| europe (20094) | europe (21217) |
|---|---|
| 1# @(#)europe 7.41 | 1# @(#)europe 7.42 |
| 2 3# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 4# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 5# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). 6 7# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-11-22): 8# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 9# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (3rd edition), --- 63 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 73# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-07-06): 74# 75# On 17 Jan 1994 the Independent, a UK quality newspaper, had a piece about 76# historical vistas along the Thames in west London. There was a photo 77# and a sketch map showing some of the sightlines involved. One paragraph 78# of the text said: 79# 80# `An old stone obelisk marking a forgotten terrestrial meridian stands | 2 3# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 4# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 5# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). 6 7# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-11-22): 8# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 9# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (3rd edition), --- 63 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 73# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-07-06): 74# 75# On 17 Jan 1994 the Independent, a UK quality newspaper, had a piece about 76# historical vistas along the Thames in west London. There was a photo 77# and a sketch map showing some of the sightlines involved. One paragraph 78# of the text said: 79# 80# `An old stone obelisk marking a forgotten terrestrial meridian stands |
| 81# beside the river at Kew. In the 18th century, before time and longditude | 81# beside the river at Kew. In the 18th century, before time and longitude |
| 82# was standardised by the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, scholars observed 83# this stone and the movement of stars from Kew Observatory nearby. They 84# made their calculations and set the time for the Horse Guards and Parliament, 85# but now the stone is obscured by scrubwood and can only be seen by walking 86# along the towpath within a few yards of it.' 87# 88# I have a one inch to one mile map of London and my estimate of the stone's | 82# was standardised by the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, scholars observed 83# this stone and the movement of stars from Kew Observatory nearby. They 84# made their calculations and set the time for the Horse Guards and Parliament, 85# but now the stone is obscured by scrubwood and can only be seen by walking 86# along the towpath within a few yards of it.' 87# 88# I have a one inch to one mile map of London and my estimate of the stone's |
| 89# position is 51 deg. 28' 30" N, 0 deg. 18' 45" W. The longditude should | 89# position is 51 deg. 28' 30" N, 0 deg. 18' 45" W. The longitude should |
| 90# be within about +-2". The Ordnance Survey grid reference is TQ172761. 91# 92# [This yields GMTOFF = -0:01:15 for London LMT in the 18th century.] 93 94# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1993-11-18): 95# 96# Howse writes that Britain was the first country to use standard time. 97# The railways cared most about the inconsistencies of local mean time, --- 64 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 162# I have found the default algorithm for UK Summer Time, it is in the 163# Summer Time Act 1972. Section 1 states that in the absence of an Order 164# in Council Summer Time starts at 02:00 GMT on the morning of the day 165# after the third Saturday in March, unless that day is Easter Day, in 166# which case it is the morning of the day after the second Saturday. 167# It ends at 02:00 GMT on the morning of the day after the fourth Saturday 168# in October. (All the redundant `morning of the day ...' is in the Act.) 169# This is only of passing interest now as it will always be overridden by | 90# be within about +-2". The Ordnance Survey grid reference is TQ172761. 91# 92# [This yields GMTOFF = -0:01:15 for London LMT in the 18th century.] 93 94# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1993-11-18): 95# 96# Howse writes that Britain was the first country to use standard time. 97# The railways cared most about the inconsistencies of local mean time, --- 64 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 162# I have found the default algorithm for UK Summer Time, it is in the 163# Summer Time Act 1972. Section 1 states that in the absence of an Order 164# in Council Summer Time starts at 02:00 GMT on the morning of the day 165# after the third Saturday in March, unless that day is Easter Day, in 166# which case it is the morning of the day after the second Saturday. 167# It ends at 02:00 GMT on the morning of the day after the fourth Saturday 168# in October. (All the redundant `morning of the day ...' is in the Act.) 169# This is only of passing interest now as it will always be overridden by |
| 170# an Order in Council (a Statutary Instrument, the SI thing mentioned above) | 170# an Order in Council (a Statutory Instrument, the SI thing mentioned above) |
| 171# to specify the EC specified dates. 172 173# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1993-10-18): 174# 175# My contact in the Ministry of Defence Public Relations department 176# accepted the challenge of looking into this and produced the following, 177# from Hansard (the official record of the UK Parliament), Oral Answers, 178# 1 March 1945, cols 1559--60: --- 143 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 322# 323# - The Summer Time Act, 1925 324# 325# This makes the 1922 Act permanent, with a change to the end date to the 326# day after the first Saturday in October. It says nothing about extent, 327# so that part of the 1922 Act will still apply. 328# 329# - The Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939, SR&O 1939 No. 1379 | 171# to specify the EC specified dates. 172 173# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1993-10-18): 174# 175# My contact in the Ministry of Defence Public Relations department 176# accepted the challenge of looking into this and produced the following, 177# from Hansard (the official record of the UK Parliament), Oral Answers, 178# 1 March 1945, cols 1559--60: --- 143 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 322# 323# - The Summer Time Act, 1925 324# 325# This makes the 1922 Act permanent, with a change to the end date to the 326# day after the first Saturday in October. It says nothing about extent, 327# so that part of the 1922 Act will still apply. 328# 329# - The Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939, SR&O 1939 No. 1379 |
| 330# [SR&O == Statutary Regulation and Order] | 330# [SR&O == Statutory Regulation and Order] |
| 331# 332# These were made under the Emergency Powers (Defence) Act, 1939. 333# It changes the end date to be the day after the third Saturday in November. 334# It makes consequential changes to some vehicle lighting legislation, 335# which includes the Motor Vehicles and Road Traffic (Northern Ireland) Act, 336# 1934, so it seems clear it applies in Northern Ireland. 337# 338# - An Order in Council amending the The Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, --- 59 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 398# It has the same wording about extent as the British Standard Time Act, 1968, 399# applying to Northern Ireland unconditionally and to Jersey, Guernsey and the 400# Isle of Man if they don't do something about it. 401# 402# (I am missing various Summer Time Orders that modified the 1972 Act to 403# harmonise with the EC since 1981. The major change is that the time changes 404# to 01:00 GMT.) 405# | 331# 332# These were made under the Emergency Powers (Defence) Act, 1939. 333# It changes the end date to be the day after the third Saturday in November. 334# It makes consequential changes to some vehicle lighting legislation, 335# which includes the Motor Vehicles and Road Traffic (Northern Ireland) Act, 336# 1934, so it seems clear it applies in Northern Ireland. 337# 338# - An Order in Council amending the The Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, --- 59 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 398# It has the same wording about extent as the British Standard Time Act, 1968, 399# applying to Northern Ireland unconditionally and to Jersey, Guernsey and the 400# Isle of Man if they don't do something about it. 401# 402# (I am missing various Summer Time Orders that modified the 1972 Act to 403# harmonise with the EC since 1981. The major change is that the time changes 404# to 01:00 GMT.) 405# |
| 406# - The Summer Time Order, 1992, SI 1992/1729 [SI == Statutary Instrument] | 406# - The Summer Time Order, 1992, SI 1992/1729 [SI == Statutory Instrument] |
| 407# 408# This specifies dates of: 409# Start End 410# 1993 28 March 24 October 411# 1994 27 March 23 October 412# All start and end times are at 01:00 GMT.... 413# 414# - Some text on the extent of Acts, from Halsbury's Statutes --- 878 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1293Rule Greece 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 1294# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1295Zone Europe/Athens 1:34:52 - LMT 1895 Sep 14 1296 1:34:52 - AMT 1916 Jul 28 0:01 # Athens MT 1297 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1941 Apr 30 1298 1:00 Greece CE%sT 1944 Apr 4 1299 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1981 1300 # Shanks says they switched to C-Eur in 1981; | 407# 408# This specifies dates of: 409# Start End 410# 1993 28 March 24 October 411# 1994 27 March 23 October 412# All start and end times are at 01:00 GMT.... 413# 414# - Some text on the extent of Acts, from Halsbury's Statutes --- 878 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1293Rule Greece 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 1294# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1295Zone Europe/Athens 1:34:52 - LMT 1895 Sep 14 1296 1:34:52 - AMT 1916 Jul 28 0:01 # Athens MT 1297 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1941 Apr 30 1298 1:00 Greece CE%sT 1944 Apr 4 1299 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1981 1300 # Shanks says they switched to C-Eur in 1981; |
| 1301 # go with EU intead, since Greece joined it on Jan 1. | 1301 # go with EU instead, since Greece joined it on Jan 1. |
| 1302 2:00 EU EE%sT 1303 1304# Hungary 1305# Gregorian calendar adopted 1587-11-01. 1306# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1307Rule Hungary 1918 only - Apr 1 3:00 1:00 S 1308Rule Hungary 1918 only - Sep 29 3:00 0 - 1309Rule Hungary 1919 only - Apr 15 3:00 1:00 S --- 504 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1814Zone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct 1815 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT 1816 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00s 1817 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 1818 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1994 1819 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1820 1821# Russia | 1302 2:00 EU EE%sT 1303 1304# Hungary 1305# Gregorian calendar adopted 1587-11-01. 1306# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1307Rule Hungary 1918 only - Apr 1 3:00 1:00 S 1308Rule Hungary 1918 only - Sep 29 3:00 0 - 1309Rule Hungary 1919 only - Apr 15 3:00 1:00 S --- 504 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1814Zone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct 1815 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT 1816 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00s 1817 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 1818 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1994 1819 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1820 1821# Russia |
| 1822# From Shanks (1991): 1823# In 1929 the Soviet Union instituted a 5 day week; in 1932 it instituted 1824# a 6 day week; on 1940-06-27 it returned to the Gregorian week. | 1822 1823# From Chris Carrier <72157.3334@CompuServe.COM> (1996-12-02): 1824# On 1929-10-01 the Soviet Union instituted an ``Eternal Calendar'' 1825# with 30-day months plus 5 holidays, with a 5-day week. 1826# On 1931-12-01 it changed to a 6-day week; in 1934 it reverted to the 1827# Gregorian calendar while retaining the 6-day week; on 1940-06-27 it 1828# reverted to the 7-day week. With the 6-day week the usual days 1829# off were the 6th, 12th, 18th, 24th and 30th of the month. 1830# (Source: Evitiar Zerubavel, _The Seven Day Circle_) |
| 1825# 1826# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-11-22): 1827# Except for Moscow after 1919-07-01, I invented the time zone abbreviations, 1828# and (unless otherwise specified) guessed what happened after 1991. 1829# Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991, 1830# are from Andrey A. Chernov. The rest is from Shanks and the IATA. 1831# 1832# From Andrey A. Chernov <ache@nagual.ru> (1996-10-04): --- 296 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 2129 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1986 2130 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 2131 2:00 EU EE%sT 2132Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents. 2133 2134# Ukraine 2135# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2136Rule Ukraine 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 UST # Ukrainian Summer Time | 1831# 1832# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-11-22): 1833# Except for Moscow after 1919-07-01, I invented the time zone abbreviations, 1834# and (unless otherwise specified) guessed what happened after 1991. 1835# Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991, 1836# are from Andrey A. Chernov. The rest is from Shanks and the IATA. 1837# 1838# From Andrey A. Chernov <ache@nagual.ru> (1996-10-04): --- 296 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 2135 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1986 2136 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 2137 2:00 EU EE%sT 2138Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents. 2139 2140# Ukraine 2141# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2142Rule Ukraine 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 UST # Ukrainian Summer Time |
| 2137Rule Ukraine 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 KMT # Kiev Mean TIme | 2143Rule Ukraine 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 KMT # Kiev Mean Time |
| 2138Rule Ukraine 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 UDST # Ukrainian Double Summer Time 2139Rule Ukraine 1918 only - Sep 17 0:00 1:00 UST 2140Rule Ukraine 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 UDST 2141Rule Ukraine 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 UST 2142Rule Ukraine 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 KMT 2143Rule Ukraine 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 UST 2144Rule Ukraine 1921 only - Mar 21 23:00 2:00 UDST 2145Rule Ukraine 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 UST --- 137 unchanged lines hidden --- | 2144Rule Ukraine 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 UDST # Ukrainian Double Summer Time 2145Rule Ukraine 1918 only - Sep 17 0:00 1:00 UST 2146Rule Ukraine 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 UDST 2147Rule Ukraine 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 UST 2148Rule Ukraine 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 KMT 2149Rule Ukraine 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 UST 2150Rule Ukraine 1921 only - Mar 21 23:00 2:00 UDST 2151Rule Ukraine 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 UST --- 137 unchanged lines hidden --- |