed or
1240 desired:
1241
1242
1243 skip-compare-for-some:
1244 @echo this will be compared
1245 @echo this will not ${.OODATE:M.NOMETA_CMP}
1246 @echo this will also be compared
1247
1239 used for that purpose even when not otherwise needed or
1240 desired:
1241
1242
1243 skip-compare-for-some:
1244 @echo this will be compared
1245 @echo this will not ${.OODATE:M.NOMETA_CMP}
1246 @echo this will also be compared
1247
1248 The ::MM pattern suppresses any expansion of the unwanted vari-
1248 The :M pattern suppresses any expansion of the unwanted vari-
1249 able.
1250
1249 able.
1250
1251 ..NNOOPPAATTHH Do not search for the target in the directories specified by
1252 ..PPAATTHH.
1251 .NOPATH Do not search for the target in the directories specified by
1252 .PATH.
1253
1253
1254 ..NNOOTTMMAAIINN Normally bbmmaakkee selects the first target it encounters as the
1254 .NOTMAIN Normally bmake selects the first target it encounters as the
1255 default target to be built if no target was specified. This
1256 source prevents this target from being selected.
1257
1255 default target to be built if no target was specified. This
1256 source prevents this target from being selected.
1257
1258 ..OOPPTTIIOONNAALL
1259 If a target is marked with this attribute and bbmmaakkee can't fig-
1258 .OPTIONAL
1259 If a target is marked with this attribute and bmake can't fig-
1260 ure out how to create it, it will ignore this fact and assume
1261 the file isn't needed or already exists.
1262
1260 ure out how to create it, it will ignore this fact and assume
1261 the file isn't needed or already exists.
1262
1263 ..PPHHOONNYY The target does not correspond to an actual file; it is always
1263 .PHONY The target does not correspond to an actual file; it is always
1264 considered to be out of date, and will not be created with the
1264 considered to be out of date, and will not be created with the
1265 --tt option. Suffix-transformation rules are not applied to
1266 ..PPHHOONNYY targets.
1265 -t option. Suffix-transformation rules are not applied to
1266 .PHONY targets.
1267
1267
1268 ..PPRREECCIIOOUUSS
1269 When bbmmaakkee is interrupted, it normally removes any partially
1268 .PRECIOUS
1269 When bmake is interrupted, it normally removes any partially
1270 made targets. This source prevents the target from being
1271 removed.
1272
1270 made targets. This source prevents the target from being
1271 removed.
1272
1273 ..RREECCUURRSSIIVVEE
1274 Synonym for ..MMAAKKEE.
1273 .RECURSIVE
1274 Synonym for .MAKE.
1275
1275
1276 ..SSIILLEENNTT Do not echo any of the commands associated with this target,
1276 .SILENT Do not echo any of the commands associated with this target,
1277 exactly as if they all were preceded by an at sign (`@').
1278
1277 exactly as if they all were preceded by an at sign (`@').
1278
1279 ..UUSSEE Turn the target into bbmmaakkee's version of a macro. When the tar-
1279 .USE Turn the target into bmake's version of a macro. When the tar-
1280 get is used as a source for another target, the other target
1281 acquires the commands, sources, and attributes (except for
1280 get is used as a source for another target, the other target
1281 acquires the commands, sources, and attributes (except for
1282 ..UUSSEE) of the source. If the target already has commands, the
1283 ..UUSSEE target's commands are appended to them.
1282 .USE) of the source. If the target already has commands, the
1283 .USE target's commands are appended to them.
1284
1284
1285 ..UUSSEEBBEEFFOORREE
1286 Exactly like ..UUSSEE, but prepend the ..UUSSEEBBEEFFOORREE target commands
1285 .USEBEFORE
1286 Exactly like .USE, but prepend the .USEBEFORE target commands
1287 to the target.
1288
1287 to the target.
1288
1289 ..WWAAIITT If ..WWAAIITT appears in a dependency line, the sources that precede
1289 .WAIT If .WAIT appears in a dependency line, the sources that precede
1290 it are made before the sources that succeed it in the line.
1291 Since the dependents of files are not made until the file
1292 itself could be made, this also stops the dependents being
1293 built unless they are needed for another branch of the depen-
1294 dency tree. So given:
1295
1296 x: a .WAIT b
1297 echo x
1298 a:
1299 echo a
1300 b: b1
1301 echo b
1302 b1:
1303 echo b1
1304
1305 the output is always `a', `b1', `b', `x'.
1290 it are made before the sources that succeed it in the line.
1291 Since the dependents of files are not made until the file
1292 itself could be made, this also stops the dependents being
1293 built unless they are needed for another branch of the depen-
1294 dency tree. So given:
1295
1296 x: a .WAIT b
1297 echo x
1298 a:
1299 echo a
1300 b: b1
1301 echo b
1302 b1:
1303 echo b1
1304
1305 the output is always `a', `b1', `b', `x'.
1306 The ordering imposed by ..WWAAIITT is only relevant for parallel
1306 The ordering imposed by .WAIT is only relevant for parallel
1307 makes.
1308
1307 makes.
1308
1309SSPPEECCIIAALL TTAARRGGEETTSS
1309SPECIAL TARGETS
1310 Special targets may not be included with other targets, i.e. they must be
1311 the only target specified.
1312
1310 Special targets may not be included with other targets, i.e. they must be
1311 the only target specified.
1312
1313 ..BBEEGGIINN Any command lines attached to this target are executed before
1313 .BEGIN Any command lines attached to this target are executed before
1314 anything else is done.
1315
1314 anything else is done.
1315
1316 ..DDEEFFAAUULLTT
1317 This is sort of a ..UUSSEE rule for any target (that was used only
1318 as a source) that bbmmaakkee can't figure out any other way to cre-
1319 ate. Only the shell script is used. The ..IIMMPPSSRRCC variable of a
1320 target that inherits ..DDEEFFAAUULLTT's commands is set to the target's
1316 .DEFAULT
1317 This is sort of a .USE rule for any target (that was used only
1318 as a source) that bmake can't figure out any other way to cre-
1319 ate. Only the shell script is used. The .IMPSRC variable of a
1320 target that inherits .DEFAULT's commands is set to the target's
1321 own name.
1322
1321 own name.
1322
1323 ..DDEELLEETTEE__OONN__EERRRROORR
1323 .DELETE_ON_ERROR
1324 If this target is present in the makefile, it globally causes
1325 make to delete targets whose commands fail. (By default, only
1326 targets whose commands are interrupted during execution are
1327 deleted. This is the historical behavior.) This setting can be
1328 used to help prevent half-finished or malformed targets from
1329 being left around and corrupting future rebuilds.
1330
1324 If this target is present in the makefile, it globally causes
1325 make to delete targets whose commands fail. (By default, only
1326 targets whose commands are interrupted during execution are
1327 deleted. This is the historical behavior.) This setting can be
1328 used to help prevent half-finished or malformed targets from
1329 being left around and corrupting future rebuilds.
1330
1331 ..EENNDD Any command lines attached to this target are executed after
1331 .END Any command lines attached to this target are executed after
1332 everything else is done.
1333
1332 everything else is done.
1333
1334 ..EERRRROORR Any command lines attached to this target are executed when
1335 another target fails. The ..EERRRROORR__TTAARRGGEETT variable is set to the
1336 target that failed. See also MMAAKKEE__PPRRIINNTT__VVAARR__OONN__EERRRROORR.
1334 .ERROR Any command lines attached to this target are executed when
1335 another target fails. The .ERROR_TARGET variable is set to the
1336 target that failed. See also MAKE_PRINT_VAR_ON_ERROR.
1337
1337
1338 ..IIGGNNOORREE Mark each of the sources with the ..IIGGNNOORREE attribute. If no
1338 .IGNORE Mark each of the sources with the .IGNORE attribute. If no
1339 sources are specified, this is the equivalent of specifying the
1339 sources are specified, this is the equivalent of specifying the
1340 --ii option.
1340 -i option.
1341
1341
1342 ..IINNTTEERRRRUUPPTT
1343 If bbmmaakkee is interrupted, the commands for this target will be
1342 .INTERRUPT
1343 If bmake is interrupted, the commands for this target will be
1344 executed.
1345
1344 executed.
1345
1346 ..MMAAIINN If no target is specified when bbmmaakkee is invoked, this target
1346 .MAIN If no target is specified when bmake is invoked, this target
1347 will be built.
1348
1347 will be built.
1348
1349 ..MMAAKKEEFFLLAAGGSS
1350 This target provides a way to specify flags for bbmmaakkee when the
1349 .MAKEFLAGS
1350 This target provides a way to specify flags for bmake when the
1351 makefile is used. The flags are as if typed to the shell,
1351 makefile is used. The flags are as if typed to the shell,
1352 though the --ff option will have no effect.
1352 though the -f option will have no effect.
1353
1353
1354 ..NNOOPPAATTHH Apply the ..NNOOPPAATTHH attribute to any specified sources.
1354 .NOPATH Apply the .NOPATH attribute to any specified sources.
1355
1355
1356 ..NNOOTTPPAARRAALLLLEELL
1356 .NOTPARALLEL
1357 Disable parallel mode.
1358
1357 Disable parallel mode.
1358
1359 ..NNOO__PPAARRAALLLLEELL
1360 Synonym for ..NNOOTTPPAARRAALLLLEELL, for compatibility with other pmake
1359 .NO_PARALLEL
1360 Synonym for .NOTPARALLEL, for compatibility with other pmake
1361 variants.
1362
1361 variants.
1362
1363 ..OOBBJJDDIIRR The source is a new value for `_._O_B_J_D_I_R'. If it exists, bbmmaakkee
1364 will chdir(2) to it and update the value of `_._O_B_J_D_I_R'.
1363 .OBJDIR The source is a new value for `.OBJDIR'. If it exists, bmake
1364 will chdir(2) to it and update the value of `.OBJDIR'.
1365
1365
1366 ..OORRDDEERR The named targets are made in sequence. This ordering does not
1366 .ORDER The named targets are made in sequence. This ordering does not
1367 add targets to the list of targets to be made. Since the depen-
1368 dents of a target do not get built until the target itself could
1369 be built, unless `a' is built by another part of the dependency
1370 graph, the following is a dependency loop:
1371
1372 .ORDER: b a
1373 b: a
1374
1367 add targets to the list of targets to be made. Since the depen-
1368 dents of a target do not get built until the target itself could
1369 be built, unless `a' is built by another part of the dependency
1370 graph, the following is a dependency loop:
1371
1372 .ORDER: b a
1373 b: a
1374
1375 The ordering imposed by ..OORRDDEERR is only relevant for parallel
1375 The ordering imposed by .ORDER is only relevant for parallel
1376 makes.
1377
1376 makes.
1377
1378 ..PPAATTHH The sources are directories which are to be searched for files
1378 .PATH The sources are directories which are to be searched for files
1379 not found in the current directory. If no sources are speci-
1380 fied, any previously specified directories are deleted. If the
1379 not found in the current directory. If no sources are speci-
1380 fied, any previously specified directories are deleted. If the
1381 source is the special ..DDOOTTLLAASSTT target, then the current working
1381 source is the special .DOTLAST target, then the current working
1382 directory is searched last.
1383
1382 directory is searched last.
1383
1384 ..PPAATTHH.._s_u_f_f_i_x
1385 Like ..PPAATTHH but applies only to files with a particular suffix.
1386 The suffix must have been previously declared with ..SSUUFFFFIIXXEESS.
1384 .PATH.suffix
1385 Like .PATH but applies only to files with a particular suffix.
1386 The suffix must have been previously declared with .SUFFIXES.
1387
1387
1388 ..PPHHOONNYY Apply the ..PPHHOONNYY attribute to any specified sources.
1388 .PHONY Apply the .PHONY attribute to any specified sources.
1389
1389
1390 ..PPRREECCIIOOUUSS
1391 Apply the ..PPRREECCIIOOUUSS attribute to any specified sources. If no
1392 sources are specified, the ..PPRREECCIIOOUUSS attribute is applied to
1390 .PRECIOUS
1391 Apply the .PRECIOUS attribute to any specified sources. If no
1392 sources are specified, the .PRECIOUS attribute is applied to
1393 every target in the file.
1394
1393 every target in the file.
1394
1395 ..SSHHEELLLL Sets the shell that bbmmaakkee will use to execute commands. The
1396 sources are a set of _f_i_e_l_d_=_v_a_l_u_e pairs.
1395 .SHELL Sets the shell that bmake will use to execute commands. The
1396 sources are a set of field=value pairs.
1397
1397
1398 _n_a_m_e This is the minimal specification, used to select
1399 one of the built-in shell specs; _s_h, _k_s_h, and _c_s_h.
1398 name This is the minimal specification, used to select
1399 one of the built-in shell specs; sh, ksh, and csh.
1400
1400
1401 _p_a_t_h Specifies the path to the shell.
1401 path Specifies the path to the shell.
1402
1402
1403 _h_a_s_E_r_r_C_t_l Indicates whether the shell supports exit on error.
1403 hasErrCtl Indicates whether the shell supports exit on error.
1404
1404
1405 _c_h_e_c_k The command to turn on error checking.
1405 check The command to turn on error checking.
1406
1406
1407 _i_g_n_o_r_e The command to disable error checking.
1407 ignore The command to disable error checking.
1408
1408
1409 _e_c_h_o The command to turn on echoing of commands executed.
1409 echo The command to turn on echoing of commands executed.
1410
1410
1411 _q_u_i_e_t The command to turn off echoing of commands exe-
1411 quiet The command to turn off echoing of commands exe-
1412 cuted.
1413
1412 cuted.
1413
1414 _f_i_l_t_e_r The output to filter after issuing the _q_u_i_e_t com-
1415 mand. It is typically identical to _q_u_i_e_t.
1414 filter The output to filter after issuing the quiet com-
1415 mand. It is typically identical to quiet.
1416
1416
1417 _e_r_r_F_l_a_g The flag to pass the shell to enable error checking.
1417 errFlag The flag to pass the shell to enable error checking.
1418
1418
1419 _e_c_h_o_F_l_a_g The flag to pass the shell to enable command echo-
1419 echoFlag The flag to pass the shell to enable command echo-
1420 ing.
1421
1420 ing.
1421
1422 _n_e_w_l_i_n_e The string literal to pass the shell that results in
1422 newline The string literal to pass the shell that results in
1423 a single newline character when used outside of any
1424 quoting characters.
1425 Example:
1426
1427 .SHELL: name=ksh path=/bin/ksh hasErrCtl=true \
1428 check="set -e" ignore="set +e" \
1429 echo="set -v" quiet="set +v" filter="set +v" \
1430 echoFlag=v errFlag=e newline="'\n'"
1431
1423 a single newline character when used outside of any
1424 quoting characters.
1425 Example:
1426
1427 .SHELL: name=ksh path=/bin/ksh hasErrCtl=true \
1428 check="set -e" ignore="set +e" \
1429 echo="set -v" quiet="set +v" filter="set +v" \
1430 echoFlag=v errFlag=e newline="'\n'"
1431
1432 ..SSIILLEENNTT Apply the ..SSIILLEENNTT attribute to any specified sources. If no
1433 sources are specified, the ..SSIILLEENNTT attribute is applied to every
1432 .SILENT Apply the .SILENT attribute to any specified sources. If no
1433 sources are specified, the .SILENT attribute is applied to every
1434 command in the file.
1435
1434 command in the file.
1435
1436 ..SSTTAALLEE This target gets run when a dependency file contains stale
1437 entries, having _._A_L_L_S_R_C set to the name of that dependency file.
1436 .STALE This target gets run when a dependency file contains stale
1437 entries, having .ALLSRC set to the name of that dependency file.
1438
1438
1439 ..SSUUFFFFIIXXEESS
1440 Each source specifies a suffix to bbmmaakkee. If no sources are
1439 .SUFFIXES
1440 Each source specifies a suffix to bmake. If no sources are
1441 specified, any previously specified suffixes are deleted. It
1442 allows the creation of suffix-transformation rules.
1443
1444 Example:
1445
1446 .SUFFIXES: .o
1447 .c.o:
1448 cc -o ${.TARGET} -c ${.IMPSRC}
1449
1441 specified, any previously specified suffixes are deleted. It
1442 allows the creation of suffix-transformation rules.
1443
1444 Example:
1445
1446 .SUFFIXES: .o
1447 .c.o:
1448 cc -o ${.TARGET} -c ${.IMPSRC}
1449
1450EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT
1451 bbmmaakkee uses the following environment variables, if they exist: MACHINE,
1450ENVIRONMENT
1451 bmake uses the following environment variables, if they exist: MACHINE,
1452 MACHINE_ARCH, MAKE, MAKEFLAGS, MAKEOBJDIR, MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX, MAKESYSPATH,
1453 PWD, and TMPDIR.
1454
1455 MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX and MAKEOBJDIR may only be set in the environment or on
1452 MACHINE_ARCH, MAKE, MAKEFLAGS, MAKEOBJDIR, MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX, MAKESYSPATH,
1453 PWD, and TMPDIR.
1454
1455 MAKEOBJDIRPREFIX and MAKEOBJDIR may only be set in the environment or on
1456 the command line to bbmmaakkee and not as makefile variables; see the descrip-
1457 tion of `_._O_B_J_D_I_R' for more details.
1456 the command line to bmake and not as makefile variables; see the descrip-
1457 tion of `.OBJDIR' for more details.
1458
1458
1459FFIILLEESS
1459FILES
1460 .depend list of dependencies
1461 Makefile list of dependencies
1462 makefile list of dependencies
1463 sys.mk system makefile
1464 /usr/share/mk system makefile directory
1465
1460 .depend list of dependencies
1461 Makefile list of dependencies
1462 makefile list of dependencies
1463 sys.mk system makefile
1464 /usr/share/mk system makefile directory
1465
1466CCOOMMPPAATTIIBBIILLIITTYY
1466COMPATIBILITY
1467 The basic make syntax is compatible between different versions of make;
1468 however the special variables, variable modifiers and conditionals are
1469 not.
1470
1467 The basic make syntax is compatible between different versions of make;
1468 however the special variables, variable modifiers and conditionals are
1469 not.
1470
1471 OOllddeerr vveerrssiioonnss
1472 An incomplete list of changes in older versions of bbmmaakkee:
1471 Older versions
1472 An incomplete list of changes in older versions of bmake:
1473
1474 The way that .for loop variables are substituted changed after NetBSD 5.0
1475 so that they still appear to be variable expansions. In particular this
1476 stops them being treated as syntax, and removes some obscure problems
1477 using them in .if statements.
1478
1479 The way that parallel makes are scheduled changed in NetBSD 4.0 so that
1480 .ORDER and .WAIT apply recursively to the dependent nodes. The algo-
1481 rithms used may change again in the future.
1482
1473
1474 The way that .for loop variables are substituted changed after NetBSD 5.0
1475 so that they still appear to be variable expansions. In particular this
1476 stops them being treated as syntax, and removes some obscure problems
1477 using them in .if statements.
1478
1479 The way that parallel makes are scheduled changed in NetBSD 4.0 so that
1480 .ORDER and .WAIT apply recursively to the dependent nodes. The algo-
1481 rithms used may change again in the future.
1482
1483 OOtthheerr mmaakkee ddiiaalleeccttss
1483 Other make dialects
1484 Other make dialects (GNU make, SVR4 make, POSIX make, etc.) do not sup-
1484 Other make dialects (GNU make, SVR4 make, POSIX make, etc.) do not sup-
1485 port most of the features of bbmmaakkee as described in this manual. Most
1485 port most of the features of bmake as described in this manual. Most
1486 notably:
1487
1486 notably:
1487
1488 ++oo The ..WWAAIITT and ..OORRDDEERR declarations and most functionality per-
1488 +o The .WAIT and .ORDER declarations and most functionality per-
1489 taining to parallelization. (GNU make supports parallelization
1490 but lacks these features needed to control it effectively.)
1491
1489 taining to parallelization. (GNU make supports parallelization
1490 but lacks these features needed to control it effectively.)
1491
1492 ++oo Directives, including for loops and conditionals and most of
1492 +o Directives, including for loops and conditionals and most of
1493 the forms of include files. (GNU make has its own incompatible
1494 and less powerful syntax for conditionals.)
1495
1493 the forms of include files. (GNU make has its own incompatible
1494 and less powerful syntax for conditionals.)
1495
1496 ++oo All built-in variables that begin with a dot.
1496 +o All built-in variables that begin with a dot.
1497
1497
1498 ++oo Most of the special sources and targets that begin with a dot,
1499 with the notable exception of ..PPHHOONNYY, ..PPRREECCIIOOUUSS, and ..SSUUFFFFIIXXEESS.
1498 +o Most of the special sources and targets that begin with a dot,
1499 with the notable exception of .PHONY, .PRECIOUS, and .SUFFIXES.
1500
1500
1501 ++oo Variable modifiers, except for the
1501 +o Variable modifiers, except for the
1502 :old=new
1503 string substitution, which does not portably support globbing
1504 with `%' and historically only works on declared suffixes.
1505
1502 :old=new
1503 string substitution, which does not portably support globbing
1504 with `%' and historically only works on declared suffixes.
1505
1506 ++oo The $$>> variable even in its short form; most makes support this
1506 +o The $> variable even in its short form; most makes support this
1507 functionality but its name varies.
1508
1507 functionality but its name varies.
1508
1509 Some features are somewhat more portable, such as assignment with ++==, ??==,
1510 and !!==. The ..PPAATTHH functionality is based on an older feature VVPPAATTHH found
1509 Some features are somewhat more portable, such as assignment with +=, ?=,
1510 and !=. The .PATH functionality is based on an older feature VPATH found
1511 in GNU make and many versions of SVR4 make; however, historically its
1512 behavior is too ill-defined (and too buggy) to rely upon.
1513
1511 in GNU make and many versions of SVR4 make; however, historically its
1512 behavior is too ill-defined (and too buggy) to rely upon.
1513
1514 The $$@@ and $$<< variables are more or less universally portable, as is the
1515 $$((MMAAKKEE)) variable. Basic use of suffix rules (for files only in the cur-
1514 The $@ and $< variables are more or less universally portable, as is the
1515 $(MAKE) variable. Basic use of suffix rules (for files only in the cur-
1516 rent directory, not trying to chain transformations together, etc.) is
1517 also reasonably portable.
1518
1516 rent directory, not trying to chain transformations together, etc.) is
1517 also reasonably portable.
1518
1519SSEEEE AALLSSOO
1519SEE ALSO
1520 mkdep(1)
1521
1520 mkdep(1)
1521
1522HHIISSTTOORRYY
1523 bbmmaakkee is derived from NetBSD make(1). It uses autoconf to facilitate
1522HISTORY
1523 bmake is derived from NetBSD make(1). It uses autoconf to facilitate
1524 portability to other platforms.
1525
1526 A make command appeared in Version 7 AT&T UNIX. This make implementation
1527 is based on Adam De Boor's pmake program which was written for Sprite at
1528 Berkeley. It was designed to be a parallel distributed make running jobs
1529 on different machines using a daemon called ``customs''.
1530
1531 Historically the target/dependency ``FRC'' has been used to FoRCe
1532 rebuilding (since the target/dependency does not exist... unless someone
1533 creates an ``FRC'' file).
1534
1524 portability to other platforms.
1525
1526 A make command appeared in Version 7 AT&T UNIX. This make implementation
1527 is based on Adam De Boor's pmake program which was written for Sprite at
1528 Berkeley. It was designed to be a parallel distributed make running jobs
1529 on different machines using a daemon called ``customs''.
1530
1531 Historically the target/dependency ``FRC'' has been used to FoRCe
1532 rebuilding (since the target/dependency does not exist... unless someone
1533 creates an ``FRC'' file).
1534
1535BBUUGGSS
1535BUGS
1536 The make syntax is difficult to parse without actually acting of the
1537 data. For instance finding the end of a variable use should involve
1538 scanning each the modifiers using the correct terminator for each field.
1539 In many places make just counts {} and () in order to find the end of a
1540 variable expansion.
1541
1542 There is no way of escaping a space character in a filename.
1543
1536 The make syntax is difficult to parse without actually acting of the
1537 data. For instance finding the end of a variable use should involve
1538 scanning each the modifiers using the correct terminator for each field.
1539 In many places make just counts {} and () in order to find the end of a
1540 variable expansion.
1541
1542 There is no way of escaping a space character in a filename.
1543
1544NetBSD 7.1_RC1 June 22, 2017 NetBSD 7.1_RC1
1544FreeBSD 11.1 June 22, 2017 FreeBSD 11.1