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1# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
2# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
3
1# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
2# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
3
4# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
4# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
5# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
5# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
6# tz@iana.org for general use in the future).
6# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
7# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
7
8# From Paul Eggert (2014-05-31):
9# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
10# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
11# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
12#
13# Gwillim Law writes that a good source
14# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport

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33# [PDF] (1914-03)
34#
35# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
36# <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>. He writes:
37# "It is requested that corrections and additions to these tables
38# may be sent to Mr. John Milne, Royal Geographical Society,
39# Savile Row, London." Nowadays please email them to tz@iana.org.
40#
8
9# From Paul Eggert (2014-05-31):
10# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
11# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
12# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
13#
14# Gwillim Law writes that a good source
15# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport

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34# [PDF] (1914-03)
35#
36# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
37# <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>. He writes:
38# "It is requested that corrections and additions to these tables
39# may be sent to Mr. John Milne, Royal Geographical Society,
40# Savile Row, London." Nowadays please email them to tz@iana.org.
41#
42# Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919.
43# This Russian-language source was consulted by Vladimir Karpinsky; see
44# http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-August/021320.html
45# The full Russian citation is:
46# ��������������, �������������� ��������������������. ���������� �������� �������������� �� �������������� ����������
47# ������������������ ���������������� ������������ ���������������� �������������������� ������ �������� ������������ �� 1-����
48# �������� 1919 ��. / ������. 2-�� ������������������������������������ ����������������. - ������������������:
49# �������������� ������. ������., 1919.
50# http://resolver.gpntb.ru/purl?docushare/dsweb/Get/Resource-2011/Byalokoz__E.L.__Novyy__schet__vremeni__v__techenie__sutok__izd__2(1).pdf
51#
41# Brazil's Divis��o Servi��o da Hora (DSHO),
42# History of Summer Time
43# <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HISTHV.htm>
44# (1998-09-21, in Portuguese)
45
46#
47# I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table;
48# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
49# Corrections are welcome!
50# std dst 2dst
51# LMT Local Mean Time
52# -4:00 AST ADT Atlantic
53# -3:00 WGT WGST Western Greenland*
54# -1:00 EGT EGST Eastern Greenland*
55# 0:00 GMT BST BDST Greenwich, British Summer
56# 0:00 GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer
57# 0:00 WET WEST WEMT Western Europe
58# 0:19:32.13 AMT NST Amsterdam, Netherlands Summer (1835-1937)*
59# 0:20 NET NEST Netherlands (1937-1940)*
52# Brazil's Divis��o Servi��o da Hora (DSHO),
53# History of Summer Time
54# <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HISTHV.htm>
55# (1998-09-21, in Portuguese)
56
57#
58# I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table;
59# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
60# Corrections are welcome!
61# std dst 2dst
62# LMT Local Mean Time
63# -4:00 AST ADT Atlantic
64# -3:00 WGT WGST Western Greenland*
65# -1:00 EGT EGST Eastern Greenland*
66# 0:00 GMT BST BDST Greenwich, British Summer
67# 0:00 GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer
68# 0:00 WET WEST WEMT Western Europe
69# 0:19:32.13 AMT NST Amsterdam, Netherlands Summer (1835-1937)*
70# 0:20 NET NEST Netherlands (1937-1940)*
71# 1:00 BST British Standard (1968-1971)
60# 1:00 CET CEST CEMT Central Europe
61# 1:00:14 SET Swedish (1879-1899)*
62# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe
72# 1:00 CET CEST CEMT Central Europe
73# 1:00:14 SET Swedish (1879-1899)*
74# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe
63# 3:00 FET Further-eastern Europe*
75# 3:00 FET Further-eastern Europe (2011-2014)*
64# 3:00 MSK MSD MSM* Moscow
65
66# From Peter Ilieve (1994-12-04),
67# The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy,
68# Luxembourg, the Netherlands.
69# Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom.
70# Plus, from 1 Jan 81: Greece.
71# Plus, from 1 Jan 86: Spain, Portugal.

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169# which is permanently set to Summer Time.
170
171# From Winston Churchill (1934-04-28):
172# It is one of the paradoxes of history that we should owe the boon of
173# summer time, which gives every year to the people of this country
174# between 160 and 170 hours more daylight leisure, to a war which
175# plunged Europe into darkness for four years, and shook the
176# foundations of civilization throughout the world.
76# 3:00 MSK MSD MSM* Moscow
77
78# From Peter Ilieve (1994-12-04),
79# The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy,
80# Luxembourg, the Netherlands.
81# Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom.
82# Plus, from 1 Jan 81: Greece.
83# Plus, from 1 Jan 86: Spain, Portugal.

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181# which is permanently set to Summer Time.
182
183# From Winston Churchill (1934-04-28):
184# It is one of the paradoxes of history that we should owe the boon of
185# summer time, which gives every year to the people of this country
186# between 160 and 170 hours more daylight leisure, to a war which
187# plunged Europe into darkness for four years, and shook the
188# foundations of civilization throughout the world.
177# <http://www.winstonchurchill.org/images/finesthour/Vol.01%20No.114.pdf>
178# "A Silent Toast to William Willett", Pictorial Weekly
189# -- "A Silent Toast to William Willett", Pictorial Weekly;
190# republished in Finest Hour (Spring 2002) 1(114):26
191# http://www.winstonchurchill.org/images/finesthour/Vol.01%20No.114.pdf
179
180# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
181# The OED Supplement says that the English originally said "Daylight Saving"
182# when they were debating the adoption of DST in 1908; but by 1916 this
183# term appears only in quotes taken from DST's opponents, whereas the
184# proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using "Summer".
185
186# From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-19):

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205# agree that the usage is BDST (this appears in a message dated 17 Feb 1945).
206
207# From Joseph S. Myers (2000-10-03):
208# On 18th April 1941, Sir Stephen Tallents of the BBC wrote to Sir
209# Alexander Maxwell of the Home Office asking whether there was any
210# official designation; the reply of the 21st was that there wasn't
211# but he couldn't think of anything better than the "Double British
212# Summer Time" that the BBC had been using informally.
192
193# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
194# The OED Supplement says that the English originally said "Daylight Saving"
195# when they were debating the adoption of DST in 1908; but by 1916 this
196# term appears only in quotes taken from DST's opponents, whereas the
197# proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using "Summer".
198
199# From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-19):

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218# agree that the usage is BDST (this appears in a message dated 17 Feb 1945).
219
220# From Joseph S. Myers (2000-10-03):
221# On 18th April 1941, Sir Stephen Tallents of the BBC wrote to Sir
222# Alexander Maxwell of the Home Office asking whether there was any
223# official designation; the reply of the 21st was that there wasn't
224# but he couldn't think of anything better than the "Double British
225# Summer Time" that the BBC had been using informally.
213# http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/bbc-19410418.png
214# http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/ho-19410421.png
226# http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/bbc-19410418.png
227# http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/ho-19410421.png
215
216# From Sir Alexander Maxwell in the above-mentioned letter (1941-04-21):
217# [N]o official designation has as far as I know been adopted for the time
218# which is to be introduced in May....
219# I cannot think of anything better than "Double British Summer Time"
220# which could not be said to run counter to any official description.
221
222# From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
223# Howse writes (p 157) 'DBST' too, but 'BDST' seems to have been common
224# and follows the more usual convention of putting the location name first,
225# so we use 'BDST'.
226
227# Peter Ilieve (1998-04-19) described at length
228# the history of summer time legislation in the United Kingdom.
229# Since 1998 Joseph S. Myers has been updating
230# and extending this list, which can be found in
228
229# From Sir Alexander Maxwell in the above-mentioned letter (1941-04-21):
230# [N]o official designation has as far as I know been adopted for the time
231# which is to be introduced in May....
232# I cannot think of anything better than "Double British Summer Time"
233# which could not be said to run counter to any official description.
234
235# From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
236# Howse writes (p 157) 'DBST' too, but 'BDST' seems to have been common
237# and follows the more usual convention of putting the location name first,
238# so we use 'BDST'.
239
240# Peter Ilieve (1998-04-19) described at length
241# the history of summer time legislation in the United Kingdom.
242# Since 1998 Joseph S. Myers has been updating
243# and extending this list, which can be found in
231# http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/
232# History of legal time in Britain
233# http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/
234
235# From Joseph S. Myers (1998-01-06):
236#
237# The legal time in the UK outside of summer time is definitely GMT, not UTC;
238# see Lord Tanlaw's speech
244# http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/
245
246# From Joseph S. Myers (1998-01-06):
247#
248# The legal time in the UK outside of summer time is definitely GMT, not UTC;
249# see Lord Tanlaw's speech
239# <http://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/ld199697/ldhansrd/pdvn/lds97/text/70611-20.htm#70611-20_head0>
250# http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld199798/ldhansrd/vo970611/text/70611-10.htm#70611-10_head0
240# (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976).
241
242# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
243#
244# For lack of other data, follow Shanks & Pottenger for Eire in 1940-1948.
245#
246# Given Ilieve and Myers's data, the following claims by Shanks & Pottenger
247# are incorrect:

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435# Summer Time Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2798)
436Rule GB-Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u 0 GMT
437# Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982)
438# See EU for rules starting in 1996.
439#
440# Use Europe/London for Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man.
441
442# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
251# (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976).
252
253# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
254#
255# For lack of other data, follow Shanks & Pottenger for Eire in 1940-1948.
256#
257# Given Ilieve and Myers's data, the following claims by Shanks & Pottenger
258# are incorrect:

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446# Summer Time Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2798)
447Rule GB-Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u 0 GMT
448# Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982)
449# See EU for rules starting in 1996.
450#
451# Use Europe/London for Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man.
452
453# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
443Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Dec 1 0:00s
454Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Dec 1 0:00s
444 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27
455 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27
445 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
456 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
446 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996
447 0:00 EU GMT/BST
448Link Europe/London Europe/Jersey
449Link Europe/London Europe/Guernsey
450Link Europe/London Europe/Isle_of_Man
457 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996
458 0:00 EU GMT/BST
459Link Europe/London Europe/Jersey
460Link Europe/London Europe/Guernsey
461Link Europe/London Europe/Isle_of_Man
462
463# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
451Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:00 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
464Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:00 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
452 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00
453 -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s
465 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00
466 -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s
454 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1921 Dec 6 # independence
467 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1921 Dec 6 # independence
455 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1940 Feb 25 2:00
456 0:00 1:00 IST 1946 Oct 6 2:00
457 0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00
458 0:00 1:00 IST 1947 Nov 2 2:00
459 0:00 - GMT 1948 Apr 18 2:00
468 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1940 Feb 25 2:00
469 0:00 1:00 IST 1946 Oct 6 2:00
470 0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00
471 0:00 1:00 IST 1947 Nov 2 2:00
472 0:00 - GMT 1948 Apr 18 2:00
460 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1968 Oct 27
473 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1968 Oct 27
461 1:00 - IST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
474 1:00 - IST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
462 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1996
463 0:00 EU GMT/IST
464
465###############################################################################
466
467# Europe
468
469# EU rules are for the European Union, previously known as the EC, EEC,

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474Rule EU 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
475Rule EU 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00u 0 -
476Rule EU 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
477Rule EU 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
478Rule EU 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 -
479# The most recent directive covers the years starting in 2002. See:
480# Directive 2000/84/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council
481# of 19 January 2001 on summer-time arrangements.
475 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1996
476 0:00 EU GMT/IST
477
478###############################################################################
479
480# Europe
481
482# EU rules are for the European Union, previously known as the EC, EEC,

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487Rule EU 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
488Rule EU 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00u 0 -
489Rule EU 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
490Rule EU 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
491Rule EU 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 -
492# The most recent directive covers the years starting in 2002. See:
493# Directive 2000/84/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council
494# of 19 January 2001 on summer-time arrangements.
482# <http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32000L0084:EN:NOT>
495# http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32000L0084:EN:NOT
483
484# W-Eur differs from EU only in that W-Eur uses standard time.
485Rule W-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S
486Rule W-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
487Rule W-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00s 0 -
488Rule W-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
489Rule W-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
490Rule W-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 -

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508# in the C-Eur rule from tz database version 2008d (this part was
509# corrected in version 2008d). The circumstantial evidence is simply the
510# tz database itself, as seen below:
511#
512# Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01
513# 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
514#
515# Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15
496
497# W-Eur differs from EU only in that W-Eur uses standard time.
498Rule W-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S
499Rule W-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
500Rule W-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00s 0 -
501Rule W-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
502Rule W-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
503Rule W-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 -

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521# in the C-Eur rule from tz database version 2008d (this part was
522# corrected in version 2008d). The circumstantial evidence is simply the
523# tz database itself, as seen below:
524#
525# Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01
526# 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
527#
528# Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15
516# 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
529# 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
517#
518# Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884
519# 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
520#
521# Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 -
522# Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
523# Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
524#

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552Rule E-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
553Rule E-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
554Rule E-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
555Rule E-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
556Rule E-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
557Rule E-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
558
559# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
530#
531# Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884
532# 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
533#
534# Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 -
535# Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
536# Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
537#

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565Rule E-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
566Rule E-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
567Rule E-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
568Rule E-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
569Rule E-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
570Rule E-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
571
572# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
560Rule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 MST # Moscow Summer Time
561Rule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 MMT # Moscow Mean Time
562Rule Russia 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 MDST # Moscow Double Summer Time
573Rule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 MST # Moscow Summer Time
574Rule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 MMT # Moscow Mean Time
575Rule Russia 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 MDST # Moscow Double Summer Time
563Rule Russia 1918 only - Sep 16 1:00 1:00 MST
564Rule Russia 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 MDST
565Rule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 MSD
566Rule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 MSK
567Rule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 MSD
576Rule Russia 1918 only - Sep 16 1:00 1:00 MST
577Rule Russia 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 MDST
578Rule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 MSD
579Rule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 MSK
580Rule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 MSD
568Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 MSM # Midsummer
581Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 MSM # Midsummer
569Rule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 MSD
570Rule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
571# Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1980-10-24):
572Rule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
573Rule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
574# Act No.967 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1984-09-13), repeated in
575# Act No.227 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1989-03-14):
576Rule Russia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -

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664 1:00 - CET 1940 Jun 16
665 1:00 Albania CE%sT 1984 Jul
666 1:00 EU CE%sT
667
668# Andorra
669# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
670Zone Europe/Andorra 0:06:04 - LMT 1901
671 0:00 - WET 1946 Sep 30
582Rule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 MSD
583Rule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
584# Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1980-10-24):
585Rule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
586Rule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
587# Act No.967 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1984-09-13), repeated in
588# Act No.227 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1989-03-14):
589Rule Russia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -

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677 1:00 - CET 1940 Jun 16
678 1:00 Albania CE%sT 1984 Jul
679 1:00 EU CE%sT
680
681# Andorra
682# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
683Zone Europe/Andorra 0:06:04 - LMT 1901
684 0:00 - WET 1946 Sep 30
672 1:00 - CET 1985 Mar 31 2:00
685 1:00 - CET 1985 Mar 31 2:00
673 1:00 EU CE%sT
674
675# Austria
676
677# Milne says Vienna time was 1:05:21.
678
679# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): Shanks & Pottenger give 1918-06-16 and
680# 1945-11-18, but the Austrian Federal Office of Metrology and

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690Rule Austria 1946 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
691Rule Austria 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S
692Rule Austria 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
693Rule Austria 1980 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S
694Rule Austria 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
695# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
696Zone Europe/Vienna 1:05:21 - LMT 1893 Apr
697 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1920
686 1:00 EU CE%sT
687
688# Austria
689
690# Milne says Vienna time was 1:05:21.
691
692# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): Shanks & Pottenger give 1918-06-16 and
693# 1945-11-18, but the Austrian Federal Office of Metrology and

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703Rule Austria 1946 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
704Rule Austria 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S
705Rule Austria 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
706Rule Austria 1980 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S
707Rule Austria 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
708# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
709Zone Europe/Vienna 1:05:21 - LMT 1893 Apr
710 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1920
698 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1940 Apr 1 2:00s
699 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s
700 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Apr 12 2:00s
711 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1940 Apr 1 2:00s
712 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s
713 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Apr 12 2:00s
701 1:00 - CET 1946
702 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1981
703 1:00 EU CE%sT
704
705# Belarus
706# From Yauhen Kharuzhy (2011-09-16):
707# By latest Belarus government act Europe/Minsk timezone was changed to
708# GMT+3 without DST (was GMT+2 with DST).
709#
710# Sources (Russian language):
711# http://www.belta.by/ru/all_news/society/V-Belarusi-otmenjaetsja-perexod-na-sezonnoe-vremja_i_572952.html
712# http://naviny.by/rubrics/society/2011/09/16/ic_articles_116_175144/
713# http://news.tut.by/society/250578.html
714 1:00 - CET 1946
715 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1981
716 1:00 EU CE%sT
717
718# Belarus
719# From Yauhen Kharuzhy (2011-09-16):
720# By latest Belarus government act Europe/Minsk timezone was changed to
721# GMT+3 without DST (was GMT+2 with DST).
722#
723# Sources (Russian language):
724# http://www.belta.by/ru/all_news/society/V-Belarusi-otmenjaetsja-perexod-na-sezonnoe-vremja_i_572952.html
725# http://naviny.by/rubrics/society/2011/09/16/ic_articles_116_175144/
726# http://news.tut.by/society/250578.html
727#
728# From Alexander Bokovoy (2014-10-09):
729# Belarussian government decided against changing to winter time....
730# http://eng.belta.by/all_news/society/Belarus-decides-against-adjusting-time-in-Russias-wake_i_76335.html
731# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-08):
732# Hence Belarus can share time zone abbreviations with Moscow again.
733#
714# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
715Zone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880
734# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
735Zone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880
716 1:50 - MMT 1924 May 2 # Minsk Mean Time
736 1:50 - MMT 1924 May 2 # Minsk Mean Time
717 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
718 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 28
719 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul 3
720 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
737 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
738 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 28
739 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul 3
740 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
721 3:00 - MSK 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
722 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
723 2:00 - EET 1992 Mar 29 0:00s
724 2:00 1:00 EEST 1992 Sep 27 0:00s
725 2:00 Russia EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
726 3:00 - FET
741 3:00 - MSK 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
742 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
743 2:00 - EET 1992 Mar 29 0:00s
744 2:00 1:00 EEST 1992 Sep 27 0:00s
745 2:00 Russia EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
746 3:00 - FET 2014 Oct 26 1:00s
747 3:00 - MSK
727
728# Belgium
729#
730# From Paul Eggert (1997-07-02):
731# Entries from 1918 through 1991 are taken from:
732# Annuaire de L'Observatoire Royal de Belgique,
733# Avenue Circulaire, 3, B-1180 BRUXELLES, CLVIIe ann��e, 1991
734# (Imprimerie HAYEZ, s.p.r.l., Rue Fin, 4, 1080 BRUXELLES, MCMXC),

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775Rule Belgium 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00s 1:00 S
776Rule Belgium 1944 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 -
777Rule Belgium 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
778Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
779Rule Belgium 1946 only - May 19 2:00s 1:00 S
780Rule Belgium 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 -
781# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
782Zone Europe/Brussels 0:17:30 - LMT 1880
748
749# Belgium
750#
751# From Paul Eggert (1997-07-02):
752# Entries from 1918 through 1991 are taken from:
753# Annuaire de L'Observatoire Royal de Belgique,
754# Avenue Circulaire, 3, B-1180 BRUXELLES, CLVIIe ann��e, 1991
755# (Imprimerie HAYEZ, s.p.r.l., Rue Fin, 4, 1080 BRUXELLES, MCMXC),

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796Rule Belgium 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00s 1:00 S
797Rule Belgium 1944 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 -
798Rule Belgium 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
799Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
800Rule Belgium 1946 only - May 19 2:00s 1:00 S
801Rule Belgium 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 -
802# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
803Zone Europe/Brussels 0:17:30 - LMT 1880
783 0:17:30 - BMT 1892 May 1 12:00 # Brussels MT
804 0:17:30 - BMT 1892 May 1 12:00 # Brussels MT
784 0:00 - WET 1914 Nov 8
785 1:00 - CET 1916 May 1 0:00
786 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Nov 11 11:00u
787 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 20 2:00s
788 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 3
789 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977
790 1:00 EU CE%sT
791

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805Rule Bulg 1980 1982 - Apr Sat>=1 23:00 1:00 S
806Rule Bulg 1980 only - Sep 29 1:00 0 -
807Rule Bulg 1981 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 -
808# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
809Zone Europe/Sofia 1:33:16 - LMT 1880
810 1:56:56 - IMT 1894 Nov 30 # Istanbul MT?
811 2:00 - EET 1942 Nov 2 3:00
812 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945
805 0:00 - WET 1914 Nov 8
806 1:00 - CET 1916 May 1 0:00
807 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Nov 11 11:00u
808 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 20 2:00s
809 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 3
810 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977
811 1:00 EU CE%sT
812

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826Rule Bulg 1980 1982 - Apr Sat>=1 23:00 1:00 S
827Rule Bulg 1980 only - Sep 29 1:00 0 -
828Rule Bulg 1981 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 -
829# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
830Zone Europe/Sofia 1:33:16 - LMT 1880
831 1:56:56 - IMT 1894 Nov 30 # Istanbul MT?
832 2:00 - EET 1942 Nov 2 3:00
833 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945
813 1:00 - CET 1945 Apr 2 3:00
834 1:00 - CET 1945 Apr 2 3:00
814 2:00 - EET 1979 Mar 31 23:00
815 2:00 Bulg EE%sT 1982 Sep 26 2:00
816 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991
817 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997
818 2:00 EU EE%sT
819
820# Croatia
821# See Europe/Belgrade.

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829Rule Czech 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 -
830Rule Czech 1946 only - May 6 2:00s 1:00 S
831Rule Czech 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
832Rule Czech 1947 only - Apr 20 2:00s 1:00 S
833Rule Czech 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
834Rule Czech 1949 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 S
835# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
836Zone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850
835 2:00 - EET 1979 Mar 31 23:00
836 2:00 Bulg EE%sT 1982 Sep 26 2:00
837 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991
838 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997
839 2:00 EU EE%sT
840
841# Croatia
842# See Europe/Belgrade.

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850Rule Czech 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 -
851Rule Czech 1946 only - May 6 2:00s 1:00 S
852Rule Czech 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
853Rule Czech 1947 only - Apr 20 2:00s 1:00 S
854Rule Czech 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
855Rule Czech 1949 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 S
856# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
857Zone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850
837 0:57:44 - PMT 1891 Oct # Prague Mean Time
838 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 17 2:00s
858 0:57:44 - PMT 1891 Oct # Prague Mean Time
859 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 17 2:00s
839 1:00 Czech CE%sT 1979
840 1:00 EU CE%sT
841# Use Europe/Prague also for Slovakia.
842
843# Denmark, Faroe Islands, and Greenland
844
845# From Jesper N��rgaard Welen (2005-04-26):
846# http://www.hum.aau.dk/~poe/tid/tine/DanskTid.htm says that the law

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886Rule Denmark 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S
887Rule Denmark 1947 only - Aug 10 2:00s 0 -
888Rule Denmark 1948 only - May 9 2:00s 1:00 S
889Rule Denmark 1948 only - Aug 8 2:00s 0 -
890#
891# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
892Zone Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890
893 0:50:20 - CMT 1894 Jan 1 # Copenhagen MT
860 1:00 Czech CE%sT 1979
861 1:00 EU CE%sT
862# Use Europe/Prague also for Slovakia.
863
864# Denmark, Faroe Islands, and Greenland
865
866# From Jesper N��rgaard Welen (2005-04-26):
867# http://www.hum.aau.dk/~poe/tid/tine/DanskTid.htm says that the law

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907Rule Denmark 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S
908Rule Denmark 1947 only - Aug 10 2:00s 0 -
909Rule Denmark 1948 only - May 9 2:00s 1:00 S
910Rule Denmark 1948 only - Aug 8 2:00s 0 -
911#
912# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
913Zone Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890
914 0:50:20 - CMT 1894 Jan 1 # Copenhagen MT
894 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
895 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
915 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
916 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
896 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1980
897 1:00 EU CE%sT
917 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1980
918 1:00 EU CE%sT
898Zone Atlantic/Faroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # T��rshavn
919Zone Atlantic/Faroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # T��rshavn
899 0:00 - WET 1981
900 0:00 EU WE%sT
901#
902# From Paul Eggert (2004-10-31):
903# During World War II, Germany maintained secret manned weather stations in
904# East Greenland and Franz Josef Land, but we don't know their time zones.
905# My source for this is Wilhelm Dege's book mentioned under Svalbard.
906#

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975Rule Thule 1991 1992 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
976Rule Thule 1993 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
977Rule Thule 1993 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
978Rule Thule 2007 max - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
979Rule Thule 2007 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
980#
981# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
982Zone America/Danmarkshavn -1:14:40 - LMT 1916 Jul 28
920 0:00 - WET 1981
921 0:00 EU WE%sT
922#
923# From Paul Eggert (2004-10-31):
924# During World War II, Germany maintained secret manned weather stations in
925# East Greenland and Franz Josef Land, but we don't know their time zones.
926# My source for this is Wilhelm Dege's book mentioned under Svalbard.
927#

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996Rule Thule 1991 1992 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
997Rule Thule 1993 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
998Rule Thule 1993 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
999Rule Thule 2007 max - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
1000Rule Thule 2007 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
1001#
1002# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1003Zone America/Danmarkshavn -1:14:40 - LMT 1916 Jul 28
983 -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
1004 -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
984 -3:00 EU WG%sT 1996
985 0:00 - GMT
986Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:27:52 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormiit
1005 -3:00 EU WG%sT 1996
1006 0:00 - GMT
1007Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:27:52 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormiit
987 -2:00 - CGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
1008 -2:00 - CGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
988 -2:00 C-Eur CG%sT 1981 Mar 29
989 -1:00 EU EG%sT
990Zone America/Godthab -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Nuuk
1009 -2:00 C-Eur CG%sT 1981 Mar 29
1010 -1:00 EU EG%sT
1011Zone America/Godthab -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Nuuk
991 -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
1012 -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
992 -3:00 EU WG%sT
993Zone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik air base
994 -4:00 Thule A%sT
995
996# Estonia
997# From Peter Ilieve (1994-10-15):
998# A relative in Tallinn confirms the accuracy of the data for 1989 onwards
999# [through 1994] and gives the legal authority for it,

--- 6 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---

1006# (confusing) rules for International Air and Railway Transport Schedules
1007# conversion in Sunday connected with end of summer time in Estonia....
1008# A discussion is running about the summer time efficiency and effect on
1009# human physiology. It seems that Estonia maybe will not change to
1010# summer time next spring."
1011
1012# From Peter Ilieve (1998-11-04), heavily edited:
1013# The 1998-09-22 Estonian time law
1013 -3:00 EU WG%sT
1014Zone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik air base
1015 -4:00 Thule A%sT
1016
1017# Estonia
1018# From Peter Ilieve (1994-10-15):
1019# A relative in Tallinn confirms the accuracy of the data for 1989 onwards
1020# [through 1994] and gives the legal authority for it,

--- 6 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---

1027# (confusing) rules for International Air and Railway Transport Schedules
1028# conversion in Sunday connected with end of summer time in Estonia....
1029# A discussion is running about the summer time efficiency and effect on
1030# human physiology. It seems that Estonia maybe will not change to
1031# summer time next spring."
1032
1033# From Peter Ilieve (1998-11-04), heavily edited:
1034# The 1998-09-22 Estonian time law
1014# <http://trip.rk.ee/cgi-bin/thw?${BASE}=akt&${OOHTML}=rtd&TA=1998&TO=1&AN=1390>
1035# http://trip.rk.ee/cgi-bin/thw?${BASE}=akt&${OOHTML}=rtd&TA=1998&TO=1&AN=1390
1015# refers to the Eighth Directive and cites the association agreement between
1016# the EU and Estonia, ratified by the Estonian law (RT II 1995, 22-27, 120).
1017#
1018# I also asked [my relative] whether they use any standard abbreviation
1019# for their standard and summer times. He says no, they use "suveaeg"
1020# (summer time) and "talveaeg" (winter time).
1021
1022# From The Baltic Times <http://www.baltictimes.com/> (1999-09-09)

--- 14 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---

1037# The Estonian government has changed once again timezone politics.
1038# Now we are using again EU rules.
1039#
1040# From Urmet J��nes (2002-03-28):
1041# The legislative reference is Government decree No. 84 on 2002-02-21.
1042
1043# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1044Zone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880
1036# refers to the Eighth Directive and cites the association agreement between
1037# the EU and Estonia, ratified by the Estonian law (RT II 1995, 22-27, 120).
1038#
1039# I also asked [my relative] whether they use any standard abbreviation
1040# for their standard and summer times. He says no, they use "suveaeg"
1041# (summer time) and "talveaeg" (winter time).
1042
1043# From The Baltic Times <http://www.baltictimes.com/> (1999-09-09)

--- 14 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---

1058# The Estonian government has changed once again timezone politics.
1059# Now we are using again EU rules.
1060#
1061# From Urmet J��nes (2002-03-28):
1062# The legislative reference is Government decree No. 84 on 2002-02-21.
1063
1064# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1065Zone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880
1045 1:39:00 - TMT 1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time
1066 1:39:00 - TMT 1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time
1046 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1919 Jul
1047 1:39:00 - TMT 1921 May
1048 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 6
1049 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 15
1050 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 22
1067 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1919 Jul
1068 1:39:00 - TMT 1921 May
1069 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 6
1070 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 15
1071 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 22
1051 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
1052 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep 24 2:00s
1072 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
1073 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep 24 2:00s
1053 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 Sep 22
1054 2:00 EU EE%sT 1999 Nov 1
1055 2:00 - EET 2002 Feb 21
1056 2:00 EU EE%sT
1057
1058# Finland
1059
1060# From Hannu Strang (1994-09-25 06:03:37 UTC):

--- 129 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---

1190Rule France 1976 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 S
1191Rule France 1976 only - Sep 26 1:00 0 -
1192# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time, and Whitman 0:09:05,
1193# but Howse quotes the actual French legislation as saying 0:09:21.
1194# Go with Howse. Howse writes that the time in France was officially based
1195# on PMT-0:09:21 until 1978-08-09, when the time base finally switched to UTC.
1196# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1197Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01
1074 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 Sep 22
1075 2:00 EU EE%sT 1999 Nov 1
1076 2:00 - EET 2002 Feb 21
1077 2:00 EU EE%sT
1078
1079# Finland
1080
1081# From Hannu Strang (1994-09-25 06:03:37 UTC):

--- 129 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---

1211Rule France 1976 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 S
1212Rule France 1976 only - Sep 26 1:00 0 -
1213# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time, and Whitman 0:09:05,
1214# but Howse quotes the actual French legislation as saying 0:09:21.
1215# Go with Howse. Howse writes that the time in France was officially based
1216# on PMT-0:09:21 until 1978-08-09, when the time base finally switched to UTC.
1217# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1218Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01
1198 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Paris MT
1219 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Paris MT
1199# Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Jun 14 0:00; go with Excoffier and Le Corre.
1200 0:00 France WE%sT 1940 Jun 14 23:00
1201# Le Corre says Paris stuck with occupied-France time after the liberation;
1202# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1203 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 25
1204 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
1205 1:00 France CE%sT 1977
1206 1:00 EU CE%sT
1207
1208# Germany
1209
1210# From Markus Kuhn (1998-09-29):
1211# The German time zone web site by the Physikalisch-Technische
1212# Bundesanstalt contains DST information back to 1916.
1213# [See tz-link.htm for the URL.]
1214
1215# From J��rg Schilling (2002-10-23):
1216# In 1945, Berlin was switched to Moscow Summer time (GMT+4) by
1220# Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Jun 14 0:00; go with Excoffier and Le Corre.
1221 0:00 France WE%sT 1940 Jun 14 23:00
1222# Le Corre says Paris stuck with occupied-France time after the liberation;
1223# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1224 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 25
1225 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
1226 1:00 France CE%sT 1977
1227 1:00 EU CE%sT
1228
1229# Germany
1230
1231# From Markus Kuhn (1998-09-29):
1232# The German time zone web site by the Physikalisch-Technische
1233# Bundesanstalt contains DST information back to 1916.
1234# [See tz-link.htm for the URL.]
1235
1236# From J��rg Schilling (2002-10-23):
1237# In 1945, Berlin was switched to Moscow Summer time (GMT+4) by
1217# <http://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/BersarinNikolai/>
1238# http://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/BersarinNikolai/
1218# General [Nikolai] Bersarin.
1219
1220# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-08):
1221# http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf
1222# says that Bersarin issued an order to use Moscow time on May 20.
1223# However, Moscow did not observe daylight saving in 1945, so
1224# this was equivalent to CEMT (GMT+3), not GMT+4.
1225

--- 12 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---

1238Rule Germany 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S
1239
1240Rule SovietZone 1945 only - May 24 2:00 2:00 M # Midsummer
1241Rule SovietZone 1945 only - Sep 24 3:00 1:00 S
1242Rule SovietZone 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 -
1243
1244# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1245Zone Europe/Berlin 0:53:28 - LMT 1893 Apr
1239# General [Nikolai] Bersarin.
1240
1241# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-08):
1242# http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf
1243# says that Bersarin issued an order to use Moscow time on May 20.
1244# However, Moscow did not observe daylight saving in 1945, so
1245# this was equivalent to CEMT (GMT+3), not GMT+4.
1246

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1259Rule Germany 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S
1260
1261Rule SovietZone 1945 only - May 24 2:00 2:00 M # Midsummer
1262Rule SovietZone 1945 only - Sep 24 3:00 1:00 S
1263Rule SovietZone 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 -
1264
1265# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1266Zone Europe/Berlin 0:53:28 - LMT 1893 Apr
1246 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 24 2:00
1267 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 24 2:00
1247 1:00 SovietZone CE%sT 1946
1248 1:00 Germany CE%sT 1980
1249 1:00 EU CE%sT
1250
1251# From Tobias Conradi (2011-09-12):
1252# B��singen <http://www.buesingen.de>, surrounded by the Swiss canton
1253# Schaffhausen, did not start observing DST in 1980 as the rest of DE
1254# (West Germany at that time) and DD (East Germany at that time) did.
1255# DD merged into DE, the area is currently covered by code DE in ISO 3166-1,
1256# which in turn is covered by the zone Europe/Berlin.
1257#
1258# Source for the time in B��singen 1980:
1259# http://www.srf.ch/player/video?id=c012c029-03b7-4c2b-9164-aa5902cd58d3
1260
1261# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-03):
1268 1:00 SovietZone CE%sT 1946
1269 1:00 Germany CE%sT 1980
1270 1:00 EU CE%sT
1271
1272# From Tobias Conradi (2011-09-12):
1273# B��singen <http://www.buesingen.de>, surrounded by the Swiss canton
1274# Schaffhausen, did not start observing DST in 1980 as the rest of DE
1275# (West Germany at that time) and DD (East Germany at that time) did.
1276# DD merged into DE, the area is currently covered by code DE in ISO 3166-1,
1277# which in turn is covered by the zone Europe/Berlin.
1278#
1279# Source for the time in B��singen 1980:
1280# http://www.srf.ch/player/video?id=c012c029-03b7-4c2b-9164-aa5902cd58d3
1281
1282# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-03):
1262# Busingen and Zurich have shared clocks since 1970.
1283# B��singen and Zurich have shared clocks since 1970.
1263
1264Link Europe/Zurich Europe/Busingen
1265
1266# Georgia
1267# Please see the "asia" file for Asia/Tbilisi.
1268# Herodotus (Histories, IV.45) says Georgia north of the Phasis (now Rioni)
1269# is in Europe. Our reference location Tbilisi is in the Asian part.
1270
1271# Gibraltar
1272# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1284
1285Link Europe/Zurich Europe/Busingen
1286
1287# Georgia
1288# Please see the "asia" file for Asia/Tbilisi.
1289# Herodotus (Histories, IV.45) says Georgia north of the Phasis (now Rioni)
1290# is in Europe. Our reference location Tbilisi is in the Asian part.
1291
1292# Gibraltar
1293# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1273Zone Europe/Gibraltar -0:21:24 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 0:00s
1274 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1957 Apr 14 2:00
1294Zone Europe/Gibraltar -0:21:24 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 0:00s
1295 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1957 Apr 14 2:00
1275 1:00 - CET 1982
1276 1:00 EU CE%sT
1277
1278# Greece
1279# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1280# Whitman gives 1932 Jul 5 - Nov 1; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1281Rule Greece 1932 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 S
1282Rule Greece 1932 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -

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1297Rule Greece 1977 only - Sep 26 2:00s 0 -
1298Rule Greece 1978 only - Sep 24 4:00 0 -
1299Rule Greece 1979 only - Apr 1 9:00 1:00 S
1300Rule Greece 1979 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 -
1301Rule Greece 1980 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1302Rule Greece 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
1303# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1304Zone Europe/Athens 1:34:52 - LMT 1895 Sep 14
1296 1:00 - CET 1982
1297 1:00 EU CE%sT
1298
1299# Greece
1300# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1301# Whitman gives 1932 Jul 5 - Nov 1; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1302Rule Greece 1932 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 S
1303Rule Greece 1932 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -

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1318Rule Greece 1977 only - Sep 26 2:00s 0 -
1319Rule Greece 1978 only - Sep 24 4:00 0 -
1320Rule Greece 1979 only - Apr 1 9:00 1:00 S
1321Rule Greece 1979 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 -
1322Rule Greece 1980 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1323Rule Greece 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
1324# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1325Zone Europe/Athens 1:34:52 - LMT 1895 Sep 14
1305 1:34:52 - AMT 1916 Jul 28 0:01 # Athens MT
1326 1:34:52 - AMT 1916 Jul 28 0:01 # Athens MT
1306 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1941 Apr 30
1307 1:00 Greece CE%sT 1944 Apr 4
1308 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1981
1309 # Shanks & Pottenger say it switched to C-Eur in 1981;
1310 # go with EU instead, since Greece joined it on Jan 1.
1311 2:00 EU EE%sT
1312
1313# Hungary

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1398Rule Iceland 1947 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S
1399# 1949 Oct transition delayed by 1 week
1400Rule Iceland 1949 only - Oct 30 1:00s 0 -
1401Rule Iceland 1950 1966 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 -
1402Rule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 -
1403# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1404Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:27:24 - LMT 1837
1405 -1:27:48 - RMT 1908 # Reykjavik Mean Time?
1327 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1941 Apr 30
1328 1:00 Greece CE%sT 1944 Apr 4
1329 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1981
1330 # Shanks & Pottenger say it switched to C-Eur in 1981;
1331 # go with EU instead, since Greece joined it on Jan 1.
1332 2:00 EU EE%sT
1333
1334# Hungary

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1419Rule Iceland 1947 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S
1420# 1949 Oct transition delayed by 1 week
1421Rule Iceland 1949 only - Oct 30 1:00s 0 -
1422Rule Iceland 1950 1966 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 -
1423Rule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 -
1424# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1425Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:27:24 - LMT 1837
1426 -1:27:48 - RMT 1908 # Reykjavik Mean Time?
1406 -1:00 Iceland IS%sT 1968 Apr 7 1:00s
1427 -1:00 Iceland IS%sT 1968 Apr 7 1:00s
1407 0:00 - GMT
1408
1409# Italy
1410#
1411# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):
1412# Sicily and Sardinia each had their own time zones from 1866 to 1893,
1413# called Palermo Time (+00:53:28) and Cagliari Time (+00:36:32).
1414# During World War II, German-controlled Italy used German time.
1415# But these events all occurred before the 1970 cutoff,
1416# so record only the time in Rome.
1417#
1418# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1419# For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks & Pottenger, Whitman, and
1420# F. Pollastri
1421# Day-light Saving Time in Italy (2006-02-03)
1428 0:00 - GMT
1429
1430# Italy
1431#
1432# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):
1433# Sicily and Sardinia each had their own time zones from 1866 to 1893,
1434# called Palermo Time (+00:53:28) and Cagliari Time (+00:36:32).
1435# During World War II, German-controlled Italy used German time.
1436# But these events all occurred before the 1970 cutoff,
1437# so record only the time in Rome.
1438#
1439# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1440# For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks & Pottenger, Whitman, and
1441# F. Pollastri
1442# Day-light Saving Time in Italy (2006-02-03)
1422# <http://toi.iriti.cnr.it/uk/ienitlt.html>
1443# http://toi.iriti.cnr.it/uk/ienitlt.html
1423# ('FP' below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute
1424# publication. When the three sources disagree, guess who's right, as follows:
1425#
1426# year FP Shanks&P. (S) Whitman (W) Go with:
1427# 1916 06-03 06-03 24:00 06-03 00:00 FP & W
1428# 09-30 09-30 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s
1429# 1917 04-01 03-31 24:00 03-31 00:00 FP & S
1430# 09-30 09-29 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP & W

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1474Rule Italy 1975 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1475Rule Italy 1975 1977 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
1476Rule Italy 1976 only - May 30 0:00s 1:00 S
1477Rule Italy 1977 1979 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S
1478Rule Italy 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
1479Rule Italy 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 -
1480# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1481Zone Europe/Rome 0:49:56 - LMT 1866 Sep 22
1444# ('FP' below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute
1445# publication. When the three sources disagree, guess who's right, as follows:
1446#
1447# year FP Shanks&P. (S) Whitman (W) Go with:
1448# 1916 06-03 06-03 24:00 06-03 00:00 FP & W
1449# 09-30 09-30 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s
1450# 1917 04-01 03-31 24:00 03-31 00:00 FP & S
1451# 09-30 09-29 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP & W

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1495Rule Italy 1975 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1496Rule Italy 1975 1977 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
1497Rule Italy 1976 only - May 30 0:00s 1:00 S
1498Rule Italy 1977 1979 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S
1499Rule Italy 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
1500Rule Italy 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 -
1501# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1502Zone Europe/Rome 0:49:56 - LMT 1866 Sep 22
1482 0:49:56 - RMT 1893 Nov 1 0:00s # Rome Mean
1483 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
1503 0:49:56 - RMT 1893 Nov 1 0:00s # Rome Mean
1504 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
1484 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul
1485 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1980
1486 1:00 EU CE%sT
1487
1488Link Europe/Rome Europe/Vatican
1489Link Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino
1490
1491# Latvia

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1527
1528# From Andrei Ivanov (2000-03-06):
1529# This year Latvia will not switch to Daylight Savings Time (as specified in
1530# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Rep. of Latvia of
1531# 29-Feb-2000 (#79) <http://www.lv-laiks.lv/wwwraksti/2000/071072/vd4.htm>,
1532# in Latvian for subscribers only).
1533
1534# From RFE/RL Newsline
1505 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul
1506 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1980
1507 1:00 EU CE%sT
1508
1509Link Europe/Rome Europe/Vatican
1510Link Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino
1511
1512# Latvia

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1548
1549# From Andrei Ivanov (2000-03-06):
1550# This year Latvia will not switch to Daylight Savings Time (as specified in
1551# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Rep. of Latvia of
1552# 29-Feb-2000 (#79) <http://www.lv-laiks.lv/wwwraksti/2000/071072/vd4.htm>,
1553# in Latvian for subscribers only).
1554
1555# From RFE/RL Newsline
1535# <http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2001/01/3-CEE/cee-030101.html>
1556# http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2001/01/3-CEE/cee-030101.html
1536# (2001-01-03), noted after a heads-up by Rives McDow:
1537# The Latvian government on 2 January decided that the country will
1538# institute daylight-saving time this spring, LETA reported.
1539# Last February the three Baltic states decided not to turn back their
1540# clocks one hour in the spring....
1557# (2001-01-03), noted after a heads-up by Rives McDow:
1558# The Latvian government on 2 January decided that the country will
1559# institute daylight-saving time this spring, LETA reported.
1560# Last February the three Baltic states decided not to turn back their
1561# clocks one hour in the spring....
1541# Minister of Economy Aigars Kalvitis noted that Latvia had too few
1562# Minister of Economy Aigars Kalv��tis noted that Latvia had too few
1542# daylight hours and thus decided to comply with a draft European
1543# Commission directive that provides for instituting daylight-saving
1544# time in EU countries between 2002 and 2006. The Latvian government
1545# urged Lithuania and Estonia to adopt a similar time policy, but it
1546# appears that they will not do so....
1547
1548# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1549Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
1550Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
1551
1563# daylight hours and thus decided to comply with a draft European
1564# Commission directive that provides for instituting daylight-saving
1565# time in EU countries between 2002 and 2006. The Latvian government
1566# urged Lithuania and Estonia to adopt a similar time policy, but it
1567# appears that they will not do so....
1568
1569# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1570Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
1571Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
1572
1552# Milne says Riga time was 1:36:28 (Polytechnique House time).
1573# Milne 1899 says Riga was 1:36:28 (Polytechnique House time).
1574# Byalokoz 1919 says Latvia was 1:36:34.
1575# Go with Byalokoz.
1553
1554# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1576
1577# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1555Zone Europe/Riga 1:36:28 - LMT 1880
1556 1:36:28 - RMT 1918 Apr 15 2:00 #Riga Mean Time
1557 1:36:28 1:00 LST 1918 Sep 16 3:00 #Latvian Summer
1558 1:36:28 - RMT 1919 Apr 1 2:00
1559 1:36:28 1:00 LST 1919 May 22 3:00
1560 1:36:28 - RMT 1926 May 11
1578Zone Europe/Riga 1:36:34 - LMT 1880
1579 1:36:34 - RMT 1918 Apr 15 2:00 # Riga MT
1580 1:36:34 1:00 LST 1918 Sep 16 3:00 # Latvian ST
1581 1:36:34 - RMT 1919 Apr 1 2:00
1582 1:36:34 1:00 LST 1919 May 22 3:00
1583 1:36:34 - RMT 1926 May 11
1561 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 5
1562 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jul
1563 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 13
1584 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 5
1585 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jul
1586 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 13
1564 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar lastSun 2:00s
1565 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep lastSun 2:00s
1587 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar lastSun 2:00s
1588 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep lastSun 2:00s
1566 2:00 Latvia EE%sT 1997 Jan 21
1567 2:00 EU EE%sT 2000 Feb 29
1568 2:00 - EET 2001 Jan 2
1569 2:00 EU EE%sT
1570
1571# Liechtenstein
1572
1573# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-09):

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1615# down in EU Directive 2000/84 of 19.I.01 (i.e. at the same times as its
1616# neighbour Latvia). The text of the Lithuanian government Order of
1617# 7.XI.02 to this effect can be found at
1618# http://www.lrvk.lt/nut/11/n1749.htm
1619
1620
1621# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1622Zone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880
1589 2:00 Latvia EE%sT 1997 Jan 21
1590 2:00 EU EE%sT 2000 Feb 29
1591 2:00 - EET 2001 Jan 2
1592 2:00 EU EE%sT
1593
1594# Liechtenstein
1595
1596# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-09):

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1638# down in EU Directive 2000/84 of 19.I.01 (i.e. at the same times as its
1639# neighbour Latvia). The text of the Lithuanian government Order of
1640# 7.XI.02 to this effect can be found at
1641# http://www.lrvk.lt/nut/11/n1749.htm
1642
1643
1644# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1645Zone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880
1623 1:24:00 - WMT 1917 # Warsaw Mean Time
1646 1:24:00 - WMT 1917 # Warsaw Mean Time
1624 1:35:36 - KMT 1919 Oct 10 # Kaunas Mean Time
1625 1:00 - CET 1920 Jul 12
1626 2:00 - EET 1920 Oct 9
1627 1:00 - CET 1940 Aug 3
1628 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 24
1629 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug
1647 1:35:36 - KMT 1919 Oct 10 # Kaunas Mean Time
1648 1:00 - CET 1920 Jul 12
1649 2:00 - EET 1920 Oct 9
1650 1:00 - CET 1940 Aug 3
1651 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 24
1652 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug
1630 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1631 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1653 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1654 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1632 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998
1655 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998
1633 2:00 - EET 1998 Mar 29 1:00u
1634 1:00 EU CE%sT 1999 Oct 31 1:00u
1656 2:00 - EET 1998 Mar 29 1:00u
1657 1:00 EU CE%sT 1999 Oct 31 1:00u
1635 2:00 - EET 2003 Jan 1
1636 2:00 EU EE%sT
1637
1638# Luxembourg
1639# Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways;
1640# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1641# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1642Rule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S

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1660Rule Lux 1925 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S
1661Rule Lux 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 S
1662Rule Lux 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 S
1663Rule Lux 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00 1:00 S
1664Rule Lux 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 S
1665# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1666Zone Europe/Luxembourg 0:24:36 - LMT 1904 Jun
1667 1:00 Lux CE%sT 1918 Nov 25
1658 2:00 - EET 2003 Jan 1
1659 2:00 EU EE%sT
1660
1661# Luxembourg
1662# Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways;
1663# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1664# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1665Rule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S

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1683Rule Lux 1925 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S
1684Rule Lux 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 S
1685Rule Lux 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 S
1686Rule Lux 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00 1:00 S
1687Rule Lux 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 S
1688# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1689Zone Europe/Luxembourg 0:24:36 - LMT 1904 Jun
1690 1:00 Lux CE%sT 1918 Nov 25
1668 0:00 Lux WE%sT 1929 Oct 6 2:00s
1669 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 14 3:00
1670 1:00 C-Eur WE%sT 1944 Sep 18 3:00
1691 0:00 Lux WE%sT 1929 Oct 6 2:00s
1692 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 14 3:00
1693 1:00 C-Eur WE%sT 1944 Sep 18 3:00
1671 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977
1672 1:00 EU CE%sT
1673
1674# Macedonia
1675# See Europe/Belgrade.
1676
1677# Malta
1678# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1679Rule Malta 1973 only - Mar 31 0:00s 1:00 S
1680Rule Malta 1973 only - Sep 29 0:00s 0 -
1681Rule Malta 1974 only - Apr 21 0:00s 1:00 S
1682Rule Malta 1974 only - Sep 16 0:00s 0 -
1683Rule Malta 1975 1979 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S
1684Rule Malta 1975 1980 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
1685Rule Malta 1980 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
1686# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1694 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977
1695 1:00 EU CE%sT
1696
1697# Macedonia
1698# See Europe/Belgrade.
1699
1700# Malta
1701# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1702Rule Malta 1973 only - Mar 31 0:00s 1:00 S
1703Rule Malta 1973 only - Sep 29 0:00s 0 -
1704Rule Malta 1974 only - Apr 21 0:00s 1:00 S
1705Rule Malta 1974 only - Sep 16 0:00s 0 -
1706Rule Malta 1975 1979 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S
1707Rule Malta 1975 1980 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
1708Rule Malta 1980 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
1709# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1687Zone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 2 0:00s # Valletta
1688 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
1689 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s
1710Zone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 2 0:00s # Valletta
1711 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
1712 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s
1690 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1973 Mar 31
1691 1:00 Malta CE%sT 1981
1692 1:00 EU CE%sT
1693
1694# Moldova
1695
1696# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1697# A previous version of this database followed Shanks & Pottenger, who write

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1747# See Romania commentary for the guessed 1997 transition to EU rules.
1748 2:00 EU EE%sT
1749
1750# Monaco
1751# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
1752# more precise 0:09:21.
1753# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1754Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15
1713 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1973 Mar 31
1714 1:00 Malta CE%sT 1981
1715 1:00 EU CE%sT
1716
1717# Moldova
1718
1719# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1720# A previous version of this database followed Shanks & Pottenger, who write

--- 49 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---

1770# See Romania commentary for the guessed 1997 transition to EU rules.
1771 2:00 EU EE%sT
1772
1773# Monaco
1774# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
1775# more precise 0:09:21.
1776# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1777Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15
1755 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
1756 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
1778 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
1779 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
1757 1:00 France CE%sT 1977
1758 1:00 EU CE%sT
1759
1760# Montenegro
1761# See Europe/Belgrade.
1762
1763# Netherlands
1764

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1792# places linked up with the telegraph (and railway) system automatically
1793# adopted Amsterdam mean time.
1794#
1795# Although the early Dutch railway companies initially observed a variety
1796# of times, most of them had adopted Amsterdam mean time by 1858 but it
1797# was not until 1866 when they were all required by law to observe
1798# Amsterdam mean time.
1799
1780 1:00 France CE%sT 1977
1781 1:00 EU CE%sT
1782
1783# Montenegro
1784# See Europe/Belgrade.
1785
1786# Netherlands
1787

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1815# places linked up with the telegraph (and railway) system automatically
1816# adopted Amsterdam mean time.
1817#
1818# Although the early Dutch railway companies initially observed a variety
1819# of times, most of them had adopted Amsterdam mean time by 1858 but it
1820# was not until 1866 when they were all required by law to observe
1821# Amsterdam mean time.
1822
1800# The data before 1945 are taken from
1801# <http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/wettijd/wettijd.htm>.
1823# The data entries before 1945 are taken from
1824# http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/wettijd/wettijd.htm
1802
1803# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1804Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time
1805Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time
1806Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST
1807Rule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT
1808Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
1809Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep lastMon 2:00s 0 AMT

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1824Rule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
1825Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
1826#
1827# Amsterdam Mean Time was +00:19:32.13 exactly, but the .13 is omitted
1828# below because the current format requires GMTOFF to be an integer.
1829# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1830Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:32 - LMT 1835
1831 0:19:32 Neth %s 1937 Jul 1
1825
1826# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1827Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time
1828Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time
1829Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST
1830Rule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT
1831Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
1832Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep lastMon 2:00s 0 AMT

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1847Rule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
1848Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
1849#
1850# Amsterdam Mean Time was +00:19:32.13 exactly, but the .13 is omitted
1851# below because the current format requires GMTOFF to be an integer.
1852# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1853Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:32 - LMT 1835
1854 0:19:32 Neth %s 1937 Jul 1
1832 0:20 Neth NE%sT 1940 May 16 0:00 # Dutch Time
1833 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
1855 0:20 Neth NE%sT 1940 May 16 0:00 # Dutch Time
1856 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
1834 1:00 Neth CE%sT 1977
1835 1:00 EU CE%sT
1836
1837# Norway
1838# http://met.no/met/met_lex/q_u/sommertid.html (2004-01) agrees with Shanks &
1839# Pottenger.
1840# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1841Rule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 S

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1888# Jan Mayen used German daylight-saving rules.
1889#
1890# Svalbard is more complicated, as it was raided in August 1941 by an
1891# Allied party that evacuated the civilian population to England (says
1892# <http://www.bartleby.com/65/sv/Svalbard.html>). The Svalbard FAQ
1893# <http://www.svalbard.com/SvalbardFAQ.html> says that the Germans were
1894# expelled on 1942-05-14. However, small parties of Germans did return,
1895# and according to Wilhelm Dege's book "War North of 80" (1954)
1857 1:00 Neth CE%sT 1977
1858 1:00 EU CE%sT
1859
1860# Norway
1861# http://met.no/met/met_lex/q_u/sommertid.html (2004-01) agrees with Shanks &
1862# Pottenger.
1863# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1864Rule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 S

--- 46 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---

1911# Jan Mayen used German daylight-saving rules.
1912#
1913# Svalbard is more complicated, as it was raided in August 1941 by an
1914# Allied party that evacuated the civilian population to England (says
1915# <http://www.bartleby.com/65/sv/Svalbard.html>). The Svalbard FAQ
1916# <http://www.svalbard.com/SvalbardFAQ.html> says that the Germans were
1917# expelled on 1942-05-14. However, small parties of Germans did return,
1918# and according to Wilhelm Dege's book "War North of 80" (1954)
1896# <http://www.ucalgary.ca/UofC/departments/UP/1-55238/1-55238-110-2.html>
1919# http://www.ucalgary.ca/UofC/departments/UP/1-55238/1-55238-110-2.html
1897# the German armed forces at the Svalbard weather station code-named
1898# Haudegen did not surrender to the Allies until September 1945.
1899#
1900# All these events predate our cutoff date of 1970, so use Europe/Oslo
1901# for these regions.
1902Link Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen
1903
1904# Poland

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1912Rule Poland 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S
1913# Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1914Rule Poland 1944 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
1915# For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1916Rule Poland 1945 only - Apr 29 0:00 1:00 S
1917Rule Poland 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
1918# For 1946 on the source is Kazimierz Borkowski,
1919# Toru�� Center for Astronomy, Dept. of Radio Astronomy, Nicolaus Copernicus U.,
1920# the German armed forces at the Svalbard weather station code-named
1921# Haudegen did not surrender to the Allies until September 1945.
1922#
1923# All these events predate our cutoff date of 1970, so use Europe/Oslo
1924# for these regions.
1925Link Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen
1926
1927# Poland

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1935Rule Poland 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S
1936# Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1937Rule Poland 1944 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
1938# For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1939Rule Poland 1945 only - Apr 29 0:00 1:00 S
1940Rule Poland 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
1941# For 1946 on the source is Kazimierz Borkowski,
1942# Toru�� Center for Astronomy, Dept. of Radio Astronomy, Nicolaus Copernicus U.,
1920# <http://www.astro.uni.torun.pl/~kb/Artykuly/U-PA/Czas2.htm#tth_tAb1>
1943# http://www.astro.uni.torun.pl/~kb/Artykuly/U-PA/Czas2.htm#tth_tAb1
1921# Thanks to Przemys��aw Augustyniak (2005-05-28) for this reference.
1922# He also gives these further references:
1923# Mon Pol nr 13, poz 162 (1995) <http://www.abc.com.pl/serwis/mp/1995/0162.htm>
1924# Druk nr 2180 (2003) <http://www.senat.gov.pl/k5/dok/sejm/053/2180.pdf>
1925Rule Poland 1946 only - Apr 14 0:00s 1:00 S
1926Rule Poland 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 -
1927Rule Poland 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S
1928Rule Poland 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -

--- 4 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---

1933Rule Poland 1958 only - Mar 30 1:00s 1:00 S
1934Rule Poland 1959 only - May 31 1:00s 1:00 S
1935Rule Poland 1959 1961 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00s 0 -
1936Rule Poland 1960 only - Apr 3 1:00s 1:00 S
1937Rule Poland 1961 1964 - May lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
1938Rule Poland 1962 1964 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
1939# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1940Zone Europe/Warsaw 1:24:00 - LMT 1880
1944# Thanks to Przemys��aw Augustyniak (2005-05-28) for this reference.
1945# He also gives these further references:
1946# Mon Pol nr 13, poz 162 (1995) <http://www.abc.com.pl/serwis/mp/1995/0162.htm>
1947# Druk nr 2180 (2003) <http://www.senat.gov.pl/k5/dok/sejm/053/2180.pdf>
1948Rule Poland 1946 only - Apr 14 0:00s 1:00 S
1949Rule Poland 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 -
1950Rule Poland 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S
1951Rule Poland 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -

--- 4 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---

1956Rule Poland 1958 only - Mar 30 1:00s 1:00 S
1957Rule Poland 1959 only - May 31 1:00s 1:00 S
1958Rule Poland 1959 1961 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00s 0 -
1959Rule Poland 1960 only - Apr 3 1:00s 1:00 S
1960Rule Poland 1961 1964 - May lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
1961Rule Poland 1962 1964 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
1962# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1963Zone Europe/Warsaw 1:24:00 - LMT 1880
1941 1:24:00 - WMT 1915 Aug 5 # Warsaw Mean Time
1942 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Sep 16 3:00
1964 1:24:00 - WMT 1915 Aug 5 # Warsaw Mean Time
1965 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Sep 16 3:00
1943 2:00 Poland EE%sT 1922 Jun
1966 2:00 Poland EE%sT 1922 Jun
1944 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1940 Jun 23 2:00
1967 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1940 Jun 23 2:00
1945 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct
1946 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1977
1947 1:00 W-Eur CE%sT 1988
1948 1:00 EU CE%sT
1949
1950# Portugal
1951#
1968 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct
1969 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1977
1970 1:00 W-Eur CE%sT 1988
1971 1:00 EU CE%sT
1972
1973# Portugal
1974#
1975# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-11), after a heads-up from Stephen Colebourne:
1976# According to a Portuguese decree (1911-05-26)
1977# http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
1978# Lisbon was at -0:36:44.68, but switched to GMT on 1912-01-01 at 00:00.
1979# Round the old offset to -0:36:45. This agrees with Willett but disagrees
1980# with Shanks, who says the transition occurred on 1911-05-24 at 00:00 for
1981# Europe/Lisbon, Atlantic/Azores, and Atlantic/Madeira.
1982#
1952# From Rui Pedro Salgueiro (1992-11-12):
1953# Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone
1954# (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC.
1955#
1956# Martin Bruckmann (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve
1957# that Portugal is reverting to 0:00 by not moving its clocks this spring.
1958# The new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter.
1959#

--- 63 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---

2023Rule Port 1977 only - Mar 27 0:00s 1:00 S
2024Rule Port 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00s 0 -
2025Rule Port 1978 1979 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 S
2026Rule Port 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
2027Rule Port 1979 1982 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
2028Rule Port 1980 only - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S
2029Rule Port 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
2030Rule Port 1983 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
1983# From Rui Pedro Salgueiro (1992-11-12):
1984# Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone
1985# (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC.
1986#
1987# Martin Bruckmann (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve
1988# that Portugal is reverting to 0:00 by not moving its clocks this spring.
1989# The new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter.
1990#

--- 63 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---

2054Rule Port 1977 only - Mar 27 0:00s 1:00 S
2055Rule Port 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00s 0 -
2056Rule Port 1978 1979 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 S
2057Rule Port 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
2058Rule Port 1979 1982 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
2059Rule Port 1980 only - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S
2060Rule Port 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
2061Rule Port 1983 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
2062#
2031# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2063# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2032# Shanks & Pottenger say the transition from LMT to WET occurred 1911-05-24;
2033# Willett says 1912-01-01. Go with Willett.
2034Zone Europe/Lisbon -0:36:32 - LMT 1884
2035 -0:36:32 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 # Lisbon Mean Time
2036 0:00 Port WE%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00
2037 1:00 - CET 1976 Sep 26 1:00
2038 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
2039 0:00 W-Eur WE%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s
2040 1:00 EU CE%sT 1996 Mar 31 1:00u
2064Zone Europe/Lisbon -0:36:45 - LMT 1884
2065 -0:36:45 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 # Lisbon Mean Time
2066 0:00 Port WE%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00
2067 1:00 - CET 1976 Sep 26 1:00
2068 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
2069 0:00 W-Eur WE%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s
2070 1:00 EU CE%sT 1996 Mar 31 1:00u
2041 0:00 EU WE%sT
2071 0:00 EU WE%sT
2042Zone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada
2043 -1:54:32 - HMT 1911 May 24 # Horta Mean Time
2044 -2:00 Port AZO%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Azores Time
2045 -1:00 Port AZO%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
2046 -1:00 W-Eur AZO%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s
2047 0:00 EU WE%sT 1993 Mar 28 1:00u
2072Zone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada
2073 -1:54:32 - HMT 1912 Jan 1 # Horta Mean Time
2074 -2:00 Port AZO%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Azores Time
2075 -1:00 Port AZO%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
2076 -1:00 W-Eur AZO%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s
2077 0:00 EU WE%sT 1993 Mar 28 1:00u
2048 -1:00 EU AZO%sT
2078 -1:00 EU AZO%sT
2049Zone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal
2050 -1:07:36 - FMT 1911 May 24 # Funchal Mean Time
2051 -1:00 Port MAD%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Madeira Time
2052 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
2079Zone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal
2080 -1:07:36 - FMT 1912 Jan 1 # Funchal Mean Time
2081 -1:00 Port MAD%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Madeira Time
2082 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
2053 0:00 EU WE%sT
2054
2055# Romania
2056#
2057# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-07):
2058# Nine O'clock <http://www.nineoclock.ro/POL/1778pol.html>
2059# (1998-10-23) reports that the switch occurred at
2060# 04:00 local time in fall 1998. For lack of better info,

--- 7 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---

2068Rule Romania 1979 only - May 27 0:00 1:00 S
2069Rule Romania 1979 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
2070Rule Romania 1980 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S
2071Rule Romania 1980 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
2072Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S
2073Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
2074# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2075Zone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct
2083 0:00 EU WE%sT
2084
2085# Romania
2086#
2087# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-07):
2088# Nine O'clock <http://www.nineoclock.ro/POL/1778pol.html>
2089# (1998-10-23) reports that the switch occurred at
2090# 04:00 local time in fall 1998. For lack of better info,

--- 7 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---

2098Rule Romania 1979 only - May 27 0:00 1:00 S
2099Rule Romania 1979 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
2100Rule Romania 1980 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S
2101Rule Romania 1980 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
2102Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S
2103Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
2104# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2105Zone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct
2076 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
2077 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00s
2106 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
2107 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00s
2078 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991
2079 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1994
2080 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997
2081 2:00 EU EE%sT
2082
2083
2084# Russia
2085

--- 119 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---

2205# future stability. ISO 3166-2:RU codes are also listed for first-level
2206# divisions where available.
2207
2208# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2209
2210
2211# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
2212# Europe/Kaliningrad covers...
2108 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991
2109 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1994
2110 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997
2111 2:00 EU EE%sT
2112
2113
2114# Russia
2115

--- 119 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---

2235# future stability. ISO 3166-2:RU codes are also listed for first-level
2236# divisions where available.
2237
2238# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2239
2240
2241# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
2242# Europe/Kaliningrad covers...
2213# 39 RU-KGD Kaliningrad Oblast
2243# 39 RU-KGD Kaliningrad Oblast
2214
2215Zone Europe/Kaliningrad 1:22:00 - LMT 1893 Apr
2216 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945
2217 2:00 Poland CE%sT 1946
2244
2245Zone Europe/Kaliningrad 1:22:00 - LMT 1893 Apr
2246 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945
2247 2:00 Poland CE%sT 1946
2218 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2219 2:00 Russia EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2220 3:00 - FET 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2248 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2249 2:00 Russia EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2250 3:00 - FET 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2221 2:00 - EET
2222
2223
2224# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
2225# Europe/Moscow covers...
2251 2:00 - EET
2252
2253
2254# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
2255# Europe/Moscow covers...
2226# 01 RU-AD Adygea, Republic of
2227# 05 RU-DA Dagestan, Republic of
2228# 06 RU-IN Ingushetia, Republic of
2229# 07 RU-KB Kabardino-Balkar Republic
2230# 08 RU-KL Kalmykia, Republic of
2231# 09 RU-KC Karachay-Cherkess Republic
2232# 10 RU-KR Karelia, Republic of
2233# 11 RU-KO Komi Republic
2234# 12 RU-ME Mari El Republic
2235# 13 RU-MO Mordovia, Republic of
2236# 15 RU-SE North Ossetia-Alania, Republic of
2237# 16 RU-TA Tatarstan, Republic of
2238# 20 RU-CE Chechen Republic
2239# 21 RU-CU Chuvash Republic
2240# 23 RU-KDA Krasnodar Krai
2241# 26 RU-STA Stavropol Krai
2242# 29 RU-ARK Arkhangelsk Oblast
2243# 31 RU-BEL Belgorod Oblast
2244# 32 RU-BRY Bryansk Oblast
2245# 33 RU-VLA Vladimir Oblast
2246# 35 RU-VLG Vologda Oblast
2247# 36 RU-VOR Voronezh Oblast
2248# 37 RU-IVA Ivanovo Oblast
2249# 40 RU-KLU Kaluga Oblast
2250# 44 RU-KOS Kostroma Oblast
2251# 46 RU-KRS Kursk Oblast
2252# 47 RU-LEN Leningrad Oblast
2253# 48 RU-LIP Lipetsk Oblast
2254# 50 RU-MOS Moscow Oblast
2255# 51 RU-MUR Murmansk Oblast
2256# 52 RU-NIZ Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
2257# 53 RU-NGR Novgorod Oblast
2258# 57 RU-ORL Oryol Oblast
2259# 58 RU-PNZ Penza Oblast
2260# 60 RU-PSK Pskov Oblast
2261# 61 RU-ROS Rostov Oblast
2262# 62 RU-RYA Ryazan Oblast
2263# 67 RU-SMO Smolensk Oblast
2264# 68 RU-TAM Tambov Oblast
2265# 69 RU-TVE Tver Oblast
2266# 71 RU-TUL Tula Oblast
2267# 73 RU-ULY Ulyanovsk Oblast
2268# 76 RU-YAR Yaroslavl Oblast
2269# 77 RU-MOW Moscow
2270# 78 RU-SPE Saint Petersburg
2271# 83 RU-NEN Nenets Autonomous Okrug
2256# 01 RU-AD Adygea, Republic of
2257# 05 RU-DA Dagestan, Republic of
2258# 06 RU-IN Ingushetia, Republic of
2259# 07 RU-KB Kabardino-Balkar Republic
2260# 08 RU-KL Kalmykia, Republic of
2261# 09 RU-KC Karachay-Cherkess Republic
2262# 10 RU-KR Karelia, Republic of
2263# 11 RU-KO Komi Republic
2264# 12 RU-ME Mari El Republic
2265# 13 RU-MO Mordovia, Republic of
2266# 15 RU-SE North Ossetia-Alania, Republic of
2267# 16 RU-TA Tatarstan, Republic of
2268# 20 RU-CE Chechen Republic
2269# 21 RU-CU Chuvash Republic
2270# 23 RU-KDA Krasnodar Krai
2271# 26 RU-STA Stavropol Krai
2272# 29 RU-ARK Arkhangelsk Oblast
2273# 31 RU-BEL Belgorod Oblast
2274# 32 RU-BRY Bryansk Oblast
2275# 33 RU-VLA Vladimir Oblast
2276# 35 RU-VLG Vologda Oblast
2277# 36 RU-VOR Voronezh Oblast
2278# 37 RU-IVA Ivanovo Oblast
2279# 40 RU-KLU Kaluga Oblast
2280# 44 RU-KOS Kostroma Oblast
2281# 46 RU-KRS Kursk Oblast
2282# 47 RU-LEN Leningrad Oblast
2283# 48 RU-LIP Lipetsk Oblast
2284# 50 RU-MOS Moscow Oblast
2285# 51 RU-MUR Murmansk Oblast
2286# 52 RU-NIZ Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
2287# 53 RU-NGR Novgorod Oblast
2288# 57 RU-ORL Oryol Oblast
2289# 58 RU-PNZ Penza Oblast
2290# 60 RU-PSK Pskov Oblast
2291# 61 RU-ROS Rostov Oblast
2292# 62 RU-RYA Ryazan Oblast
2293# 67 RU-SMO Smolensk Oblast
2294# 68 RU-TAM Tambov Oblast
2295# 69 RU-TVE Tver Oblast
2296# 71 RU-TUL Tula Oblast
2297# 73 RU-ULY Ulyanovsk Oblast
2298# 76 RU-YAR Yaroslavl Oblast
2299# 77 RU-MOW Moscow
2300# 78 RU-SPE Saint Petersburg
2301# 83 RU-NEN Nenets Autonomous Okrug
2272
2273# From Vladimir Karpinsky (2014-07-08):
2274# LMT in Moscow (before Jul 3, 1916) is 2:30:17, that was defined by Moscow
2275# Observatory (coordinates: 55 deg. 45'29.70", 37 deg. 34'05.30")....
2276# LMT in Moscow since Jul 3, 1916 is 2:31:01 as a result of new standard.
2302
2303# From Vladimir Karpinsky (2014-07-08):
2304# LMT in Moscow (before Jul 3, 1916) is 2:30:17, that was defined by Moscow
2305# Observatory (coordinates: 55 deg. 45'29.70", 37 deg. 34'05.30")....
2306# LMT in Moscow since Jul 3, 1916 is 2:31:01 as a result of new standard.
2277# (The info is from the book by Byalokoz E.L. New Counting of Time in Russia
2278# since July 1, 1919, p. 18.) The time in St. Petersburg as capital of Russia
2279# was defined by Pulkov observatory, near St. Petersburg. In 1916 LMT Moscow
2307# (The info is from the book by Byalokoz ... p. 18.)
2308# The time in St. Petersburg as capital of Russia was defined by
2309# Pulkov observatory, near St. Petersburg. In 1916 LMT Moscow
2280# was synchronized with LMT St. Petersburg (+30 minutes), (Pulkov observatory
2281# coordinates: 59 deg. 46'18.70", 30 deg. 19'40.70") so 30 deg. 19'40.70" >
2282# 2h01m18.7s = 2:01:19. LMT Moscow = LMT St.Petersburg + 30m 2:01:19 + 0:30 =
2283# 2:31:19 ...
2284#
2285# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08):
2286# Milne does not list Moscow, but suggests that its time might be listed in
2287# R��sum��s mensuels et annuels des observations m��t��orologiques (1895).
2288# Presumably this is OCLC 85825704, a journal published with parallel text in
2289# Russian and French. This source has not been located; go with Karpinsky.
2290
2291Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:17 - LMT 1880
2292 2:30:17 - MMT 1916 Jul 3 # Moscow Mean Time
2310# was synchronized with LMT St. Petersburg (+30 minutes), (Pulkov observatory
2311# coordinates: 59 deg. 46'18.70", 30 deg. 19'40.70") so 30 deg. 19'40.70" >
2312# 2h01m18.7s = 2:01:19. LMT Moscow = LMT St.Petersburg + 30m 2:01:19 + 0:30 =
2313# 2:31:19 ...
2314#
2315# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08):
2316# Milne does not list Moscow, but suggests that its time might be listed in
2317# R��sum��s mensuels et annuels des observations m��t��orologiques (1895).
2318# Presumably this is OCLC 85825704, a journal published with parallel text in
2319# Russian and French. This source has not been located; go with Karpinsky.
2320
2321Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:17 - LMT 1880
2322 2:30:17 - MMT 1916 Jul 3 # Moscow Mean Time
2293 2:31:19 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 2:00
2323 2:31:19 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 2:00
2294 3:00 Russia %s 1921 Oct
2295 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1922 Oct
2296 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
2324 3:00 Russia %s 1921 Oct
2325 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1922 Oct
2326 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
2297 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2298 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2299 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2300 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2327 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2328 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2329 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2330 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2301 3:00 - MSK
2302
2303
2304# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
2305# Europe/Simferopol covers...
2306# ** **** Crimea, Republic of
2307# ** **** Sevastopol
2308
2309Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880
2310 2:16 - SMT 1924 May 2 # Simferopol Mean T
2311 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
2312 3:00 - MSK 1941 Nov
2313 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Apr 13
2314 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
2331 3:00 - MSK
2332
2333
2334# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
2335# Europe/Simferopol covers...
2336# ** **** Crimea, Republic of
2337# ** **** Sevastopol
2338
2339Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880
2340 2:16 - SMT 1924 May 2 # Simferopol Mean T
2341 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
2342 3:00 - MSK 1941 Nov
2343 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Apr 13
2344 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
2315 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00
2345 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00
2316 2:00 - EET 1992
2317# Central Crimea used Moscow time 1994/1997.
2318#
2319# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
2320# The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that central Crimea switched
2321# from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections.
2322# Shanks (1999) says "date of change uncertain", but implies that it happened
2323# sometime between the 1994 DST switches. Shanks & Pottenger simply say
2324# 1994-09-25 03:00, but that can't be right. For now, guess it
2325# changed in May.
2326 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1994 May
2327# From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev.
2346 2:00 - EET 1992
2347# Central Crimea used Moscow time 1994/1997.
2348#
2349# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
2350# The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that central Crimea switched
2351# from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections.
2352# Shanks (1999) says "date of change uncertain", but implies that it happened
2353# sometime between the 1994 DST switches. Shanks & Pottenger simply say
2354# 1994-09-25 03:00, but that can't be right. For now, guess it
2355# changed in May.
2356 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1994 May
2357# From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev.
2328 3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 Mar 31 3:00s
2329 3:00 1:00 MSD 1996 Oct 27 3:00s
2358 3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 Mar 31 3:00s
2359 3:00 1:00 MSD 1996 Oct 27 3:00s
2330# IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST.
2331# Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks.
2332 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1997
2360# IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST.
2361# Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks.
2362 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1997
2333 3:00 - MSK 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u
2363 3:00 - MSK 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u
2334# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-03-17):
2335# time change at 2:00 (2am) on March 30, 2014
2336# http://vz.ru/news/2014/3/17/677464.html
2337# From Paul Eggert (2014-03-30):
2338# Simferopol and Sevastopol reportedly changed their central town clocks
2339# late the previous day, but this appears to have been ceremonial
2340# and the discrepancies are small enough to not worry about.
2364# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-03-17):
2365# time change at 2:00 (2am) on March 30, 2014
2366# http://vz.ru/news/2014/3/17/677464.html
2367# From Paul Eggert (2014-03-30):
2368# Simferopol and Sevastopol reportedly changed their central town clocks
2369# late the previous day, but this appears to have been ceremonial
2370# and the discrepancies are small enough to not worry about.
2341 2:00 EU EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 2:00
2342 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2371 2:00 EU EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 2:00
2372 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2343 3:00 - MSK
2344
2345
2346# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
2347# Europe/Volgograd covers...
2373 3:00 - MSK
2374
2375
2376# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
2377# Europe/Volgograd covers...
2348# 30 RU-AST Astrakhan Oblast
2349# 34 RU-VGG Volgograd Oblast
2350# 43 RU-KIR Kirov Oblast
2351# 64 RU-SAR Saratov Oblast
2378# 30 RU-AST Astrakhan Oblast
2379# 34 RU-VGG Volgograd Oblast
2380# 43 RU-KIR Kirov Oblast
2381# 64 RU-SAR Saratov Oblast
2352
2353# From Paul Eggert (2006-05-09):
2354# Shanks & Pottenger say Kirov is still at +0400 but Wikipedia says +0300.
2355# Perhaps it switched after the others? But we have no data.
2356
2357Zone Europe/Volgograd 2:57:40 - LMT 1920 Jan 3
2358 3:00 - TSAT 1925 Apr 6 # Tsaritsyn Time
2359 3:00 - STAT 1930 Jun 21 # Stalingrad Time
2360 4:00 - STAT 1961 Nov 11
2382
2383# From Paul Eggert (2006-05-09):
2384# Shanks & Pottenger say Kirov is still at +0400 but Wikipedia says +0300.
2385# Perhaps it switched after the others? But we have no data.
2386
2387Zone Europe/Volgograd 2:57:40 - LMT 1920 Jan 3
2388 3:00 - TSAT 1925 Apr 6 # Tsaritsyn Time
2389 3:00 - STAT 1930 Jun 21 # Stalingrad Time
2390 4:00 - STAT 1961 Nov 11
2361 4:00 Russia VOL%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Volgograd T
2362 3:00 Russia VOL%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2363 4:00 - VOLT 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
2364 3:00 Russia MSK 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2365 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2391 4:00 Russia VOL%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Volgograd T
2392 3:00 Russia VOL%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2393 4:00 - VOLT 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
2394 3:00 Russia MSK 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2395 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2366 3:00 - MSK
2367
2368
2369# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
2370# Europe/Samara covers...
2396 3:00 - MSK
2397
2398
2399# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
2400# Europe/Samara covers...
2371# 18 RU-UD Udmurt Republic
2372# 63 RU-SAM Samara Oblast
2401# 18 RU-UD Udmurt Republic
2402# 63 RU-SAM Samara Oblast
2373
2403
2374Zone Europe/Samara 3:20:36 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 2:00
2404# Byalokoz 1919 says Samara was 3:20:20.
2405
2406Zone Europe/Samara 3:20:20 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 2:00
2375 3:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21
2376 4:00 - SAMT 1935 Jan 27
2407 3:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21
2408 4:00 - SAMT 1935 Jan 27
2377 4:00 Russia KUY%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Kuybyshev
2378 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2379 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
2380 3:00 - KUYT 1991 Oct 20 3:00
2381 4:00 Russia SAM%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s # Samara Time
2382 3:00 Russia SAM%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2409 4:00 Russia KUY%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Kuybyshev
2410 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2411 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
2412 3:00 - KUYT 1991 Oct 20 3:00
2413 4:00 Russia SAM%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s # Samara Time
2414 3:00 Russia SAM%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2383 4:00 - SAMT
2384
2385
2386# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
2387# Asia/Yekaterinburg covers...
2415 4:00 - SAMT
2416
2417
2418# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
2419# Asia/Yekaterinburg covers...
2388# 02 RU-BA Bashkortostan, Republic of
2389# 90 RU-PER Perm Krai
2390# 45 RU-KGN Kurgan Oblast
2391# 56 RU-ORE Orenburg Oblast
2392# 66 RU-SVE Sverdlovsk Oblast
2393# 72 RU-TYU Tyumen Oblast
2394# 74 RU-CHE Chelyabinsk Oblast
2395# 86 RU-KHM Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra
2396# 89 RU-YAN Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug
2420# 02 RU-BA Bashkortostan, Republic of
2421# 90 RU-PER Perm Krai
2422# 45 RU-KGN Kurgan Oblast
2423# 56 RU-ORE Orenburg Oblast
2424# 66 RU-SVE Sverdlovsk Oblast
2425# 72 RU-TYU Tyumen Oblast
2426# 74 RU-CHE Chelyabinsk Oblast
2427# 86 RU-KHM Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra
2428# 89 RU-YAN Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug
2397#
2398# Note: Effective 2005-12-01, (59) Perm Oblast and (81) Komi-Permyak
2399# Autonomous Okrug merged to form (90, RU-PER) Perm Krai.
2400
2429#
2430# Note: Effective 2005-12-01, (59) Perm Oblast and (81) Komi-Permyak
2431# Autonomous Okrug merged to form (90, RU-PER) Perm Krai.
2432
2401# Milne says Yekaterinburg time was 4:02:32.9; round to nearest.
2433# Milne says Yekaterinburg was 4:02:32.9; round to nearest.
2434# Byalokoz 1919 says its provincial time was based on Perm, at 3:45:05.
2435# Assume it switched on 1916-07-03, the time of the new standard.
2436# The 1919 and 1930 transitions are from Shanks.
2402
2437
2403Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:33 - LMT 1919 Jul 15 4:00
2438Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:33 - LMT 1916 Jul 3
2439 3:45:05 - PMT 1919 Jul 15 4:00
2404 4:00 - SVET 1930 Jun 21 # Sverdlovsk Time
2440 4:00 - SVET 1930 Jun 21 # Sverdlovsk Time
2405 5:00 Russia SVE%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2406 4:00 Russia SVE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2407 5:00 Russia YEK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2408 6:00 - YEKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2441 5:00 Russia SVE%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2442 4:00 Russia SVE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2443 5:00 Russia YEK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2444 6:00 - YEKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2409 5:00 - YEKT
2410
2411
2412# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
2413# Asia/Omsk covers...
2445 5:00 - YEKT
2446
2447
2448# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
2449# Asia/Omsk covers...
2414# 04 RU-AL Altai Republic
2415# 22 RU-ALT Altai Krai
2416# 55 RU-OMS Omsk Oblast
2450# 04 RU-AL Altai Republic
2451# 22 RU-ALT Altai Krai
2452# 55 RU-OMS Omsk Oblast
2417
2453
2418Zone Asia/Omsk 4:53:36 - LMT 1919 Nov 14
2454# Byalokoz 1919 says Omsk was 4:53:30.
2455
2456Zone Asia/Omsk 4:53:30 - LMT 1919 Nov 14
2419 5:00 - OMST 1930 Jun 21 # Omsk Time
2457 5:00 - OMST 1930 Jun 21 # Omsk Time
2420 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2421 5:00 Russia OMS%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2422 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2423 7:00 - OMST 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2458 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2459 5:00 Russia OMS%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2460 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2461 7:00 - OMST 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2424 6:00 - OMST
2425
2426
2427# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
2428# Asia/Novosibirsk covers...
2462 6:00 - OMST
2463
2464
2465# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
2466# Asia/Novosibirsk covers...
2429# 54 RU-NVS Novosibirsk Oblast
2430# 70 RU-TOM Tomsk Oblast
2467# 54 RU-NVS Novosibirsk Oblast
2468# 70 RU-TOM Tomsk Oblast
2431
2432# From Paul Eggert (2006-08-19): I'm guessing about Tomsk here; it's
2433# not clear when it switched from +7 to +6.
2434
2469
2470# From Paul Eggert (2006-08-19): I'm guessing about Tomsk here; it's
2471# not clear when it switched from +7 to +6.
2472
2435Zone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 14 6:00
2473Zone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 14 6:00
2436 6:00 - NOVT 1930 Jun 21 # Novosibirsk Time
2474 6:00 - NOVT 1930 Jun 21 # Novosibirsk Time
2437 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2438 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2475 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2476 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2439 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1993 May 23 # say Shanks & P.
2477 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1993 May 23 # say Shanks & P.
2440 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2441 7:00 - NOVT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2478 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2479 7:00 - NOVT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2442 6:00 - NOVT
2443
2444
2445# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
2446# Asia/Novokuznetsk covers...
2480 6:00 - NOVT
2481
2482
2483# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
2484# Asia/Novokuznetsk covers...
2447# 42 RU-KEM Kemerovo Oblast
2485# 42 RU-KEM Kemerovo Oblast
2448
2449# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-10-13):
2450# Kemerovo oblast' (Kemerovo region) in Russia will change current time zone on
2451# March 28, 2010:
2452# from current Russia Zone 6 - Krasnoyarsk Time Zone (KRA) UTC +0700
2453# to Russia Zone 5 - Novosibirsk Time Zone (NOV) UTC +0600
2454#
2455# This is according to Government of Russia decree # 740, on September

--- 11 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---

2467#
2468# As a result, Kemerovo oblast' will be in the same time zone as
2469# Novosibirsk, Omsk, Tomsk, Barnaul and Altai Republic.
2470
2471# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-02), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02):
2472# The Kemerovo region will remain at UTC+7 through the 2014-10-26 change, thus
2473# realigning itself with KRAT.
2474
2486
2487# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-10-13):
2488# Kemerovo oblast' (Kemerovo region) in Russia will change current time zone on
2489# March 28, 2010:
2490# from current Russia Zone 6 - Krasnoyarsk Time Zone (KRA) UTC +0700
2491# to Russia Zone 5 - Novosibirsk Time Zone (NOV) UTC +0600
2492#
2493# This is according to Government of Russia decree # 740, on September

--- 11 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---

2505#
2506# As a result, Kemerovo oblast' will be in the same time zone as
2507# Novosibirsk, Omsk, Tomsk, Barnaul and Altai Republic.
2508
2509# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-02), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02):
2510# The Kemerovo region will remain at UTC+7 through the 2014-10-26 change, thus
2511# realigning itself with KRAT.
2512
2475Zone Asia/Novokuznetsk 5:48:48 - NMT 1920 Jan 6
2513Zone Asia/Novokuznetsk 5:48:48 - LMT 1924 May 1
2476 6:00 - KRAT 1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time
2514 6:00 - KRAT 1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time
2477 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2478 6:00 Russia KRA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2479 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s
2480 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s # Novosibirsk T
2481 7:00 - NOVT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2515 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2516 6:00 Russia KRA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2517 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s
2518 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s # Novosibirsk
2519 7:00 - NOVT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2482 7:00 - KRAT # Krasnoyarsk Time
2483
2484
2485# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
2486# Asia/Krasnoyarsk covers...
2520 7:00 - KRAT # Krasnoyarsk Time
2521
2522
2523# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
2524# Asia/Krasnoyarsk covers...
2487# 17 RU-TY Tuva Republic
2488# 19 RU-KK Khakassia, Republic of
2489# 24 RU-KYA Krasnoyarsk Krai
2525# 17 RU-TY Tuva Republic
2526# 19 RU-KK Khakassia, Republic of
2527# 24 RU-KYA Krasnoyarsk Krai
2490#
2491# Note: Effective 2007-01-01, (88) Evenk Autonomous Okrug and (84) Taymyr
2492# Autonomous Okrug were merged into (24, RU-KYA) Krasnoyarsk Krai.
2493
2528#
2529# Note: Effective 2007-01-01, (88) Evenk Autonomous Okrug and (84) Taymyr
2530# Autonomous Okrug were merged into (24, RU-KYA) Krasnoyarsk Krai.
2531
2494Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk 6:11:20 - LMT 1920 Jan 6
2532# Byalokoz 1919 says Krasnoyarsk was 6:11:26.
2533
2534Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk 6:11:26 - LMT 1920 Jan 6
2495 6:00 - KRAT 1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time
2535 6:00 - KRAT 1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time
2496 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2497 6:00 Russia KRA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2498 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2499 8:00 - KRAT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2536 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2537 6:00 Russia KRA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2538 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2539 8:00 - KRAT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2500 7:00 - KRAT
2501
2502
2503# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
2504# Asia/Irkutsk covers...
2540 7:00 - KRAT
2541
2542
2543# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
2544# Asia/Irkutsk covers...
2505# 03 RU-BU Buryatia, Republic of
2506# 38 RU-IRK Irkutsk Oblast
2545# 03 RU-BU Buryatia, Republic of
2546# 38 RU-IRK Irkutsk Oblast
2507#
2508# Note: Effective 2008-01-01, (85) Ust-Orda Buryat Autonomous Okrug was
2509# merged into (38, RU-IRK) Irkutsk Oblast.
2510
2547#
2548# Note: Effective 2008-01-01, (85) Ust-Orda Buryat Autonomous Okrug was
2549# merged into (38, RU-IRK) Irkutsk Oblast.
2550
2511# Milne says Irkutsk time was 6:57:15.
2551# Milne 1899 says Irkutsk was 6:57:15.
2552# Byalokoz 1919 says Irkutsk was 6:57:05.
2553# Go with Byalokoz.
2512
2554
2513Zone Asia/Irkutsk 6:57:15 - LMT 1880
2514 6:57:15 - IMT 1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time
2555Zone Asia/Irkutsk 6:57:05 - LMT 1880
2556 6:57:05 - IMT 1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time
2515 7:00 - IRKT 1930 Jun 21 # Irkutsk Time
2557 7:00 - IRKT 1930 Jun 21 # Irkutsk Time
2516 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2517 7:00 Russia IRK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2518 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2519 9:00 - IRKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2558 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2559 7:00 Russia IRK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2560 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2561 9:00 - IRKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2520 8:00 - IRKT
2521
2522
2523# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
2524# Asia/Chita covers...
2562 8:00 - IRKT
2563
2564
2565# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
2566# Asia/Chita covers...
2525# 92 RU-ZAB Zabaykalsky Krai
2567# 92 RU-ZAB Zabaykalsky Krai
2526#
2527# Note: Effective 2008-03-01, (75) Chita Oblast and (80) Agin-Buryat
2528# Autonomous Okrug merged to form (92, RU-ZAB) Zabaykalsky Krai.
2529
2530Zone Asia/Chita 7:33:52 - LMT 1919 Dec 15
2531 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
2568#
2569# Note: Effective 2008-03-01, (75) Chita Oblast and (80) Agin-Buryat
2570# Autonomous Okrug merged to form (92, RU-ZAB) Zabaykalsky Krai.
2571
2572Zone Asia/Chita 7:33:52 - LMT 1919 Dec 15
2573 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
2532 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2533 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2534 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2535 10:00 - YAKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2574 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2575 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2576 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2577 10:00 - YAKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2536 8:00 - IRKT
2537
2538
2539# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
2540# Asia/Yakutsk covers...
2578 8:00 - IRKT
2579
2580
2581# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
2582# Asia/Yakutsk covers...
2541# 28 RU-AMU Amur Oblast
2583# 28 RU-AMU Amur Oblast
2542#
2543# ...and parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
2544# 14-02 **** Aldansky District
2545# 14-04 **** Amginsky District
2546# 14-05 **** Anabarsky District
2547# 14-06 **** Bulunsky District
2548# 14-07 **** Verkhnevilyuysky District
2549# 14-10 **** Vilyuysky District

--- 15 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---

2565# 14-33 **** Churapchinsky District
2566# 14-34 **** Eveno-Bytantaysky National District
2567
2568# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
2569# Our commentary seems to have lost mention of (14-19) Neryungrinsky District.
2570# Since the surrounding districts of Sakha are all YAKT, assume this is, too.
2571# Also assume its history has been the same as the rest of Asia/Yakutsk.
2572
2584#
2585# ...and parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
2586# 14-02 **** Aldansky District
2587# 14-04 **** Amginsky District
2588# 14-05 **** Anabarsky District
2589# 14-06 **** Bulunsky District
2590# 14-07 **** Verkhnevilyuysky District
2591# 14-10 **** Vilyuysky District

--- 15 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---

2607# 14-33 **** Churapchinsky District
2608# 14-34 **** Eveno-Bytantaysky National District
2609
2610# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
2611# Our commentary seems to have lost mention of (14-19) Neryungrinsky District.
2612# Since the surrounding districts of Sakha are all YAKT, assume this is, too.
2613# Also assume its history has been the same as the rest of Asia/Yakutsk.
2614
2573Zone Asia/Yakutsk 8:38:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 15
2615# Byalokoz 1919 says Yakutsk was 8:38:58.
2616
2617Zone Asia/Yakutsk 8:38:58 - LMT 1919 Dec 15
2574 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
2618 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
2575 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2576 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2577 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2578 10:00 - YAKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2619 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2620 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2621 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2622 10:00 - YAKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2579 9:00 - YAKT
2580
2581
2582# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
2583# Asia/Vladivostok covers...
2623 9:00 - YAKT
2624
2625
2626# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
2627# Asia/Vladivostok covers...
2584# 25 RU-PRI Primorsky Krai
2585# 27 RU-KHA Khabarovsk Krai
2586# 79 RU-YEV Jewish Autonomous Oblast
2628# 25 RU-PRI Primorsky Krai
2629# 27 RU-KHA Khabarovsk Krai
2630# 79 RU-YEV Jewish Autonomous Oblast
2587#
2588# ...and parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
2589# 14-09 **** Verkhoyansky District
2590# 14-31 **** Ust-Yansky District
2591
2631#
2632# ...and parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
2633# 14-09 **** Verkhoyansky District
2634# 14-31 **** Ust-Yansky District
2635
2592# Milne says Vladivostok time was 8:47:33.5; round to nearest.
2636# Milne 1899 says Vladivostok was 8:47:33.5.
2637# Byalokoz 1919 says Vladivostok was 8:47:31.
2638# Go with Byalokoz.
2593
2639
2594Zone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:34 - LMT 1922 Nov 15
2640Zone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:31 - LMT 1922 Nov 15
2595 9:00 - VLAT 1930 Jun 21 # Vladivostok Time
2641 9:00 - VLAT 1930 Jun 21 # Vladivostok Time
2596 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2597 9:00 Russia VLA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2598 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2599 11:00 - VLAT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2642 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2643 9:00 Russia VLA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2644 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2645 11:00 - VLAT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2600 10:00 - VLAT
2601
2602
2603# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
2604# Asia/Khandyga covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
2605# 14-28 **** Tomponsky District
2606# 14-30 **** Ust-Maysky District
2607
2608# From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09):
2609# Tomponskij and Ust'-Majskij switched from Vladivostok time to Yakutsk time
2610# in 2011.
2611
2612# From Paul Eggert (2012-11-25):
2613# Shanks and Pottenger (2003) has Khandyga on Yakutsk time.
2614# Make a wild guess that it switched to Vladivostok time in 2004.
2615# This transition is no doubt wrong, but we have no better info.
2616
2617Zone Asia/Khandyga 9:02:13 - LMT 1919 Dec 15
2618 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
2646 10:00 - VLAT
2647
2648
2649# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
2650# Asia/Khandyga covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
2651# 14-28 **** Tomponsky District
2652# 14-30 **** Ust-Maysky District
2653
2654# From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09):
2655# Tomponskij and Ust'-Majskij switched from Vladivostok time to Yakutsk time
2656# in 2011.
2657
2658# From Paul Eggert (2012-11-25):
2659# Shanks and Pottenger (2003) has Khandyga on Yakutsk time.
2660# Make a wild guess that it switched to Vladivostok time in 2004.
2661# This transition is no doubt wrong, but we have no better info.
2662
2663Zone Asia/Khandyga 9:02:13 - LMT 1919 Dec 15
2664 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
2619 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2620 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2665 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2666 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2621 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 2004
2667 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 2004
2622 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2623 11:00 - VLAT 2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725?
2624 10:00 - YAKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2668 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2669 11:00 - VLAT 2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725?
2670 10:00 - YAKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2625 9:00 - YAKT
2626
2627
2628# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
2629# Asia/Sakhalin covers...
2671 9:00 - YAKT
2672
2673
2674# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
2675# Asia/Sakhalin covers...
2630# 65 RU-SAK Sakhalin Oblast
2676# 65 RU-SAK Sakhalin Oblast
2631# ...with the exception of:
2632# 65-11 **** Severo-Kurilsky District (North Kuril Islands)
2633
2634# The Zone name should be Asia/Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, but that's too long.
2635Zone Asia/Sakhalin 9:30:48 - LMT 1905 Aug 23
2636 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1
2637 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 25
2677# ...with the exception of:
2678# 65-11 **** Severo-Kurilsky District (North Kuril Islands)
2679
2680# The Zone name should be Asia/Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, but that's too long.
2681Zone Asia/Sakhalin 9:30:48 - LMT 1905 Aug 23
2682 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1
2683 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 25
2638 11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s # Sakhalin T.
2639 10:00 Russia SAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2640 11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1997 Mar lastSun 2:00s
2641 10:00 Russia SAK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2642 11:00 - SAKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2684 11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s # Sakhalin T
2685 10:00 Russia SAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2686 11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1997 Mar lastSun 2:00s
2687 10:00 Russia SAK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2688 11:00 - SAKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2643 10:00 - SAKT
2644
2645
2646# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
2647# Asia/Magadan covers...
2689 10:00 - SAKT
2690
2691
2692# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
2693# Asia/Magadan covers...
2648# 49 RU-MAG Magadan Oblast
2694# 49 RU-MAG Magadan Oblast
2649
2650# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02):
2651# Magadan Oblast is moving from UTC+12 to UTC+10 on 2014-10-26; however,
2652# several districts of Sakha Republic as well as Severo-Kurilsky District of
2653# the Sakhalin Oblast (also known as the North Kuril Islands), represented
2654# until now by Asia/Magadan, will instead move to UTC+11. These regions will
2655# need their own zone.
2656
2657Zone Asia/Magadan 10:03:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
2658 10:00 - MAGT 1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time
2695
2696# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02):
2697# Magadan Oblast is moving from UTC+12 to UTC+10 on 2014-10-26; however,
2698# several districts of Sakha Republic as well as Severo-Kurilsky District of
2699# the Sakhalin Oblast (also known as the North Kuril Islands), represented
2700# until now by Asia/Magadan, will instead move to UTC+11. These regions will
2701# need their own zone.
2702
2703Zone Asia/Magadan 10:03:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
2704 10:00 - MAGT 1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time
2659 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2660 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2661 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2662 12:00 - MAGT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2705 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2706 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2707 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2708 12:00 - MAGT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2663 10:00 - MAGT
2664
2665
2666# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
2667# Asia/Srednekolymsk covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
2668# 14-01 **** Abyysky District
2669# 14-03 **** Allaikhovsky District
2670# 14-08 **** Verkhnekolymsky District

--- 33 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---

2704# settlement and the population of Zyryanka seems to be declining.
2705# Go with Srednekolymsk.
2706#
2707# Since Magadan Oblast moves to UTC+10 on 2014-10-26, we cannot keep using MAGT
2708# as the abbreviation. Use SRET instead.
2709
2710Zone Asia/Srednekolymsk 10:14:52 - LMT 1924 May 2
2711 10:00 - MAGT 1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time
2709 10:00 - MAGT
2710
2711
2712# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
2713# Asia/Srednekolymsk covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
2714# 14-01 **** Abyysky District
2715# 14-03 **** Allaikhovsky District
2716# 14-08 **** Verkhnekolymsky District

--- 33 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---

2750# settlement and the population of Zyryanka seems to be declining.
2751# Go with Srednekolymsk.
2752#
2753# Since Magadan Oblast moves to UTC+10 on 2014-10-26, we cannot keep using MAGT
2754# as the abbreviation. Use SRET instead.
2755
2756Zone Asia/Srednekolymsk 10:14:52 - LMT 1924 May 2
2757 10:00 - MAGT 1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time
2712 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2713 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2714 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2715 12:00 - MAGT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2716 11:00 - SRET # Srednekolymsk Time
2758 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2759 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2760 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2761 12:00 - MAGT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2762 11:00 - SRET # Srednekolymsk Time
2717
2718
2719# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
2720# Asia/Ust-Nera covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
2721# 14-22 **** Oymyakonsky District
2722
2723# From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09):
2724# Ojmyakonskij [and the Kuril Islands] switched from
2725# Magadan time to Vladivostok time in 2011.
2726#
2727# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02):
2728# It's unlikely that any of the Kuril Islands were involved in such a switch,
2729# as the South and Middle Kurils have been on UTC+11 (SAKT) with the rest of
2730# Sakhalin Oblast since at least 2011-09, and the North Kurils have been on
2731# UTC+12 since at least then, too.
2732
2733Zone Asia/Ust-Nera 9:32:54 - LMT 1919 Dec 15
2734 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
2735 9:00 Russia YAKT 1981 Apr 1
2763
2764
2765# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
2766# Asia/Ust-Nera covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
2767# 14-22 **** Oymyakonsky District
2768
2769# From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09):
2770# Ojmyakonskij [and the Kuril Islands] switched from
2771# Magadan time to Vladivostok time in 2011.
2772#
2773# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02):
2774# It's unlikely that any of the Kuril Islands were involved in such a switch,
2775# as the South and Middle Kurils have been on UTC+11 (SAKT) with the rest of
2776# Sakhalin Oblast since at least 2011-09, and the North Kurils have been on
2777# UTC+12 since at least then, too.
2778
2779Zone Asia/Ust-Nera 9:32:54 - LMT 1919 Dec 15
2780 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
2781 9:00 Russia YAKT 1981 Apr 1
2736 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2737 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2738 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2739 12:00 - MAGT 2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725?
2740 11:00 - VLAT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2782 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2783 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2784 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2785 12:00 - MAGT 2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725?
2786 11:00 - VLAT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2741 10:00 - VLAT
2742
2743
2744# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
2745# Asia/Kamchatka covers...
2787 10:00 - VLAT
2788
2789
2790# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
2791# Asia/Kamchatka covers...
2746# 91 RU-KAM Kamchatka Krai
2792# 91 RU-KAM Kamchatka Krai
2747#
2748# Note: Effective 2007-07-01, (41) Kamchatka Oblast and (82) Koryak
2749# Autonomous Okrug merged to form (91, RU-KAM) Kamchatka Krai.
2750
2751# The Zone name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski or perhaps
2752# Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, but these are too long.
2753Zone Asia/Kamchatka 10:34:36 - LMT 1922 Nov 10
2754 11:00 - PETT 1930 Jun 21 # P-K Time
2793#
2794# Note: Effective 2007-07-01, (41) Kamchatka Oblast and (82) Koryak
2795# Autonomous Okrug merged to form (91, RU-KAM) Kamchatka Krai.
2796
2797# The Zone name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski or perhaps
2798# Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, but these are too long.
2799Zone Asia/Kamchatka 10:34:36 - LMT 1922 Nov 10
2800 11:00 - PETT 1930 Jun 21 # P-K Time
2755 12:00 Russia PET%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2756 11:00 Russia PET%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2757 12:00 Russia PET%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s
2758 11:00 Russia PET%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2801 12:00 Russia PET%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2802 11:00 Russia PET%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2803 12:00 Russia PET%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s
2804 11:00 Russia PET%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2759 12:00 - PETT
2760
2761
2762# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
2763# Asia/Anadyr covers...
2805 12:00 - PETT
2806
2807
2808# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
2809# Asia/Anadyr covers...
2764# 87 RU-CHU Chukotka Autonomous Okrug
2810# 87 RU-CHU Chukotka Autonomous Okrug
2765
2766Zone Asia/Anadyr 11:49:56 - LMT 1924 May 2
2767 12:00 - ANAT 1930 Jun 21 # Anadyr Time
2811
2812Zone Asia/Anadyr 11:49:56 - LMT 1924 May 2
2813 12:00 - ANAT 1930 Jun 21 # Anadyr Time
2768 13:00 Russia ANA%sT 1982 Apr 1 0:00s
2769 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2770 11:00 Russia ANA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2771 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s
2772 11:00 Russia ANA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2814 13:00 Russia ANA%sT 1982 Apr 1 0:00s
2815 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2816 11:00 Russia ANA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2817 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s
2818 11:00 Russia ANA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2773 12:00 - ANAT
2774
2775
2776# San Marino
2777# See Europe/Rome.
2778
2779# Serbia
2780# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2781Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884
2782 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
2783 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945
2819 12:00 - ANAT
2820
2821
2822# San Marino
2823# See Europe/Rome.
2824
2825# Serbia
2826# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2827Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884
2828 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
2829 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945
2784 1:00 - CET 1945 May 8 2:00s
2830 1:00 - CET 1945 May 8 2:00s
2785 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
2786# Metod Ko��elj reports that the legal date of
2787# transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time.
2788# Shanks & Pottenger don't give as much detail, so go with Ko��elj.
2789 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27
2790 1:00 EU CE%sT
2791Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana # Slovenia
2792Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Podgorica # Montenegro

--- 63 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---

2856 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1946 Sep 30
2857 1:00 Spain CE%sT 1979
2858 1:00 EU CE%sT
2859Zone Africa/Ceuta -0:21:16 - LMT 1901
2860 0:00 - WET 1918 May 6 23:00
2861 0:00 1:00 WEST 1918 Oct 7 23:00
2862 0:00 - WET 1924
2863 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1929
2831 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
2832# Metod Ko��elj reports that the legal date of
2833# transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time.
2834# Shanks & Pottenger don't give as much detail, so go with Ko��elj.
2835 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27
2836 1:00 EU CE%sT
2837Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana # Slovenia
2838Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Podgorica # Montenegro

--- 63 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---

2902 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1946 Sep 30
2903 1:00 Spain CE%sT 1979
2904 1:00 EU CE%sT
2905Zone Africa/Ceuta -0:21:16 - LMT 1901
2906 0:00 - WET 1918 May 6 23:00
2907 0:00 1:00 WEST 1918 Oct 7 23:00
2908 0:00 - WET 1924
2909 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1929
2864 0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT 1984 Mar 16
2910 0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT 1984 Mar 16
2865 1:00 - CET 1986
2866 1:00 EU CE%sT
2867Zone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C.
2911 1:00 - CET 1986
2912 1:00 EU CE%sT
2913Zone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C.
2868 -1:00 - CANT 1946 Sep 30 1:00 # Canaries Time
2869 0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s
2870 0:00 1:00 WEST 1980 Sep 28 0:00s
2914 -1:00 - CANT 1946 Sep 30 1:00 # Canaries T
2915 0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s
2916 0:00 1:00 WEST 1980 Sep 28 0:00s
2871 0:00 EU WE%sT
2872# IATA SSIM (1996-09) says the Canaries switch at 2:00u, not 1:00u.
2873# Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU.
2874
2875# Sweden
2876
2877# From Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13), superseding Shanks & Pottenger:
2878#

--- 36 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---

2915# people thought the switch to standard time would take place already
2916# at 1916-10-01 00:00 summer time, but they had to wait for another
2917# hour before the event took place.
2918#
2919# Source: The newspaper "Dagens Nyheter", 1916-10-01, page 7 upper left.
2920
2921# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2922Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1879 Jan 1
2917 0:00 EU WE%sT
2918# IATA SSIM (1996-09) says the Canaries switch at 2:00u, not 1:00u.
2919# Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU.
2920
2921# Sweden
2922
2923# From Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13), superseding Shanks & Pottenger:
2924#

--- 36 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---

2961# people thought the switch to standard time would take place already
2962# at 1916-10-01 00:00 summer time, but they had to wait for another
2963# hour before the event took place.
2964#
2965# Source: The newspaper "Dagens Nyheter", 1916-10-01, page 7 upper left.
2966
2967# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2968Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1879 Jan 1
2923 1:00:14 - SET 1900 Jan 1 # Swedish Time
2969 1:00:14 - SET 1900 Jan 1 # Swedish Time
2924 1:00 - CET 1916 May 14 23:00
2970 1:00 - CET 1916 May 14 23:00
2925 1:00 1:00 CEST 1916 Oct 1 01:00
2971 1:00 1:00 CEST 1916 Oct 1 1:00
2926 1:00 - CET 1980
2927 1:00 EU CE%sT
2928
2929# Switzerland
2930# From Howse:
2931# By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace
2932# and their performance improved enormously. Communities began to keep
2933# mean time in preference to apparent time - Geneva from 1780 ....

--- 52 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---

2986# From Alois Treindl (2013-09-11):
2987# The Federal regulations say
2988# http://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20071096/index.html
2989# ... the meridian for Bern mean time ... is 7 degrees 26' 22.50".
2990# Expressed in time, it is 0h29m45.5s.
2991
2992# From Pierre-Yves Berger (2013-09-11):
2993# the "Circulaire du conseil f��d��ral" (December 11 1893)
2972 1:00 - CET 1980
2973 1:00 EU CE%sT
2974
2975# Switzerland
2976# From Howse:
2977# By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace
2978# and their performance improved enormously. Communities began to keep
2979# mean time in preference to apparent time - Geneva from 1780 ....

--- 52 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---

3032# From Alois Treindl (2013-09-11):
3033# The Federal regulations say
3034# http://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20071096/index.html
3035# ... the meridian for Bern mean time ... is 7 degrees 26' 22.50".
3036# Expressed in time, it is 0h29m45.5s.
3037
3038# From Pierre-Yves Berger (2013-09-11):
3039# the "Circulaire du conseil f��d��ral" (December 11 1893)
2994# <http://www.amtsdruckschriften.bar.admin.ch/viewOrigDoc.do?id=10071353> ...
3040# http://www.amtsdruckschriften.bar.admin.ch/viewOrigDoc.do?id=10071353
2995# clearly states that the [1894-06-01] change should be done at midnight
2996# but if no one is present after 11 at night, could be postponed until one
2997# hour before the beginning of service.
2998
2999# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-11):
3000# Round BMT to the nearest even second, 0:29:46.
3001#
3002# We can find no reliable source for Shanks's assertion that all of Switzerland

--- 15 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---

3018# 1853-07-16, though it probably occurred at some other date in Zurich, and
3019# legal civil time probably changed at still some other transition date.
3020
3021# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
3022Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S
3023Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 -
3024# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3025Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1853 Jul 16 # See above comment.
3041# clearly states that the [1894-06-01] change should be done at midnight
3042# but if no one is present after 11 at night, could be postponed until one
3043# hour before the beginning of service.
3044
3045# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-11):
3046# Round BMT to the nearest even second, 0:29:46.
3047#
3048# We can find no reliable source for Shanks's assertion that all of Switzerland

--- 15 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---

3064# 1853-07-16, though it probably occurred at some other date in Zurich, and
3065# legal civil time probably changed at still some other transition date.
3066
3067# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
3068Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S
3069Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 -
3070# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3071Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1853 Jul 16 # See above comment.
3026 0:29:46 - BMT 1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time
3072 0:29:46 - BMT 1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time
3027 1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981
3028 1:00 EU CE%sT
3029
3030# Turkey
3031
3032# From Amar Devegowda (2007-01-03):
3033# The time zone rules for Istanbul, Turkey have not been changed for years now.
3034# ... The latest rules are available at:

--- 105 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---

3140Rule Turkey 1991 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
3141Rule Turkey 1996 2006 - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 -
3142# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3143Zone Europe/Istanbul 1:55:52 - LMT 1880
3144 1:56:56 - IMT 1910 Oct # Istanbul Mean Time?
3145 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1978 Oct 15
3146 3:00 Turkey TR%sT 1985 Apr 20 # Turkey Time
3147 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 2007
3073 1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981
3074 1:00 EU CE%sT
3075
3076# Turkey
3077
3078# From Amar Devegowda (2007-01-03):
3079# The time zone rules for Istanbul, Turkey have not been changed for years now.
3080# ... The latest rules are available at:

--- 105 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---

3186Rule Turkey 1991 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
3187Rule Turkey 1996 2006 - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 -
3188# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3189Zone Europe/Istanbul 1:55:52 - LMT 1880
3190 1:56:56 - IMT 1910 Oct # Istanbul Mean Time?
3191 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1978 Oct 15
3192 3:00 Turkey TR%sT 1985 Apr 20 # Turkey Time
3193 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 2007
3148 2:00 EU EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 1:00u
3149 2:00 - EET 2011 Mar 28 1:00u
3150 2:00 EU EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 1:00u
3151 2:00 - EET 2014 Mar 31 1:00u
3194 2:00 EU EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 1:00u
3195 2:00 - EET 2011 Mar 28 1:00u
3196 2:00 EU EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 1:00u
3197 2:00 - EET 2014 Mar 31 1:00u
3152 2:00 EU EE%sT
3153Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents.
3154
3155# Ukraine
3156#
3157# From Igor Karpov, who works for the Ukrainian Ministry of Justice,
3158# via Garrett Wollman (2003-01-27):
3159# BTW, I've found the official document on this matter. It's government

--- 65 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---

3225# Most of Ukraine since 1970 has been like Kiev.
3226# "Kyiv" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but
3227# "Kiev" is more common in English.
3228Zone Europe/Kiev 2:02:04 - LMT 1880
3229 2:02:04 - KMT 1924 May 2 # Kiev Mean Time
3230 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
3231 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 20
3232 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Nov 6
3198 2:00 EU EE%sT
3199Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents.
3200
3201# Ukraine
3202#
3203# From Igor Karpov, who works for the Ukrainian Ministry of Justice,
3204# via Garrett Wollman (2003-01-27):
3205# BTW, I've found the official document on this matter. It's government

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3271# Most of Ukraine since 1970 has been like Kiev.
3272# "Kyiv" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but
3273# "Kiev" is more common in English.
3274Zone Europe/Kiev 2:02:04 - LMT 1880
3275 2:02:04 - KMT 1924 May 2 # Kiev Mean Time
3276 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
3277 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 20
3278 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Nov 6
3233 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 Jul 1 2:00
3234 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 3:00
3279 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 Jul 1 2:00
3280 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 3:00
3235 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995
3236 2:00 EU EE%sT
3237# Ruthenia used CET 1990/1991.
3238# "Uzhhorod" is the transliteration of the Rusyn/Ukrainian pronunciation, but
3239# "Uzhgorod" is more common in English.
3240Zone Europe/Uzhgorod 1:29:12 - LMT 1890 Oct
3241 1:00 - CET 1940
3242 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct
3243 1:00 1:00 CEST 1944 Oct 26
3244 1:00 - CET 1945 Jun 29
3245 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
3281 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995
3282 2:00 EU EE%sT
3283# Ruthenia used CET 1990/1991.
3284# "Uzhhorod" is the transliteration of the Rusyn/Ukrainian pronunciation, but
3285# "Uzhgorod" is more common in English.
3286Zone Europe/Uzhgorod 1:29:12 - LMT 1890 Oct
3287 1:00 - CET 1940
3288 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct
3289 1:00 1:00 CEST 1944 Oct 26
3290 1:00 - CET 1945 Jun 29
3291 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
3246 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00
3247 1:00 - CET 1991 Mar 31 3:00
3292 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00
3293 1:00 - CET 1991 Mar 31 3:00
3248 2:00 - EET 1992
3249 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995
3250 2:00 EU EE%sT
3251# Zaporozh'ye and eastern Lugansk oblasts observed DST 1990/1991.
3252# "Zaporizhia" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but
3253# "Zaporozh'ye" is more common in English. Use the common English
3254# spelling, except omit the apostrophe as it is not allowed in
3255# portable Posix file names.
3256Zone Europe/Zaporozhye 2:20:40 - LMT 1880
3257 2:20 - CUT 1924 May 2 # Central Ukraine T
3258 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
3259 3:00 - MSK 1941 Aug 25
3260 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Oct 25
3294 2:00 - EET 1992
3295 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995
3296 2:00 EU EE%sT
3297# Zaporozh'ye and eastern Lugansk oblasts observed DST 1990/1991.
3298# "Zaporizhia" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but
3299# "Zaporozh'ye" is more common in English. Use the common English
3300# spelling, except omit the apostrophe as it is not allowed in
3301# portable Posix file names.
3302Zone Europe/Zaporozhye 2:20:40 - LMT 1880
3303 2:20 - CUT 1924 May 2 # Central Ukraine T
3304 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
3305 3:00 - MSK 1941 Aug 25
3306 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Oct 25
3261 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00
3307 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00
3262 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995
3263 2:00 EU EE%sT
3264
3265# Vatican City
3266# See Europe/Rome.
3267
3268###############################################################################
3269

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3279# and off at 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST)
3280
3281# ...
3282# Date: Wed, 28 Jan 87 16:56:27 -0100
3283# From: Tom Hofmann
3284# ...
3285#
3286# ...the European time rules are...standardized since 1981, when
3308 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995
3309 2:00 EU EE%sT
3310
3311# Vatican City
3312# See Europe/Rome.
3313
3314###############################################################################
3315

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3325# and off at 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST)
3326
3327# ...
3328# Date: Wed, 28 Jan 87 16:56:27 -0100
3329# From: Tom Hofmann
3330# ...
3331#
3332# ...the European time rules are...standardized since 1981, when
3287# most European coun[tr]ies started DST. Before that year, only
3333# most European countries started DST. Before that year, only
3288# a few countries (UK, France, Italy) had DST, each according
3289# to own national rules. In 1981, however, DST started on
3290# 'Apr firstSun', and not on 'Mar lastSun' as in the following
3291# years...
3292# But also since 1981 there are some more national exceptions
3293# than listed in 'europe': Switzerland, for example, joined DST
3294# one year later, Denmark ended DST on 'Oct 1' instead of 'Sep
3295# lastSun' in 1981 - I don't know how they handle now.

--- 45 unchanged lines hidden --- 		3334# a few countries (UK, France, Italy) had DST, each according
3335# to own national rules. In 1981, however, DST started on
3336# 'Apr firstSun', and not on 'Mar lastSun' as in the following
3337# years...
3338# But also since 1981 there are some more national exceptions
3339# than listed in 'europe': Switzerland, for example, joined DST
3340# one year later, Denmark ended DST on 'Oct 1' instead of 'Sep
3341# lastSun' in 1981 - I don't know how they handle now.

--- 45 unchanged lines hidden ---