1# @(#)europe 7.82
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1# @(#)europe 7.83 |
2 3# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 4# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 5# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). 6 7# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-10-29): 8# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 9# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition), 10# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999). 11# 12# Gwillim Law writes that a good source 13# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 14# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 15# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 16# of the IATA's data after 1990. 17# 18# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1991, 19# and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 20# 21# Other sources occasionally used include: 22# 23# Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 24# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), 25# which I found in the UCLA library. 26# 27# Brazil's Departamento Servico da Hora (DSH), 28# <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HISTHV.htm"> 29# History of Summer Time 30# </a> (1998-09-21, in Portuguese) 31 32# 33# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; 34# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 35# Corrections are welcome!
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36# std dst
37# LMT Local Mean Time
38# -4:00 AST Atlantic
39# -3:00 WGT WGST Western Greenland*
40# -1:00 EGT EGST Eastern Greenland*
41# 0:00 GMT BST Greenwich, British Summer
42# 0:00 GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer
43# 0:00 WET WEST Western Europe
44# 0:19:32 AMT NST Amsterdam, Netherlands Summer (1835-1937)*
45# 0:20 NET NEST Netherlands (1937-1940)*
46# 1:00 CET CEST Central Europe
47# 1:00:14 SET Swedish (1879-1899)*
48# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe
49# 3:00 MSK MSD Moscow
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36# std dst 2dst 37# LMT Local Mean Time 38# -4:00 AST ADT Atlantic 39# -3:00 WGT WGST Western Greenland* 40# -1:00 EGT EGST Eastern Greenland* 41# 0:00 GMT BST BDST Greenwich, British Summer 42# 0:00 GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer 43# 0:00 WET WEST WEMT Western Europe 44# 0:19:32.13 AMT NST Amsterdam, Netherlands Summer (1835-1937)* 45# 0:20 NET NEST Netherlands (1937-1940)* 46# 1:00 CET CEST CEMT Central Europe 47# 1:00:14 SET Swedish (1879-1899)* 48# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe 49# 3:00 MSK MSD Moscow |
50# 51# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones, especially in Britain, 52# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 53 54# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-12-04), 55# The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy, 56# Luxembourg, the Netherlands. 57# Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom. 58# Plus, from 1 Jan 81: Greece. 59# Plus, from 1 Jan 86: Spain, Portugal. 60# Plus, from 1 Jan 95: Austria, Finland, Sweden. (Norway negotiated terms for 61# entry but in a referendum on 28 Nov 94 the people voted No by 52.2% to 47.8% 62# on a turnout of 88.6%. This was almost the same result as Norway's previous 63# referendum in 1972, they are the only country to have said No twice. 64# Referendums in the other three countries voted Yes.) 65# ... 66# Estonia ... uses EU dates but not at 01:00 GMT, they use midnight GMT. 67# I don't think they know yet what they will do from 1996 onwards. 68# ... 69# There shouldn't be any [current members who are not using EU rules]. 70# A Directive has the force of law, member states are obliged to enact 71# national law to implement it. The only contentious issue was the 72# different end date for the UK and Ireland, and this was always allowed 73# in the Directive. 74 75 76############################################################################### 77 78# Britain (United Kingdom) and Ireland (Eire) 79 80# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-07-06): 81# 82# On 17 Jan 1994 the Independent, a UK quality newspaper, had a piece about 83# historical vistas along the Thames in west London. There was a photo 84# and a sketch map showing some of the sightlines involved. One paragraph 85# of the text said: 86# 87# `An old stone obelisk marking a forgotten terrestrial meridian stands 88# beside the river at Kew. In the 18th century, before time and longitude 89# was standardised by the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, scholars observed 90# this stone and the movement of stars from Kew Observatory nearby. They 91# made their calculations and set the time for the Horse Guards and Parliament, 92# but now the stone is obscured by scrubwood and can only be seen by walking 93# along the towpath within a few yards of it.' 94# 95# I have a one inch to one mile map of London and my estimate of the stone's 96# position is 51 deg. 28' 30" N, 0 deg. 18' 45" W. The longitude should 97# be within about +-2". The Ordnance Survey grid reference is TQ172761. 98# 99# [This yields GMTOFF = -0:01:15 for London LMT in the 18th century.] 100 101# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1993-11-18): 102# 103# Howse writes that Britain was the first country to use standard time. 104# The railways cared most about the inconsistencies of local mean time, 105# and it was they who forced a uniform time on the country. 106# The original idea was credited to Dr. William Hyde Wollaston (1766-1828) 107# and was popularized by Abraham Follett Osler (1808-1903). 108# The first railway to adopt London time was the Great Western Railway 109# in November 1840; other railways followed suit, and by 1847 most 110# (though not all) railways used London time. On 1847-09-22 the 111# Railway Clearing House, an industry standards body, recommended that GMT be 112# adopted at all stations as soon as the General Post Office permitted it. 113# The transition occurred on 12-01 for the L&NW, the Caledonian, 114# and presumably other railways; the January 1848 Bradshaw's lists many 115# railways as using GMT. By 1855 the vast majority of public 116# clocks in Britain were set to GMT (though some, like the great clock 117# on Tom Tower at Christ Church, Oxford, were fitted with two minute hands, 118# one for local time and one for GMT). The last major holdout was the legal 119# system, which stubbornly stuck to local time for many years, leading 120# to oddities like polls opening at 08:13 and closing at 16:13. 121# The legal system finally switched to GMT when the Statutes (Definition 122# of Time) Act took effect; it received the Royal Assent on 1880-08-02. 123# 124# In the tables below, we condense this complicated story into a single 125# transition date for London, namely 1847-12-01. We don't know as much 126# about Dublin, so we use 1880-08-02, the legal transition time. 127 128# From Paul Eggert (1999-01-30): 129# Summer Time was first seriously proposed by William Willett (1857-1915), 130# a London builder and member of the Royal Astronomical Society 131# who circulated a pamphlet ``The Waste of Daylight'' (1907) 132# that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April, 133# and retarding them by the same amount on four Sundays in September. 134# A bill was drafted in 1909 and introduced in Parliament several times, 135# but it met with ridicule and opposition, especially from farming interests. 136# One-hour Summer Time was eventually adopted as a wartime measure in 1916. 137# See: 138# <a href="http://www.the-times.co.uk/news/pages/tim/2000/05/18/x-timcrtcrt01011.html"> 139# Summer Time Arrives Early, The Times (2000-05-18) 140# </a> 141# A monument was erected in 1927 to Willett, in an open space in a 45-acre wood 142# near Chiselhurst, Kent that was purchased by popular subscription and open 143# to the public. 144 145# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): 146# The OED Supplement says that the English originally said ``Daylight Saving'' 147# when they were debating the adoption of DST in 1908; but by 1916 this 148# term appears only in quotes taken from DST's opponents, whereas the 149# proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using ``Summer''. 150 151# From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-19): 152# 153# A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's 154# known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom. 155 156# Date: 4 Jan 89 08:57:25 GMT (Wed) 157# From: Jonathan Leffler <nih-csl!uunet!mcvax!sphinx.co.uk!john> 158# [British Summer Time] is fixed annually by Act of Parliament. 159# If you can predict what Parliament will do, you should be in 160# politics making a fortune, not computing. 161 162# From Chris Carrier <72157.3334@CompuServe.COM> (1996-06-14): 163# I remember reading in various wartime issues of the London Times the 164# acronym BDST for British Double Summer Time. Look for the published 165# time of sunrise and sunset in The Times, when BDST was in effect, and 166# if you find a zone reference it will say, "All times B.D.S.T." 167 168# From Joseph S. Myers (1999-09-02): 169# ... some military cables (WO 219/4100 - this is a copy from the 170# main SHAEF archives held in the US National Archives, SHAEF/5252/8/516) 171# agree that the usage is BDST (this appears in a message dated 17 Feb 1945). 172 173# From Joseph S. Myers (2000-10-03): 174# On 18th April 1941, Sir Stephen Tallents of the BBC wrote to Sir 175# Alexander Maxwell of the Home Office asking whether there was any 176# official designation; the reply of the 21st was that there wasn't 177# but he couldn't think of anything better than the "Double British 178# Summer Time" that the BBC had been using informally. 179# http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/bbc-19410418.png 180# http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/ho-19410421.png 181 182# From Sir Alexander Maxwell in the above-mentioned letter (1941-04-21): 183# [N]o official designation has as far as I know been adopted for the time 184# which is to be introduced in May.... 185# I cannot think of anything better than "Double British Summer Time" 186# which could not be said to run counter to any official description. 187 188# From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02): 189# Howse writes (p 157) `DBST' too, but `BDST' seems to have been common 190# and follows the more usual convention of putting the location name first, 191# so we use `BDST'. 192 193# Peter Ilieve <peter@aldie.co.uk> (1998-04-19) described at length 194# the history of summer time legislation in the United Kingdom. 195# Since 1998 Joseph S. Myers <jsm28@cam.ac.uk> has been updating 196# and extending this list, which can be found in 197# <a href="http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/"> 198# History of legal time in Britain 199# </a> 200 201# From Joseph S. Myers <jsm28@cam.ac.uk> (1998-01-06): 202# 203# The legal time in the UK outside of summer time is definitely GMT, not UTC; 204# see Lord Tanlaw's speech 205# <a href="http://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/ld199697/ldhansrd/pdvn/lds97/text/70611-20.htm#70611-20_head0"> 206# (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976) 207# </a>. 208 209# From Paul Eggert (2001-07-18): 210# 211# For lack of other data, we'll follow Shanks for Eire in 1940-1948. 212# 213# Given Ilieve and Myers's data, the following claims by Shanks are incorrect: 214# * Wales did not switch from GMT to daylight saving time until 215# 1921 Apr 3, when they began to conform with the rest of Great Britain. 216# Actually, Wales was identical after 1880. 217# * Eire had two transitions on 1916 Oct 1. 218# It actually just had one transition. 219# * Northern Ireland used single daylight saving time throughout WW II. 220# Actually, it conformed to Britain. 221# * GB-Eire changed standard time to 1 hour ahead of GMT on 1968-02-18. 222# Actually, that date saw the usual switch to summer time. 223# Standard time was not changed until 1968-10-27 (the clocks didn't change). 224# 225# Here is another incorrect claim by Shanks: 226# * Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man did not switch from GMT 227# to daylight saving time until 1921 Apr 3, when they began to 228# conform with Great Britain. 229# S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382 and HO 45/10811/312364 (quoted above) say otherwise. 230# 231# The following claim by Shanks is possible though doubtful; 232# we'll ignore it for now. 233# * Dublin's 1971-10-31 switch was at 02:00, even though London's was 03:00. 234# 235# 236# Whitman says Dublin Mean Time was -0:25:21, which is more precise than Shanks. 237# Perhaps this was Dunsink Observatory Time, as Dunsink Observatory 238# (8 km NW of Dublin's center) seemingly was to Dublin as Greenwich was 239# to London. For example: 240# 241# "Timeball on the ballast office is down. Dunsink time." 242# -- James Joyce, Ulysses 243 244# From Paul Eggert (1999-03-28): 245# Clive Feather (<news:859845706.26043.0@office.demon.net>, 1997-03-31) 246# reports that Folkestone (Cheriton) Shuttle Terminal uses Concession Time 247# (CT), equivalent to French civil time. 248# Julian Hill (<news:36118128.5A14@virgin.net>, 1998-09-30) reports that 249# trains between Dollands Moor (the freight facility next door) 250# and Frethun run in CT. 251# My admittedly uninformed guess is that the terminal has two authorities, 252# the French concession operators and the British civil authorities, 253# and that the time depends on who you're talking to. 254# If, say, the British police were called to the station for some reason, 255# I would expect the official police report to use GMT/BST and not CET/CEST. 256# This is a borderline case, but for now let's stick to GMT/BST. 257 258# From an anonymous contributor (1996-06-02): 259# The law governing time in Ireland is under Statutory Instrument SI 395/94, 260# which gives force to European Union 7th Council Directive # 94/21/EC. 261# Under this directive, the Minister for Justice in Ireland makes appropriate 262# regulations. I spoke this morning with the Secretary of the Department of 263# Justice (tel +353 1 678 9711) who confirmed to me that the correct name is 264# "Irish Summer Time", abbreviated to "IST". 265 266# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 267# Summer Time Act, 1916 268Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - May 21 2:00s 1:00 BST 269Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 GMT 270# S.R.&O. 1917, No. 358 271Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 BST 272Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 GMT 273# S.R.&O. 1918, No. 274 274Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Mar 24 2:00s 1:00 BST 275Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Sep 30 2:00s 0 GMT 276# S.R.&O. 1919, No. 297 277Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 BST 278Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Sep 29 2:00s 0 GMT 279# S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458 280Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Mar 28 2:00s 1:00 BST 281# S.R.&O. 1920, No. 1844 282Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Oct 25 2:00s 0 GMT 283# S.R.&O. 1921, No. 363 284Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST 285Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 GMT 286# S.R.&O. 1922, No. 264 287Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 BST 288Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Oct 8 2:00s 0 GMT 289# The Summer Time Act, 1922 290Rule GB-Eire 1923 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 291Rule GB-Eire 1923 1924 - Sep Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT 292Rule GB-Eire 1924 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 293Rule GB-Eire 1925 1926 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 294# The Summer Time Act, 1925 295Rule GB-Eire 1925 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT 296Rule GB-Eire 1927 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 297Rule GB-Eire 1928 1929 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 298Rule GB-Eire 1930 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 299Rule GB-Eire 1931 1932 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 300Rule GB-Eire 1933 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 301Rule GB-Eire 1934 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 302Rule GB-Eire 1935 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 303Rule GB-Eire 1936 1937 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 304Rule GB-Eire 1938 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 305Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 306# S.R.&O. 1939, No. 1379 307Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Nov Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT 308# S.R.&O. 1940, No. 172 and No. 1883 309Rule GB-Eire 1940 only - Feb Sun>=23 2:00s 1:00 BST 310# S.R.&O. 1941, No. 476 311Rule GB-Eire 1941 only - May Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST 312Rule GB-Eire 1941 1943 - Aug Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST 313# S.R.&O. 1942, No. 506 314Rule GB-Eire 1942 1944 - Apr Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST 315# S.R.&O. 1944, No. 932 316Rule GB-Eire 1944 only - Sep Sun>=16 1:00s 1:00 BST 317# S.R.&O. 1945, No. 312 318Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Apr Mon>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST 319Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Jul Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST 320# S.R.&O. 1945, No. 1208 321Rule GB-Eire 1945 1946 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT 322Rule GB-Eire 1946 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 323# The Summer Time Act, 1947 324Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Mar 16 2:00s 1:00 BST 325Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Apr 13 1:00s 2:00 BDST 326Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Aug 10 1:00s 1:00 BST 327Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 GMT 328# Summer Time Order, 1948 (S.I. 1948/495) 329Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Mar 14 2:00s 1:00 BST 330Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Oct 31 2:00s 0 GMT 331# Summer Time Order, 1949 (S.I. 1949/373) 332Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST 333Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Oct 30 2:00s 0 GMT 334# Summer Time Order, 1950 (S.I. 1950/518) 335# Summer Time Order, 1951 (S.I. 1951/430) 336# Summer Time Order, 1952 (S.I. 1952/451) 337Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Apr Sun>=14 2:00s 1:00 BST 338Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00s 0 GMT 339# revert to the rules of the Summer Time Act, 1925 340Rule GB-Eire 1953 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 341Rule GB-Eire 1953 1960 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT 342Rule GB-Eire 1954 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 343Rule GB-Eire 1955 1956 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 344Rule GB-Eire 1957 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 345Rule GB-Eire 1958 1959 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 346Rule GB-Eire 1960 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 347# Summer Time Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/71) 348# Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/2465) 349# Summer Time Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/81) 350Rule GB-Eire 1961 1963 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 BST 351Rule GB-Eire 1961 1968 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT 352# Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/2101) 353# Summer Time Order, 1964 (S.I. 1964/1201) 354# Summer Time Order, 1967 (S.I. 1967/1148) 355Rule GB-Eire 1964 1967 - Mar Sun>=19 2:00s 1:00 BST 356# Summer Time Order, 1968 (S.I. 1968/117) 357Rule GB-Eire 1968 only - Feb 18 2:00s 1:00 BST 358# The British Standard Time Act, 1968 359# (no summer time) 360# The Summer Time Act, 1972 361Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 362Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT 363# Summer Time Order, 1980 (S.I. 1980/1089) 364# Summer Time Order, 1982 (S.I. 1982/1673) 365# Summer Time Order, 1986 (S.I. 1986/223) 366# Summer Time Order, 1988 (S.I. 1988/931) 367Rule GB-Eire 1981 1995 - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 BST 368Rule GB-Eire 1981 1989 - Oct Sun>=23 1:00u 0 GMT 369# Summer Time Order, 1989 (S.I. 1989/985) 370# Summer Time Order, 1992 (S.I. 1992/1729) 371# Summer Time Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2798) 372Rule GB-Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u 0 GMT 373# Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982) 374# See EU for rules starting in 1996. 375 376# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 377Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Dec 1 378 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27 379 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 380 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996 381 0:00 EU GMT/BST 382Zone Europe/Belfast -0:23:40 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 383 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 # Dublin/Dunsink MT 384 -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s # Irish Summer Time 385 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27 386 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 387 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996 388 0:00 EU GMT/BST 389Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:00 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 390 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 391 -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s 392 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1921 Dec 6 # independence 393 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1940 Feb 25 2:00 394 0:00 1:00 IST 1946 Oct 6 2:00 395 0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00 396 0:00 1:00 IST 1947 Nov 2 2:00 397 0:00 - GMT 1948 Apr 18 2:00 398 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1968 Oct 27 399 1:00 - IST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 400 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1996 401 0:00 EU GMT/IST 402 403############################################################################### 404 405# Continental Europe 406 407# EU rules are for the European Union, previously known as the EC, EEC, 408# Common Market, etc. 409 410# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 411Rule EU 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00u 1:00 S 412Rule EU 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - 413Rule EU 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00u 0 - 414Rule EU 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - 415Rule EU 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S 416Rule EU 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 - 417# The most recent directive covers the years starting in 2002. See: 418# <a href="http://europa.eu.int/eur-lex/en/lif/dat/2000/en_300L0084.html" 419# Directive 2000/84/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council 420# of 19 January 2001 on summer-time arrangements. 421# </a> 422 423# W-Eur differs from EU only in that W-Eur uses standard time. 424Rule W-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S 425Rule W-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 426Rule W-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00s 0 - 427Rule W-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 428Rule W-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 429Rule W-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 - 430 431# Older C-Eur rules are for convenience in the tables. 432# From 1977 on, C-Eur differs from EU only in that C-Eur uses standard time. 433Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S 434Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 435Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S 436Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 - 437Rule C-Eur 1940 only - Apr 1 2:00s 1:00 S 438Rule C-Eur 1942 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 - 439Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00s 1:00 S 440Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00s 0 - 441Rule C-Eur 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S 442# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 7; go with Shanks. 443Rule C-Eur 1944 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 - 444Rule C-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 445Rule C-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 446Rule C-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - 447Rule C-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 448Rule C-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 449Rule C-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 450 451# E-Eur differs from EU only in that E-Eur switches at midnight local time. 452Rule E-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 453Rule E-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 454Rule E-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 455Rule E-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 456Rule E-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 457Rule E-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 458 459# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 460Rule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 MST # Moscow Summer Time 461Rule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 MMT # Moscow Mean Time 462Rule Russia 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 MDST # Moscow Double Summer Time 463Rule Russia 1918 only - Sep 16 1:00 1:00 MST 464Rule Russia 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 MDST 465Rule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 S 466Rule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 - 467Rule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S 468Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 M # Midsummer 469Rule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 S 470Rule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 471# Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1980-10-24): 472Rule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 473Rule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 474# Act No.967 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1984-09-13), repeated in 475# Act No.227 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1989-03-14): 476Rule Russia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 477Rule Russia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 478# 479Rule Russia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S 480Rule Russia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 - 481Rule Russia 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 482Rule Russia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 483Rule Russia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 484 485# These are for backward compatibility with older versions. 486 487# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 488Zone WET 0:00 EU WE%sT 489Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 490Zone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT 491Zone EET 2:00 EU EE%sT 492 493# Previous editions of this database used abbreviations like MET DST 494# for Central European Summer Time, but this didn't agree with common usage. 495 496# From Markus Kuhn <mskuhn@unrza3.dialin.rrze.uni-erlangen.de> (1996-07-12): 497# The official German names ... are 498# 499# Mitteleuropaeische Zeit (MEZ) = UTC+01:00 500# Mitteleuropaeische Sommerzeit (MESZ) = UTC+02:00 501# 502# as defined in the German Time Act (Gesetz ueber die Zeitbestimmung (ZeitG), 503# 1978-07-25, Bundesgesetzblatt, Jahrgang 1978, Teil I, S. 1110-1111).... 504# I wrote ... to the German Federal Physical-Technical Institution 505# 506# Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) 507# Laboratorium 4.41 "Zeiteinheit" 508# Postfach 3345 509# D-38023 Braunschweig 510# phone: +49 531 592-0 511# 512# ... I received today an answer letter from Dr. Peter Hetzel, head of the PTB 513# department for time and frequency transmission. He explained that the 514# PTB translates MEZ and MESZ into English as 515# 516# Central European Time (CET) = UTC+01:00 517# Central European Summer Time (CEST) = UTC+02:00 518 519 520# Albania 521# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 522Rule Albania 1940 only - Jun 16 0:00 1:00 S 523Rule Albania 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 524Rule Albania 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S 525Rule Albania 1943 only - Apr 10 3:00 0 - 526Rule Albania 1974 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 S 527Rule Albania 1974 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 528Rule Albania 1975 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 529Rule Albania 1975 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 530Rule Albania 1976 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S 531Rule Albania 1976 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 532Rule Albania 1977 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S 533Rule Albania 1977 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 534Rule Albania 1978 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S 535Rule Albania 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 536Rule Albania 1979 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 S 537Rule Albania 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 538Rule Albania 1980 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 S 539Rule Albania 1980 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 540Rule Albania 1981 only - Apr 26 0:00 1:00 S 541Rule Albania 1981 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 - 542Rule Albania 1982 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S 543Rule Albania 1982 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 544Rule Albania 1983 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 S 545Rule Albania 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 546Rule Albania 1984 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 547# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 548Zone Europe/Tirane 1:19:20 - LMT 1914 549 1:00 - CET 1940 Jun 16 550 1:00 Albania CE%sT 1984 Jul 551 1:00 EU CE%sT 552 553# Andorra 554# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 555Zone Europe/Andorra 0:06:04 - LMT 1901 556 0:00 - WET 1946 Sep 30 557 1:00 - CET 1985 Mar 31 2:00 558 1:00 EU CE%sT 559 560# Austria
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561 562# From Paul Eggert (2003-02-28): Shanks gives 1918-06-16 and 563# 1945-11-18, but the Austrian Federal Office of Metrology and 564# Surveying (BEV) gives 1918-09-16 and for Vienna gives the "alleged" 565# date of 1945-04-12 with no time. For the 1980-04-06 transition 566# Shanks gives 02:00, the BEV 00:00. Go with the BEV, and guess 02:00 567# for 1945-04-12. 568 |
569# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 570Rule Austria 1920 only - Apr 5 2:00s 1:00 S 571Rule Austria 1920 only - Sep 13 2:00s 0 -
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564Rule Austria 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
565Rule Austria 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 -
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572Rule Austria 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S 573Rule Austria 1946 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 574Rule Austria 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S 575Rule Austria 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
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576Rule Austria 1980 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S 577Rule Austria 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - |
578# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 579Zone Europe/Vienna 1:05:20 - LMT 1893 Apr
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572 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Jun 16 3:00
573 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1940 Apr 1 2:00
574 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
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580 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1920 581 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1940 Apr 1 2:00s 582 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s 583 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Apr 12 2:00s 584 1:00 - CET 1946 |
585 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1981 586 1:00 EU CE%sT 587 588# Belarus 589# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 590Zone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880 591 1:50 - MMT 1924 May 2 # Minsk Mean Time 592 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 593 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 28 594 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul 3 595 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 596 3:00 - MSK 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 597 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 598 2:00 - EET 1992 Mar 29 0:00s 599 2:00 1:00 EEST 1992 Sep 27 0:00s 600 2:00 Russia EE%sT 601 602# Belgium 603# 604# From Paul Eggert (1997-07-02): 605# Entries from 1918 through 1991 are taken from: 606# Annuaire de L'Observatoire Royal de Belgique, 607# Avenue Circulaire, 3, B-1180 BRUXELLES, CLVIIe annee, 1991 608# (Imprimerie HAYEZ, s.p.r.l., Rue Fin, 4, 1080 BRUXELLES, MCMXC), 609# pp 8-9. 610# LMT before 1892 was 0:17:30, according to the official journal of Belgium: 611# Moniteur Belge, Samedi 30 Avril 1892, N.121. 612# Thanks to Pascal Delmoitie <pascal@belnet.be> for these references. 613# The 1918 rules are listed for completeness; they apply to unoccupied Belgium. 614# Assume Brussels switched to WET in 1918 when the armistice took effect. 615# 616# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 617Rule Belgium 1918 only - Mar 9 0:00s 1:00 S 618Rule Belgium 1918 1919 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 619Rule Belgium 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 620Rule Belgium 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 621Rule Belgium 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 622Rule Belgium 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 623Rule Belgium 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 - 624Rule Belgium 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S 625Rule Belgium 1922 1927 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 626Rule Belgium 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00s 1:00 S 627Rule Belgium 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S 628Rule Belgium 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S 629# DSH writes that a royal decree of 1926-02-22 specified the Sun following 3rd 630# Sat in Apr (except if it's Easter, in which case it's one Sunday earlier), 631# to Sun following 1st Sat in Oct, and that a royal decree of 1928-09-15 632# changed the transition times to 02:00 GMT. 633Rule Belgium 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 634Rule Belgium 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 635Rule Belgium 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 636Rule Belgium 1928 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 - 637Rule Belgium 1929 only - Apr 21 2:00s 1:00 S 638Rule Belgium 1930 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 S 639Rule Belgium 1931 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S 640Rule Belgium 1932 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S 641Rule Belgium 1933 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 S 642Rule Belgium 1934 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S 643Rule Belgium 1935 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S 644Rule Belgium 1936 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S 645Rule Belgium 1937 only - Apr 4 2:00s 1:00 S 646Rule Belgium 1938 only - Mar 27 2:00s 1:00 S 647Rule Belgium 1939 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 S 648Rule Belgium 1939 only - Nov 19 2:00s 0 - 649Rule Belgium 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00s 1:00 S 650Rule Belgium 1944 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 - 651Rule Belgium 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 652Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 653Rule Belgium 1946 only - May 19 2:00s 1:00 S 654Rule Belgium 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - 655# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 656Zone Europe/Brussels 0:17:30 - LMT 1880 657 0:17:30 - BMT 1892 May 1 12:00 # Brussels MT 658 0:00 - WET 1914 Nov 8 659 1:00 - CET 1916 May 1 0:00 660 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Nov 11 11:00u 661 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 20 2:00s 662 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 3 663 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977 664 1:00 EU CE%sT 665 666# Bosnia and Herzegovina
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657# see Yugoslavia
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667# see Serbia and Montenegro |
668 669# Bulgaria 670# 671# From Plamen Simenov <P.Simeonov@cnsys.bg> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 672# A document of Government of Bulgaria (No.94/1997) says: 673# EET --> EETDST is in 03:00 Local time in last Sunday of March ... 674# EETDST --> EET is in 04:00 Local time in last Sunday of October 675# 676# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 677Rule Bulg 1979 only - Mar 31 23:00 1:00 S 678Rule Bulg 1979 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 679Rule Bulg 1980 1982 - Apr Sat<=7 23:00 1:00 S 680Rule Bulg 1980 only - Sep 29 1:00 0 - 681Rule Bulg 1981 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 - 682# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 683Zone Europe/Sofia 1:33:16 - LMT 1880 684 1:56:56 - IMT 1894 Nov 30 # Istanbul MT? 685 2:00 - EET 1942 Nov 2 3:00 686 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 3:00 687 2:00 - EET 1979 Mar 31 23:00 688 2:00 Bulg EE%sT 1982 Sep 26 2:00 689 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 690 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 691 2:00 EU EE%sT 692 693# Croatia
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684# see Yugosloavia
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694# see Serbia and Montenegro |
695 696# Czech Republic 697# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 698Rule Czech 1945 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S 699Rule Czech 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - 700Rule Czech 1946 only - May 6 2:00s 1:00 S 701Rule Czech 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 702Rule Czech 1947 only - Apr 20 2:00s 1:00 S 703Rule Czech 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 704Rule Czech 1949 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 S 705# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 706Zone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850 707 0:57:44 - PMT 1891 Oct # Prague Mean Time 708 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 17 2:00s 709 1:00 Czech CE%sT 1979 710 1:00 EU CE%sT 711 712# Denmark, Faeroe Islands, and Greenland 713# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 714Rule Denmark 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S 715Rule Denmark 1916 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 - 716Rule Denmark 1940 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 717Rule Denmark 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 718Rule Denmark 1945 only - Aug 15 2:00s 0 - 719Rule Denmark 1946 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 S 720Rule Denmark 1946 only - Sep 1 2:00s 0 - 721Rule Denmark 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S 722Rule Denmark 1947 only - Aug 10 2:00s 0 - 723Rule Denmark 1948 only - May 9 2:00s 1:00 S 724Rule Denmark 1948 only - Aug 8 2:00s 0 - 725# Whitman also gives 1949 Apr 9 to 1949 Oct 1, and disagrees in minor ways 726# about many of the above dates; go with Shanks. 727# 728# For 1894, Shanks says Jan, Whitman Apr; go with Whitman. 729# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 730Zone Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890 731 0:50:20 - CMT 1894 Apr # Copenhagen Mean Time 732 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s 733 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 734 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1980 735 1:00 EU CE%sT 736Zone Atlantic/Faeroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # Torshavn 737 0:00 - WET 1981 738 0:00 EU WE%sT 739# 740# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 741# Greenland joined the EU as part of Denmark, obtained home rule on 1979-05-01, 742# and left the EU on 1985-02-01. It therefore should have been using EU 743# rules at least through 1984. Shanks says Scoresbysund and Godthab 744# used C-Eur rules after 1980, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says they use EU 745# rules since at least 1991. Assume EU rules since 1980. 746 747# From Gwillin Law (2001-06-06), citing 748# <http://www.statkart.no/efs/efshefter/2001/efs5-2001.pdf> (2001-03-15), 749# and with translations corrected by Steffen Thorsen: 750# 751# Greenland has four local times, and the relation to UTC 752# is according to the following time line: 753# 754# The military zone near Thule UTC-4 755# Standard Greenland time UTC-3 756# Scoresbysund UTC-1 757# Danmarkshavn UTC 758# 759# In the military area near Thule and in Danmarkshavn DST will not be 760# introduced. 761 762# From Rives McDow (2001-11-01):
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753#
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763# |
764# I correspond regularly with the Dansk Polarcenter, and wrote them at 765# the time to clarify the situation in Thule. Unfortunately, I have 766# not heard back from them regarding my recent letter. [But I have 767# info from earlier correspondence.] 768# 769# According to the center, a very small local time zone around Thule 770# Air Base keeps the time according to UTC-4, implementing daylight 771# savings using North America rules, changing the time at 02:00 local time.... 772# 773# The east coast of Greenland north of the community of Scoresbysund 774# uses UTC in the same way as in Iceland, year round, with no dst. 775# There are just a few stations on this coast, including the 776# Danmarkshavn ICAO weather station mentioned in your September 29th 777# email. The other stations are two sledge patrol stations in 778# Mestersvig and Daneborg, the air force base at Station Nord, and the 779# DPC research station at Zackenberg. 780# 781# Scoresbysund and two small villages nearby keep time UTC-1 and use 782# the same daylight savings time period as in West Greenland (Godthab). 783# 784# The rest of Greenland, including Godthab (this area, although it 785# includes central Greenland, is known as west Greenland), keeps time 786# UTC-3, with daylight savings methods according to European rules. 787# 788# It is common procedure to use UTC 0 in the wilderness of East and 789# North Greenland, because it is mainly Icelandic aircraft operators 790# maintaining traffic in these areas. However, the official status of 791# this area is that it sticks with Godthab time. This area might be 792# considered a dual time zone in some respects because of this. 793 794# From Rives McDow (2001-11-19): 795# I heard back from someone stationed at Thule; the time change took place 796# there at 2:00 AM. 797 798# From Paul Eggert (2001-11-19): 799# The 1997 CIA map shows Danmarkshavn on GMT; the 1995 map as like Godthab. 800# For lack of better info, assume they were like Godthab before 1996. 801# startkart.no says Thule does not observe DST, but this is clearly an error, 802# so go with Shanks for all Thule transitions. 803# 804# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 805Rule Thule 1991 1992 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 806Rule Thule 1991 1992 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S 807Rule Thule 1993 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 808Rule Thule 1993 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S 809# 810# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 811Zone America/Danmarkshavn -1:14:40 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 812 -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 813 -3:00 EU WG%sT 1996 814 0:00 - GMT 815Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:29:00 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormiit 816 -2:00 - CGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 817 -2:00 C-Eur CG%sT 1981 Mar 29 818 -1:00 EU EG%sT 819Zone America/Godthab -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Nuuk 820 -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 821 -3:00 EU WG%sT 822Zone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik air base 823 -4:00 Thule A%sT 824 825# Estonia 826# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-10-15): 827# A relative in Tallinn confirms the accuracy of the data for 1989 onwards 828# [through 1994] and gives the legal authority for it, 829# a regulation of the Government of Estonia, No. 111 of 1989.... 830# 831# From Peter Ilieve <peter@aldie.co.uk> (1996-10-28): 832# [IATA SSIM (1992/1996) claims that the Baltic republics switch at 01:00s, 833# but a relative confirms that Estonia still switches at 02:00s, writing:] 834# ``I do not [know] exactly but there are some little different 835# (confusing) rules for International Air and Railway Transport Schedules 836# conversion in Sunday connected with end of summer time in Estonia.... 837# A discussion is running about the summer time efficiency and effect on 838# human physiology. It seems that Estonia maybe will not change to 839# summer time next spring.'' 840 841# From Peter Ilieve <peter@aldie.co.uk> (1998-11-04), heavily edited: 842# <a href="http://trip.rk.ee/cgi-bin/thw?${BASE}=akt&${OOHTML}=rtd&TA=1998&TO=1&AN=1390"> 843# The 1998-09-22 Estonian time law 844# </a> 845# refers to the Eighth Directive and cites the association agreement between 846# the EU and Estonia, ratified by the Estonian law (RT II 1995, 22--27, 120). 847# 848# I also asked [my relative] whether they use any standard abbreviation 849# for their standard and summer times. He says no, they use "suveaeg" 850# (summer time) and "talveaeg" (winter time). 851 852# From <a href="http://www.baltictimes.com/">The Baltic Times</a> (1999-09-09) 853# via Steffen Thorsen: 854# This year will mark the last time Estonia shifts to summer time, 855# a council of the ruling coalition announced Sept. 6.... 856# But what this could mean for Estonia's chances of joining the European 857# Union are still unclear. In 1994, the EU declared summer time compulsory 858# for all member states until 2001. Brussels has yet to decide what to do 859# after that. 860 861# From Mart Oruaas (2000-01-29): 862# Regulation no. 301 (1999-10-12) obsoletes previous regulation 863# no. 206 (1998-09-22) and thus sticks Estonia to +02:00 GMT for all 864# the year round. The regulation is effective 1999-11-01. 865 866# From Toomas Soome (2002-02-21): 867# The Estonian government has changed once again timezone politics. 868# Now we are using again EU rules. 869# 870# From Urmet Jaanes (2002-03-28): 871# The legislative reference is Government decree No. 84 on 2002-02-21. 872 873# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 874Zone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880 875 1:39:00 - TMT 1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time 876 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1919 Jul 877 1:39:00 - TMT 1921 May 878 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 6 879 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 15 880 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 22 881 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 882 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep 24 2:00s 883 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 Sep 22 884 2:00 EU EE%sT 1999 Nov 1 885 2:00 - EET 2002 Feb 21 886 2:00 EU EE%sT 887 888# Finland 889# 890# From Hannu Strang <chs@apu.fi> (25 Sep 1994 06:03:37 UTC): 891# Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one, 892# and it's supposed to change at 4am... 893# 894# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (25 Sep 1994): 895# Shanks says Finland has switched at 02:00 standard time since 1981. 896# Go with Strang instead. 897# 898# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 899Rule Finland 1942 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 900Rule Finland 1942 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 901# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 902Zone Europe/Helsinki 1:39:52 - LMT 1878 May 31 903 1:39:52 - HMT 1921 May # Helsinki Mean Time 904 2:00 Finland EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00 905 2:00 EU EE%sT 906 907# France 908 909# From Ciro Discepolo (2000-12-20): 910# 911# Henri Le Corre, Regimes Horaires pour le monde entier, Editions 912# Traditionnelles - Paris 2 books, 1993 913# 914# Gabriel, Traite de l'heure dans le monde, Guy Tredaniel editeur, 915# Paris, 1991 916# 917# Francoise Gauquelin, Problemes de l'heure resolus en astrologie, 918# Guy tredaniel, Paris 1987 919 920 921# 922# Shanks seems to use `24:00' ambiguously; we resolve it with Whitman. 923# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 924Rule France 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S 925Rule France 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - 926Rule France 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S 927Rule France 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S 928Rule France 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 929Rule France 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 930Rule France 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 931Rule France 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 932Rule France 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 - 933Rule France 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S 934# DSH writes that a law of 1923-05-24 specified 3rd Sat in Apr at 23:00 to 1st 935# Sat in Oct at 24:00; and that in 1930, because of Easter, the transitions 936# were Apr 12 and Oct 5. Go with Shanks. 937Rule France 1922 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 938Rule France 1923 only - May 26 23:00s 1:00 S 939Rule France 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S 940Rule France 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S 941Rule France 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 942Rule France 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 943Rule France 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 944Rule France 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S 945Rule France 1930 only - Apr 12 23:00s 1:00 S 946Rule France 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 947Rule France 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S 948Rule France 1933 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S 949Rule France 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S 950Rule France 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S 951Rule France 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 952Rule France 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S 953Rule France 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S 954Rule France 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 955Rule France 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 956Rule France 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S 957# The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris, but Shanks writes 958# that they were used in Monaco and in many French locations. 959# Le Corre writes that the upper limit of the free zone was Arneguy, Orthez, 960# Mont-de-Marsan, Bazas, Langon, Lamotte-Montravel, Marouil, La 961# Rochefoucault, Champagne-Mouton, La Roche-Posay, La Haye-Decartes, 962# Loches, Montrichard, Vierzon, Bourges, Moulins, Digoin, 963# Paray-le-Monial, Montceau-les-Mines, Chalons-sur-Saone, Arbois, 964# Dole, Morez, St-Claude, and Collognes (Haute-Savioe). 965Rule France 1941 only - May 5 0:00 2:00 M # Midsummer 966# Shanks says this transition occurred at Oct 6 1:00, 967# but go with Denis.Excoffier@ens.fr (1997-12-12), 968# who quotes the Ephemerides Astronomiques for 1998 from Bureau des Longitudes 969# as saying 5/10/41 22hUT. 970Rule France 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 S 971Rule France 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 2:00 M 972Rule France 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 1:00 S 973Rule France 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 2:00 M 974Rule France 1943 only - Oct 4 3:00 1:00 S 975Rule France 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00 2:00 M 976Rule France 1944 only - Oct 8 1:00 1:00 S 977Rule France 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 2:00 M 978Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 - 979# Shanks gives Mar 28 2:00 and Sep 26 3:00; 980# go with Excoffier's 28/3/76 0hUT and 25/9/76 23hUT. 981Rule France 1976 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 S 982Rule France 1976 only - Sep 26 1:00 0 - 983# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time, and Whitman gives 0:09:05, 984# but Howse quotes the actual French legislation as saying 0:09:21. 985# Go with Howse. Howse writes that the time in France was officially based 986# on PMT-0:09:21 until 1978-08-09, when the time base finally switched to UTC. 987# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 988Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 989 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Paris MT 990# Shanks gives 1940 Jun 14 0:00; go with Excoffier and Le Corre. 991 0:00 France WE%sT 1940 Jun 14 23:00 992# Le Corre says Paris stuck with occupied-France time after the liberation; 993# go with Shanks. 994 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 25 995 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 996 1:00 France CE%sT 1977 997 1:00 EU CE%sT 998 999# Germany 1000 1001# From Markus Kuhn <Markus.Kuhn@cl.cam.ac.uk> (1998-09-29): 1002# The German time zone web site by the Physikalisch-Technische 1003# Bundesanstalt contains DST information back to 1916.
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994#
995# <a href="http://www.ptb.de/english/org/4/43/432/lega.htm">
996# Realisation of Legal Time in Germany
997# </a>
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1004# [See tz-link.htm for the URL.] |
1005
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1006# From Joerg Schilling (2002-10-23): 1007# In 1945, Berlin was switched to Moscow Summer time (GMT+4) by <a 1008# href="http://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/BersarinNikolai/"> 1009# General [Nikolai] Bersarin</a>. 1010 1011# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-08): 1012# <a href="http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf"> 1013# says that Bersarin issued an order to use Moscow time on May 20. 1014# However, Moscow did not observe daylight saving in 1945, so 1015# this was equivalent to CEMT (GMT+3), not GMT+4. 1016 1017 |
1018# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1019Rule Germany 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
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1001# Shanks says 05-24 2:00 to 09-24 3:00 for DDST; go with the PTB, who quotes
1002# the Archiv fuer publizist. Arbeit (Munzinger-Archiv) 652 (Zeitsystem)
1003# (1961-11-25), which gives dates only. Guess 3:00 transition times.
1004Rule Germany 1945 only - May 31 3:00 2:00 M # Midsummer
1005Rule Germany 1945 only - Sep 23 3:00 1:00 S
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1020Rule Germany 1945 only - May 24 2:00 2:00 M # Midsummer 1021Rule Germany 1945 only - Sep 24 3:00 1:00 S |
1022Rule Germany 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - 1023Rule Germany 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S 1024Rule Germany 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - 1025Rule Germany 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 1026Rule Germany 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S
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1011# The PTB gives 3:00 CET and 3:00 CEST for the midsummer transition times;
1012# go with Shanks.
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1027Rule Germany 1947 only - May 11 2:00s 2:00 M 1028Rule Germany 1947 only - Jun 29 3:00 1:00 S 1029Rule Germany 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 1030Rule Germany 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S 1031# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1032Zone Europe/Berlin 0:53:28 - LMT 1893 Apr 1033 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 1034 1:00 Germany CE%sT 1980 1035 1:00 EU CE%sT 1036 1037# Gibraltar 1038# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1039Zone Europe/Gibraltar -0:21:24 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 1040 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1957 Apr 14 2:00 1041 1:00 - CET 1982 1042 1:00 EU CE%sT 1043 1044# Greece 1045# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1046# Whitman gives 1932 Jul 5 - Nov 1; go with Shanks. 1047Rule Greece 1932 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 S 1048Rule Greece 1932 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 1049# Whitman gives 1941 Apr 25 - ?; go with Shanks. 1050Rule Greece 1941 only - Apr 7 0:00 1:00 S 1051# Whitman gives 1942 Feb 2 - ?; go with Shanks. 1052Rule Greece 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 1053Rule Greece 1943 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S 1054Rule Greece 1943 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 1055# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 3 - Oct 31; go with Shanks. 1056Rule Greece 1952 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S 1057Rule Greece 1952 only - Nov 2 0:00 0 - 1058Rule Greece 1975 only - Apr 12 0:00s 1:00 S 1059Rule Greece 1975 only - Nov 26 0:00s 0 - 1060Rule Greece 1976 only - Apr 11 2:00s 1:00 S 1061Rule Greece 1976 only - Oct 10 2:00s 0 - 1062Rule Greece 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 1063Rule Greece 1977 only - Sep 26 2:00s 0 - 1064Rule Greece 1978 only - Sep 24 4:00 0 - 1065Rule Greece 1979 only - Apr 1 9:00 1:00 S 1066Rule Greece 1979 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 - 1067Rule Greece 1980 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 1068Rule Greece 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 1069# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1070Zone Europe/Athens 1:34:52 - LMT 1895 Sep 14 1071 1:34:52 - AMT 1916 Jul 28 0:01 # Athens MT 1072 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1941 Apr 30 1073 1:00 Greece CE%sT 1944 Apr 4 1074 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1981 1075 # Shanks says they switched to C-Eur in 1981; 1076 # go with EU instead, since Greece joined it on Jan 1. 1077 2:00 EU EE%sT 1078 1079# Hungary 1080# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1081Rule Hungary 1918 only - Apr 1 3:00 1:00 S 1082Rule Hungary 1918 only - Sep 29 3:00 0 - 1083Rule Hungary 1919 only - Apr 15 3:00 1:00 S 1084Rule Hungary 1919 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 - 1085Rule Hungary 1920 only - Apr 5 3:00 1:00 S 1086Rule Hungary 1920 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 1087Rule Hungary 1945 only - May 1 23:00 1:00 S 1088Rule Hungary 1945 only - Nov 3 0:00 0 - 1089Rule Hungary 1946 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S 1090Rule Hungary 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 1091Rule Hungary 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=4 2:00s 1:00 S 1092Rule Hungary 1950 only - Apr 17 2:00s 1:00 S 1093Rule Hungary 1950 only - Oct 23 2:00s 0 - 1094Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - May 23 0:00 1:00 S 1095Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 1096Rule Hungary 1956 only - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 1097Rule Hungary 1956 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1098Rule Hungary 1957 only - Jun Sun>=1 1:00 1:00 S 1099Rule Hungary 1957 only - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 - 1100Rule Hungary 1980 only - Apr 6 1:00 1:00 S 1101# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1102Zone Europe/Budapest 1:16:20 - LMT 1890 Oct 1103 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 1104 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1941 Apr 6 2:00 1105 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 1 23:00 1106 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1980 Sep 28 2:00s 1107 1:00 EU CE%sT 1108 1109# Iceland 1110# 1111# From Adam David <adam@veda.is> (1993-11-06): 1112# The name of the timezone in Iceland for system / mail / news purposes is GMT. 1113# 1114# (1993-12-05): 1115# This material is paraphrased from the 1988 edition of the University of 1116# Iceland Almanak. 1117# 1118# From January 1st, 1908 the whole of Iceland was standardised at 1 hour 1119# behind GMT. Previously, local mean solar time was used in different parts 1120# of Iceland, the almanak had been based on Reykjavik mean solar time which 1121# was 1 hour and 28 minutes behind GMT. 1122# 1123# "first day of winter" referred to [below] means the first day of the 26 weeks 1124# of winter, according to the old icelandic calendar that dates back to the 1125# time the norsemen first settled Iceland. The first day of winter is always 1126# Saturday, but is not dependent on the Julian or Gregorian calendars. 1127# 1128# (1993-12-10): 1129# I have a reference from the Oxford Icelandic-English dictionary for the 1130# beginning of winter, which ties it to the ecclesiastical calendar (and thus 1131# to the julian/gregorian calendar) over the period in question. 1132# the winter begins on the Saturday next before St. Luke's day 1133# (old style), or on St. Luke's day, if a Saturday. 1134# St. Luke's day ought to be traceable from ecclesiastical sources. "old style" 1135# might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it 1136# might mean something else (???). 1137# 1138# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-10-29): 1139# The Iceland Almanak, Shanks and Whitman disagree on many points. 1140# We go with the Almanak, except for one claim from Shanks, namely that 1141# Reykavik was 21W57 from 1837 to 1908, local mean time before that. 1142# 1143# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1144Rule Iceland 1917 1918 - Feb 19 23:00 1:00 S 1145Rule Iceland 1917 only - Oct 21 1:00 0 - 1146Rule Iceland 1918 only - Nov 16 1:00 0 - 1147Rule Iceland 1939 only - Apr 29 23:00 1:00 S 1148Rule Iceland 1939 only - Nov 29 2:00 0 - 1149Rule Iceland 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S 1150Rule Iceland 1940 only - Nov 3 2:00 0 - 1151Rule Iceland 1941 only - Mar 2 1:00s 1:00 S 1152Rule Iceland 1941 only - Nov 2 1:00s 0 - 1153Rule Iceland 1942 only - Mar 8 1:00s 1:00 S 1154Rule Iceland 1942 only - Oct 25 1:00s 0 - 1155# 1943-1946 - first Sunday in March until first Sunday in winter 1156Rule Iceland 1943 1946 - Mar Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S 1157Rule Iceland 1943 1948 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 - 1158# 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter 1159Rule Iceland 1947 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S 1160# 1949 Oct transition delayed by 1 week 1161Rule Iceland 1949 only - Oct 30 1:00s 0 - 1162Rule Iceland 1950 1966 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 - 1163Rule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 - 1164# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1165Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:27:24 - LMT 1837 1166 -1:27:48 - RMT 1908 # Reykjavik Mean Time? 1167 -1:00 Iceland IS%sT 1968 Apr 7 1:00s 1168 0:00 - GMT 1169 1170# Italy 1171# 1172# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06): 1173# Sicily and Sardinia each had their own time zones from 1866 to 1893, 1174# called Palermo Time (+00:53:28) and Cagliari Time (+00:36:32). 1175# During World War II, German-controlled Italy used German time. 1176# But these events all occurred before the 1970 cutoff, 1177# so record only the time in Rome. 1178# 1179# From Paul Eggert (1996-05-06): 1180# For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks, Whitman, and F. Pollastri 1181# <a href="http://toi.iriti.cnr.it/uk/ienitlt.html"> 1182# Day-light Saving Time in Italy (1996-03-14) 1183# </a> 1184# (`FP' below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute 1185# publication. When the three sources disagree, guess who's right, as follows: 1186# 1187# year FP Shanks (S) Whitman (W) Go with: 1188# 1916 06-03 06-03 24:00 06-03 00:00 FP & W 1189# 09-30 09-30 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s 1190# 1917 04-01 03-31 24:00 03-31 00:00 FP & S 1191# 09-30 09-29 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP & W 1192# 1918 03-09 03-09 24:00 03-09 00:00 FP & S 1193# 10-06 10-05 24:00 10-06 01:00 FP & W 1194# 1919 03-01 03-01 24:00 03-01 00:00 FP & S 1195# 10-04 10-04 24:00 10-04 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s 1196# 1920 03-20 03-20 24:00 03-20 00:00 FP & S 1197# 09-18 09-18 24:00 10-01 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s 1198# 1944 04-02 04-03 02:00 S (see C-Eur) 1199# 09-16 10-02 03:00 FP; guess 24:00s 1200# 1945 09-14 09-16 24:00 FP; guess 24:00s 1201# 1970 05-21 05-31 00:00 S 1202# 09-20 09-27 00:00 S 1203# 1204# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1205Rule Italy 1916 only - Jun 3 0:00s 1:00 S 1206Rule Italy 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1207Rule Italy 1917 only - Apr 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1208Rule Italy 1917 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 - 1209Rule Italy 1918 only - Mar 10 0:00s 1:00 S 1210Rule Italy 1918 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 - 1211Rule Italy 1919 only - Mar 2 0:00s 1:00 S 1212Rule Italy 1920 only - Mar 21 0:00s 1:00 S 1213Rule Italy 1920 only - Sep 19 0:00s 0 - 1214Rule Italy 1940 only - Jun 15 0:00s 1:00 S 1215Rule Italy 1944 only - Sep 17 0:00s 0 - 1216Rule Italy 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 S 1217Rule Italy 1945 only - Sep 15 0:00s 0 - 1218Rule Italy 1946 only - Mar 17 2:00s 1:00 S 1219Rule Italy 1946 only - Oct 6 2:00s 0 - 1220Rule Italy 1947 only - Mar 16 0:00s 1:00 S 1221Rule Italy 1947 only - Oct 5 0:00s 0 - 1222Rule Italy 1948 only - Feb 29 2:00s 1:00 S 1223Rule Italy 1948 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 - 1224Rule Italy 1966 1968 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S 1225Rule Italy 1966 1969 - Sep Sun>=22 0:00 0 - 1226Rule Italy 1969 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 1227Rule Italy 1970 only - May 31 0:00 1:00 S 1228Rule Italy 1970 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1229Rule Italy 1971 1972 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S 1230Rule Italy 1971 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - 1231Rule Italy 1972 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1232Rule Italy 1973 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 S 1233Rule Italy 1973 1974 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1234Rule Italy 1974 only - May 26 0:00 1:00 S 1235Rule Italy 1975 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1236Rule Italy 1975 1977 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 1237Rule Italy 1976 only - May 30 0:00s 1:00 S 1238Rule Italy 1977 1979 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S 1239Rule Italy 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1240Rule Italy 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 - 1241# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1242Zone Europe/Rome 0:49:56 - LMT 1866 Sep 22 1243 0:49:56 - RMT 1893 Nov # Rome Mean Time 1244 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s 1245 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul 1246 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1980 1247 1:00 EU CE%sT 1248 1249Link Europe/Rome Europe/Vatican 1250Link Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino 1251 1252# Latvia 1253 1254# From Liene Kanepe <Liene_Kanepe@lm.gov.lv> (1998-09-17): 1255 1256# I asked about this matter Scientific Secretary of the Institute of Astronomy 1257# of The University of Latvia Dr. paed Mr. Ilgonis Vilks. I also searched the 1258# correct data in juridical acts and I found some juridical documents about 1259# changes in the counting of time in Latvia from 1981.... 1260# 1261# Act No.35 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1981-01-22 ... 1262# according to the Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1980-10-24 1263# ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning 1264# the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on 1 April at 00:00 (GMT 31 March 21:00) 1265# and 1 hour backward on the 1 October at 00:00 (GMT 30 September 20:00). 1266# 1267# Act No.592 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1984-09-24 ... 1268# according to the Act No.967 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1984-09-13 1269# ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning 1270# the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on the last Sunday of March at 02:00 1271# (GMT 23:00 on the previous day) and 1 hour backward on the last Sunday of 1272# September at 03:00 (GMT 23:00 on the previous day). 1273# 1274# Act No.81 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1989-03-22 ... 1275# according to the Act No.227 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1989-03-14 1276# ...: since the last Sunday of March 1989 in Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR, 1277# Estonian SSR and Kaliningrad region of Russian Federation all year round the 1278# time of 2nd time zone (Moscow time minus one hour). On the territory of Latvia 1279# transition to summer time is performed on the last Sunday of March at 02:00 1280# (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour forward. The end of 1281# daylight saving time is performed on the last Sunday of September at 03:00 1282# (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour backward. Exception is 1283# 1989-03-26, when we must not turn the hands of the clock.... 1284# 1285# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Latvia of 1286# 1997-01-21 on transition to Summer time ... established the same order of 1287# daylight savings time settings as in the States of the European Union. 1288 1289# From Andrei Ivanov (2000-03-06): 1290# This year Latvia will not switch to Daylight Savings Time (as specified in 1291# <a href="http://www.lv-laiks.lv/wwwraksti/2000/071072/vd4.htm"> 1292# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Rep. of Latvia of 1293# 29-Feb-2000 (#79)</a>, in Latvian for subscribers only). 1294 1295# <a href="http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2001/01/3-CEE/cee-030101.html"> 1296# From RFE/RL Newsline (2001-01-03), noted after a heads-up by Rives McDow: 1297# </a> 1298# The Latvian government on 2 January decided that the country will 1299# institute daylight-saving time this spring, LETA reported. 1300# Last February the three Baltic states decided not to turn back their 1301# clocks one hour in the spring.... 1302# Minister of Economy Aigars Kalvitis noted that Latvia had too few 1303# daylight hours and thus decided to comply with a draft European 1304# Commission directive that provides for instituting daylight-saving 1305# time in EU countries between 2002 and 2006. The Latvian government 1306# urged Lithuania and Estonia to adopt a similar time policy, but it 1307# appears that they will not do so.... 1308 1309# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1310Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 1311Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 1312# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1313Zone Europe/Riga 1:36:24 - LMT 1880 1314 1:36:24 - RMT 1918 Apr 15 2:00 #Riga Mean Time 1315 1:36:24 1:00 LST 1918 Sep 16 3:00 #Latvian Summer 1316 1:36:24 - RMT 1919 Apr 1 2:00 1317 1:36:24 1:00 LST 1919 May 22 3:00 1318 1:36:24 - RMT 1926 May 11 1319 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 5 1320 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jul 1321 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 13 1322 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar lastSun 2:00s 1323 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep lastSun 2:00s 1324 2:00 Latvia EE%sT 1997 Jan 21 1325 2:00 EU EE%sT 2000 Feb 29 1326 2:00 - EET 2001 1327 2:00 EU EE%sT 1328 1329# Liechtenstein 1330# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1331Zone Europe/Vaduz 0:38:04 - LMT 1894 Jun 1332 1:00 - CET 1981 1333 1:00 EU CE%sT 1334 1335# Lithuania 1336 1337# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 1338# IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is 1339# known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it's wrong here too. 1340 1341# From Marius Gedminas <mgedmin@pub.osf.lt> (1998-08-07): 1342# I would like to inform that in this year Lithuanian time zone 1343# (Europe/Vilnius) was changed. 1344 1345# From <a href="http://www.elta.lt/">ELTA</a> No. 972 (2582) (1999-09-29), 1346# via Steffen Thorsen: 1347# Lithuania has shifted back to the second time zone (GMT plus two hours) 1348# to be valid here starting from October 31, 1349# as decided by the national government on Wednesday.... 1350# The Lithuanian government also announced plans to consider a 1351# motion to give up shifting to summer time in spring, as it was 1352# already done by Estonia. 1353 1354# From the <a href="http://www.tourism.lt/informa/ff.htm"> 1355# Fact File, Lithuanian State Department of Tourism 1356# </a> (2000-03-27): Local time is GMT+2 hours ..., no daylight saving. 1357
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1358# From a user via Klaus Marten (2003-02-07): 1359# As a candidate for membership of the European Union, Lithuania will 1360# observe Summer Time in 2003, changing its clocks at the times laid 1361# down in EU Directive 2000/84 of 19.I.01 (i.e. at the same times as its 1362# neighbour Latvia). The text of the Lithuanian government Order of 1363# 7.XI.02 to this effect can be found at 1364# http://www.lrvk.lt/nut/11/n1749.htm 1365 1366 |
1367# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1368Zone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880 1369 1:24:00 - WMT 1917 # Warsaw Mean Time 1370 1:35:36 - KMT 1919 Oct 10 # Kaunas Mean Time 1371 1:00 - CET 1920 Jul 12 1372 2:00 - EET 1920 Oct 9 1373 1:00 - CET 1940 Aug 3 1374 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 24 1375 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 1376 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1377 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 1378 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 1379 2:00 - EET 1998 Mar 29 1:00u 1380 1:00 EU CE%sT 1999 Oct 31 1:00u
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1358 2:00 - EET
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1381 2:00 - EET 2003 Jan 1 1382 2:00 EU EE%sT |
1383 1384# Luxembourg 1385# Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways; go with Shanks. 1386# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1387Rule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S 1388Rule Lux 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 1389Rule Lux 1917 only - Apr 28 23:00 1:00 S 1390Rule Lux 1917 only - Sep 17 1:00 0 - 1391Rule Lux 1918 only - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S 1392Rule Lux 1918 only - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 - 1393Rule Lux 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00 1:00 S 1394Rule Lux 1919 only - Oct 5 3:00 0 - 1395Rule Lux 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S 1396Rule Lux 1920 only - Oct 24 2:00 0 - 1397Rule Lux 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00 1:00 S 1398Rule Lux 1921 only - Oct 26 2:00 0 - 1399Rule Lux 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00 1:00 S 1400Rule Lux 1922 only - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 - 1401Rule Lux 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00 1:00 S 1402Rule Lux 1923 only - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 - 1403Rule Lux 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00 1:00 S 1404Rule Lux 1924 1928 - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 - 1405Rule Lux 1925 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S 1406Rule Lux 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 S 1407Rule Lux 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 S 1408Rule Lux 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00 1:00 S 1409Rule Lux 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 S 1410# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1411Zone Europe/Luxembourg 0:24:36 - LMT 1904 Jun 1412 1:00 Lux CE%sT 1918 Nov 25 1413 0:00 Lux WE%sT 1929 Oct 6 2:00s 1414 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 14 3:00 1415 1:00 C-Eur WE%sT 1944 Sep 18 3:00 1416 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977 1417 1:00 EU CE%sT 1418 1419# Macedonia
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1396# see Yugoslavia
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1420# see Serbia and Montenegro |
1421 1422# Malta 1423# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1424Rule Malta 1973 only - Mar 31 0:00s 1:00 S 1425Rule Malta 1973 only - Sep 29 0:00s 0 - 1426Rule Malta 1974 only - Apr 21 0:00s 1:00 S 1427Rule Malta 1974 only - Sep 16 0:00s 0 - 1428Rule Malta 1975 1979 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S 1429Rule Malta 1975 1980 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 1430Rule Malta 1980 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S 1431# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1432Zone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 2 # Valletta 1433 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s 1434 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s 1435 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1973 Mar 31 1436 1:00 Malta CE%sT 1981 1437 1:00 EU CE%sT 1438 1439# Moldova 1440 1441# From Paul Eggert (2001-02-11): 1442# A previous version of this database followed Shanks, who writes that 1443# Tiraspol switched to Moscow time on 1992-01-19 at 02:00. 1444# However, this is most likely an error, as Moldova declared independence 1445# on 1991-08-27 (the 1992-01-19 date is that of a Russian decree). 1446# In early 1992 there was large-scale interethnic violence in the area 1447# and it's possible that some Russophones continued to observe Moscow time. 1448# But moldavizolit@tirastel.md and mk@tirastel.md separately reported via 1449# Jesper Norgaard that as of 2001-01-24 Tiraspol was like Chisinau. 1450# The Tiraspol entry has therefore been removed for now. 1451 1452# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1453Zone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1880 1454 1:55 - CMT 1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT 1455 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT 1456 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1940 Aug 15 1457 2:00 1:00 EEST 1941 Jul 17 1458 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 24 1459 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 1460 3:00 - MSK 1990 May 6 1461 2:00 - EET 1991 1462 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 1463 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 1464# See Romania commentary for the guessed 1997 transition to EU rules. 1465 2:00 EU EE%sT 1466 1467# Monaco 1468# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's more precise 0:09:21. 1469# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1470Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 1471 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 1472 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 1473 1:00 France CE%sT 1977 1474 1:00 EU CE%sT 1475 1476# Netherlands 1477 1478# Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940, 1479# but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time. 1480 1481# However, Robert H. van Gent writes (2001-04-01): 1482# Howse's statement is only correct up to 1909. From 1909-05-01 (00:00:00 1483# Amsterdam mean time) onwards, the whole of the Netherlands (including 1484# the Dutch railways) was required by law to observe Amsterdam mean time 1485# (19 minutes 32.13 seconds ahead of GMT). This had already been the 1486# common practice (except for the railways) for many decades but it was 1487# not until 1909 when the Dutch government finally defined this by law. 1488# On 1937-07-01 this was changed to 20 minutes (exactly) ahead of GMT and 1489# was generally known as Dutch Time ("Nederlandse Tijd"). 1490# 1491# (2001-04-08): 1492# 1892-05-01 was the date when the Dutch railways were by law required to 1493# observe GMT while the remainder of the Netherlands adhered to the common 1494# practice of following Amsterdam mean time. 1495# 1496# (2001-04-09): 1497# In 1835 the authorities of the province of North Holland requested the 1498# municipal authorities of the towns and cities in the province to observe 1499# Amsterdam mean time but I do not know in how many cases this request was 1500# actually followed. 1501# 1502# From 1852 onwards the Dutch telegraph offices were by law required to 1503# observe Amsterdam mean time. As the time signals from the observatory of 1504# Leiden were also distributed by the telegraph system, I assume that most 1505# places linked up with the telegraph (and railway) system automatically 1506# adopted Amsterdam mean time. 1507# 1508# Although the early Dutch railway companies initially observed a variety 1509# of times, most of them had adopted Amsterdam mean time by 1858 but it 1510# was not until 1866 when they were all required by law to observe 1511# Amsterdam mean time. 1512 1513# The data before 1945 are taken from 1514# <http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/wettijd/wettijd.htm>. 1515 1516# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1517Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time 1518Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time 1519Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST 1520Rule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT 1521Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST 1522Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep lastMon 2:00s 0 AMT 1523Rule Neth 1922 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST 1524Rule Neth 1922 1936 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 AMT 1525Rule Neth 1923 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST 1526Rule Neth 1924 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST 1527Rule Neth 1925 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST 1528# From 1926 through 1939 DST began 05-15, except that it was delayed by a week 1529# in years when 05-15 fell in the Pentecost weekend. 1530Rule Neth 1926 1931 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST 1531Rule Neth 1932 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST 1532Rule Neth 1933 1936 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST 1533Rule Neth 1937 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST 1534Rule Neth 1937 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S 1535Rule Neth 1937 1939 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 - 1536Rule Neth 1938 1939 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 S 1537Rule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 1538Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 1539# 1540# Amsterdam Mean Time was +00:19:32.13 exactly, but the .13 is omitted 1541# below because the current format requires GMTOFF to be an integer. 1542# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1543Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:32 - LMT 1835 1544 0:19:32 Neth %s 1937 Jul 1 1545 0:20 Neth NE%sT 1940 May 16 0:00 # Dutch Time 1546 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 1547 1:00 Neth CE%sT 1977 1548 1:00 EU CE%sT 1549 1550# Norway 1551# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1552# Whitman gives 1916 May 21 - 1916 Oct 21; go with Shanks. 1553Rule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 S 1554Rule Norway 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 1555# Whitman says DST observed 1935-08-11/1942-11-01, then 1943-03-29/10-04, 1556# 1944-04-03/10-02, and 1945-04-01/10-01; go with Shanks. 1557Rule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 1558Rule Norway 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - 1559Rule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 S 1560Rule Norway 1959 1965 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 1561Rule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 S 1562# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1563Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895 Jan 1 1564 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1940 Aug 10 23:00 1565 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 1566 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1980 1567 1:00 EU CE%sT 1568 1569# Svalbard & Jan Mayen 1570 1571# From Steffen Thorsen (2001-05-01): 1572# Although I could not find it explicitly, it seems that Jan Mayen and 1573# Svalbard have been using the same time as Norway at least since the 1574# time they were declared as parts of Norway. Svalbard was declared 1575# as a part of Norway by law of 1925-07-17 no 11, section 4 and Jan 1576# Mayen by law of 1930-02-27 no 2, section 2. (From 1577# http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19250717-011.html and 1578# http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19300227-002.html). The law/regulation 1579# for normal/standard time in Norway is from 1894-06-29 no 1 (came 1580# into operation on 1895-01-01) and Svalbard/Jan Mayen seem to be a 1581# part of this law since 1925/1930. (From 1582# http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-18940629-001.html ) I have not been 1583# able to find if Jan Mayen used a different time zone (e.g. -0100) 1584# before 1930. Jan Mayen has only been "inhabitated" since 1921 by 1585# Norwegian meteorologists and maybe used the same time as Norway ever 1586# since 1921. Svalbard (Arctic/Longyearbyen) has been inhabited since 1587# before 1895, and therefore probably changed the local time somewhere 1588# between 1895 and 1925 (inclusive). 1589 1590# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-01): 1591# 1592# Actually, Jan Mayen was never occupied by Germany during World War II, 1593# so it must have diverged from Oslo time during the war, as Olso was 1594# keeping Berlin time. 1595# 1596# <http://home.no.net/janmayen/history.htm> says that the meteorologists 1597# burned down their station in 1940 and left the island, but returned in 1598# 1941 with a small Norwegian garrison and continued operations despite 1599# frequent air ttacks from Germans. In 1943 the Americans established a 1600# radiolocating station on the island, called "Atlantic City". Possibly 1601# the UTC offset changed during the war, but I think it unlikely that 1602# Jan Mayen used German daylight-saving rules. 1603# 1604# Svalbard is more complicated, as it was raided in August 1941 by an 1605# Allied party that evacuated the civilian population to England (says 1606# <http://www.bartleby.com/65/sv/Svalbard.html>). The Svalbard FAQ 1607# <http://www.svalbard.com/SvalbardFAQ.html> says that the Germans were 1608# expelled on 1942-05-14. However, small parties of Germans did return, 1609# and according to Wilhelm Dege's book "War North of 80" (1954) 1610# <http://www.utpress.utoronto.ca/publishing/rights/dege_warnorthof80.htm> 1611# the German armed forces at the Svalbard weather station code-named 1612# Haudegen did not surrender to the Allies until September 1945. 1613# 1614# All these events predate our cutoff date of 1970. Unless we can 1615# come up with more definitive info about the timekeeping during the 1616# war years it's probably best just do do the following for now: 1617Link Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen 1618Link Europe/Oslo Atlantic/Jan_Mayen 1619 1620# Poland 1621# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1622Rule Poland 1918 1919 - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 1623Rule Poland 1919 only - Apr 15 2:00s 1:00 S 1624# Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks. 1625Rule Poland 1944 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 1626# For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks. 1627Rule Poland 1945 only - Apr 29 0:00 1:00 S 1628Rule Poland 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 1629Rule Poland 1946 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 S 1630Rule Poland 1946 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 - 1631Rule Poland 1947 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 S 1632Rule Poland 1947 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 1633Rule Poland 1948 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 S 1634# Whitman also gives 1949 Apr 9 - 1949 Oct 1; go with Shanks. 1635Rule Poland 1957 only - Jun 2 1:00s 1:00 S 1636Rule Poland 1957 1958 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 1637Rule Poland 1958 only - Mar 30 1:00s 1:00 S 1638Rule Poland 1959 only - May 31 1:00s 1:00 S 1639Rule Poland 1959 1961 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00s 0 - 1640Rule Poland 1960 only - Apr 3 1:00s 1:00 S 1641Rule Poland 1961 1964 - May Sun>=25 1:00s 1:00 S 1642Rule Poland 1962 1964 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 1643# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1644Zone Europe/Warsaw 1:24:00 - LMT 1880 1645 1:24:00 - WMT 1915 Aug 5 # Warsaw Mean Time 1646 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Sep 16 3:00 1647 2:00 Poland EE%sT 1922 Jun 1648 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1940 Jun 23 2:00 1649 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 1650 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1977 Apr 3 1:00 1651 1:00 W-Eur CE%sT 1999 1652# IATA SSIM (1991/1996) gives EU rules, but the _The Warsaw Voice_ 1653# <a href="http://www.warsawvoice.com.pl/v361/NewsInBrief.shtml"> 1654# http://www.warsawvoice.com/pl/v361/NewsInBrief.shtml (1995-09-24) 1655# </a> 1656# says the autumn 1995 switch was at 02:00. 1657# Stick with W-Eur for now. 1658# 1659# From Marcin.Kasperski@softax.com.pl (1999-06-10): 1660# According to my colleagues someone recently decided, that Poland would 1661# follow European Union regulations, so - I think - the matter is not 1662# worth further discussion. 1663# 1664# From Paul Eggert (1999-06-10): 1665# Kasperski also writes that the government futzed with the rules in 1997 1666# or 1998 but he doesn't remember the details. Assume they switched to 1667# EU rules in 1999. 1668 1:00 EU CE%sT 1669 1670# Portugal 1671# 1672# From Rui Pedro Salgueiro <rps@inescca.inescc.pt> (1992-11-12): 1673# Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone 1674# (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC. 1675# 1676# Martin Bruckmann <martin@ua.pt> (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve 1677# that Portugal is reverting to 0:00 by not moving its clocks this spring. 1678# The new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter. 1679# 1680# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-12): 1681# IATA SSIM (1991-09) reports several 1991-09 and 1992-09 transitions 1682# at 02:00u, not 01:00u. Assume that these are typos. 1683# IATA SSIM (1991/1992) reports that the Azores were at -1:00. 1684# IATA SSIM (1993-02) says +0:00; later issues (through 1996-09) say -1:00. 1685# Guess that the Azores changed to EU rules in 1992 (since that's when Portugal 1686# harmonized with the EU), and that they stayed +0:00 that winter. 1687# 1688# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1689# DSH writes that despite Decree 1,469 (1915), the change to the clocks was not 1690# done every year, depending on what Spain did, because of railroad schedules. 1691# Go with Shanks. 1692Rule Port 1916 only - Jun 17 23:00 1:00 S 1693# Whitman gives 1916 Oct 31; go with Shanks. 1694Rule Port 1916 only - Nov 1 1:00 0 - 1695Rule Port 1917 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S 1696Rule Port 1917 1921 - Oct 14 23:00s 0 - 1697Rule Port 1918 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 1698Rule Port 1919 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S 1699Rule Port 1920 only - Feb 29 23:00s 1:00 S 1700Rule Port 1921 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S 1701Rule Port 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S 1702Rule Port 1924 only - Oct 14 23:00s 0 - 1703Rule Port 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 1704Rule Port 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 1705Rule Port 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 1706Rule Port 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 1707Rule Port 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S 1708Rule Port 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 1709# Whitman gives 1931 Oct 8; go with Shanks. 1710Rule Port 1931 1932 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 1711Rule Port 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S 1712# Shanks gives 1934 Apr 4; go with Whitman. 1713Rule Port 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S 1714# Whitman gives 1934 Oct 5; go with Shanks. 1715Rule Port 1934 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 1716# Shanks gives 1935 Apr 30; go with Whitman. 1717Rule Port 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S 1718Rule Port 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 1719# Whitman gives 1937 Apr 2; go with Shanks. 1720Rule Port 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S 1721Rule Port 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S 1722Rule Port 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 1723# Whitman gives 1939 Oct 7; go with Shanks. 1724Rule Port 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 1725Rule Port 1940 only - Feb 24 23:00s 1:00 S 1726# Shanks gives 1940 Oct 7; go with Whitman. 1727Rule Port 1940 1941 - Oct 5 23:00s 0 - 1728Rule Port 1941 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S 1729Rule Port 1942 1945 - Mar Sat>=8 23:00s 1:00 S 1730Rule Port 1942 only - Apr 25 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer 1731Rule Port 1942 only - Aug 15 22:00s 1:00 S 1732Rule Port 1942 1945 - Oct Sat>=24 23:00s 0 - 1733Rule Port 1943 only - Apr 17 22:00s 2:00 M 1734Rule Port 1943 1945 - Aug Sat>=25 22:00s 1:00 S 1735Rule Port 1944 1945 - Apr Sat>=21 22:00s 2:00 M 1736Rule Port 1946 only - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 S 1737Rule Port 1946 only - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 1738Rule Port 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 1739Rule Port 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 1740# Shanks says DST was observed in 1950; go with Whitman. 1741# Whitman gives Oct lastSun for 1952 on; go with Shanks. 1742Rule Port 1951 1965 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 1743Rule Port 1951 1965 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 1744Rule Port 1977 only - Mar 27 0:00s 1:00 S 1745Rule Port 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00s 0 - 1746Rule Port 1978 1979 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 S 1747Rule Port 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1748Rule Port 1979 1982 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 1749Rule Port 1980 only - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S 1750Rule Port 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 1751Rule Port 1983 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 1752# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1753Zone Europe/Lisbon -0:36:32 - LMT 1884 1754 -0:36:32 - LMT 1911 May 24 # Lisbon Mean Time 1755 0:00 Port WE%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 1756 1:00 - CET 1976 Sep 26 1:00 1757 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 1758 0:00 W-Eur WE%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s 1759 1:00 EU CE%sT 1996 Mar 31 1:00u 1760 0:00 EU WE%sT 1761Zone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada 1762 -1:54:32 - HMT 1911 May 24 # Horta Mean Time 1763 -2:00 Port AZO%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Azores Time 1764 -1:00 Port AZO%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 1765 -1:00 W-Eur AZO%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s 1766 0:00 EU WE%sT 1993 Mar 28 1:00u 1767 -1:00 EU AZO%sT 1768Zone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal 1769 -1:07:36 - FMT 1911 May 24 # Funchal Mean Time 1770 -1:00 Port MAD%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Madeira Time 1771 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 1772 0:00 EU WE%sT 1773 1774# Romania 1775# 1776# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-07): 1777# <a href="http://www.nineoclock.ro/POL/1778pol.html"> 1778# Nine O'clock</a> (1998-10-23) reports that the switch occurred at 1779# 04:00 local time in fall 1998. For lack of better info, 1780# assume that Romania and Moldova switched to EU rules in 1997, 1781# the same year as Bulgaria. 1782# 1783# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1784Rule Romania 1932 only - May 21 0:00s 1:00 S 1785Rule Romania 1932 1939 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 - 1786Rule Romania 1933 1939 - Apr Sun>=2 0:00s 1:00 S 1787Rule Romania 1979 only - May 27 0:00 1:00 S 1788Rule Romania 1979 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1789Rule Romania 1980 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S 1790Rule Romania 1980 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - 1791Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S 1792Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 1793# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1794Zone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct 1795 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT 1796 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00s 1797 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 1798 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1994 1799 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 1800 2:00 EU EE%sT 1801 1802# Russia 1803 1804# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-11-12): 1805# Except for Moscow after 1919-07-01, I invented the time zone abbreviations. 1806# Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991, 1807# are from Andrey A. Chernov. The rest is from Shanks, except we follow 1808# Chernov's report that 1992 DST transitions were Sat 23:00, not Sun 02:00s. 1809# 1810# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski <S.A.Kuz@iae.nsk.su> (1994-06-29): 1811# But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow! 1812# I do not know why they have decided to make this change; 1813# as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching 1814# so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch. 1815# 1816# From Andrey A. Chernov <ache@nagual.ru> (1996-10-04): 1817# `MSK' and `MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with 1818# Unix-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group).... 1819# The next step was the UUCP network, the Relcom predecessor 1820# (used mainly for mail), and MSK/MSD was actively used there. 1821# 1822# From Chris Carrier <72157.3334@CompuServe.COM> (1996-10-30): 1823# According to a friend of mine who rode the Trans-Siberian Railroad from 1824# Moscow to Irkutsk in 1995, public air and rail transport in Russia ... 1825# still follows Moscow time, no matter where in Russia it is located. 1826# 1827# For Grozny, Chechnya, we have the following story from 1828# John Daniszewski, "Scavengers in the Rubble", Los Angeles Times (2001-02-07): 1829# News--often false--is spread by word of mouth. A rumor that it was 1830# time to move the clocks back put this whole city out of sync with 1831# the rest of Russia for two weeks--even soldiers stationed here began 1832# enforcing curfew at the wrong time. 1833# 1834# From Gwillim Law (2001-06-05): 1835# There's considerable evidence that Sakhalin Island used to be in 1836# UTC+11, and has changed to UTC+10, in this decade. I start with the 1837# SSIM, which listed Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk in zone RU10 along with Magadan 1838# until February 1997, and then in RU9 with Khabarovsk and Vladivostok 1839# since September 1997.... Although the Kuril Islands are 1840# administratively part of Sakhalin oblast', they appear to have 1841# remained on UTC+11 along with Magadan. 1842# 1843# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1844# 1845# Kaliningradskaya oblast'. 1846Zone Europe/Kaliningrad 1:22:00 - LMT 1893 Apr 1847 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 1848 2:00 Poland CE%sT 1946 1849 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1850 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1851# 1852# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] 1853# Respublika Adygeya, Arkhangel'skaya oblast', Astrakhanskaya oblast', 1854# Belgorodskaya oblast', Bryanskaya oblast', Vladimirskaya oblast', 1855# Volgogradskaya oblast', Vologodskaya oblast', Voronezhskaya oblast', 1856# Respublika Dagestan, Ivanovskaya oblast', Respublika Ingushetiya, 1857# Kabarbino-Balkarskaya Respublika, Respublika Kalmykiya, 1858# Kalyzhskaya oblast', Respublika Karachaevo-Cherkessiya, 1859# Respublika Kareliya, Kirovskaya oblast', Respublika Komi, 1860# Kostromskaya oblast', Krasnodarskij kraj, Kurskaya oblast', 1861# Leningradskaya oblast', Lipetskaya oblast', Respublika Marij El, 1862# Respublika Mordoviya, Moskva, Moskovskaya oblast', 1863# Murmanskaya oblast', Nenetskij avtonomnyj okrug, 1864# Nizhegorodskaya oblast', Novgorodskaya oblast', Orlovskaya oblast', 1865# Penzenskaya oblast', Pskovskaya oblast', Rostovskaya oblast', 1866# Ryazanskaya oblast', Sankt-Peterburg, Saratovskaya oblast', 1867# Respublika Severnaya Osetiya, Smolenskaya oblast', 1868# Stavropol'skij kraj, Tambovskaya oblast', Respublika Tatarstan, 1869# Tverskaya oblast', Tyl'skaya oblast', Ul'yanovskaya oblast', 1870# Chechenskaya Respublika, Chuvashskaya oblast', 1871# Yaroslavskaya oblast' 1872Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:20 - LMT 1880 1873 2:30 - MMT 1916 Jul 3 # Moscow Mean Time 1874 2:30:48 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 2:00 1875 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1922 Oct 1876 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 1877 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1878 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1879 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1880# 1881# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] 1882# Samarskaya oblast', Udmyrtskaya respublika 1883Zone Europe/Samara 3:20:36 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 2:00 1884 3:00 - KUYT 1930 Jun 21 # Kuybyshev 1885 4:00 Russia KUY%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 1886 3:00 Russia KUY%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1887 2:00 Russia KUY%sT 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 1888 3:00 - KUYT 1991 Oct 20 3:00 1889 4:00 Russia SAM%sT # Samara Time 1890# 1891# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] 1892# Respublika Bashkortostan, Komi-Permyatskij avtonomnyj okrug, 1893# Kurganskaya oblast', Orenburgskaya oblast', Permskaya oblast', 1894# Sverdlovskaya oblast', Tyumenskaya oblast', 1895# Khanty-Manskijskij avtonomnyj okrug, Chelyabinskaya oblast', 1896# Yamalo-Nenetskij avtonomnyj okrug. 1897Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:24 - LMT 1919 Jul 15 4:00 1898 4:00 - SVET 1930 Jun 21 # Sverdlovsk Time 1899 5:00 Russia SVE%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1900 4:00 Russia SVE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1901 5:00 Russia YEK%sT # Yekaterinburg Time 1902# 1903# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] 1904# Respublika Altaj, Altajskij kraj, Omskaya oblast'. 1905Zone Asia/Omsk 4:53:36 - LMT 1919 Nov 14 1906 5:00 - OMST 1930 Jun 21 # Omsk TIme 1907 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1908 5:00 Russia OMS%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1909 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 1910# 1911# Novosibirskaya oblast'. 1912Zone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 14 6:00 1913 6:00 - NOVT 1930 Jun 21 # Novosibirsk Time 1914 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1915 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1916 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1993 May 23 # says Shanks 1917 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 1918# 1919# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] 1920# Kemerovskaya oblast', Krasnoyarskij kraj, 1921# Tajmyrskij (Dolgano-Nenetskij) avtonomnyj okrug, Tomskaya oblast', 1922# Respublika Tuva, Respublika Khakasiya, Evenkijskij avtonomnyj okrug. 1923Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk 6:11:20 - LMT 1920 Jan 6 1924 6:00 - KRAT 1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time 1925 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1926 6:00 Russia KRA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1927 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1928# 1929# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] 1930# Respublika Buryatiya, Irkutskaya oblast', 1931# Ust'-Ordynskij Buryatskij avtonomnyj okrug. 1932Zone Asia/Irkutsk 6:57:20 - LMT 1880 1933 6:57:20 - IMT 1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time 1934 7:00 - IRKT 1930 Jun 21 # Irkutsk Time 1935 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1936 7:00 Russia IRK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1937 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 1938# 1939# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] 1940# Aginskij Buryatskij avtonomnyj okrug, Amurskaya oblast', 1941# [parts of] Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya), Chitinskaya oblast'. 1942# 1943# From Alan Pritchard (2001-08-24): [The Sakha districts are:] 1944# Aldansky, Amginsky, Anabarsky, Bulunsky, Churapchinsky, 1945# Eveno-Bytantaisky, Gorny, Khangalassky, Kobyaisky, Lensky, 1946# Megino-Kangalassky, Mirninsky, Namsky, Nyurbinsky, Olenyoksky, 1947# Olyokminsky, Srednekolymsky, Suntarsky, Tattinsky, Ust-Aldansky, 1948# Verkhnekolymsky, Verkhnevilyuisky, Vilyuisky, Zhigansky. 1949Zone Asia/Yakutsk 8:38:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 1950 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time 1951 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1952 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1953 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1954# 1955# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] 1956# Evrejskaya avtonomnaya oblast', Khabarovskij kraj, Primorskij kraj, 1957# [parts of] Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya). 1958# 1959# From Alan Pritchard (2001-08-24): [The Sakha districts are:] 1960# Tomponsky, Ust-Maisky, Ust-Yansky, Verkhoyansky. 1961Zone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:44 - LMT 1922 Nov 15 1962 9:00 - VLAT 1930 Jun 21 # Vladivostok Time 1963 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1964 9:00 Russia VLA%sST 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1965 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 1966# 1967# Sakhalinskaya oblast'. 1968# The Zone name should be Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, but that's too long. 1969Zone Asia/Sakhalin 9:30:48 - LMT 1905 Aug 23 1970 9:00 - CJT 1938 1971 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 25 1972 11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s # Sakhalin T. 1973 10:00 Russia SAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1974 11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1997 Mar lastSun 2:00s 1975 10:00 Russia SAK%sT 1976# 1977# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] 1978# Magadanskaya oblast', Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya). 1979# 1980# From Alan Pritchard (2001-08-24): [The Sakha districts are:] 1981# Abyisky, Allaikhovsky, Momsky, Nizhnekolymsky, Oimyakonsky. 1982Zone Asia/Magadan 10:03:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 1983 10:00 - MAGT 1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time 1984 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1985 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1986 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1987# 1988# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] 1989# Kamchatskaya oblast', Koryakskij avtonomnyj okrug. 1990# 1991# The Zone name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski, but that's too long. 1992Zone Asia/Kamchatka 10:34:36 - LMT 1922 Nov 10 1993 11:00 - PETT 1930 Jun 21 # P-K Time 1994 12:00 Russia PET%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1995 11:00 Russia PET%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1996 12:00 Russia PET%sT 1997# 1998# Chukotskij avtonomnyj okrug 1999Zone Asia/Anadyr 11:49:56 - LMT 1924 May 2 2000 12:00 - ANAT 1930 Jun 21 # Anadyr Time 2001 13:00 Russia ANA%sT 1982 Apr 1 0:00s 2002 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2003 11:00 Russia ANA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2004 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 2005
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2006# Serbia and Montenegro 2007# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2008Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884 2009 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 2010 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s 2011 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s 2012# Metod Kozelj <metod.kozelj@rzs-hm.si> reports that the legal date of 2013# transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time. 2014# Shanks doesn't give as much detail, so go with Kozelj. 2015 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27 2016 1:00 EU CE%sT 2017Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana # Slovenia 2018Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Sarajevo # Bosnia and Herzegovina 2019Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Skopje # Macedonia 2020Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Zagreb # Croatia 2021 |
2022# Slovakia 2023Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava 2024 2025# Slovenia
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1986# see Yugoslavia
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2026# see Serbia and Montenegro |
2027 2028# Spain 2029# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2030# For 1917-1919 Whitman gives Apr Sat>=1 - Oct Sat>=1; go with Shanks. 2031Rule Spain 1917 only - May 5 23:00s 1:00 S 2032Rule Spain 1917 1919 - Oct 6 23:00s 0 - 2033Rule Spain 1918 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 2034Rule Spain 1919 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S 2035# Whitman gives 1921 Feb 28 - Oct 14; go with Shanks. 2036Rule Spain 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S 2037# Whitman gives 1924 Oct 14; go with Shanks. 2038Rule Spain 1924 only - Oct 4 23:00s 0 - 2039Rule Spain 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 2040# Whitman says no DST in 1929; go with Shanks. 2041Rule Spain 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 2042Rule Spain 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 2043Rule Spain 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 2044Rule Spain 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S 2045# Whitman gives 1937 Jun 16, 1938 Apr 16, 1940 Apr 13; go with Shanks. 2046Rule Spain 1937 only - May 22 23:00s 1:00 S 2047Rule Spain 1937 1939 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 2048Rule Spain 1938 only - Mar 22 23:00s 1:00 S 2049Rule Spain 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 2050Rule Spain 1940 only - Mar 16 23:00s 1:00 S 2051# Whitman says no DST 1942-1945; go with Shanks. 2052Rule Spain 1942 only - May 2 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer 2053Rule Spain 1942 only - Sep 1 22:00s 1:00 S 2054Rule Spain 1943 1946 - Apr Sat>=13 22:00s 2:00 M 2055Rule Spain 1943 only - Oct 3 22:00s 1:00 S 2056Rule Spain 1944 only - Oct 10 22:00s 1:00 S 2057Rule Spain 1945 only - Sep 30 1:00 1:00 S 2058Rule Spain 1946 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 2059Rule Spain 1949 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S 2060Rule Spain 1949 only - Sep 30 1:00 0 - 2061Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Apr Sat>=13 23:00 1:00 S 2062Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 - 2063Rule Spain 1976 only - Mar 27 23:00 1:00 S 2064Rule Spain 1976 1977 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - 2065Rule Spain 1977 1978 - Apr 2 23:00 1:00 S 2066Rule Spain 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 2067# The following rules are copied from Morocco from 1967 through 1978. 2068Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S 2069Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2070Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S 2071Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 2072Rule SpainAfrica 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 2073Rule SpainAfrica 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 2074Rule SpainAfrica 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 2075Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 2076Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - 2077# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2078Zone Europe/Madrid -0:14:44 - LMT 1901 2079 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1946 Sep 30 2080 1:00 Spain CE%sT 1979 2081 1:00 EU CE%sT 2082Zone Africa/Ceuta -0:21:16 - LMT 1901 2083 0:00 - WET 1918 May 6 23:00 2084 0:00 1:00 WEST 1918 Oct 7 23:00 2085 0:00 - WET 1924 2086 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1929 2087 0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT 1984 Mar 16 2088 1:00 - CET 1986 2089 1:00 EU CE%sT 2090Zone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C. 2091 -1:00 - CANT 1946 Sep 30 1:00 # Canaries Time 2092 0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s 2093 0:00 1:00 WEST 1980 Sep 28 0:00s 2094 0:00 EU WE%sT 2095# IATA SSIM (1996-09) says the Canaries switch at 2:00u, not 1:00u. 2096# Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU. 2097 2098# Sweden 2099 2100# From Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13), superseding Shanks: 2101# 2102# The law "Svensk forfattningssamling 1878, no 14" about standard time in 1879: 2103# From the beginning of 1879 (that is 01-01 00:00) the time for all 2104# places in the country is "the mean solar time for the meridian at 2105# three degrees, or twelve minutes of time, to the west of the 2106# meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated 1878-05-31. 2107# 2108# The observatory at that time had the meridian 18 degrees 03' 30" 2109# eastern longitude = 01:12:14 in time. Less 12 minutes gives the 2110# national standard time as 01:00:14 ahead of GMT.... 2111# 2112# About the beginning of CET in Sweden. The lawtext ("Svensk 2113# forfattningssamling 1899, no 44") states, that "from the beginning 2114# of 1900... ... the same as the mean solar time for the meridian at 2115# the distance of one hour of time from the meridian of the English 2116# observatory at Greenwich, or at 12 minutes 14 seconds to the west 2117# from the meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated 2118# 1899-06-16. In short: At 1900-01-01 00:00:00 the new standard time 2119# in Sweden is 01:00:00 ahead of GMT. 2120# 2121# 1916: The lawtext ("Svensk forfattningssamling 1916, no 124") states 2122# that "1916-05-15 is considered to begin one hour earlier". It is 2123# pretty obvious that at 05-14 23:00 the clocks are set to 05-15 00:00.... 2124# Further the law says, that "1916-09-30 is considered to end one hour later". 2125# 2126# The laws regulating [DST] are available on the site of the Swedish 2127# Parliament beginning with 1985 - the laws regulating 1980/1984 are 2128# not available on the site (to my knowledge they are only available 2129# in Swedish): <http://www.riksdagen.se/english/work/sfst.asp> (type 2130# "sommartid" without the quotes in the field "Fritext" and then click 2131# the Sok-button). 2132# 2133# (2001-05-13): 2134# 2135# I have now found a newspaper stating that at 1916-10-01 01:00 2136# summertime the church-clocks etc were set back one hour to show 2137# 1916-10-01 00:00 standard time. The article also reports that some 2138# people thought the switch to standard time would take place already 2139# at 1916-10-01 00:00 summer time, but they had to wait for another 2140# hour before the event took place. 2141# 2142# Source: The newspaper "Dagens Nyheter", 1916-10-01, page 7 upper left. 2143 2144# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2145Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1879 Jan 1 2146 1:00:14 - SET 1900 Jan 1 # Swedish Time 2147 1:00 - CET 1916 May 14 23:00 2148 1:00 1:00 CEST 1916 Oct 1 01:00 2149 1:00 - CET 1980 2150 1:00 EU CE%sT 2151 2152# Switzerland 2153# From Howse: 2154# By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace 2155# and their performance improved enormously. Communities began to keep 2156# mean time in preference to apparent time -- Geneva from 1780 .... 2157# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2158# From Whitman (who writes ``Midnight?''): 2159Rule Swiss 1940 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S 2160Rule Swiss 1940 only - Dec 31 0:00 0 - 2161# From Shanks: 2162Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 2163Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 2164# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2165Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1848 Sep 12 2166 0:29:44 - BMT 1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time 2167 1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981 2168 1:00 EU CE%sT 2169 2170# Turkey 2171# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2172Rule Turkey 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 2173Rule Turkey 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2174Rule Turkey 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S 2175Rule Turkey 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 - 2176Rule Turkey 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 2177Rule Turkey 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 2178Rule Turkey 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 2179Rule Turkey 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 2180# Whitman gives 1923 Apr 28 - Sep 16 and no DST in 1924-1925; go with Shanks. 2181Rule Turkey 1924 only - May 13 0:00 1:00 S 2182Rule Turkey 1924 1925 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2183Rule Turkey 1925 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 2184Rule Turkey 1940 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 S 2185Rule Turkey 1940 only - Oct 5 0:00 0 - 2186Rule Turkey 1940 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S 2187Rule Turkey 1941 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 2188Rule Turkey 1942 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2189# Whitman omits the next two transition and gives 1945 Oct 1; go with Shanks. 2190Rule Turkey 1942 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 2191Rule Turkey 1945 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 S 2192Rule Turkey 1945 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 2193Rule Turkey 1946 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 2194Rule Turkey 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2195Rule Turkey 1947 1948 - Apr Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S 2196Rule Turkey 1947 1950 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 - 2197Rule Turkey 1949 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S 2198Rule Turkey 1950 only - Apr 19 0:00 1:00 S 2199Rule Turkey 1951 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S 2200Rule Turkey 1951 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 2201Rule Turkey 1962 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S 2202Rule Turkey 1962 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 2203Rule Turkey 1964 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 2204Rule Turkey 1964 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2205Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - May Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 S 2206Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 - 2207Rule Turkey 1973 only - Jun 3 1:00 1:00 S 2208Rule Turkey 1973 only - Nov 4 3:00 0 - 2209Rule Turkey 1974 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S 2210Rule Turkey 1974 only - Nov 3 5:00 0 - 2211Rule Turkey 1975 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S 2212Rule Turkey 1975 1976 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 2213Rule Turkey 1976 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 2214Rule Turkey 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 2215Rule Turkey 1977 only - Oct 16 0:00 0 - 2216Rule Turkey 1979 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 3:00 1:00 S 2217Rule Turkey 1979 1982 - Oct Mon>=11 0:00 0 - 2218Rule Turkey 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 3:00 1:00 S 2219Rule Turkey 1983 only - Jul 31 0:00 1:00 S 2220Rule Turkey 1983 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 2221Rule Turkey 1985 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 S 2222Rule Turkey 1985 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 2223# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2224Zone Europe/Istanbul 1:55:52 - LMT 1880 2225 1:56:56 - IMT 1910 Oct # Istanbul Mean Time? 2226 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1978 Oct 15 2227 3:00 Turkey TR%sT 1985 Apr 20 # Turkey Time 2228 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1986 2229 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 2230 2:00 EU EE%sT 2231Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents. 2232 2233# Ukraine
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2234# 2235# From Igor Karpov, who works for the Ukranian Ministry of Justice, 2236# via Garrett Wollman (2003-01-27): 2237# BTW, I've found the official document on this matter. It's goverment 2238# regulations number 509, May 13, 1996. In my poor translation it says: 2239# "Time in Ukraine is set to second timezone (Kiev time). Each last Sunday 2240# of March at 3am the time is changing to 4am and each last Sunday of 2241# October the time at 4am is changing to 3am" 2242 |
2243# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2244# Most of Ukraine since 1970 has been like Kiev. 2245Zone Europe/Kiev 2:02:04 - LMT 1880 2246 2:02:04 - KMT 1924 May 2 # Kiev Mean Time 2247 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 2248 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 20 2249 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Nov 6 2250 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 2251 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 2252 2:00 - EET 1992 2253 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 2254 2:00 EU EE%sT 2255# Ruthenia used CET 1990/1991. 2256Zone Europe/Uzhgorod 1:29:12 - LMT 1890 Oct 2257 1:00 - CET 1940 2258 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 2259 1:00 1:00 CEST 1944 Oct 26 2260 1:00 - CET 1945 Jun 29 2261 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 2262 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 2263 1:00 - CET 1991 Mar 31 3:00 2264 2:00 - EET 1992 2265 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 2266 2:00 EU EE%sT 2267# Zaporozh'ye and eastern Lugansk oblasts observed DST 1990/1991. 2268# Zaporozh'ye has an apostrophe, but Posix file names can't have apostrophes. 2269Zone Europe/Zaporozhye 2:20:40 - LMT 1880 2270 2:20 - CUT 1924 May 2 # Central Ukraine T 2271 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 2272 3:00 - MSK 1941 Aug 25 2273 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Oct 25 2274 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00 2275 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 2276 2:00 EU EE%sT 2277# Central Crimea used Moscow time 1994/1997. 2278Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880 2279 2:16 - SMT 1924 May 2 # Simferopol Mean T 2280 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 2281 3:00 - MSK 1941 Nov 2282 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Apr 13 2283 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 2284 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 2285 2:00 - EET 1992 2286# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-11-12): 2287# The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that central Crimea switched 2288# from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections. 2289# Shanks says ``date of change uncertain'', but implies that it happened 2290# sometime between the 1994 DST switches. For now, guess it changed in May. 2291 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1994 May 2292# From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev. 2293 3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 Mar 31 3:00s 2294 3:00 1:00 MSD 1996 Oct 27 3:00s 2295# IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST. 2296# Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks. 2297 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1997 2298 3:00 - MSK 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u 2299 2:00 EU EE%sT 2300
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2252# Yugoslavia
2253# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2254Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884
2255 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
2256 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s
2257 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
2258# Metod Kozelj <metod.kozelj@rzs-hm.si> reports that the legal date of
2259# transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time.
2260# Shanks doesn't give as much detail, so go with Kozelj.
2261 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27
2262 1:00 EU CE%sT
2263Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana # Slovenia
2264Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Sarajevo # Bosnia and Herzegovina
2265Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Skopje # Macedonia
2266Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Zagreb # Croatia
2267
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2301############################################################################### 2302 2303# One source shows that Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, and Greece observe DST from 2304# the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in September in 1986. 2305# The source shows Romania changing a day later than everybody else. 2306# 2307# According to Bernard Sieloff's source, Poland is in the MET time zone but 2308# uses the WE DST rules. The Western USSR uses EET+1 and ME DST rules. 2309# Bernard Sieloff's source claims Romania switches on the same day, but at 2310# 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST). It also claims that Turkey 2311# switches on the same day, but switches on at 01:00 standard time 2312# and off at 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST) 2313 2314# ... 2315# Date: Wed, 28 Jan 87 16:56:27 -0100 2316# From: seismo!mcvax!cgcha!wtho (Tom Hofmann) 2317# Message-Id: <8701281556.AA22174@cgcha.uucp> 2318# ... 2319# 2320# ...the European time rules are...standardized since 1981, when 2321# most European coun[tr]ies started DST. Before that year, only 2322# a few countries (UK, France, Italy) had DST, each according 2323# to own national rules. In 1981, however, DST started on 2324# 'Apr firstSun', and not on 'Mar lastSun' as in the following 2325# years... 2326# But also since 1981 there are some more national exceptions 2327# than listed in 'europe': Switzerland, for example, joined DST 2328# one year later, Denmark ended DST on 'Oct 1' instead of 'Sep 2329# lastSun' in 1981---I don't know how they handle now. 2330# 2331# Finally, DST ist always from 'Apr 1' to 'Oct 1' in the 2332# Soviet Union (as far as I know). 2333# 2334# Tom Hofmann, Scientific Computer Center, CIBA-GEIGY AG, 2335# 4002 Basle, Switzerland 2336# UUCP: ...!mcvax!cernvax!cgcha!wtho 2337 2338# ... 2339# Date: Wed, 4 Feb 87 22:35:22 +0100 2340# From: seismo!mcvax!cwi.nl!dik (Dik T. Winter) 2341# ... 2342# 2343# The information from Tom Hofmann is (as far as I know) not entirely correct. 2344# After a request from chongo at amdahl I tried to retrieve all information 2345# about DST in Europe. I was able to find all from about 1969. 2346# 2347# ...standardization on DST in Europe started in about 1977 with switches on 2348# first Sunday in April and last Sunday in September... 2349# In 1981 UK joined Europe insofar that 2350# the starting day for both shifted to last Sunday in March. And from 1982 2351# the whole of Europe used DST, with switch dates April 1 and October 1 in 2352# the Sov[i]et Union. In 1985 the SU reverted to standard Europe[a]n switch 2353# dates... 2354# 2355# It should also be remembered that time-zones are not constants; e.g. 2356# Portugal switched in 1976 from MET (or CET) to WET with DST... 2357# Note also that though there were rules for switch dates not 2358# all countries abided to these dates, and many individual deviations 2359# occurred, though not since 1982 I believe. Another note: it is always 2360# assumed that DST is 1 hour ahead of normal time, this need not be the 2361# case; at least in the Netherlands there have been times when DST was 2 hours 2362# in advance of normal time. 2363# 2364# ... 2365# dik t. winter, cwi, amsterdam, nederland 2366# INTERNET : dik@cwi.nl 2367# BITNET/EARN: dik@mcvax 2368 2369# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28): 2370# ... 2371# Greece: Last Sunday in April to last Sunday in September (iffy on dates). 2372# Since 1978. Change at midnight. 2373# ... 2374# Monaco: has same DST as France. 2375# ...
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