1# @(#)europe 7.83 |
2 3# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 4# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 5# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). 6 7# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-10-29): 8# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 9# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition), --- 18 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 28# <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HISTHV.htm"> 29# History of Summer Time 30# </a> (1998-09-21, in Portuguese) 31 32# 33# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; 34# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 35# Corrections are welcome! |
36# std dst 2dst 37# LMT Local Mean Time 38# -4:00 AST ADT Atlantic 39# -3:00 WGT WGST Western Greenland* 40# -1:00 EGT EGST Eastern Greenland* 41# 0:00 GMT BST BDST Greenwich, British Summer 42# 0:00 GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer 43# 0:00 WET WEST WEMT Western Europe 44# 0:19:32.13 AMT NST Amsterdam, Netherlands Summer (1835-1937)* 45# 0:20 NET NEST Netherlands (1937-1940)* 46# 1:00 CET CEST CEMT Central Europe 47# 1:00:14 SET Swedish (1879-1899)* 48# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe 49# 3:00 MSK MSD Moscow |
50# 51# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones, especially in Britain, 52# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 53 54# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-12-04), 55# The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy, 56# Luxembourg, the Netherlands. 57# Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom. --- 495 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 553# Andorra 554# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 555Zone Europe/Andorra 0:06:04 - LMT 1901 556 0:00 - WET 1946 Sep 30 557 1:00 - CET 1985 Mar 31 2:00 558 1:00 EU CE%sT 559 560# Austria |
561 562# From Paul Eggert (2003-02-28): Shanks gives 1918-06-16 and 563# 1945-11-18, but the Austrian Federal Office of Metrology and 564# Surveying (BEV) gives 1918-09-16 and for Vienna gives the "alleged" 565# date of 1945-04-12 with no time. For the 1980-04-06 transition 566# Shanks gives 02:00, the BEV 00:00. Go with the BEV, and guess 02:00 567# for 1945-04-12. 568 |
569# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 570Rule Austria 1920 only - Apr 5 2:00s 1:00 S 571Rule Austria 1920 only - Sep 13 2:00s 0 - |
572Rule Austria 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S 573Rule Austria 1946 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 574Rule Austria 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S 575Rule Austria 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S |
576Rule Austria 1980 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S 577Rule Austria 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - |
578# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 579Zone Europe/Vienna 1:05:20 - LMT 1893 Apr |
580 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1920 581 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1940 Apr 1 2:00s 582 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s 583 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Apr 12 2:00s 584 1:00 - CET 1946 |
585 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1981 586 1:00 EU CE%sT 587 588# Belarus 589# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 590Zone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880 591 1:50 - MMT 1924 May 2 # Minsk Mean Time 592 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 --- 66 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 659 1:00 - CET 1916 May 1 0:00 660 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Nov 11 11:00u 661 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 20 2:00s 662 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 3 663 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977 664 1:00 EU CE%sT 665 666# Bosnia and Herzegovina |
667# see Serbia and Montenegro |
668 669# Bulgaria 670# 671# From Plamen Simenov <P.Simeonov@cnsys.bg> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 672# A document of Government of Bulgaria (No.94/1997) says: 673# EET --> EETDST is in 03:00 Local time in last Sunday of March ... 674# EETDST --> EET is in 04:00 Local time in last Sunday of October 675# --- 10 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 686 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 3:00 687 2:00 - EET 1979 Mar 31 23:00 688 2:00 Bulg EE%sT 1982 Sep 26 2:00 689 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 690 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 691 2:00 EU EE%sT 692 693# Croatia |
694# see Serbia and Montenegro |
695 696# Czech Republic 697# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 698Rule Czech 1945 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S 699Rule Czech 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - 700Rule Czech 1946 only - May 6 2:00s 1:00 S 701Rule Czech 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 702Rule Czech 1947 only - Apr 20 2:00s 1:00 S --- 52 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 755# Standard Greenland time UTC-3 756# Scoresbysund UTC-1 757# Danmarkshavn UTC 758# 759# In the military area near Thule and in Danmarkshavn DST will not be 760# introduced. 761 762# From Rives McDow (2001-11-01): |
763# |
764# I correspond regularly with the Dansk Polarcenter, and wrote them at 765# the time to clarify the situation in Thule. Unfortunately, I have 766# not heard back from them regarding my recent letter. [But I have 767# info from earlier correspondence.] 768# 769# According to the center, a very small local time zone around Thule 770# Air Base keeps the time according to UTC-4, implementing daylight 771# savings using North America rules, changing the time at 02:00 local time.... --- 224 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 996 1:00 France CE%sT 1977 997 1:00 EU CE%sT 998 999# Germany 1000 1001# From Markus Kuhn <Markus.Kuhn@cl.cam.ac.uk> (1998-09-29): 1002# The German time zone web site by the Physikalisch-Technische 1003# Bundesanstalt contains DST information back to 1916. |
1004# [See tz-link.htm for the URL.] |
1005 |
1006# From Joerg Schilling (2002-10-23): 1007# In 1945, Berlin was switched to Moscow Summer time (GMT+4) by <a 1008# href="http://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/BersarinNikolai/"> 1009# General [Nikolai] Bersarin</a>. 1010 1011# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-08): 1012# <a href="http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf"> 1013# says that Bersarin issued an order to use Moscow time on May 20. 1014# However, Moscow did not observe daylight saving in 1945, so 1015# this was equivalent to CEMT (GMT+3), not GMT+4. 1016 1017 |
1018# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1019Rule Germany 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S |
1020Rule Germany 1945 only - May 24 2:00 2:00 M # Midsummer 1021Rule Germany 1945 only - Sep 24 3:00 1:00 S |
1022Rule Germany 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - 1023Rule Germany 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S 1024Rule Germany 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - 1025Rule Germany 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 1026Rule Germany 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S |
1027Rule Germany 1947 only - May 11 2:00s 2:00 M 1028Rule Germany 1947 only - Jun 29 3:00 1:00 S 1029Rule Germany 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 1030Rule Germany 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S 1031# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1032Zone Europe/Berlin 0:53:28 - LMT 1893 Apr 1033 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 1034 1:00 Germany CE%sT 1980 --- 315 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1350# The Lithuanian government also announced plans to consider a 1351# motion to give up shifting to summer time in spring, as it was 1352# already done by Estonia. 1353 1354# From the <a href="http://www.tourism.lt/informa/ff.htm"> 1355# Fact File, Lithuanian State Department of Tourism 1356# </a> (2000-03-27): Local time is GMT+2 hours ..., no daylight saving. 1357 |
1358# From a user via Klaus Marten (2003-02-07): 1359# As a candidate for membership of the European Union, Lithuania will 1360# observe Summer Time in 2003, changing its clocks at the times laid 1361# down in EU Directive 2000/84 of 19.I.01 (i.e. at the same times as its 1362# neighbour Latvia). The text of the Lithuanian government Order of 1363# 7.XI.02 to this effect can be found at 1364# http://www.lrvk.lt/nut/11/n1749.htm 1365 1366 |
1367# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1368Zone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880 1369 1:24:00 - WMT 1917 # Warsaw Mean Time 1370 1:35:36 - KMT 1919 Oct 10 # Kaunas Mean Time 1371 1:00 - CET 1920 Jul 12 1372 2:00 - EET 1920 Oct 9 1373 1:00 - CET 1940 Aug 3 1374 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 24 1375 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 1376 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1377 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 1378 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 1379 2:00 - EET 1998 Mar 29 1:00u 1380 1:00 EU CE%sT 1999 Oct 31 1:00u |
1381 2:00 - EET 2003 Jan 1 1382 2:00 EU EE%sT |
1383 1384# Luxembourg 1385# Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways; go with Shanks. 1386# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1387Rule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S 1388Rule Lux 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 1389Rule Lux 1917 only - Apr 28 23:00 1:00 S 1390Rule Lux 1917 only - Sep 17 1:00 0 - --- 21 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1412 1:00 Lux CE%sT 1918 Nov 25 1413 0:00 Lux WE%sT 1929 Oct 6 2:00s 1414 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 14 3:00 1415 1:00 C-Eur WE%sT 1944 Sep 18 3:00 1416 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977 1417 1:00 EU CE%sT 1418 1419# Macedonia |
1420# see Serbia and Montenegro |
1421 1422# Malta 1423# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1424Rule Malta 1973 only - Mar 31 0:00s 1:00 S 1425Rule Malta 1973 only - Sep 29 0:00s 0 - 1426Rule Malta 1974 only - Apr 21 0:00s 1:00 S 1427Rule Malta 1974 only - Sep 16 0:00s 0 - 1428Rule Malta 1975 1979 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S --- 569 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1998# Chukotskij avtonomnyj okrug 1999Zone Asia/Anadyr 11:49:56 - LMT 1924 May 2 2000 12:00 - ANAT 1930 Jun 21 # Anadyr Time 2001 13:00 Russia ANA%sT 1982 Apr 1 0:00s 2002 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2003 11:00 Russia ANA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2004 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 2005 |
2006# Serbia and Montenegro 2007# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2008Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884 2009 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 2010 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s 2011 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s 2012# Metod Kozelj <metod.kozelj@rzs-hm.si> reports that the legal date of 2013# transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time. 2014# Shanks doesn't give as much detail, so go with Kozelj. 2015 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27 2016 1:00 EU CE%sT 2017Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana # Slovenia 2018Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Sarajevo # Bosnia and Herzegovina 2019Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Skopje # Macedonia 2020Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Zagreb # Croatia 2021 |
2022# Slovakia 2023Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava 2024 2025# Slovenia |
2026# see Serbia and Montenegro |
2027 2028# Spain 2029# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2030# For 1917-1919 Whitman gives Apr Sat>=1 - Oct Sat>=1; go with Shanks. 2031Rule Spain 1917 only - May 5 23:00s 1:00 S 2032Rule Spain 1917 1919 - Oct 6 23:00s 0 - 2033Rule Spain 1918 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 2034Rule Spain 1919 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S --- 191 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 2226 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1978 Oct 15 2227 3:00 Turkey TR%sT 1985 Apr 20 # Turkey Time 2228 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1986 2229 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 2230 2:00 EU EE%sT 2231Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents. 2232 2233# Ukraine |
2234# 2235# From Igor Karpov, who works for the Ukranian Ministry of Justice, 2236# via Garrett Wollman (2003-01-27): 2237# BTW, I've found the official document on this matter. It's goverment 2238# regulations number 509, May 13, 1996. In my poor translation it says: 2239# "Time in Ukraine is set to second timezone (Kiev time). Each last Sunday 2240# of March at 3am the time is changing to 4am and each last Sunday of 2241# October the time at 4am is changing to 3am" 2242 |
2243# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2244# Most of Ukraine since 1970 has been like Kiev. 2245Zone Europe/Kiev 2:02:04 - LMT 1880 2246 2:02:04 - KMT 1924 May 2 # Kiev Mean Time 2247 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 2248 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 20 2249 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Nov 6 2250 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 --- 42 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 2293 3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 Mar 31 3:00s 2294 3:00 1:00 MSD 1996 Oct 27 3:00s 2295# IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST. 2296# Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks. 2297 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1997 2298 3:00 - MSK 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u 2299 2:00 EU EE%sT 2300 |
2301############################################################################### 2302 2303# One source shows that Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, and Greece observe DST from 2304# the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in September in 1986. 2305# The source shows Romania changing a day later than everybody else. 2306# 2307# According to Bernard Sieloff's source, Poland is in the MET time zone but 2308# uses the WE DST rules. The Western USSR uses EET+1 and ME DST rules. --- 67 unchanged lines hidden --- |