1# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 2# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 3
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4# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
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4# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, |
5# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
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6# tz@iana.org for general use in the future).
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6# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 7# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. |
8 9# From Paul Eggert (2014-05-31): 10# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 11# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 12# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 13# 14# Gwillim Law writes that a good source 15# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 16# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 17# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 18# of the IATA's data after 1990. 19# 20# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 21# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 22# 23# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 24# entries through 1991, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 25# 26# Other sources occasionally used include: 27# 28# Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 29# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), 30# which I found in the UCLA library. 31# 32# William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition 33# <http://cs.ucla.edu/~eggert/The-Waste-of-Daylight-19th.pdf> 34# [PDF] (1914-03) 35# 36# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94 37# <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>. He writes: 38# "It is requested that corrections and additions to these tables 39# may be sent to Mr. John Milne, Royal Geographical Society, 40# Savile Row, London." Nowadays please email them to tz@iana.org. 41#
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42# Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919. 43# This Russian-language source was consulted by Vladimir Karpinsky; see 44# http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-August/021320.html 45# The full Russian citation is: 46# ��������������, �������������� ��������������������. ���������� �������� �������������� �� �������������� ���������� 47# ������������������ ���������������� ������������ ���������������� �������������������� ������ �������� ������������ �� 1-���� 48# �������� 1919 ��. / ������. 2-�� ������������������������������������ ����������������. - ������������������: 49# �������������� ������. ������., 1919. 50# http://resolver.gpntb.ru/purl?docushare/dsweb/Get/Resource-2011/Byalokoz__E.L.__Novyy__schet__vremeni__v__techenie__sutok__izd__2(1).pdf 51# |
52# Brazil's Divis��o Servi��o da Hora (DSHO), 53# History of Summer Time 54# <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HISTHV.htm> 55# (1998-09-21, in Portuguese) 56 57# 58# I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table; 59# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 60# Corrections are welcome! 61# std dst 2dst 62# LMT Local Mean Time 63# -4:00 AST ADT Atlantic 64# -3:00 WGT WGST Western Greenland* 65# -1:00 EGT EGST Eastern Greenland* 66# 0:00 GMT BST BDST Greenwich, British Summer 67# 0:00 GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer 68# 0:00 WET WEST WEMT Western Europe 69# 0:19:32.13 AMT NST Amsterdam, Netherlands Summer (1835-1937)* 70# 0:20 NET NEST Netherlands (1937-1940)*
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71# 1:00 BST British Standard (1968-1971) |
72# 1:00 CET CEST CEMT Central Europe 73# 1:00:14 SET Swedish (1879-1899)* 74# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe
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63# 3:00 FET Further-eastern Europe*
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75# 3:00 FET Further-eastern Europe (2011-2014)* |
76# 3:00 MSK MSD MSM* Moscow 77 78# From Peter Ilieve (1994-12-04), 79# The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy, 80# Luxembourg, the Netherlands. 81# Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom. 82# Plus, from 1 Jan 81: Greece. 83# Plus, from 1 Jan 86: Spain, Portugal. 84# Plus, from 1 Jan 95: Austria, Finland, Sweden. (Norway negotiated terms for 85# entry but in a referendum on 28 Nov 94 the people voted No by 52.2% to 47.8% 86# on a turnout of 88.6%. This was almost the same result as Norway's previous 87# referendum in 1972, they are the only country to have said No twice. 88# Referendums in the other three countries voted Yes.) 89# ... 90# Estonia ... uses EU dates but not at 01:00 GMT, they use midnight GMT. 91# I don't think they know yet what they will do from 1996 onwards. 92# ... 93# There shouldn't be any [current members who are not using EU rules]. 94# A Directive has the force of law, member states are obliged to enact 95# national law to implement it. The only contentious issue was the 96# different end date for the UK and Ireland, and this was always allowed 97# in the Directive. 98 99 100############################################################################### 101 102# Britain (United Kingdom) and Ireland (Eire) 103 104# From Peter Ilieve (1994-07-06): 105# 106# On 17 Jan 1994 the Independent, a UK quality newspaper, had a piece about 107# historical vistas along the Thames in west London. There was a photo 108# and a sketch map showing some of the sightlines involved. One paragraph 109# of the text said: 110# 111# 'An old stone obelisk marking a forgotten terrestrial meridian stands 112# beside the river at Kew. In the 18th century, before time and longitude 113# was standardised by the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, scholars observed 114# this stone and the movement of stars from Kew Observatory nearby. They 115# made their calculations and set the time for the Horse Guards and Parliament, 116# but now the stone is obscured by scrubwood and can only be seen by walking 117# along the towpath within a few yards of it.' 118# 119# I have a one inch to one mile map of London and my estimate of the stone's 120# position is 51 degrees 28' 30" N, 0 degrees 18' 45" W. The longitude should 121# be within about +-2". The Ordnance Survey grid reference is TQ172761. 122# 123# [This yields GMTOFF = -0:01:15 for London LMT in the 18th century.] 124 125# From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18): 126# 127# Howse writes that Britain was the first country to use standard time. 128# The railways cared most about the inconsistencies of local mean time, 129# and it was they who forced a uniform time on the country. 130# The original idea was credited to Dr. William Hyde Wollaston (1766-1828) 131# and was popularized by Abraham Follett Osler (1808-1903). 132# The first railway to adopt London time was the Great Western Railway 133# in November 1840; other railways followed suit, and by 1847 most 134# (though not all) railways used London time. On 1847-09-22 the 135# Railway Clearing House, an industry standards body, recommended that GMT be 136# adopted at all stations as soon as the General Post Office permitted it. 137# The transition occurred on 12-01 for the L&NW, the Caledonian, 138# and presumably other railways; the January 1848 Bradshaw's lists many 139# railways as using GMT. By 1855 the vast majority of public 140# clocks in Britain were set to GMT (though some, like the great clock 141# on Tom Tower at Christ Church, Oxford, were fitted with two minute hands, 142# one for local time and one for GMT). The last major holdout was the legal 143# system, which stubbornly stuck to local time for many years, leading 144# to oddities like polls opening at 08:13 and closing at 16:13. 145# The legal system finally switched to GMT when the Statutes (Definition 146# of Time) Act took effect; it received the Royal Assent on 1880-08-02. 147# 148# In the tables below, we condense this complicated story into a single 149# transition date for London, namely 1847-12-01. We don't know as much 150# about Dublin, so we use 1880-08-02, the legal transition time. 151 152# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-19): 153# The ancients had no need for daylight saving, as they kept time 154# informally or via hours whose length depended on the time of year. 155# Daylight saving time in its modern sense was invented by the 156# New Zealand entomologist George Vernon Hudson (1867-1946), 157# whose day job as a postal clerk led him to value 158# after-hours daylight in which to pursue his research. 159# In 1895 he presented a paper to the Wellington Philosophical Society 160# that proposed a two-hour daylight-saving shift. See: 161# Hudson GV. On seasonal time-adjustment in countries south of lat. 30 deg. 162# Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute. 1895;28:734 163# http://rsnz.natlib.govt.nz/volume/rsnz_28/rsnz_28_00_006110.html 164# Although some interest was expressed in New Zealand, his proposal 165# did not find its way into law and eventually it was almost forgotten. 166# 167# In England, DST was independently reinvented by William Willett (1857-1915), 168# a London builder and member of the Royal Astronomical Society 169# who circulated a pamphlet "The Waste of Daylight" (1907) 170# that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April, 171# and retarding them by the same amount on four Sundays in September. 172# A bill was drafted in 1909 and introduced in Parliament several times, 173# but it met with ridicule and opposition, especially from farming interests. 174# Later editions of the pamphlet proposed one-hour summer time, and 175# it was eventually adopted as a wartime measure in 1916. 176# See: Summer Time Arrives Early, The Times (2000-05-18). 177# A monument to Willett was unveiled on 1927-05-21, in an open space in 178# a 45-acre wood near Chislehurst, Kent that was purchased by popular 179# subscription and open to the public. On the south face of the monolith, 180# designed by G. W. Miller, is the William Willett Memorial Sundial, 181# which is permanently set to Summer Time. 182 183# From Winston Churchill (1934-04-28): 184# It is one of the paradoxes of history that we should owe the boon of 185# summer time, which gives every year to the people of this country 186# between 160 and 170 hours more daylight leisure, to a war which 187# plunged Europe into darkness for four years, and shook the 188# foundations of civilization throughout the world.
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177# <http://www.winstonchurchill.org/images/finesthour/Vol.01%20No.114.pdf>
178# "A Silent Toast to William Willett", Pictorial Weekly
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189# -- "A Silent Toast to William Willett", Pictorial Weekly; 190# republished in Finest Hour (Spring 2002) 1(114):26 191# http://www.winstonchurchill.org/images/finesthour/Vol.01%20No.114.pdf |
192 193# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): 194# The OED Supplement says that the English originally said "Daylight Saving" 195# when they were debating the adoption of DST in 1908; but by 1916 this 196# term appears only in quotes taken from DST's opponents, whereas the 197# proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using "Summer". 198 199# From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-19): 200# A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's 201# known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom. 202 203# Date: 4 Jan 89 08:57:25 GMT (Wed) 204# From: Jonathan Leffler 205# [British Summer Time] is fixed annually by Act of Parliament. 206# If you can predict what Parliament will do, you should be in 207# politics making a fortune, not computing. 208 209# From Chris Carrier (1996-06-14): 210# I remember reading in various wartime issues of the London Times the 211# acronym BDST for British Double Summer Time. Look for the published 212# time of sunrise and sunset in The Times, when BDST was in effect, and 213# if you find a zone reference it will say, "All times B.D.S.T." 214 215# From Joseph S. Myers (1999-09-02): 216# ... some military cables (WO 219/4100 - this is a copy from the 217# main SHAEF archives held in the US National Archives, SHAEF/5252/8/516) 218# agree that the usage is BDST (this appears in a message dated 17 Feb 1945). 219 220# From Joseph S. Myers (2000-10-03): 221# On 18th April 1941, Sir Stephen Tallents of the BBC wrote to Sir 222# Alexander Maxwell of the Home Office asking whether there was any 223# official designation; the reply of the 21st was that there wasn't 224# but he couldn't think of anything better than the "Double British 225# Summer Time" that the BBC had been using informally.
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213# http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/bbc-19410418.png
214# http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/ho-19410421.png
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226# http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/bbc-19410418.png 227# http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/ho-19410421.png |
228 229# From Sir Alexander Maxwell in the above-mentioned letter (1941-04-21): 230# [N]o official designation has as far as I know been adopted for the time 231# which is to be introduced in May.... 232# I cannot think of anything better than "Double British Summer Time" 233# which could not be said to run counter to any official description. 234 235# From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02): 236# Howse writes (p 157) 'DBST' too, but 'BDST' seems to have been common 237# and follows the more usual convention of putting the location name first, 238# so we use 'BDST'. 239 240# Peter Ilieve (1998-04-19) described at length 241# the history of summer time legislation in the United Kingdom. 242# Since 1998 Joseph S. Myers has been updating 243# and extending this list, which can be found in
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231# http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/
232# History of legal time in Britain
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244# http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/ 245 246# From Joseph S. Myers (1998-01-06): 247# 248# The legal time in the UK outside of summer time is definitely GMT, not UTC; 249# see Lord Tanlaw's speech
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239# <http://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/ld199697/ldhansrd/pdvn/lds97/text/70611-20.htm#70611-20_head0>
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250# http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld199798/ldhansrd/vo970611/text/70611-10.htm#70611-10_head0 |
251# (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976). 252 253# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 254# 255# For lack of other data, follow Shanks & Pottenger for Eire in 1940-1948. 256# 257# Given Ilieve and Myers's data, the following claims by Shanks & Pottenger 258# are incorrect: 259# * Wales did not switch from GMT to daylight saving time until 260# 1921 Apr 3, when they began to conform with the rest of Great Britain. 261# Actually, Wales was identical after 1880. 262# * Eire had two transitions on 1916 Oct 1. 263# It actually just had one transition. 264# * Northern Ireland used single daylight saving time throughout WW II. 265# Actually, it conformed to Britain. 266# * GB-Eire changed standard time to 1 hour ahead of GMT on 1968-02-18. 267# Actually, that date saw the usual switch to summer time. 268# Standard time was not changed until 1968-10-27 (the clocks didn't change). 269# 270# Here is another incorrect claim by Shanks & Pottenger: 271# * Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man did not switch from GMT 272# to daylight saving time until 1921 Apr 3, when they began to 273# conform with Great Britain. 274# S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382 and HO 45/10811/312364 (quoted above) say otherwise. 275# 276# The following claim by Shanks & Pottenger is possible though doubtful; 277# we'll ignore it for now. 278# * Dublin's 1971-10-31 switch was at 02:00, even though London's was 03:00. 279# 280# 281# Whitman says Dublin Mean Time was -0:25:21, which is more precise than 282# Shanks & Pottenger. 283# Perhaps this was Dunsink Observatory Time, as Dunsink Observatory 284# (8 km NW of Dublin's center) seemingly was to Dublin as Greenwich was 285# to London. For example: 286# 287# "Timeball on the ballast office is down. Dunsink time." 288# -- James Joyce, Ulysses 289 290# From Joseph S. Myers (2005-01-26): 291# Irish laws are available online at <http://www.irishstatutebook.ie>. 292# These include various relating to legal time, for example: 293# 294# ZZA13Y1923.html ZZA12Y1924.html ZZA8Y1925.html ZZSIV20PG1267.html 295# 296# ZZSI71Y1947.html ZZSI128Y1948.html ZZSI23Y1949.html ZZSI41Y1950.html 297# ZZSI27Y1951.html ZZSI73Y1952.html 298# 299# ZZSI11Y1961.html ZZSI232Y1961.html ZZSI182Y1962.html 300# ZZSI167Y1963.html ZZSI257Y1964.html ZZSI198Y1967.html 301# ZZA23Y1968.html ZZA17Y1971.html 302# 303# ZZSI67Y1981.html ZZSI212Y1982.html ZZSI45Y1986.html 304# ZZSI264Y1988.html ZZSI52Y1990.html ZZSI371Y1992.html 305# ZZSI395Y1994.html ZZSI484Y1997.html ZZSI506Y2001.html 306# 307# [These are all relative to the root, e.g., the first is 308# <http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/ZZA13Y1923.html>.] 309# 310# (These are those I found, but there could be more. In any case these 311# should allow various updates to the comments in the europe file to cover 312# the laws applicable in Ireland.) 313# 314# (Note that the time in the Republic of Ireland since 1968 has been defined 315# in terms of standard time being GMT+1 with a period of winter time when it 316# is GMT, rather than standard time being GMT with a period of summer time 317# being GMT+1.) 318 319# From Paul Eggert (1999-03-28): 320# Clive Feather (<news:859845706.26043.0@office.demon.net>, 1997-03-31) 321# reports that Folkestone (Cheriton) Shuttle Terminal uses Concession Time 322# (CT), equivalent to French civil time. 323# Julian Hill (<news:36118128.5A14@virgin.net>, 1998-09-30) reports that 324# trains between Dollands Moor (the freight facility next door) 325# and Frethun run in CT. 326# My admittedly uninformed guess is that the terminal has two authorities, 327# the French concession operators and the British civil authorities, 328# and that the time depends on who you're talking to. 329# If, say, the British police were called to the station for some reason, 330# I would expect the official police report to use GMT/BST and not CET/CEST. 331# This is a borderline case, but for now let's stick to GMT/BST. 332 333# From an anonymous contributor (1996-06-02): 334# The law governing time in Ireland is under Statutory Instrument SI 395/94, 335# which gives force to European Union 7th Council Directive # 94/21/EC. 336# Under this directive, the Minister for Justice in Ireland makes appropriate 337# regulations. I spoke this morning with the Secretary of the Department of 338# Justice (tel +353 1 678 9711) who confirmed to me that the correct name is 339# "Irish Summer Time", abbreviated to "IST". 340 341# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 342# Summer Time Act, 1916 343Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - May 21 2:00s 1:00 BST 344Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 GMT 345# S.R.&O. 1917, No. 358 346Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 BST 347Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 GMT 348# S.R.&O. 1918, No. 274 349Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Mar 24 2:00s 1:00 BST 350Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Sep 30 2:00s 0 GMT 351# S.R.&O. 1919, No. 297 352Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 BST 353Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Sep 29 2:00s 0 GMT 354# S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458 355Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Mar 28 2:00s 1:00 BST 356# S.R.&O. 1920, No. 1844 357Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Oct 25 2:00s 0 GMT 358# S.R.&O. 1921, No. 363 359Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST 360Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 GMT 361# S.R.&O. 1922, No. 264 362Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 BST 363Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Oct 8 2:00s 0 GMT 364# The Summer Time Act, 1922 365Rule GB-Eire 1923 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 366Rule GB-Eire 1923 1924 - Sep Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT 367Rule GB-Eire 1924 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 368Rule GB-Eire 1925 1926 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 369# The Summer Time Act, 1925 370Rule GB-Eire 1925 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT 371Rule GB-Eire 1927 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 372Rule GB-Eire 1928 1929 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 373Rule GB-Eire 1930 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 374Rule GB-Eire 1931 1932 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 375Rule GB-Eire 1933 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 376Rule GB-Eire 1934 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 377Rule GB-Eire 1935 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 378Rule GB-Eire 1936 1937 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 379Rule GB-Eire 1938 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 380Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 381# S.R.&O. 1939, No. 1379 382Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Nov Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT 383# S.R.&O. 1940, No. 172 and No. 1883 384Rule GB-Eire 1940 only - Feb Sun>=23 2:00s 1:00 BST 385# S.R.&O. 1941, No. 476 386Rule GB-Eire 1941 only - May Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST 387Rule GB-Eire 1941 1943 - Aug Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST 388# S.R.&O. 1942, No. 506 389Rule GB-Eire 1942 1944 - Apr Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST 390# S.R.&O. 1944, No. 932 391Rule GB-Eire 1944 only - Sep Sun>=16 1:00s 1:00 BST 392# S.R.&O. 1945, No. 312 393Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Apr Mon>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST 394Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Jul Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST 395# S.R.&O. 1945, No. 1208 396Rule GB-Eire 1945 1946 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT 397Rule GB-Eire 1946 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 398# The Summer Time Act, 1947 399Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Mar 16 2:00s 1:00 BST 400Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Apr 13 1:00s 2:00 BDST 401Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Aug 10 1:00s 1:00 BST 402Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 GMT 403# Summer Time Order, 1948 (S.I. 1948/495) 404Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Mar 14 2:00s 1:00 BST 405Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Oct 31 2:00s 0 GMT 406# Summer Time Order, 1949 (S.I. 1949/373) 407Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST 408Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Oct 30 2:00s 0 GMT 409# Summer Time Order, 1950 (S.I. 1950/518) 410# Summer Time Order, 1951 (S.I. 1951/430) 411# Summer Time Order, 1952 (S.I. 1952/451) 412Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Apr Sun>=14 2:00s 1:00 BST 413Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00s 0 GMT 414# revert to the rules of the Summer Time Act, 1925 415Rule GB-Eire 1953 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 416Rule GB-Eire 1953 1960 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT 417Rule GB-Eire 1954 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 418Rule GB-Eire 1955 1956 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 419Rule GB-Eire 1957 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 420Rule GB-Eire 1958 1959 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 421Rule GB-Eire 1960 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 422# Summer Time Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/71) 423# Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/2465) 424# Summer Time Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/81) 425Rule GB-Eire 1961 1963 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 BST 426Rule GB-Eire 1961 1968 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT 427# Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/2101) 428# Summer Time Order, 1964 (S.I. 1964/1201) 429# Summer Time Order, 1967 (S.I. 1967/1148) 430Rule GB-Eire 1964 1967 - Mar Sun>=19 2:00s 1:00 BST 431# Summer Time Order, 1968 (S.I. 1968/117) 432Rule GB-Eire 1968 only - Feb 18 2:00s 1:00 BST 433# The British Standard Time Act, 1968 434# (no summer time) 435# The Summer Time Act, 1972 436Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 437Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT 438# Summer Time Order, 1980 (S.I. 1980/1089) 439# Summer Time Order, 1982 (S.I. 1982/1673) 440# Summer Time Order, 1986 (S.I. 1986/223) 441# Summer Time Order, 1988 (S.I. 1988/931) 442Rule GB-Eire 1981 1995 - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 BST 443Rule GB-Eire 1981 1989 - Oct Sun>=23 1:00u 0 GMT 444# Summer Time Order, 1989 (S.I. 1989/985) 445# Summer Time Order, 1992 (S.I. 1992/1729) 446# Summer Time Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2798) 447Rule GB-Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u 0 GMT 448# Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982) 449# See EU for rules starting in 1996. 450# 451# Use Europe/London for Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man. 452 453# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
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443Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Dec 1 0:00s
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454Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Dec 1 0:00s |
455 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27
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445 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
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456 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u |
457 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996 458 0:00 EU GMT/BST 459Link Europe/London Europe/Jersey 460Link Europe/London Europe/Guernsey 461Link Europe/London Europe/Isle_of_Man
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462 463# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
464Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:00 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
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452 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00
453 -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s
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465 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 466 -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s |
467 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1921 Dec 6 # independence
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455 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1940 Feb 25 2:00
456 0:00 1:00 IST 1946 Oct 6 2:00
457 0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00
458 0:00 1:00 IST 1947 Nov 2 2:00
459 0:00 - GMT 1948 Apr 18 2:00
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468 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1940 Feb 25 2:00 469 0:00 1:00 IST 1946 Oct 6 2:00 470 0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00 471 0:00 1:00 IST 1947 Nov 2 2:00 472 0:00 - GMT 1948 Apr 18 2:00 |
473 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1968 Oct 27
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461 1:00 - IST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
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474 1:00 - IST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u |
475 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1996 476 0:00 EU GMT/IST 477 478############################################################################### 479 480# Europe 481 482# EU rules are for the European Union, previously known as the EC, EEC, 483# Common Market, etc. 484 485# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 486Rule EU 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00u 1:00 S 487Rule EU 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - 488Rule EU 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00u 0 - 489Rule EU 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - 490Rule EU 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S 491Rule EU 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 - 492# The most recent directive covers the years starting in 2002. See: 493# Directive 2000/84/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council 494# of 19 January 2001 on summer-time arrangements.
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482# <http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32000L0084:EN:NOT>
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495# http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32000L0084:EN:NOT |
496 497# W-Eur differs from EU only in that W-Eur uses standard time. 498Rule W-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S 499Rule W-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 500Rule W-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00s 0 - 501Rule W-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 502Rule W-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 503Rule W-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 - 504 505# Older C-Eur rules are for convenience in the tables. 506# From 1977 on, C-Eur differs from EU only in that C-Eur uses standard time. 507Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S 508Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 509Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S 510Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 - 511Rule C-Eur 1940 only - Apr 1 2:00s 1:00 S 512Rule C-Eur 1942 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 - 513Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00s 1:00 S 514Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00s 0 - 515Rule C-Eur 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 516# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 517Rule C-Eur 1944 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 - 518# From Jesper N��rgaard Welen (2008-07-13): 519# 520# I found what is probably a typo of 2:00 which should perhaps be 2:00s 521# in the C-Eur rule from tz database version 2008d (this part was 522# corrected in version 2008d). The circumstantial evidence is simply the 523# tz database itself, as seen below: 524# 525# Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 526# 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 527# 528# Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15
|
516# 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
|
529# 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 |
530# 531# Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884 532# 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s 533# 534# Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 - 535# Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 536# Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 537# 538# The rule line to be changed is: 539# 540# Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 - 541# 542# It seems that Paris, Monaco, Rule France, Rule Belgium all agree on 543# 2:00 standard time, e.g. 3:00 local time. However there are no 544# countries that use C-Eur rules in September 1945, so the only items 545# affected are apparently these fictitious zones that translate acronyms 546# CET and MET: 547# 548# Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 549# Zone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT 550# 551# It this is right then the corrected version would look like: 552# 553# Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 554# 555# A small step for mankind though 8-) 556Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 557Rule C-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 558Rule C-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 559Rule C-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - 560Rule C-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 561Rule C-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 562Rule C-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 563 564# E-Eur differs from EU only in that E-Eur switches at midnight local time. 565Rule E-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 566Rule E-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 567Rule E-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 568Rule E-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 569Rule E-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 570Rule E-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 571 572# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
560Rule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 MST # Moscow Summer Time
561Rule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 MMT # Moscow Mean Time
562Rule Russia 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 MDST # Moscow Double Summer Time
|
573Rule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 MST # Moscow Summer Time 574Rule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 MMT # Moscow Mean Time 575Rule Russia 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 MDST # Moscow Double Summer Time |
576Rule Russia 1918 only - Sep 16 1:00 1:00 MST 577Rule Russia 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 MDST 578Rule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 MSD 579Rule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 MSK 580Rule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 MSD
|
568Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 MSM # Midsummer
|
581Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 MSM # Midsummer |
582Rule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 MSD 583Rule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 584# Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1980-10-24): 585Rule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 586Rule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 587# Act No.967 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1984-09-13), repeated in 588# Act No.227 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1989-03-14): 589Rule Russia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 590Rule Russia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 591# 592Rule Russia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S 593Rule Russia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 - 594Rule Russia 1993 2010 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 595Rule Russia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 596Rule Russia 1996 2010 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 597 598# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-06-14): 599# According to Kremlin press service, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev 600# signed a federal law "On calculation of time" on June 9, 2011. 601# According to the law Russia is abolishing daylight saving time. 602# 603# Medvedev signed a law "On the Calculation of Time" (in russian): 604# http://bmockbe.ru/events/?ID=7583 605# 606# Medvedev signed a law on the calculation of the time (in russian): 607# http://www.regnum.ru/news/polit/1413906.html 608 609# From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15): 610# Take "abolishing daylight saving time" to mean that time is now considered 611# to be standard. 612 613# These are for backward compatibility with older versions. 614 615# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 616Zone WET 0:00 EU WE%sT 617Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 618Zone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT 619Zone EET 2:00 EU EE%sT 620 621# Previous editions of this database used abbreviations like MET DST 622# for Central European Summer Time, but this didn't agree with common usage. 623 624# From Markus Kuhn (1996-07-12): 625# The official German names ... are 626# 627# Mitteleurop��ische Zeit (MEZ) = UTC+01:00 628# Mitteleurop��ische Sommerzeit (MESZ) = UTC+02:00 629# 630# as defined in the German Time Act (Gesetz ��ber die Zeitbestimmung (ZeitG), 631# 1978-07-25, Bundesgesetzblatt, Jahrgang 1978, Teil I, S. 1110-1111).... 632# I wrote ... to the German Federal Physical-Technical Institution 633# 634# Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) 635# Laboratorium 4.41 "Zeiteinheit" 636# Postfach 3345 637# D-38023 Braunschweig 638# phone: +49 531 592-0 639# 640# ... I received today an answer letter from Dr. Peter Hetzel, head of the PTB 641# department for time and frequency transmission. He explained that the 642# PTB translates MEZ and MESZ into English as 643# 644# Central European Time (CET) = UTC+01:00 645# Central European Summer Time (CEST) = UTC+02:00 646 647 648# Albania 649# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 650Rule Albania 1940 only - Jun 16 0:00 1:00 S 651Rule Albania 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 652Rule Albania 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S 653Rule Albania 1943 only - Apr 10 3:00 0 - 654Rule Albania 1974 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 S 655Rule Albania 1974 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 656Rule Albania 1975 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 657Rule Albania 1975 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 658Rule Albania 1976 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S 659Rule Albania 1976 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 660Rule Albania 1977 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S 661Rule Albania 1977 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 662Rule Albania 1978 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S 663Rule Albania 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 664Rule Albania 1979 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 S 665Rule Albania 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 666Rule Albania 1980 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 S 667Rule Albania 1980 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 668Rule Albania 1981 only - Apr 26 0:00 1:00 S 669Rule Albania 1981 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 - 670Rule Albania 1982 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S 671Rule Albania 1982 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 672Rule Albania 1983 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 S 673Rule Albania 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 674Rule Albania 1984 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 675# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 676Zone Europe/Tirane 1:19:20 - LMT 1914 677 1:00 - CET 1940 Jun 16 678 1:00 Albania CE%sT 1984 Jul 679 1:00 EU CE%sT 680 681# Andorra 682# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 683Zone Europe/Andorra 0:06:04 - LMT 1901 684 0:00 - WET 1946 Sep 30
|
672 1:00 - CET 1985 Mar 31 2:00
|
685 1:00 - CET 1985 Mar 31 2:00 |
686 1:00 EU CE%sT 687 688# Austria 689 690# Milne says Vienna time was 1:05:21. 691 692# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): Shanks & Pottenger give 1918-06-16 and 693# 1945-11-18, but the Austrian Federal Office of Metrology and 694# Surveying (BEV) gives 1918-09-16 and for Vienna gives the "alleged" 695# date of 1945-04-12 with no time. For the 1980-04-06 transition 696# Shanks & Pottenger give 02:00, the BEV 00:00. Go with the BEV, 697# and guess 02:00 for 1945-04-12. 698 699# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 700Rule Austria 1920 only - Apr 5 2:00s 1:00 S 701Rule Austria 1920 only - Sep 13 2:00s 0 - 702Rule Austria 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S 703Rule Austria 1946 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 704Rule Austria 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S 705Rule Austria 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 706Rule Austria 1980 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S 707Rule Austria 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 708# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 709Zone Europe/Vienna 1:05:21 - LMT 1893 Apr 710 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1920
|
698 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1940 Apr 1 2:00s
699 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s
700 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Apr 12 2:00s
|
711 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1940 Apr 1 2:00s 712 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s 713 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Apr 12 2:00s |
714 1:00 - CET 1946 715 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1981 716 1:00 EU CE%sT 717 718# Belarus 719# From Yauhen Kharuzhy (2011-09-16): 720# By latest Belarus government act Europe/Minsk timezone was changed to 721# GMT+3 without DST (was GMT+2 with DST). 722# 723# Sources (Russian language): 724# http://www.belta.by/ru/all_news/society/V-Belarusi-otmenjaetsja-perexod-na-sezonnoe-vremja_i_572952.html 725# http://naviny.by/rubrics/society/2011/09/16/ic_articles_116_175144/ 726# http://news.tut.by/society/250578.html
|
727# 728# From Alexander Bokovoy (2014-10-09): 729# Belarussian government decided against changing to winter time.... 730# http://eng.belta.by/all_news/society/Belarus-decides-against-adjusting-time-in-Russias-wake_i_76335.html 731# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-08): 732# Hence Belarus can share time zone abbreviations with Moscow again. 733# |
734# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 735Zone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880
|
716 1:50 - MMT 1924 May 2 # Minsk Mean Time
|
736 1:50 - MMT 1924 May 2 # Minsk Mean Time |
737 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 738 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 28 739 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul 3 740 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
|
721 3:00 - MSK 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
722 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
723 2:00 - EET 1992 Mar 29 0:00s
724 2:00 1:00 EEST 1992 Sep 27 0:00s
725 2:00 Russia EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
726 3:00 - FET
|
741 3:00 - MSK 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 742 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 743 2:00 - EET 1992 Mar 29 0:00s 744 2:00 1:00 EEST 1992 Sep 27 0:00s 745 2:00 Russia EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 746 3:00 - FET 2014 Oct 26 1:00s 747 3:00 - MSK |
748 749# Belgium 750# 751# From Paul Eggert (1997-07-02): 752# Entries from 1918 through 1991 are taken from: 753# Annuaire de L'Observatoire Royal de Belgique, 754# Avenue Circulaire, 3, B-1180 BRUXELLES, CLVIIe ann��e, 1991 755# (Imprimerie HAYEZ, s.p.r.l., Rue Fin, 4, 1080 BRUXELLES, MCMXC), 756# pp 8-9. 757# LMT before 1892 was 0:17:30, according to the official journal of Belgium: 758# Moniteur Belge, Samedi 30 Avril 1892, N.121. 759# Thanks to Pascal Delmoitie for these references. 760# The 1918 rules are listed for completeness; they apply to unoccupied Belgium. 761# Assume Brussels switched to WET in 1918 when the armistice took effect. 762# 763# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 764Rule Belgium 1918 only - Mar 9 0:00s 1:00 S 765Rule Belgium 1918 1919 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 766Rule Belgium 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 767Rule Belgium 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 768Rule Belgium 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 769Rule Belgium 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 770Rule Belgium 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 - 771Rule Belgium 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S 772Rule Belgium 1922 1927 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 773Rule Belgium 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00s 1:00 S 774Rule Belgium 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S 775Rule Belgium 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S 776# DSH writes that a royal decree of 1926-02-22 specified the Sun following 3rd 777# Sat in Apr (except if it's Easter, in which case it's one Sunday earlier), 778# to Sun following 1st Sat in Oct, and that a royal decree of 1928-09-15 779# changed the transition times to 02:00 GMT. 780Rule Belgium 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 781Rule Belgium 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 782Rule Belgium 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 783Rule Belgium 1928 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 - 784Rule Belgium 1929 only - Apr 21 2:00s 1:00 S 785Rule Belgium 1930 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 S 786Rule Belgium 1931 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S 787Rule Belgium 1932 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S 788Rule Belgium 1933 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 S 789Rule Belgium 1934 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S 790Rule Belgium 1935 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S 791Rule Belgium 1936 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S 792Rule Belgium 1937 only - Apr 4 2:00s 1:00 S 793Rule Belgium 1938 only - Mar 27 2:00s 1:00 S 794Rule Belgium 1939 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 S 795Rule Belgium 1939 only - Nov 19 2:00s 0 - 796Rule Belgium 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00s 1:00 S 797Rule Belgium 1944 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 - 798Rule Belgium 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 799Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 800Rule Belgium 1946 only - May 19 2:00s 1:00 S 801Rule Belgium 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - 802# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 803Zone Europe/Brussels 0:17:30 - LMT 1880
|
783 0:17:30 - BMT 1892 May 1 12:00 # Brussels MT
|
804 0:17:30 - BMT 1892 May 1 12:00 # Brussels MT |
805 0:00 - WET 1914 Nov 8 806 1:00 - CET 1916 May 1 0:00 807 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Nov 11 11:00u 808 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 20 2:00s 809 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 3 810 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977 811 1:00 EU CE%sT 812 813# Bosnia and Herzegovina 814# See Europe/Belgrade. 815 816# Bulgaria 817# 818# From Plamen Simenov via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 819# A document of Government of Bulgaria (No.94/1997) says: 820# EET -> EETDST is in 03:00 Local time in last Sunday of March ... 821# EETDST -> EET is in 04:00 Local time in last Sunday of October 822# 823# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 824Rule Bulg 1979 only - Mar 31 23:00 1:00 S 825Rule Bulg 1979 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 826Rule Bulg 1980 1982 - Apr Sat>=1 23:00 1:00 S 827Rule Bulg 1980 only - Sep 29 1:00 0 - 828Rule Bulg 1981 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 - 829# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 830Zone Europe/Sofia 1:33:16 - LMT 1880 831 1:56:56 - IMT 1894 Nov 30 # Istanbul MT? 832 2:00 - EET 1942 Nov 2 3:00 833 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945
|
813 1:00 - CET 1945 Apr 2 3:00
|
834 1:00 - CET 1945 Apr 2 3:00 |
835 2:00 - EET 1979 Mar 31 23:00 836 2:00 Bulg EE%sT 1982 Sep 26 2:00 837 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 838 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 839 2:00 EU EE%sT 840 841# Croatia 842# See Europe/Belgrade. 843 844# Cyprus 845# Please see the 'asia' file for Asia/Nicosia. 846 847# Czech Republic 848# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 849Rule Czech 1945 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S 850Rule Czech 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - 851Rule Czech 1946 only - May 6 2:00s 1:00 S 852Rule Czech 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 853Rule Czech 1947 only - Apr 20 2:00s 1:00 S 854Rule Czech 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 855Rule Czech 1949 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 S 856# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 857Zone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850
|
837 0:57:44 - PMT 1891 Oct # Prague Mean Time
838 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 17 2:00s
|
858 0:57:44 - PMT 1891 Oct # Prague Mean Time 859 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 17 2:00s |
860 1:00 Czech CE%sT 1979 861 1:00 EU CE%sT 862# Use Europe/Prague also for Slovakia. 863 864# Denmark, Faroe Islands, and Greenland 865 866# From Jesper N��rgaard Welen (2005-04-26): 867# http://www.hum.aau.dk/~poe/tid/tine/DanskTid.htm says that the law 868# [introducing standard time] was in effect from 1894-01-01.... 869# The page http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A18930008330-REGL 870# confirms this, and states that the law was put forth 1893-03-29. 871# 872# The EU treaty with effect from 1973: 873# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19722110030-REGL 874# 875# This provoked a new law from 1974 to make possible summer time changes 876# in subsequent decrees with the law 877# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19740022330-REGL 878# 879# It seems however that no decree was set forward until 1980. I have 880# not found any decree, but in another related law, the effecting DST 881# changes are stated explicitly to be from 1980-04-06 at 02:00 to 882# 1980-09-28 at 02:00. If this is true, this differs slightly from 883# the EU rule in that DST runs to 02:00, not 03:00. We don't know 884# when Denmark began using the EU rule correctly, but we have only 885# confirmation of the 1980-time, so I presume it was correct in 1981: 886# The law is about the management of the extra hour, concerning 887# working hours reported and effect on obligatory-rest rules (which 888# was suspended on that night): 889# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/C19801120554-REGL 890 891# From Jesper N��rgaard Welen (2005-06-11): 892# The Herning Folkeblad (1980-09-26) reported that the night between 893# Saturday and Sunday the clock is set back from three to two. 894 895# From Paul Eggert (2005-06-11): 896# Hence the "02:00" of the 1980 law refers to standard time, not 897# wall-clock time, and so the EU rules were in effect in 1980. 898 899# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 900Rule Denmark 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S 901Rule Denmark 1916 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 - 902Rule Denmark 1940 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 903Rule Denmark 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 904Rule Denmark 1945 only - Aug 15 2:00s 0 - 905Rule Denmark 1946 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 S 906Rule Denmark 1946 only - Sep 1 2:00s 0 - 907Rule Denmark 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S 908Rule Denmark 1947 only - Aug 10 2:00s 0 - 909Rule Denmark 1948 only - May 9 2:00s 1:00 S 910Rule Denmark 1948 only - Aug 8 2:00s 0 - 911# 912# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 913Zone Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890 914 0:50:20 - CMT 1894 Jan 1 # Copenhagen MT
|
894 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
895 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
|
915 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s 916 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 |
917 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1980 918 1:00 EU CE%sT
|
898Zone Atlantic/Faroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # T��rshavn
|
919Zone Atlantic/Faroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # T��rshavn |
920 0:00 - WET 1981 921 0:00 EU WE%sT 922# 923# From Paul Eggert (2004-10-31): 924# During World War II, Germany maintained secret manned weather stations in 925# East Greenland and Franz Josef Land, but we don't know their time zones. 926# My source for this is Wilhelm Dege's book mentioned under Svalbard. 927# 928# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 929# Greenland joined the EU as part of Denmark, obtained home rule on 1979-05-01, 930# and left the EU on 1985-02-01. It therefore should have been using EU 931# rules at least through 1984. Shanks & Pottenger say Scoresbysund and Godth��b 932# used C-Eur rules after 1980, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says they use EU 933# rules since at least 1991. Assume EU rules since 1980. 934 935# From Gwillim Law (2001-06-06), citing 936# <http://www.statkart.no/efs/efshefter/2001/efs5-2001.pdf> (2001-03-15), 937# and with translations corrected by Steffen Thorsen: 938# 939# Greenland has four local times, and the relation to UTC 940# is according to the following time line: 941# 942# The military zone near Thule UTC-4 943# Standard Greenland time UTC-3 944# Scoresbysund UTC-1 945# Danmarkshavn UTC 946# 947# In the military area near Thule and in Danmarkshavn DST will not be 948# introduced. 949 950# From Rives McDow (2001-11-01): 951# 952# I correspond regularly with the Dansk Polarcenter, and wrote them at 953# the time to clarify the situation in Thule. Unfortunately, I have 954# not heard back from them regarding my recent letter. [But I have 955# info from earlier correspondence.] 956# 957# According to the center, a very small local time zone around Thule 958# Air Base keeps the time according to UTC-4, implementing daylight 959# savings using North America rules, changing the time at 02:00 local time.... 960# 961# The east coast of Greenland north of the community of Scoresbysund 962# uses UTC in the same way as in Iceland, year round, with no dst. 963# There are just a few stations on this coast, including the 964# Danmarkshavn ICAO weather station mentioned in your September 29th 965# email. The other stations are two sledge patrol stations in 966# Mestersvig and Daneborg, the air force base at Station Nord, and the 967# DPC research station at Zackenberg. 968# 969# Scoresbysund and two small villages nearby keep time UTC-1 and use 970# the same daylight savings time period as in West Greenland (Godth��b). 971# 972# The rest of Greenland, including Godth��b (this area, although it 973# includes central Greenland, is known as west Greenland), keeps time 974# UTC-3, with daylight savings methods according to European rules. 975# 976# It is common procedure to use UTC 0 in the wilderness of East and 977# North Greenland, because it is mainly Icelandic aircraft operators 978# maintaining traffic in these areas. However, the official status of 979# this area is that it sticks with Godth��b time. This area might be 980# considered a dual time zone in some respects because of this. 981 982# From Rives McDow (2001-11-19): 983# I heard back from someone stationed at Thule; the time change took place 984# there at 2:00 AM. 985 986# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 987# From 1997 on the CIA map shows Danmarkshavn on GMT; 988# the 1995 map as like Godth��b. 989# For lack of better info, assume they were like Godth��b before 1996. 990# startkart.no says Thule does not observe DST, but this is clearly an error, 991# so go with Shanks & Pottenger for Thule transitions until this year. 992# For 2007 on assume Thule will stay in sync with US DST rules. 993# 994# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 995Rule Thule 1991 1992 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 996Rule Thule 1991 1992 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S 997Rule Thule 1993 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 998Rule Thule 1993 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S 999Rule Thule 2007 max - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D 1000Rule Thule 2007 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 1001# 1002# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1003Zone America/Danmarkshavn -1:14:40 - LMT 1916 Jul 28
|
983 -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
|
1004 -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 |
1005 -3:00 EU WG%sT 1996 1006 0:00 - GMT 1007Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:27:52 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormiit
|
987 -2:00 - CGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
|
1008 -2:00 - CGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 |
1009 -2:00 C-Eur CG%sT 1981 Mar 29 1010 -1:00 EU EG%sT 1011Zone America/Godthab -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Nuuk
|
991 -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
|
1012 -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 |
1013 -3:00 EU WG%sT 1014Zone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik air base 1015 -4:00 Thule A%sT 1016 1017# Estonia 1018# From Peter Ilieve (1994-10-15): 1019# A relative in Tallinn confirms the accuracy of the data for 1989 onwards 1020# [through 1994] and gives the legal authority for it, 1021# a regulation of the Government of Estonia, No. 111 of 1989.... 1022# 1023# From Peter Ilieve (1996-10-28): 1024# [IATA SSIM (1992/1996) claims that the Baltic republics switch at 01:00s, 1025# but a relative confirms that Estonia still switches at 02:00s, writing:] 1026# "I do not [know] exactly but there are some little different 1027# (confusing) rules for International Air and Railway Transport Schedules 1028# conversion in Sunday connected with end of summer time in Estonia.... 1029# A discussion is running about the summer time efficiency and effect on 1030# human physiology. It seems that Estonia maybe will not change to 1031# summer time next spring." 1032 1033# From Peter Ilieve (1998-11-04), heavily edited: 1034# The 1998-09-22 Estonian time law
|
1014# <http://trip.rk.ee/cgi-bin/thw?${BASE}=akt&${OOHTML}=rtd&TA=1998&TO=1&AN=1390>
|
1035# http://trip.rk.ee/cgi-bin/thw?${BASE}=akt&${OOHTML}=rtd&TA=1998&TO=1&AN=1390 |
1036# refers to the Eighth Directive and cites the association agreement between 1037# the EU and Estonia, ratified by the Estonian law (RT II 1995, 22-27, 120). 1038# 1039# I also asked [my relative] whether they use any standard abbreviation 1040# for their standard and summer times. He says no, they use "suveaeg" 1041# (summer time) and "talveaeg" (winter time). 1042 1043# From The Baltic Times <http://www.baltictimes.com/> (1999-09-09) 1044# via Steffen Thorsen: 1045# This year will mark the last time Estonia shifts to summer time, 1046# a council of the ruling coalition announced Sept. 6.... 1047# But what this could mean for Estonia's chances of joining the European 1048# Union are still unclear. In 1994, the EU declared summer time compulsory 1049# for all member states until 2001. Brussels has yet to decide what to do 1050# after that. 1051 1052# From Mart Oruaas (2000-01-29): 1053# Regulation no. 301 (1999-10-12) obsoletes previous regulation 1054# no. 206 (1998-09-22) and thus sticks Estonia to +02:00 GMT for all 1055# the year round. The regulation is effective 1999-11-01. 1056 1057# From Toomas Soome (2002-02-21): 1058# The Estonian government has changed once again timezone politics. 1059# Now we are using again EU rules. 1060# 1061# From Urmet J��nes (2002-03-28): 1062# The legislative reference is Government decree No. 84 on 2002-02-21. 1063 1064# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1065Zone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880
|
1045 1:39:00 - TMT 1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time
|
1066 1:39:00 - TMT 1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time |
1067 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1919 Jul 1068 1:39:00 - TMT 1921 May 1069 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 6 1070 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 15 1071 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 22
|
1051 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
1052 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep 24 2:00s
|
1072 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 1073 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep 24 2:00s |
1074 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 Sep 22 1075 2:00 EU EE%sT 1999 Nov 1 1076 2:00 - EET 2002 Feb 21 1077 2:00 EU EE%sT 1078 1079# Finland 1080 1081# From Hannu Strang (1994-09-25 06:03:37 UTC): 1082# Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one, 1083# and it's supposed to change at 4am... 1084 1085# From Janne Snabb (2010-07-15): 1086# 1087# I noticed that the Finland data is not accurate for years 1981 and 1982. 1088# During these two first trial years the DST adjustment was made one hour 1089# earlier than in forthcoming years. Starting 1983 the adjustment was made 1090# according to the central European standards. 1091# 1092# This is documented in Heikki Oja: Aikakirja 2007, published by The Almanac 1093# Office of University of Helsinki, ISBN 952-10-3221-9, available online (in 1094# Finnish) at 1095# http://almanakka.helsinki.fi/aikakirja/Aikakirja2007kokonaan.pdf 1096# 1097# Page 105 (56 in PDF version) has a handy table of all past daylight savings 1098# transitions. It is easy enough to interpret without Finnish skills. 1099# 1100# This is also confirmed by Finnish Broadcasting Company's archive at: 1101# http://www.yle.fi/elavaarkisto/?s=s&g=1&ag=5&t=&a=3401 1102# 1103# The news clip from 1981 says that "the time between 2 and 3 o'clock does not 1104# exist tonight." 1105 1106# From Konstantin Hypp��nen (2014-06-13): 1107# [Heikki Oja's book Aikakirja 2013] 1108# http://almanakka.helsinki.fi/images/aikakirja/Aikakirja2013kokonaan.pdf 1109# pages 104-105, including a scan from a newspaper published on Apr 2 1942 1110# say that ... [o]n Apr 2 1942, 24 o'clock (which means Apr 3 1942, 1111# 00:00), clocks were moved one hour forward. The newspaper 1112# mentions "on the night from Thursday to Friday".... 1113# On Oct 4 1942, clocks were moved at 1:00 one hour backwards. 1114# 1115# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-14): 1116# Go with Oja over Shanks. 1117 1118# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1119Rule Finland 1942 only - Apr 2 24:00 1:00 S 1120Rule Finland 1942 only - Oct 4 1:00 0 - 1121Rule Finland 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 1122Rule Finland 1981 1982 - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 - 1123 1124# Milne says Helsinki (Helsingfors) time was 1:39:49.2 (official document); 1125# round to nearest. 1126 1127# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1128Zone Europe/Helsinki 1:39:49 - LMT 1878 May 31 1129 1:39:49 - HMT 1921 May # Helsinki Mean Time 1130 2:00 Finland EE%sT 1983 1131 2:00 EU EE%sT 1132 1133# ��land Is 1134Link Europe/Helsinki Europe/Mariehamn 1135 1136 1137# France 1138 1139# From Ciro Discepolo (2000-12-20): 1140# 1141# Henri Le Corre, R��gimes horaires pour le monde entier, ��ditions 1142# Traditionnelles - Paris 2 books, 1993 1143# 1144# Gabriel, Trait�� de l'heure dans le monde, Guy Tr��daniel, 1145# Paris, 1991 1146# 1147# Fran��oise Gauquelin, Probl��mes de l'heure r��solus en astrologie, 1148# Guy Tr��daniel, Paris 1987 1149 1150 1151# 1152# Shank & Pottenger seem to use '24:00' ambiguously; resolve it with Whitman. 1153# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1154Rule France 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S 1155Rule France 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - 1156Rule France 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S 1157Rule France 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S 1158Rule France 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 1159Rule France 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 1160Rule France 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 1161Rule France 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 1162Rule France 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 - 1163Rule France 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S 1164# DSH writes that a law of 1923-05-24 specified 3rd Sat in Apr at 23:00 to 1st 1165# Sat in Oct at 24:00; and that in 1930, because of Easter, the transitions 1166# were Apr 12 and Oct 5. Go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1167Rule France 1922 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 1168Rule France 1923 only - May 26 23:00s 1:00 S 1169Rule France 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S 1170Rule France 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S 1171Rule France 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 1172Rule France 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 1173Rule France 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 1174Rule France 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S 1175Rule France 1930 only - Apr 12 23:00s 1:00 S 1176Rule France 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 1177Rule France 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S 1178Rule France 1933 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S 1179Rule France 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S 1180Rule France 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S 1181Rule France 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 1182Rule France 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S 1183Rule France 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S 1184Rule France 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 1185Rule France 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 1186Rule France 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S 1187# The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris, but Shanks & Pottenger 1188# write that they were used in Monaco and in many French locations. 1189# Le Corre writes that the upper limit of the free zone was Arn��guy, Orthez, 1190# Mont-de-Marsan, Bazas, Langon, Lamothe-Montravel, Mar��uil, La 1191# Rochefoucauld, Champagne-Mouton, La Roche-Posay, La Haye-Descartes, 1192# Loches, Montrichard, Vierzon, Bourges, Moulins, Digoin, 1193# Paray-le-Monial, Montceau-les-Mines, Chalon-sur-Sa��ne, Arbois, 1194# Dole, Morez, St-Claude, and Collonges (Haute-Savoie). 1195Rule France 1941 only - May 5 0:00 2:00 M # Midsummer 1196# Shanks & Pottenger say this transition occurred at Oct 6 1:00, 1197# but go with Denis Excoffier (1997-12-12), 1198# who quotes the Eph��m��rides astronomiques for 1998 from Bureau des Longitudes 1199# as saying 5/10/41 22hUT. 1200Rule France 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 S 1201Rule France 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 2:00 M 1202Rule France 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 1:00 S 1203Rule France 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 2:00 M 1204Rule France 1943 only - Oct 4 3:00 1:00 S 1205Rule France 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00 2:00 M 1206Rule France 1944 only - Oct 8 1:00 1:00 S 1207Rule France 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 2:00 M 1208Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 - 1209# Shanks & Pottenger give Mar 28 2:00 and Sep 26 3:00; 1210# go with Excoffier's 28/3/76 0hUT and 25/9/76 23hUT. 1211Rule France 1976 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 S 1212Rule France 1976 only - Sep 26 1:00 0 - 1213# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time, and Whitman 0:09:05, 1214# but Howse quotes the actual French legislation as saying 0:09:21. 1215# Go with Howse. Howse writes that the time in France was officially based 1216# on PMT-0:09:21 until 1978-08-09, when the time base finally switched to UTC. 1217# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1218Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01
|
1198 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Paris MT
|
1219 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Paris MT |
1220# Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Jun 14 0:00; go with Excoffier and Le Corre. 1221 0:00 France WE%sT 1940 Jun 14 23:00 1222# Le Corre says Paris stuck with occupied-France time after the liberation; 1223# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1224 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 25 1225 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 1226 1:00 France CE%sT 1977 1227 1:00 EU CE%sT 1228 1229# Germany 1230 1231# From Markus Kuhn (1998-09-29): 1232# The German time zone web site by the Physikalisch-Technische 1233# Bundesanstalt contains DST information back to 1916. 1234# [See tz-link.htm for the URL.] 1235 1236# From J��rg Schilling (2002-10-23): 1237# In 1945, Berlin was switched to Moscow Summer time (GMT+4) by
|
1217# <http://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/BersarinNikolai/>
|
1238# http://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/BersarinNikolai/ |
1239# General [Nikolai] Bersarin. 1240 1241# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-08): 1242# http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf 1243# says that Bersarin issued an order to use Moscow time on May 20. 1244# However, Moscow did not observe daylight saving in 1945, so 1245# this was equivalent to CEMT (GMT+3), not GMT+4. 1246 1247 1248# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1249Rule Germany 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S 1250Rule Germany 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - 1251Rule Germany 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 1252# http://www.ptb.de/de/org/4/44/441/salt.htm says the following transition 1253# occurred at 3:00 MEZ, not the 2:00 MEZ given in Shanks & Pottenger. 1254# Go with the PTB. 1255Rule Germany 1947 only - Apr 6 3:00s 1:00 S 1256Rule Germany 1947 only - May 11 2:00s 2:00 M 1257Rule Germany 1947 only - Jun 29 3:00 1:00 S 1258Rule Germany 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 1259Rule Germany 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S 1260 1261Rule SovietZone 1945 only - May 24 2:00 2:00 M # Midsummer 1262Rule SovietZone 1945 only - Sep 24 3:00 1:00 S 1263Rule SovietZone 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - 1264 1265# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1266Zone Europe/Berlin 0:53:28 - LMT 1893 Apr
|
1246 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 24 2:00
|
1267 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 24 2:00 |
1268 1:00 SovietZone CE%sT 1946 1269 1:00 Germany CE%sT 1980 1270 1:00 EU CE%sT 1271 1272# From Tobias Conradi (2011-09-12): 1273# B��singen <http://www.buesingen.de>, surrounded by the Swiss canton 1274# Schaffhausen, did not start observing DST in 1980 as the rest of DE 1275# (West Germany at that time) and DD (East Germany at that time) did. 1276# DD merged into DE, the area is currently covered by code DE in ISO 3166-1, 1277# which in turn is covered by the zone Europe/Berlin. 1278# 1279# Source for the time in B��singen 1980: 1280# http://www.srf.ch/player/video?id=c012c029-03b7-4c2b-9164-aa5902cd58d3 1281 1282# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-03):
|
1262# Busingen and Zurich have shared clocks since 1970.
|
1283# B��singen and Zurich have shared clocks since 1970. |
1284 1285Link Europe/Zurich Europe/Busingen 1286 1287# Georgia 1288# Please see the "asia" file for Asia/Tbilisi. 1289# Herodotus (Histories, IV.45) says Georgia north of the Phasis (now Rioni) 1290# is in Europe. Our reference location Tbilisi is in the Asian part. 1291 1292# Gibraltar 1293# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
1273Zone Europe/Gibraltar -0:21:24 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 0:00s
1274 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1957 Apr 14 2:00
|
1294Zone Europe/Gibraltar -0:21:24 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 0:00s 1295 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1957 Apr 14 2:00 |
1296 1:00 - CET 1982 1297 1:00 EU CE%sT 1298 1299# Greece 1300# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1301# Whitman gives 1932 Jul 5 - Nov 1; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1302Rule Greece 1932 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 S 1303Rule Greece 1932 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 1304# Whitman gives 1941 Apr 25 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1305Rule Greece 1941 only - Apr 7 0:00 1:00 S 1306# Whitman gives 1942 Feb 2 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1307Rule Greece 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 1308Rule Greece 1943 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S 1309Rule Greece 1943 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 1310# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 3 - Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1311Rule Greece 1952 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S 1312Rule Greece 1952 only - Nov 2 0:00 0 - 1313Rule Greece 1975 only - Apr 12 0:00s 1:00 S 1314Rule Greece 1975 only - Nov 26 0:00s 0 - 1315Rule Greece 1976 only - Apr 11 2:00s 1:00 S 1316Rule Greece 1976 only - Oct 10 2:00s 0 - 1317Rule Greece 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 1318Rule Greece 1977 only - Sep 26 2:00s 0 - 1319Rule Greece 1978 only - Sep 24 4:00 0 - 1320Rule Greece 1979 only - Apr 1 9:00 1:00 S 1321Rule Greece 1979 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 - 1322Rule Greece 1980 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 1323Rule Greece 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 1324# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1325Zone Europe/Athens 1:34:52 - LMT 1895 Sep 14
|
1305 1:34:52 - AMT 1916 Jul 28 0:01 # Athens MT
|
1326 1:34:52 - AMT 1916 Jul 28 0:01 # Athens MT |
1327 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1941 Apr 30 1328 1:00 Greece CE%sT 1944 Apr 4 1329 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1981 1330 # Shanks & Pottenger say it switched to C-Eur in 1981; 1331 # go with EU instead, since Greece joined it on Jan 1. 1332 2:00 EU EE%sT 1333 1334# Hungary 1335# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-15): 1336# Dates for 1916-1945 are taken from: 1337# Oross A. Jelen a m��lt j��v��je: a ny��ri id��sz��m��t��s Magyarorsz��gon 1916-1945. 1338# National Archives of Hungary (2012-10-29). 1339# http://mnl.gov.hu/a_het_dokumentuma/a_nyari_idoszamitas_magyarorszagon_19161945.html 1340# This source does not always give times, which are taken from Shanks 1341# & Pottenger (which disagree about the dates). 1342# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1343Rule Hungary 1918 only - Apr 1 3:00 1:00 S 1344Rule Hungary 1918 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 - 1345Rule Hungary 1919 only - Apr 15 3:00 1:00 S 1346Rule Hungary 1919 only - Nov 24 3:00 0 - 1347Rule Hungary 1945 only - May 1 23:00 1:00 S 1348Rule Hungary 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 1349Rule Hungary 1946 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S 1350Rule Hungary 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 1351Rule Hungary 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=4 2:00s 1:00 S 1352Rule Hungary 1950 only - Apr 17 2:00s 1:00 S 1353Rule Hungary 1950 only - Oct 23 2:00s 0 - 1354Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - May 23 0:00 1:00 S 1355Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 1356Rule Hungary 1956 only - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 1357Rule Hungary 1956 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1358Rule Hungary 1957 only - Jun Sun>=1 1:00 1:00 S 1359Rule Hungary 1957 only - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 - 1360Rule Hungary 1980 only - Apr 6 1:00 1:00 S 1361# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1362Zone Europe/Budapest 1:16:20 - LMT 1890 Oct 1363 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 1364 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1941 Apr 8 1365 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 1366 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1980 Sep 28 2:00s 1367 1:00 EU CE%sT 1368 1369# Iceland 1370# 1371# From Adam David (1993-11-06): 1372# The name of the timezone in Iceland for system / mail / news purposes is GMT. 1373# 1374# (1993-12-05): 1375# This material is paraphrased from the 1988 edition of the University of 1376# Iceland Almanak. 1377# 1378# From January 1st, 1908 the whole of Iceland was standardised at 1 hour 1379# behind GMT. Previously, local mean solar time was used in different parts 1380# of Iceland, the almanak had been based on Reykjavik mean solar time which 1381# was 1 hour and 28 minutes behind GMT. 1382# 1383# "first day of winter" referred to [below] means the first day of the 26 weeks 1384# of winter, according to the old icelandic calendar that dates back to the 1385# time the norsemen first settled Iceland. The first day of winter is always 1386# Saturday, but is not dependent on the Julian or Gregorian calendars. 1387# 1388# (1993-12-10): 1389# I have a reference from the Oxford Icelandic-English dictionary for the 1390# beginning of winter, which ties it to the ecclesiastical calendar (and thus 1391# to the julian/gregorian calendar) over the period in question. 1392# the winter begins on the Saturday next before St. Luke's day 1393# (old style), or on St. Luke's day, if a Saturday. 1394# St. Luke's day ought to be traceable from ecclesiastical sources. "old style" 1395# might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it 1396# might mean something else (???). 1397# 1398# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1399# The Iceland Almanak, Shanks & Pottenger, and Whitman disagree on many points. 1400# We go with the Almanak, except for one claim from Shanks & Pottenger, namely 1401# that Reykavik was 21W57 from 1837 to 1908, local mean time before that. 1402# 1403# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1404Rule Iceland 1917 1918 - Feb 19 23:00 1:00 S 1405Rule Iceland 1917 only - Oct 21 1:00 0 - 1406Rule Iceland 1918 only - Nov 16 1:00 0 - 1407Rule Iceland 1939 only - Apr 29 23:00 1:00 S 1408Rule Iceland 1939 only - Nov 29 2:00 0 - 1409Rule Iceland 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S 1410Rule Iceland 1940 only - Nov 3 2:00 0 - 1411Rule Iceland 1941 only - Mar 2 1:00s 1:00 S 1412Rule Iceland 1941 only - Nov 2 1:00s 0 - 1413Rule Iceland 1942 only - Mar 8 1:00s 1:00 S 1414Rule Iceland 1942 only - Oct 25 1:00s 0 - 1415# 1943-1946 - first Sunday in March until first Sunday in winter 1416Rule Iceland 1943 1946 - Mar Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S 1417Rule Iceland 1943 1948 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 - 1418# 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter 1419Rule Iceland 1947 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S 1420# 1949 Oct transition delayed by 1 week 1421Rule Iceland 1949 only - Oct 30 1:00s 0 - 1422Rule Iceland 1950 1966 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 - 1423Rule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 - 1424# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1425Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:27:24 - LMT 1837 1426 -1:27:48 - RMT 1908 # Reykjavik Mean Time?
|
1406 -1:00 Iceland IS%sT 1968 Apr 7 1:00s
|
1427 -1:00 Iceland IS%sT 1968 Apr 7 1:00s |
1428 0:00 - GMT 1429 1430# Italy 1431# 1432# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06): 1433# Sicily and Sardinia each had their own time zones from 1866 to 1893, 1434# called Palermo Time (+00:53:28) and Cagliari Time (+00:36:32). 1435# During World War II, German-controlled Italy used German time. 1436# But these events all occurred before the 1970 cutoff, 1437# so record only the time in Rome. 1438# 1439# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1440# For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks & Pottenger, Whitman, and 1441# F. Pollastri 1442# Day-light Saving Time in Italy (2006-02-03)
|
1422# <http://toi.iriti.cnr.it/uk/ienitlt.html>
|
1443# http://toi.iriti.cnr.it/uk/ienitlt.html |
1444# ('FP' below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute 1445# publication. When the three sources disagree, guess who's right, as follows: 1446# 1447# year FP Shanks&P. (S) Whitman (W) Go with: 1448# 1916 06-03 06-03 24:00 06-03 00:00 FP & W 1449# 09-30 09-30 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s 1450# 1917 04-01 03-31 24:00 03-31 00:00 FP & S 1451# 09-30 09-29 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP & W 1452# 1918 03-09 03-09 24:00 03-09 00:00 FP & S 1453# 10-06 10-05 24:00 10-06 01:00 FP & W 1454# 1919 03-01 03-01 24:00 03-01 00:00 FP & S 1455# 10-04 10-04 24:00 10-04 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s 1456# 1920 03-20 03-20 24:00 03-20 00:00 FP & S 1457# 09-18 09-18 24:00 10-01 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s 1458# 1944 04-02 04-03 02:00 S (see C-Eur) 1459# 09-16 10-02 03:00 FP; guess 24:00s 1460# 1945 09-14 09-16 24:00 FP; guess 24:00s 1461# 1970 05-21 05-31 00:00 S 1462# 09-20 09-27 00:00 S 1463# 1464# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1465Rule Italy 1916 only - Jun 3 0:00s 1:00 S 1466Rule Italy 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1467Rule Italy 1917 only - Apr 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1468Rule Italy 1917 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 - 1469Rule Italy 1918 only - Mar 10 0:00s 1:00 S 1470Rule Italy 1918 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 - 1471Rule Italy 1919 only - Mar 2 0:00s 1:00 S 1472Rule Italy 1920 only - Mar 21 0:00s 1:00 S 1473Rule Italy 1920 only - Sep 19 0:00s 0 - 1474Rule Italy 1940 only - Jun 15 0:00s 1:00 S 1475Rule Italy 1944 only - Sep 17 0:00s 0 - 1476Rule Italy 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 S 1477Rule Italy 1945 only - Sep 15 0:00s 0 - 1478Rule Italy 1946 only - Mar 17 2:00s 1:00 S 1479Rule Italy 1946 only - Oct 6 2:00s 0 - 1480Rule Italy 1947 only - Mar 16 0:00s 1:00 S 1481Rule Italy 1947 only - Oct 5 0:00s 0 - 1482Rule Italy 1948 only - Feb 29 2:00s 1:00 S 1483Rule Italy 1948 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 - 1484Rule Italy 1966 1968 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S 1485Rule Italy 1966 1969 - Sep Sun>=22 0:00 0 - 1486Rule Italy 1969 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 1487Rule Italy 1970 only - May 31 0:00 1:00 S 1488Rule Italy 1970 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1489Rule Italy 1971 1972 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S 1490Rule Italy 1971 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - 1491Rule Italy 1972 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1492Rule Italy 1973 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 S 1493Rule Italy 1973 1974 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1494Rule Italy 1974 only - May 26 0:00 1:00 S 1495Rule Italy 1975 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1496Rule Italy 1975 1977 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 1497Rule Italy 1976 only - May 30 0:00s 1:00 S 1498Rule Italy 1977 1979 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S 1499Rule Italy 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1500Rule Italy 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 - 1501# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1502Zone Europe/Rome 0:49:56 - LMT 1866 Sep 22
|
1482 0:49:56 - RMT 1893 Nov 1 0:00s # Rome Mean
1483 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
|
1503 0:49:56 - RMT 1893 Nov 1 0:00s # Rome Mean 1504 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s |
1505 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul 1506 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1980 1507 1:00 EU CE%sT 1508 1509Link Europe/Rome Europe/Vatican 1510Link Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino 1511 1512# Latvia 1513 1514# From Liene Kanepe (1998-09-17): 1515 1516# I asked about this matter Scientific Secretary of the Institute of Astronomy 1517# of The University of Latvia Dr. paed Mr. Ilgonis Vilks. I also searched the 1518# correct data in juridical acts and I found some juridical documents about 1519# changes in the counting of time in Latvia from 1981.... 1520# 1521# Act No.35 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1981-01-22 ... 1522# according to the Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1980-10-24 1523# ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning 1524# the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on 1 April at 00:00 (GMT 31 March 21:00) 1525# and 1 hour backward on the 1 October at 00:00 (GMT 30 September 20:00). 1526# 1527# Act No.592 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1984-09-24 ... 1528# according to the Act No.967 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1984-09-13 1529# ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning 1530# the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on the last Sunday of March at 02:00 1531# (GMT 23:00 on the previous day) and 1 hour backward on the last Sunday of 1532# September at 03:00 (GMT 23:00 on the previous day). 1533# 1534# Act No.81 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1989-03-22 ... 1535# according to the Act No.227 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1989-03-14 1536# ...: since the last Sunday of March 1989 in Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR, 1537# Estonian SSR and Kaliningrad region of Russian Federation all year round the 1538# time of 2nd time zone (Moscow time minus one hour). On the territory of Latvia 1539# transition to summer time is performed on the last Sunday of March at 02:00 1540# (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour forward. The end of 1541# daylight saving time is performed on the last Sunday of September at 03:00 1542# (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour backward. Exception is 1543# 1989-03-26, when we must not turn the hands of the clock.... 1544# 1545# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Latvia of 1546# 1997-01-21 on transition to Summer time ... established the same order of 1547# daylight savings time settings as in the States of the European Union. 1548 1549# From Andrei Ivanov (2000-03-06): 1550# This year Latvia will not switch to Daylight Savings Time (as specified in 1551# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Rep. of Latvia of 1552# 29-Feb-2000 (#79) <http://www.lv-laiks.lv/wwwraksti/2000/071072/vd4.htm>, 1553# in Latvian for subscribers only). 1554 1555# From RFE/RL Newsline
|
1535# <http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2001/01/3-CEE/cee-030101.html>
|
1556# http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2001/01/3-CEE/cee-030101.html |
1557# (2001-01-03), noted after a heads-up by Rives McDow: 1558# The Latvian government on 2 January decided that the country will 1559# institute daylight-saving time this spring, LETA reported. 1560# Last February the three Baltic states decided not to turn back their 1561# clocks one hour in the spring....
|
1541# Minister of Economy Aigars Kalvitis noted that Latvia had too few
|
1562# Minister of Economy Aigars Kalv��tis noted that Latvia had too few |
1563# daylight hours and thus decided to comply with a draft European 1564# Commission directive that provides for instituting daylight-saving 1565# time in EU countries between 2002 and 2006. The Latvian government 1566# urged Lithuania and Estonia to adopt a similar time policy, but it 1567# appears that they will not do so.... 1568 1569# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1570Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 1571Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 1572
|
1552# Milne says Riga time was 1:36:28 (Polytechnique House time).
|
1573# Milne 1899 says Riga was 1:36:28 (Polytechnique House time). 1574# Byalokoz 1919 says Latvia was 1:36:34. 1575# Go with Byalokoz. |
1576 1577# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
1555Zone Europe/Riga 1:36:28 - LMT 1880
1556 1:36:28 - RMT 1918 Apr 15 2:00 #Riga Mean Time
1557 1:36:28 1:00 LST 1918 Sep 16 3:00 #Latvian Summer
1558 1:36:28 - RMT 1919 Apr 1 2:00
1559 1:36:28 1:00 LST 1919 May 22 3:00
1560 1:36:28 - RMT 1926 May 11
|
1578Zone Europe/Riga 1:36:34 - LMT 1880 1579 1:36:34 - RMT 1918 Apr 15 2:00 # Riga MT 1580 1:36:34 1:00 LST 1918 Sep 16 3:00 # Latvian ST 1581 1:36:34 - RMT 1919 Apr 1 2:00 1582 1:36:34 1:00 LST 1919 May 22 3:00 1583 1:36:34 - RMT 1926 May 11 |
1584 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 5 1585 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jul 1586 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 13
|
1564 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar lastSun 2:00s
1565 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep lastSun 2:00s
|
1587 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar lastSun 2:00s 1588 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep lastSun 2:00s |
1589 2:00 Latvia EE%sT 1997 Jan 21 1590 2:00 EU EE%sT 2000 Feb 29 1591 2:00 - EET 2001 Jan 2 1592 2:00 EU EE%sT 1593 1594# Liechtenstein 1595 1596# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-09): 1597# Shanks & Pottenger say Vaduz is like Zurich. 1598 1599# From Alois Treindl (2013-09-18): 1600# http://www.eliechtensteinensia.li/LIJ/1978/1938-1978/1941.pdf 1601# ... confirms on p. 6 that Liechtenstein followed Switzerland in 1941 and 1942. 1602# I ... translate only the last two paragraphs: 1603# ... during second world war, in the years 1941 and 1942, Liechtenstein 1604# introduced daylight saving time, adapting to Switzerland. From 1943 on 1605# central European time was in force throughout the year. 1606# From a report of the duke's government to the high council, 1607# regarding the introduction of a time law, of 31 May 1977. 1608 1609Link Europe/Zurich Europe/Vaduz 1610 1611 1612# Lithuania 1613 1614# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 1615# IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is 1616# known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it's wrong here too. 1617 1618# From Marius Gedminas (1998-08-07): 1619# I would like to inform that in this year Lithuanian time zone 1620# (Europe/Vilnius) was changed. 1621 1622# From ELTA No. 972 (2582) (1999-09-29) <http://www.elta.lt/>, 1623# via Steffen Thorsen: 1624# Lithuania has shifted back to the second time zone (GMT plus two hours) 1625# to be valid here starting from October 31, 1626# as decided by the national government on Wednesday.... 1627# The Lithuanian government also announced plans to consider a 1628# motion to give up shifting to summer time in spring, as it was 1629# already done by Estonia. 1630 1631# From the Fact File, Lithuanian State Department of Tourism 1632# <http://www.tourism.lt/informa/ff.htm> (2000-03-27): 1633# Local time is GMT+2 hours ..., no daylight saving. 1634 1635# From a user via Klaus Marten (2003-02-07): 1636# As a candidate for membership of the European Union, Lithuania will 1637# observe Summer Time in 2003, changing its clocks at the times laid 1638# down in EU Directive 2000/84 of 19.I.01 (i.e. at the same times as its 1639# neighbour Latvia). The text of the Lithuanian government Order of 1640# 7.XI.02 to this effect can be found at 1641# http://www.lrvk.lt/nut/11/n1749.htm 1642 1643 1644# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1645Zone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880
|
1623 1:24:00 - WMT 1917 # Warsaw Mean Time
|
1646 1:24:00 - WMT 1917 # Warsaw Mean Time |
1647 1:35:36 - KMT 1919 Oct 10 # Kaunas Mean Time 1648 1:00 - CET 1920 Jul 12 1649 2:00 - EET 1920 Oct 9 1650 1:00 - CET 1940 Aug 3 1651 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 24 1652 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug
|
1630 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1631 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
|
1653 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1654 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s |
1655 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998
|
1633 2:00 - EET 1998 Mar 29 1:00u
1634 1:00 EU CE%sT 1999 Oct 31 1:00u
|
1656 2:00 - EET 1998 Mar 29 1:00u 1657 1:00 EU CE%sT 1999 Oct 31 1:00u |
1658 2:00 - EET 2003 Jan 1 1659 2:00 EU EE%sT 1660 1661# Luxembourg 1662# Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways; 1663# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1664# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1665Rule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S 1666Rule Lux 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 1667Rule Lux 1917 only - Apr 28 23:00 1:00 S 1668Rule Lux 1917 only - Sep 17 1:00 0 - 1669Rule Lux 1918 only - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S 1670Rule Lux 1918 only - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 - 1671Rule Lux 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00 1:00 S 1672Rule Lux 1919 only - Oct 5 3:00 0 - 1673Rule Lux 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S 1674Rule Lux 1920 only - Oct 24 2:00 0 - 1675Rule Lux 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00 1:00 S 1676Rule Lux 1921 only - Oct 26 2:00 0 - 1677Rule Lux 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00 1:00 S 1678Rule Lux 1922 only - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 - 1679Rule Lux 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00 1:00 S 1680Rule Lux 1923 only - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 - 1681Rule Lux 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00 1:00 S 1682Rule Lux 1924 1928 - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 - 1683Rule Lux 1925 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S 1684Rule Lux 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 S 1685Rule Lux 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 S 1686Rule Lux 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00 1:00 S 1687Rule Lux 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 S 1688# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1689Zone Europe/Luxembourg 0:24:36 - LMT 1904 Jun 1690 1:00 Lux CE%sT 1918 Nov 25
|
1668 0:00 Lux WE%sT 1929 Oct 6 2:00s
1669 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 14 3:00
1670 1:00 C-Eur WE%sT 1944 Sep 18 3:00
|
1691 0:00 Lux WE%sT 1929 Oct 6 2:00s 1692 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 14 3:00 1693 1:00 C-Eur WE%sT 1944 Sep 18 3:00 |
1694 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977 1695 1:00 EU CE%sT 1696 1697# Macedonia 1698# See Europe/Belgrade. 1699 1700# Malta 1701# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1702Rule Malta 1973 only - Mar 31 0:00s 1:00 S 1703Rule Malta 1973 only - Sep 29 0:00s 0 - 1704Rule Malta 1974 only - Apr 21 0:00s 1:00 S 1705Rule Malta 1974 only - Sep 16 0:00s 0 - 1706Rule Malta 1975 1979 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S 1707Rule Malta 1975 1980 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 1708Rule Malta 1980 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S 1709# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
1687Zone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 2 0:00s # Valletta
1688 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
1689 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s
|
1710Zone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 2 0:00s # Valletta 1711 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s 1712 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s |
1713 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1973 Mar 31 1714 1:00 Malta CE%sT 1981 1715 1:00 EU CE%sT 1716 1717# Moldova 1718 1719# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1720# A previous version of this database followed Shanks & Pottenger, who write 1721# that Tiraspol switched to Moscow time on 1992-01-19 at 02:00. 1722# However, this is most likely an error, as Moldova declared independence 1723# on 1991-08-27 (the 1992-01-19 date is that of a Russian decree). 1724# In early 1992 there was large-scale interethnic violence in the area 1725# and it's possible that some Russophones continued to observe Moscow time. 1726# But [two people] separately reported via 1727# Jesper N��rgaard that as of 2001-01-24 Tiraspol was like Chisinau. 1728# The Tiraspol entry has therefore been removed for now. 1729# 1730# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-17): 1731# Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR, also known as 1732# "Pridnestrovie") has abolished seasonal clock change (no transition 1733# to the Winter Time). 1734# 1735# News (in Russian): 1736# http://www.kyivpost.ua/russia/news/pridnestrove-otkazalos-ot-perehoda-na-zimnee-vremya-30954.html 1737# http://www.allmoldova.com/moldova-news/1249064116.html 1738# 1739# The substance of this change (reinstatement of the Tiraspol entry) 1740# is from a patch from Petr Machata (2011-10-17) 1741# 1742# From Tim Parenti (2011-10-19) 1743# In addition, being situated at +4651+2938 would give Tiraspol 1744# a pre-1880 LMT offset of 1:58:32. 1745# 1746# (which agrees with the earlier entry that had been removed) 1747# 1748# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-26) 1749# NO need to divide Moldova into two timezones at this point. 1750# As of today, Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)- Tiraspol reversed its own 1751# decision to abolish DST this winter. 1752# Following Moldova and neighboring Ukraine- Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)- 1753# Tiraspol will go back to winter time on October 30, 2011. 1754# News from Moldova (in russian): 1755# http://ru.publika.md/link_317061.html 1756 1757 1758# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1759Zone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1880 1760 1:55 - CMT 1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT 1761 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT 1762 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1940 Aug 15 1763 2:00 1:00 EEST 1941 Jul 17 1764 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 24 1765 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 1766 3:00 - MSK 1990 May 6 1767 2:00 - EET 1991 1768 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 1769 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 1770# See Romania commentary for the guessed 1997 transition to EU rules. 1771 2:00 EU EE%sT 1772 1773# Monaco 1774# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's 1775# more precise 0:09:21. 1776# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1777Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15
|
1755 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
1756 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
|
1778 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 1779 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 |
1780 1:00 France CE%sT 1977 1781 1:00 EU CE%sT 1782 1783# Montenegro 1784# See Europe/Belgrade. 1785 1786# Netherlands 1787 1788# Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940, 1789# but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time. 1790 1791# However, Robert H. van Gent writes (2001-04-01): 1792# Howse's statement is only correct up to 1909. From 1909-05-01 (00:00:00 1793# Amsterdam mean time) onwards, the whole of the Netherlands (including 1794# the Dutch railways) was required by law to observe Amsterdam mean time 1795# (19 minutes 32.13 seconds ahead of GMT). This had already been the 1796# common practice (except for the railways) for many decades but it was 1797# not until 1909 when the Dutch government finally defined this by law. 1798# On 1937-07-01 this was changed to 20 minutes (exactly) ahead of GMT and 1799# was generally known as Dutch Time ("Nederlandse Tijd"). 1800# 1801# (2001-04-08): 1802# 1892-05-01 was the date when the Dutch railways were by law required to 1803# observe GMT while the remainder of the Netherlands adhered to the common 1804# practice of following Amsterdam mean time. 1805# 1806# (2001-04-09): 1807# In 1835 the authorities of the province of North Holland requested the 1808# municipal authorities of the towns and cities in the province to observe 1809# Amsterdam mean time but I do not know in how many cases this request was 1810# actually followed. 1811# 1812# From 1852 onwards the Dutch telegraph offices were by law required to 1813# observe Amsterdam mean time. As the time signals from the observatory of 1814# Leiden were also distributed by the telegraph system, I assume that most 1815# places linked up with the telegraph (and railway) system automatically 1816# adopted Amsterdam mean time. 1817# 1818# Although the early Dutch railway companies initially observed a variety 1819# of times, most of them had adopted Amsterdam mean time by 1858 but it 1820# was not until 1866 when they were all required by law to observe 1821# Amsterdam mean time. 1822
|
1800# The data before 1945 are taken from
1801# <http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/wettijd/wettijd.htm>.
|
1823# The data entries before 1945 are taken from 1824# http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/wettijd/wettijd.htm |
1825 1826# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1827Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time 1828Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time 1829Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST 1830Rule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT 1831Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST 1832Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep lastMon 2:00s 0 AMT 1833Rule Neth 1922 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST 1834Rule Neth 1922 1936 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 AMT 1835Rule Neth 1923 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST 1836Rule Neth 1924 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST 1837Rule Neth 1925 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST 1838# From 1926 through 1939 DST began 05-15, except that it was delayed by a week 1839# in years when 05-15 fell in the Pentecost weekend. 1840Rule Neth 1926 1931 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST 1841Rule Neth 1932 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST 1842Rule Neth 1933 1936 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST 1843Rule Neth 1937 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST 1844Rule Neth 1937 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S 1845Rule Neth 1937 1939 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 - 1846Rule Neth 1938 1939 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 S 1847Rule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 1848Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 1849# 1850# Amsterdam Mean Time was +00:19:32.13 exactly, but the .13 is omitted 1851# below because the current format requires GMTOFF to be an integer. 1852# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1853Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:32 - LMT 1835 1854 0:19:32 Neth %s 1937 Jul 1
|
1832 0:20 Neth NE%sT 1940 May 16 0:00 # Dutch Time
1833 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
|
1855 0:20 Neth NE%sT 1940 May 16 0:00 # Dutch Time 1856 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 |
1857 1:00 Neth CE%sT 1977 1858 1:00 EU CE%sT 1859 1860# Norway 1861# http://met.no/met/met_lex/q_u/sommertid.html (2004-01) agrees with Shanks & 1862# Pottenger. 1863# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1864Rule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 S 1865Rule Norway 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 1866Rule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 1867Rule Norway 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - 1868Rule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 S 1869Rule Norway 1959 1965 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 1870Rule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 S 1871# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1872Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895 Jan 1 1873 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1940 Aug 10 23:00 1874 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 1875 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1980 1876 1:00 EU CE%sT 1877 1878# Svalbard & Jan Mayen 1879 1880# From Steffen Thorsen (2001-05-01): 1881# Although I could not find it explicitly, it seems that Jan Mayen and 1882# Svalbard have been using the same time as Norway at least since the 1883# time they were declared as parts of Norway. Svalbard was declared 1884# as a part of Norway by law of 1925-07-17 no 11, section 4 and Jan 1885# Mayen by law of 1930-02-27 no 2, section 2. (From 1886# <http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19250717-011.html> and 1887# <http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19300227-002.html>). The law/regulation 1888# for normal/standard time in Norway is from 1894-06-29 no 1 (came 1889# into operation on 1895-01-01) and Svalbard/Jan Mayen seem to be a 1890# part of this law since 1925/1930. (From 1891# <http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-18940629-001.html>) I have not been 1892# able to find if Jan Mayen used a different time zone (e.g. -0100) 1893# before 1930. Jan Mayen has only been "inhabited" since 1921 by 1894# Norwegian meteorologists and maybe used the same time as Norway ever 1895# since 1921. Svalbard (Arctic/Longyearbyen) has been inhabited since 1896# before 1895, and therefore probably changed the local time somewhere 1897# between 1895 and 1925 (inclusive). 1898 1899# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-04): 1900# 1901# Actually, Jan Mayen was never occupied by Germany during World War II, 1902# so it must have diverged from Oslo time during the war, as Oslo was 1903# keeping Berlin time. 1904# 1905# <http://home.no.net/janmayen/history.htm> says that the meteorologists 1906# burned down their station in 1940 and left the island, but returned in 1907# 1941 with a small Norwegian garrison and continued operations despite 1908# frequent air attacks from Germans. In 1943 the Americans established a 1909# radiolocating station on the island, called "Atlantic City". Possibly 1910# the UT offset changed during the war, but I think it unlikely that 1911# Jan Mayen used German daylight-saving rules. 1912# 1913# Svalbard is more complicated, as it was raided in August 1941 by an 1914# Allied party that evacuated the civilian population to England (says 1915# <http://www.bartleby.com/65/sv/Svalbard.html>). The Svalbard FAQ 1916# <http://www.svalbard.com/SvalbardFAQ.html> says that the Germans were 1917# expelled on 1942-05-14. However, small parties of Germans did return, 1918# and according to Wilhelm Dege's book "War North of 80" (1954)
|
1896# <http://www.ucalgary.ca/UofC/departments/UP/1-55238/1-55238-110-2.html>
|
1919# http://www.ucalgary.ca/UofC/departments/UP/1-55238/1-55238-110-2.html |
1920# the German armed forces at the Svalbard weather station code-named 1921# Haudegen did not surrender to the Allies until September 1945. 1922# 1923# All these events predate our cutoff date of 1970, so use Europe/Oslo 1924# for these regions. 1925Link Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen 1926 1927# Poland 1928 1929# The 1919 dates and times can be found in Tygodnik Urz��dowy nr 1 (1919-03-20), 1930# <http://www.wbc.poznan.pl/publication/32156> pp 1-2. 1931 1932# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1933Rule Poland 1918 1919 - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 1934Rule Poland 1919 only - Apr 15 2:00s 1:00 S 1935Rule Poland 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S 1936# Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1937Rule Poland 1944 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 1938# For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1939Rule Poland 1945 only - Apr 29 0:00 1:00 S 1940Rule Poland 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 1941# For 1946 on the source is Kazimierz Borkowski, 1942# Toru�� Center for Astronomy, Dept. of Radio Astronomy, Nicolaus Copernicus U.,
|
1920# <http://www.astro.uni.torun.pl/~kb/Artykuly/U-PA/Czas2.htm#tth_tAb1>
|
1943# http://www.astro.uni.torun.pl/~kb/Artykuly/U-PA/Czas2.htm#tth_tAb1 |
1944# Thanks to Przemys��aw Augustyniak (2005-05-28) for this reference. 1945# He also gives these further references: 1946# Mon Pol nr 13, poz 162 (1995) <http://www.abc.com.pl/serwis/mp/1995/0162.htm> 1947# Druk nr 2180 (2003) <http://www.senat.gov.pl/k5/dok/sejm/053/2180.pdf> 1948Rule Poland 1946 only - Apr 14 0:00s 1:00 S 1949Rule Poland 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - 1950Rule Poland 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S 1951Rule Poland 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 1952Rule Poland 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 1953Rule Poland 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S 1954Rule Poland 1957 only - Jun 2 1:00s 1:00 S 1955Rule Poland 1957 1958 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 1956Rule Poland 1958 only - Mar 30 1:00s 1:00 S 1957Rule Poland 1959 only - May 31 1:00s 1:00 S 1958Rule Poland 1959 1961 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00s 0 - 1959Rule Poland 1960 only - Apr 3 1:00s 1:00 S 1960Rule Poland 1961 1964 - May lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 1961Rule Poland 1962 1964 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 1962# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1963Zone Europe/Warsaw 1:24:00 - LMT 1880
|
1941 1:24:00 - WMT 1915 Aug 5 # Warsaw Mean Time
1942 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Sep 16 3:00
|
1964 1:24:00 - WMT 1915 Aug 5 # Warsaw Mean Time 1965 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Sep 16 3:00 |
1966 2:00 Poland EE%sT 1922 Jun
|
1944 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1940 Jun 23 2:00
|
1967 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1940 Jun 23 2:00 |
1968 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 1969 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1977 1970 1:00 W-Eur CE%sT 1988 1971 1:00 EU CE%sT 1972 1973# Portugal 1974#
|
1975# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-11), after a heads-up from Stephen Colebourne: 1976# According to a Portuguese decree (1911-05-26) 1977# http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf 1978# Lisbon was at -0:36:44.68, but switched to GMT on 1912-01-01 at 00:00. 1979# Round the old offset to -0:36:45. This agrees with Willett but disagrees 1980# with Shanks, who says the transition occurred on 1911-05-24 at 00:00 for 1981# Europe/Lisbon, Atlantic/Azores, and Atlantic/Madeira. 1982# |
1983# From Rui Pedro Salgueiro (1992-11-12): 1984# Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone 1985# (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC. 1986# 1987# Martin Bruckmann (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve 1988# that Portugal is reverting to 0:00 by not moving its clocks this spring. 1989# The new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter. 1990# 1991# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-12): 1992# IATA SSIM (1991-09) reports several 1991-09 and 1992-09 transitions 1993# at 02:00u, not 01:00u. Assume that these are typos. 1994# IATA SSIM (1991/1992) reports that the Azores were at -1:00. 1995# IATA SSIM (1993-02) says +0:00; later issues (through 1996-09) say -1:00. 1996# Guess that the Azores changed to EU rules in 1992 (since that's when Portugal 1997# harmonized with the EU), and that they stayed +0:00 that winter. 1998# 1999# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2000# DSH writes that despite Decree 1,469 (1915), the change to the clocks was not 2001# done every year, depending on what Spain did, because of railroad schedules. 2002# Go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2003Rule Port 1916 only - Jun 17 23:00 1:00 S 2004# Whitman gives 1916 Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2005Rule Port 1916 only - Nov 1 1:00 0 - 2006Rule Port 1917 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S 2007Rule Port 1917 1921 - Oct 14 23:00s 0 - 2008Rule Port 1918 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 2009Rule Port 1919 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S 2010Rule Port 1920 only - Feb 29 23:00s 1:00 S 2011Rule Port 1921 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S 2012Rule Port 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S 2013Rule Port 1924 only - Oct 14 23:00s 0 - 2014Rule Port 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 2015Rule Port 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 2016Rule Port 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 2017Rule Port 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 2018Rule Port 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S 2019Rule Port 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 2020# Whitman gives 1931 Oct 8; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2021Rule Port 1931 1932 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 2022Rule Port 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S 2023Rule Port 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S 2024# Whitman gives 1934 Oct 5; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2025Rule Port 1934 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 2026# Shanks & Pottenger give 1935 Apr 30; go with Whitman. 2027Rule Port 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S 2028Rule Port 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 2029# Whitman gives 1937 Apr 2; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2030Rule Port 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S 2031Rule Port 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S 2032Rule Port 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 2033# Whitman gives 1939 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2034Rule Port 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 2035Rule Port 1940 only - Feb 24 23:00s 1:00 S 2036# Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Oct 7; go with Whitman. 2037Rule Port 1940 1941 - Oct 5 23:00s 0 - 2038Rule Port 1941 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S 2039Rule Port 1942 1945 - Mar Sat>=8 23:00s 1:00 S 2040Rule Port 1942 only - Apr 25 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer 2041Rule Port 1942 only - Aug 15 22:00s 1:00 S 2042Rule Port 1942 1945 - Oct Sat>=24 23:00s 0 - 2043Rule Port 1943 only - Apr 17 22:00s 2:00 M 2044Rule Port 1943 1945 - Aug Sat>=25 22:00s 1:00 S 2045Rule Port 1944 1945 - Apr Sat>=21 22:00s 2:00 M 2046Rule Port 1946 only - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 S 2047Rule Port 1946 only - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 2048Rule Port 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 2049Rule Port 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 2050# Shanks & Pottenger say DST was observed in 1950; go with Whitman. 2051# Whitman gives Oct lastSun for 1952 on; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2052Rule Port 1951 1965 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 2053Rule Port 1951 1965 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 2054Rule Port 1977 only - Mar 27 0:00s 1:00 S 2055Rule Port 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00s 0 - 2056Rule Port 1978 1979 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 S 2057Rule Port 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 2058Rule Port 1979 1982 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 2059Rule Port 1980 only - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S 2060Rule Port 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 2061Rule Port 1983 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
|
2062# |
2063# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
2032# Shanks & Pottenger say the transition from LMT to WET occurred 1911-05-24;
2033# Willett says 1912-01-01. Go with Willett.
2034Zone Europe/Lisbon -0:36:32 - LMT 1884
2035 -0:36:32 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 # Lisbon Mean Time
2036 0:00 Port WE%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00
2037 1:00 - CET 1976 Sep 26 1:00
2038 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
2039 0:00 W-Eur WE%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s
2040 1:00 EU CE%sT 1996 Mar 31 1:00u
|
2064Zone Europe/Lisbon -0:36:45 - LMT 1884 2065 -0:36:45 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 # Lisbon Mean Time 2066 0:00 Port WE%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 2067 1:00 - CET 1976 Sep 26 1:00 2068 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 2069 0:00 W-Eur WE%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s 2070 1:00 EU CE%sT 1996 Mar 31 1:00u |
2071 0:00 EU WE%sT
|
2042Zone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada
2043 -1:54:32 - HMT 1911 May 24 # Horta Mean Time
2044 -2:00 Port AZO%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Azores Time
2045 -1:00 Port AZO%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
2046 -1:00 W-Eur AZO%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s
2047 0:00 EU WE%sT 1993 Mar 28 1:00u
|
2072Zone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada 2073 -1:54:32 - HMT 1912 Jan 1 # Horta Mean Time 2074 -2:00 Port AZO%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Azores Time 2075 -1:00 Port AZO%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 2076 -1:00 W-Eur AZO%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s 2077 0:00 EU WE%sT 1993 Mar 28 1:00u |
2078 -1:00 EU AZO%sT
|
2049Zone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal
2050 -1:07:36 - FMT 1911 May 24 # Funchal Mean Time
2051 -1:00 Port MAD%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Madeira Time
2052 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
|
2079Zone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal 2080 -1:07:36 - FMT 1912 Jan 1 # Funchal Mean Time 2081 -1:00 Port MAD%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Madeira Time 2082 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s |
2083 0:00 EU WE%sT 2084 2085# Romania 2086# 2087# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-07): 2088# Nine O'clock <http://www.nineoclock.ro/POL/1778pol.html> 2089# (1998-10-23) reports that the switch occurred at 2090# 04:00 local time in fall 1998. For lack of better info, 2091# assume that Romania and Moldova switched to EU rules in 1997, 2092# the same year as Bulgaria. 2093# 2094# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2095Rule Romania 1932 only - May 21 0:00s 1:00 S 2096Rule Romania 1932 1939 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 - 2097Rule Romania 1933 1939 - Apr Sun>=2 0:00s 1:00 S 2098Rule Romania 1979 only - May 27 0:00 1:00 S 2099Rule Romania 1979 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 2100Rule Romania 1980 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S 2101Rule Romania 1980 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - 2102Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S 2103Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 2104# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2105Zone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct
|
2076 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
2077 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00s
|
2106 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT 2107 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00s |
2108 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 2109 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1994 2110 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 2111 2:00 EU EE%sT 2112 2113 2114# Russia 2115 2116# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-09-15): 2117# Based on last Russian Government Decree # 725 on August 31, 2011 2118# (Government document 2119# http://www.government.ru/gov/results/16355/print/ 2120# in Russian) 2121# there are few corrections have to be made for some Russian time zones... 2122# All updated Russian Time Zones were placed in table and translated to English 2123# by WorldTimeZone.com at the link below: 2124# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia36.htm 2125 2126# From Sanjeev Gupta (2011-09-27): 2127# Scans of [Decree #23 of January 8, 1992] are available at: 2128# http://government.consultant.ru/page.aspx?1223966 2129# They are in Cyrillic letters (presumably Russian). 2130 2131# From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09): 2132# Regarding the instant when clocks in time-zone-shifting parts of Russia 2133# changed in September 2011: 2134# 2135# One source is 2136# http://government.ru/gov/results/16355/ 2137# which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Decree of August 31, 2138# 2011 No 725" and contains no other dates or "effective date" information. 2139# 2140# Another source is 2141# http://www.rg.ru/2011/09/06/chas-zona-dok.html 2142# which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Resolution of the 2143# Government of the Russian Federation on August 31, 2011 N 725" and also 2144# contains "Date first official publication: September 6, 2011 Posted on: 2145# in the 'RG' - Federal Issue number 5573 September 6, 2011" but which 2146# does not contain any "effective date" information. 2147# 2148# Another source is 2149# http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oymyakonsky_District#cite_note-RuTime-7 2150# which, in note 8, contains "Resolution #725 of August 31, 2011... 2151# Effective as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication" 2152# but which does not contain any reference to September 6, 2011. 2153# 2154# The Wikipedia article refers to 2155# http://base.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc;base=LAW;n=118896 2156# which seems to copy the text of the government.ru page. 2157# 2158# Tobias Conradi combines Wikipedia's 2159# "as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication" 2160# with www.rg.ru's "Date of first official publication: September 6, 2011" to 2161# get September 13, 2011 as the cutover date (unusually, a Tuesday, as Tobias 2162# Conradi notes). 2163# 2164# None of the sources indicates a time of day for changing clocks. 2165# 2166# Go with 2011-09-13 0:00s. 2167 2168# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-01): 2169# According to the Russian news (ITAR-TASS News Agency) 2170# http://en.itar-tass.com/russia/738562 2171# the State Duma has approved ... the draft bill on returning to 2172# winter time standard and return Russia 11 time zones. The new 2173# regulations will come into effect on October 26, 2014 at 02:00 ... 2174# http://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/%28Spravka%29?OpenAgent&RN=431985-6&02 2175# Here is a link where we put together table (based on approved Bill N 2176# 431985-6) with proposed 11 Russian time zones and corresponding 2177# areas/cities/administrative centers in the Russian Federation (in English): 2178# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia65.html 2179# 2180# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-22): 2181# Putin signed the Federal Law 431985-6 ... (in Russian) 2182# http://itar-tass.com/obschestvo/1333711 2183# http://www.pravo.gov.ru:8080/page.aspx?111660 2184# http://www.kremlin.ru/acts/46279 2185# From October 26, 2014 the new Russian time zone map will looks like this: 2186# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia-map-2014-07.html 2187 2188# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 2189# Except for Moscow after 1919-07-01, I invented the time zone abbreviations. 2190# Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991, 2191# are from Andrey A. Chernov. The rest is from Shanks & Pottenger, 2192# except we follow Chernov's report that 1992 DST transitions were Sat 2193# 23:00, not Sun 02:00s. 2194# 2195# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski (1994-06-29): 2196# But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow! 2197# I do not know why they have decided to make this change; 2198# as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching 2199# so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch. 2200# 2201# From Andrey A. Chernov (1996-10-04): 2202# 'MSK' and 'MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with 2203# UNIX-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group).... 2204# The next step was the UUCP network, the Relcom predecessor 2205# (used mainly for mail), and MSK/MSD was actively used there. 2206# 2207# From Chris Carrier (1996-10-30): 2208# According to a friend of mine who rode the Trans-Siberian Railroad from 2209# Moscow to Irkutsk in 1995, public air and rail transport in Russia ... 2210# still follows Moscow time, no matter where in Russia it is located. 2211# 2212# For Grozny, Chechnya, we have the following story from 2213# John Daniszewski, "Scavengers in the Rubble", Los Angeles Times (2001-02-07): 2214# News - often false - is spread by word of mouth. A rumor that it was 2215# time to move the clocks back put this whole city out of sync with 2216# the rest of Russia for two weeks - even soldiers stationed here began 2217# enforcing curfew at the wrong time. 2218# 2219# From Gwillim Law (2001-06-05): 2220# There's considerable evidence that Sakhalin Island used to be in 2221# UTC+11, and has changed to UTC+10, in this decade. I start with the 2222# SSIM, which listed Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk in zone RU10 along with Magadan 2223# until February 1997, and then in RU9 with Khabarovsk and Vladivostok 2224# since September 1997.... Although the Kuril Islands are 2225# administratively part of Sakhalin oblast', they appear to have 2226# remained on UTC+11 along with Magadan. 2227 2228# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06): 2229# The comments detailing the coverage of each Russian zone are meant to assist 2230# with maintenance only and represent our best guesses as to which regions 2231# are covered by each zone. They are not meant to be taken as an authoritative 2232# listing. The region codes listed come from 2233# http://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Federal_subjects_of_Russia&oldid=611810498 2234# and are used for convenience only; no guarantees are made regarding their 2235# future stability. ISO 3166-2:RU codes are also listed for first-level 2236# divisions where available. 2237 2238# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2239 2240 2241# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 2242# Europe/Kaliningrad covers...
|
2213# 39 RU-KGD Kaliningrad Oblast
|
2243# 39 RU-KGD Kaliningrad Oblast |
2244 2245Zone Europe/Kaliningrad 1:22:00 - LMT 1893 Apr 2246 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 2247 2:00 Poland CE%sT 1946
|
2218 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2219 2:00 Russia EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2220 3:00 - FET 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
|
2248 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2249 2:00 Russia EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2250 3:00 - FET 2014 Oct 26 2:00s |
2251 2:00 - EET 2252 2253 2254# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): 2255# Europe/Moscow covers...
|
2226# 01 RU-AD Adygea, Republic of
2227# 05 RU-DA Dagestan, Republic of
2228# 06 RU-IN Ingushetia, Republic of
2229# 07 RU-KB Kabardino-Balkar Republic
2230# 08 RU-KL Kalmykia, Republic of
2231# 09 RU-KC Karachay-Cherkess Republic
2232# 10 RU-KR Karelia, Republic of
2233# 11 RU-KO Komi Republic
2234# 12 RU-ME Mari El Republic
2235# 13 RU-MO Mordovia, Republic of
2236# 15 RU-SE North Ossetia-Alania, Republic of
2237# 16 RU-TA Tatarstan, Republic of
2238# 20 RU-CE Chechen Republic
2239# 21 RU-CU Chuvash Republic
2240# 23 RU-KDA Krasnodar Krai
2241# 26 RU-STA Stavropol Krai
2242# 29 RU-ARK Arkhangelsk Oblast
2243# 31 RU-BEL Belgorod Oblast
2244# 32 RU-BRY Bryansk Oblast
2245# 33 RU-VLA Vladimir Oblast
2246# 35 RU-VLG Vologda Oblast
2247# 36 RU-VOR Voronezh Oblast
2248# 37 RU-IVA Ivanovo Oblast
2249# 40 RU-KLU Kaluga Oblast
2250# 44 RU-KOS Kostroma Oblast
2251# 46 RU-KRS Kursk Oblast
2252# 47 RU-LEN Leningrad Oblast
2253# 48 RU-LIP Lipetsk Oblast
2254# 50 RU-MOS Moscow Oblast
2255# 51 RU-MUR Murmansk Oblast
2256# 52 RU-NIZ Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
2257# 53 RU-NGR Novgorod Oblast
2258# 57 RU-ORL Oryol Oblast
2259# 58 RU-PNZ Penza Oblast
2260# 60 RU-PSK Pskov Oblast
2261# 61 RU-ROS Rostov Oblast
2262# 62 RU-RYA Ryazan Oblast
2263# 67 RU-SMO Smolensk Oblast
2264# 68 RU-TAM Tambov Oblast
2265# 69 RU-TVE Tver Oblast
2266# 71 RU-TUL Tula Oblast
2267# 73 RU-ULY Ulyanovsk Oblast
2268# 76 RU-YAR Yaroslavl Oblast
2269# 77 RU-MOW Moscow
2270# 78 RU-SPE Saint Petersburg
2271# 83 RU-NEN Nenets Autonomous Okrug
|
2256# 01 RU-AD Adygea, Republic of 2257# 05 RU-DA Dagestan, Republic of 2258# 06 RU-IN Ingushetia, Republic of 2259# 07 RU-KB Kabardino-Balkar Republic 2260# 08 RU-KL Kalmykia, Republic of 2261# 09 RU-KC Karachay-Cherkess Republic 2262# 10 RU-KR Karelia, Republic of 2263# 11 RU-KO Komi Republic 2264# 12 RU-ME Mari El Republic 2265# 13 RU-MO Mordovia, Republic of 2266# 15 RU-SE North Ossetia-Alania, Republic of 2267# 16 RU-TA Tatarstan, Republic of 2268# 20 RU-CE Chechen Republic 2269# 21 RU-CU Chuvash Republic 2270# 23 RU-KDA Krasnodar Krai 2271# 26 RU-STA Stavropol Krai 2272# 29 RU-ARK Arkhangelsk Oblast 2273# 31 RU-BEL Belgorod Oblast 2274# 32 RU-BRY Bryansk Oblast 2275# 33 RU-VLA Vladimir Oblast 2276# 35 RU-VLG Vologda Oblast 2277# 36 RU-VOR Voronezh Oblast 2278# 37 RU-IVA Ivanovo Oblast 2279# 40 RU-KLU Kaluga Oblast 2280# 44 RU-KOS Kostroma Oblast 2281# 46 RU-KRS Kursk Oblast 2282# 47 RU-LEN Leningrad Oblast 2283# 48 RU-LIP Lipetsk Oblast 2284# 50 RU-MOS Moscow Oblast 2285# 51 RU-MUR Murmansk Oblast 2286# 52 RU-NIZ Nizhny Novgorod Oblast 2287# 53 RU-NGR Novgorod Oblast 2288# 57 RU-ORL Oryol Oblast 2289# 58 RU-PNZ Penza Oblast 2290# 60 RU-PSK Pskov Oblast 2291# 61 RU-ROS Rostov Oblast 2292# 62 RU-RYA Ryazan Oblast 2293# 67 RU-SMO Smolensk Oblast 2294# 68 RU-TAM Tambov Oblast 2295# 69 RU-TVE Tver Oblast 2296# 71 RU-TUL Tula Oblast 2297# 73 RU-ULY Ulyanovsk Oblast 2298# 76 RU-YAR Yaroslavl Oblast 2299# 77 RU-MOW Moscow 2300# 78 RU-SPE Saint Petersburg 2301# 83 RU-NEN Nenets Autonomous Okrug |
2302 2303# From Vladimir Karpinsky (2014-07-08): 2304# LMT in Moscow (before Jul 3, 1916) is 2:30:17, that was defined by Moscow 2305# Observatory (coordinates: 55 deg. 45'29.70", 37 deg. 34'05.30").... 2306# LMT in Moscow since Jul 3, 1916 is 2:31:01 as a result of new standard.
|
2277# (The info is from the book by Byalokoz E.L. New Counting of Time in Russia
2278# since July 1, 1919, p. 18.) The time in St. Petersburg as capital of Russia
2279# was defined by Pulkov observatory, near St. Petersburg. In 1916 LMT Moscow
|
2307# (The info is from the book by Byalokoz ... p. 18.) 2308# The time in St. Petersburg as capital of Russia was defined by 2309# Pulkov observatory, near St. Petersburg. In 1916 LMT Moscow |
2310# was synchronized with LMT St. Petersburg (+30 minutes), (Pulkov observatory 2311# coordinates: 59 deg. 46'18.70", 30 deg. 19'40.70") so 30 deg. 19'40.70" > 2312# 2h01m18.7s = 2:01:19. LMT Moscow = LMT St.Petersburg + 30m 2:01:19 + 0:30 = 2313# 2:31:19 ... 2314# 2315# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08): 2316# Milne does not list Moscow, but suggests that its time might be listed in 2317# R��sum��s mensuels et annuels des observations m��t��orologiques (1895). 2318# Presumably this is OCLC 85825704, a journal published with parallel text in 2319# Russian and French. This source has not been located; go with Karpinsky. 2320 2321Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:17 - LMT 1880 2322 2:30:17 - MMT 1916 Jul 3 # Moscow Mean Time
|
2293 2:31:19 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 2:00
|
2323 2:31:19 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 2:00 |
2324 3:00 Russia %s 1921 Oct 2325 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1922 Oct 2326 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
|
2297 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2298 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2299 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2300 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
|
2327 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2328 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2329 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2330 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s |
2331 3:00 - MSK 2332 2333 2334# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 2335# Europe/Simferopol covers... 2336# ** **** Crimea, Republic of 2337# ** **** Sevastopol 2338 2339Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880 2340 2:16 - SMT 1924 May 2 # Simferopol Mean T 2341 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 2342 3:00 - MSK 1941 Nov 2343 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Apr 13 2344 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
|
2315 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00
|
2345 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 |
2346 2:00 - EET 1992 2347# Central Crimea used Moscow time 1994/1997. 2348# 2349# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 2350# The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that central Crimea switched 2351# from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections. 2352# Shanks (1999) says "date of change uncertain", but implies that it happened 2353# sometime between the 1994 DST switches. Shanks & Pottenger simply say 2354# 1994-09-25 03:00, but that can't be right. For now, guess it 2355# changed in May. 2356 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1994 May 2357# From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev.
|
2328 3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 Mar 31 3:00s
2329 3:00 1:00 MSD 1996 Oct 27 3:00s
|
2358 3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 Mar 31 3:00s 2359 3:00 1:00 MSD 1996 Oct 27 3:00s |
2360# IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST. 2361# Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks. 2362 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1997
|
2333 3:00 - MSK 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u
|
2363 3:00 - MSK 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u |
2364# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-03-17): 2365# time change at 2:00 (2am) on March 30, 2014 2366# http://vz.ru/news/2014/3/17/677464.html 2367# From Paul Eggert (2014-03-30): 2368# Simferopol and Sevastopol reportedly changed their central town clocks 2369# late the previous day, but this appears to have been ceremonial 2370# and the discrepancies are small enough to not worry about.
|
2341 2:00 EU EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 2:00
2342 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
|
2371 2:00 EU EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 2:00 2372 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s |
2373 3:00 - MSK 2374 2375 2376# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 2377# Europe/Volgograd covers...
|
2348# 30 RU-AST Astrakhan Oblast
2349# 34 RU-VGG Volgograd Oblast
2350# 43 RU-KIR Kirov Oblast
2351# 64 RU-SAR Saratov Oblast
|
2378# 30 RU-AST Astrakhan Oblast 2379# 34 RU-VGG Volgograd Oblast 2380# 43 RU-KIR Kirov Oblast 2381# 64 RU-SAR Saratov Oblast |
2382 2383# From Paul Eggert (2006-05-09): 2384# Shanks & Pottenger say Kirov is still at +0400 but Wikipedia says +0300. 2385# Perhaps it switched after the others? But we have no data. 2386 2387Zone Europe/Volgograd 2:57:40 - LMT 1920 Jan 3 2388 3:00 - TSAT 1925 Apr 6 # Tsaritsyn Time 2389 3:00 - STAT 1930 Jun 21 # Stalingrad Time 2390 4:00 - STAT 1961 Nov 11
|
2361 4:00 Russia VOL%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Volgograd T
2362 3:00 Russia VOL%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2363 4:00 - VOLT 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
2364 3:00 Russia MSK 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2365 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
|
2391 4:00 Russia VOL%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Volgograd T 2392 3:00 Russia VOL%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2393 4:00 - VOLT 1992 Mar 29 2:00s 2394 3:00 Russia MSK 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2395 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s |
2396 3:00 - MSK 2397 2398 2399# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): 2400# Europe/Samara covers...
|
2371# 18 RU-UD Udmurt Republic
2372# 63 RU-SAM Samara Oblast
|
2401# 18 RU-UD Udmurt Republic 2402# 63 RU-SAM Samara Oblast |
2403
|
2374Zone Europe/Samara 3:20:36 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 2:00
|
2404# Byalokoz 1919 says Samara was 3:20:20. 2405 2406Zone Europe/Samara 3:20:20 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 2:00 |
2407 3:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21 2408 4:00 - SAMT 1935 Jan 27
|
2377 4:00 Russia KUY%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Kuybyshev
2378 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2379 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
2380 3:00 - KUYT 1991 Oct 20 3:00
2381 4:00 Russia SAM%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s # Samara Time
2382 3:00 Russia SAM%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
|
2409 4:00 Russia KUY%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Kuybyshev 2410 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2411 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 2412 3:00 - KUYT 1991 Oct 20 3:00 2413 4:00 Russia SAM%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s # Samara Time 2414 3:00 Russia SAM%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s |
2415 4:00 - SAMT 2416 2417 2418# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): 2419# Asia/Yekaterinburg covers...
|
2388# 02 RU-BA Bashkortostan, Republic of
2389# 90 RU-PER Perm Krai
2390# 45 RU-KGN Kurgan Oblast
2391# 56 RU-ORE Orenburg Oblast
2392# 66 RU-SVE Sverdlovsk Oblast
2393# 72 RU-TYU Tyumen Oblast
2394# 74 RU-CHE Chelyabinsk Oblast
2395# 86 RU-KHM Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra
2396# 89 RU-YAN Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug
|
2420# 02 RU-BA Bashkortostan, Republic of 2421# 90 RU-PER Perm Krai 2422# 45 RU-KGN Kurgan Oblast 2423# 56 RU-ORE Orenburg Oblast 2424# 66 RU-SVE Sverdlovsk Oblast 2425# 72 RU-TYU Tyumen Oblast 2426# 74 RU-CHE Chelyabinsk Oblast 2427# 86 RU-KHM Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra 2428# 89 RU-YAN Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug |
2429# 2430# Note: Effective 2005-12-01, (59) Perm Oblast and (81) Komi-Permyak 2431# Autonomous Okrug merged to form (90, RU-PER) Perm Krai. 2432
|
2401# Milne says Yekaterinburg time was 4:02:32.9; round to nearest.
|
2433# Milne says Yekaterinburg was 4:02:32.9; round to nearest. 2434# Byalokoz 1919 says its provincial time was based on Perm, at 3:45:05. 2435# Assume it switched on 1916-07-03, the time of the new standard. 2436# The 1919 and 1930 transitions are from Shanks. |
2437
|
2403Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:33 - LMT 1919 Jul 15 4:00
|
2438Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:33 - LMT 1916 Jul 3 2439 3:45:05 - PMT 1919 Jul 15 4:00 |
2440 4:00 - SVET 1930 Jun 21 # Sverdlovsk Time
|
2405 5:00 Russia SVE%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2406 4:00 Russia SVE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2407 5:00 Russia YEK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2408 6:00 - YEKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
|
2441 5:00 Russia SVE%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2442 4:00 Russia SVE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2443 5:00 Russia YEK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2444 6:00 - YEKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s |
2445 5:00 - YEKT 2446 2447 2448# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): 2449# Asia/Omsk covers...
|
2414# 04 RU-AL Altai Republic
2415# 22 RU-ALT Altai Krai
2416# 55 RU-OMS Omsk Oblast
|
2450# 04 RU-AL Altai Republic 2451# 22 RU-ALT Altai Krai 2452# 55 RU-OMS Omsk Oblast |
2453
|
2418Zone Asia/Omsk 4:53:36 - LMT 1919 Nov 14
|
2454# Byalokoz 1919 says Omsk was 4:53:30. 2455 2456Zone Asia/Omsk 4:53:30 - LMT 1919 Nov 14 |
2457 5:00 - OMST 1930 Jun 21 # Omsk Time
|
2420 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2421 5:00 Russia OMS%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2422 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2423 7:00 - OMST 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
|
2458 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2459 5:00 Russia OMS%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2460 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2461 7:00 - OMST 2014 Oct 26 2:00s |
2462 6:00 - OMST 2463 2464 2465# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 2466# Asia/Novosibirsk covers...
|
2429# 54 RU-NVS Novosibirsk Oblast
2430# 70 RU-TOM Tomsk Oblast
|
2467# 54 RU-NVS Novosibirsk Oblast 2468# 70 RU-TOM Tomsk Oblast |
2469 2470# From Paul Eggert (2006-08-19): I'm guessing about Tomsk here; it's 2471# not clear when it switched from +7 to +6. 2472
|
2435Zone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 14 6:00
|
2473Zone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 14 6:00 |
2474 6:00 - NOVT 1930 Jun 21 # Novosibirsk Time
|
2437 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2438 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
|
2475 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2476 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s |
2477 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1993 May 23 # say Shanks & P.
|
2440 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2441 7:00 - NOVT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
|
2478 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2479 7:00 - NOVT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s |
2480 6:00 - NOVT 2481 2482 2483# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 2484# Asia/Novokuznetsk covers...
|
2447# 42 RU-KEM Kemerovo Oblast
|
2485# 42 RU-KEM Kemerovo Oblast |
2486 2487# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-10-13): 2488# Kemerovo oblast' (Kemerovo region) in Russia will change current time zone on 2489# March 28, 2010: 2490# from current Russia Zone 6 - Krasnoyarsk Time Zone (KRA) UTC +0700 2491# to Russia Zone 5 - Novosibirsk Time Zone (NOV) UTC +0600 2492# 2493# This is according to Government of Russia decree # 740, on September 2494# 14, 2009 "Application in the territory of the Kemerovo region the Fifth 2495# time zone." ("Russia Zone 5" or old "USSR Zone 5" is GMT +0600) 2496# 2497# Russian Government web site (Russian language) 2498# http://www.government.ru/content/governmentactivity/rfgovernmentdecisions/archive/2009/09/14/991633.htm 2499# or Russian-English translation by WorldTimeZone.com with reference 2500# map to local region and new Russia Time Zone map after March 28, 2010 2501# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia03.html 2502# 2503# Thus, when Russia will switch to DST on the night of March 28, 2010 2504# Kemerovo region (Kemerovo oblast') will not change the clock. 2505# 2506# As a result, Kemerovo oblast' will be in the same time zone as 2507# Novosibirsk, Omsk, Tomsk, Barnaul and Altai Republic. 2508 2509# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-02), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02): 2510# The Kemerovo region will remain at UTC+7 through the 2014-10-26 change, thus 2511# realigning itself with KRAT. 2512
|
2475Zone Asia/Novokuznetsk 5:48:48 - NMT 1920 Jan 6
|
2513Zone Asia/Novokuznetsk 5:48:48 - LMT 1924 May 1 |
2514 6:00 - KRAT 1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time
|
2477 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2478 6:00 Russia KRA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2479 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s
2480 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s # Novosibirsk T
2481 7:00 - NOVT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
|
2515 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2516 6:00 Russia KRA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2517 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s 2518 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s # Novosibirsk 2519 7:00 - NOVT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s |
2520 7:00 - KRAT # Krasnoyarsk Time 2521 2522 2523# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): 2524# Asia/Krasnoyarsk covers...
|
2487# 17 RU-TY Tuva Republic
2488# 19 RU-KK Khakassia, Republic of
2489# 24 RU-KYA Krasnoyarsk Krai
|
2525# 17 RU-TY Tuva Republic 2526# 19 RU-KK Khakassia, Republic of 2527# 24 RU-KYA Krasnoyarsk Krai |
2528# 2529# Note: Effective 2007-01-01, (88) Evenk Autonomous Okrug and (84) Taymyr 2530# Autonomous Okrug were merged into (24, RU-KYA) Krasnoyarsk Krai. 2531
|
2494Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk 6:11:20 - LMT 1920 Jan 6
|
2532# Byalokoz 1919 says Krasnoyarsk was 6:11:26. 2533 2534Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk 6:11:26 - LMT 1920 Jan 6 |
2535 6:00 - KRAT 1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time
|
2496 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2497 6:00 Russia KRA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2498 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2499 8:00 - KRAT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
|
2536 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2537 6:00 Russia KRA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2538 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2539 8:00 - KRAT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s |
2540 7:00 - KRAT 2541 2542 2543# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): 2544# Asia/Irkutsk covers...
|
2505# 03 RU-BU Buryatia, Republic of
2506# 38 RU-IRK Irkutsk Oblast
|
2545# 03 RU-BU Buryatia, Republic of 2546# 38 RU-IRK Irkutsk Oblast |
2547# 2548# Note: Effective 2008-01-01, (85) Ust-Orda Buryat Autonomous Okrug was 2549# merged into (38, RU-IRK) Irkutsk Oblast. 2550
|
2511# Milne says Irkutsk time was 6:57:15.
|
2551# Milne 1899 says Irkutsk was 6:57:15. 2552# Byalokoz 1919 says Irkutsk was 6:57:05. 2553# Go with Byalokoz. |
2554
|
2513Zone Asia/Irkutsk 6:57:15 - LMT 1880
2514 6:57:15 - IMT 1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time
|
2555Zone Asia/Irkutsk 6:57:05 - LMT 1880 2556 6:57:05 - IMT 1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time |
2557 7:00 - IRKT 1930 Jun 21 # Irkutsk Time
|
2516 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2517 7:00 Russia IRK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2518 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2519 9:00 - IRKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
|
2558 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2559 7:00 Russia IRK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2560 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2561 9:00 - IRKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s |
2562 8:00 - IRKT 2563 2564 2565# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06): 2566# Asia/Chita covers...
|
2525# 92 RU-ZAB Zabaykalsky Krai
|
2567# 92 RU-ZAB Zabaykalsky Krai |
2568# 2569# Note: Effective 2008-03-01, (75) Chita Oblast and (80) Agin-Buryat 2570# Autonomous Okrug merged to form (92, RU-ZAB) Zabaykalsky Krai. 2571 2572Zone Asia/Chita 7:33:52 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 2573 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
|
2532 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2533 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2534 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2535 10:00 - YAKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
|
2574 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2575 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2576 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2577 10:00 - YAKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s |
2578 8:00 - IRKT 2579 2580 2581# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29): 2582# Asia/Yakutsk covers...
|
2541# 28 RU-AMU Amur Oblast
|
2583# 28 RU-AMU Amur Oblast |
2584# 2585# ...and parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic: 2586# 14-02 **** Aldansky District 2587# 14-04 **** Amginsky District 2588# 14-05 **** Anabarsky District 2589# 14-06 **** Bulunsky District 2590# 14-07 **** Verkhnevilyuysky District 2591# 14-10 **** Vilyuysky District 2592# 14-11 **** Gorny District 2593# 14-12 **** Zhigansky District 2594# 14-13 **** Kobyaysky District 2595# 14-14 **** Lensky District 2596# 14-15 **** Megino-Kangalassky District 2597# 14-16 **** Mirninsky District 2598# 14-18 **** Namsky District 2599# 14-19 **** Neryungrinsky District 2600# 14-21 **** Nyurbinsky District 2601# 14-23 **** Olenyoksky District 2602# 14-24 **** Olyokminsky District 2603# 14-26 **** Suntarsky District 2604# 14-27 **** Tattinsky District 2605# 14-29 **** Ust-Aldansky District 2606# 14-32 **** Khangalassky District 2607# 14-33 **** Churapchinsky District 2608# 14-34 **** Eveno-Bytantaysky National District 2609 2610# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 2611# Our commentary seems to have lost mention of (14-19) Neryungrinsky District. 2612# Since the surrounding districts of Sakha are all YAKT, assume this is, too. 2613# Also assume its history has been the same as the rest of Asia/Yakutsk. 2614
|
2573Zone Asia/Yakutsk 8:38:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 15
|
2615# Byalokoz 1919 says Yakutsk was 8:38:58. 2616 2617Zone Asia/Yakutsk 8:38:58 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 |
2618 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
|
2575 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2576 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2577 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2578 10:00 - YAKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
|
2619 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2620 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2621 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2622 10:00 - YAKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s |
2623 9:00 - YAKT 2624 2625 2626# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29): 2627# Asia/Vladivostok covers...
|
2584# 25 RU-PRI Primorsky Krai
2585# 27 RU-KHA Khabarovsk Krai
2586# 79 RU-YEV Jewish Autonomous Oblast
|
2628# 25 RU-PRI Primorsky Krai 2629# 27 RU-KHA Khabarovsk Krai 2630# 79 RU-YEV Jewish Autonomous Oblast |
2631# 2632# ...and parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic: 2633# 14-09 **** Verkhoyansky District 2634# 14-31 **** Ust-Yansky District 2635
|
2592# Milne says Vladivostok time was 8:47:33.5; round to nearest.
|
2636# Milne 1899 says Vladivostok was 8:47:33.5. 2637# Byalokoz 1919 says Vladivostok was 8:47:31. 2638# Go with Byalokoz. |
2639
|
2594Zone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:34 - LMT 1922 Nov 15
|
2640Zone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:31 - LMT 1922 Nov 15 |
2641 9:00 - VLAT 1930 Jun 21 # Vladivostok Time
|
2596 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2597 9:00 Russia VLA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2598 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2599 11:00 - VLAT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
|
2642 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2643 9:00 Russia VLA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2644 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2645 11:00 - VLAT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s |
2646 10:00 - VLAT 2647 2648 2649# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 2650# Asia/Khandyga covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic: 2651# 14-28 **** Tomponsky District 2652# 14-30 **** Ust-Maysky District 2653 2654# From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09): 2655# Tomponskij and Ust'-Majskij switched from Vladivostok time to Yakutsk time 2656# in 2011. 2657 2658# From Paul Eggert (2012-11-25): 2659# Shanks and Pottenger (2003) has Khandyga on Yakutsk time. 2660# Make a wild guess that it switched to Vladivostok time in 2004. 2661# This transition is no doubt wrong, but we have no better info. 2662 2663Zone Asia/Khandyga 9:02:13 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 2664 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
|
2619 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2620 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
|
2665 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2666 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s |
2667 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 2004
|
2622 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2623 11:00 - VLAT 2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725?
2624 10:00 - YAKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
|
2668 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2669 11:00 - VLAT 2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725? 2670 10:00 - YAKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s |
2671 9:00 - YAKT 2672 2673 2674# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 2675# Asia/Sakhalin covers...
|
2630# 65 RU-SAK Sakhalin Oblast
|
2676# 65 RU-SAK Sakhalin Oblast |
2677# ...with the exception of: 2678# 65-11 **** Severo-Kurilsky District (North Kuril Islands) 2679 2680# The Zone name should be Asia/Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, but that's too long. 2681Zone Asia/Sakhalin 9:30:48 - LMT 1905 Aug 23 2682 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1 2683 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 25
|
2638 11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s # Sakhalin T.
2639 10:00 Russia SAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2640 11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1997 Mar lastSun 2:00s
2641 10:00 Russia SAK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2642 11:00 - SAKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
|
2684 11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s # Sakhalin T 2685 10:00 Russia SAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2686 11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1997 Mar lastSun 2:00s 2687 10:00 Russia SAK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2688 11:00 - SAKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s |
2689 10:00 - SAKT 2690 2691 2692# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29): 2693# Asia/Magadan covers...
|
2648# 49 RU-MAG Magadan Oblast
|
2694# 49 RU-MAG Magadan Oblast |
2695 2696# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02): 2697# Magadan Oblast is moving from UTC+12 to UTC+10 on 2014-10-26; however, 2698# several districts of Sakha Republic as well as Severo-Kurilsky District of 2699# the Sakhalin Oblast (also known as the North Kuril Islands), represented 2700# until now by Asia/Magadan, will instead move to UTC+11. These regions will 2701# need their own zone. 2702 2703Zone Asia/Magadan 10:03:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 2704 10:00 - MAGT 1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time
|
2659 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2660 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2661 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2662 12:00 - MAGT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
|
2705 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2706 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2707 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2708 12:00 - MAGT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s |
2709 10:00 - MAGT 2710 2711 2712# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06): 2713# Asia/Srednekolymsk covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic: 2714# 14-01 **** Abyysky District 2715# 14-03 **** Allaikhovsky District 2716# 14-08 **** Verkhnekolymsky District 2717# 14-17 **** Momsky District 2718# 14-20 **** Nizhnekolymsky District 2719# 14-25 **** Srednekolymsky District 2720# 2721# ...and parts of (65, RU-SAK) Sakhalin Oblast: 2722# 65-11 **** Severo-Kurilsky District (North Kuril Islands) 2723 2724# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-02): 2725# Oymyakonsky District of Sakha Republic (represented by Ust-Nera), along with 2726# most of Sakhalin Oblast (represented by Sakhalin) will be moving to UTC+10 on 2727# 2014-10-26 to stay aligned with VLAT/SAKT; however, Severo-Kurilsky District 2728# of the Sakhalin Oblast (also known as the North Kuril Islands, represented by 2729# Severo-Kurilsk) will remain on UTC+11. 2730 2731# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06): 2732# Assume North Kuril Islands have history like Magadan before 2011-03-27. 2733# There is a decent chance this is wrong, in which case a new zone 2734# Asia/Severo-Kurilsk would become necessary. 2735# 2736# Srednekolymsk and Zyryanka are the most populous places amongst these 2737# districts, but have very similar populations. In fact, Wikipedia currently 2738# lists them both as having 3528 people, exactly 1668 males and 1860 females 2739# each! (Yikes!) 2740# http://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Srednekolymsky_District&oldid=603435276 2741# http://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Verkhnekolymsky_District&oldid=594378493 2742# Assume this is a mistake, albeit an amusing one. 2743# 2744# Looking at censuses, the populations of the two municipalities seem to have 2745# fluctuated recently. Zyryanka was more populous than Srednekolymsk in the 2746# 1989 and 2002 censuses, but Srednekolymsk was more populous in the most 2747# recent (2010) census, 3525 to 3170. (See pages 195 and 197 of 2748# http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/Documents/Vol1/pub-01-05.pdf 2749# in Russian.) In addition, Srednekolymsk appears to be a much older 2750# settlement and the population of Zyryanka seems to be declining. 2751# Go with Srednekolymsk. 2752# 2753# Since Magadan Oblast moves to UTC+10 on 2014-10-26, we cannot keep using MAGT 2754# as the abbreviation. Use SRET instead. 2755 2756Zone Asia/Srednekolymsk 10:14:52 - LMT 1924 May 2 2757 10:00 - MAGT 1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time
|
2712 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2713 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2714 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2715 12:00 - MAGT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2716 11:00 - SRET # Srednekolymsk Time
|
2758 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2759 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2760 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2761 12:00 - MAGT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2762 11:00 - SRET # Srednekolymsk Time |
2763 2764 2765# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 2766# Asia/Ust-Nera covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic: 2767# 14-22 **** Oymyakonsky District 2768 2769# From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09): 2770# Ojmyakonskij [and the Kuril Islands] switched from 2771# Magadan time to Vladivostok time in 2011. 2772# 2773# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02): 2774# It's unlikely that any of the Kuril Islands were involved in such a switch, 2775# as the South and Middle Kurils have been on UTC+11 (SAKT) with the rest of 2776# Sakhalin Oblast since at least 2011-09, and the North Kurils have been on 2777# UTC+12 since at least then, too. 2778 2779Zone Asia/Ust-Nera 9:32:54 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 2780 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time 2781 9:00 Russia YAKT 1981 Apr 1
|
2736 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2737 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2738 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2739 12:00 - MAGT 2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725?
2740 11:00 - VLAT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
|
2782 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2783 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2784 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2785 12:00 - MAGT 2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725? 2786 11:00 - VLAT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s |
2787 10:00 - VLAT 2788 2789 2790# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): 2791# Asia/Kamchatka covers...
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2746# 91 RU-KAM Kamchatka Krai
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2792# 91 RU-KAM Kamchatka Krai |
2793# 2794# Note: Effective 2007-07-01, (41) Kamchatka Oblast and (82) Koryak 2795# Autonomous Okrug merged to form (91, RU-KAM) Kamchatka Krai. 2796 2797# The Zone name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski or perhaps 2798# Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, but these are too long. 2799Zone Asia/Kamchatka 10:34:36 - LMT 1922 Nov 10 2800 11:00 - PETT 1930 Jun 21 # P-K Time
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2755 12:00 Russia PET%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2756 11:00 Russia PET%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2757 12:00 Russia PET%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s
2758 11:00 Russia PET%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
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2801 12:00 Russia PET%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2802 11:00 Russia PET%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2803 12:00 Russia PET%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s 2804 11:00 Russia PET%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s |
2805 12:00 - PETT 2806 2807 2808# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 2809# Asia/Anadyr covers...
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2764# 87 RU-CHU Chukotka Autonomous Okrug
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2810# 87 RU-CHU Chukotka Autonomous Okrug |
2811 2812Zone Asia/Anadyr 11:49:56 - LMT 1924 May 2 2813 12:00 - ANAT 1930 Jun 21 # Anadyr Time
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2768 13:00 Russia ANA%sT 1982 Apr 1 0:00s
2769 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2770 11:00 Russia ANA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2771 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s
2772 11:00 Russia ANA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
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2814 13:00 Russia ANA%sT 1982 Apr 1 0:00s 2815 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2816 11:00 Russia ANA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2817 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s 2818 11:00 Russia ANA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s |
2819 12:00 - ANAT 2820 2821 2822# San Marino 2823# See Europe/Rome. 2824 2825# Serbia 2826# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2827Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884 2828 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 2829 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945
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2784 1:00 - CET 1945 May 8 2:00s
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2830 1:00 - CET 1945 May 8 2:00s |
2831 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s 2832# Metod Ko��elj reports that the legal date of 2833# transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time. 2834# Shanks & Pottenger don't give as much detail, so go with Ko��elj. 2835 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27 2836 1:00 EU CE%sT 2837Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana # Slovenia 2838Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Podgorica # Montenegro 2839Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Sarajevo # Bosnia and Herzegovina 2840Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Skopje # Macedonia 2841Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Zagreb # Croatia 2842 2843# Slovakia 2844Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava 2845 2846# Slovenia 2847# See Europe/Belgrade. 2848 2849# Spain 2850# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2851# For 1917-1919 Whitman gives Apr Sat>=1 - Oct Sat>=1; 2852# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2853Rule Spain 1917 only - May 5 23:00s 1:00 S 2854Rule Spain 1917 1919 - Oct 6 23:00s 0 - 2855Rule Spain 1918 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 2856Rule Spain 1919 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S 2857# Whitman gives 1921 Feb 28 - Oct 14; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2858Rule Spain 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S 2859# Whitman gives 1924 Oct 14; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2860Rule Spain 1924 only - Oct 4 23:00s 0 - 2861Rule Spain 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 2862# Whitman says no DST in 1929; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2863Rule Spain 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 2864Rule Spain 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 2865Rule Spain 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 2866Rule Spain 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S 2867# Whitman gives 1937 Jun 16, 1938 Apr 16, 1940 Apr 13; 2868# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2869Rule Spain 1937 only - May 22 23:00s 1:00 S 2870Rule Spain 1937 1939 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 2871Rule Spain 1938 only - Mar 22 23:00s 1:00 S 2872Rule Spain 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 2873Rule Spain 1940 only - Mar 16 23:00s 1:00 S 2874# Whitman says no DST 1942-1945; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2875Rule Spain 1942 only - May 2 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer 2876Rule Spain 1942 only - Sep 1 22:00s 1:00 S 2877Rule Spain 1943 1946 - Apr Sat>=13 22:00s 2:00 M 2878Rule Spain 1943 only - Oct 3 22:00s 1:00 S 2879Rule Spain 1944 only - Oct 10 22:00s 1:00 S 2880Rule Spain 1945 only - Sep 30 1:00 1:00 S 2881Rule Spain 1946 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 2882Rule Spain 1949 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S 2883Rule Spain 1949 only - Sep 30 1:00 0 - 2884Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Apr Sat>=13 23:00 1:00 S 2885Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 - 2886Rule Spain 1976 only - Mar 27 23:00 1:00 S 2887Rule Spain 1976 1977 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - 2888Rule Spain 1977 1978 - Apr 2 23:00 1:00 S 2889Rule Spain 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 2890# The following rules are copied from Morocco from 1967 through 1978. 2891Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S 2892Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2893Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S 2894Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 2895Rule SpainAfrica 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 2896Rule SpainAfrica 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 2897Rule SpainAfrica 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 2898Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 2899Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - 2900# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2901Zone Europe/Madrid -0:14:44 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 0:00s 2902 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1946 Sep 30 2903 1:00 Spain CE%sT 1979 2904 1:00 EU CE%sT 2905Zone Africa/Ceuta -0:21:16 - LMT 1901 2906 0:00 - WET 1918 May 6 23:00 2907 0:00 1:00 WEST 1918 Oct 7 23:00 2908 0:00 - WET 1924 2909 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1929
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2864 0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT 1984 Mar 16
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2910 0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT 1984 Mar 16 |
2911 1:00 - CET 1986 2912 1:00 EU CE%sT 2913Zone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C.
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2868 -1:00 - CANT 1946 Sep 30 1:00 # Canaries Time
2869 0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s
2870 0:00 1:00 WEST 1980 Sep 28 0:00s
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2914 -1:00 - CANT 1946 Sep 30 1:00 # Canaries T 2915 0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s 2916 0:00 1:00 WEST 1980 Sep 28 0:00s |
2917 0:00 EU WE%sT 2918# IATA SSIM (1996-09) says the Canaries switch at 2:00u, not 1:00u. 2919# Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU. 2920 2921# Sweden 2922 2923# From Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13), superseding Shanks & Pottenger: 2924# 2925# The law "Svensk f��rfattningssamling 1878, no 14" about standard time in 1879: 2926# From the beginning of 1879 (that is 01-01 00:00) the time for all 2927# places in the country is "the mean solar time for the meridian at 2928# three degrees, or twelve minutes of time, to the west of the 2929# meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated 1878-05-31. 2930# 2931# The observatory at that time had the meridian 18 degrees 03' 30" 2932# eastern longitude = 01:12:14 in time. Less 12 minutes gives the 2933# national standard time as 01:00:14 ahead of GMT.... 2934# 2935# About the beginning of CET in Sweden. The lawtext ("Svensk 2936# f��rfattningssamling 1899, no 44") states, that "from the beginning 2937# of 1900... ... the same as the mean solar time for the meridian at 2938# the distance of one hour of time from the meridian of the English 2939# observatory at Greenwich, or at 12 minutes 14 seconds to the west 2940# from the meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated 2941# 1899-06-16. In short: At 1900-01-01 00:00:00 the new standard time 2942# in Sweden is 01:00:00 ahead of GMT. 2943# 2944# 1916: The lawtext ("Svensk f��rfattningssamling 1916, no 124") states 2945# that "1916-05-15 is considered to begin one hour earlier". It is 2946# pretty obvious that at 05-14 23:00 the clocks are set to 05-15 00:00.... 2947# Further the law says, that "1916-09-30 is considered to end one hour later". 2948# 2949# The laws regulating [DST] are available on the site of the Swedish 2950# Parliament beginning with 1985 - the laws regulating 1980/1984 are 2951# not available on the site (to my knowledge they are only available 2952# in Swedish): <http://www.riksdagen.se/english/work/sfst.asp> (type 2953# "sommartid" without the quotes in the field "Fritext" and then click 2954# the S��k-button). 2955# 2956# (2001-05-13): 2957# 2958# I have now found a newspaper stating that at 1916-10-01 01:00 2959# summertime the church-clocks etc were set back one hour to show 2960# 1916-10-01 00:00 standard time. The article also reports that some 2961# people thought the switch to standard time would take place already 2962# at 1916-10-01 00:00 summer time, but they had to wait for another 2963# hour before the event took place. 2964# 2965# Source: The newspaper "Dagens Nyheter", 1916-10-01, page 7 upper left. 2966 2967# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2968Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1879 Jan 1
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2923 1:00:14 - SET 1900 Jan 1 # Swedish Time
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2969 1:00:14 - SET 1900 Jan 1 # Swedish Time |
2970 1:00 - CET 1916 May 14 23:00
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2925 1:00 1:00 CEST 1916 Oct 1 01:00
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2971 1:00 1:00 CEST 1916 Oct 1 1:00 |
2972 1:00 - CET 1980 2973 1:00 EU CE%sT 2974 2975# Switzerland 2976# From Howse: 2977# By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace 2978# and their performance improved enormously. Communities began to keep 2979# mean time in preference to apparent time - Geneva from 1780 .... 2980# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2981# From Whitman (who writes "Midnight?"): 2982# Rule Swiss 1940 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S 2983# Rule Swiss 1940 only - Dec 31 0:00 0 - 2984# From Shanks & Pottenger: 2985# Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 2986# Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 2987 2988# From Alois Treindl (2008-12-17): 2989# I have researched the DST usage in Switzerland during the 1940ies. 2990# 2991# As I wrote in an earlier message, I suspected the current tzdata values 2992# to be wrong. This is now verified. 2993# 2994# I have found copies of the original ruling by the Swiss Federal 2995# government, in 'Eidgen��ssische Gesetzessammlung 1941 and 1942' (Swiss 2996# federal law collection)... 2997# 2998# DST began on Monday 5 May 1941, 1:00 am by shifting the clocks to 2:00 am 2999# DST ended on Monday 6 Oct 1941, 2:00 am by shifting the clocks to 1:00 am. 3000# 3001# DST began on Monday, 4 May 1942 at 01:00 am 3002# DST ended on Monday, 5 Oct 1942 at 02:00 am 3003# 3004# There was no DST in 1940, I have checked the law collection carefully. 3005# It is also indicated by the fact that the 1942 entry in the law 3006# collection points back to 1941 as a reference, but no reference to any 3007# other years are made. 3008# 3009# Newspaper articles I have read in the archives on 6 May 1941 reported 3010# about the introduction of DST (Sommerzeit in German) during the previous 3011# night as an absolute novelty, because this was the first time that such 3012# a thing had happened in Switzerland. 3013# 3014# I have also checked 1916, because one book source (Gabriel, Trait�� de 3015# l'heure dans le monde) claims that Switzerland had DST in 1916. This is 3016# false, no official document could be found. Probably Gabriel got misled 3017# by references to Germany, which introduced DST in 1916 for the first time. 3018# 3019# The tzdata rules for Switzerland must be changed to: 3020# Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S 3021# Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 - 3022# 3023# The 1940 rules must be deleted. 3024# 3025# One further detail for Switzerland, which is probably out of scope for 3026# most users of tzdata: The [Europe/Zurich zone] ... 3027# describes all of Switzerland correctly, with the exception of 3028# the Canton de Gen��ve (Geneva, Genf). Between 1848 and 1894 Geneva did not 3029# follow Bern Mean Time but kept its own local mean time. 3030# To represent this, an extra zone would be needed. 3031# 3032# From Alois Treindl (2013-09-11): 3033# The Federal regulations say 3034# http://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20071096/index.html 3035# ... the meridian for Bern mean time ... is 7 degrees 26' 22.50". 3036# Expressed in time, it is 0h29m45.5s. 3037 3038# From Pierre-Yves Berger (2013-09-11): 3039# the "Circulaire du conseil f��d��ral" (December 11 1893)
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2994# <http://www.amtsdruckschriften.bar.admin.ch/viewOrigDoc.do?id=10071353> ...
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3040# http://www.amtsdruckschriften.bar.admin.ch/viewOrigDoc.do?id=10071353 |
3041# clearly states that the [1894-06-01] change should be done at midnight 3042# but if no one is present after 11 at night, could be postponed until one 3043# hour before the beginning of service. 3044 3045# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-11): 3046# Round BMT to the nearest even second, 0:29:46. 3047# 3048# We can find no reliable source for Shanks's assertion that all of Switzerland 3049# except Geneva switched to Bern Mean Time at 00:00 on 1848-09-12. This book: 3050# 3051# Jakob Messerli. Gleichm��ssig, p��nktlich, schnell. Zeiteinteilung und 3052# Zeitgebrauch in der Schweiz im 19. Jahrhundert. Chronos, Zurich 1995, 3053# ISBN 3-905311-68-2, OCLC 717570797. 3054# 3055# suggests that the transition was more gradual, and that the Swiss did not 3056# agree about civil time during the transition. The timekeeping it gives the 3057# most detail for is postal and telegraph time: here, federal legislation (the 3058# "Bundesgesetz ��ber die Erstellung von elektrischen Telegraphen") passed on 3059# 1851-11-23, and an official implementation notice was published 1853-07-16 3060# (Bundesblatt 1853, Bd. II, S. 859). On p 72 Messerli writes that in 3061# practice since July 1853 Bernese time was used in "all postal and telegraph 3062# offices in Switzerland from Geneva to St. Gallen and Basel to Chiasso" 3063# (Google translation). For now, model this transition as occurring on 3064# 1853-07-16, though it probably occurred at some other date in Zurich, and 3065# legal civil time probably changed at still some other transition date. 3066 3067# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 3068Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S 3069Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 - 3070# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3071Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1853 Jul 16 # See above comment.
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3026 0:29:46 - BMT 1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time
|
3072 0:29:46 - BMT 1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time |
3073 1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981 3074 1:00 EU CE%sT 3075 3076# Turkey 3077 3078# From Amar Devegowda (2007-01-03): 3079# The time zone rules for Istanbul, Turkey have not been changed for years now. 3080# ... The latest rules are available at: 3081# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=107 3082# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-01-03): 3083# I have been able to find press records back to 1996 which all say that 3084# DST started 01:00 local time and end at 02:00 local time. I am not sure 3085# what happened before that. One example for each year from 1996 to 2001: 3086# http://newspot.byegm.gov.tr/arsiv/1996/21/N4.htm 3087# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING97/03/97X03X25.TXT 3088# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING98/03/98X03X02.HTM 3089# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING99/10/99X10X26.HTM#%2016 3090# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING2000/03/00X03X06.HTM#%2021 3091# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING2001/03/23x03x01.HTM#%2027 3092# From Paul Eggert (2007-01-03): 3093# Prefer the above source to Shanks & Pottenger for time stamps after 1990. 3094 3095# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-03-09): 3096# Starting 2007 though, it seems that they are adopting EU's 1:00 UTC 3097# start/end time, according to the following page (2007-03-07): 3098# http://www.ntvmsnbc.com/news/402029.asp 3099# The official document is located here - it is in Turkish...: 3100# http://rega.basbakanlik.gov.tr/eskiler/2007/03/20070307-7.htm 3101# I was able to locate the following seemingly official document 3102# (on a non-government server though) describing dates between 2002 and 2006: 3103# http://www.alomaliye.com/bkk_2002_3769.htm 3104 3105# From G��kdeniz Karada�� (2011-03-10): 3106# According to the articles linked below, Turkey will change into summer 3107# time zone (GMT+3) on March 28, 2011 at 3:00 a.m. instead of March 27. 3108# This change is due to a nationwide exam on 27th. 3109# http://www.worldbulletin.net/?aType=haber&ArticleID=70872 3110# Turkish: 3111# http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/ekonomi/17230464.asp?gid=373 3112 3113# From Faruk Pasin (2014-02-14): 3114# The DST for Turkey has been changed for this year because of the 3115# Turkish Local election.... 3116# http://www.sabah.com.tr/Ekonomi/2014/02/12/yaz-saatinde-onemli-degisiklik 3117# ... so Turkey will move clocks forward one hour on March 31 at 3:00 a.m. 3118# From Randal L. Schwartz (2014-04-15): 3119# Having landed on a flight from the states to Istanbul (via AMS) on March 31, 3120# I can tell you that NOBODY (even the airlines) respected this timezone DST 3121# change delay. Maybe the word just didn't get out in time. 3122# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-15): 3123# The press reported massive confusion, as election officials obeyed the rule 3124# change but cell phones (and airline baggage systems) did not. See: 3125# Kostidis M. Eventful elections in Turkey. Balkan News Agency 3126# http://www.balkaneu.com/eventful-elections-turkey/ 2014-03-30. 3127# I guess the best we can do is document the official time. 3128 3129# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 3130Rule Turkey 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 3131Rule Turkey 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 3132Rule Turkey 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S 3133Rule Turkey 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 - 3134Rule Turkey 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 3135Rule Turkey 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 3136Rule Turkey 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 3137Rule Turkey 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 3138# Whitman gives 1923 Apr 28 - Sep 16 and no DST in 1924-1925; 3139# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 3140Rule Turkey 1924 only - May 13 0:00 1:00 S 3141Rule Turkey 1924 1925 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 3142Rule Turkey 1925 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 3143Rule Turkey 1940 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 S 3144Rule Turkey 1940 only - Oct 5 0:00 0 - 3145Rule Turkey 1940 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S 3146Rule Turkey 1941 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 3147Rule Turkey 1942 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 3148# Whitman omits the next two transition and gives 1945 Oct 1; 3149# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 3150Rule Turkey 1942 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 3151Rule Turkey 1945 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 S 3152Rule Turkey 1945 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 3153Rule Turkey 1946 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 3154Rule Turkey 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 3155Rule Turkey 1947 1948 - Apr Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S 3156Rule Turkey 1947 1950 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 - 3157Rule Turkey 1949 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S 3158Rule Turkey 1950 only - Apr 19 0:00 1:00 S 3159Rule Turkey 1951 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S 3160Rule Turkey 1951 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 3161Rule Turkey 1962 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S 3162Rule Turkey 1962 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 3163Rule Turkey 1964 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 3164Rule Turkey 1964 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 3165Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - May Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 S 3166Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 - 3167Rule Turkey 1973 only - Jun 3 1:00 1:00 S 3168Rule Turkey 1973 only - Nov 4 3:00 0 - 3169Rule Turkey 1974 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S 3170Rule Turkey 1974 only - Nov 3 5:00 0 - 3171Rule Turkey 1975 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S 3172Rule Turkey 1975 1976 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 3173Rule Turkey 1976 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 3174Rule Turkey 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 3175Rule Turkey 1977 only - Oct 16 0:00 0 - 3176Rule Turkey 1979 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 3:00 1:00 S 3177Rule Turkey 1979 1982 - Oct Mon>=11 0:00 0 - 3178Rule Turkey 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 3:00 1:00 S 3179Rule Turkey 1983 only - Jul 31 0:00 1:00 S 3180Rule Turkey 1983 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 3181Rule Turkey 1985 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 S 3182Rule Turkey 1985 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 3183Rule Turkey 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 3184Rule Turkey 1986 1990 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 3185Rule Turkey 1991 2006 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 3186Rule Turkey 1991 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 3187Rule Turkey 1996 2006 - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 - 3188# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3189Zone Europe/Istanbul 1:55:52 - LMT 1880 3190 1:56:56 - IMT 1910 Oct # Istanbul Mean Time? 3191 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1978 Oct 15 3192 3:00 Turkey TR%sT 1985 Apr 20 # Turkey Time 3193 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 2007
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3148 2:00 EU EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 1:00u
3149 2:00 - EET 2011 Mar 28 1:00u
3150 2:00 EU EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 1:00u
3151 2:00 - EET 2014 Mar 31 1:00u
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3194 2:00 EU EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 1:00u 3195 2:00 - EET 2011 Mar 28 1:00u 3196 2:00 EU EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 1:00u 3197 2:00 - EET 2014 Mar 31 1:00u |
3198 2:00 EU EE%sT 3199Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents. 3200 3201# Ukraine 3202# 3203# From Igor Karpov, who works for the Ukrainian Ministry of Justice, 3204# via Garrett Wollman (2003-01-27): 3205# BTW, I've found the official document on this matter. It's government 3206# regulations number 509, May 13, 1996. In my poor translation it says: 3207# "Time in Ukraine is set to second timezone (Kiev time). Each last Sunday 3208# of March at 3am the time is changing to 4am and each last Sunday of 3209# October the time at 4am is changing to 3am" 3210 3211# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-09-20): 3212# On September 20, 2011 the deputies of the Verkhovna Rada agreed to 3213# abolish the transfer clock to winter time. 3214# 3215# Bill number 8330 of MP from the Party of Regions Oleg Nadoshi got 3216# approval from 266 deputies. 3217# 3218# Ukraine abolishes transfer back to the winter time (in Russian) 3219# http://news.mail.ru/politics/6861560/ 3220# 3221# The Ukrainians will no longer change the clock (in Russian) 3222# http://www.segodnya.ua/news/14290482.html 3223# 3224# Deputies cancelled the winter time (in Russian) 3225# http://www.pravda.com.ua/rus/news/2011/09/20/6600616/ 3226# 3227# From Philip Pizzey (2011-10-18): 3228# Today my Ukrainian colleagues have informed me that the 3229# Ukrainian parliament have decided that they will go to winter 3230# time this year after all. 3231# 3232# From Udo Schwedt (2011-10-18): 3233# As far as I understand, the recent change to the Ukrainian time zone 3234# (Europe/Kiev) to introduce permanent daylight saving time (similar 3235# to Russia) was reverted today: 3236# http://portal.rada.gov.ua/rada/control/en/publish/article/info_left?art_id=287324&cat_id=105995 3237# 3238# Also reported by Alexander Bokovoy (2011-10-18) who also noted: 3239# The law documents themselves are at 3240# http://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/zweb_n/webproc4_1?id=&pf3511=41484 3241 3242# From Vladimir in Moscow via Alois Treindl re Kiev time 1991/2 (2014-02-28): 3243# First in Ukraine they changed Time zone from UTC+3 to UTC+2 with DST: 3244# 03 25 1990 02:00 -03.00 1 Time Zone 3 with DST 3245# 07 01 1990 02:00 -02.00 1 Time Zone 2 with DST 3246# * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 18.06.1990, No. 134. 3247# http://search.ligazakon.ua/l_doc2.nsf/link1/T001500.html 3248# 3249# They did not end DST in September, 1990 (according to the law, 3250# "summer time" was still in action): 3251# 09 30 1990 03:00 -02.00 1 Time Zone 2 with DST 3252# * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 21.09.1990, No. 272. 3253# http://search.ligazakon.ua/l_doc2.nsf/link1/KP900272.html 3254# 3255# Again no change in March, 1991 ("summer time" in action): 3256# 03 31 1991 02:00 -02.00 1 Time Zone 2 with DST 3257# 3258# DST ended in September 1991 ("summer time" ended): 3259# 09 29 1991 03:00 -02.00 0 Time Zone 2, no DST 3260# * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 25.09.1991, No. 225. 3261# http://www.uazakon.com/documents/date_21/pg_iwgdoc.htm 3262# This is an answer. 3263# 3264# Since 1992 they had normal DST procedure: 3265# 03 29 1992 02:00 -02.00 1 DST started 3266# 09 27 1992 03:00 -02.00 0 DST ended 3267# * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 20.03.1992, No. 139. 3268# http://www.uazakon.com/documents/date_8u/pg_grcasa.htm 3269 3270# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3271# Most of Ukraine since 1970 has been like Kiev. 3272# "Kyiv" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but 3273# "Kiev" is more common in English. 3274Zone Europe/Kiev 2:02:04 - LMT 1880 3275 2:02:04 - KMT 1924 May 2 # Kiev Mean Time 3276 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 3277 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 20 3278 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Nov 6
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3233 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 Jul 1 2:00
3234 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 3:00
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3279 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 Jul 1 2:00 3280 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 3:00 |
3281 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 3282 2:00 EU EE%sT 3283# Ruthenia used CET 1990/1991. 3284# "Uzhhorod" is the transliteration of the Rusyn/Ukrainian pronunciation, but 3285# "Uzhgorod" is more common in English. 3286Zone Europe/Uzhgorod 1:29:12 - LMT 1890 Oct 3287 1:00 - CET 1940 3288 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 3289 1:00 1:00 CEST 1944 Oct 26 3290 1:00 - CET 1945 Jun 29 3291 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
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3246 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00
3247 1:00 - CET 1991 Mar 31 3:00
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3292 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 3293 1:00 - CET 1991 Mar 31 3:00 |
3294 2:00 - EET 1992 3295 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 3296 2:00 EU EE%sT 3297# Zaporozh'ye and eastern Lugansk oblasts observed DST 1990/1991. 3298# "Zaporizhia" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but 3299# "Zaporozh'ye" is more common in English. Use the common English 3300# spelling, except omit the apostrophe as it is not allowed in 3301# portable Posix file names. 3302Zone Europe/Zaporozhye 2:20:40 - LMT 1880 3303 2:20 - CUT 1924 May 2 # Central Ukraine T 3304 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 3305 3:00 - MSK 1941 Aug 25 3306 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Oct 25
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3261 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00
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3307 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00 |
3308 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 3309 2:00 EU EE%sT 3310 3311# Vatican City 3312# See Europe/Rome. 3313 3314############################################################################### 3315 3316# One source shows that Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, and Greece observe DST from 3317# the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in September in 1986. 3318# The source shows Romania changing a day later than everybody else. 3319# 3320# According to Bernard Sieloff's source, Poland is in the MET time zone but 3321# uses the WE DST rules. The Western USSR uses EET+1 and ME DST rules. 3322# Bernard Sieloff's source claims Romania switches on the same day, but at 3323# 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST). It also claims that Turkey 3324# switches on the same day, but switches on at 01:00 standard time 3325# and off at 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST) 3326 3327# ... 3328# Date: Wed, 28 Jan 87 16:56:27 -0100 3329# From: Tom Hofmann 3330# ... 3331# 3332# ...the European time rules are...standardized since 1981, when
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3287# most European coun[tr]ies started DST. Before that year, only
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3333# most European countries started DST. Before that year, only |
3334# a few countries (UK, France, Italy) had DST, each according 3335# to own national rules. In 1981, however, DST started on 3336# 'Apr firstSun', and not on 'Mar lastSun' as in the following 3337# years... 3338# But also since 1981 there are some more national exceptions 3339# than listed in 'europe': Switzerland, for example, joined DST 3340# one year later, Denmark ended DST on 'Oct 1' instead of 'Sep 3341# lastSun' in 1981 - I don't know how they handle now. 3342# 3343# Finally, DST ist always from 'Apr 1' to 'Oct 1' in the 3344# Soviet Union (as far as I know). 3345# 3346# Tom Hofmann, Scientific Computer Center, CIBA-GEIGY AG, 3347# 4002 Basle, Switzerland 3348# ... 3349 3350# ... 3351# Date: Wed, 4 Feb 87 22:35:22 +0100 3352# From: Dik T. Winter 3353# ... 3354# 3355# The information from Tom Hofmann is (as far as I know) not entirely correct. 3356# After a request from chongo at amdahl I tried to retrieve all information 3357# about DST in Europe. I was able to find all from about 1969. 3358# 3359# ...standardization on DST in Europe started in about 1977 with switches on 3360# first Sunday in April and last Sunday in September... 3361# In 1981 UK joined Europe insofar that 3362# the starting day for both shifted to last Sunday in March. And from 1982 3363# the whole of Europe used DST, with switch dates April 1 and October 1 in 3364# the Sov[i]et Union. In 1985 the SU reverted to standard Europe[a]n switch 3365# dates... 3366# 3367# It should also be remembered that time-zones are not constants; e.g. 3368# Portugal switched in 1976 from MET (or CET) to WET with DST... 3369# Note also that though there were rules for switch dates not 3370# all countries abided to these dates, and many individual deviations 3371# occurred, though not since 1982 I believe. Another note: it is always 3372# assumed that DST is 1 hour ahead of normal time, this need not be the 3373# case; at least in the Netherlands there have been times when DST was 2 hours 3374# in advance of normal time. 3375# 3376# ... 3377# dik t. winter, cwi, amsterdam, nederland 3378# ... 3379 3380# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28): 3381# ... 3382# Greece: Last Sunday in April to last Sunday in September (iffy on dates). 3383# Since 1978. Change at midnight. 3384# ... 3385# Monaco: has same DST as France. 3386# ...
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