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1# @(#)europe 7.82
1# @(#)europe 7.83
2
3# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
4# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
5# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
6
7# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-10-29):
8# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
9# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition),

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28# <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HISTHV.htm">
29# History of Summer Time
30# </a> (1998-09-21, in Portuguese)
31
32#
33# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
34# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
35# Corrections are welcome!
2
3# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
4# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
5# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
6
7# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-10-29):
8# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
9# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition),

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28# <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HISTHV.htm">
29# History of Summer Time
30# </a> (1998-09-21, in Portuguese)
31
32#
33# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
34# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
35# Corrections are welcome!
36# std dst
37# LMT Local Mean Time
38# -4:00 AST Atlantic
39# -3:00 WGT WGST Western Greenland*
40# -1:00 EGT EGST Eastern Greenland*
41# 0:00 GMT BST Greenwich, British Summer
42# 0:00 GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer
43# 0:00 WET WEST Western Europe
44# 0:19:32 AMT NST Amsterdam, Netherlands Summer (1835-1937)*
45# 0:20 NET NEST Netherlands (1937-1940)*
46# 1:00 CET CEST Central Europe
47# 1:00:14 SET Swedish (1879-1899)*
48# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe
49# 3:00 MSK MSD Moscow
36# std dst 2dst
37# LMT Local Mean Time
38# -4:00 AST ADT Atlantic
39# -3:00 WGT WGST Western Greenland*
40# -1:00 EGT EGST Eastern Greenland*
41# 0:00 GMT BST BDST Greenwich, British Summer
42# 0:00 GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer
43# 0:00 WET WEST WEMT Western Europe
44# 0:19:32.13 AMT NST Amsterdam, Netherlands Summer (1835-1937)*
45# 0:20 NET NEST Netherlands (1937-1940)*
46# 1:00 CET CEST CEMT Central Europe
47# 1:00:14 SET Swedish (1879-1899)*
48# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe
49# 3:00 MSK MSD Moscow
50#
51# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones, especially in Britain,
52# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
53
54# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-12-04),
55# The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy,
56# Luxembourg, the Netherlands.
57# Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom.

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553# Andorra
554# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
555Zone Europe/Andorra 0:06:04 - LMT 1901
556 0:00 - WET 1946 Sep 30
557 1:00 - CET 1985 Mar 31 2:00
558 1:00 EU CE%sT
559
560# Austria
50#
51# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones, especially in Britain,
52# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
53
54# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-12-04),
55# The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy,
56# Luxembourg, the Netherlands.
57# Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom.

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553# Andorra
554# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
555Zone Europe/Andorra 0:06:04 - LMT 1901
556 0:00 - WET 1946 Sep 30
557 1:00 - CET 1985 Mar 31 2:00
558 1:00 EU CE%sT
559
560# Austria
561
562# From Paul Eggert (2003-02-28): Shanks gives 1918-06-16 and
563# 1945-11-18, but the Austrian Federal Office of Metrology and
564# Surveying (BEV) gives 1918-09-16 and for Vienna gives the "alleged"
565# date of 1945-04-12 with no time. For the 1980-04-06 transition
566# Shanks gives 02:00, the BEV 00:00. Go with the BEV, and guess 02:00
567# for 1945-04-12.
568
561# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
562Rule Austria 1920 only - Apr 5 2:00s 1:00 S
563Rule Austria 1920 only - Sep 13 2:00s 0 -
569# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
570Rule Austria 1920 only - Apr 5 2:00s 1:00 S
571Rule Austria 1920 only - Sep 13 2:00s 0 -
564Rule Austria 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
565Rule Austria 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 -
566Rule Austria 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S
567Rule Austria 1946 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
568Rule Austria 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S
569Rule Austria 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
572Rule Austria 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S
573Rule Austria 1946 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
574Rule Austria 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S
575Rule Austria 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
576Rule Austria 1980 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S
577Rule Austria 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
570# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
571Zone Europe/Vienna 1:05:20 - LMT 1893 Apr
578# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
579Zone Europe/Vienna 1:05:20 - LMT 1893 Apr
572 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Jun 16 3:00
573 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1940 Apr 1 2:00
574 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
580 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1920
581 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1940 Apr 1 2:00s
582 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s
583 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Apr 12 2:00s
584 1:00 - CET 1946
575 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1981
576 1:00 EU CE%sT
577
578# Belarus
579# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
580Zone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880
581 1:50 - MMT 1924 May 2 # Minsk Mean Time
582 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21

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649 1:00 - CET 1916 May 1 0:00
650 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Nov 11 11:00u
651 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 20 2:00s
652 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 3
653 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977
654 1:00 EU CE%sT
655
656# Bosnia and Herzegovina
585 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1981
586 1:00 EU CE%sT
587
588# Belarus
589# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
590Zone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880
591 1:50 - MMT 1924 May 2 # Minsk Mean Time
592 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21

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659 1:00 - CET 1916 May 1 0:00
660 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Nov 11 11:00u
661 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 20 2:00s
662 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 3
663 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977
664 1:00 EU CE%sT
665
666# Bosnia and Herzegovina
657# see Yugoslavia
667# see Serbia and Montenegro
658
659# Bulgaria
660#
661# From Plamen Simenov <P.Simeonov@cnsys.bg> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
662# A document of Government of Bulgaria (No.94/1997) says:
663# EET --> EETDST is in 03:00 Local time in last Sunday of March ...
664# EETDST --> EET is in 04:00 Local time in last Sunday of October
665#

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676 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 3:00
677 2:00 - EET 1979 Mar 31 23:00
678 2:00 Bulg EE%sT 1982 Sep 26 2:00
679 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991
680 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997
681 2:00 EU EE%sT
682
683# Croatia
668
669# Bulgaria
670#
671# From Plamen Simenov <P.Simeonov@cnsys.bg> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
672# A document of Government of Bulgaria (No.94/1997) says:
673# EET --> EETDST is in 03:00 Local time in last Sunday of March ...
674# EETDST --> EET is in 04:00 Local time in last Sunday of October
675#

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686 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 3:00
687 2:00 - EET 1979 Mar 31 23:00
688 2:00 Bulg EE%sT 1982 Sep 26 2:00
689 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991
690 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997
691 2:00 EU EE%sT
692
693# Croatia
684# see Yugosloavia
694# see Serbia and Montenegro
685
686# Czech Republic
687# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
688Rule Czech 1945 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S
689Rule Czech 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 -
690Rule Czech 1946 only - May 6 2:00s 1:00 S
691Rule Czech 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
692Rule Czech 1947 only - Apr 20 2:00s 1:00 S

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745# Standard Greenland time UTC-3
746# Scoresbysund UTC-1
747# Danmarkshavn UTC
748#
749# In the military area near Thule and in Danmarkshavn DST will not be
750# introduced.
751
752# From Rives McDow (2001-11-01):
695
696# Czech Republic
697# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
698Rule Czech 1945 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S
699Rule Czech 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 -
700Rule Czech 1946 only - May 6 2:00s 1:00 S
701Rule Czech 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
702Rule Czech 1947 only - Apr 20 2:00s 1:00 S

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755# Standard Greenland time UTC-3
756# Scoresbysund UTC-1
757# Danmarkshavn UTC
758#
759# In the military area near Thule and in Danmarkshavn DST will not be
760# introduced.
761
762# From Rives McDow (2001-11-01):
753#
763#
754# I correspond regularly with the Dansk Polarcenter, and wrote them at
755# the time to clarify the situation in Thule. Unfortunately, I have
756# not heard back from them regarding my recent letter. [But I have
757# info from earlier correspondence.]
758#
759# According to the center, a very small local time zone around Thule
760# Air Base keeps the time according to UTC-4, implementing daylight
761# savings using North America rules, changing the time at 02:00 local time....

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986 1:00 France CE%sT 1977
987 1:00 EU CE%sT
988
989# Germany
990
991# From Markus Kuhn <Markus.Kuhn@cl.cam.ac.uk> (1998-09-29):
992# The German time zone web site by the Physikalisch-Technische
993# Bundesanstalt contains DST information back to 1916.
764# I correspond regularly with the Dansk Polarcenter, and wrote them at
765# the time to clarify the situation in Thule. Unfortunately, I have
766# not heard back from them regarding my recent letter. [But I have
767# info from earlier correspondence.]
768#
769# According to the center, a very small local time zone around Thule
770# Air Base keeps the time according to UTC-4, implementing daylight
771# savings using North America rules, changing the time at 02:00 local time....

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996 1:00 France CE%sT 1977
997 1:00 EU CE%sT
998
999# Germany
1000
1001# From Markus Kuhn <Markus.Kuhn@cl.cam.ac.uk> (1998-09-29):
1002# The German time zone web site by the Physikalisch-Technische
1003# Bundesanstalt contains DST information back to 1916.
994#
995# <a href="http://www.ptb.de/english/org/4/43/432/lega.htm">
996# Realisation of Legal Time in Germany
997# </a>
1004# [See tz-link.htm for the URL.]
998
1005
1006# From Joerg Schilling (2002-10-23):
1007# In 1945, Berlin was switched to Moscow Summer time (GMT+4) by <a
1008# href="http://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/BersarinNikolai/">
1009# General [Nikolai] Bersarin</a>.
1010
1011# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-08):
1012# <a href="http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf">
1013# says that Bersarin issued an order to use Moscow time on May 20.
1014# However, Moscow did not observe daylight saving in 1945, so
1015# this was equivalent to CEMT (GMT+3), not GMT+4.
1016
1017
999# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1000Rule Germany 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
1018# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1019Rule Germany 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
1001# Shanks says 05-24 2:00 to 09-24 3:00 for DDST; go with the PTB, who quotes
1002# the Archiv fuer publizist. Arbeit (Munzinger-Archiv) 652 (Zeitsystem)
1003# (1961-11-25), which gives dates only. Guess 3:00 transition times.
1004Rule Germany 1945 only - May 31 3:00 2:00 M # Midsummer
1005Rule Germany 1945 only - Sep 23 3:00 1:00 S
1020Rule Germany 1945 only - May 24 2:00 2:00 M # Midsummer
1021Rule Germany 1945 only - Sep 24 3:00 1:00 S
1006Rule Germany 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 -
1007Rule Germany 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S
1008Rule Germany 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 -
1009Rule Germany 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
1010Rule Germany 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S
1022Rule Germany 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 -
1023Rule Germany 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S
1024Rule Germany 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 -
1025Rule Germany 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
1026Rule Germany 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S
1011# The PTB gives 3:00 CET and 3:00 CEST for the midsummer transition times;
1012# go with Shanks.
1013Rule Germany 1947 only - May 11 2:00s 2:00 M
1014Rule Germany 1947 only - Jun 29 3:00 1:00 S
1015Rule Germany 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
1016Rule Germany 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S
1017# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1018Zone Europe/Berlin 0:53:28 - LMT 1893 Apr
1019 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
1020 1:00 Germany CE%sT 1980

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1336# The Lithuanian government also announced plans to consider a
1337# motion to give up shifting to summer time in spring, as it was
1338# already done by Estonia.
1339
1340# From the <a href="http://www.tourism.lt/informa/ff.htm">
1341# Fact File, Lithuanian State Department of Tourism
1342# </a> (2000-03-27): Local time is GMT+2 hours ..., no daylight saving.
1343
1027Rule Germany 1947 only - May 11 2:00s 2:00 M
1028Rule Germany 1947 only - Jun 29 3:00 1:00 S
1029Rule Germany 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
1030Rule Germany 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S
1031# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1032Zone Europe/Berlin 0:53:28 - LMT 1893 Apr
1033 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
1034 1:00 Germany CE%sT 1980

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1350# The Lithuanian government also announced plans to consider a
1351# motion to give up shifting to summer time in spring, as it was
1352# already done by Estonia.
1353
1354# From the <a href="http://www.tourism.lt/informa/ff.htm">
1355# Fact File, Lithuanian State Department of Tourism
1356# </a> (2000-03-27): Local time is GMT+2 hours ..., no daylight saving.
1357
1358# From a user via Klaus Marten (2003-02-07):
1359# As a candidate for membership of the European Union, Lithuania will
1360# observe Summer Time in 2003, changing its clocks at the times laid
1361# down in EU Directive 2000/84 of 19.I.01 (i.e. at the same times as its
1362# neighbour Latvia). The text of the Lithuanian government Order of
1363# 7.XI.02 to this effect can be found at
1364# http://www.lrvk.lt/nut/11/n1749.htm
1365
1366
1344# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1345Zone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880
1346 1:24:00 - WMT 1917 # Warsaw Mean Time
1347 1:35:36 - KMT 1919 Oct 10 # Kaunas Mean Time
1348 1:00 - CET 1920 Jul 12
1349 2:00 - EET 1920 Oct 9
1350 1:00 - CET 1940 Aug 3
1351 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 24
1352 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug
1353 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1354 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1355 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998
1356 2:00 - EET 1998 Mar 29 1:00u
1357 1:00 EU CE%sT 1999 Oct 31 1:00u
1367# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1368Zone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880
1369 1:24:00 - WMT 1917 # Warsaw Mean Time
1370 1:35:36 - KMT 1919 Oct 10 # Kaunas Mean Time
1371 1:00 - CET 1920 Jul 12
1372 2:00 - EET 1920 Oct 9
1373 1:00 - CET 1940 Aug 3
1374 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 24
1375 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug
1376 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1377 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1378 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998
1379 2:00 - EET 1998 Mar 29 1:00u
1380 1:00 EU CE%sT 1999 Oct 31 1:00u
1358 2:00 - EET
1381 2:00 - EET 2003 Jan 1
1382 2:00 EU EE%sT
1359
1360# Luxembourg
1361# Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways; go with Shanks.
1362# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1363Rule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S
1364Rule Lux 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
1365Rule Lux 1917 only - Apr 28 23:00 1:00 S
1366Rule Lux 1917 only - Sep 17 1:00 0 -

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1388 1:00 Lux CE%sT 1918 Nov 25
1389 0:00 Lux WE%sT 1929 Oct 6 2:00s
1390 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 14 3:00
1391 1:00 C-Eur WE%sT 1944 Sep 18 3:00
1392 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977
1393 1:00 EU CE%sT
1394
1395# Macedonia
1383
1384# Luxembourg
1385# Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways; go with Shanks.
1386# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1387Rule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S
1388Rule Lux 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
1389Rule Lux 1917 only - Apr 28 23:00 1:00 S
1390Rule Lux 1917 only - Sep 17 1:00 0 -

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1412 1:00 Lux CE%sT 1918 Nov 25
1413 0:00 Lux WE%sT 1929 Oct 6 2:00s
1414 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 14 3:00
1415 1:00 C-Eur WE%sT 1944 Sep 18 3:00
1416 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977
1417 1:00 EU CE%sT
1418
1419# Macedonia
1396# see Yugoslavia
1420# see Serbia and Montenegro
1397
1398# Malta
1399# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1400Rule Malta 1973 only - Mar 31 0:00s 1:00 S
1401Rule Malta 1973 only - Sep 29 0:00s 0 -
1402Rule Malta 1974 only - Apr 21 0:00s 1:00 S
1403Rule Malta 1974 only - Sep 16 0:00s 0 -
1404Rule Malta 1975 1979 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S

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1974# Chukotskij avtonomnyj okrug
1975Zone Asia/Anadyr 11:49:56 - LMT 1924 May 2
1976 12:00 - ANAT 1930 Jun 21 # Anadyr Time
1977 13:00 Russia ANA%sT 1982 Apr 1 0:00s
1978 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1979 11:00 Russia ANA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1980 12:00 Russia ANA%sT
1981
1421
1422# Malta
1423# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1424Rule Malta 1973 only - Mar 31 0:00s 1:00 S
1425Rule Malta 1973 only - Sep 29 0:00s 0 -
1426Rule Malta 1974 only - Apr 21 0:00s 1:00 S
1427Rule Malta 1974 only - Sep 16 0:00s 0 -
1428Rule Malta 1975 1979 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S

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1998# Chukotskij avtonomnyj okrug
1999Zone Asia/Anadyr 11:49:56 - LMT 1924 May 2
2000 12:00 - ANAT 1930 Jun 21 # Anadyr Time
2001 13:00 Russia ANA%sT 1982 Apr 1 0:00s
2002 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2003 11:00 Russia ANA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2004 12:00 Russia ANA%sT
2005
2006# Serbia and Montenegro
2007# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2008Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884
2009 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
2010 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s
2011 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
2012# Metod Kozelj <metod.kozelj@rzs-hm.si> reports that the legal date of
2013# transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time.
2014# Shanks doesn't give as much detail, so go with Kozelj.
2015 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27
2016 1:00 EU CE%sT
2017Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana # Slovenia
2018Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Sarajevo # Bosnia and Herzegovina
2019Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Skopje # Macedonia
2020Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Zagreb # Croatia
2021
1982# Slovakia
1983Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava
1984
1985# Slovenia
2022# Slovakia
2023Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava
2024
2025# Slovenia
1986# see Yugoslavia
2026# see Serbia and Montenegro
1987
1988# Spain
1989# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1990# For 1917-1919 Whitman gives Apr Sat>=1 - Oct Sat>=1; go with Shanks.
1991Rule Spain 1917 only - May 5 23:00s 1:00 S
1992Rule Spain 1917 1919 - Oct 6 23:00s 0 -
1993Rule Spain 1918 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
1994Rule Spain 1919 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S

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2186 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1978 Oct 15
2187 3:00 Turkey TR%sT 1985 Apr 20 # Turkey Time
2188 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1986
2189 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991
2190 2:00 EU EE%sT
2191Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents.
2192
2193# Ukraine
2027
2028# Spain
2029# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2030# For 1917-1919 Whitman gives Apr Sat>=1 - Oct Sat>=1; go with Shanks.
2031Rule Spain 1917 only - May 5 23:00s 1:00 S
2032Rule Spain 1917 1919 - Oct 6 23:00s 0 -
2033Rule Spain 1918 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
2034Rule Spain 1919 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S

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2226 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1978 Oct 15
2227 3:00 Turkey TR%sT 1985 Apr 20 # Turkey Time
2228 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1986
2229 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991
2230 2:00 EU EE%sT
2231Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents.
2232
2233# Ukraine
2234#
2235# From Igor Karpov, who works for the Ukranian Ministry of Justice,
2236# via Garrett Wollman (2003-01-27):
2237# BTW, I've found the official document on this matter. It's goverment
2238# regulations number 509, May 13, 1996. In my poor translation it says:
2239# "Time in Ukraine is set to second timezone (Kiev time). Each last Sunday
2240# of March at 3am the time is changing to 4am and each last Sunday of
2241# October the time at 4am is changing to 3am"
2242
2194# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2195# Most of Ukraine since 1970 has been like Kiev.
2196Zone Europe/Kiev 2:02:04 - LMT 1880
2197 2:02:04 - KMT 1924 May 2 # Kiev Mean Time
2198 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
2199 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 20
2200 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Nov 6
2201 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990

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2244 3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 Mar 31 3:00s
2245 3:00 1:00 MSD 1996 Oct 27 3:00s
2246# IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST.
2247# Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks.
2248 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1997
2249 3:00 - MSK 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u
2250 2:00 EU EE%sT
2251
2243# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2244# Most of Ukraine since 1970 has been like Kiev.
2245Zone Europe/Kiev 2:02:04 - LMT 1880
2246 2:02:04 - KMT 1924 May 2 # Kiev Mean Time
2247 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
2248 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 20
2249 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Nov 6
2250 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990

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2293 3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 Mar 31 3:00s
2294 3:00 1:00 MSD 1996 Oct 27 3:00s
2295# IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST.
2296# Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks.
2297 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1997
2298 3:00 - MSK 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u
2299 2:00 EU EE%sT
2300
2252# Yugoslavia
2253# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2254Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884
2255 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
2256 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s
2257 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
2258# Metod Kozelj <metod.kozelj@rzs-hm.si> reports that the legal date of
2259# transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time.
2260# Shanks doesn't give as much detail, so go with Kozelj.
2261 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27
2262 1:00 EU CE%sT
2263Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana # Slovenia
2264Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Sarajevo # Bosnia and Herzegovina
2265Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Skopje # Macedonia
2266Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Zagreb # Croatia
2267
2268###############################################################################
2269
2270# One source shows that Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, and Greece observe DST from
2271# the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in September in 1986.
2272# The source shows Romania changing a day later than everybody else.
2273#
2274# According to Bernard Sieloff's source, Poland is in the MET time zone but
2275# uses the WE DST rules. The Western USSR uses EET+1 and ME DST rules.

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2302
2303# One source shows that Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, and Greece observe DST from
2304# the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in September in 1986.
2305# The source shows Romania changing a day later than everybody else.
2306#
2307# According to Bernard Sieloff's source, Poland is in the MET time zone but
2308# uses the WE DST rules. The Western USSR uses EET+1 and ME DST rules.

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