| europe (18557) | europe (19878) |
|---|---|
| 1# @(#)europe 7.38 | 1# @(#)europe 7.40 |
| 2 3# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 4# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 5# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). 6 | 2 3# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 4# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 5# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). 6 |
| 7# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1995-12-19): | 7# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-09-03): |
| 8# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 9# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (3rd edition), 10# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991). 11# Except where otherwise noted, it is the source for the data below. 12# 13# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 14# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 15# I found in the UCLA library. 16# 17# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; 18# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. | 8# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 9# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (3rd edition), 10# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991). 11# Except where otherwise noted, it is the source for the data below. 12# 13# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 14# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 15# I found in the UCLA library. 16# 17# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; 18# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. |
| 19# The starred Russian names are dubious. Corrections are welcome! | 19# Corrections are welcome! |
| 20# std dst 21# LMT Local Mean Time | 20# std dst 21# LMT Local Mean Time |
| 22# LST Local Star Time (Russian ``mestnoe zvezdnoe vremya'') | |
| 23# -4:00 AST Atlantic | 22# -4:00 AST Atlantic |
| 24# -3:00 WGT+DST Western Greenland* 25# -2:00 MGT+DST Middle Greenland* 26# -1:00 EGT+DST Eastern Greenland* 27# -1:00 ACT+DST Azores and Canaries* 28# -1:00 IST IDT Iceland (no longer used)* | 23# -3:00 WGT WGST Western Greenland* 24# -1:00 EGT EGST Eastern Greenland* |
| 29# 0:00 GMT BST Greenwich, British Summer | 25# 0:00 GMT BST Greenwich, British Summer |
| 30# 0:00 WET+DST Western Europe 31# 1:00 MET+DST Middle Europe 32# 2:00 EET+DST Eastern Europe 33# 3:00 MSK MSD Moscow 34# 3:00 TUR+DST Turkey (no longer used)* 35# 4:00 KSK KSD Kuybyshev (was 3:00)* 36# 5:00 ESK ESD Yekaterinburg (was 4:00) (was SSK, SSD)* 37# 6:00 OSK OSD Omsk (was 5:00)* 38# 6:00 NSK NSD Novosibirsk (was 7:00) 39# 7:00 KRSK KRSD Krasnoyarsk (was 6:00) 40# 8:00 ISK ISD Irkutsk (was 7:00)* 41# 9:00 YSK YSD Yakutsk (was 8:00)* 42# 10:00 VSK VSD Vladivostok (was 9:00)* 43# 11:00 MSK MSD Magadan (was 10:00)* 44# 12:00 PSK PSD Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski (was 11:00)* 45# 13:00 ASK ASD Anadyr (was 12:00)* | 26# 0:00 GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer 27# 0:00 WET WEST Western Europe 28# 1:00 CET CEST Central Europe 29# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe |
| 46# | 30# |
| 47# See the `africa' file for Zone naming conventions. | 31# See the `africa' file for time zone naming and abbreviation conventions. |
| 48# 49# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones, especially in Britain, 50# is Derek Howse, Greenwich time and the discovery of the longitude, 51# Oxford University Press (1980). 52 | 32# 33# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones, especially in Britain, 34# is Derek Howse, Greenwich time and the discovery of the longitude, 35# Oxford University Press (1980). 36 |
| 53# From Andrew A. Chernov <ache@astral.msk.su> (November 12, 1993): 54# LST is Local Star Time (``mestnoe zvezdnoe vremya''). 55 56# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (December 4, 1994), | 37# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-12-04), |
| 57# The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy, 58# Luxembourg, the Netherlands. 59# Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom. 60# Plus, from 1 Jan 81: Greece. 61# Plus, from 1 Jan 86: Spain, Portugal. 62# Plus, from 1 Jan 95: Austria, Finland, Sweden. (Norway negotiated terms for 63# entry but in a referendum on 28 Nov 94 the people voted No by 52.2% to 47.8% 64# on a turnout of 88.6%. This was almost the same result as Norway's previous --- 4 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 69# I don't think they know yet what they will do from 1996 onwards. 70# ... 71# There shouldn't be any [current members who are not using EU rules]. 72# A Directive has the force of law, member states are obliged to enact 73# national law to implement it. The only contentious issue was the 74# different end date for the UK and Ireland, and this was always allowed 75# in the Directive. 76 | 38# The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy, 39# Luxembourg, the Netherlands. 40# Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom. 41# Plus, from 1 Jan 81: Greece. 42# Plus, from 1 Jan 86: Spain, Portugal. 43# Plus, from 1 Jan 95: Austria, Finland, Sweden. (Norway negotiated terms for 44# entry but in a referendum on 28 Nov 94 the people voted No by 52.2% to 47.8% 45# on a turnout of 88.6%. This was almost the same result as Norway's previous --- 4 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 50# I don't think they know yet what they will do from 1996 onwards. 51# ... 52# There shouldn't be any [current members who are not using EU rules]. 53# A Directive has the force of law, member states are obliged to enact 54# national law to implement it. The only contentious issue was the 55# different end date for the UK and Ireland, and this was always allowed 56# in the Directive. 57 |
| 58 |
|
| 77############################################################################### 78 79# United Kingdom | 59############################################################################### 60 61# United Kingdom |
| 62# The UK and its colonies adopted the Gregorian calendar on 1752-09-14. |
|
| 80 | 63 |
| 81# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (July 6, 1994): | 64# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-07-06): |
| 82# 83# On 17 Jan 1994 the Independent, a UK quality newspaper, had a piece about 84# historical vistas along the Thames in west London. There was a photo 85# and a sketch map showing some of the sightlines involved. One paragraph 86# of the text said: 87# 88# `An old stone obelisk marking a forgotten terrestrial meridian stands 89# beside the river at Kew. In the 18th century, before time and longditude --- 4 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 94# along the towpath within a few yards of it.' 95# 96# I have a one inch to one mile map of London and my estimate of the stone's 97# position is 51 deg. 28' 30" N, 0 deg. 18' 45" W. The longditude should 98# be within about +-2". The Ordnance Survey grid reference is TQ172761. 99# 100# [This yields GMTOFF = -0:01:15 for London LMT in the 18th century.] 101 | 65# 66# On 17 Jan 1994 the Independent, a UK quality newspaper, had a piece about 67# historical vistas along the Thames in west London. There was a photo 68# and a sketch map showing some of the sightlines involved. One paragraph 69# of the text said: 70# 71# `An old stone obelisk marking a forgotten terrestrial meridian stands 72# beside the river at Kew. In the 18th century, before time and longditude --- 4 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 77# along the towpath within a few yards of it.' 78# 79# I have a one inch to one mile map of London and my estimate of the stone's 80# position is 51 deg. 28' 30" N, 0 deg. 18' 45" W. The longditude should 81# be within about +-2". The Ordnance Survey grid reference is TQ172761. 82# 83# [This yields GMTOFF = -0:01:15 for London LMT in the 18th century.] 84 |
| 102# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993): | 85# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1993-11-18): |
| 103# 104# Howse writes that Britain was the first country to use standard time. 105# The railways cared most about the inconsistencies of local mean time, 106# and it was they who forced a uniform time on the country. 107# The original idea was credited to Dr. William Hyde Wollaston (1766-1828); 108# it was popularized in 1840 by Capt. Basil Hall, RN (1788-1844), 109# famed explorer and former Commissioner for Longitude. 110# The first railway to adopt London time was the Great Western Railway --- 18 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 129# Summer Time was first seriously proposed by William Willett (1857-1915), 130# a London builder who circulated a pamphlet ``Waste of Daylight'' (1907) 131# that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April, 132# and retarding them by the same amount on four Sundays in September. 133# A bill was drafted in 1909 and introduced in Parliament several times, 134# but it met with ridicule and opposition, especially from farming interests. 135# One-hour Summer Time was eventually adopted as a wartime measure in 1916. 136 | 86# 87# Howse writes that Britain was the first country to use standard time. 88# The railways cared most about the inconsistencies of local mean time, 89# and it was they who forced a uniform time on the country. 90# The original idea was credited to Dr. William Hyde Wollaston (1766-1828); 91# it was popularized in 1840 by Capt. Basil Hall, RN (1788-1844), 92# famed explorer and former Commissioner for Longitude. 93# The first railway to adopt London time was the Great Western Railway --- 18 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 112# Summer Time was first seriously proposed by William Willett (1857-1915), 113# a London builder who circulated a pamphlet ``Waste of Daylight'' (1907) 114# that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April, 115# and retarding them by the same amount on four Sundays in September. 116# A bill was drafted in 1909 and introduced in Parliament several times, 117# but it met with ridicule and opposition, especially from farming interests. 118# One-hour Summer Time was eventually adopted as a wartime measure in 1916. 119 |
| 137# From Arthur David Olson (January 19, 1989): | 120# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): 121# The OED Supplement says that the English originally said ``Daylight Saving'' 122# when they were debating the adoption of DST in 1908; but by 1916 this 123# term appears only in quotes taken from DST's opponents, whereas the 124# proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using ``Summer''. 125 126# From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-19): |
| 138# 139# A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's 140# known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom. 141 142# Date: 4 Jan 89 08:57:25 GMT (Wed) 143# From: Jonathan Leffler <nih-csl!uunet!mcvax!sphinx.co.uk!john> 144# [British Summer Time] is fixed annually by Act of Parliament. 145# If you can predict what Parliament will do, you should be in 146# politics making a fortune, not computing. 147 | 127# 128# A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's 129# known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom. 130 131# Date: 4 Jan 89 08:57:25 GMT (Wed) 132# From: Jonathan Leffler <nih-csl!uunet!mcvax!sphinx.co.uk!john> 133# [British Summer Time] is fixed annually by Act of Parliament. 134# If you can predict what Parliament will do, you should be in 135# politics making a fortune, not computing. 136 |
| 148# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (September 3, 1993): | 137# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1993-09-03): |
| 149# 150# Our Government...couldn't...make a decision after the 1989 consultation 151# exercise about the UK changing its timezone so it just let things drift 152# (different from deciding to keep the status quo). According to the 153# Summer Time Order 1992 (SI 1992/1729) the dates of Summer Time for 1993 154# and 1994 are: 155# Start End 156# 1993 28 March 24 October --- 10 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 167# after the third Saturday in March, unless that day is Easter Day, in 168# which case it is the morning of the day after the second Saturday. 169# It ends at 02:00 GMT on the morning of the day after the fourth Saturday 170# in October. (All the redundant `morning of the day ...' is in the Act.) 171# This is only of passing interest now as it will always be overridden by 172# an Order in Council (a Statutary Instrument, the SI thing mentioned above) 173# to specify the EC specified dates. 174 | 138# 139# Our Government...couldn't...make a decision after the 1989 consultation 140# exercise about the UK changing its timezone so it just let things drift 141# (different from deciding to keep the status quo). According to the 142# Summer Time Order 1992 (SI 1992/1729) the dates of Summer Time for 1993 143# and 1994 are: 144# Start End 145# 1993 28 March 24 October --- 10 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 156# after the third Saturday in March, unless that day is Easter Day, in 157# which case it is the morning of the day after the second Saturday. 158# It ends at 02:00 GMT on the morning of the day after the fourth Saturday 159# in October. (All the redundant `morning of the day ...' is in the Act.) 160# This is only of passing interest now as it will always be overridden by 161# an Order in Council (a Statutary Instrument, the SI thing mentioned above) 162# to specify the EC specified dates. 163 |
| 175# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (October 18, 1993): | 164# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1993-10-18): |
| 176# 177# My contact in the Ministry of Defence Public Relations department 178# accepted the challenge of looking into this and produced the following, 179# from Hansard (the official record of the UK Parliament), Oral Answers, 180# 1 March 1945, cols 1559--60: 181# 182# `58. Major Sir Goronwy Owen asked the Secretary of State for the Home 183# Department if he is now able to state the Government's proposals --- 5 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 189# considered, [...] the conclusion has been reached that the adoption of 190# double summer time from the beginning of April is essential to the 191# maintenance of the war effort. [...] As 1st April is Easter Sunday, 192# when very early services are held in many churches, it is proposed that 193# double summer time shall start not in the night preceding Easter 194# Sunday, but in the night of Sunday- Monday so that it will operate from 195# Monday, 2nd April.' 196 | 165# 166# My contact in the Ministry of Defence Public Relations department 167# accepted the challenge of looking into this and produced the following, 168# from Hansard (the official record of the UK Parliament), Oral Answers, 169# 1 March 1945, cols 1559--60: 170# 171# `58. Major Sir Goronwy Owen asked the Secretary of State for the Home 172# Department if he is now able to state the Government's proposals --- 5 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 178# considered, [...] the conclusion has been reached that the adoption of 179# double summer time from the beginning of April is essential to the 180# maintenance of the war effort. [...] As 1st April is Easter Sunday, 181# when very early services are held in many churches, it is proposed that 182# double summer time shall start not in the night preceding Easter 183# Sunday, but in the night of Sunday- Monday so that it will operate from 184# Monday, 2nd April.' 185 |
| 197# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (September 3, 1993): | 186# From Chris Carrier <72157.3334@CompuServe.COM> (1996-06-14): 187# I remember reading in various wartime issues of the London Times the 188# acronym BDST for British Double Summer Time. Look for the published 189# time of sunrise and sunset in The Times, when BDST was in effect, and 190# if you find a zone reference it will say, "All times B.D.S.T." 191 192# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1993-09-03): |
| 198# 199# > # Current rules 200# > Rule GB-Eire 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 BST 201# > Rule GB-Eire 1981 max - Oct Sun>=23 1:00s 0 GMT 202# 203# The ending rule here doesn't match the EC rules, which specify the fourth 204# Sunday in October for the UK and Eire. The `fourth Sunday' rule wasn't 205# followed in 1989, but then the sixth EC directive wasn't in force then --- 7 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 213# attempt at resolving this issue, which is what prompted me to start 214# asking the Home Office and the EC about it again. The EC categorically 215# state they are not asking anybody to change timezone, they only want 216# common start/end dates. The UK Govt. seem to want to change our zone 217# and blame the resulting fuss on the EC. Me, I think we should scrap 218# summer time completely, noon is when the Sun is overhead, and that should 219# be the end of it. 220 | 193# 194# > # Current rules 195# > Rule GB-Eire 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 BST 196# > Rule GB-Eire 1981 max - Oct Sun>=23 1:00s 0 GMT 197# 198# The ending rule here doesn't match the EC rules, which specify the fourth 199# Sunday in October for the UK and Eire. The `fourth Sunday' rule wasn't 200# followed in 1989, but then the sixth EC directive wasn't in force then --- 7 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 208# attempt at resolving this issue, which is what prompted me to start 209# asking the Home Office and the EC about it again. The EC categorically 210# state they are not asking anybody to change timezone, they only want 211# common start/end dates. The UK Govt. seem to want to change our zone 212# and blame the resulting fuss on the EC. Me, I think we should scrap 213# summer time completely, noon is when the Sun is overhead, and that should 214# be the end of it. 215 |
| 221# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (October 22, 1993): | 216# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1993-10-22): |
| 222# 223# I now have the text of the Summer Time Act 1916, the granddaddy of them all. 224# It is headed: `An Act to provide for the Time in Great Britain and Ireland 225# being in advance of Greenwich and Dublin mean time respectively in the 226# summer months'. 227# 228# It specifies 21 May and 1 October for 1916 (both at 02:00 GMT) and whatever 229# dates an Order in Council may specify for subsequent years. --- 16 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 246# 247# The Act doesn't say anything about Wales (or Scotland) so I would assert 248# that Shanks is wrong here. I would like to know why he thinks Wales 249# was different. 250# 251# It also confirms the fact that Ireland followed Dublin time back then, 252# and 25 minutes behind Greenwich, as Shanks has it, would be correct. 253 | 217# 218# I now have the text of the Summer Time Act 1916, the granddaddy of them all. 219# It is headed: `An Act to provide for the Time in Great Britain and Ireland 220# being in advance of Greenwich and Dublin mean time respectively in the 221# summer months'. 222# 223# It specifies 21 May and 1 October for 1916 (both at 02:00 GMT) and whatever 224# dates an Order in Council may specify for subsequent years. --- 16 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 241# 242# The Act doesn't say anything about Wales (or Scotland) so I would assert 243# that Shanks is wrong here. I would like to know why he thinks Wales 244# was different. 245# 246# It also confirms the fact that Ireland followed Dublin time back then, 247# and 25 minutes behind Greenwich, as Shanks has it, would be correct. 248 |
| 254# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (October 28, 1993): | 249# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1993-10-28): |
| 255# 256# I now have before me, thanks to my learned legal friend Lorna, the text of 257# the Time (Ireland) Act 1916. 258# 259# It says that as from 2 AM Dublin Mean Time on 1 October 1916 the time 260# for general purposes in Ireland shall be the same as the rest of Great 261# Britain (ie. GMT with the Summer Time periods specified by the Summer Time 262# Act 1916).... As Ireland was behind GMT/BST at 02:00 DMT on 1 Oct GB would --- 6 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 269# 02:25 GMT 02:25 GMT 270# with the transition 03:00 DST -> 02:00 DMT -> 02:25 GMT all at once. 271# 272# In a table of repeals in the Schedule to the Act it mentions the 273# Statutes (Definition of Time) Act 1880. This is presumably the source 274# of the 1880 date in Shanks. The little bit of it that is repealed 275# also refers solely to Ireland and Dublin Mean Time. 276 | 250# 251# I now have before me, thanks to my learned legal friend Lorna, the text of 252# the Time (Ireland) Act 1916. 253# 254# It says that as from 2 AM Dublin Mean Time on 1 October 1916 the time 255# for general purposes in Ireland shall be the same as the rest of Great 256# Britain (ie. GMT with the Summer Time periods specified by the Summer Time 257# Act 1916).... As Ireland was behind GMT/BST at 02:00 DMT on 1 Oct GB would --- 6 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 264# 02:25 GMT 02:25 GMT 265# with the transition 03:00 DST -> 02:00 DMT -> 02:25 GMT all at once. 266# 267# In a table of repeals in the Schedule to the Act it mentions the 268# Statutes (Definition of Time) Act 1880. This is presumably the source 269# of the 1880 date in Shanks. The little bit of it that is repealed 270# also refers solely to Ireland and Dublin Mean Time. 271 |
| 277# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (October 29, 1993): | 272# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1993-10-29): |
| 278# 279# My case is that, with the sole exception of Ireland in 1916 using Dublin 280# Mean Time, Summer Time has been uniform throughout the United Kingdom 281# ever since it first started in 1916. 282# 283# The United Kingdom is England, Wales and Scotland plus all of Ireland from 284# 1916 up to and including 1921, or plus Northern Ireland from 1922 to date. 285# --- 152 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 438# stated that `The time for general purposes in the United Kingdom 439# (to be known as British standard time) shall be one hour in 440# advance of Greenwich mean time throughout the year; ...' you could 441# possibly argue that the start time of BStandardT was 00:00 1968-10-27, 442# especially as the Act repealed the Summer Time Acts 1916--1947 in toto, 443# thereby destroying the authority of the Summer Time Order specifying 444# summer time in 1968.... 445 | 273# 274# My case is that, with the sole exception of Ireland in 1916 using Dublin 275# Mean Time, Summer Time has been uniform throughout the United Kingdom 276# ever since it first started in 1916. 277# 278# The United Kingdom is England, Wales and Scotland plus all of Ireland from 279# 1916 up to and including 1921, or plus Northern Ireland from 1922 to date. 280# --- 152 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 433# stated that `The time for general purposes in the United Kingdom 434# (to be known as British standard time) shall be one hour in 435# advance of Greenwich mean time throughout the year; ...' you could 436# possibly argue that the start time of BStandardT was 00:00 1968-10-27, 437# especially as the Act repealed the Summer Time Acts 1916--1947 in toto, 438# thereby destroying the authority of the Summer Time Order specifying 439# summer time in 1968.... 440 |
| 446# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (November 18, 1993) | 441# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1993-11-18) |
| 447# 448# Here is a revised version of my tabrules file for the perl script I sent 449# before. I have personally verified the various Orders back to 1953 and 450# all the Acts. 451# 452# There are no changes to the dates we already have. 453# 454# My doubt about an early start in 1967 on 18 Feb was misplaced, the Order --- 148 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 603# 1990 25 Mar 28 Oct fixed 604# 1991 31 Mar 27 Oct fixed 605# 1992 29 Mar 25 Oct fixed 606# # Sixth EC Directive 607# # Summer Time Order, 1992 (SI1992/1729) 608# 1993 28 Mar 24 Oct fixed 609# 1994 27 Mar 23 Oct fixed 610 | 442# 443# Here is a revised version of my tabrules file for the perl script I sent 444# before. I have personally verified the various Orders back to 1953 and 445# all the Acts. 446# 447# There are no changes to the dates we already have. 448# 449# My doubt about an early start in 1967 on 18 Feb was misplaced, the Order --- 148 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 598# 1990 25 Mar 28 Oct fixed 599# 1991 31 Mar 27 Oct fixed 600# 1992 29 Mar 25 Oct fixed 601# # Sixth EC Directive 602# # Summer Time Order, 1992 (SI1992/1729) 603# 1993 28 Mar 24 Oct fixed 604# 1994 27 Mar 23 Oct fixed 605 |
| 611# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (August 18, 1994): | 606# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-08-18): |
| 612# I now have the text of the 7th EC directive on summer time arrangements 613# (94/21/EC), which was approved on 30 May.... 614# The major changes from existing practice are that 1995 will be the last year 615# that the UK and Eire finish on a different date from everyone else, 616# and the common end date from 1996 onwards will be the last Sunday in October. 617# Year Start End End (UK & Eire, 1995 only) 618# (rule) (last Sun) (last Sun) (4th Sun) 619# 1995 26 March 24 September 22 October --- 6 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 626# came into force on 16 November. It restates the dates from the EC 627# seventh Summer Time Directive.... 628# 629# From Peter Ilieve <peter@aldie.co.uk> (1996-04-20): 630# Proposals for the eighth directive were supposed to have been produced 631# by the Commission by 1 Jan 96. They have not yet appeared (I asked just 632# before Easter). 633 | 607# I now have the text of the 7th EC directive on summer time arrangements 608# (94/21/EC), which was approved on 30 May.... 609# The major changes from existing practice are that 1995 will be the last year 610# that the UK and Eire finish on a different date from everyone else, 611# and the common end date from 1996 onwards will be the last Sunday in October. 612# Year Start End End (UK & Eire, 1995 only) 613# (rule) (last Sun) (last Sun) (4th Sun) 614# 1995 26 March 24 September 22 October --- 6 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 621# came into force on 16 November. It restates the dates from the EC 622# seventh Summer Time Directive.... 623# 624# From Peter Ilieve <peter@aldie.co.uk> (1996-04-20): 625# Proposals for the eighth directive were supposed to have been produced 626# by the Commission by 1 Jan 96. They have not yet appeared (I asked just 627# before Easter). 628 |
| 634# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (March 28, 1994): | 629# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-03-28): |
| 635# The [GB-Eire] end date of 22 October [1995] conflicts with your current rule 636# of Oct Sun>=23, and the historical UK formula of Sun after 4th Sat. 637# The last time 4th Sun and Sun after 4th Sat differed was in 1989, 638# when 29 October was used. That year was covered by a UK Summer Time Order 639# for only a single year and it looks as though there was a matching 4th EC 640# directive for just this year. I don't have the text of the 5th EC 641# directive (for 1990--92) but my guess would be it said 4th Sun. 642# To maintain strict historical accuracy you could start a new UK ending rule --- 71 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 714Rule GB-Eire 1934 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 715Rule GB-Eire 1935 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 BST 716Rule GB-Eire 1936 1937 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 717Rule GB-Eire 1938 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 BST 718Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 719# 1939 end to 1947--irregular, and with double summer time 720Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Nov 19 2:00s 0 GMT 721Rule GB-Eire 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00s 1:00 BST | 630# The [GB-Eire] end date of 22 October [1995] conflicts with your current rule 631# of Oct Sun>=23, and the historical UK formula of Sun after 4th Sat. 632# The last time 4th Sun and Sun after 4th Sat differed was in 1989, 633# when 29 October was used. That year was covered by a UK Summer Time Order 634# for only a single year and it looks as though there was a matching 4th EC 635# directive for just this year. I don't have the text of the 5th EC 636# directive (for 1990--92) but my guess would be it said 4th Sun. 637# To maintain strict historical accuracy you could start a new UK ending rule --- 71 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 709Rule GB-Eire 1934 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 710Rule GB-Eire 1935 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 BST 711Rule GB-Eire 1936 1937 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 712Rule GB-Eire 1938 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 BST 713Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 714# 1939 end to 1947--irregular, and with double summer time 715Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Nov 19 2:00s 0 GMT 716Rule GB-Eire 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00s 1:00 BST |
| 722Rule GB-Eire 1941 only - May Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 DST | 717Rule GB-Eire 1941 only - May Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST |
| 723Rule GB-Eire 1941 1943 - Aug Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST | 718Rule GB-Eire 1941 1943 - Aug Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST |
| 724Rule GB-Eire 1942 1944 - Apr Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 DST | 719Rule GB-Eire 1942 1944 - Apr Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST |
| 725Rule GB-Eire 1944 only - Sep Sun>=16 1:00s 1:00 BST 726# Double daylight starts on a Monday in 1945--see above. | 720Rule GB-Eire 1944 only - Sep Sun>=16 1:00s 1:00 BST 721# Double daylight starts on a Monday in 1945--see above. |
| 727Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Apr 2 1:00s 2:00 DST | 722Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Apr 2 1:00s 2:00 BDST |
| 728Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Jul 15 1:00s 1:00 BST 729Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 GMT 730Rule GB-Eire 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 BST 731Rule GB-Eire 1946 only - Oct 6 2:00s 0 GMT 732Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Mar 16 2:00s 1:00 BST | 723Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Jul 15 1:00s 1:00 BST 724Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 GMT 725Rule GB-Eire 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 BST 726Rule GB-Eire 1946 only - Oct 6 2:00s 0 GMT 727Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Mar 16 2:00s 1:00 BST |
| 733Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Apr 13 1:00s 2:00 DST | 728Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Apr 13 1:00s 2:00 BDST |
| 734Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Aug 10 1:00s 1:00 BST 735Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 GMT 736# So much for double saving time. 1948 and 1949, irregular. 737Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Mar 14 2:00s 1:00 BST 738Rule GB-Eire 1948 1949 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 GMT 739Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST 740# 1950 through start of 1953, regular. 741Rule GB-Eire 1950 1953 - Apr Sun>=14 2:00s 1:00 BST --- 21 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 763# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 764Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Sep 22 765 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27 766 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 767 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996 768 0:00 EU GMT/BST 769Zone Europe/Belfast -0:23:40 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 770 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 # Dublin MT | 729Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Aug 10 1:00s 1:00 BST 730Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 GMT 731# So much for double saving time. 1948 and 1949, irregular. 732Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Mar 14 2:00s 1:00 BST 733Rule GB-Eire 1948 1949 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 GMT 734Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST 735# 1950 through start of 1953, regular. 736Rule GB-Eire 1950 1953 - Apr Sun>=14 2:00s 1:00 BST --- 21 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 758# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 759Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Sep 22 760 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27 761 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 762 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996 763 0:00 EU GMT/BST 764Zone Europe/Belfast -0:23:40 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 765 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 # Dublin MT |
| 771 -0:25:21 1:00 DST 1916 Oct 1 3:00 | 766 -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 3:00 # Irish Summer Time |
| 772 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27 773 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 774 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996 775 0:00 EU GMT/BST 776Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:21 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 777 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 # Dublin MT | 767 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27 768 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 769 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996 770 0:00 EU GMT/BST 771Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:21 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 772 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 # Dublin MT |
| 778 -0:25:21 1:00 DST 1916 Oct 1 3:00 779 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1921 Dec 6 | 773 -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 3:00 774 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1921 Dec 6 # independence |
| 780 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1940 Feb 25 2:00 781 0:00 1:00 IST 1946 Oct 6 2:00 782 0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00 783 0:00 1:00 IST 1947 Nov 2 2:00 784 0:00 - GMT 1948 Apr 18 2:00 785 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1968 Oct 27 786 1:00 - IST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 787 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1996 788 0:00 EU GMT/IST 789 | 775 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1940 Feb 25 2:00 776 0:00 1:00 IST 1946 Oct 6 2:00 777 0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00 778 0:00 1:00 IST 1947 Nov 2 2:00 779 0:00 - GMT 1948 Apr 18 2:00 780 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1968 Oct 27 781 1:00 - IST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 782 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1996 783 0:00 EU GMT/IST 784 |
| 790# ZONE-DESCR Europe London United_Kingdom All points except N. Ireland 791# ZONE-DESCR Europe Belfast United_Kingdom Northern Ireland 792# ZONE-DESCR Europe Dublin Eire All points 793 | |
| 794############################################################################### 795 796# Continental Europe 797 798# EU rules are for the European Union, previously known as the EC, EEC, 799# Common Market, etc. 800 801# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S | 785############################################################################### 786 787# Continental Europe 788 789# EU rules are for the European Union, previously known as the EC, EEC, 790# Common Market, etc. 791 792# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
| 802Rule EU 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00u 1:00 " DST" | 793Rule EU 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00u 1:00 S |
| 803Rule EU 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - 804Rule EU 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00u 0 - 805Rule EU 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - | 794Rule EU 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - 795Rule EU 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00u 0 - 796Rule EU 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - |
| 806Rule EU 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 " DST" | 797Rule EU 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S |
| 807Rule EU 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 - 808 809# W-Eur differs from EU only in that W-Eur uses standard time. | 798Rule EU 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 - 799 800# W-Eur differs from EU only in that W-Eur uses standard time. |
| 810Rule W-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 " DST" | 801Rule W-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S |
| 811Rule W-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 812Rule W-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00s 0 - 813Rule W-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - | 802Rule W-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 803Rule W-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00s 0 - 804Rule W-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - |
| 814Rule W-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 " DST" | 805Rule W-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S |
| 815Rule W-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 - 816 | 806Rule W-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 - 807 |
| 817# Older M-Eur rules are for convenience in the tables. 818# From 1977 on, M-Eur differs from EU only in that M-Eur uses standard time. 819Rule M-Eur 1916 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 " DST" 820Rule M-Eur 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 821Rule M-Eur 1917 1918 - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 " DST" 822Rule M-Eur 1917 1918 - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 - 823Rule M-Eur 1940 only - Apr 1 2:00s 1:00 " DST" | 808# Older C-Eur rules are for convenience in the tables. 809# From 1977 on, C-Eur differs from EU only in that C-Eur uses standard time. 810Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S 811Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 812Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S 813Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 - 814Rule C-Eur 1940 only - Apr 1 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 824# Whitman says 1941 DST was only from Feb 25 to Oct 5; go with Shanks. | 815# Whitman says 1941 DST was only from Feb 25 to Oct 5; go with Shanks. |
| 825Rule M-Eur 1942 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 - 826Rule M-Eur 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00s 1:00 " DST" 827Rule M-Eur 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00s 0 - 828Rule M-Eur 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 " DST" | 816Rule C-Eur 1942 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 - 817Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00s 1:00 S 818Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00s 0 - 819Rule C-Eur 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 829# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 7; go with Shanks. | 820# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 7; go with Shanks. |
| 830Rule M-Eur 1944 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 - 831Rule M-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 " DST" 832Rule M-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 833Rule M-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - 834Rule M-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 835Rule M-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 " DST" 836Rule M-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - | 821Rule C-Eur 1944 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 - 822Rule C-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 823Rule C-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 824Rule C-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - 825Rule C-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 826Rule C-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 827Rule C-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - |
| 837 838# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S | 828 829# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
| 839Rule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 " DST" 840Rule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 - 841Rule Russia 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 " DDST" 842Rule Russia 1918 only - Sep 17 0:00 1:00 " DST" 843Rule Russia 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 " DDST" 844Rule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 D 845Rule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 K 846Rule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 D | 830Rule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 MST # Moscow Summer Time 831Rule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 MMT # Moscow Mean Time 832Rule Russia 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 MDST # Moscow Double Summer Time 833Rule Russia 1918 only - Sep 17 0:00 1:00 MST 834Rule Russia 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 MDST 835Rule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 S 836Rule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 - 837Rule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S |
| 847# Shanks gives 1921 Mar 21 for the following transition. | 838# Shanks gives 1921 Mar 21 for the following transition. |
| 848# From Andrew A. Chernov <ache@astral.msk.su> (November 12, 1993): | 839# From Andrew A. Chernov <ache@astral.msk.su> (1993-11-12): |
| 849# My sources says, that it is Mar 20, not 21. | 840# My sources says, that it is Mar 20, not 21. |
| 850Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 DD 851Rule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D 852Rule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 K 853Rule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 854Rule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 K 855Rule Russia 1984 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 K 856Rule Russia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 K 857Rule Russia 1985 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D | 841Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 DS 842Rule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 S 843Rule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 844Rule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 845Rule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 846Rule Russia 1984 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 847Rule Russia 1985 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 858 859# These are for backward compatibility with older versions. 860 861# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] | 848 849# These are for backward compatibility with older versions. 850 851# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| 862Zone WET 0:00 EU WET%s 863Zone MET 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 864Zone EET 2:00 EU EET%s | 852Zone WET 0:00 EU WE%sT 853Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 854Zone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT 855Zone EET 2:00 EU EE%sT |
| 865 | 856 |
| 866# Tom Hoffman says that MET is also known as Central European Time | 857# Previous editions of this database used abbreviations like MET DST 858# for Central European Summer Time, but this didn't agree with common usage. |
| 867 | 859 |
| 868Link MET CET | 860# From Markus Kuhn <mskuhn@unrza3.dialin.rrze.uni-erlangen.de> (1996-07-12): 861# The official German names ... are 862# 863# Mitteleuropaeische Zeit (MEZ) = UTC+01:00 864# Mitteleuropaeische Sommerzeit (MESZ) = UTC+02:00 865# 866# as defined in the German Time Act (Gesetz ueber die Zeitbestimmung (ZeitG), 867# 1978-07-25, Bundesgesetzblatt, Jahrgang 1978, Teil I, S. 1110-1111).... 868# I wrote ... to the German Federal Physical-Technical Institution 869# 870# Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) 871# Laboratorium 4.41 "Zeiteinheit" 872# Postfach 3345 873# D-38023 Braunschweig 874# phone: +49 531 592-0 875# 876# ... I received today an answer letter from Dr. Peter Hetzel, head of the PTB 877# department for time and frequency transmission. He explained that the 878# PTB translates MEZ and MESZ into English as 879# 880# Central European Time (CET) = UTC+01:00 881# Central European Summer Time (CEST) = UTC+02:00 |
| 869 | 882 |
| 883 |
|
| 870# Albania 871# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S | 884# Albania 885# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
| 872Rule Albania 1940 only - Jun 16 0:00 1:00 " DST" | 886Rule Albania 1940 only - Jun 16 0:00 1:00 S |
| 873Rule Albania 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - | 887Rule Albania 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - |
| 874Rule Albania 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 " DST" | 888Rule Albania 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S |
| 875Rule Albania 1943 only - Apr 10 3:00 0 - | 889Rule Albania 1943 only - Apr 10 3:00 0 - |
| 876Rule Albania 1974 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 " DST" | 890Rule Albania 1974 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 S |
| 877Rule Albania 1974 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - | 891Rule Albania 1974 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - |
| 878Rule Albania 1975 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 " DST" | 892Rule Albania 1975 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S |
| 879Rule Albania 1975 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - | 893Rule Albania 1975 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - |
| 880Rule Albania 1976 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 " DST" | 894Rule Albania 1976 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S |
| 881Rule Albania 1976 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - | 895Rule Albania 1976 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - |
| 882Rule Albania 1977 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 " DST" | 896Rule Albania 1977 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S |
| 883Rule Albania 1977 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - | 897Rule Albania 1977 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - |
| 884Rule Albania 1978 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 " DST" | 898Rule Albania 1978 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S |
| 885Rule Albania 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - | 899Rule Albania 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - |
| 886Rule Albania 1979 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 " DST" | 900Rule Albania 1979 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 S |
| 887Rule Albania 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - | 901Rule Albania 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - |
| 888Rule Albania 1980 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 " DST" | 902Rule Albania 1980 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 S |
| 889Rule Albania 1980 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - | 903Rule Albania 1980 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - |
| 890Rule Albania 1981 only - Apr 26 0:00 1:00 " DST" | 904Rule Albania 1981 only - Apr 26 0:00 1:00 S |
| 891Rule Albania 1981 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 - | 905Rule Albania 1981 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 - |
| 892Rule Albania 1982 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 " DST" | 906Rule Albania 1982 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S |
| 893Rule Albania 1982 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - | 907Rule Albania 1982 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - |
| 894Rule Albania 1983 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 " DST" | 908Rule Albania 1983 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 S |
| 895Rule Albania 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - | 909Rule Albania 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - |
| 896Rule Albania 1984 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 " DST" | 910Rule Albania 1984 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S |
| 897Rule Albania 1984 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 898# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 899Zone Europe/Tirane 1:19:20 - LMT 1914 | 911Rule Albania 1984 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 912# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 913Zone Europe/Tirane 1:19:20 - LMT 1914 |
| 900 1:00 - MET 1940 Jun 16 901 1:00 Albania MET%s 1985 Mar 31 1:00 902 1:00 W-Eur MET%s 903# This may change to `EU' soon. | 914 1:00 - CET 1940 Jun 16 915 1:00 Albania CE%sT 1985 Mar 31 1:00 916 1:00 W-Eur CE%sT |
| 904 | 917 |
| 905# ZONE-DESCR Europe Tirane Albania All points 906 | |
| 907# Andorra 908# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 909Zone Europe/Andorra 0:06:04 - LMT 1901 910 0:00 - WET 1946 Sep 30 | 918# Andorra 919# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 920Zone Europe/Andorra 0:06:04 - LMT 1901 921 0:00 - WET 1946 Sep 30 |
| 911 1:00 - MET 1985 Mar 31 2:00 912 1:00 EU MET%s | 922 1:00 - CET 1985 Mar 31 2:00 923 1:00 EU CE%sT |
| 913 | 924 |
| 914# ZONE-DESCR Europe Andorra Andorra All points 915 | |
| 916# Austria 917# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S | 925# Austria 926# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
| 918Rule Austria 1920 only - Apr 5 2:00s 1:00 " DST" | 927Rule Austria 1920 only - Apr 5 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 919Rule Austria 1920 only - Sep 13 2:00s 0 - | 928Rule Austria 1920 only - Sep 13 2:00s 0 - |
| 920Rule Austria 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 " DST" | 929Rule Austria 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 921Rule Austria 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - | 930Rule Austria 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - |
| 922Rule Austria 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 " DST" | 931Rule Austria 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 923Rule Austria 1946 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - | 932Rule Austria 1946 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - |
| 924Rule Austria 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 " DST" 925Rule Austria 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 " DST" | 933Rule Austria 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S 934Rule Austria 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 926# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 927Zone Europe/Vienna 1:05:20 - LMT 1893 Apr | 935# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 936Zone Europe/Vienna 1:05:20 - LMT 1893 Apr |
| 928 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1918 Jun 16 3:00 929 1:00 Austria MET%s 1940 Apr 1 2:00 930 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 Apr 2 2:00 931 1:00 Austria MET%s 1981 932 1:00 EU MET%s | 937 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Jun 16 3:00 938 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1940 Apr 1 2:00 939 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 940 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1981 941 1:00 EU CE%sT |
| 933 | 942 |
| 934# ZONE-DESCR Europe Vienna Austria All points 935 | |
| 936# Belarus 937# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 938Zone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880 | 943# Belarus 944# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 945Zone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880 |
| 939 2:31 Russia LST%s 1919 Jul 1 2:00 940 3:00 Russia MS%s 1922 Oct | 946 2:30:20 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 2:00 947 3:00 Russia MOS%sT 1922 Oct # Moscow Time |
| 941 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 | 948 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 |
| 942 3:00 Russia MS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 943 2:00 1:00 "EET DST" 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 944 2:00 M-Eur EET%s 945# This may change to `EU' soon. | 949 3:00 Russia MOS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 950 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 951 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT |
| 946 | 952 |
| 947# ZONE-DESCR Europe Minsk Belarus All points 948 | |
| 949# Belgium 950# Whitman and Shanks disagree; go with Shanks, usually. 951# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 952# From Whitman: | 953# Belgium 954# Whitman and Shanks disagree; go with Shanks, usually. 955# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 956# From Whitman: |
| 953Rule Belgium 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 " DST" | 957Rule Belgium 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S |
| 954Rule Belgium 1919 only - Oct 4 23:00s 0 - 955# Shanks gives 1920 Feb 14 23:00s; go with Whitman. | 958Rule Belgium 1919 only - Oct 4 23:00s 0 - 959# Shanks gives 1920 Feb 14 23:00s; go with Whitman. |
| 956Rule Belgium 1920 1921 - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST" | 960Rule Belgium 1920 1921 - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S |
| 957Rule Belgium 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 958Rule Belgium 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 - | 961Rule Belgium 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 962Rule Belgium 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 - |
| 959Rule Belgium 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 " DST" | 963Rule Belgium 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S |
| 960# Whitman gives 1927 Oct 1 2:00s and 1928 Oct 7 2:00s; go with Shanks. 961Rule Belgium 1922 1928 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - | 964# Whitman gives 1927 Oct 1 2:00s and 1928 Oct 7 2:00s; go with Shanks. 965Rule Belgium 1922 1928 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - |
| 962Rule Belgium 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 963Rule Belgium 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 964Rule Belgium 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 965Rule Belgium 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 966Rule Belgium 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 967Rule Belgium 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 968Rule Belgium 1929 only - Apr 21 2:00s 1:00 " DST" | 966Rule Belgium 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00s 1:00 S 967Rule Belgium 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S 968Rule Belgium 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S 969Rule Belgium 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 970Rule Belgium 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 971Rule Belgium 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 972Rule Belgium 1929 only - Apr 21 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 969Rule Belgium 1929 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 - | 973Rule Belgium 1929 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 - |
| 970Rule Belgium 1930 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 " DST" 971Rule Belgium 1931 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 " DST" 972Rule Belgium 1932 only - Apr 17 2:00s 1:00 " DST" 973Rule Belgium 1933 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 " DST" 974Rule Belgium 1934 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 " DST" 975Rule Belgium 1935 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 " DST" 976Rule Belgium 1936 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 " DST" | 974Rule Belgium 1930 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 S 975Rule Belgium 1931 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S 976Rule Belgium 1932 only - Apr 17 2:00s 1:00 S 977Rule Belgium 1933 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 S 978Rule Belgium 1934 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S 979Rule Belgium 1935 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S 980Rule Belgium 1936 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 977# Whitman says 1937 Apr 18 2:00s; go with Shanks. | 981# Whitman says 1937 Apr 18 2:00s; go with Shanks. |
| 978Rule Belgium 1937 only - Apr 4 2:00s 1:00 " DST" | 982Rule Belgium 1937 only - Apr 4 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 979# Whitman says 1938 Apr 10 2:00s; go with Shanks. | 983# Whitman says 1938 Apr 10 2:00s; go with Shanks. |
| 980Rule Belgium 1938 only - Mar 27 2:00s 1:00 " DST" 981Rule Belgium 1939 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 " DST" | 984Rule Belgium 1938 only - Mar 27 2:00s 1:00 S 985Rule Belgium 1939 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 982Rule Belgium 1939 only - Nov 19 2:00s 0 - | 986Rule Belgium 1939 only - Nov 19 2:00s 0 - |
| 983Rule Belgium 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 " DST" | 987Rule Belgium 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 984Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - | 988Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - |
| 985Rule Belgium 1946 only - May 19 2:00s 1:00 " DST" | 989Rule Belgium 1946 only - May 19 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 986Rule Belgium 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - 987# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 988Zone Europe/Brussels 0:17:20 - LMT 1880 | 990Rule Belgium 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - 991# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 992Zone Europe/Brussels 0:17:20 - LMT 1880 |
| 989 0:17 - BST 1892 May 1 12:00 | 993 0:17:20 - BMT 1892 May 1 12:00 # Brussels MT |
| 990 0:00 - WET 1914 Aug 4 | 994 0:00 - WET 1914 Aug 4 |
| 991 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1919 Mar 1 23:00 992 0:00 Belgium WET%s 1940 Feb 24 23:00 993 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 Apr 2 2:00 994 1:00 Belgium MET%s 1977 995 1:00 EU MET%s | 995 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1919 Mar 1 23:00 996 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 Feb 24 23:00 997 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 998 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977 999 1:00 EU CE%sT |
| 996 | 1000 |
| 997# ZONE-DESCR Europe Brussels Belgium All points 998 | |
| 999# Bosnia and Herzegovina | 1001# Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| 1000# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1918 Mar 18. | |
| 1001# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1002Zone Europe/Sarajevo 1:13:40 - LMT 1884 | 1002# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1003Zone Europe/Sarajevo 1:13:40 - LMT 1884 |
| 1003 1:00 - MET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 1004 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 May 8 2:00s 1005 1:00 1:00 "MET DST" 1945 Sep 16 2:00s 1006 1:00 - MET 1983 1007 1:00 EU MET%s | 1004 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 1005 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s 1006 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s 1007 1:00 - CET 1983 1008 1:00 EU CE%sT |
| 1008 | 1009 |
| 1009# ZONE-DESCR Europe Sarajevo Bosnia_and_Herzegovina All points 1010 | |
| 1011# Bulgaria | 1010# Bulgaria |
| 1012# Part switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1915 Nov 14; 1013# the rest switched on 1920 Sep 17. | |
| 1014# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S | 1011# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
| 1015Rule Bulg 1979 only - Mar 31 23:00 1:00 " DST" | 1012Rule Bulg 1979 only - Mar 31 23:00 1:00 S |
| 1016Rule Bulg 1979 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - | 1013Rule Bulg 1979 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - |
| 1017Rule Bulg 1980 1982 - Apr Sat<=7 23:00 1:00 " DST" | 1014Rule Bulg 1980 1982 - Apr Sat<=7 23:00 1:00 S |
| 1018Rule Bulg 1980 only - Sep 29 1:00 0 - 1019Rule Bulg 1981 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 - 1020# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1021Zone Europe/Sofia 1:33:16 - LMT 1880 | 1015Rule Bulg 1980 only - Sep 29 1:00 0 - 1016Rule Bulg 1981 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 - 1017# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1018Zone Europe/Sofia 1:33:16 - LMT 1880 |
| 1022 1:57 - TST 1894 Nov 30 | 1019 1:56:56 - IMT 1894 Nov 30 # Istanbul MT? |
| 1023 2:00 - EET 1942 Nov 2 3:00 | 1020 2:00 - EET 1942 Nov 2 3:00 |
| 1024 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 Apr 2 3:00 | 1021 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 3:00 |
| 1025 2:00 - EET 1979 Mar 31 23:00 | 1022 2:00 - EET 1979 Mar 31 23:00 |
| 1026 2:00 Bulg EET%s 1982 Sep 26 2:00 1027 2:00 M-Eur EET%s 1028# This may change to `EU' soon. | 1023 2:00 Bulg EE%sT 1982 Sep 26 2:00 1024 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT |
| 1029 | 1025 |
| 1030# ZONE-DESCR Europe Sofia Bulgaria All points 1031 | |
| 1032# Croatia | 1026# Croatia |
| 1033# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1918 Mar 18. | |
| 1034# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1035Zone Europe/Zagreb 1:03:52 - LMT 1884 | 1027# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1028Zone Europe/Zagreb 1:03:52 - LMT 1884 |
| 1036 1:00 - MET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 1037 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 May 8 2:00s 1038 1:00 1:00 "MET DST" 1945 Sep 16 2:00s 1039 1:00 - MET 1983 1040 1:00 EU MET%s | 1029 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 1030 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s 1031 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s 1032 1:00 - CET 1983 1033 1:00 EU CE%sT |
| 1041 | 1034 |
| 1042# ZONE-DESCR Europe Zagreb Croatia All points 1043 | |
| 1044# Czech Republic | 1035# Czech Republic |
| 1036# Gregorian calendar adopted 1584-01-17. |
|
| 1045# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S | 1037# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
| 1046Rule Czech 1945 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 " DST" | 1038Rule Czech 1945 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 1047Rule Czech 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - | 1039Rule Czech 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - |
| 1048Rule Czech 1946 only - May 6 2:00s 1:00 " DST" | 1040Rule Czech 1946 only - May 6 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 1049Rule Czech 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - | 1041Rule Czech 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - |
| 1050Rule Czech 1947 only - Apr 20 2:00s 1:00 " DST" 1051Rule Czech 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 " DST" 1052Rule Czech 1949 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 " DST" | 1042Rule Czech 1947 only - Apr 20 2:00s 1:00 S 1043Rule Czech 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 1044Rule Czech 1949 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 1053# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1054Zone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850 | 1045# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1046Zone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850 |
| 1055 0:58 - PMT 1891 Oct # Prague Mean Time 1056 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1944 Sep 17 2:00s 1057 1:00 Czech MET%s 1979 1058 1:00 EU MET%s | 1047 0:57:44 - PMT 1891 Oct # Prague Mean Time 1048 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 17 2:00s 1049 1:00 Czech CE%sT 1979 1050 1:00 EU CE%sT |
| 1059 | 1051 |
| 1060# ZONE-DESCR Europe Prague Czech_Republic All points 1061 | |
| 1062# Denmark | 1052# Denmark |
| 1053# Gregorian calendar adopted 1700-03-01. |
|
| 1063# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S | 1054# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
| 1064Rule Denmark 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 " DST" | 1055Rule Denmark 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S |
| 1065Rule Denmark 1916 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 - | 1056Rule Denmark 1916 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 - |
| 1066Rule Denmark 1940 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 " DST" 1067Rule Denmark 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 " DST" | 1057Rule Denmark 1940 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 1058Rule Denmark 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 1068Rule Denmark 1945 only - Aug 15 2:00s 0 - | 1059Rule Denmark 1945 only - Aug 15 2:00s 0 - |
| 1069Rule Denmark 1946 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 " DST" | 1060Rule Denmark 1946 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 1070Rule Denmark 1946 only - Sep 1 2:00s 0 - | 1061Rule Denmark 1946 only - Sep 1 2:00s 0 - |
| 1071Rule Denmark 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 " DST" | 1062Rule Denmark 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 1072Rule Denmark 1947 only - Aug 10 2:00s 0 - | 1063Rule Denmark 1947 only - Aug 10 2:00s 0 - |
| 1073Rule Denmark 1948 only - May 9 2:00s 1:00 " DST" | 1064Rule Denmark 1948 only - May 9 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 1074Rule Denmark 1948 only - Aug 8 2:00s 0 - 1075# Whitman also gives 1949 Apr 9 to 1949 Oct 1, and disagrees in minor ways 1076# about many of the above dates; go with Shanks. 1077# 1078# For 1894, Shanks says Jan, Whitman Apr; go with Whitman. 1079# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1080Zone Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890 | 1065Rule Denmark 1948 only - Aug 8 2:00s 0 - 1066# Whitman also gives 1949 Apr 9 to 1949 Oct 1, and disagrees in minor ways 1067# about many of the above dates; go with Shanks. 1068# 1069# For 1894, Shanks says Jan, Whitman Apr; go with Whitman. 1070# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1071Zone Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890 |
| 1081 0:50 - CMT 1894 Apr # Copenhagen Mean Time 1082 1:00 Denmark MET%s 1942 Nov 2 2:00s 1083 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 Apr 2 2:00 1084 1:00 Denmark MET%s 1980 1085 1:00 EU MET%s | 1072 0:50:20 - CMT 1894 Apr # Copenhagen Mean Time 1073 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s 1074 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 1075 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1980 1076 1:00 EU CE%sT |
| 1086Zone Atlantic/Faeroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # Torshavn 1087 0:00 - WET 1981 | 1077Zone Atlantic/Faeroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # Torshavn 1078 0:00 - WET 1981 |
| 1088 0:00 EU WET%s | 1079 0:00 EU WE%sT |
| 1089Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:29:00 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 | 1080Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:29:00 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 |
| 1090 -2:00 - MGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 1091 -2:00 M-Eur MGT%s 1981 Mar 29 1092 -1:00 M-Eur EGT%s | 1081 -2:00 - CGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 1082 -2:00 C-Eur CG%sT 1981 Mar 29 1083 -1:00 C-Eur EG%sT |
| 1093Zone America/Godthab -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 1094 -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 | 1084Zone America/Godthab -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 1085 -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 |
| 1095 -3:00 M-Eur WGT%s | 1086 -3:00 C-Eur WG%sT |
| 1096Zone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 1097 -4:00 - AST 1098 | 1087Zone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 1088 -4:00 - AST 1089 |
| 1099# ZONE-DESCR Europe Copenhagen Denmark All points except: 1100# ZONE-DESCR Atlantic Faeroe Denmark Faeroe Islands 1101 1102# ZONE-DESCR America Scoresbysund Greenland Eastern Greenland 1103# ZONE-DESCR America Godthab Greenland Western Greenland 1104# ZONE-DESCR America Thule Greenland Far Western Greenland (Thule) 1105 | |
| 1106# Estonia | 1090# Estonia |
| 1107# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1918 Feb 15. 1108# | |
| 1109# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-10-15): 1110# A relative in Tallinn confirms the accuracy of the data for 1989 onwards 1111# [through 1994] and gives the legal authority for it, 1112# a regulation of the Government of Estonia, No. 111 of 1989.... 1113# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1114Zone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880 | 1091# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-10-15): 1092# A relative in Tallinn confirms the accuracy of the data for 1989 onwards 1093# [through 1994] and gives the legal authority for it, 1094# a regulation of the Government of Estonia, No. 111 of 1989.... 1095# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1096Zone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880 |
| 1115 1:39 - LST 1918 Feb 1116 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1919 Jul 1117 1:39 - LST 1921 May | 1097 1:39:00 - TMT 1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time 1098 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1919 Jul 1099 1:39:00 - TMT 1921 May |
| 1118 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 6 | 1100 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 6 |
| 1119 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 15 1120 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1944 Sep 22 1121 3:00 Russia MS%s 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 1122 2:00 1:00 "EET DST" 1989 Sep 24 2:00s 1123 2:00 M-Eur EET%s 1124# This may change to `EU' soon. | 1101 3:00 - MOST 1941 Sep 15 # Moscow Time 1102 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 22 1103 3:00 Russia MOS%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 1104 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep 24 2:00s 1105 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT |
| 1125 | 1106 |
| 1126# ZONE-DESCR Europe Tallinn Estonia All points 1127 | |
| 1128# Finland | 1107# Finland |
| 1108# See Sweden for when the Gregorian calendar was adopted. |
|
| 1129# 1130# From Hannu Strang <chs@apu.fi> (25 Sep 1994 06:03:37 UTC): 1131# Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one, 1132# and it's supposed to change at 4am... 1133# 1134# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (25 Sep 1994): 1135# Shanks says Finland has switched at 02:00 standard time since 1981. 1136# Go with Strang instead. 1137# 1138# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S | 1109# 1110# From Hannu Strang <chs@apu.fi> (25 Sep 1994 06:03:37 UTC): 1111# Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one, 1112# and it's supposed to change at 4am... 1113# 1114# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (25 Sep 1994): 1115# Shanks says Finland has switched at 02:00 standard time since 1981. 1116# Go with Strang instead. 1117# 1118# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
| 1139Rule Finland 1942 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 " DST" | 1119Rule Finland 1942 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S |
| 1140Rule Finland 1942 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 1141# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1142Zone Europe/Helsinki 1:39:52 - LMT 1878 May 31 | 1120Rule Finland 1942 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 1121# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1122Zone Europe/Helsinki 1:39:52 - LMT 1878 May 31 |
| 1143 1:40 - HMT 1921 May # Helsinki Mean Time 1144 2:00 Finland EET%s 1981 Mar 29 2:00 1145 2:00 EU EET%s | 1123 1:39:52 - HMT 1921 May # Helsinki Mean Time 1124 2:00 Finland EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00 1125 2:00 EU EE%sT |
| 1146 | 1126 |
| 1147# ZONE-DESCR Europe Helsinki Finland All points 1148 | |
| 1149# France | 1127# France |
| 1128# Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-12-20. 1129# French Revolutionary calendar used 1792-09-22 - 1805-12-31. 1130# |
|
| 1150# Shanks seems to use `24:00' ambiguously; we resolve it with Whitman. 1151# From Shanks (1991): 1152# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S | 1131# Shanks seems to use `24:00' ambiguously; we resolve it with Whitman. 1132# From Shanks (1991): 1133# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
| 1153Rule France 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST" | 1134Rule France 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S |
| 1154Rule France 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 - | 1135Rule France 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 - |
| 1155Rule France 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 1156Rule France 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 1157Rule France 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 1158Rule France 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST" | 1136Rule France 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S 1137Rule France 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S 1138Rule France 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 1139Rule France 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S |
| 1159Rule France 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - | 1140Rule France 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - |
| 1160Rule France 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST" | 1141Rule France 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S |
| 1161Rule France 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 - | 1142Rule France 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 - |
| 1162Rule France 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 " DST" | 1143Rule France 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S |
| 1163Rule France 1922 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - | 1144Rule France 1922 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - |
| 1164Rule France 1923 only - May 26 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 1165Rule France 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 1166Rule France 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 1167Rule France 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 1168Rule France 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 1169Rule France 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 1170Rule France 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 1171Rule France 1930 only - Apr 12 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 1172Rule France 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 1173Rule France 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 1174Rule France 1933 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 1175Rule France 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 1176Rule France 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 1177Rule France 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 1178Rule France 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 1179Rule France 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 1180Rule France 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 " DST" | 1145Rule France 1923 only - May 26 23:00s 1:00 S 1146Rule France 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S 1147Rule France 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S 1148Rule France 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 1149Rule France 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 1150Rule France 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 1151Rule France 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S 1152Rule France 1930 only - Apr 12 23:00s 1:00 S 1153Rule France 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 1154Rule France 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S 1155Rule France 1933 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S 1156Rule France 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S 1157Rule France 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S 1158Rule France 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 1159Rule France 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S 1160Rule France 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S 1161Rule France 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S |
| 1181Rule France 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - | 1162Rule France 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - |
| 1182Rule France 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 " DST" | 1163Rule France 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S |
| 1183# The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris, 1184# but were used in other places (e.g. Monaco). | 1164# The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris, 1165# but were used in other places (e.g. Monaco). |
| 1185Rule France 1941 only - May 5 0:00 2:00 " DDST" 1186Rule France 1941 only - Oct 6 1:00 1:00 " DST" 1187Rule France 1942 only - Mar 8 0:00 2:00 " DDST" 1188Rule France 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 1:00 " DST" 1189Rule France 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 2:00 " DDST" 1190Rule France 1943 only - Nov 4 3:00 1:00 " DST" 1191Rule France 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00 2:00 " DDST" 1192Rule France 1944 only - Oct 8 1:00 1:00 " DST" 1193Rule France 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 2:00 " DDST" | 1166Rule France 1941 only - May 5 0:00 2:00 DS 1167Rule France 1941 only - Oct 6 1:00 1:00 S 1168Rule France 1942 only - Mar 8 0:00 2:00 DS 1169Rule France 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 1:00 S 1170Rule France 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 2:00 DS 1171Rule France 1943 only - Nov 4 3:00 1:00 S 1172Rule France 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00 2:00 DS 1173Rule France 1944 only - Oct 8 1:00 1:00 S 1174Rule France 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 2:00 DS |
| 1194Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 - | 1175Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 - |
| 1195Rule France 1976 only - Mar 28 2:00s 1:00 " DST" | 1176Rule France 1976 only - Mar 28 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 1196Rule France 1976 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 1197# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time, and Whitman gives 0:09:05, 1198# but Howse quotes the actual French legislation as saying 0:09:21. 1199# Go with Howse. Howse writes that the time in France was officially based 1200# on PMT-0:09:21 until 1978-08-09, when the time base finally switched to UTC. 1201# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1202Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 1203 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time | 1177Rule France 1976 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 1178# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time, and Whitman gives 0:09:05, 1179# but Howse quotes the actual French legislation as saying 0:09:21. 1180# Go with Howse. Howse writes that the time in France was officially based 1181# on PMT-0:09:21 until 1978-08-09, when the time base finally switched to UTC. 1182# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1183Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 1184 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time |
| 1204 0:00 France WET%s 1940 Jun 14 1205 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1944 Aug 25 1206 0:00 France WET%s 1945 Sep 16 3:00 1207 1:00 France MET%s 1977 1208 1:00 EU MET%s | 1185 0:00 France WE%sT 1940 Jun 14 1186 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 25 1187 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 1188 1:00 France CE%sT 1977 1189 1:00 EU CE%sT |
| 1209 | 1190 |
| 1210# ZONE-DESCR Europe Paris France All points 1211 | |
| 1212# Germany | 1191# Germany |
| 1192 |
|
| 1213# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S | 1193# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
| 1214Rule Germany 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 " DST" 1215Rule Germany 1945 only - May 24 2:00 2:00 " DDST" 1216Rule Germany 1945 only - Sep 24 3:00 1:00 " DST" | 1194Rule Germany 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 1195Rule Germany 1945 only - May 24 2:00 2:00 DS 1196Rule Germany 1945 only - Sep 24 3:00 1:00 S |
| 1217Rule Germany 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - | 1197Rule Germany 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - |
| 1218Rule Germany 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 " DST" | 1198Rule Germany 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 1219# Whitman gives 1948 Oct 31; go with Shanks. 1220Rule Germany 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - | 1199# Whitman gives 1948 Oct 31; go with Shanks. 1200Rule Germany 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - |
| 1221Rule Germany 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 " DST" 1222Rule Germany 1947 only - May 11 2:00s 2:00 " DDST" 1223Rule Germany 1947 only - Jun 29 3:00 1:00 " DST" 1224Rule Germany 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 " DST" 1225Rule Germany 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 " DST" | 1201Rule Germany 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S 1202Rule Germany 1947 only - May 11 2:00s 2:00 DS 1203Rule Germany 1947 only - Jun 29 3:00 1:00 S 1204Rule Germany 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 1205Rule Germany 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 1226# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1227Zone Europe/Berlin 0:53:28 - LMT 1893 Apr | 1206# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1207Zone Europe/Berlin 0:53:28 - LMT 1893 Apr |
| 1228 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 Apr 2 2:00 1229 1:00 Germany MET%s 1980 1230 1:00 EU MET%s | 1208 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 1209 1:00 Germany CE%sT 1980 1210 1:00 EU CE%sT |
| 1231 | 1211 |
| 1232# ZONE-DESCR Europe Berlin Germany All points 1233 | |
| 1234# Gibraltar 1235# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1236Zone Europe/Gibraltar -0:21:24 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 1237 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1957 Apr 14 2:00 | 1212# Gibraltar 1213# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1214Zone Europe/Gibraltar -0:21:24 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 1215 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1957 Apr 14 2:00 |
| 1238 1:00 - MET 1982 1239 1:00 EU MET%s | 1216 1:00 - CET 1982 1217 1:00 EU CE%sT |
| 1240 | 1218 |
| 1241# ZONE-DESCR Europe Gibraltar United_Kingdom Gibraltar 1242 | |
| 1243# Greece | 1219# Greece |
| 1244# They adopted the Julian calendar in 1846. 1245# Part switched to the Gregorian calendar on 1916 Jul 28. 1246# The rest switched on 1920 Mar 18. | |
| 1247# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1248# Whitman gives 1932 Jul 5 - Nov 1; go with Shanks. | 1220# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1221# Whitman gives 1932 Jul 5 - Nov 1; go with Shanks. |
| 1249Rule Greece 1932 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 " DST" | 1222Rule Greece 1932 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 S |
| 1250Rule Greece 1932 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 1251# Whitman gives 1941 Apr 25 - ?; go with Shanks. | 1223Rule Greece 1932 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 1224# Whitman gives 1941 Apr 25 - ?; go with Shanks. |
| 1252Rule Greece 1941 only - Apr 7 0:00 1:00 " DST" | 1225Rule Greece 1941 only - Apr 7 0:00 1:00 S |
| 1253# Whitman gives 1942 Feb 2 - ?; go with Shanks. 1254Rule Greece 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - | 1226# Whitman gives 1942 Feb 2 - ?; go with Shanks. 1227Rule Greece 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - |
| 1255Rule Greece 1943 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 " DST" | 1228Rule Greece 1943 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S |
| 1256Rule Greece 1943 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 1257# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 3 - Oct 31; go with Shanks. | 1229Rule Greece 1943 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 1230# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 3 - Oct 31; go with Shanks. |
| 1258Rule Greece 1952 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 " DST" | 1231Rule Greece 1952 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S |
| 1259Rule Greece 1952 only - Nov 2 0:00 0 - | 1232Rule Greece 1952 only - Nov 2 0:00 0 - |
| 1260Rule Greece 1975 only - Apr 12 0:00s 1:00 " DST" | 1233Rule Greece 1975 only - Apr 12 0:00s 1:00 S |
| 1261Rule Greece 1975 only - Nov 26 0:00s 0 - | 1234Rule Greece 1975 only - Nov 26 0:00s 0 - |
| 1262Rule Greece 1976 only - Apr 11 2:00s 1:00 " DST" | 1235Rule Greece 1976 only - Apr 11 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 1263Rule Greece 1976 only - Oct 10 2:00s 0 - | 1236Rule Greece 1976 only - Oct 10 2:00s 0 - |
| 1264Rule Greece 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 " DST" | 1237Rule Greece 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 1265Rule Greece 1977 only - Sep 26 2:00s 0 - 1266Rule Greece 1978 only - Sep 24 4:00 0 - | 1238Rule Greece 1977 only - Sep 26 2:00s 0 - 1239Rule Greece 1978 only - Sep 24 4:00 0 - |
| 1267Rule Greece 1979 only - Apr 1 9:00 1:00 " DST" | 1240Rule Greece 1979 only - Apr 1 9:00 1:00 S |
| 1268Rule Greece 1979 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 - | 1241Rule Greece 1979 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 - |
| 1269Rule Greece 1980 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 " DST" | 1242Rule Greece 1980 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S |
| 1270Rule Greece 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 1271# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1272Zone Europe/Athens 1:34:52 - LMT 1895 Sep 14 | 1243Rule Greece 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 1244# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1245Zone Europe/Athens 1:34:52 - LMT 1895 Sep 14 |
| 1273 1:35 - AMT 1916 Jul 28 0:01 # Athens MT 1274 2:00 Greece EET%s 1941 Apr 30 1275 1:00 Greece MET%s 1944 Apr 4 1276 2:00 Greece EET%s 1981 1277 # Shanks says they switched to M-Eur in 1981; | 1246 1:34:52 - AMT 1916 Jul 28 0:01 # Athens MT 1247 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1941 Apr 30 1248 1:00 Greece CE%sT 1944 Apr 4 1249 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1981 1250 # Shanks says they switched to C-Eur in 1981; |
| 1278 # go with EU intead, since Greece joined it on Jan 1. | 1251 # go with EU intead, since Greece joined it on Jan 1. |
| 1279 2:00 EU EET%s | 1252 2:00 EU EE%sT |
| 1280 | 1253 |
| 1281# ZONE-DESCR Europe Athens Greece All points 1282 | |
| 1283# Hungary | 1254# Hungary |
| 1255# Gregorian calendar adopted 1587-11-01. |
|
| 1284# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S | 1256# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
| 1285Rule Hungary 1918 only - Apr 1 3:00 1:00 " DST" | 1257Rule Hungary 1918 only - Apr 1 3:00 1:00 S |
| 1286Rule Hungary 1918 only - Sep 29 3:00 0 - | 1258Rule Hungary 1918 only - Sep 29 3:00 0 - |
| 1287Rule Hungary 1919 only - Apr 15 3:00 1:00 " DST" | 1259Rule Hungary 1919 only - Apr 15 3:00 1:00 S |
| 1288Rule Hungary 1919 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 - | 1260Rule Hungary 1919 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 - |
| 1289Rule Hungary 1920 only - Apr 5 3:00 1:00 " DST" | 1261Rule Hungary 1920 only - Apr 5 3:00 1:00 S |
| 1290Rule Hungary 1920 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 - | 1262Rule Hungary 1920 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 - |
| 1291Rule Hungary 1945 only - May 1 23:00 1:00 " DST" | 1263Rule Hungary 1945 only - May 1 23:00 1:00 S |
| 1292Rule Hungary 1945 only - Nov 3 0:00 0 - | 1264Rule Hungary 1945 only - Nov 3 0:00 0 - |
| 1293Rule Hungary 1946 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 " DST" | 1265Rule Hungary 1946 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 1294Rule Hungary 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - | 1266Rule Hungary 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - |
| 1295Rule Hungary 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=4 2:00s 1:00 " DST" 1296Rule Hungary 1950 only - Apr 17 2:00s 1:00 " DST" | 1267Rule Hungary 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=4 2:00s 1:00 S 1268Rule Hungary 1950 only - Apr 17 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 1297Rule Hungary 1950 only - Oct 23 2:00s 0 - | 1269Rule Hungary 1950 only - Oct 23 2:00s 0 - |
| 1298Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - May 23 0:00 1:00 " DST" | 1270Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - May 23 0:00 1:00 S |
| 1299Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - Oct 3 0:00 0 - | 1271Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - Oct 3 0:00 0 - |
| 1300Rule Hungary 1956 only - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 " DST" | 1272Rule Hungary 1956 only - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S |
| 1301Rule Hungary 1956 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - | 1273Rule Hungary 1956 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - |
| 1302Rule Hungary 1957 only - Jun Sun>=1 1:00 1:00 " DST" | 1274Rule Hungary 1957 only - Jun Sun>=1 1:00 1:00 S |
| 1303Rule Hungary 1957 only - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 - | 1275Rule Hungary 1957 only - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 - |
| 1304Rule Hungary 1980 only - Apr 6 1:00 1:00 " DST" | 1276Rule Hungary 1980 only - Apr 6 1:00 1:00 S |
| 1305# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1306Zone Europe/Budapest 1:16:20 - LMT 1890 Oct | 1277# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1278Zone Europe/Budapest 1:16:20 - LMT 1890 Oct |
| 1307 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1918 1308 1:00 Hungary MET%s 1941 Apr 6 2:00 1309 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 May 1 23:00 1310 1:00 Hungary MET%s 1980 Sep 28 2:00s 1311 1:00 EU MET%s | 1279 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 1280 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1941 Apr 6 2:00 1281 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 1 23:00 1282 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1980 Sep 28 2:00s 1283 1:00 EU CE%sT |
| 1312 | 1284 |
| 1313# ZONE-DESCR Europe Budapest Hungary All points 1314 | |
| 1315# Iceland 1316# | 1285# Iceland 1286# |
| 1317# From Adam David <adam@veda.is> (November 6, 1993): | 1287# From Adam David <adam@veda.is> (1993-11-06): |
| 1318# The name of the timezone in Iceland for system / mail / news purposes is GMT. 1319# | 1288# The name of the timezone in Iceland for system / mail / news purposes is GMT. 1289# |
| 1320# (December 5, 1993): | 1290# (1993-12-05): |
| 1321# This material is paraphrased from the 1988 edition of the University of 1322# Iceland Almanak. 1323# 1324# From January 1st, 1908 the whole of Iceland was standardised at 1 hour 1325# behind GMT. Previously, local mean solar time was used in different parts 1326# of Iceland, the almanak had been based on Reykjavik mean solar time which 1327# was 1 hour and 28 minutes behind GMT. 1328# 1329# "first day of winter" referred to [below] means the first day of the 26 weeks 1330# of winter, according to the old icelandic calendar that dates back to the 1331# time the norsemen first settled Iceland. The first day of winter is always 1332# Saturday, but is not dependent on the Julian or Gregorian calendars. 1333# | 1291# This material is paraphrased from the 1988 edition of the University of 1292# Iceland Almanak. 1293# 1294# From January 1st, 1908 the whole of Iceland was standardised at 1 hour 1295# behind GMT. Previously, local mean solar time was used in different parts 1296# of Iceland, the almanak had been based on Reykjavik mean solar time which 1297# was 1 hour and 28 minutes behind GMT. 1298# 1299# "first day of winter" referred to [below] means the first day of the 26 weeks 1300# of winter, according to the old icelandic calendar that dates back to the 1301# time the norsemen first settled Iceland. The first day of winter is always 1302# Saturday, but is not dependent on the Julian or Gregorian calendars. 1303# |
| 1334# (December 10, 1993): | 1304# (1993-12-10): |
| 1335# I have a reference from the Oxford Icelandic-English dictionary for the 1336# beginning of winter, which ties it to the ecclesiastical calendar (and thus 1337# to the julian/gregorian calendar) over the period in question. 1338# the winter begins on the Saturday next before St. Luke's day 1339# (old style), or on St. Luke's day, if a Saturday. 1340# St. Luke's day ought to be traceable from ecclesiastical sources. "old style" 1341# might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it | 1305# I have a reference from the Oxford Icelandic-English dictionary for the 1306# beginning of winter, which ties it to the ecclesiastical calendar (and thus 1307# to the julian/gregorian calendar) over the period in question. 1308# the winter begins on the Saturday next before St. Luke's day 1309# (old style), or on St. Luke's day, if a Saturday. 1310# St. Luke's day ought to be traceable from ecclesiastical sources. "old style" 1311# might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it |
| 1342# might mean something else (???). The Gregorian calendar was not introduced 1343# in Iceland until 1700. | 1312# might mean something else (???). |
| 1344# | 1313# |
| 1345# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (December 9, 1993): | 1314# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1993-12-09): |
| 1346# The Iceland Almanak, Shanks and Whitman disagree on many points. 1347# We go with the Almanak, except for one claim from Shanks, namely that 1348# Reykavik was -1:28 from 1837 to 1908, local mean time before that. 1349# 1350# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S | 1315# The Iceland Almanak, Shanks and Whitman disagree on many points. 1316# We go with the Almanak, except for one claim from Shanks, namely that 1317# Reykavik was -1:28 from 1837 to 1908, local mean time before that. 1318# 1319# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
| 1351Rule Iceland 1917 1918 - Feb 19 23:00 1:00 D 1352Rule Iceland 1917 only - Oct 21 1:00 0 S 1353Rule Iceland 1918 only - Nov 16 1:00 0 S 1354Rule Iceland 1939 only - Apr 29 23:00 1:00 D 1355Rule Iceland 1939 only - Nov 29 2:00 0 S 1356Rule Iceland 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 D 1357Rule Iceland 1940 only - Nov 3 2:00 0 S 1358Rule Iceland 1941 only - Mar 2 1:00s 1:00 D 1359Rule Iceland 1941 only - Nov 2 1:00s 0 S 1360Rule Iceland 1942 only - Mar 8 1:00s 1:00 D 1361Rule Iceland 1942 only - Oct 25 1:00s 0 S | 1320Rule Iceland 1917 1918 - Feb 19 23:00 1:00 S 1321Rule Iceland 1917 only - Oct 21 1:00 0 - 1322Rule Iceland 1918 only - Nov 16 1:00 0 - 1323Rule Iceland 1939 only - Apr 29 23:00 1:00 S 1324Rule Iceland 1939 only - Nov 29 2:00 0 - 1325Rule Iceland 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S 1326Rule Iceland 1940 only - Nov 3 2:00 0 - 1327Rule Iceland 1941 only - Mar 2 1:00s 1:00 S 1328Rule Iceland 1941 only - Nov 2 1:00s 0 - 1329Rule Iceland 1942 only - Mar 8 1:00s 1:00 S 1330Rule Iceland 1942 only - Oct 25 1:00s 0 - |
| 1362# 1943-1946 - first Sunday in March until first Sunday in winter | 1331# 1943-1946 - first Sunday in March until first Sunday in winter |
| 1363Rule Iceland 1943 1946 - Mar Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 D 1364Rule Iceland 1943 1948 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 S | 1332Rule Iceland 1943 1946 - Mar Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S 1333Rule Iceland 1943 1948 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 - |
| 1365# 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter | 1334# 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter |
| 1366Rule Iceland 1947 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 D | 1335Rule Iceland 1947 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S |
| 1367# 1949 Oct transition delayed by 1 week | 1336# 1949 Oct transition delayed by 1 week |
| 1368Rule Iceland 1949 only - Oct 30 1:00s 0 S 1369Rule Iceland 1950 1966 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 S 1370Rule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 S | 1337Rule Iceland 1949 only - Oct 30 1:00s 0 - 1338Rule Iceland 1950 1966 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 - 1339Rule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 - |
| 1371# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1372Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:27:24 - LMT 1837 | 1340# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1341Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:27:24 - LMT 1837 |
| 1373 -1:28 - RMT 1908 # Reykjavik Mean Time 1374 -1:00 Iceland I%sT 1968 Apr 7 1:00s | 1342 -1:27:48 - RMT 1908 # Reykjavik Mean Time? 1343 -1:00 Iceland IS%sT 1968 Apr 7 1:00s |
| 1375 0:00 - GMT 1376 | 1344 0:00 - GMT 1345 |
| 1377# ZONE-DESCR Atlantic Reykjavik Iceland All points 1378 | |
| 1379# Italy | 1346# Italy |
| 1347# Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-10-15. 1348# |
|
| 1380# From Paul Eggert (1996-05-06): 1381# For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks, Whitman, and F. Pollastri | 1349# From Paul Eggert (1996-05-06): 1350# For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks, Whitman, and F. Pollastri |
| 1382# <URL:http://pisolo.cstv.to.cnr.it/toi/uk/ienitlt.html> (see `FP' below), 1383# taken from a publication of the Italian National Electrotechnical Institute. | 1351# <URL:http://pisolo.cstv.to.cnr.it/toi/uk/ienitlt.html> (1996-03-14) (`FP' 1352# below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute publication. |
| 1384# When the three sources disagree, guess who's right, as follows: 1385# 1386# year FP Shanks (S) Whitman (W) Go with: 1387# 1916 06-03 06-03 24:00 06-03 00:00 FP & W 1388# 09-30 09-30 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s 1389# 1917 04-01 03-31 24:00 03-31 00:00 FP & S 1390# 09-30 09-29 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP & W 1391# 1918 03-09 03-09 24:00 03-09 00:00 FP & S 1392# 10-06 10-05 24:00 10-06 01:00 FP & W 1393# 1919 03-01 03-01 24:00 03-01 00:00 FP & S 1394# 10-04 10-04 24:00 10-04 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s 1395# 1920 03-20 03-20 24:00 03-20 00:00 FP & S 1396# 09-18 09-18 24:00 10-01 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s | 1353# When the three sources disagree, guess who's right, as follows: 1354# 1355# year FP Shanks (S) Whitman (W) Go with: 1356# 1916 06-03 06-03 24:00 06-03 00:00 FP & W 1357# 09-30 09-30 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s 1358# 1917 04-01 03-31 24:00 03-31 00:00 FP & S 1359# 09-30 09-29 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP & W 1360# 1918 03-09 03-09 24:00 03-09 00:00 FP & S 1361# 10-06 10-05 24:00 10-06 01:00 FP & W 1362# 1919 03-01 03-01 24:00 03-01 00:00 FP & S 1363# 10-04 10-04 24:00 10-04 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s 1364# 1920 03-20 03-20 24:00 03-20 00:00 FP & S 1365# 09-18 09-18 24:00 10-01 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s |
| 1397# 1944 04-02 04-03 02:00 S (see M-Eur) | 1366# 1944 04-02 04-03 02:00 S (see C-Eur) |
| 1398# 09-16 10-02 03:00 FP; guess 24:00s 1399# 1945 09-14 09-16 24:00 FP; guess 24:00s 1400# 1970 05-21 05-31 00:00 S 1401# 09-20 09-27 00:00 S 1402# 1403# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S | 1367# 09-16 10-02 03:00 FP; guess 24:00s 1368# 1945 09-14 09-16 24:00 FP; guess 24:00s 1369# 1970 05-21 05-31 00:00 S 1370# 09-20 09-27 00:00 S 1371# 1372# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
| 1404Rule Italy 1916 only - Jun 3 0:00s 1:00 " DST" | 1373Rule Italy 1916 only - Jun 3 0:00s 1:00 S |
| 1405Rule Italy 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - | 1374Rule Italy 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - |
| 1406Rule Italy 1917 only - Apr 1 0:00s 1:00 " DST" | 1375Rule Italy 1917 only - Apr 1 0:00s 1:00 S |
| 1407Rule Italy 1917 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 - | 1376Rule Italy 1917 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 - |
| 1408Rule Italy 1918 only - Mar 10 0:00s 1:00 " DST" | 1377Rule Italy 1918 only - Mar 10 0:00s 1:00 S |
| 1409Rule Italy 1918 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 - | 1378Rule Italy 1918 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 - |
| 1410Rule Italy 1919 only - Mar 2 0:00s 1:00 " DST" 1411Rule Italy 1920 only - Mar 21 0:00s 1:00 " DST" | 1379Rule Italy 1919 only - Mar 2 0:00s 1:00 S 1380Rule Italy 1920 only - Mar 21 0:00s 1:00 S |
| 1412Rule Italy 1920 only - Sep 19 0:00s 0 - | 1381Rule Italy 1920 only - Sep 19 0:00s 0 - |
| 1413Rule Italy 1940 only - Jun 15 0:00s 1:00 " DST" | 1382Rule Italy 1940 only - Jun 15 0:00s 1:00 S |
| 1414Rule Italy 1944 only - Sep 17 0:00s 0 - | 1383Rule Italy 1944 only - Sep 17 0:00s 0 - |
| 1415Rule Italy 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 " DST" | 1384Rule Italy 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 S |
| 1416Rule Italy 1945 only - Sep 15 0:00s 0 - | 1385Rule Italy 1945 only - Sep 15 0:00s 0 - |
| 1417Rule Italy 1946 only - Mar 17 2:00s 1:00 " DST" | 1386Rule Italy 1946 only - Mar 17 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 1418Rule Italy 1946 only - Oct 6 2:00s 0 - | 1387Rule Italy 1946 only - Oct 6 2:00s 0 - |
| 1419Rule Italy 1947 only - Mar 16 0:00s 1:00 " DST" | 1388Rule Italy 1947 only - Mar 16 0:00s 1:00 S |
| 1420Rule Italy 1947 only - Oct 5 0:00s 0 - | 1389Rule Italy 1947 only - Oct 5 0:00s 0 - |
| 1421Rule Italy 1948 only - Feb 29 2:00s 1:00 " DST" | 1390Rule Italy 1948 only - Feb 29 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 1422Rule Italy 1948 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 - | 1391Rule Italy 1948 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 - |
| 1423Rule Italy 1966 1968 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 " DST" | 1392Rule Italy 1966 1968 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S |
| 1424Rule Italy 1966 1969 - Sep Sun>=22 0:00 0 - | 1393Rule Italy 1966 1969 - Sep Sun>=22 0:00 0 - |
| 1425Rule Italy 1969 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 " DST" 1426Rule Italy 1970 only - May 31 0:00 1:00 " DST" | 1394Rule Italy 1969 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 1395Rule Italy 1970 only - May 31 0:00 1:00 S |
| 1427Rule Italy 1970 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - | 1396Rule Italy 1970 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - |
| 1428Rule Italy 1971 1972 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 " DST" | 1397Rule Italy 1971 1972 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S |
| 1429Rule Italy 1971 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - 1430Rule Italy 1972 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - | 1398Rule Italy 1971 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - 1399Rule Italy 1972 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - |
| 1431Rule Italy 1973 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 " DST" | 1400Rule Italy 1973 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 S |
| 1432Rule Italy 1973 1974 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - | 1401Rule Italy 1973 1974 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - |
| 1433Rule Italy 1974 only - May 26 0:00 1:00 " DST" 1434Rule Italy 1975 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 " DST" | 1402Rule Italy 1974 only - May 26 0:00 1:00 S 1403Rule Italy 1975 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S |
| 1435Rule Italy 1975 1977 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - | 1404Rule Italy 1975 1977 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - |
| 1436Rule Italy 1976 only - May 30 0:00s 1:00 " DST" 1437Rule Italy 1977 1979 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 " DST" | 1405Rule Italy 1976 only - May 30 0:00s 1:00 S 1406Rule Italy 1977 1979 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S |
| 1438Rule Italy 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1439Rule Italy 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 - 1440# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1441Zone Europe/Rome 0:49:56 - LMT 1866 Sep 22 | 1407Rule Italy 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1408Rule Italy 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 - 1409# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1410Zone Europe/Rome 0:49:56 - LMT 1866 Sep 22 |
| 1442 0:50 - RMT 1893 Nov # Rome Mean Time 1443 1:00 Italy MET%s 1942 Nov 2 2:00s 1444 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1944 Jul 1445 1:00 Italy MET%s 1980 1446 1:00 EU MET%s | 1411 0:49:56 - RMT 1893 Nov # Rome Mean Time 1412 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s 1413 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul 1414 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1980 1415 1:00 EU CE%sT |
| 1447 1448Link Europe/Rome Europe/Vatican 1449Link Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino 1450 | 1416 1417Link Europe/Rome Europe/Vatican 1418Link Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino 1419 |
| 1451# ZONE-DESCR Europe Rome Italy All points 1452# ZONE-DESCR Europe Vatican Holy_See All points 1453# ZONE-DESCR Europe San_Marino San_Marino All points 1454 | |
| 1455# Latvia | 1420# Latvia |
| 1456# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1918 Feb 15. | |
| 1457# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1458Zone Europe/Riga 1:36:24 - LMT 1880 | 1421# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1422Zone Europe/Riga 1:36:24 - LMT 1880 |
| 1459 1:36 - LST 1918 Apr 15 2:00 1460 1:36 M-Eur LST%s 1919 Apr 1 2:00 1461 1:36 1:00 "LST DST" 1919 May 22 3:00 1462 1:36 - LST 1926 May 11 | 1423 1:36:24 - RMT 1918 Apr 15 2:00 #Riga Mean Time 1424 1:36:24 1:00 LST 1918 Sep 16 3:00 #Latvian Summer 1425 1:36:24 - RMT 1919 Apr 1 2:00 1426 1:36:24 1:00 LST 1919 May 22 3:00 1427 1:36:24 - RMT 1926 May 11 |
| 1463 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 5 | 1428 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 5 |
| 1464 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jul 1465 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1944 Aug 8 1466 3:00 Russia MS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1467 2:00 1:00 "EET DST" 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 1468 2:00 M-Eur EET%s 1469# This may change to `EU' soon. | 1429 3:00 - MOST 1941 Jul # Moscow Time 1430 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 8 1431 3:00 Russia MOS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1432 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 1433 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT |
| 1470 | 1434 |
| 1471# ZONE-DESCR Europe Riga Latvia All points 1472 | |
| 1473# Liechtenstein 1474# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1475Zone Europe/Vaduz 0:38:04 - LMT 1894 Jun | 1435# Liechtenstein 1436# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1437Zone Europe/Vaduz 0:38:04 - LMT 1894 Jun |
| 1476 1:00 - MET 1981 1477 1:00 EU MET%s | 1438 1:00 - CET 1981 1439 1:00 EU CE%sT |
| 1478 | 1440 |
| 1479# ZONE-DESCR Europe Vaduz Liechtenstein All points 1480 | |
| 1481# Lithuania | 1441# Lithuania |
| 1482# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1918 Feb 15. | |
| 1483# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1484Zone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880 | 1442# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1443Zone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880 |
| 1485 1:24 - LST 1917 # Kaunas 1486 1:36 - LST 1919 Oct 10 1487 1:00 - MET 1920 Jul 12 | 1444 1:24:00 - WMT 1917 # Warsaw Mean Time 1445 1:35:36 - KMT 1919 Oct 10 # Kaunas Mean Time 1446 1:00 - CET 1920 Jul 12 |
| 1488 2:00 - EET 1920 Oct 9 | 1447 2:00 - EET 1920 Oct 9 |
| 1489 1:00 - MET 1940 Aug 3 1490 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 24 1491 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1944 Aug 1492 3:00 Russia MS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1493 2:00 1:00 "EET DST" 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 1494 2:00 M-Eur EET%s 1495# This may change to `EU' soon. | 1448 1:00 - CET 1940 Aug 3 1449 3:00 - MOST 1941 Jun 24 # Moscow Time 1450 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 1451 3:00 Russia MOS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1452 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 1453 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT |
| 1496 | 1454 |
| 1497# ZONE-DESCR Europe Vilnius Lithuania All points 1498 | |
| 1499# Luxembourg 1500# Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways; go with Shanks. 1501# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S | 1455# Luxembourg 1456# Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways; go with Shanks. 1457# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
| 1502Rule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 " DST" | 1458Rule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S |
| 1503Rule Lux 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - | 1459Rule Lux 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - |
| 1504Rule Lux 1917 only - Apr 28 23:00 1:00 " DST" | 1460Rule Lux 1917 only - Apr 28 23:00 1:00 S |
| 1505Rule Lux 1917 only - Sep 17 1:00 0 - | 1461Rule Lux 1917 only - Sep 17 1:00 0 - |
| 1506Rule Lux 1918 only - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 " DST" | 1462Rule Lux 1918 only - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 1507Rule Lux 1918 only - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 - | 1463Rule Lux 1918 only - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 - |
| 1508Rule Lux 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00 1:00 " DST" | 1464Rule Lux 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00 1:00 S |
| 1509Rule Lux 1919 only - Oct 5 3:00 0 - | 1465Rule Lux 1919 only - Oct 5 3:00 0 - |
| 1510Rule Lux 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 " DST" | 1466Rule Lux 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S |
| 1511Rule Lux 1920 only - Oct 24 2:00 0 - | 1467Rule Lux 1920 only - Oct 24 2:00 0 - |
| 1512Rule Lux 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00 1:00 " DST" | 1468Rule Lux 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00 1:00 S |
| 1513Rule Lux 1921 only - Oct 26 2:00 0 - | 1469Rule Lux 1921 only - Oct 26 2:00 0 - |
| 1514Rule Lux 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00 1:00 " DST" | 1470Rule Lux 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00 1:00 S |
| 1515Rule Lux 1922 only - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 - | 1471Rule Lux 1922 only - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 - |
| 1516Rule Lux 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00 1:00 " DST" | 1472Rule Lux 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00 1:00 S |
| 1517Rule Lux 1923 only - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 - | 1473Rule Lux 1923 only - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 - |
| 1518Rule Lux 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00 1:00 " DST" | 1474Rule Lux 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00 1:00 S |
| 1519Rule Lux 1924 1928 - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 - | 1475Rule Lux 1924 1928 - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 - |
| 1520Rule Lux 1925 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 " DST" 1521Rule Lux 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 " DST" 1522Rule Lux 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 " DST" 1523Rule Lux 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00 1:00 " DST" 1524Rule Lux 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 " DST" | 1476Rule Lux 1925 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S 1477Rule Lux 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 S 1478Rule Lux 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 S 1479Rule Lux 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00 1:00 S 1480Rule Lux 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 S |
| 1525# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1526Zone Europe/Luxembourg 0:24:36 - LMT 1904 Jun | 1481# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1482Zone Europe/Luxembourg 0:24:36 - LMT 1904 Jun |
| 1527 1:00 Lux MET%s 1918 Nov 25 1528 0:00 Lux WET%s 1929 Oct 6 2:00s 1529 0:00 Belgium WET%s 1940 May 14 3:00 1530 1:00 M-Eur WET%s 1944 Sep 18 3:00 1531 1:00 Belgium MET%s 1977 1532 1:00 EU MET%s | 1483 1:00 Lux CE%sT 1918 Nov 25 1484 0:00 Lux WE%sT 1929 Oct 6 2:00s 1485 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 14 3:00 1486 1:00 C-Eur WE%sT 1944 Sep 18 3:00 1487 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977 1488 1:00 EU CE%sT |
| 1533 | 1489 |
| 1534# ZONE-DESCR Europe Luxembourg Luxembourg All points 1535 | |
| 1536# Macedonia | 1490# Macedonia |
| 1537# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1918 Mar 18. | |
| 1538# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1539Zone Europe/Skopje 1:25:44 - LMT 1884 | 1491# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1492Zone Europe/Skopje 1:25:44 - LMT 1884 |
| 1540 1:00 - MET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 1541 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 May 8 2:00s 1542 1:00 1:00 "MET DST" 1945 Sep 16 2:00s 1543 1:00 - MET 1983 1544 1:00 EU MET%s | 1493 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 1494 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s 1495 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s 1496 1:00 - CET 1983 1497 1:00 EU CE%sT |
| 1545 | 1498 |
| 1546# ZONE-DESCR Europe Skopje Fmr_Yugoslav_Rep_Of_Macedonia All points 1547 | |
| 1548# Malta 1549# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S | 1499# Malta 1500# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
| 1550Rule Malta 1973 only - Mar 31 0:00s 1:00 " DST" | 1501Rule Malta 1973 only - Mar 31 0:00s 1:00 S |
| 1551Rule Malta 1973 only - Sep 29 0:00s 0 - | 1502Rule Malta 1973 only - Sep 29 0:00s 0 - |
| 1552Rule Malta 1974 only - Apr 21 0:00s 1:00 " DST" | 1503Rule Malta 1974 only - Apr 21 0:00s 1:00 S |
| 1553Rule Malta 1974 only - Sep 16 0:00s 0 - | 1504Rule Malta 1974 only - Sep 16 0:00s 0 - |
| 1554Rule Malta 1975 1979 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 " DST" | 1505Rule Malta 1975 1979 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S |
| 1555Rule Malta 1975 1980 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 - | 1506Rule Malta 1975 1980 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 - |
| 1556Rule Malta 1980 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 " DST" | 1507Rule Malta 1980 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S |
| 1557# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1558Zone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 2 # Valletta | 1508# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1509Zone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 2 # Valletta |
| 1559 1:00 Italy MET%s 1942 Nov 2 2:00s 1560 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 Apr 2 2:00s 1561 1:00 Italy MET%s 1973 Mar 31 1562 1:00 Malta MET%s 1981 1563 1:00 EU MET%s | 1510 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s 1511 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s 1512 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1973 Mar 31 1513 1:00 Malta CE%sT 1981 1514 1:00 EU CE%sT |
| 1564 | 1515 |
| 1565# ZONE-DESCR Europe Malta Malta All points 1566 | |
| 1567# Moldova | 1516# Moldova |
| 1568# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1919 Mar 18. | |
| 1569# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1570Zone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1924 May 2 1571 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 | 1517# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1518Zone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1924 May 2 1519 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 |
| 1572 3:00 Russia MS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1573 2:00 1:00 "EET DST" 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 1574 2:00 M-Eur EET%s 1575# This may change to `EU' soon. | 1520 3:00 Russia MOS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s # Moscow Time 1521 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 1522 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT |
| 1576 | 1523 |
| 1577# ZONE-DESCR Europe Chisinau Moldova All points 1578 | |
| 1579# Monaco 1580# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's more precise 0:09:21. 1581# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1582Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 1583 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time | 1524# Monaco 1525# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's more precise 0:09:21. 1526# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1527Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 1528 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time |
| 1584 0:00 France WET%s 1945 Sep 16 3:00 1585 1:00 France MET%s 1977 1586 1:00 EU MET%s | 1529 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 1530 1:00 France CE%sT 1977 1531 1:00 EU CE%sT |
| 1587 | 1532 |
| 1588# ZONE-DESCR Europe Monaco Monaco All points 1589 | |
| 1590# Netherlands 1591# Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940, 1592# but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time. 1593# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1594# Shanks gives 1916 May 1 0:00 and 1916 Oct 1 0:00; go with Whitman. | 1533# Netherlands 1534# Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940, 1535# but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time. 1536# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1537# Shanks gives 1916 May 1 0:00 and 1916 Oct 1 0:00; go with Whitman. |
| 1595Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 NST 1596Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 AMT | 1538Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time 1539Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time |
| 1597Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST 1598Rule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT 1599# Whitman gives 1918 Apr 14, 1918 Oct 31, and 1921 Sep 28; go with Shanks. 1600Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST 1601Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep Mon>=24 2:00s 0 AMT 1602Rule Neth 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 NST 1603# Whitman gives 1939 Oct 1; go with Shanks. | 1540Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST 1541Rule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT 1542# Whitman gives 1918 Apr 14, 1918 Oct 31, and 1921 Sep 28; go with Shanks. 1543Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST 1544Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep Mon>=24 2:00s 0 AMT 1545Rule Neth 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 NST 1546# Whitman gives 1939 Oct 1; go with Shanks. |
| 1604Rule Neth 1922 1939 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 AMT | 1547Rule Neth 1922 1936 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 AMT |
| 1605Rule Neth 1923 only - Jun 1 2:00s 1:00 NST 1606Rule Neth 1924 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 NST 1607# Whitman gives 1925 Apr 5; go with Shanks. 1608Rule Neth 1925 only - Jun 5 2:00s 1:00 NST 1609# For 1926 through 1930 Whitman gives Apr 15; go with Shanks. 1610Rule Neth 1926 1931 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST 1611Rule Neth 1932 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST 1612Rule Neth 1933 1936 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST 1613Rule Neth 1937 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST | 1548Rule Neth 1923 only - Jun 1 2:00s 1:00 NST 1549Rule Neth 1924 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 NST 1550# Whitman gives 1925 Apr 5; go with Shanks. 1551Rule Neth 1925 only - Jun 5 2:00s 1:00 NST 1552# For 1926 through 1930 Whitman gives Apr 15; go with Shanks. 1553Rule Neth 1926 1931 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST 1554Rule Neth 1932 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST 1555Rule Neth 1933 1936 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST 1556Rule Neth 1937 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST |
| 1557Rule Neth 1937 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S 1558Rule Neth 1937 1939 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 - |
|
| 1614# Whitman gives 1939 Apr 15 and 1940 Apr 19; go with Shanks. | 1559# Whitman gives 1939 Apr 15 and 1940 Apr 19; go with Shanks. |
| 1615Rule Neth 1938 1939 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST 1616Rule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 " DST" | 1560Rule Neth 1938 1939 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 S 1561Rule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 1617Rule Neth 1945 only - May 20 2:00s 0 - 1618# Before 1937, Shanks says just `0:20'; we use Whitman's more precise figure. 1619# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1620Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:28 - LMT 1892 May 1621 0:19:28 Neth %s 1937 Jul | 1562Rule Neth 1945 only - May 20 2:00s 0 - 1563# Before 1937, Shanks says just `0:20'; we use Whitman's more precise figure. 1564# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1565Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:28 - LMT 1892 May 1566 0:19:28 Neth %s 1937 Jul |
| 1622 0:20 Neth %s 1940 May 16 0:40 1623 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 Apr 2 2:00 1624 1:00 Neth MET%s 1977 1625 1:00 EU MET%s | 1567 0:20 Neth NE%sT 1940 May 16 0:40 1568 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 1569 1:00 Neth CE%sT 1977 1570 1:00 EU CE%sT |
| 1626 | 1571 |
| 1627# ZONE-DESCR Europe Amsterdam Netherlands All points 1628 | |
| 1629# Norway | 1572# Norway |
| 1573# Gregorian calendar adopted 1700-03-01. |
|
| 1630# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1631# Whitman gives 1916 May 21 - 1916 Oct 21; go with Shanks. | 1574# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1575# Whitman gives 1916 May 21 - 1916 Oct 21; go with Shanks. |
| 1632Rule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 " DST" | 1576Rule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 S |
| 1633Rule Norway 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 1634# Shanks omits the following transition; go with Whitman. | 1577Rule Norway 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 1578# Shanks omits the following transition; go with Whitman. |
| 1635Rule Norway 1935 only - Aug 11 0:00 1:00 " DST" | 1579Rule Norway 1935 only - Aug 11 0:00 1:00 S |
| 1636# Whitman says DST observed until 1942 Nov 1, then 1943 Mar 29 - Oct 4, 1637# 1944 Apr 3 - Oct 2, and 1945 Apr 1 - Oct 1; go with Shanks after 1940. | 1580# Whitman says DST observed until 1942 Nov 1, then 1943 Mar 29 - Oct 4, 1581# 1944 Apr 3 - Oct 2, and 1945 Apr 1 - Oct 1; go with Shanks after 1940. |
| 1638Rule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 " DST" | 1582Rule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 1639Rule Norway 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - | 1583Rule Norway 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - |
| 1640Rule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 " DST" | 1584Rule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 1641Rule Norway 1959 1965 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - | 1585Rule Norway 1959 1965 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - |
| 1642Rule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 " DST" | 1586Rule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 1643# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1644Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895 | 1587# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1588Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895 |
| 1645 1:00 Norway MET%s 1940 Aug 10 23:00 1646 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 Apr 2 2:00 1647 1:00 Norway MET%s 1980 1648 1:00 EU MET%s 1649# Svalbard is like Europe/Oslo. | 1589 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1940 Aug 10 23:00 1590 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 1591 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1980 1592 1:00 EU CE%sT |
| 1650# | 1593# |
| 1594# Svalbard 1595Link Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen 1596# 1597# Jan Mayen |
|
| 1651# From Whitman: 1652# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1653Zone Atlantic/Jan_Mayen -1:00 - EGT 1654 | 1598# From Whitman: 1599# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1600Zone Atlantic/Jan_Mayen -1:00 - EGT 1601 |
| 1655# ZONE-DESCR Europe Oslo Norway All points except: 1656# ZONE-DESCR Atlantic Jan_Mayen Norway Jan Mayen Island 1657 | |
| 1658# Poland | 1602# Poland |
| 1659# Austrian and German Poland switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar 1660# on 1582 Oct 15. Russian Poland switched on 1918 Jan 14. | |
| 1661# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1662Rule Poland 1918 1919 - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - | 1603# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1604Rule Poland 1918 1919 - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - |
| 1663Rule Poland 1919 only - Apr 15 2:00s 1:00 " DST" | 1605Rule Poland 1919 only - Apr 15 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 1664# Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks. 1665Rule Poland 1944 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 1666# For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks. | 1606# Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks. 1607Rule Poland 1944 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 1608# For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks. |
| 1667Rule Poland 1945 only - Apr 29 0:00 1:00 " DST" | 1609Rule Poland 1945 only - Apr 29 0:00 1:00 S |
| 1668Rule Poland 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - | 1610Rule Poland 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - |
| 1669Rule Poland 1946 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 " DST" | 1611Rule Poland 1946 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 S |
| 1670Rule Poland 1946 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 - | 1612Rule Poland 1946 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 - |
| 1671Rule Poland 1947 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 " DST" | 1613Rule Poland 1947 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 S |
| 1672Rule Poland 1947 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 - | 1614Rule Poland 1947 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 - |
| 1673Rule Poland 1948 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 " DST" | 1615Rule Poland 1948 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 S |
| 1674# Whitman also gives 1949 Apr 9 - 1949 Oct 1; go with Shanks. | 1616# Whitman also gives 1949 Apr 9 - 1949 Oct 1; go with Shanks. |
| 1675Rule Poland 1957 only - Jun 2 1:00s 1:00 " DST" | 1617Rule Poland 1957 only - Jun 2 1:00s 1:00 S |
| 1676Rule Poland 1957 1958 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - | 1618Rule Poland 1957 1958 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - |
| 1677Rule Poland 1958 only - Mar 30 1:00s 1:00 " DST" 1678Rule Poland 1959 only - May 31 1:00s 1:00 " DST" | 1619Rule Poland 1958 only - Mar 30 1:00s 1:00 S 1620Rule Poland 1959 only - May 31 1:00s 1:00 S |
| 1679Rule Poland 1959 1961 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00s 0 - | 1621Rule Poland 1959 1961 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00s 0 - |
| 1680Rule Poland 1960 only - Apr 3 1:00s 1:00 " DST" 1681Rule Poland 1961 1964 - May Sun>=25 1:00s 1:00 " DST" | 1622Rule Poland 1960 only - Apr 3 1:00s 1:00 S 1623Rule Poland 1961 1964 - May Sun>=25 1:00s 1:00 S |
| 1682Rule Poland 1962 1964 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 1683# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1684Zone Europe/Warsaw 1:24:00 - LMT 1880 | 1624Rule Poland 1962 1964 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 1625# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1626Zone Europe/Warsaw 1:24:00 - LMT 1880 |
| 1685 1:24 - WMT 1915 Aug 5 # Warsaw Mean Time 1686 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1918 Sep 16 3:00 1687 2:00 Poland EET%s 1922 Jun 1688 1:00 Poland MET%s 1940 Jun 23 2:00 1689 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1944 Oct 1690 1:00 Poland MET%s 1977 Apr 3 1:00 1691 1:00 W-Eur MET%s 1692# This may change to `EU' soon. | 1627 1:24:00 - WMT 1915 Aug 5 # Warsaw Mean Time 1628 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Sep 16 3:00 1629 2:00 Poland EE%sT 1922 Jun 1630 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1940 Jun 23 2:00 1631 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 1632 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1977 Apr 3 1:00 1633 1:00 W-Eur CE%sT |
| 1693 | 1634 |
| 1694# ZONE-DESCR Europe Warsaw Poland All points 1695 | |
| 1696# Portugal | 1635# Portugal |
| 1636# Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-10-15. |
|
| 1697# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S | 1637# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
| 1698Rule Port 1916 only - Jun 17 23:00 1:00 " DST" | 1638Rule Port 1916 only - Jun 17 23:00 1:00 S |
| 1699# Whitman gives 1916 Oct 31; go with Shanks. 1700Rule Port 1916 only - Nov 1 1:00 0 - | 1639# Whitman gives 1916 Oct 31; go with Shanks. 1640Rule Port 1916 only - Nov 1 1:00 0 - |
| 1701Rule Port 1917 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 " DST" | 1641Rule Port 1917 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S |
| 1702Rule Port 1917 1921 - Oct 14 23:00s 0 - | 1642Rule Port 1917 1921 - Oct 14 23:00s 0 - |
| 1703Rule Port 1918 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 1704Rule Port 1919 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 1705Rule Port 1920 only - Feb 29 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 1706Rule Port 1921 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 1707Rule Port 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 " DST" | 1643Rule Port 1918 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 1644Rule Port 1919 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S 1645Rule Port 1920 only - Feb 29 23:00s 1:00 S 1646Rule Port 1921 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S 1647Rule Port 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S |
| 1708Rule Port 1924 only - Oct 14 23:00s 0 - | 1648Rule Port 1924 only - Oct 14 23:00s 0 - |
| 1709Rule Port 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 " DST" | 1649Rule Port 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S |
| 1710Rule Port 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - | 1650Rule Port 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - |
| 1711Rule Port 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 1712Rule Port 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 1713Rule Port 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 1714Rule Port 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 " DST" | 1651Rule Port 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 1652Rule Port 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 1653Rule Port 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S 1654Rule Port 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S |
| 1715# Whitman gives 1931 Oct 8; go with Shanks. 1716Rule Port 1931 1932 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - | 1655# Whitman gives 1931 Oct 8; go with Shanks. 1656Rule Port 1931 1932 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - |
| 1717Rule Port 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 " DST" | 1657Rule Port 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S |
| 1718# Shanks gives 1934 Apr 4; go with Whitman. | 1658# Shanks gives 1934 Apr 4; go with Whitman. |
| 1719Rule Port 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 " DST" | 1659Rule Port 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S |
| 1720# Whitman gives 1934 Oct 5; go with Shanks. 1721Rule Port 1934 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 1722# Shanks gives 1935 Apr 30; go with Whitman. | 1660# Whitman gives 1934 Oct 5; go with Shanks. 1661Rule Port 1934 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 1662# Shanks gives 1935 Apr 30; go with Whitman. |
| 1723Rule Port 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 1724Rule Port 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 " DST" | 1663Rule Port 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S 1664Rule Port 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S |
| 1725# Whitman gives 1937 Apr 2; go with Shanks. | 1665# Whitman gives 1937 Apr 2; go with Shanks. |
| 1726Rule Port 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 1727Rule Port 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 1728Rule Port 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 " DST" | 1666Rule Port 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S 1667Rule Port 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S 1668Rule Port 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S |
| 1729# Whitman gives 1939 Oct 7; go with Shanks. 1730Rule Port 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - | 1669# Whitman gives 1939 Oct 7; go with Shanks. 1670Rule Port 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - |
| 1731Rule Port 1940 only - Feb 24 23:00s 1:00 " DST" | 1671Rule Port 1940 only - Feb 24 23:00s 1:00 S |
| 1732# Shanks gives 1940 Oct 7; go with Whitman. 1733Rule Port 1940 1941 - Oct 5 23:00s 0 - | 1672# Shanks gives 1940 Oct 7; go with Whitman. 1673Rule Port 1940 1941 - Oct 5 23:00s 0 - |
| 1734Rule Port 1941 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 1735Rule Port 1942 1945 - Mar Sat>=8 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 1736Rule Port 1942 only - Apr 25 22:00s 2:00 " DDST" 1737Rule Port 1942 only - Aug 15 22:00s 1:00 " DST" | 1674Rule Port 1941 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S 1675Rule Port 1942 1945 - Mar Sat>=8 23:00s 1:00 S 1676Rule Port 1942 only - Apr 25 22:00s 2:00 DS 1677Rule Port 1942 only - Aug 15 22:00s 1:00 S |
| 1738Rule Port 1942 1945 - Oct Sat>=24 23:00s 0 - | 1678Rule Port 1942 1945 - Oct Sat>=24 23:00s 0 - |
| 1739Rule Port 1943 only - Apr 17 22:00s 2:00 " DDST" 1740Rule Port 1943 1945 - Aug Sat>=25 22:00s 1:00 " DST" 1741Rule Port 1944 1945 - Apr Sat>=21 22:00s 2:00 " DDST" 1742Rule Port 1946 only - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 " DST" | 1679Rule Port 1943 only - Apr 17 22:00s 2:00 DS 1680Rule Port 1943 1945 - Aug Sat>=25 22:00s 1:00 S 1681Rule Port 1944 1945 - Apr Sat>=21 22:00s 2:00 DS 1682Rule Port 1946 only - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 S |
| 1743Rule Port 1946 only - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - | 1683Rule Port 1946 only - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - |
| 1744Rule Port 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 " DST" | 1684Rule Port 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 1745Rule Port 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 1746# Shanks says DST was observed in 1950; go with Whitman. 1747# Whitman gives Oct lastSun for 1952 on; go with Shanks. | 1685Rule Port 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 1686# Shanks says DST was observed in 1950; go with Whitman. 1687# Whitman gives Oct lastSun for 1952 on; go with Shanks. |
| 1748Rule Port 1951 1965 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 " DST" | 1688Rule Port 1951 1965 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 1749Rule Port 1951 1965 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - | 1689Rule Port 1951 1965 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - |
| 1750Rule Port 1977 only - Mar 27 0:00s 1:00 " DST" | 1690Rule Port 1977 only - Mar 27 0:00s 1:00 S |
| 1751Rule Port 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00s 0 - | 1691Rule Port 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00s 0 - |
| 1752Rule Port 1978 1979 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 " DST" | 1692Rule Port 1978 1979 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 S |
| 1753Rule Port 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1754Rule Port 1979 1982 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - | 1693Rule Port 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1694Rule Port 1979 1982 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - |
| 1755Rule Port 1980 only - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 " DST" 1756Rule Port 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 " DST" 1757Rule Port 1983 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 " DST" | 1695Rule Port 1980 only - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S 1696Rule Port 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 1697Rule Port 1983 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 1758# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1759Zone Europe/Lisbon -0:36:32 - LMT 1884 | 1698# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1699Zone Europe/Lisbon -0:36:32 - LMT 1884 |
| 1760 -0:37 - LMT 1911 May 24 # Lisbon Mean Time 1761 0:00 Port WET%s 1966 Apr 3 2:00 1762 1:00 - MET 1976 Sep 26 1:00 1763 0:00 Port WET%s 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 1764 0:00 EU WET%s 1992 Sep 27 1:00s 1765# From Rui Pedro Salgueiro <rps@inescca.inescc.pt> (November 12, 1992): | 1700 -0:36:32 - LMT 1911 May 24 # Lisbon Mean Time 1701 0:00 Port WE%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 1702 1:00 - CET 1976 Sep 26 1:00 1703 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 1704# From Rui Pedro Salgueiro <rps@inescca.inescc.pt> (1992-11-12): |
| 1766# Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone 1767# (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC. | 1705# Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone 1706# (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC. |
| 1768 1:00 EU MET%s 1996 Mar 31 1:00u | 1707 0:00 EU WE%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s |
| 1769# Martin Bruckmann <martin@ua.pt> (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve 1770# that Portugal is reverting to 0:00 by not moving its clocks this spring. 1771# The new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter. | 1708# Martin Bruckmann <martin@ua.pt> (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve 1709# that Portugal is reverting to 0:00 by not moving its clocks this spring. 1710# The new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter. |
| 1772 0:00 1:00 "WET DST" 1996 Oct 27 1:00u 1773 0:00 EU WET%s | 1711 1:00 EU CE%sT 1996 Mar 31 1:00u 1712 0:00 EU WE%sT |
| 1774# We don't know what happened to Madeira or the Azores, 1775# so we'll just use Shanks for now. 1776# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1777Zone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada 1778 -1:55 - HMT 1911 May 24 # Horta Mean Time | 1713# We don't know what happened to Madeira or the Azores, 1714# so we'll just use Shanks for now. 1715# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1716Zone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada 1717 -1:55 - HMT 1911 May 24 # Horta Mean Time |
| 1779 -2:00 Port ACT%s 1966 Apr 3 2:00 1780 -1:00 - ACT 1977 Mar 27 1781 -1:00 - ACT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 1782 -1:00 W-Eur ACT%s | 1718 -2:00 Port AZO%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Azores Time 1719 -1:00 Port AZO%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 1720 -1:00 W-Eur AZO%sT |
| 1783Zone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal 1784 -1:08 - FMT 1911 May 24 # Funchal Mean Time | 1721Zone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal 1722 -1:08 - FMT 1911 May 24 # Funchal Mean Time |
| 1785 -1:00 Port ACT%s 1966 Apr 3 2:00 1786 0:00 - WET 1977 Mar 27 1787 0:00 Port WET%s 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 1788 0:00 EU WET%s | 1723 -1:00 Port MAD%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Madeira Time 1724 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 1725 0:00 EU WE%sT |
| 1789 | 1726 |
| 1790# ZONE-DESCR Europe Lisbon Portugal All points except: 1791# ZONE-DESCR Atlantic Azores Portugal Azores 1792# ZONE-DESCR Atlantic Madeira Portugal Madeira 1793 | |
| 1794# Romania | 1727# Romania |
| 1795# Catholic Romania switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1796# on 1919 Mar 18. Greek Orthodox Romania switched on 1920 Mar 18. | |
| 1797# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S | 1728# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
| 1798Rule Romania 1932 only - May 21 0:00s 1:00 " DST" | 1729Rule Romania 1932 only - May 21 0:00s 1:00 S |
| 1799Rule Romania 1932 1939 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 - | 1730Rule Romania 1932 1939 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 - |
| 1800Rule Romania 1933 1939 - Apr Sun>=2 0:00s 1:00 " DST" 1801Rule Romania 1979 only - May 27 0:00 1:00 " DST" | 1731Rule Romania 1933 1939 - Apr Sun>=2 0:00s 1:00 S 1732Rule Romania 1979 only - May 27 0:00 1:00 S |
| 1802Rule Romania 1979 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - | 1733Rule Romania 1979 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - |
| 1803Rule Romania 1980 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 " DST" | 1734Rule Romania 1980 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S |
| 1804Rule Romania 1980 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - 1805# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1806Zone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct | 1735Rule Romania 1980 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - 1736# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1737Zone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct |
| 1807 1:44 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT 1808 2:00 Romania EET%s 1981 Mar 29 2:00s 1809 2:00 M-Eur EET%s 1810# This may change to `EU' soon. | 1738 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT 1739 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00s 1740 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT |
| 1811 | 1741 |
| 1812# ZONE-DESCR Europe Bucharest Romania All points 1813 | |
| 1814# Russia | 1742# Russia |
| 1815# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (May 28, 1994): 1816# Moscow and Novosibirsk time zone names, and Moscow rules after 1991, 1817# are from Andrew A. Chernov <ache@astral.msk.su>. 1818# I invented the other time zone names, and (unless otherwise specified) | 1743# From Shanks (1991): 1744# In 1929 the Soviet Union instituted a 5 day week; in 1932 it instituted 1745# a 6 day week; on 1940-06-27 it returned to the Gregorian week. 1746# 1747# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-09-03): 1748# Moscow rules after 1991 are from Andrew A. Chernov <ache@astral.msk.su>. 1749# I invented the time zone names, and (unless otherwise specified) |
| 1819# guessed what happened after 1991; the clocks were chaotic, and we know little. 1820# The rest is from Shanks. 1821# | 1750# guessed what happened after 1991; the clocks were chaotic, and we know little. 1751# The rest is from Shanks. 1752# |
| 1822# From Shanks (1991): 1823# Western Russia switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar 1824# on 1918 Jan 14. Eastern Russia switched on 1920 Mar 18. 1825# In 1929 the Soviet Union instituted a 5 day week; in 1932 it instituted 1826# a 6 day week; on 1940 Jun 27 it returned to the Gregorian week. | |
| 1827# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1828Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:20 - LMT 1880 | 1753# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1754Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:20 - LMT 1880 |
| 1829 2:31 Russia LST%s 1919 Jul 1 2:00 1830 3:00 Russia MS%s 1922 Oct | 1755 2:30:20 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 2:00 1756 3:00 Russia MOS%sT 1922 Oct # Moscow TIme |
| 1831 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 | 1757 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 |
| 1832 3:00 Russia MS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1833 2:00 1:00 "EET DST" 1991 Sep 29 2:00s | 1758 3:00 Russia MOS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1759 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s |
| 1834 2:00 - EET 1992 Jan 19 2:00s | 1760 2:00 - EET 1992 Jan 19 2:00s |
| 1835 3:00 Russia MS%s 1836# ZONE-DESCR Europe Moscow Russia Moscow zone | 1761 3:00 Russia MOS%sT |
| 1837Zone Europe/Kuybyshev 3:20:36 - LMT 1924 May 2 | 1762Zone Europe/Kuybyshev 3:20:36 - LMT 1924 May 2 |
| 1838 3:00 - KSK 1957 Mar 1839 4:00 Russia KS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1840 3:00 1:00 KSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 1841 3:00 - KSK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1842 4:00 Russia KS%s 1843# ZONE-DESCR Europe Kuybyshev Russia Kuybyshev zone | 1763 3:00 - KUYT 1957 Mar # Kuybyshev Time 1764 4:00 Russia KUY%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1765 3:00 1:00 KUYST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 1766 3:00 - KUYT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1767 4:00 Russia KUY%sT |
| 1844Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:34 - LMT 1924 May 2 | 1768Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:34 - LMT 1924 May 2 |
| 1845 4:00 - SSK 1957 Mar 1846 5:00 Russia SS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1847 4:00 1:00 SSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 1848 4:00 - SSK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1849 5:00 Russia ES%s # name change from Sverdlovsk 1850# ZONE-DESCR Asia Yekaterinburg Russia Yekaterinburg zone | 1769 4:00 - SVET 1957 Mar # Sverdlovsk Time 1770 5:00 Russia SVE%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1771 4:00 1:00 SVEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 1772 4:00 - SVET 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1773 5:00 Russia YEK%sT # Yekaterinburg Time |
| 1851Zone Asia/Omsk 4:53:36 - LMT 1924 May 2 | 1774Zone Asia/Omsk 4:53:36 - LMT 1924 May 2 |
| 1852 5:00 - OSK 1957 Mar 1853 6:00 Russia OS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1854 5:00 1:00 OSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 1855 5:00 - OSK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1856 6:00 Russia OS%s 1857# ZONE-DESCR Asia Omsk Russia Omsk zone 1858# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski <S.A.Kuz@iae.nsk.su> (June 29, 1994): | 1775 5:00 - OMST 1957 Mar # Omsk Time 1776 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1777 5:00 1:00 OMSST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 1778 5:00 - OMST 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1779 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 1780# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski <S.A.Kuz@iae.nsk.su> (1994-06-29): |
| 1859# But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow! 1860# I do not know why they have decided to make this change; 1861# as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching 1862# so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch. 1863Zone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1924 May 2 | 1781# But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow! 1782# I do not know why they have decided to make this change; 1783# as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching 1784# so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch. 1785Zone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1924 May 2 |
| 1864 6:00 - NSK 1957 Mar 1865 7:00 Russia NS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1866 6:00 1:00 NSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 1867 6:00 - NSK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1868 7:00 Russia NS%s 1994 Mar 27 2:00s 1869 6:00 1:00 NSD 1994 Sep 25 2:00s 1870 6:00 Russia NS%s 1871# ZONE-DESCR Asia Novosibirsk Russia Novosibirsk zone | 1786 6:00 - NOVT 1957 Mar # Novosibirsk TIme 1787 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1788 6:00 1:00 NOVST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 1789 6:00 - NOVT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1790 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1994 Mar 27 2:00s 1791 6:00 1:00 NOVST 1994 Sep 25 2:00s 1792 6:00 Russia NOV%sT |
| 1872Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk 6:11:20 - LMT 1924 May 2 | 1793Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk 6:11:20 - LMT 1924 May 2 |
| 1873 6:00 - KRSK 1957 Mar 1874 7:00 Russia KRS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1875 6:00 1:00 KRSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 1876 6:00 - KRSK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1877 7:00 Russia KRS%s 1878# ZONE-DESCR Asia Krasnoyarsk Russia Krasnoyarsk zone | 1794 6:00 - KRAT 1957 Mar # Krasnoyarsk Time 1795 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1796 6:00 1:00 KRAST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 1797 6:00 - KRAT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1798 7:00 Russia KRA%sT |
| 1879Zone Asia/Irkutsk 6:57:20 - LMT 1880 | 1799Zone Asia/Irkutsk 6:57:20 - LMT 1880 |
| 1880 6:57 - LST 1924 May 2 1881 7:00 - ISK 1957 Mar 1882 8:00 Russia IS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1883 7:00 1:00 ISD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 1884 7:00 - ISK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1885 8:00 Russia IS%s 1886# ZONE-DESCR Asia Irkutsk Russia Irkutsk zone | 1800 6:57:20 - IMT 1924 May 2 # Irkutsk Mean Time 1801 7:00 - IRKT 1957 Mar # Irkutsk Time 1802 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1803 7:00 1:00 IRKST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 1804 7:00 - IRKT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1805 8:00 Russia IRK%sT |
| 1887Zone Asia/Yakutsk 8:38:40 - LMT 1924 May 2 | 1806Zone Asia/Yakutsk 8:38:40 - LMT 1924 May 2 |
| 1888 8:00 - YSK 1957 Mar 1889 9:00 Russia YS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1890 8:00 1:00 YSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 1891 8:00 - YSK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1892 9:00 Russia YS%s 1893# ZONE-DESCR Asia Yakutsk Russia Yakutsk zone | 1807 8:00 - YAKT 1957 Mar # Yakutsk Time 1808 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1809 8:00 1:00 YAKST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 1810 8:00 - YAKT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1811 9:00 Russia YAK%sT |
| 1894Zone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:44 - LMT 1880 | 1812Zone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:44 - LMT 1880 |
| 1895 8:48 - LST 1924 May 2 1896 9:00 - VSK 1957 Mar 1897 10:00 Russia VS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1898 9:00 1:00 VSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 1899 9:00 - VSK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1900 10:00 Russia VS%s 1901# ZONE-DESCR Asia Vladivostok Russia Vladivostok zone | 1813 8:47:44 - VMT 1924 May 2 # Vladivostok MT 1814 9:00 - VLAT 1957 Mar # Vladivostok Time 1815 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1816 9:00 1:00 VLAST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 1817 9:00 - VLAT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1818 10:00 Russia VLA%sT |
| 1902Zone Asia/Magadan 10:03:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 | 1819Zone Asia/Magadan 10:03:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 |
| 1903 10:00 - MSK 1957 Mar 1904 11:00 Russia MS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1905 10:00 1:00 MSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 1906 10:00 - MSK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1907 11:00 Russia MS%s 1908# ZONE-DESCR Asia Magadan Russia Magadan zone 1909 | 1820 10:00 - MAGT 1957 Mar # Magadan Time 1821 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1822 10:00 1:00 MAGST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 1823 10:00 - MAGT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1824 11:00 Russia MAG%sT |
| 1910# This name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski, but that's too long. 1911Zone Asia/Kamchatka 10:34:36 - LMT 1924 May 2 | 1825# This name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski, but that's too long. 1826Zone Asia/Kamchatka 10:34:36 - LMT 1924 May 2 |
| 1912 11:00 - PSK 1957 Mar 1913 12:00 Russia PS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1914 11:00 1:00 PSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 1915 11:00 - PSK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1916 12:00 Russia PS%s 1917# ZONE-DESCR Asia Kamchatka Russia Kamchatka zone | 1827 11:00 - PETT 1957 Mar # P-K Time 1828 12:00 Russia PET%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1829 11:00 1:00 PETST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 1830 11:00 - PETT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1831 12:00 Russia PET%sT |
| 1918Zone Asia/Anadyr 11:49:56 - LMT 1924 May 2 | 1832Zone Asia/Anadyr 11:49:56 - LMT 1924 May 2 |
| 1919 12:00 - ASK 1957 Mar 1920 13:00 Russia AS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1921 12:00 1:00 ASD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 1922 12:00 - ASK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1923 13:00 Russia AS%s | 1833 12:00 - ANAT 1957 Mar # Anadyr Time 1834 13:00 Russia ANA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1835 12:00 1:00 ANAST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 1836 12:00 - ANAT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1837 13:00 Russia ANA%sT |
| 1924 1925# Slovakia 1926Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava 1927 | 1838 1839# Slovakia 1840Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava 1841 |
| 1928# ZONE-DESCR Europe Bratislava Slovakia All points 1929 | |
| 1930# Slovenia | 1842# Slovenia |
| 1931# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1918 Mar 18. | |
| 1932# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1933Zone Europe/Ljubljana 0:58:04 - LMT 1884 | 1843# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1844Zone Europe/Ljubljana 0:58:04 - LMT 1884 |
| 1934 1:00 - MET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 1935 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 May 8 2:00s 1936 1:00 1:00 "MET DST" 1945 Sep 16 2:00s 1937 1:00 - MET 1983 1938 1:00 EU MET%s | 1845 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 1846 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s 1847 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s 1848 1:00 - CET 1983 1849 1:00 EU CE%sT |
| 1939 | 1850 |
| 1940# ZONE-DESCR Europe Ljubljana Slovenia All points 1941 | |
| 1942# Spain | 1851# Spain |
| 1852# Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-10-15. |
|
| 1943# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1944# For 1917-1919 Whitman gives Apr Sat>=1 - Oct Sat>=1; go with Shanks. | 1853# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1854# For 1917-1919 Whitman gives Apr Sat>=1 - Oct Sat>=1; go with Shanks. |
| 1945Rule Spain 1917 only - May 5 23:00s 1:00 " DST" | 1855Rule Spain 1917 only - May 5 23:00s 1:00 S |
| 1946Rule Spain 1917 1919 - Oct 6 23:00s 0 - | 1856Rule Spain 1917 1919 - Oct 6 23:00s 0 - |
| 1947Rule Spain 1918 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 1948Rule Spain 1919 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 " DST" | 1857Rule Spain 1918 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 1858Rule Spain 1919 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S |
| 1949# Whitman gives 1921 Feb 28 - Oct 14; go with Shanks. | 1859# Whitman gives 1921 Feb 28 - Oct 14; go with Shanks. |
| 1950Rule Spain 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 " DST" | 1860Rule Spain 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S |
| 1951# Whitman gives 1924 Oct 14; go with Shanks. 1952Rule Spain 1924 only - Oct 4 23:00s 0 - | 1861# Whitman gives 1924 Oct 14; go with Shanks. 1862Rule Spain 1924 only - Oct 4 23:00s 0 - |
| 1953Rule Spain 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 " DST" | 1863Rule Spain 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S |
| 1954# Whitman says no DST in 1929; go with Shanks. 1955Rule Spain 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - | 1864# Whitman says no DST in 1929; go with Shanks. 1865Rule Spain 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - |
| 1956Rule Spain 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 1957Rule Spain 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 1958Rule Spain 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 " DST" | 1866Rule Spain 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 1867Rule Spain 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 1868Rule Spain 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S |
| 1959# Whitman gives 1937 Jun 16, 1938 Apr 16, 1940 Apr 13; go with Shanks. | 1869# Whitman gives 1937 Jun 16, 1938 Apr 16, 1940 Apr 13; go with Shanks. |
| 1960Rule Spain 1937 only - May 22 23:00s 1:00 " DST" | 1870Rule Spain 1937 only - May 22 23:00s 1:00 S |
| 1961Rule Spain 1937 1939 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - | 1871Rule Spain 1937 1939 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - |
| 1962Rule Spain 1938 only - Mar 22 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 1963Rule Spain 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 " DST" 1964Rule Spain 1940 only - Mar 16 23:00s 1:00 " DST" | 1872Rule Spain 1938 only - Mar 22 23:00s 1:00 S 1873Rule Spain 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 1874Rule Spain 1940 only - Mar 16 23:00s 1:00 S |
| 1965# Whitman says no DST 1942-1945; go with Shanks. | 1875# Whitman says no DST 1942-1945; go with Shanks. |
| 1966Rule Spain 1942 only - May 2 22:00s 2:00 " DDST" 1967Rule Spain 1942 only - Sep 1 22:00s 1:00 " DST" 1968Rule Spain 1943 1946 - Apr Sat>=13 22:00s 2:00 " DDST" 1969Rule Spain 1943 only - Oct 3 22:00s 1:00 " DST" 1970Rule Spain 1944 only - Oct 10 22:00s 1:00 " DST" 1971Rule Spain 1945 only - Sep 30 1:00 1:00 " DST" | 1876Rule Spain 1942 only - May 2 22:00s 2:00 DS 1877Rule Spain 1942 only - Sep 1 22:00s 1:00 S 1878Rule Spain 1943 1946 - Apr Sat>=13 22:00s 2:00 DS 1879Rule Spain 1943 only - Oct 3 22:00s 1:00 S 1880Rule Spain 1944 only - Oct 10 22:00s 1:00 S 1881Rule Spain 1945 only - Sep 30 1:00 1:00 S |
| 1972Rule Spain 1946 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - | 1882Rule Spain 1946 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - |
| 1973Rule Spain 1949 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 " DST" | 1883Rule Spain 1949 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S |
| 1974Rule Spain 1949 only - Sep 30 1:00 0 - | 1884Rule Spain 1949 only - Sep 30 1:00 0 - |
| 1975Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Apr Sat>=13 23:00 1:00 " DST" | 1885Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Apr Sat>=13 23:00 1:00 S |
| 1976Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 - | 1886Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 - |
| 1977Rule Spain 1976 only - Mar 27 23:00 1:00 " DST" | 1887Rule Spain 1976 only - Mar 27 23:00 1:00 S |
| 1978Rule Spain 1976 1977 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - | 1888Rule Spain 1976 1977 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - |
| 1979Rule Spain 1977 1978 - Apr 2 23:00 1:00 " DST" | 1889Rule Spain 1977 1978 - Apr 2 23:00 1:00 S |
| 1980Rule Spain 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - | 1890Rule Spain 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - |
| 1891# The following rules are copied from Morocco from 1967 through 1978. 1892Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S 1893Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1894Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S 1895Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 1896Rule SpainAfrica 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1897Rule SpainAfrica 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 1898Rule SpainAfrica 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 1899Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 1900Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - |
|
| 1981# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1982Zone Europe/Madrid -0:14:44 - LMT 1901 | 1901# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1902Zone Europe/Madrid -0:14:44 - LMT 1901 |
| 1983 0:00 Spain WET%s 1946 Sep 30 1984 1:00 Spain MET%s 1979 1985 1:00 EU MET%s | 1903 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1946 Sep 30 1904 1:00 Spain CE%sT 1979 1905 1:00 EU CE%sT 1906Zone Africa/Ceuta -0:21:16 - LMT 1901 1907 0:00 - WET 1918 May 6 23:00 1908 0:00 1:00 WEST 1918 Oct 7 23:00 1909 0:00 - WET 1924 1910 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1929 1911 0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT 1984 Mar 16 1912 1:00 - CET 1986 1913 1:00 EU CE%sT |
| 1986Zone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C. | 1914Zone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C. |
| 1987 -1:00 - ACT 1946 Sep 30 1:00 | 1915 -1:00 - CANT 1946 Sep 30 1:00 # Canaries Time |
| 1988 0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s | 1916 0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s |
| 1989 0:00 1:00 "WET DST" 1980 Sep 28 0:00s 1990 0:00 EU WET%s | 1917 0:00 1:00 WEST 1980 Sep 28 0:00s 1918 0:00 EU WE%sT |
| 1991 | 1919 |
| 1992# ZONE-DESCR Europe Madrid Spain All points except: 1993# ZONE-DESCR Atlantic Canary Spain Canary Islands 1994 | |
| 1995# Sweden | 1920# Sweden |
| 1921 1922# From: msb@sq.com (Mark Brader) <URL:news:1996Jul6.012937.29190@sq.com>: 1923# 1924# In 1700, Denmark made the transition from Julian to Gregorian. Sweden 1925# decided to *start* a transition in 1700 as well, but rather than have one of 1926# those unsightly calendar gaps :-), they simply decreed that the next leap 1927# year after 1696 would be in 1744 -- putting the whole country on a calendar 1928# different from both Julian and Gregorian for a period of 40 years. 1929# 1930# However, in 1704 something went wrong and the plan was not carried through; 1931# they did, after all, have a leap year that year. And one in 1708. In 1712 1932# they gave it up and went back to Julian, putting 30 days in February that 1933# year!... 1934# 1935# Then in 1753, Sweden made the transition to Gregorian in the usual manner, 1936# getting there only 13 years behind the original schedule. 1937# 1938# (A previous posting of this story was challenged, and Swedish readers 1939# produced the following references to support it: "Tiderakning och historia" 1940# by Natanael Beckman (1924) and "Tid, en bok om tiderakning och 1941# kalendervasen" by Lars-Olof Lode'n (no date was given).) 1942 |
|
| 1996# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1997Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1878 May 31 | 1943# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1944Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1878 May 31 |
| 1998 1:12 - SMT 1900 Jan 1 1:00 # Stockholm MT 1999 1:00 - MET 1916 Apr 14 23:00s 2000 1:00 1:00 "MET DST" 1916 Sep 30 23:00s 2001 1:00 - MET 1980 2002 1:00 EU MET%s | 1945 1:12:12 - SMT 1900 Jan 1 1:00 # Stockholm MT 1946 1:00 - CET 1916 Apr 14 23:00s 1947 1:00 1:00 CEST 1916 Sep 30 23:00s 1948 1:00 - CET 1980 1949 1:00 EU CE%sT |
| 2003 | 1950 |
| 2004# ZONE-DESCR Europe Stockholm Sweden All points 2005 | |
| 2006# Switzerland 2007# From Howse (1988), p 82: 2008# By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace 2009# and their performance improved enormously. Communities began to keep 2010# mean time in preference to apparent time -- Geneva from 1780 .... 2011# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2012# From Whitman (who writes ``Midnight?''): | 1951# Switzerland 1952# From Howse (1988), p 82: 1953# By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace 1954# and their performance improved enormously. Communities began to keep 1955# mean time in preference to apparent time -- Geneva from 1780 .... 1956# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1957# From Whitman (who writes ``Midnight?''): |
| 2013Rule Swiss 1940 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 " DST" | 1958Rule Swiss 1940 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S |
| 2014Rule Swiss 1940 only - Dec 31 0:00 0 - 2015# From Shanks (1991): | 1959Rule Swiss 1940 only - Dec 31 0:00 0 - 1960# From Shanks (1991): |
| 2016Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 " DST" | 1961Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S |
| 2017Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 2018# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2019Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1848 Sep 12 | 1962Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 1963# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1964Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1848 Sep 12 |
| 2020 0:30 - SST 1894 Jun # Swiss Standard Time 2021 1:00 Swiss MET%s 1981 2022 1:00 EU MET%s | 1965 0:29:44 - BMT 1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time 1966 1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981 1967 1:00 EU CE%sT |
| 2023 | 1968 |
| 2024# ZONE-DESCR Europe Zurich Switzerland All points 2025 | |
| 2026# Turkey | 1969# Turkey |
| 2027# European Turkey switched to the Gregorian calendar in 1908. 2028# Asian Turkey switched in 1914. | |
| 2029# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S | 1970# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
| 2030Rule Turkey 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 " DST" | 1971Rule Turkey 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S |
| 2031Rule Turkey 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - | 1972Rule Turkey 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - |
| 2032Rule Turkey 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 " DST" | 1973Rule Turkey 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S |
| 2033Rule Turkey 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 - | 1974Rule Turkey 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 - |
| 2034Rule Turkey 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 " DST" | 1975Rule Turkey 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S |
| 2035Rule Turkey 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - | 1976Rule Turkey 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - |
| 2036Rule Turkey 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 " DST" | 1977Rule Turkey 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S |
| 2037Rule Turkey 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 2038# Whitman gives 1923 Apr 28 - Sep 16 and no DST in 1924-1925; go with Shanks. | 1978Rule Turkey 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 1979# Whitman gives 1923 Apr 28 - Sep 16 and no DST in 1924-1925; go with Shanks. |
| 2039Rule Turkey 1924 only - May 13 0:00 1:00 " DST" | 1980Rule Turkey 1924 only - May 13 0:00 1:00 S |
| 2040Rule Turkey 1924 1925 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - | 1981Rule Turkey 1924 1925 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - |
| 2041Rule Turkey 1925 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 " DST" | 1982Rule Turkey 1925 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S |
| 2042# Shanks omits the first two transitions in 1940; go with Whitman. | 1983# Shanks omits the first two transitions in 1940; go with Whitman. |
| 2043Rule Turkey 1940 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 " DST" | 1984Rule Turkey 1940 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 S |
| 2044Rule Turkey 1940 only - Oct 5 0:00 0 - | 1985Rule Turkey 1940 only - Oct 5 0:00 0 - |
| 2045Rule Turkey 1940 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 " DST" | 1986Rule Turkey 1940 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S |
| 2046Rule Turkey 1941 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - | 1987Rule Turkey 1941 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - |
| 2047Rule Turkey 1942 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 " DST" | 1988Rule Turkey 1942 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S |
| 2048# Whitman omits the next two transition and gives 1945 Oct 1; go with Shanks. 2049Rule Turkey 1942 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - | 1989# Whitman omits the next two transition and gives 1945 Oct 1; go with Shanks. 1990Rule Turkey 1942 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - |
| 2050Rule Turkey 1945 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 " DST" | 1991Rule Turkey 1945 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 S |
| 2051Rule Turkey 1945 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - | 1992Rule Turkey 1945 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - |
| 2052Rule Turkey 1946 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 " DST" | 1993Rule Turkey 1946 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S |
| 2053Rule Turkey 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - | 1994Rule Turkey 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - |
| 2054Rule Turkey 1947 1948 - Apr Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 " DST" | 1995Rule Turkey 1947 1948 - Apr Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S |
| 2055Rule Turkey 1947 1950 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 - | 1996Rule Turkey 1947 1950 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 - |
| 2056Rule Turkey 1949 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 " DST" 2057Rule Turkey 1950 only - Apr 19 0:00 1:00 " DST" 2058Rule Turkey 1951 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 " DST" | 1997Rule Turkey 1949 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S 1998Rule Turkey 1950 only - Apr 19 0:00 1:00 S 1999Rule Turkey 1951 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S |
| 2059Rule Turkey 1951 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - | 2000Rule Turkey 1951 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - |
| 2060Rule Turkey 1962 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 " DST" | 2001Rule Turkey 1962 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S |
| 2061Rule Turkey 1962 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - | 2002Rule Turkey 1962 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - |
| 2062Rule Turkey 1964 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 " DST" | 2003Rule Turkey 1964 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S |
| 2063Rule Turkey 1964 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - | 2004Rule Turkey 1964 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - |
| 2064Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - May Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 " DST" | 2005Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - May Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 S |
| 2065Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 - | 2006Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 - |
| 2066Rule Turkey 1973 only - Jun 3 1:00 1:00 " DST" | 2007Rule Turkey 1973 only - Jun 3 1:00 1:00 S |
| 2067Rule Turkey 1973 only - Nov 4 3:00 0 - | 2008Rule Turkey 1973 only - Nov 4 3:00 0 - |
| 2068Rule Turkey 1974 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 " DST" | 2009Rule Turkey 1974 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S |
| 2069Rule Turkey 1974 only - Nov 3 5:00 0 - | 2010Rule Turkey 1974 only - Nov 3 5:00 0 - |
| 2070Rule Turkey 1975 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 " DST" | 2011Rule Turkey 1975 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S |
| 2071Rule Turkey 1975 1976 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - | 2012Rule Turkey 1975 1976 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - |
| 2072Rule Turkey 1976 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 " DST" 2073Rule Turkey 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 " DST" | 2013Rule Turkey 1976 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 2014Rule Turkey 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S |
| 2074Rule Turkey 1977 only - Oct 16 0:00 0 - | 2015Rule Turkey 1977 only - Oct 16 0:00 0 - |
| 2075Rule Turkey 1979 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 3:00 1:00 " DST" | 2016Rule Turkey 1979 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 3:00 1:00 S |
| 2076Rule Turkey 1979 1982 - Oct Mon>=11 0:00 0 - | 2017Rule Turkey 1979 1982 - Oct Mon>=11 0:00 0 - |
| 2077Rule Turkey 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 3:00 1:00 " DST" 2078Rule Turkey 1983 only - Jul 31 0:00 1:00 " DST" | 2018Rule Turkey 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 3:00 1:00 S 2019Rule Turkey 1983 only - Jul 31 0:00 1:00 S |
| 2079Rule Turkey 1983 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - | 2020Rule Turkey 1983 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - |
| 2080Rule Turkey 1985 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 " DST" | 2021Rule Turkey 1985 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 S |
| 2081Rule Turkey 1985 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 2082# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2083Zone Europe/Istanbul 1:55:52 - LMT 1880 | 2022Rule Turkey 1985 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 2023# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2024Zone Europe/Istanbul 1:55:52 - LMT 1880 |
| 2084 1:57 - OMT 1910 Oct # Ottoman Mean Time 2085 2:00 Turkey EET%s 1978 Oct 15 2086 3:00 Turkey TUR%s 1985 Apr 20 2087 2:00 Turkey EET%s 1986 2088 2:00 M-Eur EET%s 2089# This may change to `EU' soon. | 2025 1:56:56 - IMT 1910 Oct # Istanbul Mean Time? 2026 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1978 Oct 15 2027 3:00 Turkey TR%sT 1985 Apr 20 # Turkey Time 2028 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1986 2029 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT |
| 2090Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents. 2091 | 2030Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents. 2031 |
| 2092# ZONE-DESCR Europe Istanbul Turkey All points 2093 | |
| 2094# Ukraine 2095# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S | 2032# Ukraine 2033# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
| 2096Rule Ukraine 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 " DST" 2097Rule Ukraine 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 - 2098Rule Ukraine 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 " DST" 2099Rule Ukraine 1921 only - Mar 21 23:00 2:00 " DDST" 2100Rule Ukraine 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 " DST" 2101Rule Ukraine 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - | 2034Rule Ukraine 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 UST # Ukrainian Summer Time 2035Rule Ukraine 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 KMT # Kiev Mean TIme 2036Rule Ukraine 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 UDST # Ukrainian Double Summer Time 2037Rule Ukraine 1918 only - Sep 17 0:00 1:00 UST 2038Rule Ukraine 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 UDST 2039Rule Ukraine 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 UST 2040Rule Ukraine 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 KMT 2041Rule Ukraine 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 UST 2042Rule Ukraine 1921 only - Mar 21 23:00 2:00 UDST 2043Rule Ukraine 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 UST 2044Rule Ukraine 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 KMT 2045Rule Crimea 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 CST # Crimean Summer Time 2046Rule Crimea 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 NMT # Nikolayev Mean Time 2047Rule Crimea 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 CDST # Crimean Double Summer Time 2048Rule Crimea 1918 only - Sep 17 0:00 1:00 CST 2049Rule Crimea 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 CDST 2050Rule Crimea 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 CST 2051Rule Crimea 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 NMT 2052Rule Crimea 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 CST 2053Rule Crimea 1921 only - Mar 21 23:00 2:00 CDST 2054Rule Crimea 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 CST 2055Rule Crimea 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 NMT |
| 2102# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2103Zone Europe/Kiev 2:02:04 - LMT 1880 | 2056# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2057Zone Europe/Kiev 2:02:04 - LMT 1880 |
| 2104 2:02 Russia LST%s 1919 Jul 1 2:00 2105 2:02 Ukraine LST%s 1924 May 2 | 2058 2:02:04 Ukraine %s 1924 May 2 |
| 2106 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 | 2059 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 |
| 2107 3:00 Russia MS%s 1990 Jul 17 2108 2:00 M-Eur EET%s 2109# This may change to `EU' soon. | 2060 3:00 Russia MOS%sT 1990 Jul 17 # Moscow Time 2061 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT |
| 2110Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880 | 2062Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880 |
| 2111 2:08 Russia LST%s 1919 Jul 1 2:00 2112 2:08 Ukraine LST%s 1924 May 2 | 2063 2:08:00 Crimea %s 1924 May 2 |
| 2113 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 | 2064 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 |
| 2114 3:00 Russia MS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2115 2:00 1:00 "EET DST" 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 2116# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (May 28, 1994): | 2065 3:00 Russia MOS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2066 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 2067# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1994-05-28): |
| 2117# Today's _Economist_ (p 45) reports that Crimea switched 2118# from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January elections. 2119# For now, we'll guess that there was a 2-hour leap forward on March 27. | 2068# Today's _Economist_ (p 45) reports that Crimea switched 2069# from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January elections. 2070# For now, we'll guess that there was a 2-hour leap forward on March 27. |
| 2120 2:00 M-Eur EET%s 1994 Mar 27 2:00s 2121 3:00 Russia MS%s | 2071 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1994 Mar 27 2:00s 2072 3:00 Russia MOS%sT |
| 2122 | 2073 |
| 2123# ZONE-DESCR Europe Kiev Ukraine All points except: 2124# ZONE-DESCR Europe Simferopol Ukraine Crimea 2125 | |
| 2126# Yugoslavia | 2074# Yugoslavia |
| 2127# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1918 Mar 18. | |
| 2128# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2129Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884 | 2075# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2076Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884 |
| 2130 1:00 - MET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 2131 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 May 8 2:00s 2132 1:00 1:00 "MET DST" 1945 Sep 16 2:00s 2133 1:00 - MET 1983 2134 1:00 EU MET%s | 2077 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 2078 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s 2079 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s 2080 1:00 - CET 1983 2081 1:00 EU CE%sT |
| 2135 | 2082 |
| 2136# ZONE-DESCR Europe Belgrade Serbia All points 2137 | |
| 2138############################################################################### 2139 2140# One source shows that Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, and Greece observe DST from 2141# the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in September in 1986. 2142# The source shows Romania changing a day later than everybody else. 2143# 2144# According to Bernard Sieloff's source, Poland is in the MET time zone but 2145# uses the WE DST rules. The Western USSR uses EET+1 and ME DST rules. --- 52 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 2198# case; at least in the Netherlands there have been times when DST was 2 hours 2199# in advance of normal time. 2200# 2201# ... 2202# dik t. winter, cwi, amsterdam, nederland 2203# INTERNET : dik@cwi.nl 2204# BITNET/EARN: dik@mcvax 2205 | 2083############################################################################### 2084 2085# One source shows that Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, and Greece observe DST from 2086# the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in September in 1986. 2087# The source shows Romania changing a day later than everybody else. 2088# 2089# According to Bernard Sieloff's source, Poland is in the MET time zone but 2090# uses the WE DST rules. The Western USSR uses EET+1 and ME DST rules. --- 52 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 2143# case; at least in the Netherlands there have been times when DST was 2 hours 2144# in advance of normal time. 2145# 2146# ... 2147# dik t. winter, cwi, amsterdam, nederland 2148# INTERNET : dik@cwi.nl 2149# BITNET/EARN: dik@mcvax 2150 |
| 2206# From Bob Devine (January 28, 1988): | 2151# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28): |
| 2207# ... 2208# Greece: Last Sunday in April to last Sunday in September (iffy on dates). 2209# Since 1978. Change at midnight. 2210# ... 2211# Monaco: has same DST as France. 2212# ... 2213 2214# ... --- 16 unchanged lines hidden --- | 2152# ... 2153# Greece: Last Sunday in April to last Sunday in September (iffy on dates). 2154# Since 1978. Change at midnight. 2155# ... 2156# Monaco: has same DST as France. 2157# ... 2158 2159# ... --- 16 unchanged lines hidden --- |