1# @(#)europe 7.74
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1# @(#)europe 7.78 |
2
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3# $FreeBSD: head/share/zoneinfo/europe 67578 2000-10-25 19:36:49Z wollman $
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3# $FreeBSD: head/share/zoneinfo/europe 75267 2001-04-06 16:46:52Z wollman $ |
4 5# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 6# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 7# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). 8 9# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-10-29): 10# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 11# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition), 12# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999). 13# 14# Gwillim Law <Gwil_Law@bridge-point.com> writes that a good source 15# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 16# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 17# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 18# of the IATA's data after 1990. 19# 20# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1991, 21# and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 22# 23# Other sources occasionally used include: 24# 25# Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 26# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), 27# which I found in the UCLA library. 28# 29# Brazil's Departamento Servico da Hora (DSH), 30# <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HISTHV.htm"> 31# History of Summer Time 32# </a> (1998-09-21, in Portuguese) 33 34# 35# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; 36# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 37# Corrections are welcome! 38# std dst 39# LMT Local Mean Time 40# -4:00 AST Atlantic 41# -3:00 WGT WGST Western Greenland* 42# -1:00 EGT EGST Eastern Greenland* 43# 0:00 GMT BST Greenwich, British Summer 44# 0:00 GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer 45# 0:00 WET WEST Western Europe 46# 1:00 CET CEST Central Europe 47# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe 48# 3:00 MSK MSD Moscow 49# 50# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones, especially in Britain, 51# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 52 53# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-12-04), 54# The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy, 55# Luxembourg, the Netherlands. 56# Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom. 57# Plus, from 1 Jan 81: Greece. 58# Plus, from 1 Jan 86: Spain, Portugal. 59# Plus, from 1 Jan 95: Austria, Finland, Sweden. (Norway negotiated terms for 60# entry but in a referendum on 28 Nov 94 the people voted No by 52.2% to 47.8% 61# on a turnout of 88.6%. This was almost the same result as Norway's previous 62# referendum in 1972, they are the only country to have said No twice. 63# Referendums in the other three countries voted Yes.) 64# ... 65# Estonia ... uses EU dates but not at 01:00 GMT, they use midnight GMT. 66# I don't think they know yet what they will do from 1996 onwards. 67# ... 68# There shouldn't be any [current members who are not using EU rules]. 69# A Directive has the force of law, member states are obliged to enact 70# national law to implement it. The only contentious issue was the 71# different end date for the UK and Ireland, and this was always allowed 72# in the Directive. 73 74 75############################################################################### 76 77# Britain (United Kingdom) and Ireland (Eire) 78 79# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-07-06): 80# 81# On 17 Jan 1994 the Independent, a UK quality newspaper, had a piece about 82# historical vistas along the Thames in west London. There was a photo 83# and a sketch map showing some of the sightlines involved. One paragraph 84# of the text said: 85# 86# `An old stone obelisk marking a forgotten terrestrial meridian stands 87# beside the river at Kew. In the 18th century, before time and longitude 88# was standardised by the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, scholars observed 89# this stone and the movement of stars from Kew Observatory nearby. They 90# made their calculations and set the time for the Horse Guards and Parliament, 91# but now the stone is obscured by scrubwood and can only be seen by walking 92# along the towpath within a few yards of it.' 93# 94# I have a one inch to one mile map of London and my estimate of the stone's 95# position is 51 deg. 28' 30" N, 0 deg. 18' 45" W. The longitude should 96# be within about +-2". The Ordnance Survey grid reference is TQ172761. 97# 98# [This yields GMTOFF = -0:01:15 for London LMT in the 18th century.] 99 100# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1993-11-18): 101# 102# Howse writes that Britain was the first country to use standard time. 103# The railways cared most about the inconsistencies of local mean time, 104# and it was they who forced a uniform time on the country. 105# The original idea was credited to Dr. William Hyde Wollaston (1766-1828) 106# and was popularized by Abraham Follett Osler (1808-1903). 107# The first railway to adopt London time was the Great Western Railway 108# in November 1840; other railways followed suit, and by 1847 most 109# (though not all) railways used London time. On 1847-09-22 the 110# Railway Clearing House, an industry standards body, recommended that GMT be 111# adopted at all stations as soon as the General Post Office permitted it. 112# The transition occurred on 12-01 for the L&NW, the Caledonian, 113# and presumably other railways; the January 1848 Bradshaw's lists many 114# railways as using GMT. By 1855 the vast majority of public 115# clocks in Britain were set to GMT (though some, like the great clock 116# on Tom Tower at Christ Church, Oxford, were fitted with two minute hands, 117# one for local time and one for GMT). The last major holdout was the legal 118# system, which stubbornly stuck to local time for many years, leading 119# to oddities like polls opening at 08:13 and closing at 16:13. 120# The legal system finally switched to GMT when the Statutes (Definition 121# of Time) Act took effect; it received the Royal Assent on 1880-08-02. 122# 123# In the tables below, we condense this complicated story into a single 124# transition date for London, namely 1847-12-01. We don't know as much 125# about Dublin, so we use 1880-08-02, the legal transition time. 126 127# From Paul Eggert (1999-01-30): 128# Summer Time was first seriously proposed by William Willett (1857-1915), 129# a London builder and member of the Royal Astronomical Society 130# who circulated a pamphlet ``The Waste of Daylight'' (1907) 131# that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April, 132# and retarding them by the same amount on four Sundays in September. 133# A bill was drafted in 1909 and introduced in Parliament several times, 134# but it met with ridicule and opposition, especially from farming interests. 135# One-hour Summer Time was eventually adopted as a wartime measure in 1916. 136# See: 137# <a href="http://www.the-times.co.uk/news/pages/tim/2000/05/18/x-timcrtcrt01011.html"> 138# Summer Time Arrives Early, The Times (2000-05-18) 139# </a>
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140# A monument was erected in 1927 to Willett, in an open space in a 45-acre wood 141# near Chiselhurst, Kent that was purchased by popular subscription and open 142# to the public. |
143 144# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): 145# The OED Supplement says that the English originally said ``Daylight Saving'' 146# when they were debating the adoption of DST in 1908; but by 1916 this 147# term appears only in quotes taken from DST's opponents, whereas the 148# proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using ``Summer''. 149 150# From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-19): 151# 152# A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's 153# known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom. 154 155# Date: 4 Jan 89 08:57:25 GMT (Wed) 156# From: Jonathan Leffler <nih-csl!uunet!mcvax!sphinx.co.uk!john> 157# [British Summer Time] is fixed annually by Act of Parliament. 158# If you can predict what Parliament will do, you should be in 159# politics making a fortune, not computing. 160 161# From Chris Carrier <72157.3334@CompuServe.COM> (1996-06-14): 162# I remember reading in various wartime issues of the London Times the 163# acronym BDST for British Double Summer Time. Look for the published 164# time of sunrise and sunset in The Times, when BDST was in effect, and 165# if you find a zone reference it will say, "All times B.D.S.T." 166 167# From Joseph S. Myers (1999-09-02): 168# ... some military cables (WO 219/4100 - this is a copy from the 169# main SHAEF archives held in the US National Archives, SHAEF/5252/8/516) 170# agree that the usage is BDST (this appears in a message dated 17 Feb 1945). 171
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169# From Joseph S. Meyers (2000-08-10):
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172# From Joseph S. Myers (2000-10-03): |
173# On 18th April 1941, Sir Stephen Tallents of the BBC wrote to Sir 174# Alexander Maxwell of the Home Office asking whether there was any 175# official designation; the reply of the 21st was that there wasn't 176# but he couldn't think of anything better than the "Double British 177# Summer Time" that the BBC had been using informally.
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175# I've put a copy of the Home Office letter at
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178# http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/bbc-19410418.png |
179# http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/ho-19410421.png
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177# and the BBC letter may follow if I get permission from the BBC.
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180 181# From Sir Alexander Maxwell in the above-mentioned letter (1941-04-21): 182# [N]o official designation has as far as I know been adopted for the time 183# which is to be introduced in May.... 184# I cannot think of anything better than "Double British Summer Time" 185# which could not be said to run counter to any official description. 186 187# From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02): 188# Howse writes (p 157) `DBST' too, but `BDST' seems to have been common 189# and follows the more usual convention of putting the location name first, 190# so we use `BDST'. 191 192# Peter Ilieve <peter@aldie.co.uk> (1998-04-19) described at length 193# the history of summer time legislation in the United Kingdom. 194# Since 1998 Joseph S. Myers <jsm28@cam.ac.uk> has been updating 195# and extending this list, which can be found in 196# <a href="http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/"> 197# History of legal time in Britain 198# </a> (2000-02-12). 199 200# From Joseph S. Myers <jsm28@cam.ac.uk> (1998-01-06): 201# 202# The legal time in the UK outside of summer time is definitely GMT, not UTC; 203# see Lord Tanlaw's speech 204# <a href="http://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/ld199697/ldhansrd/pdvn/lds97/text/70611-20.htm#70611-20_head0"> 205# (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976) 206# </a>. 207 208# From Paul Eggert (2000-02-17): 209# 210# For lack of other data, we'll follow Shanks for Eire in 1940-1948. 211# 212# Given Ilieve and Myers's data, the following claims by Shanks are incorrect: 213# * Wales did not switch from GMT to daylight saving time until 214# 1921 Apr 3, when they began to conform with the rest of Great Britain. 215# Actually, Wales was identical after 1880. 216# * Eire had two transitions on 1916 Oct 1. 217# It actually just had one transition. 218# * Northern Ireland used single daylight saving time throughout WW II. 219# Actually, it conformed to Britain. 220# * GB-Eire changed standard time to 1 hour ahead of GMT on 1968-02-18. 221# Actually, that date saw the usual switch to summer time. 222# Standard time was not changed until 1968-10-27 (the clocks didn't change). 223#
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222# Here is another incorrect claim by Shanks:
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224# Here is another incorrect claim by Shanks: |
225# * Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man did not switch from GMT 226# to daylight saving time until 1921 Apr 3, when they began to 227# conform with Great Britain. 228# S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382 and HO 45/10811/312364 (quoted above) say otherwise. 229# 230# The following claim by Shanks is possible though doubtful; 231# we'll ignore it for now. 232# * Dublin's 1971-10-31 switch was at 02:00, even though London's was 03:00. 233# 234# 235# Whitman says Dublin Mean Time was -0:25:21, which is more precise than Shanks. 236 237# From Paul Eggert (1999-03-28): 238# Clive Feather (<news:859845706.26043.0@office.demon.net>, 1997-03-31) 239# reports that Folkestone (Cheriton) Shuttle Terminal uses Concession Time 240# (CT), equivalent to French civil time. 241# Julian Hill (<news:36118128.5A14@virgin.net>, 1998-09-30) reports that 242# trains between Dollands Moor (the freight facility next door) 243# and Frethun run in CT. 244# My admittedly uninformed guess is that the terminal has two authorities, 245# the French concession operators and the British civil authorities, 246# and that the time depends on who you're talking to. 247# If, say, the British police were called to the station for some reason, 248# I would expect the official police report to use GMT/BST and not CET/CEST. 249# This is a borderline case, but for now let's stick to GMT/BST. 250 251# From an anonymous contributor (1996-06-02): 252# The law governing time in Ireland is under Statutory Instrument SI 395/94, 253# which gives force to European Union 7th Council Directive # 94/21/EC. 254# Under this directive, the Minister for Justice in Ireland makes appropriate 255# regulations. I spoke this morning with the Secretary of the Department of 256# Justice (tel +353 1 678 9711) who confirmed to me that the correct name is 257# "Irish Summer Time", abbreviated to "IST". 258 259# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 260# Summer Time Act, 1916 261Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - May 21 2:00s 1:00 BST 262Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 GMT 263# S.R.&O. 1917, No. 358 264Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 BST 265Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 GMT 266# S.R.&O. 1918, No. 274 267Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Mar 24 2:00s 1:00 BST 268Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Sep 30 2:00s 0 GMT 269# S.R.&O. 1919, No. 297 270Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 BST 271Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Sep 29 2:00s 0 GMT 272# S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458 273Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Mar 28 2:00s 1:00 BST 274# S.R.&O. 1920, No. 1844 275Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Oct 25 2:00s 0 GMT 276# S.R.&O. 1921, No. 363 277Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST 278Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 GMT 279# S.R.&O. 1922, No. 264 280Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 BST 281Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Oct 8 2:00s 0 GMT 282# The Summer Time Act, 1922 283Rule GB-Eire 1923 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 284Rule GB-Eire 1923 1924 - Sep Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT 285Rule GB-Eire 1924 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 286Rule GB-Eire 1925 1926 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 287# The Summer Time Act, 1925 288Rule GB-Eire 1925 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT 289Rule GB-Eire 1927 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 290Rule GB-Eire 1928 1929 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 291Rule GB-Eire 1930 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 292Rule GB-Eire 1931 1932 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 293Rule GB-Eire 1933 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 294Rule GB-Eire 1934 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 295Rule GB-Eire 1935 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 296Rule GB-Eire 1936 1937 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 297Rule GB-Eire 1938 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 298Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 299# S.R.&O. 1939, No. 1379 300Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Nov Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT 301# S.R.&O. 1940, No. 172 and No. 1883 302Rule GB-Eire 1940 only - Feb Sun>=23 2:00s 1:00 BST 303# S.R.&O. 1941, No. 476 304Rule GB-Eire 1941 only - May Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST 305Rule GB-Eire 1941 1943 - Aug Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST 306# S.R.&O. 1942, No. 506 307Rule GB-Eire 1942 1944 - Apr Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST 308# S.R.&O. 1944, No. 932 309Rule GB-Eire 1944 only - Sep Sun>=16 1:00s 1:00 BST 310# S.R.&O. 1945, No. 312 311Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Apr Mon>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST 312Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Jul Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST 313# S.R.&O. 1945, No. 1208 314Rule GB-Eire 1945 1946 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT 315Rule GB-Eire 1946 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 316# The Summer Time Act, 1947 317Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Mar 16 2:00s 1:00 BST 318Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Apr 13 1:00s 2:00 BDST 319Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Aug 10 1:00s 1:00 BST 320Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 GMT 321# Summer Time Order, 1948 (S.I. 1948/495) 322Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Mar 14 2:00s 1:00 BST 323Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Oct 31 2:00s 0 GMT 324# Summer Time Order, 1949 (S.I. 1949/373) 325Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST 326Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Oct 30 2:00s 0 GMT 327# Summer Time Order, 1950 (S.I. 1950/518) 328# Summer Time Order, 1951 (S.I. 1951/430) 329# Summer Time Order, 1952 (S.I. 1952/451) 330Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Apr Sun>=14 2:00s 1:00 BST 331Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00s 0 GMT 332# revert to the rules of the Summer Time Act, 1925 333Rule GB-Eire 1953 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 334Rule GB-Eire 1953 1960 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT 335Rule GB-Eire 1954 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 336Rule GB-Eire 1955 1956 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 337Rule GB-Eire 1957 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 338Rule GB-Eire 1958 1959 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 339Rule GB-Eire 1960 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 340# Summer Time Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/71) 341# Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/2465) 342# Summer Time Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/81) 343Rule GB-Eire 1961 1963 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 BST 344Rule GB-Eire 1961 1968 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT 345# Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/2101) 346# Summer Time Order, 1964 (S.I. 1964/1201) 347# Summer Time Order, 1967 (S.I. 1967/1148) 348Rule GB-Eire 1964 1967 - Mar Sun>=19 2:00s 1:00 BST 349# Summer Time Order, 1968 (S.I. 1968/117) 350Rule GB-Eire 1968 only - Feb 18 2:00s 1:00 BST 351# The British Standard Time Act, 1968 352# (no summer time) 353# The Summer Time Act, 1972 354Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 355Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT 356# Summer Time Order, 1980 (S.I. 1980/1089) 357# Summer Time Order, 1982 (S.I. 1982/1673) 358# Summer Time Order, 1986 (S.I. 1986/223) 359# Summer Time Order, 1988 (S.I. 1988/931) 360Rule GB-Eire 1981 1995 - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 BST 361Rule GB-Eire 1981 1989 - Oct Sun>=23 1:00u 0 GMT 362# Summer Time Order, 1989 (S.I. 1989/985) 363# Summer Time Order, 1992 (S.I. 1992/1729) 364# Summer Time Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2798) 365Rule GB-Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u 0 GMT 366# Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982) 367# See EU for rules starting in 1996. 368 369# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 370Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Dec 1 371 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27 372 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 373 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996 374 0:00 EU GMT/BST 375Zone Europe/Belfast -0:23:40 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 376 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 # Dublin MT 377 -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s # Irish Summer Time 378 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27 379 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 380 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996 381 0:00 EU GMT/BST 382Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:21 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 383 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 # Dublin MT 384 -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s 385 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1921 Dec 6 # independence 386 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1940 Feb 25 2:00 387 0:00 1:00 IST 1946 Oct 6 2:00 388 0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00 389 0:00 1:00 IST 1947 Nov 2 2:00 390 0:00 - GMT 1948 Apr 18 2:00 391 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1968 Oct 27 392 1:00 - IST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 393 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1996 394 0:00 EU GMT/IST 395 396############################################################################### 397 398# Continental Europe 399 400# EU rules are for the European Union, previously known as the EC, EEC, 401# Common Market, etc. 402 403# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 404Rule EU 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00u 1:00 S 405Rule EU 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - 406Rule EU 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00u 0 - 407Rule EU 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - 408Rule EU 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S 409Rule EU 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 -
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410# The most recent directive covers the years starting in 2002. See: 411# <a href="http://europa.eu.int/eur-lex/en/lif/dat/2000/en_300L0084.html" 412# Directive 2000/84/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council 413# of 19 January 2001 on summer-time arrangements. 414# </a> |
415 416# W-Eur differs from EU only in that W-Eur uses standard time. 417Rule W-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S 418Rule W-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 419Rule W-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00s 0 - 420Rule W-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 421Rule W-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 422Rule W-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 - 423 424# Older C-Eur rules are for convenience in the tables. 425# From 1977 on, C-Eur differs from EU only in that C-Eur uses standard time. 426Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S 427Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 428Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S 429Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 - 430Rule C-Eur 1940 only - Apr 1 2:00s 1:00 S 431Rule C-Eur 1942 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 - 432Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00s 1:00 S 433Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00s 0 - 434Rule C-Eur 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S 435# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 7; go with Shanks. 436Rule C-Eur 1944 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 - 437Rule C-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 438Rule C-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 439Rule C-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - 440Rule C-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 441Rule C-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 442Rule C-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 443 444# E-Eur differs from EU only in that E-Eur switches at midnight local time. 445Rule E-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 446Rule E-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 447Rule E-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 448Rule E-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 449Rule E-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 450Rule E-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 451 452# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 453Rule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 MST # Moscow Summer Time 454Rule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 MMT # Moscow Mean Time 455Rule Russia 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 MDST # Moscow Double Summer Time 456Rule Russia 1918 only - Sep 16 1:00 1:00 MST 457Rule Russia 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 MDST 458Rule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 S 459Rule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 - 460Rule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S 461Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 M # Midsummer 462Rule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 S 463Rule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 464# Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1980-10-24): 465Rule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 466Rule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 467# Act No.967 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1984-09-13), repeated in 468# Act No.227 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1989-03-14): 469Rule Russia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 470Rule Russia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 471# 472Rule Russia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S 473Rule Russia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 - 474Rule Russia 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 475Rule Russia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 476Rule Russia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 477 478# These are for backward compatibility with older versions. 479 480# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 481Zone WET 0:00 EU WE%sT 482Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 483Zone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT 484Zone EET 2:00 EU EE%sT 485 486# Previous editions of this database used abbreviations like MET DST 487# for Central European Summer Time, but this didn't agree with common usage. 488 489# From Markus Kuhn <mskuhn@unrza3.dialin.rrze.uni-erlangen.de> (1996-07-12): 490# The official German names ... are 491# 492# Mitteleuropaeische Zeit (MEZ) = UTC+01:00 493# Mitteleuropaeische Sommerzeit (MESZ) = UTC+02:00 494# 495# as defined in the German Time Act (Gesetz ueber die Zeitbestimmung (ZeitG), 496# 1978-07-25, Bundesgesetzblatt, Jahrgang 1978, Teil I, S. 1110-1111).... 497# I wrote ... to the German Federal Physical-Technical Institution 498# 499# Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) 500# Laboratorium 4.41 "Zeiteinheit" 501# Postfach 3345 502# D-38023 Braunschweig 503# phone: +49 531 592-0 504# 505# ... I received today an answer letter from Dr. Peter Hetzel, head of the PTB 506# department for time and frequency transmission. He explained that the 507# PTB translates MEZ and MESZ into English as 508# 509# Central European Time (CET) = UTC+01:00 510# Central European Summer Time (CEST) = UTC+02:00 511 512 513# Albania 514# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 515Rule Albania 1940 only - Jun 16 0:00 1:00 S 516Rule Albania 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 517Rule Albania 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S 518Rule Albania 1943 only - Apr 10 3:00 0 - 519Rule Albania 1974 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 S 520Rule Albania 1974 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 521Rule Albania 1975 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 522Rule Albania 1975 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 523Rule Albania 1976 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S 524Rule Albania 1976 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 525Rule Albania 1977 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S 526Rule Albania 1977 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 527Rule Albania 1978 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S 528Rule Albania 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 529Rule Albania 1979 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 S 530Rule Albania 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 531Rule Albania 1980 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 S 532Rule Albania 1980 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 533Rule Albania 1981 only - Apr 26 0:00 1:00 S 534Rule Albania 1981 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 - 535Rule Albania 1982 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S 536Rule Albania 1982 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 537Rule Albania 1983 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 S 538Rule Albania 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 539Rule Albania 1984 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 540# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 541Zone Europe/Tirane 1:19:20 - LMT 1914 542 1:00 - CET 1940 Jun 16 543 1:00 Albania CE%sT 1984 Jul 544 1:00 EU CE%sT 545 546# Andorra 547# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 548Zone Europe/Andorra 0:06:04 - LMT 1901 549 0:00 - WET 1946 Sep 30 550 1:00 - CET 1985 Mar 31 2:00 551 1:00 EU CE%sT 552 553# Austria 554# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 555Rule Austria 1920 only - Apr 5 2:00s 1:00 S 556Rule Austria 1920 only - Sep 13 2:00s 0 - 557Rule Austria 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 558Rule Austria 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - 559Rule Austria 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S 560Rule Austria 1946 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 561Rule Austria 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S 562Rule Austria 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 563# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 564Zone Europe/Vienna 1:05:20 - LMT 1893 Apr 565 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Jun 16 3:00 566 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1940 Apr 1 2:00 567 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 568 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1981 569 1:00 EU CE%sT 570 571# Belarus 572# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 573Zone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880 574 1:50 - MMT 1924 May 2 # Minsk Mean Time 575 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 576 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 28 577 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul 3 578 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 579 3:00 - MSK 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 580 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 581 2:00 - EET 1992 Mar 29 0:00s 582 2:00 1:00 EEST 1992 Sep 27 0:00s 583 2:00 Russia EE%sT 584 585# Belgium 586# 587# From Paul Eggert (1997-07-02): 588# Entries from 1918 through 1991 are taken from: 589# Annuaire de L'Observatoire Royal de Belgique, 590# Avenue Circulaire, 3, B-1180 BRUXELLES, CLVIIe annee, 1991 591# (Imprimerie HAYEZ, s.p.r.l., Rue Fin, 4, 1080 BRUXELLES, MCMXC), 592# pp 8-9. 593# LMT before 1892 was 0:17:30, according to the official journal of Belgium: 594# Moniteur Belge, Samedi 30 Avril 1892, N.121. 595# Thanks to Pascal Delmoitie <pascal@belnet.be> for these references. 596# The 1918 rules are listed for completeness; they apply to unoccupied Belgium. 597# Assume Brussels switched to WET in 1918 when the armistice took effect.
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591#
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598# |
599# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 600Rule Belgium 1918 only - Mar 9 0:00s 1:00 S 601Rule Belgium 1918 1919 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 602Rule Belgium 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 603Rule Belgium 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 604Rule Belgium 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 605Rule Belgium 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 606Rule Belgium 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 - 607Rule Belgium 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S 608Rule Belgium 1922 1927 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 609Rule Belgium 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00s 1:00 S 610Rule Belgium 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S 611Rule Belgium 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S 612# DSH writes that a royal decree of 1926-02-22 specified the Sun following 3rd 613# Sat in Apr (except if it's Easter, in which case it's one Sunday earlier), 614# to Sun following 1st Sat in Oct, and that a royal decree of 1928-09-15 615# changed the transition times to 02:00 GMT. 616Rule Belgium 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 617Rule Belgium 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 618Rule Belgium 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 619Rule Belgium 1928 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 - 620Rule Belgium 1929 only - Apr 21 2:00s 1:00 S 621Rule Belgium 1930 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 S 622Rule Belgium 1931 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S 623Rule Belgium 1932 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S 624Rule Belgium 1933 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 S 625Rule Belgium 1934 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S 626Rule Belgium 1935 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S 627Rule Belgium 1936 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S 628Rule Belgium 1937 only - Apr 4 2:00s 1:00 S 629Rule Belgium 1938 only - Mar 27 2:00s 1:00 S 630Rule Belgium 1939 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 S 631Rule Belgium 1939 only - Nov 19 2:00s 0 - 632Rule Belgium 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00s 1:00 S 633Rule Belgium 1944 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 - 634Rule Belgium 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 635Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 636Rule Belgium 1946 only - May 19 2:00s 1:00 S 637Rule Belgium 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - 638# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 639Zone Europe/Brussels 0:17:30 - LMT 1880 640 0:17:30 - BMT 1892 May 1 12:00 # Brussels MT 641 0:00 - WET 1914 Nov 8 642 1:00 - CET 1916 May 1 0:00 643 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Nov 11 11:00u 644 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 20 2:00s 645 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 3 646 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977 647 1:00 EU CE%sT 648 649# Bosnia and Herzegovina 650# see Yugoslavia 651 652# Bulgaria 653# 654# From Plamen Simenov <P.Simeonov@cnsys.bg> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 655# A document of Government of Bulgaria (No.94/1997) says: 656# EET --> EETDST is in 03:00 Local time in last Sunday of March ... 657# EETDST --> EET is in 04:00 Local time in last Sunday of October 658# 659# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 660Rule Bulg 1979 only - Mar 31 23:00 1:00 S 661Rule Bulg 1979 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 662Rule Bulg 1980 1982 - Apr Sat<=7 23:00 1:00 S 663Rule Bulg 1980 only - Sep 29 1:00 0 - 664Rule Bulg 1981 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 - 665# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 666Zone Europe/Sofia 1:33:16 - LMT 1880 667 1:56:56 - IMT 1894 Nov 30 # Istanbul MT? 668 2:00 - EET 1942 Nov 2 3:00 669 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 3:00 670 2:00 - EET 1979 Mar 31 23:00 671 2:00 Bulg EE%sT 1982 Sep 26 2:00 672 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 673 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 674 2:00 EU EE%sT 675 676# Croatia 677# see Yugosloavia 678 679# Czech Republic 680# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 681Rule Czech 1945 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S 682Rule Czech 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - 683Rule Czech 1946 only - May 6 2:00s 1:00 S 684Rule Czech 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 685Rule Czech 1947 only - Apr 20 2:00s 1:00 S 686Rule Czech 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 687Rule Czech 1949 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 S 688# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 689Zone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850 690 0:57:44 - PMT 1891 Oct # Prague Mean Time 691 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 17 2:00s 692 1:00 Czech CE%sT 1979 693 1:00 EU CE%sT 694 695# Denmark, Faeroe Islands, and Greenland 696# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 697Rule Denmark 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S 698Rule Denmark 1916 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 - 699Rule Denmark 1940 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 700Rule Denmark 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 701Rule Denmark 1945 only - Aug 15 2:00s 0 - 702Rule Denmark 1946 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 S 703Rule Denmark 1946 only - Sep 1 2:00s 0 - 704Rule Denmark 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S 705Rule Denmark 1947 only - Aug 10 2:00s 0 - 706Rule Denmark 1948 only - May 9 2:00s 1:00 S 707Rule Denmark 1948 only - Aug 8 2:00s 0 - 708# Whitman also gives 1949 Apr 9 to 1949 Oct 1, and disagrees in minor ways 709# about many of the above dates; go with Shanks. 710# 711# For 1894, Shanks says Jan, Whitman Apr; go with Whitman. 712# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 713Zone Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890 714 0:50:20 - CMT 1894 Apr # Copenhagen Mean Time 715 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s 716 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 717 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1980 718 1:00 EU CE%sT 719Zone Atlantic/Faeroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # Torshavn 720 0:00 - WET 1981 721 0:00 EU WE%sT 722# 723# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 724# Greenland joined the EU as part of Denmark, obtained home rule on 1979-05-01, 725# and left the EU on 1985-02-01. It therefore should have been using EU 726# rules at least through 1984. Shanks says Scoresbysund and Godthab 727# used C-Eur rules after 1980, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says they use EU 728# rules since at least 1991. Assume EU rules since 1980. 729 730# 731# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 732Rule Thule 1993 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 733Rule Thule 1993 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S 734# 735# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 736Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:29:00 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormiit 737 -2:00 - CGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 738 -2:00 C-Eur CG%sT 1981 Mar 29 739 -1:00 EU EG%sT 740Zone America/Godthab -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Nuuk 741 -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 742 -3:00 EU WG%sT 743Zone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik air base 744 -4:00 Thule A%sT 745 746# Estonia 747# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-10-15): 748# A relative in Tallinn confirms the accuracy of the data for 1989 onwards 749# [through 1994] and gives the legal authority for it, 750# a regulation of the Government of Estonia, No. 111 of 1989.... 751# 752# From Peter Ilieve <peter@aldie.co.uk> (1996-10-28): 753# [IATA SSIM (1992/1996) claims that the Baltic republics switch at 01:00s, 754# but a relative confirms that Estonia still switches at 02:00s, writing:] 755# ``I do not [know] exactly but there are some little different 756# (confusing) rules for International Air and Railway Transport Schedules 757# conversion in Sunday connected with end of summer time in Estonia.... 758# A discussion is running about the summer time efficiency and effect on 759# human physiology. It seems that Estonia maybe will not change to 760# summer time next spring.'' 761 762# From Peter Ilieve <peter@aldie.co.uk> (1998-11-04), heavily edited: 763# <a href="http://trip.rk.ee/cgi-bin/thw?${BASE}=akt&${OOHTML}=rtd&TA=1998&TO=1&AN=1390"> 764# The 1998-09-22 Estonian time law 765# </a> 766# refers to the Eighth Directive and cites the association agreement between 767# the EU and Estonia, ratified by the Estonian law (RT II 1995, 22--27, 120). 768# 769# I also asked [my relative] whether they use any standard abbreviation 770# for their standard and summer times. He says no, they use "suveaeg" 771# (summer time) and "talveaeg" (winter time). 772 773# From <a href="http://www.baltictimes.com/">The Baltic Times</a> (1999-09-09) 774# via Steffen Thorsen: 775# This year will mark the last time Estonia shifts to summer time, 776# a council of the ruling coalition announced Sept. 6.... 777# But what this could mean for Estonia's chances of joining the European 778# Union are still unclear. In 1994, the EU declared summer time compulsory 779# for all member states until 2001. Brussels has yet to decide what to do
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773# after that.
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780# after that. |
781 782# From Mart Oruaas (2000-01-29): 783# Regulation no. 301 (1999-10-12) obsoletes previous regulation 784# no. 206 (1998-09-22) and thus sticks Estonia to +02:00 GMT for all 785# the year round. The regulation is effective 1999-11-01. 786 787# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 788Zone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880 789 1:39:00 - TMT 1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time 790 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1919 Jul 791 1:39:00 - TMT 1921 May 792 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 6 793 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 15 794 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 22 795 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 796 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep 24 2:00s 797 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 Sep 22 798 2:00 EU EE%sT 1999 Nov 1 799 2:00 - EET 800 801# Finland 802# 803# From Hannu Strang <chs@apu.fi> (25 Sep 1994 06:03:37 UTC): 804# Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one, 805# and it's supposed to change at 4am... 806# 807# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (25 Sep 1994): 808# Shanks says Finland has switched at 02:00 standard time since 1981. 809# Go with Strang instead. 810# 811# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 812Rule Finland 1942 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 813Rule Finland 1942 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 814# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 815Zone Europe/Helsinki 1:39:52 - LMT 1878 May 31 816 1:39:52 - HMT 1921 May # Helsinki Mean Time 817 2:00 Finland EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00 818 2:00 EU EE%sT 819 820# France
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821 822# From Ciro Discepolo (2000-12-20): |
823#
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824# Henri Le Corre, Regimes Horaires pour le monde entier, Editions 825# Traditionnelles - Paris 2 books, 1993 826# 827# Gabriel, Traite de l'heure dans le monde, Guy Tredaniel editeur, 828# Paris, 1991 829# 830# Francoise Gauquelin, Problemes de l'heure resolus en astrologie, 831# Guy tredaniel, Paris 1987 832 833 834# |
835# Shanks seems to use `24:00' ambiguously; we resolve it with Whitman. 836# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 837Rule France 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S 838Rule France 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - 839Rule France 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S 840Rule France 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S 841Rule France 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 842Rule France 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 843Rule France 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 844Rule France 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 845Rule France 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 - 846Rule France 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S 847# DSH writes that a law of 1923-05-24 specified 3rd Sat in Apr at 23:00 to 1st 848# Sat in Oct at 24:00; and that in 1930, because of Easter, the transitions 849# were Apr 12 and Oct 5. Go with Shanks. 850Rule France 1922 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 851Rule France 1923 only - May 26 23:00s 1:00 S 852Rule France 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S 853Rule France 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S 854Rule France 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 855Rule France 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 856Rule France 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 857Rule France 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S 858Rule France 1930 only - Apr 12 23:00s 1:00 S 859Rule France 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 860Rule France 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S 861Rule France 1933 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S 862Rule France 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S 863Rule France 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S 864Rule France 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 865Rule France 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S 866Rule France 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S 867Rule France 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 868Rule France 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 869Rule France 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S
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850# The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris,
851# but were used in other places (e.g. Monaco).
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870# The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris, but Shanks writes 871# that they were used in Monaco and in many French locations. 872# Le Corre writes that the upper limit of the free zone was Arneguy, Orthez, 873# Mont-de-Marsan, Bazas, Langon, Lamotte-Montravel, Marouil, La 874# Rochefoucault, Champagne-Mouton, La Roche-Posay, La Haye-Decartes, 875# Loches, Montrichard, Vierzon, Bourges, Moulins, Digoin, 876# Paray-le-Monial, Montceau-les-Mines, Chalons-sur-Saone, Arbois, 877# Dole, Morez, St-Claude, and Collognes (Haute-Savioe). |
878Rule France 1941 only - May 5 0:00 2:00 M # Midsummer 879# Shanks says this transition occurred at Oct 6 1:00, 880# but go with Denis.Excoffier@ens.fr (1997-12-12), 881# who quotes the Ephemerides Astronomiques for 1998 from Bureau des Longitudes 882# as saying 5/10/41 22hUT. 883Rule France 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 S 884Rule France 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 2:00 M 885Rule France 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 1:00 S 886Rule France 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 2:00 M 887Rule France 1943 only - Oct 4 3:00 1:00 S 888Rule France 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00 2:00 M 889Rule France 1944 only - Oct 8 1:00 1:00 S 890Rule France 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 2:00 M 891Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 - 892# Shanks gives Mar 28 2:00 and Sep 26 3:00; 893# go with Excoffier's 28/3/76 0hUT and 25/9/76 23hUT. 894Rule France 1976 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 S 895Rule France 1976 only - Sep 26 1:00 0 - 896# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time, and Whitman gives 0:09:05, 897# but Howse quotes the actual French legislation as saying 0:09:21. 898# Go with Howse. Howse writes that the time in France was officially based 899# on PMT-0:09:21 until 1978-08-09, when the time base finally switched to UTC. 900# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 901Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01
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876 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
877# Shanks gives 1940 Jun 14 0:00; go with Excoffier's 14/6/40 22hUT.
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902 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Paris MT 903# Shanks gives 1940 Jun 14 0:00; go with Excoffier and Le Corre. |
904 0:00 France WE%sT 1940 Jun 14 23:00
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905# Le Corre says Paris stuck with occupied-France time after the liberation; 906# go with Shanks. |
907 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 25 908 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 909 1:00 France CE%sT 1977 910 1:00 EU CE%sT 911 912# Germany 913 914# From Markus Kuhn <Markus.Kuhn@cl.cam.ac.uk> (1998-09-29): 915# The German time zone web site by the Physikalisch-Technische 916# Bundesanstalt contains DST information back to 1916. 917# 918# <a href="http://www.ptb.de/english/org/4/43/432/lega.htm"> 919# Realisation of Legal Time in Germany 920# </a> 921 922# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 923Rule Germany 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 924# Shanks says 05-24 2:00 to 09-24 3:00 for DDST; go with the PTB, who quotes 925# the Archiv fuer publizist. Arbeit (Munzinger-Archiv) 652 (Zeitsystem) 926# (1961-11-25), which gives dates only. Guess 3:00 transition times. 927Rule Germany 1945 only - May 31 3:00 2:00 M # Midsummer 928Rule Germany 1945 only - Sep 23 3:00 1:00 S 929Rule Germany 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - 930Rule Germany 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S 931Rule Germany 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - 932Rule Germany 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 933Rule Germany 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S 934# The PTB gives 3:00 CET and 3:00 CEST for the midsummer transition times; 935# go with Shanks. 936Rule Germany 1947 only - May 11 2:00s 2:00 M 937Rule Germany 1947 only - Jun 29 3:00 1:00 S 938Rule Germany 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 939Rule Germany 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S 940# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 941Zone Europe/Berlin 0:53:28 - LMT 1893 Apr 942 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 943 1:00 Germany CE%sT 1980 944 1:00 EU CE%sT 945 946# Gibraltar 947# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 948Zone Europe/Gibraltar -0:21:24 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 949 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1957 Apr 14 2:00 950 1:00 - CET 1982 951 1:00 EU CE%sT 952 953# Greece 954# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 955# Whitman gives 1932 Jul 5 - Nov 1; go with Shanks. 956Rule Greece 1932 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 S 957Rule Greece 1932 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 958# Whitman gives 1941 Apr 25 - ?; go with Shanks. 959Rule Greece 1941 only - Apr 7 0:00 1:00 S 960# Whitman gives 1942 Feb 2 - ?; go with Shanks. 961Rule Greece 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 962Rule Greece 1943 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S 963Rule Greece 1943 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 964# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 3 - Oct 31; go with Shanks. 965Rule Greece 1952 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S 966Rule Greece 1952 only - Nov 2 0:00 0 - 967Rule Greece 1975 only - Apr 12 0:00s 1:00 S 968Rule Greece 1975 only - Nov 26 0:00s 0 - 969Rule Greece 1976 only - Apr 11 2:00s 1:00 S 970Rule Greece 1976 only - Oct 10 2:00s 0 - 971Rule Greece 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 972Rule Greece 1977 only - Sep 26 2:00s 0 - 973Rule Greece 1978 only - Sep 24 4:00 0 - 974Rule Greece 1979 only - Apr 1 9:00 1:00 S 975Rule Greece 1979 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 - 976Rule Greece 1980 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 977Rule Greece 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 978# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 979Zone Europe/Athens 1:34:52 - LMT 1895 Sep 14 980 1:34:52 - AMT 1916 Jul 28 0:01 # Athens MT 981 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1941 Apr 30 982 1:00 Greece CE%sT 1944 Apr 4 983 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1981 984 # Shanks says they switched to C-Eur in 1981; 985 # go with EU instead, since Greece joined it on Jan 1. 986 2:00 EU EE%sT 987 988# Hungary 989# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 990Rule Hungary 1918 only - Apr 1 3:00 1:00 S 991Rule Hungary 1918 only - Sep 29 3:00 0 - 992Rule Hungary 1919 only - Apr 15 3:00 1:00 S 993Rule Hungary 1919 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 - 994Rule Hungary 1920 only - Apr 5 3:00 1:00 S 995Rule Hungary 1920 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 996Rule Hungary 1945 only - May 1 23:00 1:00 S 997Rule Hungary 1945 only - Nov 3 0:00 0 - 998Rule Hungary 1946 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S 999Rule Hungary 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 1000Rule Hungary 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=4 2:00s 1:00 S 1001Rule Hungary 1950 only - Apr 17 2:00s 1:00 S 1002Rule Hungary 1950 only - Oct 23 2:00s 0 - 1003Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - May 23 0:00 1:00 S 1004Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 1005Rule Hungary 1956 only - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 1006Rule Hungary 1956 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1007Rule Hungary 1957 only - Jun Sun>=1 1:00 1:00 S 1008Rule Hungary 1957 only - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 - 1009Rule Hungary 1980 only - Apr 6 1:00 1:00 S 1010# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1011Zone Europe/Budapest 1:16:20 - LMT 1890 Oct 1012 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 1013 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1941 Apr 6 2:00 1014 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 1 23:00 1015 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1980 Sep 28 2:00s 1016 1:00 EU CE%sT 1017 1018# Iceland 1019# 1020# From Adam David <adam@veda.is> (1993-11-06): 1021# The name of the timezone in Iceland for system / mail / news purposes is GMT. 1022# 1023# (1993-12-05): 1024# This material is paraphrased from the 1988 edition of the University of 1025# Iceland Almanak. 1026# 1027# From January 1st, 1908 the whole of Iceland was standardised at 1 hour 1028# behind GMT. Previously, local mean solar time was used in different parts 1029# of Iceland, the almanak had been based on Reykjavik mean solar time which 1030# was 1 hour and 28 minutes behind GMT. 1031# 1032# "first day of winter" referred to [below] means the first day of the 26 weeks 1033# of winter, according to the old icelandic calendar that dates back to the 1034# time the norsemen first settled Iceland. The first day of winter is always 1035# Saturday, but is not dependent on the Julian or Gregorian calendars. 1036# 1037# (1993-12-10): 1038# I have a reference from the Oxford Icelandic-English dictionary for the 1039# beginning of winter, which ties it to the ecclesiastical calendar (and thus 1040# to the julian/gregorian calendar) over the period in question. 1041# the winter begins on the Saturday next before St. Luke's day 1042# (old style), or on St. Luke's day, if a Saturday. 1043# St. Luke's day ought to be traceable from ecclesiastical sources. "old style" 1044# might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it 1045# might mean something else (???). 1046# 1047# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-10-29): 1048# The Iceland Almanak, Shanks and Whitman disagree on many points. 1049# We go with the Almanak, except for one claim from Shanks, namely that 1050# Reykavik was 21W57 from 1837 to 1908, local mean time before that. 1051# 1052# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1053Rule Iceland 1917 1918 - Feb 19 23:00 1:00 S 1054Rule Iceland 1917 only - Oct 21 1:00 0 - 1055Rule Iceland 1918 only - Nov 16 1:00 0 - 1056Rule Iceland 1939 only - Apr 29 23:00 1:00 S 1057Rule Iceland 1939 only - Nov 29 2:00 0 - 1058Rule Iceland 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S 1059Rule Iceland 1940 only - Nov 3 2:00 0 - 1060Rule Iceland 1941 only - Mar 2 1:00s 1:00 S 1061Rule Iceland 1941 only - Nov 2 1:00s 0 - 1062Rule Iceland 1942 only - Mar 8 1:00s 1:00 S 1063Rule Iceland 1942 only - Oct 25 1:00s 0 - 1064# 1943-1946 - first Sunday in March until first Sunday in winter 1065Rule Iceland 1943 1946 - Mar Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S 1066Rule Iceland 1943 1948 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 - 1067# 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter 1068Rule Iceland 1947 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S 1069# 1949 Oct transition delayed by 1 week 1070Rule Iceland 1949 only - Oct 30 1:00s 0 - 1071Rule Iceland 1950 1966 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 - 1072Rule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 - 1073# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1074Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:27:24 - LMT 1837 1075 -1:27:48 - RMT 1908 # Reykjavik Mean Time? 1076 -1:00 Iceland IS%sT 1968 Apr 7 1:00s 1077 0:00 - GMT 1078 1079# Italy 1080#
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1081# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06): 1082# Sicily and Sardinia each had their own time zones from 1866 to 1893, 1083# called ``Palermo Time'' (+0053) and ``Cagliari Time'' (+0038). 1084# During World War II, German-controlled Italy used German time. 1085# But these events all occurred before the 1970 cutoff, 1086# so record only the time in Rome. 1087# |
1088# From Paul Eggert (1996-05-06): 1089# For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks, Whitman, and F. Pollastri
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1055# <a href="http://pisolo.cstv.to.cnr.it/toi/uk/ienitlt.html">
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1090# <a href="http://toi.iriti.cnr.it/uk/ienitlt.html"> |
1091# Day-light Saving Time in Italy (1996-03-14) 1092# </a> 1093# (`FP' below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute 1094# publication. When the three sources disagree, guess who's right, as follows: 1095# 1096# year FP Shanks (S) Whitman (W) Go with: 1097# 1916 06-03 06-03 24:00 06-03 00:00 FP & W 1098# 09-30 09-30 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s 1099# 1917 04-01 03-31 24:00 03-31 00:00 FP & S 1100# 09-30 09-29 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP & W 1101# 1918 03-09 03-09 24:00 03-09 00:00 FP & S 1102# 10-06 10-05 24:00 10-06 01:00 FP & W 1103# 1919 03-01 03-01 24:00 03-01 00:00 FP & S 1104# 10-04 10-04 24:00 10-04 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s 1105# 1920 03-20 03-20 24:00 03-20 00:00 FP & S 1106# 09-18 09-18 24:00 10-01 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s 1107# 1944 04-02 04-03 02:00 S (see C-Eur) 1108# 09-16 10-02 03:00 FP; guess 24:00s 1109# 1945 09-14 09-16 24:00 FP; guess 24:00s 1110# 1970 05-21 05-31 00:00 S 1111# 09-20 09-27 00:00 S 1112# 1113# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1114Rule Italy 1916 only - Jun 3 0:00s 1:00 S 1115Rule Italy 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1116Rule Italy 1917 only - Apr 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1117Rule Italy 1917 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 - 1118Rule Italy 1918 only - Mar 10 0:00s 1:00 S 1119Rule Italy 1918 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 - 1120Rule Italy 1919 only - Mar 2 0:00s 1:00 S 1121Rule Italy 1920 only - Mar 21 0:00s 1:00 S 1122Rule Italy 1920 only - Sep 19 0:00s 0 - 1123Rule Italy 1940 only - Jun 15 0:00s 1:00 S 1124Rule Italy 1944 only - Sep 17 0:00s 0 - 1125Rule Italy 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 S 1126Rule Italy 1945 only - Sep 15 0:00s 0 - 1127Rule Italy 1946 only - Mar 17 2:00s 1:00 S 1128Rule Italy 1946 only - Oct 6 2:00s 0 - 1129Rule Italy 1947 only - Mar 16 0:00s 1:00 S 1130Rule Italy 1947 only - Oct 5 0:00s 0 - 1131Rule Italy 1948 only - Feb 29 2:00s 1:00 S 1132Rule Italy 1948 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 - 1133Rule Italy 1966 1968 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S 1134Rule Italy 1966 1969 - Sep Sun>=22 0:00 0 - 1135Rule Italy 1969 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 1136Rule Italy 1970 only - May 31 0:00 1:00 S 1137Rule Italy 1970 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1138Rule Italy 1971 1972 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S 1139Rule Italy 1971 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - 1140Rule Italy 1972 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1141Rule Italy 1973 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 S 1142Rule Italy 1973 1974 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1143Rule Italy 1974 only - May 26 0:00 1:00 S 1144Rule Italy 1975 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1145Rule Italy 1975 1977 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 1146Rule Italy 1976 only - May 30 0:00s 1:00 S 1147Rule Italy 1977 1979 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S 1148Rule Italy 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1149Rule Italy 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 - 1150# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1151Zone Europe/Rome 0:49:56 - LMT 1866 Sep 22 1152 0:49:56 - RMT 1893 Nov # Rome Mean Time 1153 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s 1154 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul 1155 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1980 1156 1:00 EU CE%sT 1157 1158Link Europe/Rome Europe/Vatican 1159Link Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino 1160 1161# Latvia 1162 1163# From Liene Kanepe <Liene_Kanepe@lm.gov.lv> (1998-09-17): 1164 1165# I asked about this matter Scientific Secretary of the Institute of Astronomy 1166# of The University of Latvia Dr. paed Mr. Ilgonis Vilks. I also searched the 1167# correct data in juridical acts and I found some juridical documents about 1168# changes in the counting of time in Latvia from 1981.... 1169# 1170# Act No.35 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1981-01-22 ... 1171# according to the Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1980-10-24 1172# ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning 1173# the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on 1 April at 00:00 (GMT 31 March 21:00) 1174# and 1 hour backward on the 1 October at 00:00 (GMT 30 September 20:00). 1175# 1176# Act No.592 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1984-09-24 ... 1177# according to the Act No.967 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1984-09-13 1178# ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning 1179# the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on the last Sunday of March at 02:00 1180# (GMT 23:00 on the previous day) and 1 hour backward on the last Sunday of 1181# September at 03:00 (GMT 23:00 on the previous day). 1182# 1183# Act No.81 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1989-03-22 ... 1184# according to the Act No.227 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1989-03-14 1185# ...: since the last Sunday of March 1989 in Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR, 1186# Estonian SSR and Kaliningrad region of Russian Federation all year round the 1187# time of 2nd time zone (Moscow time minus one hour). On the territory of Latvia 1188# transition to summer time is performed on the last Sunday of March at 02:00 1189# (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour forward. The end of 1190# daylight saving time is performed on the last Sunday of September at 03:00 1191# (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour backward. Exception is 1192# 1989-03-26, when we must not turn the hands of the clock.... 1193# 1194# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Latvia of 1195# 1997-01-21 on transition to Summer time ... established the same order of 1196# daylight savings time settings as in the States of the European Union. 1197 1198# From Andrei Ivanov (2000-03-06): 1199# This year Latvia will not switch to Daylight Savings Time (as specified in 1200# <a href="http://www.lv-laiks.lv/wwwraksti/2000/071072/vd4.htm"> 1201# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Rep. of Latvia of 1202# 29-Feb-2000 (#79)</a>, in Latvian for subscribers only). 1203
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1204# <a href="http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2001/01/3-CEE/cee-030101.html"> 1205# From RFE/RL Newsline (2001-01-03), noted after a heads-up by Rives McDow: 1206# </a> 1207# The Latvian government on 2 January decided that the country will 1208# institute daylight-saving time this spring, LETA reported. 1209# Last February the three Baltic states decided not to turn back their 1210# clocks one hour in the spring.... 1211# Minister of Economy Aigars Kalvitis noted that Latvia had too few 1212# daylight hours and thus decided to comply with a draft European 1213# Commission directive that provides for instituting daylight-saving 1214# time in EU countries between 2002 and 2006. The Latvian government 1215# urged Lithuania and Estonia to adopt a similar time policy, but it 1216# appears that they will not do so.... 1217 |
1218# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1219Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 1220Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 1221# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1222Zone Europe/Riga 1:36:24 - LMT 1880 1223 1:36:24 - RMT 1918 Apr 15 2:00 #Riga Mean Time 1224 1:36:24 1:00 LST 1918 Sep 16 3:00 #Latvian Summer 1225 1:36:24 - RMT 1919 Apr 1 2:00 1226 1:36:24 1:00 LST 1919 May 22 3:00 1227 1:36:24 - RMT 1926 May 11 1228 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 5 1229 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jul 1230 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 13 1231 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar lastSun 2:00s 1232 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep lastSun 2:00s 1233 2:00 Latvia EE%sT 1997 Jan 21 1234 2:00 EU EE%sT 2000 Feb 29
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1186 2:00 - EET
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1235 2:00 - EET 2001 1236 2:00 EU EE%sT |
1237 1238# Liechtenstein 1239# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1240Zone Europe/Vaduz 0:38:04 - LMT 1894 Jun 1241 1:00 - CET 1981 1242 1:00 EU CE%sT 1243 1244# Lithuania 1245 1246# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 1247# IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is 1248# known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it's wrong here too. 1249 1250# From Marius Gedminas <mgedmin@pub.osf.lt> (1998-08-07): 1251# I would like to inform that in this year Lithuanian time zone 1252# (Europe/Vilnius) was changed. 1253 1254# From <a href="http://www.elta.lt/">ELTA</a> No. 972 (2582) (1999-09-29), 1255# via Steffen Thorsen: 1256# Lithuania has shifted back to the second time zone (GMT plus two hours) 1257# to be valid here starting from October 31, 1258# as decided by the national government on Wednesday.... 1259# The Lithuanian government also announced plans to consider a 1260# motion to give up shifting to summer time in spring, as it was
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1211# already done by Estonia.
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1261# already done by Estonia. |
1262 1263# From the <a href="http://www.tourism.lt/informa/ff.htm"> 1264# Fact File, Lithuanian State Department of Tourism 1265# </a> (2000-03-27): Local time is GMT+2 hours ..., no daylight saving. 1266 1267# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1268Zone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880 1269 1:24:00 - WMT 1917 # Warsaw Mean Time 1270 1:35:36 - KMT 1919 Oct 10 # Kaunas Mean Time 1271 1:00 - CET 1920 Jul 12 1272 2:00 - EET 1920 Oct 9 1273 1:00 - CET 1940 Aug 3 1274 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 24 1275 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 1276 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1277 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 1278 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 1279 2:00 - EET 1998 Mar 29 1:00u 1280 1:00 EU CE%sT 1999 Oct 31 1:00u 1281 2:00 - EET 1282 1283# Luxembourg 1284# Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways; go with Shanks. 1285# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1286Rule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S 1287Rule Lux 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 1288Rule Lux 1917 only - Apr 28 23:00 1:00 S 1289Rule Lux 1917 only - Sep 17 1:00 0 - 1290Rule Lux 1918 only - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S 1291Rule Lux 1918 only - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 - 1292Rule Lux 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00 1:00 S 1293Rule Lux 1919 only - Oct 5 3:00 0 - 1294Rule Lux 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S 1295Rule Lux 1920 only - Oct 24 2:00 0 - 1296Rule Lux 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00 1:00 S 1297Rule Lux 1921 only - Oct 26 2:00 0 - 1298Rule Lux 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00 1:00 S 1299Rule Lux 1922 only - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 - 1300Rule Lux 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00 1:00 S 1301Rule Lux 1923 only - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 - 1302Rule Lux 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00 1:00 S 1303Rule Lux 1924 1928 - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 - 1304Rule Lux 1925 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S 1305Rule Lux 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 S 1306Rule Lux 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 S 1307Rule Lux 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00 1:00 S 1308Rule Lux 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 S 1309# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1310Zone Europe/Luxembourg 0:24:36 - LMT 1904 Jun 1311 1:00 Lux CE%sT 1918 Nov 25 1312 0:00 Lux WE%sT 1929 Oct 6 2:00s 1313 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 14 3:00 1314 1:00 C-Eur WE%sT 1944 Sep 18 3:00 1315 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977 1316 1:00 EU CE%sT 1317 1318# Macedonia 1319# see Yugoslavia 1320 1321# Malta 1322# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1323Rule Malta 1973 only - Mar 31 0:00s 1:00 S 1324Rule Malta 1973 only - Sep 29 0:00s 0 - 1325Rule Malta 1974 only - Apr 21 0:00s 1:00 S 1326Rule Malta 1974 only - Sep 16 0:00s 0 - 1327Rule Malta 1975 1979 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S 1328Rule Malta 1975 1980 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 1329Rule Malta 1980 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S 1330# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1331Zone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 2 # Valletta 1332 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s 1333 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s 1334 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1973 Mar 31 1335 1:00 Malta CE%sT 1981 1336 1:00 EU CE%sT 1337 1338# Moldova
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1339 1340# From Paul Eggert (2001-02-11): 1341# A previous version of this database followed Shanks, who writes that 1342# Tiraspol switched to Moscow time on 1992-01-19 at 02:00. 1343# However, this is most likely an error, as Moldova declared independence 1344# on 1991-08-27 (the 1992-01-19 date is that of a Russian decree). 1345# In early 1992 there was large-scale interethnic violence in the area 1346# and it's possible that some Russophones continued to observe Moscow time. 1347# But moldavizolit@tirastel.md and mk@tirastel.md separately reported via 1348# Jesper Norgaard that as of 2001-01-24 Tiraspol was like Chisinau. 1349# The Tiraspol entry has therefore been removed for now. 1350 |
1351# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1352Zone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1880 1353 1:55 - CMT 1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT 1354 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT 1355 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1940 Aug 15 1356 2:00 1:00 EEST 1941 Jul 17 1357 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 24 1358 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 1359 3:00 - MSK 1990 May 6 1360 2:00 - EET 1991 1361 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 1362 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 1363# See Romania commentary for the guessed 1997 transition to EU rules. 1364 2:00 EU EE%sT
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1303Zone Europe/Tiraspol 1:58:32 - LMT 1880
1304 1:55 - CMT 1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT
1305 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
1306 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1940 Aug 15
1307 2:00 1:00 EEST 1941 Jul 17
1308 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 24
1309 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00
1310 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00
1311 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD
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1365 1366# Monaco 1367# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's more precise 0:09:21. 1368# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1369Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 1370 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 1371 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 1372 1:00 France CE%sT 1977 1373 1:00 EU CE%sT 1374 1375# Netherlands 1376# Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940, 1377# but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time.
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1378# The data before 1945 is taken from 1379# <http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/wettijd/wettijd.htm>. |
1380# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
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1326# Shanks gives 1916 Apr 30 24:00 and 1916 Oct 1 00:00; go with Whitman.
1327Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time
1328Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time
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1381Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time 1382Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time |
1383Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST 1384Rule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT
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1331# Whitman gives 1918 Apr 14, 1918 Oct 31, and 1921 Sep 28; go with Shanks.
|
1385Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
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1333Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep Mon>=24 2:00s 0 AMT
1334Rule Neth 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 NST
1335# Whitman gives 1939 Oct 1; go with Shanks.
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1386Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 AMT 1387Rule Neth 1922 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST |
1388Rule Neth 1922 1936 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 AMT
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1337Rule Neth 1923 only - Jun 1 2:00s 1:00 NST
1338Rule Neth 1924 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 NST
1339# Whitman gives 1925 Apr 5; go with Shanks.
1340Rule Neth 1925 only - Jun 5 2:00s 1:00 NST
1341# For 1926 through 1930 Whitman gives Apr 15; go with Shanks.
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1389Rule Neth 1923 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST 1390Rule Neth 1924 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST 1391Rule Neth 1925 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST |
1392Rule Neth 1926 1931 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST 1393Rule Neth 1932 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST 1394Rule Neth 1933 1936 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST 1395Rule Neth 1937 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST 1396Rule Neth 1937 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S 1397Rule Neth 1937 1939 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 -
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1348# Whitman gives 1939 Apr 15 and 1940 Apr 19; go with Shanks.
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1398Rule Neth 1938 1939 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 S 1399Rule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
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1351Rule Neth 1945 only - May 20 2:00s 0 -
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1400Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - |
1401# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1402Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:28 - LMT 1892 May 1403 0:19:28 Neth %s 1937 Jul
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1355 0:20 Neth NE%sT 1940 May 16 0:40
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1404 0:20 Neth NE%sT 1940 May 17 0:00 |
1405 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 1406 1:00 Neth CE%sT 1977 1407 1:00 EU CE%sT 1408 1409# Norway 1410# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1411# Whitman gives 1916 May 21 - 1916 Oct 21; go with Shanks. 1412Rule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 S 1413Rule Norway 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 1414# Whitman says DST observed 1935-08-11/1942-11-01, then 1943-03-29/10-04, 1415# 1944-04-03/10-02, and 1945-04-01/10-01; go with Shanks. 1416Rule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 1417Rule Norway 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - 1418Rule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 S 1419Rule Norway 1959 1965 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 1420Rule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 S 1421# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1422Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895 1423 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1940 Aug 10 23:00 1424 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 1425 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1980 1426 1:00 EU CE%sT 1427 1428# Svalbard & Jan Mayen 1429Link Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen 1430# From Whitman: 1431# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1432Zone Atlantic/Jan_Mayen -1:00 - EGT 1433 1434# Poland 1435# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1436Rule Poland 1918 1919 - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 1437Rule Poland 1919 only - Apr 15 2:00s 1:00 S 1438# Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks. 1439Rule Poland 1944 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 1440# For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks. 1441Rule Poland 1945 only - Apr 29 0:00 1:00 S 1442Rule Poland 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 1443Rule Poland 1946 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 S 1444Rule Poland 1946 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 - 1445Rule Poland 1947 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 S 1446Rule Poland 1947 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 1447Rule Poland 1948 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 S 1448# Whitman also gives 1949 Apr 9 - 1949 Oct 1; go with Shanks. 1449Rule Poland 1957 only - Jun 2 1:00s 1:00 S 1450Rule Poland 1957 1958 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 1451Rule Poland 1958 only - Mar 30 1:00s 1:00 S 1452Rule Poland 1959 only - May 31 1:00s 1:00 S 1453Rule Poland 1959 1961 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00s 0 - 1454Rule Poland 1960 only - Apr 3 1:00s 1:00 S 1455Rule Poland 1961 1964 - May Sun>=25 1:00s 1:00 S 1456Rule Poland 1962 1964 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 1457# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1458Zone Europe/Warsaw 1:24:00 - LMT 1880 1459 1:24:00 - WMT 1915 Aug 5 # Warsaw Mean Time 1460 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Sep 16 3:00 1461 2:00 Poland EE%sT 1922 Jun 1462 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1940 Jun 23 2:00 1463 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 1464 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1977 Apr 3 1:00 1465 1:00 W-Eur CE%sT 1999 1466# IATA SSIM (1991/1996) gives EU rules, but the _The Warsaw Voice_ 1467# <a href="http://www.warsawvoice.com.pl/v361/NewsInBrief.shtml"> 1468# http://www.warsawvoice.com/pl/v361/NewsInBrief.shtml (1995-09-24) 1469# </a> 1470# says the autumn 1995 switch was at 02:00. 1471# Stick with W-Eur for now. 1472# 1473# From Marcin.Kasperski@softax.com.pl (1999-06-10): 1474# According to my colleagues someone recently decided, that Poland would 1475# follow European Union regulations, so - I think - the matter is not 1476# worth further discussion. 1477# 1478# From Paul Eggert (1999-06-10): 1479# Kasperski also writes that the government futzed with the rules in 1997 1480# or 1998 but he doesn't remember the details. Assume they switched to 1481# EU rules in 1999. 1482 1:00 EU CE%sT 1483 1484# Portugal 1485# 1486# From Rui Pedro Salgueiro <rps@inescca.inescc.pt> (1992-11-12): 1487# Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone 1488# (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC. 1489# 1490# Martin Bruckmann <martin@ua.pt> (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve 1491# that Portugal is reverting to 0:00 by not moving its clocks this spring. 1492# The new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter. 1493# 1494# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-12): 1495# IATA SSIM (1991-09) reports several 1991-09 and 1992-09 transitions 1496# at 02:00u, not 01:00u. Assume that these are typos. 1497# IATA SSIM (1991/1992) reports that the Azores were at -1:00. 1498# IATA SSIM (1993-02) says +0:00; later issues (through 1996-09) say -1:00. 1499# Guess that the Azores changed to EU rules in 1992 (since that's when Portugal 1500# harmonized with the EU), and that they stayed +0:00 that winter. 1501# 1502# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1503# DSH writes that despite Decree 1,469 (1915), the change to the clocks was not 1504# done every year, depending on what Spain did, because of railroad schedules. 1505# Go with Shanks. 1506Rule Port 1916 only - Jun 17 23:00 1:00 S 1507# Whitman gives 1916 Oct 31; go with Shanks. 1508Rule Port 1916 only - Nov 1 1:00 0 - 1509Rule Port 1917 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S 1510Rule Port 1917 1921 - Oct 14 23:00s 0 - 1511Rule Port 1918 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 1512Rule Port 1919 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S 1513Rule Port 1920 only - Feb 29 23:00s 1:00 S 1514Rule Port 1921 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S 1515Rule Port 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S 1516Rule Port 1924 only - Oct 14 23:00s 0 - 1517Rule Port 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 1518Rule Port 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 1519Rule Port 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 1520Rule Port 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 1521Rule Port 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S 1522Rule Port 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 1523# Whitman gives 1931 Oct 8; go with Shanks. 1524Rule Port 1931 1932 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 1525Rule Port 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S 1526# Shanks gives 1934 Apr 4; go with Whitman. 1527Rule Port 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S 1528# Whitman gives 1934 Oct 5; go with Shanks. 1529Rule Port 1934 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 1530# Shanks gives 1935 Apr 30; go with Whitman. 1531Rule Port 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S 1532Rule Port 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 1533# Whitman gives 1937 Apr 2; go with Shanks. 1534Rule Port 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S 1535Rule Port 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S 1536Rule Port 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 1537# Whitman gives 1939 Oct 7; go with Shanks. 1538Rule Port 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 1539Rule Port 1940 only - Feb 24 23:00s 1:00 S 1540# Shanks gives 1940 Oct 7; go with Whitman. 1541Rule Port 1940 1941 - Oct 5 23:00s 0 - 1542Rule Port 1941 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S 1543Rule Port 1942 1945 - Mar Sat>=8 23:00s 1:00 S 1544Rule Port 1942 only - Apr 25 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer 1545Rule Port 1942 only - Aug 15 22:00s 1:00 S 1546Rule Port 1942 1945 - Oct Sat>=24 23:00s 0 - 1547Rule Port 1943 only - Apr 17 22:00s 2:00 M 1548Rule Port 1943 1945 - Aug Sat>=25 22:00s 1:00 S 1549Rule Port 1944 1945 - Apr Sat>=21 22:00s 2:00 M 1550Rule Port 1946 only - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 S 1551Rule Port 1946 only - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 1552Rule Port 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 1553Rule Port 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 1554# Shanks says DST was observed in 1950; go with Whitman. 1555# Whitman gives Oct lastSun for 1952 on; go with Shanks. 1556Rule Port 1951 1965 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 1557Rule Port 1951 1965 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 1558Rule Port 1977 only - Mar 27 0:00s 1:00 S 1559Rule Port 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00s 0 - 1560Rule Port 1978 1979 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 S 1561Rule Port 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1562Rule Port 1979 1982 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 1563Rule Port 1980 only - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S 1564Rule Port 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 1565Rule Port 1983 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 1566# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1567Zone Europe/Lisbon -0:36:32 - LMT 1884 1568 -0:36:32 - LMT 1911 May 24 # Lisbon Mean Time 1569 0:00 Port WE%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 1570 1:00 - CET 1976 Sep 26 1:00 1571 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 1572 0:00 W-Eur WE%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s 1573 1:00 EU CE%sT 1996 Mar 31 1:00u 1574 0:00 EU WE%sT 1575Zone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada 1576 -1:55 - HMT 1911 May 24 # Horta Mean Time 1577 -2:00 Port AZO%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Azores Time 1578 -1:00 Port AZO%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 1579 -1:00 W-Eur AZO%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s 1580 0:00 EU WE%sT 1993 Mar 28 1:00u 1581 -1:00 EU AZO%sT 1582Zone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal 1583 -1:08 - FMT 1911 May 24 # Funchal Mean Time 1584 -1:00 Port MAD%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Madeira Time 1585 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 1586 0:00 EU WE%sT 1587 1588# Romania 1589# 1590# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-07): 1591# <a href="http://www.nineoclock.ro/POL/1778pol.html"> 1592# Nine O'clock</a> (1998-10-23) reports that the switch occurred at 1593# 04:00 local time in fall 1998. For lack of better info, 1594# assume that Romania and Moldova switched to EU rules in 1997, 1595# the same year as Bulgaria. 1596# 1597# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1598Rule Romania 1932 only - May 21 0:00s 1:00 S 1599Rule Romania 1932 1939 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 - 1600Rule Romania 1933 1939 - Apr Sun>=2 0:00s 1:00 S 1601Rule Romania 1979 only - May 27 0:00 1:00 S 1602Rule Romania 1979 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1603Rule Romania 1980 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S 1604Rule Romania 1980 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - 1605Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S 1606Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 1607# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1608Zone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct 1609 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT 1610 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00s 1611 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 1612 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1994 1613 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 1614 2:00 EU EE%sT 1615 1616# Russia 1617 1618# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-11-12): 1619# Except for Moscow after 1919-07-01, I invented the time zone abbreviations. 1620# Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991, 1621# are from Andrey A. Chernov. The rest is from Shanks, except we follow 1622# Chernov's report that 1992 DST transitions were Sat 23:00, not Sun 02:00s. 1623# 1624# From Andrey A. Chernov <ache@nagual.ru> (1996-10-04): 1625# `MSK' and `MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with 1626# Unix-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group).... 1627# The next step was the UUCP network, the Relcom predecessor 1628# (used mainly for mail), and MSK/MSD was actively used there. 1629# 1630# From Chris Carrier <72157.3334@CompuServe.COM> (1996-10-30): 1631# According to a friend of mine who rode the Trans-Siberian Railroad from 1632# Moscow to Irkutsk in 1995, public air and rail transport in Russia ... 1633# still follows Moscow time, no matter where in Russia it is located. 1634#
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1635# For Grozny, Chechnya, we have the following story from 1636# John Daniszewski, "Scavengers in the Rubble", Los Angeles Times (2001-02-07): 1637# News--often false--is spread by word of mouth. A rumor that it was 1638# time to move the clocks back put this whole city out of sync with 1639# the rest of Russia for two weeks--even soldiers stationed here began 1640# enforcing curfew at the wrong time. 1641# |
1642# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1643Zone Europe/Kaliningrad 1:22:00 - LMT 1893 Apr 1644 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 1645 2:00 Poland CE%sT 1946 1646 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1647 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1648Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:20 - LMT 1880 1649 2:30 - MMT 1916 Jul 3 # Moscow Mean Time 1650 2:30:48 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 2:00 1651 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1922 Oct 1652 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 1653 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1654 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1655 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1656Zone Europe/Samara 3:20:36 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 2:00 1657 3:00 - KUYT 1930 Jun 21 # Kuybyshev 1658 4:00 Russia KUY%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 1659 3:00 Russia KUY%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1660 2:00 Russia KUY%sT 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 1661 3:00 - KUYT 1991 Oct 20 3:00 1662 4:00 Russia SAM%sT # Samara Time 1663Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:24 - LMT 1919 Jul 15 4:00 1664 4:00 - SVET 1930 Jun 21 # Sverdlovsk Time 1665 5:00 Russia SVE%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1666 4:00 Russia SVE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1667 5:00 Russia YEK%sT # Yekaterinburg Time 1668Zone Asia/Omsk 4:53:36 - LMT 1919 Nov 14 1669 5:00 - OMST 1930 Jun 21 # Omsk TIme 1670 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1671 5:00 Russia OMS%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1672 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 1673# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski <S.A.Kuz@iae.nsk.su> (1994-06-29): 1674# But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow! 1675# I do not know why they have decided to make this change; 1676# as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching 1677# so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch. 1678Zone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 14 6:00 1679 6:00 - NOVT 1930 Jun 21 # Novosibirsk Time 1680 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1681 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1682 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1993 May 23 # says Shanks 1683 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 1684Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk 6:11:20 - LMT 1920 Jan 6 1685 6:00 - KRAT 1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time 1686 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1687 6:00 Russia KRA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1688 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1689Zone Asia/Irkutsk 6:57:20 - LMT 1880 1690 6:57:20 - IMT 1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time 1691 7:00 - IRKT 1930 Jun 21 # Irkutsk Time 1692 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1693 7:00 Russia IRK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1694 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 1695Zone Asia/Yakutsk 8:38:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 1696 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time 1697 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1698 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1699 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1700Zone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:44 - LMT 1922 Nov 15 1701 9:00 - VLAT 1930 Jun 21 # Vladivostok Time 1702 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1703 9:00 Russia VLA%sST 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1704 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 1705Zone Asia/Magadan 10:03:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 1706 10:00 - MAGT 1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time 1707 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1708 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1709 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1710# This name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski, but that's too long. 1711Zone Asia/Kamchatka 10:34:36 - LMT 1922 Nov 10 1712 11:00 - PETT 1930 Jun 21 # P-K Time 1713 12:00 Russia PET%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1714 11:00 Russia PET%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1715 12:00 Russia PET%sT 1716Zone Asia/Anadyr 11:49:56 - LMT 1924 May 2 1717 12:00 - ANAT 1930 Jun 21 # Anadyr Time 1718 13:00 Russia ANA%sT 1982 Apr 1 0:00s 1719 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1720 11:00 Russia ANA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1721 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 1722 1723# Slovakia 1724Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava 1725 1726# Slovenia 1727# see Yugoslavia 1728 1729# Spain 1730# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1731# For 1917-1919 Whitman gives Apr Sat>=1 - Oct Sat>=1; go with Shanks. 1732Rule Spain 1917 only - May 5 23:00s 1:00 S 1733Rule Spain 1917 1919 - Oct 6 23:00s 0 - 1734Rule Spain 1918 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 1735Rule Spain 1919 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S 1736# Whitman gives 1921 Feb 28 - Oct 14; go with Shanks. 1737Rule Spain 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S 1738# Whitman gives 1924 Oct 14; go with Shanks. 1739Rule Spain 1924 only - Oct 4 23:00s 0 - 1740Rule Spain 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 1741# Whitman says no DST in 1929; go with Shanks. 1742Rule Spain 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 1743Rule Spain 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 1744Rule Spain 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 1745Rule Spain 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S 1746# Whitman gives 1937 Jun 16, 1938 Apr 16, 1940 Apr 13; go with Shanks. 1747Rule Spain 1937 only - May 22 23:00s 1:00 S 1748Rule Spain 1937 1939 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 1749Rule Spain 1938 only - Mar 22 23:00s 1:00 S 1750Rule Spain 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 1751Rule Spain 1940 only - Mar 16 23:00s 1:00 S 1752# Whitman says no DST 1942-1945; go with Shanks. 1753Rule Spain 1942 only - May 2 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer 1754Rule Spain 1942 only - Sep 1 22:00s 1:00 S 1755Rule Spain 1943 1946 - Apr Sat>=13 22:00s 2:00 M 1756Rule Spain 1943 only - Oct 3 22:00s 1:00 S 1757Rule Spain 1944 only - Oct 10 22:00s 1:00 S 1758Rule Spain 1945 only - Sep 30 1:00 1:00 S 1759Rule Spain 1946 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 1760Rule Spain 1949 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S 1761Rule Spain 1949 only - Sep 30 1:00 0 - 1762Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Apr Sat>=13 23:00 1:00 S 1763Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 - 1764Rule Spain 1976 only - Mar 27 23:00 1:00 S 1765Rule Spain 1976 1977 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - 1766Rule Spain 1977 1978 - Apr 2 23:00 1:00 S 1767Rule Spain 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 1768# The following rules are copied from Morocco from 1967 through 1978. 1769Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S 1770Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1771Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S 1772Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 1773Rule SpainAfrica 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1774Rule SpainAfrica 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 1775Rule SpainAfrica 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 1776Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 1777Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - 1778# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1779Zone Europe/Madrid -0:14:44 - LMT 1901 1780 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1946 Sep 30 1781 1:00 Spain CE%sT 1979 1782 1:00 EU CE%sT 1783Zone Africa/Ceuta -0:21:16 - LMT 1901 1784 0:00 - WET 1918 May 6 23:00 1785 0:00 1:00 WEST 1918 Oct 7 23:00 1786 0:00 - WET 1924 1787 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1929 1788 0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT 1984 Mar 16 1789 1:00 - CET 1986 1790 1:00 EU CE%sT 1791Zone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C. 1792 -1:00 - CANT 1946 Sep 30 1:00 # Canaries Time 1793 0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s 1794 0:00 1:00 WEST 1980 Sep 28 0:00s 1795 0:00 EU WE%sT 1796# IATA SSIM (1996-09) says the Canaries switch at 2:00u, not 1:00u. 1797# Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU. 1798 1799# Sweden 1800# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1801Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1878 May 31 1802 1:12:12 - SMT 1900 Jan 1 1:00 # Stockholm MT 1803 1:00 - CET 1916 Apr 14 23:00s 1804 1:00 1:00 CEST 1916 Sep 30 23:00s 1805 1:00 - CET 1980 1806 1:00 EU CE%sT 1807 1808# Switzerland 1809# From Howse: 1810# By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace 1811# and their performance improved enormously. Communities began to keep 1812# mean time in preference to apparent time -- Geneva from 1780 .... 1813# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1814# From Whitman (who writes ``Midnight?''): 1815Rule Swiss 1940 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S 1816Rule Swiss 1940 only - Dec 31 0:00 0 - 1817# From Shanks: 1818Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 1819Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 1820# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1821Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1848 Sep 12 1822 0:29:44 - BMT 1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time 1823 1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981 1824 1:00 EU CE%sT 1825 1826# Turkey 1827# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1828Rule Turkey 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1829Rule Turkey 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1830Rule Turkey 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S 1831Rule Turkey 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 - 1832Rule Turkey 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 1833Rule Turkey 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 1834Rule Turkey 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 1835Rule Turkey 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 1836# Whitman gives 1923 Apr 28 - Sep 16 and no DST in 1924-1925; go with Shanks. 1837Rule Turkey 1924 only - May 13 0:00 1:00 S 1838Rule Turkey 1924 1925 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1839Rule Turkey 1925 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1840Rule Turkey 1940 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 S 1841Rule Turkey 1940 only - Oct 5 0:00 0 - 1842Rule Turkey 1940 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S 1843Rule Turkey 1941 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 1844Rule Turkey 1942 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 1845# Whitman omits the next two transition and gives 1945 Oct 1; go with Shanks. 1846Rule Turkey 1942 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 1847Rule Turkey 1945 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 S 1848Rule Turkey 1945 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 1849Rule Turkey 1946 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 1850Rule Turkey 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1851Rule Turkey 1947 1948 - Apr Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S 1852Rule Turkey 1947 1950 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 - 1853Rule Turkey 1949 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S 1854Rule Turkey 1950 only - Apr 19 0:00 1:00 S 1855Rule Turkey 1951 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S 1856Rule Turkey 1951 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 1857Rule Turkey 1962 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S 1858Rule Turkey 1962 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 1859Rule Turkey 1964 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 1860Rule Turkey 1964 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1861Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - May Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 S 1862Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 - 1863Rule Turkey 1973 only - Jun 3 1:00 1:00 S 1864Rule Turkey 1973 only - Nov 4 3:00 0 - 1865Rule Turkey 1974 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S 1866Rule Turkey 1974 only - Nov 3 5:00 0 - 1867Rule Turkey 1975 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S 1868Rule Turkey 1975 1976 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 1869Rule Turkey 1976 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 1870Rule Turkey 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 1871Rule Turkey 1977 only - Oct 16 0:00 0 - 1872Rule Turkey 1979 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 3:00 1:00 S 1873Rule Turkey 1979 1982 - Oct Mon>=11 0:00 0 - 1874Rule Turkey 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 3:00 1:00 S 1875Rule Turkey 1983 only - Jul 31 0:00 1:00 S 1876Rule Turkey 1983 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 1877Rule Turkey 1985 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 S 1878Rule Turkey 1985 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 1879# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1880Zone Europe/Istanbul 1:55:52 - LMT 1880 1881 1:56:56 - IMT 1910 Oct # Istanbul Mean Time? 1882 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1978 Oct 15 1883 3:00 Turkey TR%sT 1985 Apr 20 # Turkey Time 1884 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1986 1885 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 1886 2:00 EU EE%sT 1887Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents. 1888 1889# Ukraine 1890# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1891# Most of Ukraine since 1970 has been like Kiev. 1892Zone Europe/Kiev 2:02:04 - LMT 1880 1893 2:02:04 - KMT 1924 May 2 # Kiev Mean Time 1894 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 1895 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 20 1896 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Nov 6 1897 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 1898 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 1899 2:00 - EET 1992 1900 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 1901 2:00 EU EE%sT 1902# Ruthenia used CET 1990/1991. 1903Zone Europe/Uzhgorod 1:29:12 - LMT 1890 Oct 1904 1:00 - CET 1940 1905 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 1906 1:00 1:00 CEST 1944 Oct 26 1907 1:00 - CET 1945 Jun 29 1908 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 1909 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 1910 1:00 - CET 1991 Mar 31 3:00 1911 2:00 - EET 1992 1912 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 1913 2:00 EU EE%sT 1914# Zaporozh'ye and eastern Lugansk oblasts observed DST 1990/1991. 1915# Zaporozh'ye has an apostrophe, but Posix file names can't have apostrophes. 1916Zone Europe/Zaporozhye 2:20:40 - LMT 1880 1917 2:20 - CUT 1924 May 2 # Central Ukraine T 1918 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 1919 3:00 - MSK 1941 Aug 25 1920 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Oct 25 1921 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00 1922 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 1923 2:00 EU EE%sT 1924# Central Crimea used Moscow time 1994/1997. 1925Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880 1926 2:16 - SMT 1924 May 2 # Simferopol Mean T 1927 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 1928 3:00 - MSK 1941 Nov 1929 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Apr 13 1930 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 1931 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 1932 2:00 - EET 1992 1933# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-11-12): 1934# The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that central Crimea switched 1935# from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections. 1936# Shanks says ``date of change uncertain'', but implies that it happened 1937# sometime between the 1994 DST switches. For now, guess it changed in May. 1938 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1994 May 1939# From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev. 1940 3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 Mar 31 3:00s 1941 3:00 1:00 MSD 1996 Oct 27 3:00s 1942# IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST. 1943# Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks. 1944 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1997 1945 3:00 - MSK 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u 1946 2:00 EU EE%sT 1947 1948# Yugoslavia 1949# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1950Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884 1951 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 1952 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s 1953 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s 1954# Metod Kozelj <metod.kozelj@rzs-hm.si> reports that the legal date of 1955# transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time. 1956# Shanks doesn't give as much detail, so go with Kozelj. 1957 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27 1958 1:00 EU CE%sT 1959Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana # Slovenia 1960Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Sarajevo # Bosnia and Herzegovina 1961Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Skopje # Macedonia 1962Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Zagreb # Croatia 1963 1964############################################################################### 1965 1966# One source shows that Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, and Greece observe DST from 1967# the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in September in 1986. 1968# The source shows Romania changing a day later than everybody else. 1969# 1970# According to Bernard Sieloff's source, Poland is in the MET time zone but 1971# uses the WE DST rules. The Western USSR uses EET+1 and ME DST rules. 1972# Bernard Sieloff's source claims Romania switches on the same day, but at 1973# 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST). It also claims that Turkey 1974# switches on the same day, but switches on at 01:00 standard time 1975# and off at 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST) 1976 1977# ... 1978# Date: Wed, 28 Jan 87 16:56:27 -0100 1979# From: seismo!mcvax!cgcha!wtho (Tom Hofmann) 1980# Message-Id: <8701281556.AA22174@cgcha.uucp> 1981# ... 1982# 1983# ...the European time rules are...standardized since 1981, when 1984# most European coun[tr]ies started DST. Before that year, only 1985# a few countries (UK, France, Italy) had DST, each according 1986# to own national rules. In 1981, however, DST started on 1987# 'Apr firstSun', and not on 'Mar lastSun' as in the following 1988# years... 1989# But also since 1981 there are some more national exceptions 1990# than listed in 'europe': Switzerland, for example, joined DST 1991# one year later, Denmark ended DST on 'Oct 1' instead of 'Sep 1992# lastSun' in 1981---I don't know how they handle now. 1993# 1994# Finally, DST ist always from 'Apr 1' to 'Oct 1' in the 1995# Soviet Union (as far as I know). 1996# 1997# Tom Hofmann, Scientific Computer Center, CIBA-GEIGY AG, 1998# 4002 Basle, Switzerland 1999# UUCP: ...!mcvax!cernvax!cgcha!wtho 2000 2001# ... 2002# Date: Wed, 4 Feb 87 22:35:22 +0100 2003# From: seismo!mcvax!cwi.nl!dik (Dik T. Winter) 2004# ... 2005# 2006# The information from Tom Hofmann is (as far as I know) not entirely correct. 2007# After a request from chongo at amdahl I tried to retrieve all information 2008# about DST in Europe. I was able to find all from about 1969. 2009# 2010# ...standardization on DST in Europe started in about 1977 with switches on 2011# first Sunday in April and last Sunday in September... 2012# In 1981 UK joined Europe insofar that 2013# the starting day for both shifted to last Sunday in March. And from 1982 2014# the whole of Europe used DST, with switch dates April 1 and October 1 in 2015# the Sov[i]et Union. In 1985 the SU reverted to standard Europe[a]n switch 2016# dates... 2017# 2018# It should also be remembered that time-zones are not constants; e.g. 2019# Portugal switched in 1976 from MET (or CET) to WET with DST... 2020# Note also that though there were rules for switch dates not 2021# all countries abided to these dates, and many individual deviations 2022# occurred, though not since 1982 I believe. Another note: it is always 2023# assumed that DST is 1 hour ahead of normal time, this need not be the 2024# case; at least in the Netherlands there have been times when DST was 2 hours 2025# in advance of normal time. 2026# 2027# ... 2028# dik t. winter, cwi, amsterdam, nederland 2029# INTERNET : dik@cwi.nl 2030# BITNET/EARN: dik@mcvax 2031 2032# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28): 2033# ... 2034# Greece: Last Sunday in April to last Sunday in September (iffy on dates). 2035# Since 1978. Change at midnight. 2036# ... 2037# Monaco: has same DST as France. 2038# ...
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