1# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
2# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
3
| 1# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
2# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
3
|
4# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
| 4# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
|
5# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
| 5# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
|
6# tz@iana.org for general use in the future).
| 6# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
7# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
|
7
8# From Paul Eggert (2014-05-31):
9# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
10# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
11# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
12#
13# Gwillim Law writes that a good source
14# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
15# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
16# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
17# of the IATA's data after 1990.
18#
19# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
20# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
21#
22# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
23# entries through 1991, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
24#
25# Other sources occasionally used include:
26#
27# Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
28# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated),
29# which I found in the UCLA library.
30#
31# William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition
32# <http://cs.ucla.edu/~eggert/The-Waste-of-Daylight-19th.pdf>
33# [PDF] (1914-03)
34#
35# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
36# <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>. He writes:
37# "It is requested that corrections and additions to these tables
38# may be sent to Mr. John Milne, Royal Geographical Society,
39# Savile Row, London." Nowadays please email them to tz@iana.org.
40#
| 8
9# From Paul Eggert (2014-05-31):
10# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
11# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
12# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
13#
14# Gwillim Law writes that a good source
15# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
16# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
17# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
18# of the IATA's data after 1990.
19#
20# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
21# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
22#
23# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
24# entries through 1991, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
25#
26# Other sources occasionally used include:
27#
28# Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
29# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated),
30# which I found in the UCLA library.
31#
32# William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition
33# <http://cs.ucla.edu/~eggert/The-Waste-of-Daylight-19th.pdf>
34# [PDF] (1914-03)
35#
36# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
37# <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>. He writes:
38# "It is requested that corrections and additions to these tables
39# may be sent to Mr. John Milne, Royal Geographical Society,
40# Savile Row, London." Nowadays please email them to tz@iana.org.
41#
|
| 42# Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919.
43# This Russian-language source was consulted by Vladimir Karpinsky; see
44# http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-August/021320.html
45# The full Russian citation is:
46# ��������������, �������������� ��������������������. ���������� �������� �������������� �� �������������� ����������
47# ������������������ ���������������� ������������ ���������������� �������������������� ������ �������� ������������ �� 1-����
48# �������� 1919 ��. / ������. 2-�� ������������������������������������ ����������������. - ������������������:
49# �������������� ������. ������., 1919.
50# http://resolver.gpntb.ru/purl?docushare/dsweb/Get/Resource-2011/Byalokoz__E.L.__Novyy__schet__vremeni__v__techenie__sutok__izd__2(1).pdf
51#
|
41# Brazil's Divis��o Servi��o da Hora (DSHO),
42# History of Summer Time
43# <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HISTHV.htm>
44# (1998-09-21, in Portuguese)
45
46#
47# I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table;
48# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
49# Corrections are welcome!
50# std dst 2dst
51# LMT Local Mean Time
52# -4:00 AST ADT Atlantic
53# -3:00 WGT WGST Western Greenland*
54# -1:00 EGT EGST Eastern Greenland*
55# 0:00 GMT BST BDST Greenwich, British Summer
56# 0:00 GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer
57# 0:00 WET WEST WEMT Western Europe
58# 0:19:32.13 AMT NST Amsterdam, Netherlands Summer (1835-1937)*
59# 0:20 NET NEST Netherlands (1937-1940)*
| 52# Brazil's Divis��o Servi��o da Hora (DSHO),
53# History of Summer Time
54# <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HISTHV.htm>
55# (1998-09-21, in Portuguese)
56
57#
58# I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table;
59# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
60# Corrections are welcome!
61# std dst 2dst
62# LMT Local Mean Time
63# -4:00 AST ADT Atlantic
64# -3:00 WGT WGST Western Greenland*
65# -1:00 EGT EGST Eastern Greenland*
66# 0:00 GMT BST BDST Greenwich, British Summer
67# 0:00 GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer
68# 0:00 WET WEST WEMT Western Europe
69# 0:19:32.13 AMT NST Amsterdam, Netherlands Summer (1835-1937)*
70# 0:20 NET NEST Netherlands (1937-1940)*
|
| 71# 1:00 BST British Standard (1968-1971)
|
60# 1:00 CET CEST CEMT Central Europe
61# 1:00:14 SET Swedish (1879-1899)*
62# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe
| 72# 1:00 CET CEST CEMT Central Europe
73# 1:00:14 SET Swedish (1879-1899)*
74# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe
|
63# 3:00 FET Further-eastern Europe*
| 75# 3:00 FET Further-eastern Europe (2011-2014)*
|
64# 3:00 MSK MSD MSM* Moscow
65
66# From Peter Ilieve (1994-12-04),
67# The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy,
68# Luxembourg, the Netherlands.
69# Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom.
70# Plus, from 1 Jan 81: Greece.
71# Plus, from 1 Jan 86: Spain, Portugal.
72# Plus, from 1 Jan 95: Austria, Finland, Sweden. (Norway negotiated terms for
73# entry but in a referendum on 28 Nov 94 the people voted No by 52.2% to 47.8%
74# on a turnout of 88.6%. This was almost the same result as Norway's previous
75# referendum in 1972, they are the only country to have said No twice.
76# Referendums in the other three countries voted Yes.)
77# ...
78# Estonia ... uses EU dates but not at 01:00 GMT, they use midnight GMT.
79# I don't think they know yet what they will do from 1996 onwards.
80# ...
81# There shouldn't be any [current members who are not using EU rules].
82# A Directive has the force of law, member states are obliged to enact
83# national law to implement it. The only contentious issue was the
84# different end date for the UK and Ireland, and this was always allowed
85# in the Directive.
86
87
88###############################################################################
89
90# Britain (United Kingdom) and Ireland (Eire)
91
92# From Peter Ilieve (1994-07-06):
93#
94# On 17 Jan 1994 the Independent, a UK quality newspaper, had a piece about
95# historical vistas along the Thames in west London. There was a photo
96# and a sketch map showing some of the sightlines involved. One paragraph
97# of the text said:
98#
99# 'An old stone obelisk marking a forgotten terrestrial meridian stands
100# beside the river at Kew. In the 18th century, before time and longitude
101# was standardised by the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, scholars observed
102# this stone and the movement of stars from Kew Observatory nearby. They
103# made their calculations and set the time for the Horse Guards and Parliament,
104# but now the stone is obscured by scrubwood and can only be seen by walking
105# along the towpath within a few yards of it.'
106#
107# I have a one inch to one mile map of London and my estimate of the stone's
108# position is 51 degrees 28' 30" N, 0 degrees 18' 45" W. The longitude should
109# be within about +-2". The Ordnance Survey grid reference is TQ172761.
110#
111# [This yields GMTOFF = -0:01:15 for London LMT in the 18th century.]
112
113# From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18):
114#
115# Howse writes that Britain was the first country to use standard time.
116# The railways cared most about the inconsistencies of local mean time,
117# and it was they who forced a uniform time on the country.
118# The original idea was credited to Dr. William Hyde Wollaston (1766-1828)
119# and was popularized by Abraham Follett Osler (1808-1903).
120# The first railway to adopt London time was the Great Western Railway
121# in November 1840; other railways followed suit, and by 1847 most
122# (though not all) railways used London time. On 1847-09-22 the
123# Railway Clearing House, an industry standards body, recommended that GMT be
124# adopted at all stations as soon as the General Post Office permitted it.
125# The transition occurred on 12-01 for the L&NW, the Caledonian,
126# and presumably other railways; the January 1848 Bradshaw's lists many
127# railways as using GMT. By 1855 the vast majority of public
128# clocks in Britain were set to GMT (though some, like the great clock
129# on Tom Tower at Christ Church, Oxford, were fitted with two minute hands,
130# one for local time and one for GMT). The last major holdout was the legal
131# system, which stubbornly stuck to local time for many years, leading
132# to oddities like polls opening at 08:13 and closing at 16:13.
133# The legal system finally switched to GMT when the Statutes (Definition
134# of Time) Act took effect; it received the Royal Assent on 1880-08-02.
135#
136# In the tables below, we condense this complicated story into a single
137# transition date for London, namely 1847-12-01. We don't know as much
138# about Dublin, so we use 1880-08-02, the legal transition time.
139
140# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-19):
141# The ancients had no need for daylight saving, as they kept time
142# informally or via hours whose length depended on the time of year.
143# Daylight saving time in its modern sense was invented by the
144# New Zealand entomologist George Vernon Hudson (1867-1946),
145# whose day job as a postal clerk led him to value
146# after-hours daylight in which to pursue his research.
147# In 1895 he presented a paper to the Wellington Philosophical Society
148# that proposed a two-hour daylight-saving shift. See:
149# Hudson GV. On seasonal time-adjustment in countries south of lat. 30 deg.
150# Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute. 1895;28:734
151# http://rsnz.natlib.govt.nz/volume/rsnz_28/rsnz_28_00_006110.html
152# Although some interest was expressed in New Zealand, his proposal
153# did not find its way into law and eventually it was almost forgotten.
154#
155# In England, DST was independently reinvented by William Willett (1857-1915),
156# a London builder and member of the Royal Astronomical Society
157# who circulated a pamphlet "The Waste of Daylight" (1907)
158# that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April,
159# and retarding them by the same amount on four Sundays in September.
160# A bill was drafted in 1909 and introduced in Parliament several times,
161# but it met with ridicule and opposition, especially from farming interests.
162# Later editions of the pamphlet proposed one-hour summer time, and
163# it was eventually adopted as a wartime measure in 1916.
164# See: Summer Time Arrives Early, The Times (2000-05-18).
165# A monument to Willett was unveiled on 1927-05-21, in an open space in
166# a 45-acre wood near Chislehurst, Kent that was purchased by popular
167# subscription and open to the public. On the south face of the monolith,
168# designed by G. W. Miller, is the William Willett Memorial Sundial,
169# which is permanently set to Summer Time.
170
171# From Winston Churchill (1934-04-28):
172# It is one of the paradoxes of history that we should owe the boon of
173# summer time, which gives every year to the people of this country
174# between 160 and 170 hours more daylight leisure, to a war which
175# plunged Europe into darkness for four years, and shook the
176# foundations of civilization throughout the world.
| 76# 3:00 MSK MSD MSM* Moscow
77
78# From Peter Ilieve (1994-12-04),
79# The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy,
80# Luxembourg, the Netherlands.
81# Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom.
82# Plus, from 1 Jan 81: Greece.
83# Plus, from 1 Jan 86: Spain, Portugal.
84# Plus, from 1 Jan 95: Austria, Finland, Sweden. (Norway negotiated terms for
85# entry but in a referendum on 28 Nov 94 the people voted No by 52.2% to 47.8%
86# on a turnout of 88.6%. This was almost the same result as Norway's previous
87# referendum in 1972, they are the only country to have said No twice.
88# Referendums in the other three countries voted Yes.)
89# ...
90# Estonia ... uses EU dates but not at 01:00 GMT, they use midnight GMT.
91# I don't think they know yet what they will do from 1996 onwards.
92# ...
93# There shouldn't be any [current members who are not using EU rules].
94# A Directive has the force of law, member states are obliged to enact
95# national law to implement it. The only contentious issue was the
96# different end date for the UK and Ireland, and this was always allowed
97# in the Directive.
98
99
100###############################################################################
101
102# Britain (United Kingdom) and Ireland (Eire)
103
104# From Peter Ilieve (1994-07-06):
105#
106# On 17 Jan 1994 the Independent, a UK quality newspaper, had a piece about
107# historical vistas along the Thames in west London. There was a photo
108# and a sketch map showing some of the sightlines involved. One paragraph
109# of the text said:
110#
111# 'An old stone obelisk marking a forgotten terrestrial meridian stands
112# beside the river at Kew. In the 18th century, before time and longitude
113# was standardised by the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, scholars observed
114# this stone and the movement of stars from Kew Observatory nearby. They
115# made their calculations and set the time for the Horse Guards and Parliament,
116# but now the stone is obscured by scrubwood and can only be seen by walking
117# along the towpath within a few yards of it.'
118#
119# I have a one inch to one mile map of London and my estimate of the stone's
120# position is 51 degrees 28' 30" N, 0 degrees 18' 45" W. The longitude should
121# be within about +-2". The Ordnance Survey grid reference is TQ172761.
122#
123# [This yields GMTOFF = -0:01:15 for London LMT in the 18th century.]
124
125# From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18):
126#
127# Howse writes that Britain was the first country to use standard time.
128# The railways cared most about the inconsistencies of local mean time,
129# and it was they who forced a uniform time on the country.
130# The original idea was credited to Dr. William Hyde Wollaston (1766-1828)
131# and was popularized by Abraham Follett Osler (1808-1903).
132# The first railway to adopt London time was the Great Western Railway
133# in November 1840; other railways followed suit, and by 1847 most
134# (though not all) railways used London time. On 1847-09-22 the
135# Railway Clearing House, an industry standards body, recommended that GMT be
136# adopted at all stations as soon as the General Post Office permitted it.
137# The transition occurred on 12-01 for the L&NW, the Caledonian,
138# and presumably other railways; the January 1848 Bradshaw's lists many
139# railways as using GMT. By 1855 the vast majority of public
140# clocks in Britain were set to GMT (though some, like the great clock
141# on Tom Tower at Christ Church, Oxford, were fitted with two minute hands,
142# one for local time and one for GMT). The last major holdout was the legal
143# system, which stubbornly stuck to local time for many years, leading
144# to oddities like polls opening at 08:13 and closing at 16:13.
145# The legal system finally switched to GMT when the Statutes (Definition
146# of Time) Act took effect; it received the Royal Assent on 1880-08-02.
147#
148# In the tables below, we condense this complicated story into a single
149# transition date for London, namely 1847-12-01. We don't know as much
150# about Dublin, so we use 1880-08-02, the legal transition time.
151
152# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-19):
153# The ancients had no need for daylight saving, as they kept time
154# informally or via hours whose length depended on the time of year.
155# Daylight saving time in its modern sense was invented by the
156# New Zealand entomologist George Vernon Hudson (1867-1946),
157# whose day job as a postal clerk led him to value
158# after-hours daylight in which to pursue his research.
159# In 1895 he presented a paper to the Wellington Philosophical Society
160# that proposed a two-hour daylight-saving shift. See:
161# Hudson GV. On seasonal time-adjustment in countries south of lat. 30 deg.
162# Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute. 1895;28:734
163# http://rsnz.natlib.govt.nz/volume/rsnz_28/rsnz_28_00_006110.html
164# Although some interest was expressed in New Zealand, his proposal
165# did not find its way into law and eventually it was almost forgotten.
166#
167# In England, DST was independently reinvented by William Willett (1857-1915),
168# a London builder and member of the Royal Astronomical Society
169# who circulated a pamphlet "The Waste of Daylight" (1907)
170# that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April,
171# and retarding them by the same amount on four Sundays in September.
172# A bill was drafted in 1909 and introduced in Parliament several times,
173# but it met with ridicule and opposition, especially from farming interests.
174# Later editions of the pamphlet proposed one-hour summer time, and
175# it was eventually adopted as a wartime measure in 1916.
176# See: Summer Time Arrives Early, The Times (2000-05-18).
177# A monument to Willett was unveiled on 1927-05-21, in an open space in
178# a 45-acre wood near Chislehurst, Kent that was purchased by popular
179# subscription and open to the public. On the south face of the monolith,
180# designed by G. W. Miller, is the William Willett Memorial Sundial,
181# which is permanently set to Summer Time.
182
183# From Winston Churchill (1934-04-28):
184# It is one of the paradoxes of history that we should owe the boon of
185# summer time, which gives every year to the people of this country
186# between 160 and 170 hours more daylight leisure, to a war which
187# plunged Europe into darkness for four years, and shook the
188# foundations of civilization throughout the world.
|
177# <http://www.winstonchurchill.org/images/finesthour/Vol.01%20No.114.pdf>
178# "A Silent Toast to William Willett", Pictorial Weekly
| 189# -- "A Silent Toast to William Willett", Pictorial Weekly;
190# republished in Finest Hour (Spring 2002) 1(114):26
191# http://www.winstonchurchill.org/images/finesthour/Vol.01%20No.114.pdf
|
179
180# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
181# The OED Supplement says that the English originally said "Daylight Saving"
182# when they were debating the adoption of DST in 1908; but by 1916 this
183# term appears only in quotes taken from DST's opponents, whereas the
184# proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using "Summer".
185
186# From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-19):
187# A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's
188# known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom.
189
190# Date: 4 Jan 89 08:57:25 GMT (Wed)
191# From: Jonathan Leffler
192# [British Summer Time] is fixed annually by Act of Parliament.
193# If you can predict what Parliament will do, you should be in
194# politics making a fortune, not computing.
195
196# From Chris Carrier (1996-06-14):
197# I remember reading in various wartime issues of the London Times the
198# acronym BDST for British Double Summer Time. Look for the published
199# time of sunrise and sunset in The Times, when BDST was in effect, and
200# if you find a zone reference it will say, "All times B.D.S.T."
201
202# From Joseph S. Myers (1999-09-02):
203# ... some military cables (WO 219/4100 - this is a copy from the
204# main SHAEF archives held in the US National Archives, SHAEF/5252/8/516)
205# agree that the usage is BDST (this appears in a message dated 17 Feb 1945).
206
207# From Joseph S. Myers (2000-10-03):
208# On 18th April 1941, Sir Stephen Tallents of the BBC wrote to Sir
209# Alexander Maxwell of the Home Office asking whether there was any
210# official designation; the reply of the 21st was that there wasn't
211# but he couldn't think of anything better than the "Double British
212# Summer Time" that the BBC had been using informally.
| 192
193# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
194# The OED Supplement says that the English originally said "Daylight Saving"
195# when they were debating the adoption of DST in 1908; but by 1916 this
196# term appears only in quotes taken from DST's opponents, whereas the
197# proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using "Summer".
198
199# From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-19):
200# A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's
201# known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom.
202
203# Date: 4 Jan 89 08:57:25 GMT (Wed)
204# From: Jonathan Leffler
205# [British Summer Time] is fixed annually by Act of Parliament.
206# If you can predict what Parliament will do, you should be in
207# politics making a fortune, not computing.
208
209# From Chris Carrier (1996-06-14):
210# I remember reading in various wartime issues of the London Times the
211# acronym BDST for British Double Summer Time. Look for the published
212# time of sunrise and sunset in The Times, when BDST was in effect, and
213# if you find a zone reference it will say, "All times B.D.S.T."
214
215# From Joseph S. Myers (1999-09-02):
216# ... some military cables (WO 219/4100 - this is a copy from the
217# main SHAEF archives held in the US National Archives, SHAEF/5252/8/516)
218# agree that the usage is BDST (this appears in a message dated 17 Feb 1945).
219
220# From Joseph S. Myers (2000-10-03):
221# On 18th April 1941, Sir Stephen Tallents of the BBC wrote to Sir
222# Alexander Maxwell of the Home Office asking whether there was any
223# official designation; the reply of the 21st was that there wasn't
224# but he couldn't think of anything better than the "Double British
225# Summer Time" that the BBC had been using informally.
|
213# http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/bbc-19410418.png
214# http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/ho-19410421.png
| 226# http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/bbc-19410418.png
227# http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/ho-19410421.png
|
215
216# From Sir Alexander Maxwell in the above-mentioned letter (1941-04-21):
217# [N]o official designation has as far as I know been adopted for the time
218# which is to be introduced in May....
219# I cannot think of anything better than "Double British Summer Time"
220# which could not be said to run counter to any official description.
221
222# From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
223# Howse writes (p 157) 'DBST' too, but 'BDST' seems to have been common
224# and follows the more usual convention of putting the location name first,
225# so we use 'BDST'.
226
227# Peter Ilieve (1998-04-19) described at length
228# the history of summer time legislation in the United Kingdom.
229# Since 1998 Joseph S. Myers has been updating
230# and extending this list, which can be found in
| 228
229# From Sir Alexander Maxwell in the above-mentioned letter (1941-04-21):
230# [N]o official designation has as far as I know been adopted for the time
231# which is to be introduced in May....
232# I cannot think of anything better than "Double British Summer Time"
233# which could not be said to run counter to any official description.
234
235# From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
236# Howse writes (p 157) 'DBST' too, but 'BDST' seems to have been common
237# and follows the more usual convention of putting the location name first,
238# so we use 'BDST'.
239
240# Peter Ilieve (1998-04-19) described at length
241# the history of summer time legislation in the United Kingdom.
242# Since 1998 Joseph S. Myers has been updating
243# and extending this list, which can be found in
|
231# http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/
232# History of legal time in Britain
| |
233# http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/
234
235# From Joseph S. Myers (1998-01-06):
236#
237# The legal time in the UK outside of summer time is definitely GMT, not UTC;
238# see Lord Tanlaw's speech
| 244# http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/
245
246# From Joseph S. Myers (1998-01-06):
247#
248# The legal time in the UK outside of summer time is definitely GMT, not UTC;
249# see Lord Tanlaw's speech
|
239# <http://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/ld199697/ldhansrd/pdvn/lds97/text/70611-20.htm#70611-20_head0>
| 250# http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld199798/ldhansrd/vo970611/text/70611-10.htm#70611-10_head0
|
240# (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976).
241
242# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
243#
244# For lack of other data, follow Shanks & Pottenger for Eire in 1940-1948.
245#
246# Given Ilieve and Myers's data, the following claims by Shanks & Pottenger
247# are incorrect:
248# * Wales did not switch from GMT to daylight saving time until
249# 1921 Apr 3, when they began to conform with the rest of Great Britain.
250# Actually, Wales was identical after 1880.
251# * Eire had two transitions on 1916 Oct 1.
252# It actually just had one transition.
253# * Northern Ireland used single daylight saving time throughout WW II.
254# Actually, it conformed to Britain.
255# * GB-Eire changed standard time to 1 hour ahead of GMT on 1968-02-18.
256# Actually, that date saw the usual switch to summer time.
257# Standard time was not changed until 1968-10-27 (the clocks didn't change).
258#
259# Here is another incorrect claim by Shanks & Pottenger:
260# * Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man did not switch from GMT
261# to daylight saving time until 1921 Apr 3, when they began to
262# conform with Great Britain.
263# S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382 and HO 45/10811/312364 (quoted above) say otherwise.
264#
265# The following claim by Shanks & Pottenger is possible though doubtful;
266# we'll ignore it for now.
267# * Dublin's 1971-10-31 switch was at 02:00, even though London's was 03:00.
268#
269#
270# Whitman says Dublin Mean Time was -0:25:21, which is more precise than
271# Shanks & Pottenger.
272# Perhaps this was Dunsink Observatory Time, as Dunsink Observatory
273# (8 km NW of Dublin's center) seemingly was to Dublin as Greenwich was
274# to London. For example:
275#
276# "Timeball on the ballast office is down. Dunsink time."
277# -- James Joyce, Ulysses
278
279# From Joseph S. Myers (2005-01-26):
280# Irish laws are available online at <http://www.irishstatutebook.ie>.
281# These include various relating to legal time, for example:
282#
283# ZZA13Y1923.html ZZA12Y1924.html ZZA8Y1925.html ZZSIV20PG1267.html
284#
285# ZZSI71Y1947.html ZZSI128Y1948.html ZZSI23Y1949.html ZZSI41Y1950.html
286# ZZSI27Y1951.html ZZSI73Y1952.html
287#
288# ZZSI11Y1961.html ZZSI232Y1961.html ZZSI182Y1962.html
289# ZZSI167Y1963.html ZZSI257Y1964.html ZZSI198Y1967.html
290# ZZA23Y1968.html ZZA17Y1971.html
291#
292# ZZSI67Y1981.html ZZSI212Y1982.html ZZSI45Y1986.html
293# ZZSI264Y1988.html ZZSI52Y1990.html ZZSI371Y1992.html
294# ZZSI395Y1994.html ZZSI484Y1997.html ZZSI506Y2001.html
295#
296# [These are all relative to the root, e.g., the first is
297# <http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/ZZA13Y1923.html>.]
298#
299# (These are those I found, but there could be more. In any case these
300# should allow various updates to the comments in the europe file to cover
301# the laws applicable in Ireland.)
302#
303# (Note that the time in the Republic of Ireland since 1968 has been defined
304# in terms of standard time being GMT+1 with a period of winter time when it
305# is GMT, rather than standard time being GMT with a period of summer time
306# being GMT+1.)
307
308# From Paul Eggert (1999-03-28):
309# Clive Feather (<news:859845706.26043.0@office.demon.net>, 1997-03-31)
310# reports that Folkestone (Cheriton) Shuttle Terminal uses Concession Time
311# (CT), equivalent to French civil time.
312# Julian Hill (<news:36118128.5A14@virgin.net>, 1998-09-30) reports that
313# trains between Dollands Moor (the freight facility next door)
314# and Frethun run in CT.
315# My admittedly uninformed guess is that the terminal has two authorities,
316# the French concession operators and the British civil authorities,
317# and that the time depends on who you're talking to.
318# If, say, the British police were called to the station for some reason,
319# I would expect the official police report to use GMT/BST and not CET/CEST.
320# This is a borderline case, but for now let's stick to GMT/BST.
321
322# From an anonymous contributor (1996-06-02):
323# The law governing time in Ireland is under Statutory Instrument SI 395/94,
324# which gives force to European Union 7th Council Directive # 94/21/EC.
325# Under this directive, the Minister for Justice in Ireland makes appropriate
326# regulations. I spoke this morning with the Secretary of the Department of
327# Justice (tel +353 1 678 9711) who confirmed to me that the correct name is
328# "Irish Summer Time", abbreviated to "IST".
329
330# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
331# Summer Time Act, 1916
332Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - May 21 2:00s 1:00 BST
333Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 GMT
334# S.R.&O. 1917, No. 358
335Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 BST
336Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 GMT
337# S.R.&O. 1918, No. 274
338Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Mar 24 2:00s 1:00 BST
339Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Sep 30 2:00s 0 GMT
340# S.R.&O. 1919, No. 297
341Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 BST
342Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Sep 29 2:00s 0 GMT
343# S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458
344Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Mar 28 2:00s 1:00 BST
345# S.R.&O. 1920, No. 1844
346Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Oct 25 2:00s 0 GMT
347# S.R.&O. 1921, No. 363
348Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST
349Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 GMT
350# S.R.&O. 1922, No. 264
351Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 BST
352Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Oct 8 2:00s 0 GMT
353# The Summer Time Act, 1922
354Rule GB-Eire 1923 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
355Rule GB-Eire 1923 1924 - Sep Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT
356Rule GB-Eire 1924 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
357Rule GB-Eire 1925 1926 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
358# The Summer Time Act, 1925
359Rule GB-Eire 1925 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT
360Rule GB-Eire 1927 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
361Rule GB-Eire 1928 1929 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
362Rule GB-Eire 1930 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
363Rule GB-Eire 1931 1932 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
364Rule GB-Eire 1933 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
365Rule GB-Eire 1934 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
366Rule GB-Eire 1935 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
367Rule GB-Eire 1936 1937 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
368Rule GB-Eire 1938 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
369Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
370# S.R.&O. 1939, No. 1379
371Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Nov Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT
372# S.R.&O. 1940, No. 172 and No. 1883
373Rule GB-Eire 1940 only - Feb Sun>=23 2:00s 1:00 BST
374# S.R.&O. 1941, No. 476
375Rule GB-Eire 1941 only - May Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST
376Rule GB-Eire 1941 1943 - Aug Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST
377# S.R.&O. 1942, No. 506
378Rule GB-Eire 1942 1944 - Apr Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST
379# S.R.&O. 1944, No. 932
380Rule GB-Eire 1944 only - Sep Sun>=16 1:00s 1:00 BST
381# S.R.&O. 1945, No. 312
382Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Apr Mon>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST
383Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Jul Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST
384# S.R.&O. 1945, No. 1208
385Rule GB-Eire 1945 1946 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT
386Rule GB-Eire 1946 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
387# The Summer Time Act, 1947
388Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Mar 16 2:00s 1:00 BST
389Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Apr 13 1:00s 2:00 BDST
390Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Aug 10 1:00s 1:00 BST
391Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 GMT
392# Summer Time Order, 1948 (S.I. 1948/495)
393Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Mar 14 2:00s 1:00 BST
394Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Oct 31 2:00s 0 GMT
395# Summer Time Order, 1949 (S.I. 1949/373)
396Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST
397Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Oct 30 2:00s 0 GMT
398# Summer Time Order, 1950 (S.I. 1950/518)
399# Summer Time Order, 1951 (S.I. 1951/430)
400# Summer Time Order, 1952 (S.I. 1952/451)
401Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Apr Sun>=14 2:00s 1:00 BST
402Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00s 0 GMT
403# revert to the rules of the Summer Time Act, 1925
404Rule GB-Eire 1953 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
405Rule GB-Eire 1953 1960 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT
406Rule GB-Eire 1954 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
407Rule GB-Eire 1955 1956 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
408Rule GB-Eire 1957 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
409Rule GB-Eire 1958 1959 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
410Rule GB-Eire 1960 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
411# Summer Time Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/71)
412# Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/2465)
413# Summer Time Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/81)
414Rule GB-Eire 1961 1963 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 BST
415Rule GB-Eire 1961 1968 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT
416# Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/2101)
417# Summer Time Order, 1964 (S.I. 1964/1201)
418# Summer Time Order, 1967 (S.I. 1967/1148)
419Rule GB-Eire 1964 1967 - Mar Sun>=19 2:00s 1:00 BST
420# Summer Time Order, 1968 (S.I. 1968/117)
421Rule GB-Eire 1968 only - Feb 18 2:00s 1:00 BST
422# The British Standard Time Act, 1968
423# (no summer time)
424# The Summer Time Act, 1972
425Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
426Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT
427# Summer Time Order, 1980 (S.I. 1980/1089)
428# Summer Time Order, 1982 (S.I. 1982/1673)
429# Summer Time Order, 1986 (S.I. 1986/223)
430# Summer Time Order, 1988 (S.I. 1988/931)
431Rule GB-Eire 1981 1995 - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 BST
432Rule GB-Eire 1981 1989 - Oct Sun>=23 1:00u 0 GMT
433# Summer Time Order, 1989 (S.I. 1989/985)
434# Summer Time Order, 1992 (S.I. 1992/1729)
435# Summer Time Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2798)
436Rule GB-Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u 0 GMT
437# Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982)
438# See EU for rules starting in 1996.
439#
440# Use Europe/London for Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man.
441
442# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
| 251# (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976).
252
253# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
254#
255# For lack of other data, follow Shanks & Pottenger for Eire in 1940-1948.
256#
257# Given Ilieve and Myers's data, the following claims by Shanks & Pottenger
258# are incorrect:
259# * Wales did not switch from GMT to daylight saving time until
260# 1921 Apr 3, when they began to conform with the rest of Great Britain.
261# Actually, Wales was identical after 1880.
262# * Eire had two transitions on 1916 Oct 1.
263# It actually just had one transition.
264# * Northern Ireland used single daylight saving time throughout WW II.
265# Actually, it conformed to Britain.
266# * GB-Eire changed standard time to 1 hour ahead of GMT on 1968-02-18.
267# Actually, that date saw the usual switch to summer time.
268# Standard time was not changed until 1968-10-27 (the clocks didn't change).
269#
270# Here is another incorrect claim by Shanks & Pottenger:
271# * Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man did not switch from GMT
272# to daylight saving time until 1921 Apr 3, when they began to
273# conform with Great Britain.
274# S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382 and HO 45/10811/312364 (quoted above) say otherwise.
275#
276# The following claim by Shanks & Pottenger is possible though doubtful;
277# we'll ignore it for now.
278# * Dublin's 1971-10-31 switch was at 02:00, even though London's was 03:00.
279#
280#
281# Whitman says Dublin Mean Time was -0:25:21, which is more precise than
282# Shanks & Pottenger.
283# Perhaps this was Dunsink Observatory Time, as Dunsink Observatory
284# (8 km NW of Dublin's center) seemingly was to Dublin as Greenwich was
285# to London. For example:
286#
287# "Timeball on the ballast office is down. Dunsink time."
288# -- James Joyce, Ulysses
289
290# From Joseph S. Myers (2005-01-26):
291# Irish laws are available online at <http://www.irishstatutebook.ie>.
292# These include various relating to legal time, for example:
293#
294# ZZA13Y1923.html ZZA12Y1924.html ZZA8Y1925.html ZZSIV20PG1267.html
295#
296# ZZSI71Y1947.html ZZSI128Y1948.html ZZSI23Y1949.html ZZSI41Y1950.html
297# ZZSI27Y1951.html ZZSI73Y1952.html
298#
299# ZZSI11Y1961.html ZZSI232Y1961.html ZZSI182Y1962.html
300# ZZSI167Y1963.html ZZSI257Y1964.html ZZSI198Y1967.html
301# ZZA23Y1968.html ZZA17Y1971.html
302#
303# ZZSI67Y1981.html ZZSI212Y1982.html ZZSI45Y1986.html
304# ZZSI264Y1988.html ZZSI52Y1990.html ZZSI371Y1992.html
305# ZZSI395Y1994.html ZZSI484Y1997.html ZZSI506Y2001.html
306#
307# [These are all relative to the root, e.g., the first is
308# <http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/ZZA13Y1923.html>.]
309#
310# (These are those I found, but there could be more. In any case these
311# should allow various updates to the comments in the europe file to cover
312# the laws applicable in Ireland.)
313#
314# (Note that the time in the Republic of Ireland since 1968 has been defined
315# in terms of standard time being GMT+1 with a period of winter time when it
316# is GMT, rather than standard time being GMT with a period of summer time
317# being GMT+1.)
318
319# From Paul Eggert (1999-03-28):
320# Clive Feather (<news:859845706.26043.0@office.demon.net>, 1997-03-31)
321# reports that Folkestone (Cheriton) Shuttle Terminal uses Concession Time
322# (CT), equivalent to French civil time.
323# Julian Hill (<news:36118128.5A14@virgin.net>, 1998-09-30) reports that
324# trains between Dollands Moor (the freight facility next door)
325# and Frethun run in CT.
326# My admittedly uninformed guess is that the terminal has two authorities,
327# the French concession operators and the British civil authorities,
328# and that the time depends on who you're talking to.
329# If, say, the British police were called to the station for some reason,
330# I would expect the official police report to use GMT/BST and not CET/CEST.
331# This is a borderline case, but for now let's stick to GMT/BST.
332
333# From an anonymous contributor (1996-06-02):
334# The law governing time in Ireland is under Statutory Instrument SI 395/94,
335# which gives force to European Union 7th Council Directive # 94/21/EC.
336# Under this directive, the Minister for Justice in Ireland makes appropriate
337# regulations. I spoke this morning with the Secretary of the Department of
338# Justice (tel +353 1 678 9711) who confirmed to me that the correct name is
339# "Irish Summer Time", abbreviated to "IST".
340
341# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
342# Summer Time Act, 1916
343Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - May 21 2:00s 1:00 BST
344Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 GMT
345# S.R.&O. 1917, No. 358
346Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 BST
347Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 GMT
348# S.R.&O. 1918, No. 274
349Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Mar 24 2:00s 1:00 BST
350Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Sep 30 2:00s 0 GMT
351# S.R.&O. 1919, No. 297
352Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 BST
353Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Sep 29 2:00s 0 GMT
354# S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458
355Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Mar 28 2:00s 1:00 BST
356# S.R.&O. 1920, No. 1844
357Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Oct 25 2:00s 0 GMT
358# S.R.&O. 1921, No. 363
359Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST
360Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 GMT
361# S.R.&O. 1922, No. 264
362Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 BST
363Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Oct 8 2:00s 0 GMT
364# The Summer Time Act, 1922
365Rule GB-Eire 1923 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
366Rule GB-Eire 1923 1924 - Sep Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT
367Rule GB-Eire 1924 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
368Rule GB-Eire 1925 1926 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
369# The Summer Time Act, 1925
370Rule GB-Eire 1925 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT
371Rule GB-Eire 1927 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
372Rule GB-Eire 1928 1929 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
373Rule GB-Eire 1930 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
374Rule GB-Eire 1931 1932 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
375Rule GB-Eire 1933 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
376Rule GB-Eire 1934 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
377Rule GB-Eire 1935 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
378Rule GB-Eire 1936 1937 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
379Rule GB-Eire 1938 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
380Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
381# S.R.&O. 1939, No. 1379
382Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Nov Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT
383# S.R.&O. 1940, No. 172 and No. 1883
384Rule GB-Eire 1940 only - Feb Sun>=23 2:00s 1:00 BST
385# S.R.&O. 1941, No. 476
386Rule GB-Eire 1941 only - May Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST
387Rule GB-Eire 1941 1943 - Aug Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST
388# S.R.&O. 1942, No. 506
389Rule GB-Eire 1942 1944 - Apr Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST
390# S.R.&O. 1944, No. 932
391Rule GB-Eire 1944 only - Sep Sun>=16 1:00s 1:00 BST
392# S.R.&O. 1945, No. 312
393Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Apr Mon>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST
394Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Jul Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST
395# S.R.&O. 1945, No. 1208
396Rule GB-Eire 1945 1946 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT
397Rule GB-Eire 1946 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
398# The Summer Time Act, 1947
399Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Mar 16 2:00s 1:00 BST
400Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Apr 13 1:00s 2:00 BDST
401Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Aug 10 1:00s 1:00 BST
402Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 GMT
403# Summer Time Order, 1948 (S.I. 1948/495)
404Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Mar 14 2:00s 1:00 BST
405Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Oct 31 2:00s 0 GMT
406# Summer Time Order, 1949 (S.I. 1949/373)
407Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST
408Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Oct 30 2:00s 0 GMT
409# Summer Time Order, 1950 (S.I. 1950/518)
410# Summer Time Order, 1951 (S.I. 1951/430)
411# Summer Time Order, 1952 (S.I. 1952/451)
412Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Apr Sun>=14 2:00s 1:00 BST
413Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00s 0 GMT
414# revert to the rules of the Summer Time Act, 1925
415Rule GB-Eire 1953 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
416Rule GB-Eire 1953 1960 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT
417Rule GB-Eire 1954 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
418Rule GB-Eire 1955 1956 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
419Rule GB-Eire 1957 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
420Rule GB-Eire 1958 1959 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
421Rule GB-Eire 1960 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
422# Summer Time Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/71)
423# Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/2465)
424# Summer Time Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/81)
425Rule GB-Eire 1961 1963 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 BST
426Rule GB-Eire 1961 1968 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT
427# Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/2101)
428# Summer Time Order, 1964 (S.I. 1964/1201)
429# Summer Time Order, 1967 (S.I. 1967/1148)
430Rule GB-Eire 1964 1967 - Mar Sun>=19 2:00s 1:00 BST
431# Summer Time Order, 1968 (S.I. 1968/117)
432Rule GB-Eire 1968 only - Feb 18 2:00s 1:00 BST
433# The British Standard Time Act, 1968
434# (no summer time)
435# The Summer Time Act, 1972
436Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
437Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT
438# Summer Time Order, 1980 (S.I. 1980/1089)
439# Summer Time Order, 1982 (S.I. 1982/1673)
440# Summer Time Order, 1986 (S.I. 1986/223)
441# Summer Time Order, 1988 (S.I. 1988/931)
442Rule GB-Eire 1981 1995 - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 BST
443Rule GB-Eire 1981 1989 - Oct Sun>=23 1:00u 0 GMT
444# Summer Time Order, 1989 (S.I. 1989/985)
445# Summer Time Order, 1992 (S.I. 1992/1729)
446# Summer Time Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2798)
447Rule GB-Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u 0 GMT
448# Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982)
449# See EU for rules starting in 1996.
450#
451# Use Europe/London for Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man.
452
453# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
443Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Dec 1 0:00s
| 454Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Dec 1 0:00s
|
444 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27
| 455 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27
|
445 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
| 456 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
|
446 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996
447 0:00 EU GMT/BST
448Link Europe/London Europe/Jersey
449Link Europe/London Europe/Guernsey
450Link Europe/London Europe/Isle_of_Man
| 457 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996
458 0:00 EU GMT/BST
459Link Europe/London Europe/Jersey
460Link Europe/London Europe/Guernsey
461Link Europe/London Europe/Isle_of_Man
|
| 462
463# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
451Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:00 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
| 464Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:00 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
|
452 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00
453 -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s
| 465 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00
466 -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s
|
454 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1921 Dec 6 # independence
| 467 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1921 Dec 6 # independence
|
455 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1940 Feb 25 2:00
456 0:00 1:00 IST 1946 Oct 6 2:00
457 0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00
458 0:00 1:00 IST 1947 Nov 2 2:00
459 0:00 - GMT 1948 Apr 18 2:00
| 468 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1940 Feb 25 2:00
469 0:00 1:00 IST 1946 Oct 6 2:00
470 0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00
471 0:00 1:00 IST 1947 Nov 2 2:00
472 0:00 - GMT 1948 Apr 18 2:00
|
460 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1968 Oct 27
| 473 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1968 Oct 27
|
461 1:00 - IST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
| 474 1:00 - IST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
|
462 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1996
463 0:00 EU GMT/IST
464
465###############################################################################
466
467# Europe
468
469# EU rules are for the European Union, previously known as the EC, EEC,
470# Common Market, etc.
471
472# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
473Rule EU 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00u 1:00 S
474Rule EU 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
475Rule EU 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00u 0 -
476Rule EU 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
477Rule EU 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
478Rule EU 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 -
479# The most recent directive covers the years starting in 2002. See:
480# Directive 2000/84/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council
481# of 19 January 2001 on summer-time arrangements.
| 475 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1996
476 0:00 EU GMT/IST
477
478###############################################################################
479
480# Europe
481
482# EU rules are for the European Union, previously known as the EC, EEC,
483# Common Market, etc.
484
485# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
486Rule EU 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00u 1:00 S
487Rule EU 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
488Rule EU 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00u 0 -
489Rule EU 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
490Rule EU 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
491Rule EU 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 -
492# The most recent directive covers the years starting in 2002. See:
493# Directive 2000/84/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council
494# of 19 January 2001 on summer-time arrangements.
|
482# <http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32000L0084:EN:NOT>
| 495# http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32000L0084:EN:NOT
|
483
484# W-Eur differs from EU only in that W-Eur uses standard time.
485Rule W-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S
486Rule W-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
487Rule W-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00s 0 -
488Rule W-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
489Rule W-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
490Rule W-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 -
491
492# Older C-Eur rules are for convenience in the tables.
493# From 1977 on, C-Eur differs from EU only in that C-Eur uses standard time.
494Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S
495Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
496Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S
497Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 -
498Rule C-Eur 1940 only - Apr 1 2:00s 1:00 S
499Rule C-Eur 1942 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 -
500Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00s 1:00 S
501Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00s 0 -
502Rule C-Eur 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
503# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
504Rule C-Eur 1944 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 -
505# From Jesper N��rgaard Welen (2008-07-13):
506#
507# I found what is probably a typo of 2:00 which should perhaps be 2:00s
508# in the C-Eur rule from tz database version 2008d (this part was
509# corrected in version 2008d). The circumstantial evidence is simply the
510# tz database itself, as seen below:
511#
512# Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01
513# 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
514#
515# Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15
| 496
497# W-Eur differs from EU only in that W-Eur uses standard time.
498Rule W-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S
499Rule W-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
500Rule W-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00s 0 -
501Rule W-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
502Rule W-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
503Rule W-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 -
504
505# Older C-Eur rules are for convenience in the tables.
506# From 1977 on, C-Eur differs from EU only in that C-Eur uses standard time.
507Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S
508Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
509Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S
510Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 -
511Rule C-Eur 1940 only - Apr 1 2:00s 1:00 S
512Rule C-Eur 1942 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 -
513Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00s 1:00 S
514Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00s 0 -
515Rule C-Eur 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
516# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
517Rule C-Eur 1944 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 -
518# From Jesper N��rgaard Welen (2008-07-13):
519#
520# I found what is probably a typo of 2:00 which should perhaps be 2:00s
521# in the C-Eur rule from tz database version 2008d (this part was
522# corrected in version 2008d). The circumstantial evidence is simply the
523# tz database itself, as seen below:
524#
525# Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01
526# 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
527#
528# Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15
|
516# 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
| 529# 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
|
517#
518# Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884
519# 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
520#
521# Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 -
522# Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
523# Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
524#
525# The rule line to be changed is:
526#
527# Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 -
528#
529# It seems that Paris, Monaco, Rule France, Rule Belgium all agree on
530# 2:00 standard time, e.g. 3:00 local time. However there are no
531# countries that use C-Eur rules in September 1945, so the only items
532# affected are apparently these fictitious zones that translate acronyms
533# CET and MET:
534#
535# Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT
536# Zone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT
537#
538# It this is right then the corrected version would look like:
539#
540# Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
541#
542# A small step for mankind though 8-)
543Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
544Rule C-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
545Rule C-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
546Rule C-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 -
547Rule C-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
548Rule C-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
549Rule C-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
550
551# E-Eur differs from EU only in that E-Eur switches at midnight local time.
552Rule E-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
553Rule E-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
554Rule E-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
555Rule E-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
556Rule E-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
557Rule E-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
558
559# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
| 530#
531# Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884
532# 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
533#
534# Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 -
535# Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
536# Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
537#
538# The rule line to be changed is:
539#
540# Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 -
541#
542# It seems that Paris, Monaco, Rule France, Rule Belgium all agree on
543# 2:00 standard time, e.g. 3:00 local time. However there are no
544# countries that use C-Eur rules in September 1945, so the only items
545# affected are apparently these fictitious zones that translate acronyms
546# CET and MET:
547#
548# Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT
549# Zone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT
550#
551# It this is right then the corrected version would look like:
552#
553# Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
554#
555# A small step for mankind though 8-)
556Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
557Rule C-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
558Rule C-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
559Rule C-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 -
560Rule C-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
561Rule C-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
562Rule C-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
563
564# E-Eur differs from EU only in that E-Eur switches at midnight local time.
565Rule E-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
566Rule E-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
567Rule E-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
568Rule E-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
569Rule E-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
570Rule E-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
571
572# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
560Rule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 MST # Moscow Summer Time
561Rule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 MMT # Moscow Mean Time
562Rule Russia 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 MDST # Moscow Double Summer Time
| 573Rule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 MST # Moscow Summer Time
574Rule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 MMT # Moscow Mean Time
575Rule Russia 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 MDST # Moscow Double Summer Time
|
563Rule Russia 1918 only - Sep 16 1:00 1:00 MST
564Rule Russia 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 MDST
565Rule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 MSD
566Rule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 MSK
567Rule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 MSD
| 576Rule Russia 1918 only - Sep 16 1:00 1:00 MST
577Rule Russia 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 MDST
578Rule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 MSD
579Rule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 MSK
580Rule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 MSD
|
568Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 MSM # Midsummer
| 581Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 MSM # Midsummer
|
569Rule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 MSD
570Rule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
571# Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1980-10-24):
572Rule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
573Rule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
574# Act No.967 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1984-09-13), repeated in
575# Act No.227 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1989-03-14):
576Rule Russia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
577Rule Russia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
578#
579Rule Russia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S
580Rule Russia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 -
581Rule Russia 1993 2010 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
582Rule Russia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
583Rule Russia 1996 2010 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
584
585# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-06-14):
586# According to Kremlin press service, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev
587# signed a federal law "On calculation of time" on June 9, 2011.
588# According to the law Russia is abolishing daylight saving time.
589#
590# Medvedev signed a law "On the Calculation of Time" (in russian):
591# http://bmockbe.ru/events/?ID=7583
592#
593# Medvedev signed a law on the calculation of the time (in russian):
594# http://www.regnum.ru/news/polit/1413906.html
595
596# From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15):
597# Take "abolishing daylight saving time" to mean that time is now considered
598# to be standard.
599
600# These are for backward compatibility with older versions.
601
602# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
603Zone WET 0:00 EU WE%sT
604Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT
605Zone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT
606Zone EET 2:00 EU EE%sT
607
608# Previous editions of this database used abbreviations like MET DST
609# for Central European Summer Time, but this didn't agree with common usage.
610
611# From Markus Kuhn (1996-07-12):
612# The official German names ... are
613#
614# Mitteleurop��ische Zeit (MEZ) = UTC+01:00
615# Mitteleurop��ische Sommerzeit (MESZ) = UTC+02:00
616#
617# as defined in the German Time Act (Gesetz ��ber die Zeitbestimmung (ZeitG),
618# 1978-07-25, Bundesgesetzblatt, Jahrgang 1978, Teil I, S. 1110-1111)....
619# I wrote ... to the German Federal Physical-Technical Institution
620#
621# Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB)
622# Laboratorium 4.41 "Zeiteinheit"
623# Postfach 3345
624# D-38023 Braunschweig
625# phone: +49 531 592-0
626#
627# ... I received today an answer letter from Dr. Peter Hetzel, head of the PTB
628# department for time and frequency transmission. He explained that the
629# PTB translates MEZ and MESZ into English as
630#
631# Central European Time (CET) = UTC+01:00
632# Central European Summer Time (CEST) = UTC+02:00
633
634
635# Albania
636# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
637Rule Albania 1940 only - Jun 16 0:00 1:00 S
638Rule Albania 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 -
639Rule Albania 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S
640Rule Albania 1943 only - Apr 10 3:00 0 -
641Rule Albania 1974 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 S
642Rule Albania 1974 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
643Rule Albania 1975 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
644Rule Albania 1975 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
645Rule Albania 1976 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S
646Rule Albania 1976 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
647Rule Albania 1977 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S
648Rule Albania 1977 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
649Rule Albania 1978 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S
650Rule Albania 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
651Rule Albania 1979 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 S
652Rule Albania 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
653Rule Albania 1980 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 S
654Rule Albania 1980 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
655Rule Albania 1981 only - Apr 26 0:00 1:00 S
656Rule Albania 1981 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 -
657Rule Albania 1982 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S
658Rule Albania 1982 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
659Rule Albania 1983 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 S
660Rule Albania 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
661Rule Albania 1984 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
662# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
663Zone Europe/Tirane 1:19:20 - LMT 1914
664 1:00 - CET 1940 Jun 16
665 1:00 Albania CE%sT 1984 Jul
666 1:00 EU CE%sT
667
668# Andorra
669# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
670Zone Europe/Andorra 0:06:04 - LMT 1901
671 0:00 - WET 1946 Sep 30
| 582Rule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 MSD
583Rule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
584# Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1980-10-24):
585Rule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
586Rule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
587# Act No.967 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1984-09-13), repeated in
588# Act No.227 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1989-03-14):
589Rule Russia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
590Rule Russia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
591#
592Rule Russia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S
593Rule Russia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 -
594Rule Russia 1993 2010 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
595Rule Russia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
596Rule Russia 1996 2010 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
597
598# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-06-14):
599# According to Kremlin press service, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev
600# signed a federal law "On calculation of time" on June 9, 2011.
601# According to the law Russia is abolishing daylight saving time.
602#
603# Medvedev signed a law "On the Calculation of Time" (in russian):
604# http://bmockbe.ru/events/?ID=7583
605#
606# Medvedev signed a law on the calculation of the time (in russian):
607# http://www.regnum.ru/news/polit/1413906.html
608
609# From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15):
610# Take "abolishing daylight saving time" to mean that time is now considered
611# to be standard.
612
613# These are for backward compatibility with older versions.
614
615# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
616Zone WET 0:00 EU WE%sT
617Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT
618Zone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT
619Zone EET 2:00 EU EE%sT
620
621# Previous editions of this database used abbreviations like MET DST
622# for Central European Summer Time, but this didn't agree with common usage.
623
624# From Markus Kuhn (1996-07-12):
625# The official German names ... are
626#
627# Mitteleurop��ische Zeit (MEZ) = UTC+01:00
628# Mitteleurop��ische Sommerzeit (MESZ) = UTC+02:00
629#
630# as defined in the German Time Act (Gesetz ��ber die Zeitbestimmung (ZeitG),
631# 1978-07-25, Bundesgesetzblatt, Jahrgang 1978, Teil I, S. 1110-1111)....
632# I wrote ... to the German Federal Physical-Technical Institution
633#
634# Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB)
635# Laboratorium 4.41 "Zeiteinheit"
636# Postfach 3345
637# D-38023 Braunschweig
638# phone: +49 531 592-0
639#
640# ... I received today an answer letter from Dr. Peter Hetzel, head of the PTB
641# department for time and frequency transmission. He explained that the
642# PTB translates MEZ and MESZ into English as
643#
644# Central European Time (CET) = UTC+01:00
645# Central European Summer Time (CEST) = UTC+02:00
646
647
648# Albania
649# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
650Rule Albania 1940 only - Jun 16 0:00 1:00 S
651Rule Albania 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 -
652Rule Albania 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S
653Rule Albania 1943 only - Apr 10 3:00 0 -
654Rule Albania 1974 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 S
655Rule Albania 1974 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
656Rule Albania 1975 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
657Rule Albania 1975 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
658Rule Albania 1976 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S
659Rule Albania 1976 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
660Rule Albania 1977 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S
661Rule Albania 1977 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
662Rule Albania 1978 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S
663Rule Albania 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
664Rule Albania 1979 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 S
665Rule Albania 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
666Rule Albania 1980 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 S
667Rule Albania 1980 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
668Rule Albania 1981 only - Apr 26 0:00 1:00 S
669Rule Albania 1981 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 -
670Rule Albania 1982 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S
671Rule Albania 1982 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
672Rule Albania 1983 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 S
673Rule Albania 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
674Rule Albania 1984 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
675# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
676Zone Europe/Tirane 1:19:20 - LMT 1914
677 1:00 - CET 1940 Jun 16
678 1:00 Albania CE%sT 1984 Jul
679 1:00 EU CE%sT
680
681# Andorra
682# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
683Zone Europe/Andorra 0:06:04 - LMT 1901
684 0:00 - WET 1946 Sep 30
|
672 1:00 - CET 1985 Mar 31 2:00
| 685 1:00 - CET 1985 Mar 31 2:00
|
673 1:00 EU CE%sT
674
675# Austria
676
677# Milne says Vienna time was 1:05:21.
678
679# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): Shanks & Pottenger give 1918-06-16 and
680# 1945-11-18, but the Austrian Federal Office of Metrology and
681# Surveying (BEV) gives 1918-09-16 and for Vienna gives the "alleged"
682# date of 1945-04-12 with no time. For the 1980-04-06 transition
683# Shanks & Pottenger give 02:00, the BEV 00:00. Go with the BEV,
684# and guess 02:00 for 1945-04-12.
685
686# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
687Rule Austria 1920 only - Apr 5 2:00s 1:00 S
688Rule Austria 1920 only - Sep 13 2:00s 0 -
689Rule Austria 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S
690Rule Austria 1946 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
691Rule Austria 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S
692Rule Austria 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
693Rule Austria 1980 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S
694Rule Austria 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
695# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
696Zone Europe/Vienna 1:05:21 - LMT 1893 Apr
697 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1920
| 686 1:00 EU CE%sT
687
688# Austria
689
690# Milne says Vienna time was 1:05:21.
691
692# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): Shanks & Pottenger give 1918-06-16 and
693# 1945-11-18, but the Austrian Federal Office of Metrology and
694# Surveying (BEV) gives 1918-09-16 and for Vienna gives the "alleged"
695# date of 1945-04-12 with no time. For the 1980-04-06 transition
696# Shanks & Pottenger give 02:00, the BEV 00:00. Go with the BEV,
697# and guess 02:00 for 1945-04-12.
698
699# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
700Rule Austria 1920 only - Apr 5 2:00s 1:00 S
701Rule Austria 1920 only - Sep 13 2:00s 0 -
702Rule Austria 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S
703Rule Austria 1946 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
704Rule Austria 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S
705Rule Austria 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
706Rule Austria 1980 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S
707Rule Austria 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
708# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
709Zone Europe/Vienna 1:05:21 - LMT 1893 Apr
710 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1920
|
698 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1940 Apr 1 2:00s
699 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s
700 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Apr 12 2:00s
| 711 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1940 Apr 1 2:00s
712 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s
713 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Apr 12 2:00s
|
701 1:00 - CET 1946
702 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1981
703 1:00 EU CE%sT
704
705# Belarus
706# From Yauhen Kharuzhy (2011-09-16):
707# By latest Belarus government act Europe/Minsk timezone was changed to
708# GMT+3 without DST (was GMT+2 with DST).
709#
710# Sources (Russian language):
711# http://www.belta.by/ru/all_news/society/V-Belarusi-otmenjaetsja-perexod-na-sezonnoe-vremja_i_572952.html
712# http://naviny.by/rubrics/society/2011/09/16/ic_articles_116_175144/
713# http://news.tut.by/society/250578.html
| 714 1:00 - CET 1946
715 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1981
716 1:00 EU CE%sT
717
718# Belarus
719# From Yauhen Kharuzhy (2011-09-16):
720# By latest Belarus government act Europe/Minsk timezone was changed to
721# GMT+3 without DST (was GMT+2 with DST).
722#
723# Sources (Russian language):
724# http://www.belta.by/ru/all_news/society/V-Belarusi-otmenjaetsja-perexod-na-sezonnoe-vremja_i_572952.html
725# http://naviny.by/rubrics/society/2011/09/16/ic_articles_116_175144/
726# http://news.tut.by/society/250578.html
|
| 727#
728# From Alexander Bokovoy (2014-10-09):
729# Belarussian government decided against changing to winter time....
730# http://eng.belta.by/all_news/society/Belarus-decides-against-adjusting-time-in-Russias-wake_i_76335.html
731# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-08):
732# Hence Belarus can share time zone abbreviations with Moscow again.
733#
|
714# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
715Zone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880
| 734# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
735Zone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880
|
716 1:50 - MMT 1924 May 2 # Minsk Mean Time
| 736 1:50 - MMT 1924 May 2 # Minsk Mean Time
|
717 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
718 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 28
719 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul 3
720 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
| 737 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
738 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 28
739 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul 3
740 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
|
721 3:00 - MSK 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
722 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
723 2:00 - EET 1992 Mar 29 0:00s
724 2:00 1:00 EEST 1992 Sep 27 0:00s
725 2:00 Russia EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
726 3:00 - FET
| 741 3:00 - MSK 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
742 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
743 2:00 - EET 1992 Mar 29 0:00s
744 2:00 1:00 EEST 1992 Sep 27 0:00s
745 2:00 Russia EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
746 3:00 - FET 2014 Oct 26 1:00s
747 3:00 - MSK
|
727
728# Belgium
729#
730# From Paul Eggert (1997-07-02):
731# Entries from 1918 through 1991 are taken from:
732# Annuaire de L'Observatoire Royal de Belgique,
733# Avenue Circulaire, 3, B-1180 BRUXELLES, CLVIIe ann��e, 1991
734# (Imprimerie HAYEZ, s.p.r.l., Rue Fin, 4, 1080 BRUXELLES, MCMXC),
735# pp 8-9.
736# LMT before 1892 was 0:17:30, according to the official journal of Belgium:
737# Moniteur Belge, Samedi 30 Avril 1892, N.121.
738# Thanks to Pascal Delmoitie for these references.
739# The 1918 rules are listed for completeness; they apply to unoccupied Belgium.
740# Assume Brussels switched to WET in 1918 when the armistice took effect.
741#
742# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
743Rule Belgium 1918 only - Mar 9 0:00s 1:00 S
744Rule Belgium 1918 1919 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
745Rule Belgium 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
746Rule Belgium 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S
747Rule Belgium 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 -
748Rule Belgium 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S
749Rule Belgium 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 -
750Rule Belgium 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S
751Rule Belgium 1922 1927 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
752Rule Belgium 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00s 1:00 S
753Rule Belgium 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S
754Rule Belgium 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S
755# DSH writes that a royal decree of 1926-02-22 specified the Sun following 3rd
756# Sat in Apr (except if it's Easter, in which case it's one Sunday earlier),
757# to Sun following 1st Sat in Oct, and that a royal decree of 1928-09-15
758# changed the transition times to 02:00 GMT.
759Rule Belgium 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S
760Rule Belgium 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S
761Rule Belgium 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S
762Rule Belgium 1928 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 -
763Rule Belgium 1929 only - Apr 21 2:00s 1:00 S
764Rule Belgium 1930 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 S
765Rule Belgium 1931 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S
766Rule Belgium 1932 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S
767Rule Belgium 1933 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 S
768Rule Belgium 1934 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S
769Rule Belgium 1935 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S
770Rule Belgium 1936 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S
771Rule Belgium 1937 only - Apr 4 2:00s 1:00 S
772Rule Belgium 1938 only - Mar 27 2:00s 1:00 S
773Rule Belgium 1939 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 S
774Rule Belgium 1939 only - Nov 19 2:00s 0 -
775Rule Belgium 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00s 1:00 S
776Rule Belgium 1944 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 -
777Rule Belgium 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
778Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
779Rule Belgium 1946 only - May 19 2:00s 1:00 S
780Rule Belgium 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 -
781# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
782Zone Europe/Brussels 0:17:30 - LMT 1880
| 748
749# Belgium
750#
751# From Paul Eggert (1997-07-02):
752# Entries from 1918 through 1991 are taken from:
753# Annuaire de L'Observatoire Royal de Belgique,
754# Avenue Circulaire, 3, B-1180 BRUXELLES, CLVIIe ann��e, 1991
755# (Imprimerie HAYEZ, s.p.r.l., Rue Fin, 4, 1080 BRUXELLES, MCMXC),
756# pp 8-9.
757# LMT before 1892 was 0:17:30, according to the official journal of Belgium:
758# Moniteur Belge, Samedi 30 Avril 1892, N.121.
759# Thanks to Pascal Delmoitie for these references.
760# The 1918 rules are listed for completeness; they apply to unoccupied Belgium.
761# Assume Brussels switched to WET in 1918 when the armistice took effect.
762#
763# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
764Rule Belgium 1918 only - Mar 9 0:00s 1:00 S
765Rule Belgium 1918 1919 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
766Rule Belgium 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
767Rule Belgium 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S
768Rule Belgium 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 -
769Rule Belgium 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S
770Rule Belgium 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 -
771Rule Belgium 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S
772Rule Belgium 1922 1927 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
773Rule Belgium 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00s 1:00 S
774Rule Belgium 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S
775Rule Belgium 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S
776# DSH writes that a royal decree of 1926-02-22 specified the Sun following 3rd
777# Sat in Apr (except if it's Easter, in which case it's one Sunday earlier),
778# to Sun following 1st Sat in Oct, and that a royal decree of 1928-09-15
779# changed the transition times to 02:00 GMT.
780Rule Belgium 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S
781Rule Belgium 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S
782Rule Belgium 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S
783Rule Belgium 1928 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 -
784Rule Belgium 1929 only - Apr 21 2:00s 1:00 S
785Rule Belgium 1930 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 S
786Rule Belgium 1931 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S
787Rule Belgium 1932 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S
788Rule Belgium 1933 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 S
789Rule Belgium 1934 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S
790Rule Belgium 1935 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S
791Rule Belgium 1936 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S
792Rule Belgium 1937 only - Apr 4 2:00s 1:00 S
793Rule Belgium 1938 only - Mar 27 2:00s 1:00 S
794Rule Belgium 1939 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 S
795Rule Belgium 1939 only - Nov 19 2:00s 0 -
796Rule Belgium 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00s 1:00 S
797Rule Belgium 1944 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 -
798Rule Belgium 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
799Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
800Rule Belgium 1946 only - May 19 2:00s 1:00 S
801Rule Belgium 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 -
802# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
803Zone Europe/Brussels 0:17:30 - LMT 1880
|
783 0:17:30 - BMT 1892 May 1 12:00 # Brussels MT
| 804 0:17:30 - BMT 1892 May 1 12:00 # Brussels MT
|
784 0:00 - WET 1914 Nov 8
785 1:00 - CET 1916 May 1 0:00
786 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Nov 11 11:00u
787 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 20 2:00s
788 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 3
789 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977
790 1:00 EU CE%sT
791
792# Bosnia and Herzegovina
793# See Europe/Belgrade.
794
795# Bulgaria
796#
797# From Plamen Simenov via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
798# A document of Government of Bulgaria (No.94/1997) says:
799# EET -> EETDST is in 03:00 Local time in last Sunday of March ...
800# EETDST -> EET is in 04:00 Local time in last Sunday of October
801#
802# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
803Rule Bulg 1979 only - Mar 31 23:00 1:00 S
804Rule Bulg 1979 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
805Rule Bulg 1980 1982 - Apr Sat>=1 23:00 1:00 S
806Rule Bulg 1980 only - Sep 29 1:00 0 -
807Rule Bulg 1981 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 -
808# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
809Zone Europe/Sofia 1:33:16 - LMT 1880
810 1:56:56 - IMT 1894 Nov 30 # Istanbul MT?
811 2:00 - EET 1942 Nov 2 3:00
812 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945
| 805 0:00 - WET 1914 Nov 8
806 1:00 - CET 1916 May 1 0:00
807 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Nov 11 11:00u
808 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 20 2:00s
809 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 3
810 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977
811 1:00 EU CE%sT
812
813# Bosnia and Herzegovina
814# See Europe/Belgrade.
815
816# Bulgaria
817#
818# From Plamen Simenov via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
819# A document of Government of Bulgaria (No.94/1997) says:
820# EET -> EETDST is in 03:00 Local time in last Sunday of March ...
821# EETDST -> EET is in 04:00 Local time in last Sunday of October
822#
823# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
824Rule Bulg 1979 only - Mar 31 23:00 1:00 S
825Rule Bulg 1979 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
826Rule Bulg 1980 1982 - Apr Sat>=1 23:00 1:00 S
827Rule Bulg 1980 only - Sep 29 1:00 0 -
828Rule Bulg 1981 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 -
829# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
830Zone Europe/Sofia 1:33:16 - LMT 1880
831 1:56:56 - IMT 1894 Nov 30 # Istanbul MT?
832 2:00 - EET 1942 Nov 2 3:00
833 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945
|
813 1:00 - CET 1945 Apr 2 3:00
| 834 1:00 - CET 1945 Apr 2 3:00
|
814 2:00 - EET 1979 Mar 31 23:00
815 2:00 Bulg EE%sT 1982 Sep 26 2:00
816 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991
817 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997
818 2:00 EU EE%sT
819
820# Croatia
821# See Europe/Belgrade.
822
823# Cyprus
824# Please see the 'asia' file for Asia/Nicosia.
825
826# Czech Republic
827# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
828Rule Czech 1945 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S
829Rule Czech 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 -
830Rule Czech 1946 only - May 6 2:00s 1:00 S
831Rule Czech 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
832Rule Czech 1947 only - Apr 20 2:00s 1:00 S
833Rule Czech 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
834Rule Czech 1949 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 S
835# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
836Zone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850
| 835 2:00 - EET 1979 Mar 31 23:00
836 2:00 Bulg EE%sT 1982 Sep 26 2:00
837 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991
838 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997
839 2:00 EU EE%sT
840
841# Croatia
842# See Europe/Belgrade.
843
844# Cyprus
845# Please see the 'asia' file for Asia/Nicosia.
846
847# Czech Republic
848# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
849Rule Czech 1945 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S
850Rule Czech 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 -
851Rule Czech 1946 only - May 6 2:00s 1:00 S
852Rule Czech 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
853Rule Czech 1947 only - Apr 20 2:00s 1:00 S
854Rule Czech 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
855Rule Czech 1949 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 S
856# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
857Zone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850
|
837 0:57:44 - PMT 1891 Oct # Prague Mean Time
838 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 17 2:00s
| 858 0:57:44 - PMT 1891 Oct # Prague Mean Time
859 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 17 2:00s
|
839 1:00 Czech CE%sT 1979
840 1:00 EU CE%sT
841# Use Europe/Prague also for Slovakia.
842
843# Denmark, Faroe Islands, and Greenland
844
845# From Jesper N��rgaard Welen (2005-04-26):
846# http://www.hum.aau.dk/~poe/tid/tine/DanskTid.htm says that the law
847# [introducing standard time] was in effect from 1894-01-01....
848# The page http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A18930008330-REGL
849# confirms this, and states that the law was put forth 1893-03-29.
850#
851# The EU treaty with effect from 1973:
852# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19722110030-REGL
853#
854# This provoked a new law from 1974 to make possible summer time changes
855# in subsequent decrees with the law
856# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19740022330-REGL
857#
858# It seems however that no decree was set forward until 1980. I have
859# not found any decree, but in another related law, the effecting DST
860# changes are stated explicitly to be from 1980-04-06 at 02:00 to
861# 1980-09-28 at 02:00. If this is true, this differs slightly from
862# the EU rule in that DST runs to 02:00, not 03:00. We don't know
863# when Denmark began using the EU rule correctly, but we have only
864# confirmation of the 1980-time, so I presume it was correct in 1981:
865# The law is about the management of the extra hour, concerning
866# working hours reported and effect on obligatory-rest rules (which
867# was suspended on that night):
868# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/C19801120554-REGL
869
870# From Jesper N��rgaard Welen (2005-06-11):
871# The Herning Folkeblad (1980-09-26) reported that the night between
872# Saturday and Sunday the clock is set back from three to two.
873
874# From Paul Eggert (2005-06-11):
875# Hence the "02:00" of the 1980 law refers to standard time, not
876# wall-clock time, and so the EU rules were in effect in 1980.
877
878# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
879Rule Denmark 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S
880Rule Denmark 1916 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 -
881Rule Denmark 1940 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
882Rule Denmark 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
883Rule Denmark 1945 only - Aug 15 2:00s 0 -
884Rule Denmark 1946 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 S
885Rule Denmark 1946 only - Sep 1 2:00s 0 -
886Rule Denmark 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S
887Rule Denmark 1947 only - Aug 10 2:00s 0 -
888Rule Denmark 1948 only - May 9 2:00s 1:00 S
889Rule Denmark 1948 only - Aug 8 2:00s 0 -
890#
891# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
892Zone Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890
893 0:50:20 - CMT 1894 Jan 1 # Copenhagen MT
| 860 1:00 Czech CE%sT 1979
861 1:00 EU CE%sT
862# Use Europe/Prague also for Slovakia.
863
864# Denmark, Faroe Islands, and Greenland
865
866# From Jesper N��rgaard Welen (2005-04-26):
867# http://www.hum.aau.dk/~poe/tid/tine/DanskTid.htm says that the law
868# [introducing standard time] was in effect from 1894-01-01....
869# The page http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A18930008330-REGL
870# confirms this, and states that the law was put forth 1893-03-29.
871#
872# The EU treaty with effect from 1973:
873# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19722110030-REGL
874#
875# This provoked a new law from 1974 to make possible summer time changes
876# in subsequent decrees with the law
877# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19740022330-REGL
878#
879# It seems however that no decree was set forward until 1980. I have
880# not found any decree, but in another related law, the effecting DST
881# changes are stated explicitly to be from 1980-04-06 at 02:00 to
882# 1980-09-28 at 02:00. If this is true, this differs slightly from
883# the EU rule in that DST runs to 02:00, not 03:00. We don't know
884# when Denmark began using the EU rule correctly, but we have only
885# confirmation of the 1980-time, so I presume it was correct in 1981:
886# The law is about the management of the extra hour, concerning
887# working hours reported and effect on obligatory-rest rules (which
888# was suspended on that night):
889# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/C19801120554-REGL
890
891# From Jesper N��rgaard Welen (2005-06-11):
892# The Herning Folkeblad (1980-09-26) reported that the night between
893# Saturday and Sunday the clock is set back from three to two.
894
895# From Paul Eggert (2005-06-11):
896# Hence the "02:00" of the 1980 law refers to standard time, not
897# wall-clock time, and so the EU rules were in effect in 1980.
898
899# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
900Rule Denmark 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S
901Rule Denmark 1916 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 -
902Rule Denmark 1940 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
903Rule Denmark 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
904Rule Denmark 1945 only - Aug 15 2:00s 0 -
905Rule Denmark 1946 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 S
906Rule Denmark 1946 only - Sep 1 2:00s 0 -
907Rule Denmark 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S
908Rule Denmark 1947 only - Aug 10 2:00s 0 -
909Rule Denmark 1948 only - May 9 2:00s 1:00 S
910Rule Denmark 1948 only - Aug 8 2:00s 0 -
911#
912# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
913Zone Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890
914 0:50:20 - CMT 1894 Jan 1 # Copenhagen MT
|
894 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
895 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
| 915 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
916 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
|
896 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1980
897 1:00 EU CE%sT
| 917 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1980
918 1:00 EU CE%sT
|
898Zone Atlantic/Faroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # T��rshavn
| 919Zone Atlantic/Faroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # T��rshavn
|
899 0:00 - WET 1981
900 0:00 EU WE%sT
901#
902# From Paul Eggert (2004-10-31):
903# During World War II, Germany maintained secret manned weather stations in
904# East Greenland and Franz Josef Land, but we don't know their time zones.
905# My source for this is Wilhelm Dege's book mentioned under Svalbard.
906#
907# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
908# Greenland joined the EU as part of Denmark, obtained home rule on 1979-05-01,
909# and left the EU on 1985-02-01. It therefore should have been using EU
910# rules at least through 1984. Shanks & Pottenger say Scoresbysund and Godth��b
911# used C-Eur rules after 1980, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says they use EU
912# rules since at least 1991. Assume EU rules since 1980.
913
914# From Gwillim Law (2001-06-06), citing
915# <http://www.statkart.no/efs/efshefter/2001/efs5-2001.pdf> (2001-03-15),
916# and with translations corrected by Steffen Thorsen:
917#
918# Greenland has four local times, and the relation to UTC
919# is according to the following time line:
920#
921# The military zone near Thule UTC-4
922# Standard Greenland time UTC-3
923# Scoresbysund UTC-1
924# Danmarkshavn UTC
925#
926# In the military area near Thule and in Danmarkshavn DST will not be
927# introduced.
928
929# From Rives McDow (2001-11-01):
930#
931# I correspond regularly with the Dansk Polarcenter, and wrote them at
932# the time to clarify the situation in Thule. Unfortunately, I have
933# not heard back from them regarding my recent letter. [But I have
934# info from earlier correspondence.]
935#
936# According to the center, a very small local time zone around Thule
937# Air Base keeps the time according to UTC-4, implementing daylight
938# savings using North America rules, changing the time at 02:00 local time....
939#
940# The east coast of Greenland north of the community of Scoresbysund
941# uses UTC in the same way as in Iceland, year round, with no dst.
942# There are just a few stations on this coast, including the
943# Danmarkshavn ICAO weather station mentioned in your September 29th
944# email. The other stations are two sledge patrol stations in
945# Mestersvig and Daneborg, the air force base at Station Nord, and the
946# DPC research station at Zackenberg.
947#
948# Scoresbysund and two small villages nearby keep time UTC-1 and use
949# the same daylight savings time period as in West Greenland (Godth��b).
950#
951# The rest of Greenland, including Godth��b (this area, although it
952# includes central Greenland, is known as west Greenland), keeps time
953# UTC-3, with daylight savings methods according to European rules.
954#
955# It is common procedure to use UTC 0 in the wilderness of East and
956# North Greenland, because it is mainly Icelandic aircraft operators
957# maintaining traffic in these areas. However, the official status of
958# this area is that it sticks with Godth��b time. This area might be
959# considered a dual time zone in some respects because of this.
960
961# From Rives McDow (2001-11-19):
962# I heard back from someone stationed at Thule; the time change took place
963# there at 2:00 AM.
964
965# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
966# From 1997 on the CIA map shows Danmarkshavn on GMT;
967# the 1995 map as like Godth��b.
968# For lack of better info, assume they were like Godth��b before 1996.
969# startkart.no says Thule does not observe DST, but this is clearly an error,
970# so go with Shanks & Pottenger for Thule transitions until this year.
971# For 2007 on assume Thule will stay in sync with US DST rules.
972#
973# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
974Rule Thule 1991 1992 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
975Rule Thule 1991 1992 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
976Rule Thule 1993 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
977Rule Thule 1993 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
978Rule Thule 2007 max - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
979Rule Thule 2007 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
980#
981# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
982Zone America/Danmarkshavn -1:14:40 - LMT 1916 Jul 28
| 920 0:00 - WET 1981
921 0:00 EU WE%sT
922#
923# From Paul Eggert (2004-10-31):
924# During World War II, Germany maintained secret manned weather stations in
925# East Greenland and Franz Josef Land, but we don't know their time zones.
926# My source for this is Wilhelm Dege's book mentioned under Svalbard.
927#
928# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
929# Greenland joined the EU as part of Denmark, obtained home rule on 1979-05-01,
930# and left the EU on 1985-02-01. It therefore should have been using EU
931# rules at least through 1984. Shanks & Pottenger say Scoresbysund and Godth��b
932# used C-Eur rules after 1980, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says they use EU
933# rules since at least 1991. Assume EU rules since 1980.
934
935# From Gwillim Law (2001-06-06), citing
936# <http://www.statkart.no/efs/efshefter/2001/efs5-2001.pdf> (2001-03-15),
937# and with translations corrected by Steffen Thorsen:
938#
939# Greenland has four local times, and the relation to UTC
940# is according to the following time line:
941#
942# The military zone near Thule UTC-4
943# Standard Greenland time UTC-3
944# Scoresbysund UTC-1
945# Danmarkshavn UTC
946#
947# In the military area near Thule and in Danmarkshavn DST will not be
948# introduced.
949
950# From Rives McDow (2001-11-01):
951#
952# I correspond regularly with the Dansk Polarcenter, and wrote them at
953# the time to clarify the situation in Thule. Unfortunately, I have
954# not heard back from them regarding my recent letter. [But I have
955# info from earlier correspondence.]
956#
957# According to the center, a very small local time zone around Thule
958# Air Base keeps the time according to UTC-4, implementing daylight
959# savings using North America rules, changing the time at 02:00 local time....
960#
961# The east coast of Greenland north of the community of Scoresbysund
962# uses UTC in the same way as in Iceland, year round, with no dst.
963# There are just a few stations on this coast, including the
964# Danmarkshavn ICAO weather station mentioned in your September 29th
965# email. The other stations are two sledge patrol stations in
966# Mestersvig and Daneborg, the air force base at Station Nord, and the
967# DPC research station at Zackenberg.
968#
969# Scoresbysund and two small villages nearby keep time UTC-1 and use
970# the same daylight savings time period as in West Greenland (Godth��b).
971#
972# The rest of Greenland, including Godth��b (this area, although it
973# includes central Greenland, is known as west Greenland), keeps time
974# UTC-3, with daylight savings methods according to European rules.
975#
976# It is common procedure to use UTC 0 in the wilderness of East and
977# North Greenland, because it is mainly Icelandic aircraft operators
978# maintaining traffic in these areas. However, the official status of
979# this area is that it sticks with Godth��b time. This area might be
980# considered a dual time zone in some respects because of this.
981
982# From Rives McDow (2001-11-19):
983# I heard back from someone stationed at Thule; the time change took place
984# there at 2:00 AM.
985
986# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
987# From 1997 on the CIA map shows Danmarkshavn on GMT;
988# the 1995 map as like Godth��b.
989# For lack of better info, assume they were like Godth��b before 1996.
990# startkart.no says Thule does not observe DST, but this is clearly an error,
991# so go with Shanks & Pottenger for Thule transitions until this year.
992# For 2007 on assume Thule will stay in sync with US DST rules.
993#
994# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
995Rule Thule 1991 1992 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
996Rule Thule 1991 1992 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
997Rule Thule 1993 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
998Rule Thule 1993 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
999Rule Thule 2007 max - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D
1000Rule Thule 2007 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
1001#
1002# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1003Zone America/Danmarkshavn -1:14:40 - LMT 1916 Jul 28
|
983 -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
| 1004 -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
|
984 -3:00 EU WG%sT 1996
985 0:00 - GMT
986Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:27:52 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormiit
| 1005 -3:00 EU WG%sT 1996
1006 0:00 - GMT
1007Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:27:52 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormiit
|
987 -2:00 - CGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
| 1008 -2:00 - CGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
|
988 -2:00 C-Eur CG%sT 1981 Mar 29
989 -1:00 EU EG%sT
990Zone America/Godthab -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Nuuk
| 1009 -2:00 C-Eur CG%sT 1981 Mar 29
1010 -1:00 EU EG%sT
1011Zone America/Godthab -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Nuuk
|
991 -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
| 1012 -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
|
992 -3:00 EU WG%sT
993Zone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik air base
994 -4:00 Thule A%sT
995
996# Estonia
997# From Peter Ilieve (1994-10-15):
998# A relative in Tallinn confirms the accuracy of the data for 1989 onwards
999# [through 1994] and gives the legal authority for it,
1000# a regulation of the Government of Estonia, No. 111 of 1989....
1001#
1002# From Peter Ilieve (1996-10-28):
1003# [IATA SSIM (1992/1996) claims that the Baltic republics switch at 01:00s,
1004# but a relative confirms that Estonia still switches at 02:00s, writing:]
1005# "I do not [know] exactly but there are some little different
1006# (confusing) rules for International Air and Railway Transport Schedules
1007# conversion in Sunday connected with end of summer time in Estonia....
1008# A discussion is running about the summer time efficiency and effect on
1009# human physiology. It seems that Estonia maybe will not change to
1010# summer time next spring."
1011
1012# From Peter Ilieve (1998-11-04), heavily edited:
1013# The 1998-09-22 Estonian time law
| 1013 -3:00 EU WG%sT
1014Zone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik air base
1015 -4:00 Thule A%sT
1016
1017# Estonia
1018# From Peter Ilieve (1994-10-15):
1019# A relative in Tallinn confirms the accuracy of the data for 1989 onwards
1020# [through 1994] and gives the legal authority for it,
1021# a regulation of the Government of Estonia, No. 111 of 1989....
1022#
1023# From Peter Ilieve (1996-10-28):
1024# [IATA SSIM (1992/1996) claims that the Baltic republics switch at 01:00s,
1025# but a relative confirms that Estonia still switches at 02:00s, writing:]
1026# "I do not [know] exactly but there are some little different
1027# (confusing) rules for International Air and Railway Transport Schedules
1028# conversion in Sunday connected with end of summer time in Estonia....
1029# A discussion is running about the summer time efficiency and effect on
1030# human physiology. It seems that Estonia maybe will not change to
1031# summer time next spring."
1032
1033# From Peter Ilieve (1998-11-04), heavily edited:
1034# The 1998-09-22 Estonian time law
|
1014# <http://trip.rk.ee/cgi-bin/thw?${BASE}=akt&${OOHTML}=rtd&TA=1998&TO=1&AN=1390>
| 1035# http://trip.rk.ee/cgi-bin/thw?${BASE}=akt&${OOHTML}=rtd&TA=1998&TO=1&AN=1390
|
1015# refers to the Eighth Directive and cites the association agreement between
1016# the EU and Estonia, ratified by the Estonian law (RT II 1995, 22-27, 120).
1017#
1018# I also asked [my relative] whether they use any standard abbreviation
1019# for their standard and summer times. He says no, they use "suveaeg"
1020# (summer time) and "talveaeg" (winter time).
1021
1022# From The Baltic Times <http://www.baltictimes.com/> (1999-09-09)
1023# via Steffen Thorsen:
1024# This year will mark the last time Estonia shifts to summer time,
1025# a council of the ruling coalition announced Sept. 6....
1026# But what this could mean for Estonia's chances of joining the European
1027# Union are still unclear. In 1994, the EU declared summer time compulsory
1028# for all member states until 2001. Brussels has yet to decide what to do
1029# after that.
1030
1031# From Mart Oruaas (2000-01-29):
1032# Regulation no. 301 (1999-10-12) obsoletes previous regulation
1033# no. 206 (1998-09-22) and thus sticks Estonia to +02:00 GMT for all
1034# the year round. The regulation is effective 1999-11-01.
1035
1036# From Toomas Soome (2002-02-21):
1037# The Estonian government has changed once again timezone politics.
1038# Now we are using again EU rules.
1039#
1040# From Urmet J��nes (2002-03-28):
1041# The legislative reference is Government decree No. 84 on 2002-02-21.
1042
1043# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1044Zone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880
| 1036# refers to the Eighth Directive and cites the association agreement between
1037# the EU and Estonia, ratified by the Estonian law (RT II 1995, 22-27, 120).
1038#
1039# I also asked [my relative] whether they use any standard abbreviation
1040# for their standard and summer times. He says no, they use "suveaeg"
1041# (summer time) and "talveaeg" (winter time).
1042
1043# From The Baltic Times <http://www.baltictimes.com/> (1999-09-09)
1044# via Steffen Thorsen:
1045# This year will mark the last time Estonia shifts to summer time,
1046# a council of the ruling coalition announced Sept. 6....
1047# But what this could mean for Estonia's chances of joining the European
1048# Union are still unclear. In 1994, the EU declared summer time compulsory
1049# for all member states until 2001. Brussels has yet to decide what to do
1050# after that.
1051
1052# From Mart Oruaas (2000-01-29):
1053# Regulation no. 301 (1999-10-12) obsoletes previous regulation
1054# no. 206 (1998-09-22) and thus sticks Estonia to +02:00 GMT for all
1055# the year round. The regulation is effective 1999-11-01.
1056
1057# From Toomas Soome (2002-02-21):
1058# The Estonian government has changed once again timezone politics.
1059# Now we are using again EU rules.
1060#
1061# From Urmet J��nes (2002-03-28):
1062# The legislative reference is Government decree No. 84 on 2002-02-21.
1063
1064# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1065Zone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880
|
1045 1:39:00 - TMT 1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time
| 1066 1:39:00 - TMT 1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time
|
1046 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1919 Jul
1047 1:39:00 - TMT 1921 May
1048 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 6
1049 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 15
1050 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 22
| 1067 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1919 Jul
1068 1:39:00 - TMT 1921 May
1069 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 6
1070 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 15
1071 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 22
|
1051 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
1052 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep 24 2:00s
| 1072 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
1073 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep 24 2:00s
|
1053 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 Sep 22
1054 2:00 EU EE%sT 1999 Nov 1
1055 2:00 - EET 2002 Feb 21
1056 2:00 EU EE%sT
1057
1058# Finland
1059
1060# From Hannu Strang (1994-09-25 06:03:37 UTC):
1061# Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one,
1062# and it's supposed to change at 4am...
1063
1064# From Janne Snabb (2010-07-15):
1065#
1066# I noticed that the Finland data is not accurate for years 1981 and 1982.
1067# During these two first trial years the DST adjustment was made one hour
1068# earlier than in forthcoming years. Starting 1983 the adjustment was made
1069# according to the central European standards.
1070#
1071# This is documented in Heikki Oja: Aikakirja 2007, published by The Almanac
1072# Office of University of Helsinki, ISBN 952-10-3221-9, available online (in
1073# Finnish) at
1074# http://almanakka.helsinki.fi/aikakirja/Aikakirja2007kokonaan.pdf
1075#
1076# Page 105 (56 in PDF version) has a handy table of all past daylight savings
1077# transitions. It is easy enough to interpret without Finnish skills.
1078#
1079# This is also confirmed by Finnish Broadcasting Company's archive at:
1080# http://www.yle.fi/elavaarkisto/?s=s&g=1&ag=5&t=&a=3401
1081#
1082# The news clip from 1981 says that "the time between 2 and 3 o'clock does not
1083# exist tonight."
1084
1085# From Konstantin Hypp��nen (2014-06-13):
1086# [Heikki Oja's book Aikakirja 2013]
1087# http://almanakka.helsinki.fi/images/aikakirja/Aikakirja2013kokonaan.pdf
1088# pages 104-105, including a scan from a newspaper published on Apr 2 1942
1089# say that ... [o]n Apr 2 1942, 24 o'clock (which means Apr 3 1942,
1090# 00:00), clocks were moved one hour forward. The newspaper
1091# mentions "on the night from Thursday to Friday"....
1092# On Oct 4 1942, clocks were moved at 1:00 one hour backwards.
1093#
1094# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-14):
1095# Go with Oja over Shanks.
1096
1097# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1098Rule Finland 1942 only - Apr 2 24:00 1:00 S
1099Rule Finland 1942 only - Oct 4 1:00 0 -
1100Rule Finland 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
1101Rule Finland 1981 1982 - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 -
1102
1103# Milne says Helsinki (Helsingfors) time was 1:39:49.2 (official document);
1104# round to nearest.
1105
1106# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1107Zone Europe/Helsinki 1:39:49 - LMT 1878 May 31
1108 1:39:49 - HMT 1921 May # Helsinki Mean Time
1109 2:00 Finland EE%sT 1983
1110 2:00 EU EE%sT
1111
1112# ��land Is
1113Link Europe/Helsinki Europe/Mariehamn
1114
1115
1116# France
1117
1118# From Ciro Discepolo (2000-12-20):
1119#
1120# Henri Le Corre, R��gimes horaires pour le monde entier, ��ditions
1121# Traditionnelles - Paris 2 books, 1993
1122#
1123# Gabriel, Trait�� de l'heure dans le monde, Guy Tr��daniel,
1124# Paris, 1991
1125#
1126# Fran��oise Gauquelin, Probl��mes de l'heure r��solus en astrologie,
1127# Guy Tr��daniel, Paris 1987
1128
1129
1130#
1131# Shank & Pottenger seem to use '24:00' ambiguously; resolve it with Whitman.
1132# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1133Rule France 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S
1134Rule France 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 -
1135Rule France 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S
1136Rule France 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S
1137Rule France 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
1138Rule France 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S
1139Rule France 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 -
1140Rule France 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S
1141Rule France 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 -
1142Rule France 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S
1143# DSH writes that a law of 1923-05-24 specified 3rd Sat in Apr at 23:00 to 1st
1144# Sat in Oct at 24:00; and that in 1930, because of Easter, the transitions
1145# were Apr 12 and Oct 5. Go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1146Rule France 1922 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
1147Rule France 1923 only - May 26 23:00s 1:00 S
1148Rule France 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S
1149Rule France 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S
1150Rule France 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S
1151Rule France 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S
1152Rule France 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S
1153Rule France 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S
1154Rule France 1930 only - Apr 12 23:00s 1:00 S
1155Rule France 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S
1156Rule France 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S
1157Rule France 1933 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S
1158Rule France 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S
1159Rule France 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S
1160Rule France 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S
1161Rule France 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S
1162Rule France 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S
1163Rule France 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
1164Rule France 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 -
1165Rule France 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S
1166# The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris, but Shanks & Pottenger
1167# write that they were used in Monaco and in many French locations.
1168# Le Corre writes that the upper limit of the free zone was Arn��guy, Orthez,
1169# Mont-de-Marsan, Bazas, Langon, Lamothe-Montravel, Mar��uil, La
1170# Rochefoucauld, Champagne-Mouton, La Roche-Posay, La Haye-Descartes,
1171# Loches, Montrichard, Vierzon, Bourges, Moulins, Digoin,
1172# Paray-le-Monial, Montceau-les-Mines, Chalon-sur-Sa��ne, Arbois,
1173# Dole, Morez, St-Claude, and Collonges (Haute-Savoie).
1174Rule France 1941 only - May 5 0:00 2:00 M # Midsummer
1175# Shanks & Pottenger say this transition occurred at Oct 6 1:00,
1176# but go with Denis Excoffier (1997-12-12),
1177# who quotes the Eph��m��rides astronomiques for 1998 from Bureau des Longitudes
1178# as saying 5/10/41 22hUT.
1179Rule France 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 S
1180Rule France 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 2:00 M
1181Rule France 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 1:00 S
1182Rule France 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 2:00 M
1183Rule France 1943 only - Oct 4 3:00 1:00 S
1184Rule France 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00 2:00 M
1185Rule France 1944 only - Oct 8 1:00 1:00 S
1186Rule France 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 2:00 M
1187Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 -
1188# Shanks & Pottenger give Mar 28 2:00 and Sep 26 3:00;
1189# go with Excoffier's 28/3/76 0hUT and 25/9/76 23hUT.
1190Rule France 1976 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 S
1191Rule France 1976 only - Sep 26 1:00 0 -
1192# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time, and Whitman 0:09:05,
1193# but Howse quotes the actual French legislation as saying 0:09:21.
1194# Go with Howse. Howse writes that the time in France was officially based
1195# on PMT-0:09:21 until 1978-08-09, when the time base finally switched to UTC.
1196# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1197Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01
| 1074 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 Sep 22
1075 2:00 EU EE%sT 1999 Nov 1
1076 2:00 - EET 2002 Feb 21
1077 2:00 EU EE%sT
1078
1079# Finland
1080
1081# From Hannu Strang (1994-09-25 06:03:37 UTC):
1082# Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one,
1083# and it's supposed to change at 4am...
1084
1085# From Janne Snabb (2010-07-15):
1086#
1087# I noticed that the Finland data is not accurate for years 1981 and 1982.
1088# During these two first trial years the DST adjustment was made one hour
1089# earlier than in forthcoming years. Starting 1983 the adjustment was made
1090# according to the central European standards.
1091#
1092# This is documented in Heikki Oja: Aikakirja 2007, published by The Almanac
1093# Office of University of Helsinki, ISBN 952-10-3221-9, available online (in
1094# Finnish) at
1095# http://almanakka.helsinki.fi/aikakirja/Aikakirja2007kokonaan.pdf
1096#
1097# Page 105 (56 in PDF version) has a handy table of all past daylight savings
1098# transitions. It is easy enough to interpret without Finnish skills.
1099#
1100# This is also confirmed by Finnish Broadcasting Company's archive at:
1101# http://www.yle.fi/elavaarkisto/?s=s&g=1&ag=5&t=&a=3401
1102#
1103# The news clip from 1981 says that "the time between 2 and 3 o'clock does not
1104# exist tonight."
1105
1106# From Konstantin Hypp��nen (2014-06-13):
1107# [Heikki Oja's book Aikakirja 2013]
1108# http://almanakka.helsinki.fi/images/aikakirja/Aikakirja2013kokonaan.pdf
1109# pages 104-105, including a scan from a newspaper published on Apr 2 1942
1110# say that ... [o]n Apr 2 1942, 24 o'clock (which means Apr 3 1942,
1111# 00:00), clocks were moved one hour forward. The newspaper
1112# mentions "on the night from Thursday to Friday"....
1113# On Oct 4 1942, clocks were moved at 1:00 one hour backwards.
1114#
1115# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-14):
1116# Go with Oja over Shanks.
1117
1118# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1119Rule Finland 1942 only - Apr 2 24:00 1:00 S
1120Rule Finland 1942 only - Oct 4 1:00 0 -
1121Rule Finland 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
1122Rule Finland 1981 1982 - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 -
1123
1124# Milne says Helsinki (Helsingfors) time was 1:39:49.2 (official document);
1125# round to nearest.
1126
1127# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1128Zone Europe/Helsinki 1:39:49 - LMT 1878 May 31
1129 1:39:49 - HMT 1921 May # Helsinki Mean Time
1130 2:00 Finland EE%sT 1983
1131 2:00 EU EE%sT
1132
1133# ��land Is
1134Link Europe/Helsinki Europe/Mariehamn
1135
1136
1137# France
1138
1139# From Ciro Discepolo (2000-12-20):
1140#
1141# Henri Le Corre, R��gimes horaires pour le monde entier, ��ditions
1142# Traditionnelles - Paris 2 books, 1993
1143#
1144# Gabriel, Trait�� de l'heure dans le monde, Guy Tr��daniel,
1145# Paris, 1991
1146#
1147# Fran��oise Gauquelin, Probl��mes de l'heure r��solus en astrologie,
1148# Guy Tr��daniel, Paris 1987
1149
1150
1151#
1152# Shank & Pottenger seem to use '24:00' ambiguously; resolve it with Whitman.
1153# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1154Rule France 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S
1155Rule France 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 -
1156Rule France 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S
1157Rule France 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S
1158Rule France 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
1159Rule France 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S
1160Rule France 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 -
1161Rule France 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S
1162Rule France 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 -
1163Rule France 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S
1164# DSH writes that a law of 1923-05-24 specified 3rd Sat in Apr at 23:00 to 1st
1165# Sat in Oct at 24:00; and that in 1930, because of Easter, the transitions
1166# were Apr 12 and Oct 5. Go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1167Rule France 1922 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
1168Rule France 1923 only - May 26 23:00s 1:00 S
1169Rule France 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S
1170Rule France 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S
1171Rule France 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S
1172Rule France 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S
1173Rule France 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S
1174Rule France 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S
1175Rule France 1930 only - Apr 12 23:00s 1:00 S
1176Rule France 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S
1177Rule France 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S
1178Rule France 1933 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S
1179Rule France 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S
1180Rule France 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S
1181Rule France 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S
1182Rule France 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S
1183Rule France 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S
1184Rule France 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
1185Rule France 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 -
1186Rule France 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S
1187# The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris, but Shanks & Pottenger
1188# write that they were used in Monaco and in many French locations.
1189# Le Corre writes that the upper limit of the free zone was Arn��guy, Orthez,
1190# Mont-de-Marsan, Bazas, Langon, Lamothe-Montravel, Mar��uil, La
1191# Rochefoucauld, Champagne-Mouton, La Roche-Posay, La Haye-Descartes,
1192# Loches, Montrichard, Vierzon, Bourges, Moulins, Digoin,
1193# Paray-le-Monial, Montceau-les-Mines, Chalon-sur-Sa��ne, Arbois,
1194# Dole, Morez, St-Claude, and Collonges (Haute-Savoie).
1195Rule France 1941 only - May 5 0:00 2:00 M # Midsummer
1196# Shanks & Pottenger say this transition occurred at Oct 6 1:00,
1197# but go with Denis Excoffier (1997-12-12),
1198# who quotes the Eph��m��rides astronomiques for 1998 from Bureau des Longitudes
1199# as saying 5/10/41 22hUT.
1200Rule France 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 S
1201Rule France 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 2:00 M
1202Rule France 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 1:00 S
1203Rule France 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 2:00 M
1204Rule France 1943 only - Oct 4 3:00 1:00 S
1205Rule France 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00 2:00 M
1206Rule France 1944 only - Oct 8 1:00 1:00 S
1207Rule France 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 2:00 M
1208Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 -
1209# Shanks & Pottenger give Mar 28 2:00 and Sep 26 3:00;
1210# go with Excoffier's 28/3/76 0hUT and 25/9/76 23hUT.
1211Rule France 1976 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 S
1212Rule France 1976 only - Sep 26 1:00 0 -
1213# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time, and Whitman 0:09:05,
1214# but Howse quotes the actual French legislation as saying 0:09:21.
1215# Go with Howse. Howse writes that the time in France was officially based
1216# on PMT-0:09:21 until 1978-08-09, when the time base finally switched to UTC.
1217# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1218Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01
|
1198 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Paris MT
| 1219 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Paris MT
|
1199# Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Jun 14 0:00; go with Excoffier and Le Corre.
1200 0:00 France WE%sT 1940 Jun 14 23:00
1201# Le Corre says Paris stuck with occupied-France time after the liberation;
1202# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1203 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 25
1204 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
1205 1:00 France CE%sT 1977
1206 1:00 EU CE%sT
1207
1208# Germany
1209
1210# From Markus Kuhn (1998-09-29):
1211# The German time zone web site by the Physikalisch-Technische
1212# Bundesanstalt contains DST information back to 1916.
1213# [See tz-link.htm for the URL.]
1214
1215# From J��rg Schilling (2002-10-23):
1216# In 1945, Berlin was switched to Moscow Summer time (GMT+4) by
| 1220# Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Jun 14 0:00; go with Excoffier and Le Corre.
1221 0:00 France WE%sT 1940 Jun 14 23:00
1222# Le Corre says Paris stuck with occupied-France time after the liberation;
1223# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1224 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 25
1225 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
1226 1:00 France CE%sT 1977
1227 1:00 EU CE%sT
1228
1229# Germany
1230
1231# From Markus Kuhn (1998-09-29):
1232# The German time zone web site by the Physikalisch-Technische
1233# Bundesanstalt contains DST information back to 1916.
1234# [See tz-link.htm for the URL.]
1235
1236# From J��rg Schilling (2002-10-23):
1237# In 1945, Berlin was switched to Moscow Summer time (GMT+4) by
|
1217# <http://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/BersarinNikolai/>
| 1238# http://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/BersarinNikolai/
|
1218# General [Nikolai] Bersarin.
1219
1220# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-08):
1221# http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf
1222# says that Bersarin issued an order to use Moscow time on May 20.
1223# However, Moscow did not observe daylight saving in 1945, so
1224# this was equivalent to CEMT (GMT+3), not GMT+4.
1225
1226
1227# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1228Rule Germany 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S
1229Rule Germany 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 -
1230Rule Germany 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
1231# http://www.ptb.de/de/org/4/44/441/salt.htm says the following transition
1232# occurred at 3:00 MEZ, not the 2:00 MEZ given in Shanks & Pottenger.
1233# Go with the PTB.
1234Rule Germany 1947 only - Apr 6 3:00s 1:00 S
1235Rule Germany 1947 only - May 11 2:00s 2:00 M
1236Rule Germany 1947 only - Jun 29 3:00 1:00 S
1237Rule Germany 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
1238Rule Germany 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S
1239
1240Rule SovietZone 1945 only - May 24 2:00 2:00 M # Midsummer
1241Rule SovietZone 1945 only - Sep 24 3:00 1:00 S
1242Rule SovietZone 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 -
1243
1244# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1245Zone Europe/Berlin 0:53:28 - LMT 1893 Apr
| 1239# General [Nikolai] Bersarin.
1240
1241# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-08):
1242# http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf
1243# says that Bersarin issued an order to use Moscow time on May 20.
1244# However, Moscow did not observe daylight saving in 1945, so
1245# this was equivalent to CEMT (GMT+3), not GMT+4.
1246
1247
1248# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1249Rule Germany 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S
1250Rule Germany 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 -
1251Rule Germany 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
1252# http://www.ptb.de/de/org/4/44/441/salt.htm says the following transition
1253# occurred at 3:00 MEZ, not the 2:00 MEZ given in Shanks & Pottenger.
1254# Go with the PTB.
1255Rule Germany 1947 only - Apr 6 3:00s 1:00 S
1256Rule Germany 1947 only - May 11 2:00s 2:00 M
1257Rule Germany 1947 only - Jun 29 3:00 1:00 S
1258Rule Germany 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
1259Rule Germany 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S
1260
1261Rule SovietZone 1945 only - May 24 2:00 2:00 M # Midsummer
1262Rule SovietZone 1945 only - Sep 24 3:00 1:00 S
1263Rule SovietZone 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 -
1264
1265# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1266Zone Europe/Berlin 0:53:28 - LMT 1893 Apr
|
1246 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 24 2:00
| 1267 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 24 2:00
|
1247 1:00 SovietZone CE%sT 1946
1248 1:00 Germany CE%sT 1980
1249 1:00 EU CE%sT
1250
1251# From Tobias Conradi (2011-09-12):
1252# B��singen <http://www.buesingen.de>, surrounded by the Swiss canton
1253# Schaffhausen, did not start observing DST in 1980 as the rest of DE
1254# (West Germany at that time) and DD (East Germany at that time) did.
1255# DD merged into DE, the area is currently covered by code DE in ISO 3166-1,
1256# which in turn is covered by the zone Europe/Berlin.
1257#
1258# Source for the time in B��singen 1980:
1259# http://www.srf.ch/player/video?id=c012c029-03b7-4c2b-9164-aa5902cd58d3
1260
1261# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-03):
| 1268 1:00 SovietZone CE%sT 1946
1269 1:00 Germany CE%sT 1980
1270 1:00 EU CE%sT
1271
1272# From Tobias Conradi (2011-09-12):
1273# B��singen <http://www.buesingen.de>, surrounded by the Swiss canton
1274# Schaffhausen, did not start observing DST in 1980 as the rest of DE
1275# (West Germany at that time) and DD (East Germany at that time) did.
1276# DD merged into DE, the area is currently covered by code DE in ISO 3166-1,
1277# which in turn is covered by the zone Europe/Berlin.
1278#
1279# Source for the time in B��singen 1980:
1280# http://www.srf.ch/player/video?id=c012c029-03b7-4c2b-9164-aa5902cd58d3
1281
1282# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-03):
|
1262# Busingen and Zurich have shared clocks since 1970.
| 1283# B��singen and Zurich have shared clocks since 1970.
|
1263
1264Link Europe/Zurich Europe/Busingen
1265
1266# Georgia
1267# Please see the "asia" file for Asia/Tbilisi.
1268# Herodotus (Histories, IV.45) says Georgia north of the Phasis (now Rioni)
1269# is in Europe. Our reference location Tbilisi is in the Asian part.
1270
1271# Gibraltar
1272# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
| 1284
1285Link Europe/Zurich Europe/Busingen
1286
1287# Georgia
1288# Please see the "asia" file for Asia/Tbilisi.
1289# Herodotus (Histories, IV.45) says Georgia north of the Phasis (now Rioni)
1290# is in Europe. Our reference location Tbilisi is in the Asian part.
1291
1292# Gibraltar
1293# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
1273Zone Europe/Gibraltar -0:21:24 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 0:00s
1274 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1957 Apr 14 2:00
| 1294Zone Europe/Gibraltar -0:21:24 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 0:00s
1295 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1957 Apr 14 2:00
|
1275 1:00 - CET 1982
1276 1:00 EU CE%sT
1277
1278# Greece
1279# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1280# Whitman gives 1932 Jul 5 - Nov 1; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1281Rule Greece 1932 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 S
1282Rule Greece 1932 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
1283# Whitman gives 1941 Apr 25 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1284Rule Greece 1941 only - Apr 7 0:00 1:00 S
1285# Whitman gives 1942 Feb 2 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1286Rule Greece 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 -
1287Rule Greece 1943 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S
1288Rule Greece 1943 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
1289# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 3 - Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1290Rule Greece 1952 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S
1291Rule Greece 1952 only - Nov 2 0:00 0 -
1292Rule Greece 1975 only - Apr 12 0:00s 1:00 S
1293Rule Greece 1975 only - Nov 26 0:00s 0 -
1294Rule Greece 1976 only - Apr 11 2:00s 1:00 S
1295Rule Greece 1976 only - Oct 10 2:00s 0 -
1296Rule Greece 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
1297Rule Greece 1977 only - Sep 26 2:00s 0 -
1298Rule Greece 1978 only - Sep 24 4:00 0 -
1299Rule Greece 1979 only - Apr 1 9:00 1:00 S
1300Rule Greece 1979 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 -
1301Rule Greece 1980 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1302Rule Greece 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
1303# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1304Zone Europe/Athens 1:34:52 - LMT 1895 Sep 14
| 1296 1:00 - CET 1982
1297 1:00 EU CE%sT
1298
1299# Greece
1300# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1301# Whitman gives 1932 Jul 5 - Nov 1; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1302Rule Greece 1932 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 S
1303Rule Greece 1932 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
1304# Whitman gives 1941 Apr 25 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1305Rule Greece 1941 only - Apr 7 0:00 1:00 S
1306# Whitman gives 1942 Feb 2 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1307Rule Greece 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 -
1308Rule Greece 1943 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S
1309Rule Greece 1943 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
1310# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 3 - Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1311Rule Greece 1952 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S
1312Rule Greece 1952 only - Nov 2 0:00 0 -
1313Rule Greece 1975 only - Apr 12 0:00s 1:00 S
1314Rule Greece 1975 only - Nov 26 0:00s 0 -
1315Rule Greece 1976 only - Apr 11 2:00s 1:00 S
1316Rule Greece 1976 only - Oct 10 2:00s 0 -
1317Rule Greece 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
1318Rule Greece 1977 only - Sep 26 2:00s 0 -
1319Rule Greece 1978 only - Sep 24 4:00 0 -
1320Rule Greece 1979 only - Apr 1 9:00 1:00 S
1321Rule Greece 1979 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 -
1322Rule Greece 1980 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1323Rule Greece 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
1324# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1325Zone Europe/Athens 1:34:52 - LMT 1895 Sep 14
|
1305 1:34:52 - AMT 1916 Jul 28 0:01 # Athens MT
| 1326 1:34:52 - AMT 1916 Jul 28 0:01 # Athens MT
|
1306 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1941 Apr 30
1307 1:00 Greece CE%sT 1944 Apr 4
1308 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1981
1309 # Shanks & Pottenger say it switched to C-Eur in 1981;
1310 # go with EU instead, since Greece joined it on Jan 1.
1311 2:00 EU EE%sT
1312
1313# Hungary
1314# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-15):
1315# Dates for 1916-1945 are taken from:
1316# Oross A. Jelen a m��lt j��v��je: a ny��ri id��sz��m��t��s Magyarorsz��gon 1916-1945.
1317# National Archives of Hungary (2012-10-29).
1318# http://mnl.gov.hu/a_het_dokumentuma/a_nyari_idoszamitas_magyarorszagon_19161945.html
1319# This source does not always give times, which are taken from Shanks
1320# & Pottenger (which disagree about the dates).
1321# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1322Rule Hungary 1918 only - Apr 1 3:00 1:00 S
1323Rule Hungary 1918 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 -
1324Rule Hungary 1919 only - Apr 15 3:00 1:00 S
1325Rule Hungary 1919 only - Nov 24 3:00 0 -
1326Rule Hungary 1945 only - May 1 23:00 1:00 S
1327Rule Hungary 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
1328Rule Hungary 1946 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S
1329Rule Hungary 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
1330Rule Hungary 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=4 2:00s 1:00 S
1331Rule Hungary 1950 only - Apr 17 2:00s 1:00 S
1332Rule Hungary 1950 only - Oct 23 2:00s 0 -
1333Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - May 23 0:00 1:00 S
1334Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
1335Rule Hungary 1956 only - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
1336Rule Hungary 1956 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1337Rule Hungary 1957 only - Jun Sun>=1 1:00 1:00 S
1338Rule Hungary 1957 only - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 -
1339Rule Hungary 1980 only - Apr 6 1:00 1:00 S
1340# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1341Zone Europe/Budapest 1:16:20 - LMT 1890 Oct
1342 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918
1343 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1941 Apr 8
1344 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945
1345 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1980 Sep 28 2:00s
1346 1:00 EU CE%sT
1347
1348# Iceland
1349#
1350# From Adam David (1993-11-06):
1351# The name of the timezone in Iceland for system / mail / news purposes is GMT.
1352#
1353# (1993-12-05):
1354# This material is paraphrased from the 1988 edition of the University of
1355# Iceland Almanak.
1356#
1357# From January 1st, 1908 the whole of Iceland was standardised at 1 hour
1358# behind GMT. Previously, local mean solar time was used in different parts
1359# of Iceland, the almanak had been based on Reykjavik mean solar time which
1360# was 1 hour and 28 minutes behind GMT.
1361#
1362# "first day of winter" referred to [below] means the first day of the 26 weeks
1363# of winter, according to the old icelandic calendar that dates back to the
1364# time the norsemen first settled Iceland. The first day of winter is always
1365# Saturday, but is not dependent on the Julian or Gregorian calendars.
1366#
1367# (1993-12-10):
1368# I have a reference from the Oxford Icelandic-English dictionary for the
1369# beginning of winter, which ties it to the ecclesiastical calendar (and thus
1370# to the julian/gregorian calendar) over the period in question.
1371# the winter begins on the Saturday next before St. Luke's day
1372# (old style), or on St. Luke's day, if a Saturday.
1373# St. Luke's day ought to be traceable from ecclesiastical sources. "old style"
1374# might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it
1375# might mean something else (???).
1376#
1377# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1378# The Iceland Almanak, Shanks & Pottenger, and Whitman disagree on many points.
1379# We go with the Almanak, except for one claim from Shanks & Pottenger, namely
1380# that Reykavik was 21W57 from 1837 to 1908, local mean time before that.
1381#
1382# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1383Rule Iceland 1917 1918 - Feb 19 23:00 1:00 S
1384Rule Iceland 1917 only - Oct 21 1:00 0 -
1385Rule Iceland 1918 only - Nov 16 1:00 0 -
1386Rule Iceland 1939 only - Apr 29 23:00 1:00 S
1387Rule Iceland 1939 only - Nov 29 2:00 0 -
1388Rule Iceland 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S
1389Rule Iceland 1940 only - Nov 3 2:00 0 -
1390Rule Iceland 1941 only - Mar 2 1:00s 1:00 S
1391Rule Iceland 1941 only - Nov 2 1:00s 0 -
1392Rule Iceland 1942 only - Mar 8 1:00s 1:00 S
1393Rule Iceland 1942 only - Oct 25 1:00s 0 -
1394# 1943-1946 - first Sunday in March until first Sunday in winter
1395Rule Iceland 1943 1946 - Mar Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S
1396Rule Iceland 1943 1948 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 -
1397# 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter
1398Rule Iceland 1947 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S
1399# 1949 Oct transition delayed by 1 week
1400Rule Iceland 1949 only - Oct 30 1:00s 0 -
1401Rule Iceland 1950 1966 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 -
1402Rule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 -
1403# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1404Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:27:24 - LMT 1837
1405 -1:27:48 - RMT 1908 # Reykjavik Mean Time?
| 1327 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1941 Apr 30
1328 1:00 Greece CE%sT 1944 Apr 4
1329 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1981
1330 # Shanks & Pottenger say it switched to C-Eur in 1981;
1331 # go with EU instead, since Greece joined it on Jan 1.
1332 2:00 EU EE%sT
1333
1334# Hungary
1335# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-15):
1336# Dates for 1916-1945 are taken from:
1337# Oross A. Jelen a m��lt j��v��je: a ny��ri id��sz��m��t��s Magyarorsz��gon 1916-1945.
1338# National Archives of Hungary (2012-10-29).
1339# http://mnl.gov.hu/a_het_dokumentuma/a_nyari_idoszamitas_magyarorszagon_19161945.html
1340# This source does not always give times, which are taken from Shanks
1341# & Pottenger (which disagree about the dates).
1342# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1343Rule Hungary 1918 only - Apr 1 3:00 1:00 S
1344Rule Hungary 1918 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 -
1345Rule Hungary 1919 only - Apr 15 3:00 1:00 S
1346Rule Hungary 1919 only - Nov 24 3:00 0 -
1347Rule Hungary 1945 only - May 1 23:00 1:00 S
1348Rule Hungary 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
1349Rule Hungary 1946 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S
1350Rule Hungary 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
1351Rule Hungary 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=4 2:00s 1:00 S
1352Rule Hungary 1950 only - Apr 17 2:00s 1:00 S
1353Rule Hungary 1950 only - Oct 23 2:00s 0 -
1354Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - May 23 0:00 1:00 S
1355Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
1356Rule Hungary 1956 only - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
1357Rule Hungary 1956 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1358Rule Hungary 1957 only - Jun Sun>=1 1:00 1:00 S
1359Rule Hungary 1957 only - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 -
1360Rule Hungary 1980 only - Apr 6 1:00 1:00 S
1361# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1362Zone Europe/Budapest 1:16:20 - LMT 1890 Oct
1363 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918
1364 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1941 Apr 8
1365 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945
1366 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1980 Sep 28 2:00s
1367 1:00 EU CE%sT
1368
1369# Iceland
1370#
1371# From Adam David (1993-11-06):
1372# The name of the timezone in Iceland for system / mail / news purposes is GMT.
1373#
1374# (1993-12-05):
1375# This material is paraphrased from the 1988 edition of the University of
1376# Iceland Almanak.
1377#
1378# From January 1st, 1908 the whole of Iceland was standardised at 1 hour
1379# behind GMT. Previously, local mean solar time was used in different parts
1380# of Iceland, the almanak had been based on Reykjavik mean solar time which
1381# was 1 hour and 28 minutes behind GMT.
1382#
1383# "first day of winter" referred to [below] means the first day of the 26 weeks
1384# of winter, according to the old icelandic calendar that dates back to the
1385# time the norsemen first settled Iceland. The first day of winter is always
1386# Saturday, but is not dependent on the Julian or Gregorian calendars.
1387#
1388# (1993-12-10):
1389# I have a reference from the Oxford Icelandic-English dictionary for the
1390# beginning of winter, which ties it to the ecclesiastical calendar (and thus
1391# to the julian/gregorian calendar) over the period in question.
1392# the winter begins on the Saturday next before St. Luke's day
1393# (old style), or on St. Luke's day, if a Saturday.
1394# St. Luke's day ought to be traceable from ecclesiastical sources. "old style"
1395# might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it
1396# might mean something else (???).
1397#
1398# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1399# The Iceland Almanak, Shanks & Pottenger, and Whitman disagree on many points.
1400# We go with the Almanak, except for one claim from Shanks & Pottenger, namely
1401# that Reykavik was 21W57 from 1837 to 1908, local mean time before that.
1402#
1403# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1404Rule Iceland 1917 1918 - Feb 19 23:00 1:00 S
1405Rule Iceland 1917 only - Oct 21 1:00 0 -
1406Rule Iceland 1918 only - Nov 16 1:00 0 -
1407Rule Iceland 1939 only - Apr 29 23:00 1:00 S
1408Rule Iceland 1939 only - Nov 29 2:00 0 -
1409Rule Iceland 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S
1410Rule Iceland 1940 only - Nov 3 2:00 0 -
1411Rule Iceland 1941 only - Mar 2 1:00s 1:00 S
1412Rule Iceland 1941 only - Nov 2 1:00s 0 -
1413Rule Iceland 1942 only - Mar 8 1:00s 1:00 S
1414Rule Iceland 1942 only - Oct 25 1:00s 0 -
1415# 1943-1946 - first Sunday in March until first Sunday in winter
1416Rule Iceland 1943 1946 - Mar Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S
1417Rule Iceland 1943 1948 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 -
1418# 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter
1419Rule Iceland 1947 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S
1420# 1949 Oct transition delayed by 1 week
1421Rule Iceland 1949 only - Oct 30 1:00s 0 -
1422Rule Iceland 1950 1966 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 -
1423Rule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 -
1424# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1425Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:27:24 - LMT 1837
1426 -1:27:48 - RMT 1908 # Reykjavik Mean Time?
|
1406 -1:00 Iceland IS%sT 1968 Apr 7 1:00s
| 1427 -1:00 Iceland IS%sT 1968 Apr 7 1:00s
|
1407 0:00 - GMT
1408
1409# Italy
1410#
1411# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):
1412# Sicily and Sardinia each had their own time zones from 1866 to 1893,
1413# called Palermo Time (+00:53:28) and Cagliari Time (+00:36:32).
1414# During World War II, German-controlled Italy used German time.
1415# But these events all occurred before the 1970 cutoff,
1416# so record only the time in Rome.
1417#
1418# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1419# For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks & Pottenger, Whitman, and
1420# F. Pollastri
1421# Day-light Saving Time in Italy (2006-02-03)
| 1428 0:00 - GMT
1429
1430# Italy
1431#
1432# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):
1433# Sicily and Sardinia each had their own time zones from 1866 to 1893,
1434# called Palermo Time (+00:53:28) and Cagliari Time (+00:36:32).
1435# During World War II, German-controlled Italy used German time.
1436# But these events all occurred before the 1970 cutoff,
1437# so record only the time in Rome.
1438#
1439# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1440# For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks & Pottenger, Whitman, and
1441# F. Pollastri
1442# Day-light Saving Time in Italy (2006-02-03)
|
1422# <http://toi.iriti.cnr.it/uk/ienitlt.html>
| 1443# http://toi.iriti.cnr.it/uk/ienitlt.html
|
1423# ('FP' below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute
1424# publication. When the three sources disagree, guess who's right, as follows:
1425#
1426# year FP Shanks&P. (S) Whitman (W) Go with:
1427# 1916 06-03 06-03 24:00 06-03 00:00 FP & W
1428# 09-30 09-30 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s
1429# 1917 04-01 03-31 24:00 03-31 00:00 FP & S
1430# 09-30 09-29 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP & W
1431# 1918 03-09 03-09 24:00 03-09 00:00 FP & S
1432# 10-06 10-05 24:00 10-06 01:00 FP & W
1433# 1919 03-01 03-01 24:00 03-01 00:00 FP & S
1434# 10-04 10-04 24:00 10-04 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s
1435# 1920 03-20 03-20 24:00 03-20 00:00 FP & S
1436# 09-18 09-18 24:00 10-01 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s
1437# 1944 04-02 04-03 02:00 S (see C-Eur)
1438# 09-16 10-02 03:00 FP; guess 24:00s
1439# 1945 09-14 09-16 24:00 FP; guess 24:00s
1440# 1970 05-21 05-31 00:00 S
1441# 09-20 09-27 00:00 S
1442#
1443# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1444Rule Italy 1916 only - Jun 3 0:00s 1:00 S
1445Rule Italy 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
1446Rule Italy 1917 only - Apr 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1447Rule Italy 1917 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 -
1448Rule Italy 1918 only - Mar 10 0:00s 1:00 S
1449Rule Italy 1918 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 -
1450Rule Italy 1919 only - Mar 2 0:00s 1:00 S
1451Rule Italy 1920 only - Mar 21 0:00s 1:00 S
1452Rule Italy 1920 only - Sep 19 0:00s 0 -
1453Rule Italy 1940 only - Jun 15 0:00s 1:00 S
1454Rule Italy 1944 only - Sep 17 0:00s 0 -
1455Rule Italy 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 S
1456Rule Italy 1945 only - Sep 15 0:00s 0 -
1457Rule Italy 1946 only - Mar 17 2:00s 1:00 S
1458Rule Italy 1946 only - Oct 6 2:00s 0 -
1459Rule Italy 1947 only - Mar 16 0:00s 1:00 S
1460Rule Italy 1947 only - Oct 5 0:00s 0 -
1461Rule Italy 1948 only - Feb 29 2:00s 1:00 S
1462Rule Italy 1948 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 -
1463Rule Italy 1966 1968 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S
1464Rule Italy 1966 1969 - Sep Sun>=22 0:00 0 -
1465Rule Italy 1969 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
1466Rule Italy 1970 only - May 31 0:00 1:00 S
1467Rule Italy 1970 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1468Rule Italy 1971 1972 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S
1469Rule Italy 1971 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
1470Rule Italy 1972 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1471Rule Italy 1973 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 S
1472Rule Italy 1973 1974 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1473Rule Italy 1974 only - May 26 0:00 1:00 S
1474Rule Italy 1975 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1475Rule Italy 1975 1977 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
1476Rule Italy 1976 only - May 30 0:00s 1:00 S
1477Rule Italy 1977 1979 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S
1478Rule Italy 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
1479Rule Italy 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 -
1480# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1481Zone Europe/Rome 0:49:56 - LMT 1866 Sep 22
| 1444# ('FP' below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute
1445# publication. When the three sources disagree, guess who's right, as follows:
1446#
1447# year FP Shanks&P. (S) Whitman (W) Go with:
1448# 1916 06-03 06-03 24:00 06-03 00:00 FP & W
1449# 09-30 09-30 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s
1450# 1917 04-01 03-31 24:00 03-31 00:00 FP & S
1451# 09-30 09-29 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP & W
1452# 1918 03-09 03-09 24:00 03-09 00:00 FP & S
1453# 10-06 10-05 24:00 10-06 01:00 FP & W
1454# 1919 03-01 03-01 24:00 03-01 00:00 FP & S
1455# 10-04 10-04 24:00 10-04 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s
1456# 1920 03-20 03-20 24:00 03-20 00:00 FP & S
1457# 09-18 09-18 24:00 10-01 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s
1458# 1944 04-02 04-03 02:00 S (see C-Eur)
1459# 09-16 10-02 03:00 FP; guess 24:00s
1460# 1945 09-14 09-16 24:00 FP; guess 24:00s
1461# 1970 05-21 05-31 00:00 S
1462# 09-20 09-27 00:00 S
1463#
1464# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1465Rule Italy 1916 only - Jun 3 0:00s 1:00 S
1466Rule Italy 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
1467Rule Italy 1917 only - Apr 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1468Rule Italy 1917 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 -
1469Rule Italy 1918 only - Mar 10 0:00s 1:00 S
1470Rule Italy 1918 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 -
1471Rule Italy 1919 only - Mar 2 0:00s 1:00 S
1472Rule Italy 1920 only - Mar 21 0:00s 1:00 S
1473Rule Italy 1920 only - Sep 19 0:00s 0 -
1474Rule Italy 1940 only - Jun 15 0:00s 1:00 S
1475Rule Italy 1944 only - Sep 17 0:00s 0 -
1476Rule Italy 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 S
1477Rule Italy 1945 only - Sep 15 0:00s 0 -
1478Rule Italy 1946 only - Mar 17 2:00s 1:00 S
1479Rule Italy 1946 only - Oct 6 2:00s 0 -
1480Rule Italy 1947 only - Mar 16 0:00s 1:00 S
1481Rule Italy 1947 only - Oct 5 0:00s 0 -
1482Rule Italy 1948 only - Feb 29 2:00s 1:00 S
1483Rule Italy 1948 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 -
1484Rule Italy 1966 1968 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S
1485Rule Italy 1966 1969 - Sep Sun>=22 0:00 0 -
1486Rule Italy 1969 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
1487Rule Italy 1970 only - May 31 0:00 1:00 S
1488Rule Italy 1970 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1489Rule Italy 1971 1972 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S
1490Rule Italy 1971 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
1491Rule Italy 1972 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1492Rule Italy 1973 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 S
1493Rule Italy 1973 1974 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1494Rule Italy 1974 only - May 26 0:00 1:00 S
1495Rule Italy 1975 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1496Rule Italy 1975 1977 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
1497Rule Italy 1976 only - May 30 0:00s 1:00 S
1498Rule Italy 1977 1979 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S
1499Rule Italy 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
1500Rule Italy 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 -
1501# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1502Zone Europe/Rome 0:49:56 - LMT 1866 Sep 22
|
1482 0:49:56 - RMT 1893 Nov 1 0:00s # Rome Mean
1483 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
| 1503 0:49:56 - RMT 1893 Nov 1 0:00s # Rome Mean
1504 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
|
1484 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul
1485 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1980
1486 1:00 EU CE%sT
1487
1488Link Europe/Rome Europe/Vatican
1489Link Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino
1490
1491# Latvia
1492
1493# From Liene Kanepe (1998-09-17):
1494
1495# I asked about this matter Scientific Secretary of the Institute of Astronomy
1496# of The University of Latvia Dr. paed Mr. Ilgonis Vilks. I also searched the
1497# correct data in juridical acts and I found some juridical documents about
1498# changes in the counting of time in Latvia from 1981....
1499#
1500# Act No.35 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1981-01-22 ...
1501# according to the Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1980-10-24
1502# ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning
1503# the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on 1 April at 00:00 (GMT 31 March 21:00)
1504# and 1 hour backward on the 1 October at 00:00 (GMT 30 September 20:00).
1505#
1506# Act No.592 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1984-09-24 ...
1507# according to the Act No.967 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1984-09-13
1508# ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning
1509# the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on the last Sunday of March at 02:00
1510# (GMT 23:00 on the previous day) and 1 hour backward on the last Sunday of
1511# September at 03:00 (GMT 23:00 on the previous day).
1512#
1513# Act No.81 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1989-03-22 ...
1514# according to the Act No.227 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1989-03-14
1515# ...: since the last Sunday of March 1989 in Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR,
1516# Estonian SSR and Kaliningrad region of Russian Federation all year round the
1517# time of 2nd time zone (Moscow time minus one hour). On the territory of Latvia
1518# transition to summer time is performed on the last Sunday of March at 02:00
1519# (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour forward. The end of
1520# daylight saving time is performed on the last Sunday of September at 03:00
1521# (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour backward. Exception is
1522# 1989-03-26, when we must not turn the hands of the clock....
1523#
1524# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Latvia of
1525# 1997-01-21 on transition to Summer time ... established the same order of
1526# daylight savings time settings as in the States of the European Union.
1527
1528# From Andrei Ivanov (2000-03-06):
1529# This year Latvia will not switch to Daylight Savings Time (as specified in
1530# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Rep. of Latvia of
1531# 29-Feb-2000 (#79) <http://www.lv-laiks.lv/wwwraksti/2000/071072/vd4.htm>,
1532# in Latvian for subscribers only).
1533
1534# From RFE/RL Newsline
| 1505 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul
1506 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1980
1507 1:00 EU CE%sT
1508
1509Link Europe/Rome Europe/Vatican
1510Link Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino
1511
1512# Latvia
1513
1514# From Liene Kanepe (1998-09-17):
1515
1516# I asked about this matter Scientific Secretary of the Institute of Astronomy
1517# of The University of Latvia Dr. paed Mr. Ilgonis Vilks. I also searched the
1518# correct data in juridical acts and I found some juridical documents about
1519# changes in the counting of time in Latvia from 1981....
1520#
1521# Act No.35 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1981-01-22 ...
1522# according to the Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1980-10-24
1523# ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning
1524# the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on 1 April at 00:00 (GMT 31 March 21:00)
1525# and 1 hour backward on the 1 October at 00:00 (GMT 30 September 20:00).
1526#
1527# Act No.592 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1984-09-24 ...
1528# according to the Act No.967 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1984-09-13
1529# ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning
1530# the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on the last Sunday of March at 02:00
1531# (GMT 23:00 on the previous day) and 1 hour backward on the last Sunday of
1532# September at 03:00 (GMT 23:00 on the previous day).
1533#
1534# Act No.81 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1989-03-22 ...
1535# according to the Act No.227 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1989-03-14
1536# ...: since the last Sunday of March 1989 in Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR,
1537# Estonian SSR and Kaliningrad region of Russian Federation all year round the
1538# time of 2nd time zone (Moscow time minus one hour). On the territory of Latvia
1539# transition to summer time is performed on the last Sunday of March at 02:00
1540# (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour forward. The end of
1541# daylight saving time is performed on the last Sunday of September at 03:00
1542# (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour backward. Exception is
1543# 1989-03-26, when we must not turn the hands of the clock....
1544#
1545# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Latvia of
1546# 1997-01-21 on transition to Summer time ... established the same order of
1547# daylight savings time settings as in the States of the European Union.
1548
1549# From Andrei Ivanov (2000-03-06):
1550# This year Latvia will not switch to Daylight Savings Time (as specified in
1551# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Rep. of Latvia of
1552# 29-Feb-2000 (#79) <http://www.lv-laiks.lv/wwwraksti/2000/071072/vd4.htm>,
1553# in Latvian for subscribers only).
1554
1555# From RFE/RL Newsline
|
1535# <http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2001/01/3-CEE/cee-030101.html>
| 1556# http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2001/01/3-CEE/cee-030101.html
|
1536# (2001-01-03), noted after a heads-up by Rives McDow:
1537# The Latvian government on 2 January decided that the country will
1538# institute daylight-saving time this spring, LETA reported.
1539# Last February the three Baltic states decided not to turn back their
1540# clocks one hour in the spring....
| 1557# (2001-01-03), noted after a heads-up by Rives McDow:
1558# The Latvian government on 2 January decided that the country will
1559# institute daylight-saving time this spring, LETA reported.
1560# Last February the three Baltic states decided not to turn back their
1561# clocks one hour in the spring....
|
1541# Minister of Economy Aigars Kalvitis noted that Latvia had too few
| 1562# Minister of Economy Aigars Kalv��tis noted that Latvia had too few
|
1542# daylight hours and thus decided to comply with a draft European
1543# Commission directive that provides for instituting daylight-saving
1544# time in EU countries between 2002 and 2006. The Latvian government
1545# urged Lithuania and Estonia to adopt a similar time policy, but it
1546# appears that they will not do so....
1547
1548# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1549Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
1550Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
1551
| 1563# daylight hours and thus decided to comply with a draft European
1564# Commission directive that provides for instituting daylight-saving
1565# time in EU countries between 2002 and 2006. The Latvian government
1566# urged Lithuania and Estonia to adopt a similar time policy, but it
1567# appears that they will not do so....
1568
1569# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1570Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
1571Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
1572
|
1552# Milne says Riga time was 1:36:28 (Polytechnique House time).
| 1573# Milne 1899 says Riga was 1:36:28 (Polytechnique House time).
1574# Byalokoz 1919 says Latvia was 1:36:34.
1575# Go with Byalokoz.
|
1553
1554# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
| 1576
1577# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
1555Zone Europe/Riga 1:36:28 - LMT 1880
1556 1:36:28 - RMT 1918 Apr 15 2:00 #Riga Mean Time
1557 1:36:28 1:00 LST 1918 Sep 16 3:00 #Latvian Summer
1558 1:36:28 - RMT 1919 Apr 1 2:00
1559 1:36:28 1:00 LST 1919 May 22 3:00
1560 1:36:28 - RMT 1926 May 11
| 1578Zone Europe/Riga 1:36:34 - LMT 1880
1579 1:36:34 - RMT 1918 Apr 15 2:00 # Riga MT
1580 1:36:34 1:00 LST 1918 Sep 16 3:00 # Latvian ST
1581 1:36:34 - RMT 1919 Apr 1 2:00
1582 1:36:34 1:00 LST 1919 May 22 3:00
1583 1:36:34 - RMT 1926 May 11
|
1561 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 5
1562 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jul
1563 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 13
| 1584 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 5
1585 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jul
1586 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 13
|
1564 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar lastSun 2:00s
1565 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep lastSun 2:00s
| 1587 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar lastSun 2:00s
1588 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep lastSun 2:00s
|
1566 2:00 Latvia EE%sT 1997 Jan 21
1567 2:00 EU EE%sT 2000 Feb 29
1568 2:00 - EET 2001 Jan 2
1569 2:00 EU EE%sT
1570
1571# Liechtenstein
1572
1573# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-09):
1574# Shanks & Pottenger say Vaduz is like Zurich.
1575
1576# From Alois Treindl (2013-09-18):
1577# http://www.eliechtensteinensia.li/LIJ/1978/1938-1978/1941.pdf
1578# ... confirms on p. 6 that Liechtenstein followed Switzerland in 1941 and 1942.
1579# I ... translate only the last two paragraphs:
1580# ... during second world war, in the years 1941 and 1942, Liechtenstein
1581# introduced daylight saving time, adapting to Switzerland. From 1943 on
1582# central European time was in force throughout the year.
1583# From a report of the duke's government to the high council,
1584# regarding the introduction of a time law, of 31 May 1977.
1585
1586Link Europe/Zurich Europe/Vaduz
1587
1588
1589# Lithuania
1590
1591# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
1592# IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is
1593# known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it's wrong here too.
1594
1595# From Marius Gedminas (1998-08-07):
1596# I would like to inform that in this year Lithuanian time zone
1597# (Europe/Vilnius) was changed.
1598
1599# From ELTA No. 972 (2582) (1999-09-29) <http://www.elta.lt/>,
1600# via Steffen Thorsen:
1601# Lithuania has shifted back to the second time zone (GMT plus two hours)
1602# to be valid here starting from October 31,
1603# as decided by the national government on Wednesday....
1604# The Lithuanian government also announced plans to consider a
1605# motion to give up shifting to summer time in spring, as it was
1606# already done by Estonia.
1607
1608# From the Fact File, Lithuanian State Department of Tourism
1609# <http://www.tourism.lt/informa/ff.htm> (2000-03-27):
1610# Local time is GMT+2 hours ..., no daylight saving.
1611
1612# From a user via Klaus Marten (2003-02-07):
1613# As a candidate for membership of the European Union, Lithuania will
1614# observe Summer Time in 2003, changing its clocks at the times laid
1615# down in EU Directive 2000/84 of 19.I.01 (i.e. at the same times as its
1616# neighbour Latvia). The text of the Lithuanian government Order of
1617# 7.XI.02 to this effect can be found at
1618# http://www.lrvk.lt/nut/11/n1749.htm
1619
1620
1621# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1622Zone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880
| 1589 2:00 Latvia EE%sT 1997 Jan 21
1590 2:00 EU EE%sT 2000 Feb 29
1591 2:00 - EET 2001 Jan 2
1592 2:00 EU EE%sT
1593
1594# Liechtenstein
1595
1596# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-09):
1597# Shanks & Pottenger say Vaduz is like Zurich.
1598
1599# From Alois Treindl (2013-09-18):
1600# http://www.eliechtensteinensia.li/LIJ/1978/1938-1978/1941.pdf
1601# ... confirms on p. 6 that Liechtenstein followed Switzerland in 1941 and 1942.
1602# I ... translate only the last two paragraphs:
1603# ... during second world war, in the years 1941 and 1942, Liechtenstein
1604# introduced daylight saving time, adapting to Switzerland. From 1943 on
1605# central European time was in force throughout the year.
1606# From a report of the duke's government to the high council,
1607# regarding the introduction of a time law, of 31 May 1977.
1608
1609Link Europe/Zurich Europe/Vaduz
1610
1611
1612# Lithuania
1613
1614# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
1615# IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is
1616# known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it's wrong here too.
1617
1618# From Marius Gedminas (1998-08-07):
1619# I would like to inform that in this year Lithuanian time zone
1620# (Europe/Vilnius) was changed.
1621
1622# From ELTA No. 972 (2582) (1999-09-29) <http://www.elta.lt/>,
1623# via Steffen Thorsen:
1624# Lithuania has shifted back to the second time zone (GMT plus two hours)
1625# to be valid here starting from October 31,
1626# as decided by the national government on Wednesday....
1627# The Lithuanian government also announced plans to consider a
1628# motion to give up shifting to summer time in spring, as it was
1629# already done by Estonia.
1630
1631# From the Fact File, Lithuanian State Department of Tourism
1632# <http://www.tourism.lt/informa/ff.htm> (2000-03-27):
1633# Local time is GMT+2 hours ..., no daylight saving.
1634
1635# From a user via Klaus Marten (2003-02-07):
1636# As a candidate for membership of the European Union, Lithuania will
1637# observe Summer Time in 2003, changing its clocks at the times laid
1638# down in EU Directive 2000/84 of 19.I.01 (i.e. at the same times as its
1639# neighbour Latvia). The text of the Lithuanian government Order of
1640# 7.XI.02 to this effect can be found at
1641# http://www.lrvk.lt/nut/11/n1749.htm
1642
1643
1644# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1645Zone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880
|
1623 1:24:00 - WMT 1917 # Warsaw Mean Time
| 1646 1:24:00 - WMT 1917 # Warsaw Mean Time
|
1624 1:35:36 - KMT 1919 Oct 10 # Kaunas Mean Time
1625 1:00 - CET 1920 Jul 12
1626 2:00 - EET 1920 Oct 9
1627 1:00 - CET 1940 Aug 3
1628 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 24
1629 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug
| 1647 1:35:36 - KMT 1919 Oct 10 # Kaunas Mean Time
1648 1:00 - CET 1920 Jul 12
1649 2:00 - EET 1920 Oct 9
1650 1:00 - CET 1940 Aug 3
1651 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 24
1652 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug
|
1630 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1631 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
| 1653 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1654 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
|
1632 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998
| 1655 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998
|
1633 2:00 - EET 1998 Mar 29 1:00u
1634 1:00 EU CE%sT 1999 Oct 31 1:00u
| 1656 2:00 - EET 1998 Mar 29 1:00u
1657 1:00 EU CE%sT 1999 Oct 31 1:00u
|
1635 2:00 - EET 2003 Jan 1
1636 2:00 EU EE%sT
1637
1638# Luxembourg
1639# Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways;
1640# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1641# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1642Rule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S
1643Rule Lux 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
1644Rule Lux 1917 only - Apr 28 23:00 1:00 S
1645Rule Lux 1917 only - Sep 17 1:00 0 -
1646Rule Lux 1918 only - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S
1647Rule Lux 1918 only - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 -
1648Rule Lux 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00 1:00 S
1649Rule Lux 1919 only - Oct 5 3:00 0 -
1650Rule Lux 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S
1651Rule Lux 1920 only - Oct 24 2:00 0 -
1652Rule Lux 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00 1:00 S
1653Rule Lux 1921 only - Oct 26 2:00 0 -
1654Rule Lux 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00 1:00 S
1655Rule Lux 1922 only - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 -
1656Rule Lux 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00 1:00 S
1657Rule Lux 1923 only - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 -
1658Rule Lux 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00 1:00 S
1659Rule Lux 1924 1928 - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 -
1660Rule Lux 1925 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S
1661Rule Lux 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 S
1662Rule Lux 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 S
1663Rule Lux 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00 1:00 S
1664Rule Lux 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 S
1665# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1666Zone Europe/Luxembourg 0:24:36 - LMT 1904 Jun
1667 1:00 Lux CE%sT 1918 Nov 25
| 1658 2:00 - EET 2003 Jan 1
1659 2:00 EU EE%sT
1660
1661# Luxembourg
1662# Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways;
1663# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1664# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1665Rule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S
1666Rule Lux 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
1667Rule Lux 1917 only - Apr 28 23:00 1:00 S
1668Rule Lux 1917 only - Sep 17 1:00 0 -
1669Rule Lux 1918 only - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S
1670Rule Lux 1918 only - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 -
1671Rule Lux 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00 1:00 S
1672Rule Lux 1919 only - Oct 5 3:00 0 -
1673Rule Lux 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S
1674Rule Lux 1920 only - Oct 24 2:00 0 -
1675Rule Lux 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00 1:00 S
1676Rule Lux 1921 only - Oct 26 2:00 0 -
1677Rule Lux 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00 1:00 S
1678Rule Lux 1922 only - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 -
1679Rule Lux 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00 1:00 S
1680Rule Lux 1923 only - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 -
1681Rule Lux 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00 1:00 S
1682Rule Lux 1924 1928 - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 -
1683Rule Lux 1925 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S
1684Rule Lux 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 S
1685Rule Lux 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 S
1686Rule Lux 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00 1:00 S
1687Rule Lux 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 S
1688# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1689Zone Europe/Luxembourg 0:24:36 - LMT 1904 Jun
1690 1:00 Lux CE%sT 1918 Nov 25
|
1668 0:00 Lux WE%sT 1929 Oct 6 2:00s
1669 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 14 3:00
1670 1:00 C-Eur WE%sT 1944 Sep 18 3:00
| 1691 0:00 Lux WE%sT 1929 Oct 6 2:00s
1692 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 14 3:00
1693 1:00 C-Eur WE%sT 1944 Sep 18 3:00
|
1671 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977
1672 1:00 EU CE%sT
1673
1674# Macedonia
1675# See Europe/Belgrade.
1676
1677# Malta
1678# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1679Rule Malta 1973 only - Mar 31 0:00s 1:00 S
1680Rule Malta 1973 only - Sep 29 0:00s 0 -
1681Rule Malta 1974 only - Apr 21 0:00s 1:00 S
1682Rule Malta 1974 only - Sep 16 0:00s 0 -
1683Rule Malta 1975 1979 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S
1684Rule Malta 1975 1980 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
1685Rule Malta 1980 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
1686# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
| 1694 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977
1695 1:00 EU CE%sT
1696
1697# Macedonia
1698# See Europe/Belgrade.
1699
1700# Malta
1701# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1702Rule Malta 1973 only - Mar 31 0:00s 1:00 S
1703Rule Malta 1973 only - Sep 29 0:00s 0 -
1704Rule Malta 1974 only - Apr 21 0:00s 1:00 S
1705Rule Malta 1974 only - Sep 16 0:00s 0 -
1706Rule Malta 1975 1979 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S
1707Rule Malta 1975 1980 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
1708Rule Malta 1980 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
1709# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
1687Zone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 2 0:00s # Valletta
1688 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
1689 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s
| 1710Zone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 2 0:00s # Valletta
1711 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
1712 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s
|
1690 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1973 Mar 31
1691 1:00 Malta CE%sT 1981
1692 1:00 EU CE%sT
1693
1694# Moldova
1695
1696# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1697# A previous version of this database followed Shanks & Pottenger, who write
1698# that Tiraspol switched to Moscow time on 1992-01-19 at 02:00.
1699# However, this is most likely an error, as Moldova declared independence
1700# on 1991-08-27 (the 1992-01-19 date is that of a Russian decree).
1701# In early 1992 there was large-scale interethnic violence in the area
1702# and it's possible that some Russophones continued to observe Moscow time.
1703# But [two people] separately reported via
1704# Jesper N��rgaard that as of 2001-01-24 Tiraspol was like Chisinau.
1705# The Tiraspol entry has therefore been removed for now.
1706#
1707# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-17):
1708# Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR, also known as
1709# "Pridnestrovie") has abolished seasonal clock change (no transition
1710# to the Winter Time).
1711#
1712# News (in Russian):
1713# http://www.kyivpost.ua/russia/news/pridnestrove-otkazalos-ot-perehoda-na-zimnee-vremya-30954.html
1714# http://www.allmoldova.com/moldova-news/1249064116.html
1715#
1716# The substance of this change (reinstatement of the Tiraspol entry)
1717# is from a patch from Petr Machata (2011-10-17)
1718#
1719# From Tim Parenti (2011-10-19)
1720# In addition, being situated at +4651+2938 would give Tiraspol
1721# a pre-1880 LMT offset of 1:58:32.
1722#
1723# (which agrees with the earlier entry that had been removed)
1724#
1725# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-26)
1726# NO need to divide Moldova into two timezones at this point.
1727# As of today, Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)- Tiraspol reversed its own
1728# decision to abolish DST this winter.
1729# Following Moldova and neighboring Ukraine- Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)-
1730# Tiraspol will go back to winter time on October 30, 2011.
1731# News from Moldova (in russian):
1732# http://ru.publika.md/link_317061.html
1733
1734
1735# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1736Zone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1880
1737 1:55 - CMT 1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT
1738 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
1739 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1940 Aug 15
1740 2:00 1:00 EEST 1941 Jul 17
1741 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 24
1742 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
1743 3:00 - MSK 1990 May 6
1744 2:00 - EET 1991
1745 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992
1746 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997
1747# See Romania commentary for the guessed 1997 transition to EU rules.
1748 2:00 EU EE%sT
1749
1750# Monaco
1751# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
1752# more precise 0:09:21.
1753# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1754Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15
| 1713 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1973 Mar 31
1714 1:00 Malta CE%sT 1981
1715 1:00 EU CE%sT
1716
1717# Moldova
1718
1719# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1720# A previous version of this database followed Shanks & Pottenger, who write
1721# that Tiraspol switched to Moscow time on 1992-01-19 at 02:00.
1722# However, this is most likely an error, as Moldova declared independence
1723# on 1991-08-27 (the 1992-01-19 date is that of a Russian decree).
1724# In early 1992 there was large-scale interethnic violence in the area
1725# and it's possible that some Russophones continued to observe Moscow time.
1726# But [two people] separately reported via
1727# Jesper N��rgaard that as of 2001-01-24 Tiraspol was like Chisinau.
1728# The Tiraspol entry has therefore been removed for now.
1729#
1730# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-17):
1731# Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR, also known as
1732# "Pridnestrovie") has abolished seasonal clock change (no transition
1733# to the Winter Time).
1734#
1735# News (in Russian):
1736# http://www.kyivpost.ua/russia/news/pridnestrove-otkazalos-ot-perehoda-na-zimnee-vremya-30954.html
1737# http://www.allmoldova.com/moldova-news/1249064116.html
1738#
1739# The substance of this change (reinstatement of the Tiraspol entry)
1740# is from a patch from Petr Machata (2011-10-17)
1741#
1742# From Tim Parenti (2011-10-19)
1743# In addition, being situated at +4651+2938 would give Tiraspol
1744# a pre-1880 LMT offset of 1:58:32.
1745#
1746# (which agrees with the earlier entry that had been removed)
1747#
1748# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-26)
1749# NO need to divide Moldova into two timezones at this point.
1750# As of today, Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)- Tiraspol reversed its own
1751# decision to abolish DST this winter.
1752# Following Moldova and neighboring Ukraine- Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)-
1753# Tiraspol will go back to winter time on October 30, 2011.
1754# News from Moldova (in russian):
1755# http://ru.publika.md/link_317061.html
1756
1757
1758# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1759Zone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1880
1760 1:55 - CMT 1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT
1761 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
1762 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1940 Aug 15
1763 2:00 1:00 EEST 1941 Jul 17
1764 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 24
1765 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
1766 3:00 - MSK 1990 May 6
1767 2:00 - EET 1991
1768 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992
1769 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997
1770# See Romania commentary for the guessed 1997 transition to EU rules.
1771 2:00 EU EE%sT
1772
1773# Monaco
1774# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
1775# more precise 0:09:21.
1776# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1777Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15
|
1755 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
1756 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
| 1778 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
1779 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
|
1757 1:00 France CE%sT 1977
1758 1:00 EU CE%sT
1759
1760# Montenegro
1761# See Europe/Belgrade.
1762
1763# Netherlands
1764
1765# Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940,
1766# but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time.
1767
1768# However, Robert H. van Gent writes (2001-04-01):
1769# Howse's statement is only correct up to 1909. From 1909-05-01 (00:00:00
1770# Amsterdam mean time) onwards, the whole of the Netherlands (including
1771# the Dutch railways) was required by law to observe Amsterdam mean time
1772# (19 minutes 32.13 seconds ahead of GMT). This had already been the
1773# common practice (except for the railways) for many decades but it was
1774# not until 1909 when the Dutch government finally defined this by law.
1775# On 1937-07-01 this was changed to 20 minutes (exactly) ahead of GMT and
1776# was generally known as Dutch Time ("Nederlandse Tijd").
1777#
1778# (2001-04-08):
1779# 1892-05-01 was the date when the Dutch railways were by law required to
1780# observe GMT while the remainder of the Netherlands adhered to the common
1781# practice of following Amsterdam mean time.
1782#
1783# (2001-04-09):
1784# In 1835 the authorities of the province of North Holland requested the
1785# municipal authorities of the towns and cities in the province to observe
1786# Amsterdam mean time but I do not know in how many cases this request was
1787# actually followed.
1788#
1789# From 1852 onwards the Dutch telegraph offices were by law required to
1790# observe Amsterdam mean time. As the time signals from the observatory of
1791# Leiden were also distributed by the telegraph system, I assume that most
1792# places linked up with the telegraph (and railway) system automatically
1793# adopted Amsterdam mean time.
1794#
1795# Although the early Dutch railway companies initially observed a variety
1796# of times, most of them had adopted Amsterdam mean time by 1858 but it
1797# was not until 1866 when they were all required by law to observe
1798# Amsterdam mean time.
1799
| 1780 1:00 France CE%sT 1977
1781 1:00 EU CE%sT
1782
1783# Montenegro
1784# See Europe/Belgrade.
1785
1786# Netherlands
1787
1788# Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940,
1789# but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time.
1790
1791# However, Robert H. van Gent writes (2001-04-01):
1792# Howse's statement is only correct up to 1909. From 1909-05-01 (00:00:00
1793# Amsterdam mean time) onwards, the whole of the Netherlands (including
1794# the Dutch railways) was required by law to observe Amsterdam mean time
1795# (19 minutes 32.13 seconds ahead of GMT). This had already been the
1796# common practice (except for the railways) for many decades but it was
1797# not until 1909 when the Dutch government finally defined this by law.
1798# On 1937-07-01 this was changed to 20 minutes (exactly) ahead of GMT and
1799# was generally known as Dutch Time ("Nederlandse Tijd").
1800#
1801# (2001-04-08):
1802# 1892-05-01 was the date when the Dutch railways were by law required to
1803# observe GMT while the remainder of the Netherlands adhered to the common
1804# practice of following Amsterdam mean time.
1805#
1806# (2001-04-09):
1807# In 1835 the authorities of the province of North Holland requested the
1808# municipal authorities of the towns and cities in the province to observe
1809# Amsterdam mean time but I do not know in how many cases this request was
1810# actually followed.
1811#
1812# From 1852 onwards the Dutch telegraph offices were by law required to
1813# observe Amsterdam mean time. As the time signals from the observatory of
1814# Leiden were also distributed by the telegraph system, I assume that most
1815# places linked up with the telegraph (and railway) system automatically
1816# adopted Amsterdam mean time.
1817#
1818# Although the early Dutch railway companies initially observed a variety
1819# of times, most of them had adopted Amsterdam mean time by 1858 but it
1820# was not until 1866 when they were all required by law to observe
1821# Amsterdam mean time.
1822
|
1800# The data before 1945 are taken from
1801# <http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/wettijd/wettijd.htm>.
| 1823# The data entries before 1945 are taken from
1824# http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/wettijd/wettijd.htm
|
1802
1803# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1804Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time
1805Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time
1806Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST
1807Rule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT
1808Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
1809Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep lastMon 2:00s 0 AMT
1810Rule Neth 1922 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST
1811Rule Neth 1922 1936 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 AMT
1812Rule Neth 1923 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
1813Rule Neth 1924 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST
1814Rule Neth 1925 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
1815# From 1926 through 1939 DST began 05-15, except that it was delayed by a week
1816# in years when 05-15 fell in the Pentecost weekend.
1817Rule Neth 1926 1931 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST
1818Rule Neth 1932 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST
1819Rule Neth 1933 1936 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST
1820Rule Neth 1937 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST
1821Rule Neth 1937 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S
1822Rule Neth 1937 1939 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 -
1823Rule Neth 1938 1939 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 S
1824Rule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
1825Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
1826#
1827# Amsterdam Mean Time was +00:19:32.13 exactly, but the .13 is omitted
1828# below because the current format requires GMTOFF to be an integer.
1829# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1830Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:32 - LMT 1835
1831 0:19:32 Neth %s 1937 Jul 1
| 1825
1826# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1827Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time
1828Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time
1829Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST
1830Rule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT
1831Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
1832Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep lastMon 2:00s 0 AMT
1833Rule Neth 1922 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST
1834Rule Neth 1922 1936 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 AMT
1835Rule Neth 1923 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
1836Rule Neth 1924 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST
1837Rule Neth 1925 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
1838# From 1926 through 1939 DST began 05-15, except that it was delayed by a week
1839# in years when 05-15 fell in the Pentecost weekend.
1840Rule Neth 1926 1931 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST
1841Rule Neth 1932 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST
1842Rule Neth 1933 1936 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST
1843Rule Neth 1937 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST
1844Rule Neth 1937 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S
1845Rule Neth 1937 1939 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 -
1846Rule Neth 1938 1939 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 S
1847Rule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
1848Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
1849#
1850# Amsterdam Mean Time was +00:19:32.13 exactly, but the .13 is omitted
1851# below because the current format requires GMTOFF to be an integer.
1852# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1853Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:32 - LMT 1835
1854 0:19:32 Neth %s 1937 Jul 1
|
1832 0:20 Neth NE%sT 1940 May 16 0:00 # Dutch Time
1833 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
| 1855 0:20 Neth NE%sT 1940 May 16 0:00 # Dutch Time
1856 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
|
1834 1:00 Neth CE%sT 1977
1835 1:00 EU CE%sT
1836
1837# Norway
1838# http://met.no/met/met_lex/q_u/sommertid.html (2004-01) agrees with Shanks &
1839# Pottenger.
1840# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1841Rule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 S
1842Rule Norway 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
1843Rule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
1844Rule Norway 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 -
1845Rule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 S
1846Rule Norway 1959 1965 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
1847Rule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 S
1848# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1849Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895 Jan 1
1850 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1940 Aug 10 23:00
1851 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
1852 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1980
1853 1:00 EU CE%sT
1854
1855# Svalbard & Jan Mayen
1856
1857# From Steffen Thorsen (2001-05-01):
1858# Although I could not find it explicitly, it seems that Jan Mayen and
1859# Svalbard have been using the same time as Norway at least since the
1860# time they were declared as parts of Norway. Svalbard was declared
1861# as a part of Norway by law of 1925-07-17 no 11, section 4 and Jan
1862# Mayen by law of 1930-02-27 no 2, section 2. (From
1863# <http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19250717-011.html> and
1864# <http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19300227-002.html>). The law/regulation
1865# for normal/standard time in Norway is from 1894-06-29 no 1 (came
1866# into operation on 1895-01-01) and Svalbard/Jan Mayen seem to be a
1867# part of this law since 1925/1930. (From
1868# <http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-18940629-001.html>) I have not been
1869# able to find if Jan Mayen used a different time zone (e.g. -0100)
1870# before 1930. Jan Mayen has only been "inhabited" since 1921 by
1871# Norwegian meteorologists and maybe used the same time as Norway ever
1872# since 1921. Svalbard (Arctic/Longyearbyen) has been inhabited since
1873# before 1895, and therefore probably changed the local time somewhere
1874# between 1895 and 1925 (inclusive).
1875
1876# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-04):
1877#
1878# Actually, Jan Mayen was never occupied by Germany during World War II,
1879# so it must have diverged from Oslo time during the war, as Oslo was
1880# keeping Berlin time.
1881#
1882# <http://home.no.net/janmayen/history.htm> says that the meteorologists
1883# burned down their station in 1940 and left the island, but returned in
1884# 1941 with a small Norwegian garrison and continued operations despite
1885# frequent air attacks from Germans. In 1943 the Americans established a
1886# radiolocating station on the island, called "Atlantic City". Possibly
1887# the UT offset changed during the war, but I think it unlikely that
1888# Jan Mayen used German daylight-saving rules.
1889#
1890# Svalbard is more complicated, as it was raided in August 1941 by an
1891# Allied party that evacuated the civilian population to England (says
1892# <http://www.bartleby.com/65/sv/Svalbard.html>). The Svalbard FAQ
1893# <http://www.svalbard.com/SvalbardFAQ.html> says that the Germans were
1894# expelled on 1942-05-14. However, small parties of Germans did return,
1895# and according to Wilhelm Dege's book "War North of 80" (1954)
| 1857 1:00 Neth CE%sT 1977
1858 1:00 EU CE%sT
1859
1860# Norway
1861# http://met.no/met/met_lex/q_u/sommertid.html (2004-01) agrees with Shanks &
1862# Pottenger.
1863# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1864Rule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 S
1865Rule Norway 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
1866Rule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
1867Rule Norway 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 -
1868Rule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 S
1869Rule Norway 1959 1965 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
1870Rule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 S
1871# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1872Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895 Jan 1
1873 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1940 Aug 10 23:00
1874 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
1875 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1980
1876 1:00 EU CE%sT
1877
1878# Svalbard & Jan Mayen
1879
1880# From Steffen Thorsen (2001-05-01):
1881# Although I could not find it explicitly, it seems that Jan Mayen and
1882# Svalbard have been using the same time as Norway at least since the
1883# time they were declared as parts of Norway. Svalbard was declared
1884# as a part of Norway by law of 1925-07-17 no 11, section 4 and Jan
1885# Mayen by law of 1930-02-27 no 2, section 2. (From
1886# <http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19250717-011.html> and
1887# <http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19300227-002.html>). The law/regulation
1888# for normal/standard time in Norway is from 1894-06-29 no 1 (came
1889# into operation on 1895-01-01) and Svalbard/Jan Mayen seem to be a
1890# part of this law since 1925/1930. (From
1891# <http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-18940629-001.html>) I have not been
1892# able to find if Jan Mayen used a different time zone (e.g. -0100)
1893# before 1930. Jan Mayen has only been "inhabited" since 1921 by
1894# Norwegian meteorologists and maybe used the same time as Norway ever
1895# since 1921. Svalbard (Arctic/Longyearbyen) has been inhabited since
1896# before 1895, and therefore probably changed the local time somewhere
1897# between 1895 and 1925 (inclusive).
1898
1899# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-04):
1900#
1901# Actually, Jan Mayen was never occupied by Germany during World War II,
1902# so it must have diverged from Oslo time during the war, as Oslo was
1903# keeping Berlin time.
1904#
1905# <http://home.no.net/janmayen/history.htm> says that the meteorologists
1906# burned down their station in 1940 and left the island, but returned in
1907# 1941 with a small Norwegian garrison and continued operations despite
1908# frequent air attacks from Germans. In 1943 the Americans established a
1909# radiolocating station on the island, called "Atlantic City". Possibly
1910# the UT offset changed during the war, but I think it unlikely that
1911# Jan Mayen used German daylight-saving rules.
1912#
1913# Svalbard is more complicated, as it was raided in August 1941 by an
1914# Allied party that evacuated the civilian population to England (says
1915# <http://www.bartleby.com/65/sv/Svalbard.html>). The Svalbard FAQ
1916# <http://www.svalbard.com/SvalbardFAQ.html> says that the Germans were
1917# expelled on 1942-05-14. However, small parties of Germans did return,
1918# and according to Wilhelm Dege's book "War North of 80" (1954)
|
1896# <http://www.ucalgary.ca/UofC/departments/UP/1-55238/1-55238-110-2.html>
| 1919# http://www.ucalgary.ca/UofC/departments/UP/1-55238/1-55238-110-2.html
|
1897# the German armed forces at the Svalbard weather station code-named
1898# Haudegen did not surrender to the Allies until September 1945.
1899#
1900# All these events predate our cutoff date of 1970, so use Europe/Oslo
1901# for these regions.
1902Link Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen
1903
1904# Poland
1905
1906# The 1919 dates and times can be found in Tygodnik Urz��dowy nr 1 (1919-03-20),
1907# <http://www.wbc.poznan.pl/publication/32156> pp 1-2.
1908
1909# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1910Rule Poland 1918 1919 - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
1911Rule Poland 1919 only - Apr 15 2:00s 1:00 S
1912Rule Poland 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S
1913# Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1914Rule Poland 1944 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
1915# For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1916Rule Poland 1945 only - Apr 29 0:00 1:00 S
1917Rule Poland 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
1918# For 1946 on the source is Kazimierz Borkowski,
1919# Toru�� Center for Astronomy, Dept. of Radio Astronomy, Nicolaus Copernicus U.,
| 1920# the German armed forces at the Svalbard weather station code-named
1921# Haudegen did not surrender to the Allies until September 1945.
1922#
1923# All these events predate our cutoff date of 1970, so use Europe/Oslo
1924# for these regions.
1925Link Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen
1926
1927# Poland
1928
1929# The 1919 dates and times can be found in Tygodnik Urz��dowy nr 1 (1919-03-20),
1930# <http://www.wbc.poznan.pl/publication/32156> pp 1-2.
1931
1932# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1933Rule Poland 1918 1919 - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
1934Rule Poland 1919 only - Apr 15 2:00s 1:00 S
1935Rule Poland 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S
1936# Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1937Rule Poland 1944 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
1938# For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1939Rule Poland 1945 only - Apr 29 0:00 1:00 S
1940Rule Poland 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
1941# For 1946 on the source is Kazimierz Borkowski,
1942# Toru�� Center for Astronomy, Dept. of Radio Astronomy, Nicolaus Copernicus U.,
|
1920# <http://www.astro.uni.torun.pl/~kb/Artykuly/U-PA/Czas2.htm#tth_tAb1>
| 1943# http://www.astro.uni.torun.pl/~kb/Artykuly/U-PA/Czas2.htm#tth_tAb1
|
1921# Thanks to Przemys��aw Augustyniak (2005-05-28) for this reference.
1922# He also gives these further references:
1923# Mon Pol nr 13, poz 162 (1995) <http://www.abc.com.pl/serwis/mp/1995/0162.htm>
1924# Druk nr 2180 (2003) <http://www.senat.gov.pl/k5/dok/sejm/053/2180.pdf>
1925Rule Poland 1946 only - Apr 14 0:00s 1:00 S
1926Rule Poland 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 -
1927Rule Poland 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S
1928Rule Poland 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
1929Rule Poland 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
1930Rule Poland 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S
1931Rule Poland 1957 only - Jun 2 1:00s 1:00 S
1932Rule Poland 1957 1958 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
1933Rule Poland 1958 only - Mar 30 1:00s 1:00 S
1934Rule Poland 1959 only - May 31 1:00s 1:00 S
1935Rule Poland 1959 1961 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00s 0 -
1936Rule Poland 1960 only - Apr 3 1:00s 1:00 S
1937Rule Poland 1961 1964 - May lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
1938Rule Poland 1962 1964 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
1939# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1940Zone Europe/Warsaw 1:24:00 - LMT 1880
| 1944# Thanks to Przemys��aw Augustyniak (2005-05-28) for this reference.
1945# He also gives these further references:
1946# Mon Pol nr 13, poz 162 (1995) <http://www.abc.com.pl/serwis/mp/1995/0162.htm>
1947# Druk nr 2180 (2003) <http://www.senat.gov.pl/k5/dok/sejm/053/2180.pdf>
1948Rule Poland 1946 only - Apr 14 0:00s 1:00 S
1949Rule Poland 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 -
1950Rule Poland 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S
1951Rule Poland 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
1952Rule Poland 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
1953Rule Poland 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S
1954Rule Poland 1957 only - Jun 2 1:00s 1:00 S
1955Rule Poland 1957 1958 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
1956Rule Poland 1958 only - Mar 30 1:00s 1:00 S
1957Rule Poland 1959 only - May 31 1:00s 1:00 S
1958Rule Poland 1959 1961 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00s 0 -
1959Rule Poland 1960 only - Apr 3 1:00s 1:00 S
1960Rule Poland 1961 1964 - May lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
1961Rule Poland 1962 1964 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
1962# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1963Zone Europe/Warsaw 1:24:00 - LMT 1880
|
1941 1:24:00 - WMT 1915 Aug 5 # Warsaw Mean Time
1942 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Sep 16 3:00
| 1964 1:24:00 - WMT 1915 Aug 5 # Warsaw Mean Time
1965 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Sep 16 3:00
|
1943 2:00 Poland EE%sT 1922 Jun
| 1966 2:00 Poland EE%sT 1922 Jun
|
1944 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1940 Jun 23 2:00
| 1967 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1940 Jun 23 2:00
|
1945 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct
1946 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1977
1947 1:00 W-Eur CE%sT 1988
1948 1:00 EU CE%sT
1949
1950# Portugal
1951#
| 1968 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct
1969 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1977
1970 1:00 W-Eur CE%sT 1988
1971 1:00 EU CE%sT
1972
1973# Portugal
1974#
|
| 1975# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-11), after a heads-up from Stephen Colebourne:
1976# According to a Portuguese decree (1911-05-26)
1977# http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
1978# Lisbon was at -0:36:44.68, but switched to GMT on 1912-01-01 at 00:00.
1979# Round the old offset to -0:36:45. This agrees with Willett but disagrees
1980# with Shanks, who says the transition occurred on 1911-05-24 at 00:00 for
1981# Europe/Lisbon, Atlantic/Azores, and Atlantic/Madeira.
1982#
|
1952# From Rui Pedro Salgueiro (1992-11-12):
1953# Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone
1954# (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC.
1955#
1956# Martin Bruckmann (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve
1957# that Portugal is reverting to 0:00 by not moving its clocks this spring.
1958# The new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter.
1959#
1960# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-12):
1961# IATA SSIM (1991-09) reports several 1991-09 and 1992-09 transitions
1962# at 02:00u, not 01:00u. Assume that these are typos.
1963# IATA SSIM (1991/1992) reports that the Azores were at -1:00.
1964# IATA SSIM (1993-02) says +0:00; later issues (through 1996-09) say -1:00.
1965# Guess that the Azores changed to EU rules in 1992 (since that's when Portugal
1966# harmonized with the EU), and that they stayed +0:00 that winter.
1967#
1968# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1969# DSH writes that despite Decree 1,469 (1915), the change to the clocks was not
1970# done every year, depending on what Spain did, because of railroad schedules.
1971# Go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1972Rule Port 1916 only - Jun 17 23:00 1:00 S
1973# Whitman gives 1916 Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1974Rule Port 1916 only - Nov 1 1:00 0 -
1975Rule Port 1917 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S
1976Rule Port 1917 1921 - Oct 14 23:00s 0 -
1977Rule Port 1918 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
1978Rule Port 1919 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S
1979Rule Port 1920 only - Feb 29 23:00s 1:00 S
1980Rule Port 1921 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S
1981Rule Port 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S
1982Rule Port 1924 only - Oct 14 23:00s 0 -
1983Rule Port 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S
1984Rule Port 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
1985Rule Port 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S
1986Rule Port 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S
1987Rule Port 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S
1988Rule Port 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S
1989# Whitman gives 1931 Oct 8; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1990Rule Port 1931 1932 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
1991Rule Port 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S
1992Rule Port 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S
1993# Whitman gives 1934 Oct 5; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1994Rule Port 1934 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
1995# Shanks & Pottenger give 1935 Apr 30; go with Whitman.
1996Rule Port 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S
1997Rule Port 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S
1998# Whitman gives 1937 Apr 2; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1999Rule Port 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S
2000Rule Port 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S
2001Rule Port 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
2002# Whitman gives 1939 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2003Rule Port 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 -
2004Rule Port 1940 only - Feb 24 23:00s 1:00 S
2005# Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Oct 7; go with Whitman.
2006Rule Port 1940 1941 - Oct 5 23:00s 0 -
2007Rule Port 1941 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S
2008Rule Port 1942 1945 - Mar Sat>=8 23:00s 1:00 S
2009Rule Port 1942 only - Apr 25 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer
2010Rule Port 1942 only - Aug 15 22:00s 1:00 S
2011Rule Port 1942 1945 - Oct Sat>=24 23:00s 0 -
2012Rule Port 1943 only - Apr 17 22:00s 2:00 M
2013Rule Port 1943 1945 - Aug Sat>=25 22:00s 1:00 S
2014Rule Port 1944 1945 - Apr Sat>=21 22:00s 2:00 M
2015Rule Port 1946 only - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 S
2016Rule Port 1946 only - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
2017Rule Port 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
2018Rule Port 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
2019# Shanks & Pottenger say DST was observed in 1950; go with Whitman.
2020# Whitman gives Oct lastSun for 1952 on; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2021Rule Port 1951 1965 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
2022Rule Port 1951 1965 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
2023Rule Port 1977 only - Mar 27 0:00s 1:00 S
2024Rule Port 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00s 0 -
2025Rule Port 1978 1979 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 S
2026Rule Port 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
2027Rule Port 1979 1982 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
2028Rule Port 1980 only - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S
2029Rule Port 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
2030Rule Port 1983 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
| 1983# From Rui Pedro Salgueiro (1992-11-12):
1984# Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone
1985# (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC.
1986#
1987# Martin Bruckmann (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve
1988# that Portugal is reverting to 0:00 by not moving its clocks this spring.
1989# The new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter.
1990#
1991# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-12):
1992# IATA SSIM (1991-09) reports several 1991-09 and 1992-09 transitions
1993# at 02:00u, not 01:00u. Assume that these are typos.
1994# IATA SSIM (1991/1992) reports that the Azores were at -1:00.
1995# IATA SSIM (1993-02) says +0:00; later issues (through 1996-09) say -1:00.
1996# Guess that the Azores changed to EU rules in 1992 (since that's when Portugal
1997# harmonized with the EU), and that they stayed +0:00 that winter.
1998#
1999# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2000# DSH writes that despite Decree 1,469 (1915), the change to the clocks was not
2001# done every year, depending on what Spain did, because of railroad schedules.
2002# Go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2003Rule Port 1916 only - Jun 17 23:00 1:00 S
2004# Whitman gives 1916 Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2005Rule Port 1916 only - Nov 1 1:00 0 -
2006Rule Port 1917 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S
2007Rule Port 1917 1921 - Oct 14 23:00s 0 -
2008Rule Port 1918 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
2009Rule Port 1919 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S
2010Rule Port 1920 only - Feb 29 23:00s 1:00 S
2011Rule Port 1921 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S
2012Rule Port 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S
2013Rule Port 1924 only - Oct 14 23:00s 0 -
2014Rule Port 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S
2015Rule Port 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
2016Rule Port 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S
2017Rule Port 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S
2018Rule Port 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S
2019Rule Port 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S
2020# Whitman gives 1931 Oct 8; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2021Rule Port 1931 1932 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
2022Rule Port 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S
2023Rule Port 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S
2024# Whitman gives 1934 Oct 5; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2025Rule Port 1934 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
2026# Shanks & Pottenger give 1935 Apr 30; go with Whitman.
2027Rule Port 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S
2028Rule Port 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S
2029# Whitman gives 1937 Apr 2; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2030Rule Port 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S
2031Rule Port 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S
2032Rule Port 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
2033# Whitman gives 1939 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2034Rule Port 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 -
2035Rule Port 1940 only - Feb 24 23:00s 1:00 S
2036# Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Oct 7; go with Whitman.
2037Rule Port 1940 1941 - Oct 5 23:00s 0 -
2038Rule Port 1941 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S
2039Rule Port 1942 1945 - Mar Sat>=8 23:00s 1:00 S
2040Rule Port 1942 only - Apr 25 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer
2041Rule Port 1942 only - Aug 15 22:00s 1:00 S
2042Rule Port 1942 1945 - Oct Sat>=24 23:00s 0 -
2043Rule Port 1943 only - Apr 17 22:00s 2:00 M
2044Rule Port 1943 1945 - Aug Sat>=25 22:00s 1:00 S
2045Rule Port 1944 1945 - Apr Sat>=21 22:00s 2:00 M
2046Rule Port 1946 only - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 S
2047Rule Port 1946 only - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
2048Rule Port 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
2049Rule Port 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
2050# Shanks & Pottenger say DST was observed in 1950; go with Whitman.
2051# Whitman gives Oct lastSun for 1952 on; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2052Rule Port 1951 1965 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
2053Rule Port 1951 1965 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
2054Rule Port 1977 only - Mar 27 0:00s 1:00 S
2055Rule Port 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00s 0 -
2056Rule Port 1978 1979 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 S
2057Rule Port 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
2058Rule Port 1979 1982 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
2059Rule Port 1980 only - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S
2060Rule Port 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
2061Rule Port 1983 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
|
| 2062#
|
2031# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
| 2063# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
2032# Shanks & Pottenger say the transition from LMT to WET occurred 1911-05-24;
2033# Willett says 1912-01-01. Go with Willett.
2034Zone Europe/Lisbon -0:36:32 - LMT 1884
2035 -0:36:32 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 # Lisbon Mean Time
2036 0:00 Port WE%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00
2037 1:00 - CET 1976 Sep 26 1:00
2038 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
2039 0:00 W-Eur WE%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s
2040 1:00 EU CE%sT 1996 Mar 31 1:00u
| 2064Zone Europe/Lisbon -0:36:45 - LMT 1884
2065 -0:36:45 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 # Lisbon Mean Time
2066 0:00 Port WE%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00
2067 1:00 - CET 1976 Sep 26 1:00
2068 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
2069 0:00 W-Eur WE%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s
2070 1:00 EU CE%sT 1996 Mar 31 1:00u
|
2041 0:00 EU WE%sT
| 2071 0:00 EU WE%sT
|
2042Zone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada
2043 -1:54:32 - HMT 1911 May 24 # Horta Mean Time
2044 -2:00 Port AZO%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Azores Time
2045 -1:00 Port AZO%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
2046 -1:00 W-Eur AZO%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s
2047 0:00 EU WE%sT 1993 Mar 28 1:00u
| 2072Zone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada
2073 -1:54:32 - HMT 1912 Jan 1 # Horta Mean Time
2074 -2:00 Port AZO%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Azores Time
2075 -1:00 Port AZO%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
2076 -1:00 W-Eur AZO%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s
2077 0:00 EU WE%sT 1993 Mar 28 1:00u
|
2048 -1:00 EU AZO%sT
| 2078 -1:00 EU AZO%sT
|
2049Zone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal
2050 -1:07:36 - FMT 1911 May 24 # Funchal Mean Time
2051 -1:00 Port MAD%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Madeira Time
2052 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
| 2079Zone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal
2080 -1:07:36 - FMT 1912 Jan 1 # Funchal Mean Time
2081 -1:00 Port MAD%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Madeira Time
2082 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
|
2053 0:00 EU WE%sT
2054
2055# Romania
2056#
2057# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-07):
2058# Nine O'clock <http://www.nineoclock.ro/POL/1778pol.html>
2059# (1998-10-23) reports that the switch occurred at
2060# 04:00 local time in fall 1998. For lack of better info,
2061# assume that Romania and Moldova switched to EU rules in 1997,
2062# the same year as Bulgaria.
2063#
2064# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2065Rule Romania 1932 only - May 21 0:00s 1:00 S
2066Rule Romania 1932 1939 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 -
2067Rule Romania 1933 1939 - Apr Sun>=2 0:00s 1:00 S
2068Rule Romania 1979 only - May 27 0:00 1:00 S
2069Rule Romania 1979 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
2070Rule Romania 1980 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S
2071Rule Romania 1980 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
2072Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S
2073Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
2074# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2075Zone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct
| 2083 0:00 EU WE%sT
2084
2085# Romania
2086#
2087# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-07):
2088# Nine O'clock <http://www.nineoclock.ro/POL/1778pol.html>
2089# (1998-10-23) reports that the switch occurred at
2090# 04:00 local time in fall 1998. For lack of better info,
2091# assume that Romania and Moldova switched to EU rules in 1997,
2092# the same year as Bulgaria.
2093#
2094# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2095Rule Romania 1932 only - May 21 0:00s 1:00 S
2096Rule Romania 1932 1939 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 -
2097Rule Romania 1933 1939 - Apr Sun>=2 0:00s 1:00 S
2098Rule Romania 1979 only - May 27 0:00 1:00 S
2099Rule Romania 1979 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
2100Rule Romania 1980 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S
2101Rule Romania 1980 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
2102Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S
2103Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
2104# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2105Zone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct
|
2076 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
2077 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00s
| 2106 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
2107 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00s
|
2078 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991
2079 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1994
2080 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997
2081 2:00 EU EE%sT
2082
2083
2084# Russia
2085
2086# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-09-15):
2087# Based on last Russian Government Decree # 725 on August 31, 2011
2088# (Government document
2089# http://www.government.ru/gov/results/16355/print/
2090# in Russian)
2091# there are few corrections have to be made for some Russian time zones...
2092# All updated Russian Time Zones were placed in table and translated to English
2093# by WorldTimeZone.com at the link below:
2094# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia36.htm
2095
2096# From Sanjeev Gupta (2011-09-27):
2097# Scans of [Decree #23 of January 8, 1992] are available at:
2098# http://government.consultant.ru/page.aspx?1223966
2099# They are in Cyrillic letters (presumably Russian).
2100
2101# From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09):
2102# Regarding the instant when clocks in time-zone-shifting parts of Russia
2103# changed in September 2011:
2104#
2105# One source is
2106# http://government.ru/gov/results/16355/
2107# which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Decree of August 31,
2108# 2011 No 725" and contains no other dates or "effective date" information.
2109#
2110# Another source is
2111# http://www.rg.ru/2011/09/06/chas-zona-dok.html
2112# which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Resolution of the
2113# Government of the Russian Federation on August 31, 2011 N 725" and also
2114# contains "Date first official publication: September 6, 2011 Posted on:
2115# in the 'RG' - Federal Issue number 5573 September 6, 2011" but which
2116# does not contain any "effective date" information.
2117#
2118# Another source is
2119# http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oymyakonsky_District#cite_note-RuTime-7
2120# which, in note 8, contains "Resolution #725 of August 31, 2011...
2121# Effective as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication"
2122# but which does not contain any reference to September 6, 2011.
2123#
2124# The Wikipedia article refers to
2125# http://base.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc;base=LAW;n=118896
2126# which seems to copy the text of the government.ru page.
2127#
2128# Tobias Conradi combines Wikipedia's
2129# "as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication"
2130# with www.rg.ru's "Date of first official publication: September 6, 2011" to
2131# get September 13, 2011 as the cutover date (unusually, a Tuesday, as Tobias
2132# Conradi notes).
2133#
2134# None of the sources indicates a time of day for changing clocks.
2135#
2136# Go with 2011-09-13 0:00s.
2137
2138# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-01):
2139# According to the Russian news (ITAR-TASS News Agency)
2140# http://en.itar-tass.com/russia/738562
2141# the State Duma has approved ... the draft bill on returning to
2142# winter time standard and return Russia 11 time zones. The new
2143# regulations will come into effect on October 26, 2014 at 02:00 ...
2144# http://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/%28Spravka%29?OpenAgent&RN=431985-6&02
2145# Here is a link where we put together table (based on approved Bill N
2146# 431985-6) with proposed 11 Russian time zones and corresponding
2147# areas/cities/administrative centers in the Russian Federation (in English):
2148# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia65.html
2149#
2150# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-22):
2151# Putin signed the Federal Law 431985-6 ... (in Russian)
2152# http://itar-tass.com/obschestvo/1333711
2153# http://www.pravo.gov.ru:8080/page.aspx?111660
2154# http://www.kremlin.ru/acts/46279
2155# From October 26, 2014 the new Russian time zone map will looks like this:
2156# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia-map-2014-07.html
2157
2158# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
2159# Except for Moscow after 1919-07-01, I invented the time zone abbreviations.
2160# Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991,
2161# are from Andrey A. Chernov. The rest is from Shanks & Pottenger,
2162# except we follow Chernov's report that 1992 DST transitions were Sat
2163# 23:00, not Sun 02:00s.
2164#
2165# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski (1994-06-29):
2166# But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow!
2167# I do not know why they have decided to make this change;
2168# as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching
2169# so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch.
2170#
2171# From Andrey A. Chernov (1996-10-04):
2172# 'MSK' and 'MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with
2173# UNIX-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group)....
2174# The next step was the UUCP network, the Relcom predecessor
2175# (used mainly for mail), and MSK/MSD was actively used there.
2176#
2177# From Chris Carrier (1996-10-30):
2178# According to a friend of mine who rode the Trans-Siberian Railroad from
2179# Moscow to Irkutsk in 1995, public air and rail transport in Russia ...
2180# still follows Moscow time, no matter where in Russia it is located.
2181#
2182# For Grozny, Chechnya, we have the following story from
2183# John Daniszewski, "Scavengers in the Rubble", Los Angeles Times (2001-02-07):
2184# News - often false - is spread by word of mouth. A rumor that it was
2185# time to move the clocks back put this whole city out of sync with
2186# the rest of Russia for two weeks - even soldiers stationed here began
2187# enforcing curfew at the wrong time.
2188#
2189# From Gwillim Law (2001-06-05):
2190# There's considerable evidence that Sakhalin Island used to be in
2191# UTC+11, and has changed to UTC+10, in this decade. I start with the
2192# SSIM, which listed Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk in zone RU10 along with Magadan
2193# until February 1997, and then in RU9 with Khabarovsk and Vladivostok
2194# since September 1997.... Although the Kuril Islands are
2195# administratively part of Sakhalin oblast', they appear to have
2196# remained on UTC+11 along with Magadan.
2197
2198# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
2199# The comments detailing the coverage of each Russian zone are meant to assist
2200# with maintenance only and represent our best guesses as to which regions
2201# are covered by each zone. They are not meant to be taken as an authoritative
2202# listing. The region codes listed come from
2203# http://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Federal_subjects_of_Russia&oldid=611810498
2204# and are used for convenience only; no guarantees are made regarding their
2205# future stability. ISO 3166-2:RU codes are also listed for first-level
2206# divisions where available.
2207
2208# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2209
2210
2211# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
2212# Europe/Kaliningrad covers...
| 2108 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991
2109 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1994
2110 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997
2111 2:00 EU EE%sT
2112
2113
2114# Russia
2115
2116# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-09-15):
2117# Based on last Russian Government Decree # 725 on August 31, 2011
2118# (Government document
2119# http://www.government.ru/gov/results/16355/print/
2120# in Russian)
2121# there are few corrections have to be made for some Russian time zones...
2122# All updated Russian Time Zones were placed in table and translated to English
2123# by WorldTimeZone.com at the link below:
2124# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia36.htm
2125
2126# From Sanjeev Gupta (2011-09-27):
2127# Scans of [Decree #23 of January 8, 1992] are available at:
2128# http://government.consultant.ru/page.aspx?1223966
2129# They are in Cyrillic letters (presumably Russian).
2130
2131# From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09):
2132# Regarding the instant when clocks in time-zone-shifting parts of Russia
2133# changed in September 2011:
2134#
2135# One source is
2136# http://government.ru/gov/results/16355/
2137# which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Decree of August 31,
2138# 2011 No 725" and contains no other dates or "effective date" information.
2139#
2140# Another source is
2141# http://www.rg.ru/2011/09/06/chas-zona-dok.html
2142# which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Resolution of the
2143# Government of the Russian Federation on August 31, 2011 N 725" and also
2144# contains "Date first official publication: September 6, 2011 Posted on:
2145# in the 'RG' - Federal Issue number 5573 September 6, 2011" but which
2146# does not contain any "effective date" information.
2147#
2148# Another source is
2149# http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oymyakonsky_District#cite_note-RuTime-7
2150# which, in note 8, contains "Resolution #725 of August 31, 2011...
2151# Effective as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication"
2152# but which does not contain any reference to September 6, 2011.
2153#
2154# The Wikipedia article refers to
2155# http://base.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc;base=LAW;n=118896
2156# which seems to copy the text of the government.ru page.
2157#
2158# Tobias Conradi combines Wikipedia's
2159# "as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication"
2160# with www.rg.ru's "Date of first official publication: September 6, 2011" to
2161# get September 13, 2011 as the cutover date (unusually, a Tuesday, as Tobias
2162# Conradi notes).
2163#
2164# None of the sources indicates a time of day for changing clocks.
2165#
2166# Go with 2011-09-13 0:00s.
2167
2168# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-01):
2169# According to the Russian news (ITAR-TASS News Agency)
2170# http://en.itar-tass.com/russia/738562
2171# the State Duma has approved ... the draft bill on returning to
2172# winter time standard and return Russia 11 time zones. The new
2173# regulations will come into effect on October 26, 2014 at 02:00 ...
2174# http://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/%28Spravka%29?OpenAgent&RN=431985-6&02
2175# Here is a link where we put together table (based on approved Bill N
2176# 431985-6) with proposed 11 Russian time zones and corresponding
2177# areas/cities/administrative centers in the Russian Federation (in English):
2178# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia65.html
2179#
2180# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-22):
2181# Putin signed the Federal Law 431985-6 ... (in Russian)
2182# http://itar-tass.com/obschestvo/1333711
2183# http://www.pravo.gov.ru:8080/page.aspx?111660
2184# http://www.kremlin.ru/acts/46279
2185# From October 26, 2014 the new Russian time zone map will looks like this:
2186# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia-map-2014-07.html
2187
2188# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
2189# Except for Moscow after 1919-07-01, I invented the time zone abbreviations.
2190# Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991,
2191# are from Andrey A. Chernov. The rest is from Shanks & Pottenger,
2192# except we follow Chernov's report that 1992 DST transitions were Sat
2193# 23:00, not Sun 02:00s.
2194#
2195# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski (1994-06-29):
2196# But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow!
2197# I do not know why they have decided to make this change;
2198# as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching
2199# so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch.
2200#
2201# From Andrey A. Chernov (1996-10-04):
2202# 'MSK' and 'MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with
2203# UNIX-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group)....
2204# The next step was the UUCP network, the Relcom predecessor
2205# (used mainly for mail), and MSK/MSD was actively used there.
2206#
2207# From Chris Carrier (1996-10-30):
2208# According to a friend of mine who rode the Trans-Siberian Railroad from
2209# Moscow to Irkutsk in 1995, public air and rail transport in Russia ...
2210# still follows Moscow time, no matter where in Russia it is located.
2211#
2212# For Grozny, Chechnya, we have the following story from
2213# John Daniszewski, "Scavengers in the Rubble", Los Angeles Times (2001-02-07):
2214# News - often false - is spread by word of mouth. A rumor that it was
2215# time to move the clocks back put this whole city out of sync with
2216# the rest of Russia for two weeks - even soldiers stationed here began
2217# enforcing curfew at the wrong time.
2218#
2219# From Gwillim Law (2001-06-05):
2220# There's considerable evidence that Sakhalin Island used to be in
2221# UTC+11, and has changed to UTC+10, in this decade. I start with the
2222# SSIM, which listed Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk in zone RU10 along with Magadan
2223# until February 1997, and then in RU9 with Khabarovsk and Vladivostok
2224# since September 1997.... Although the Kuril Islands are
2225# administratively part of Sakhalin oblast', they appear to have
2226# remained on UTC+11 along with Magadan.
2227
2228# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
2229# The comments detailing the coverage of each Russian zone are meant to assist
2230# with maintenance only and represent our best guesses as to which regions
2231# are covered by each zone. They are not meant to be taken as an authoritative
2232# listing. The region codes listed come from
2233# http://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Federal_subjects_of_Russia&oldid=611810498
2234# and are used for convenience only; no guarantees are made regarding their
2235# future stability. ISO 3166-2:RU codes are also listed for first-level
2236# divisions where available.
2237
2238# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2239
2240
2241# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
2242# Europe/Kaliningrad covers...
|
2213# 39 RU-KGD Kaliningrad Oblast
| 2243# 39 RU-KGD Kaliningrad Oblast
|
2214
2215Zone Europe/Kaliningrad 1:22:00 - LMT 1893 Apr
2216 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945
2217 2:00 Poland CE%sT 1946
| 2244
2245Zone Europe/Kaliningrad 1:22:00 - LMT 1893 Apr
2246 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945
2247 2:00 Poland CE%sT 1946
|
2218 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2219 2:00 Russia EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2220 3:00 - FET 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
| 2248 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2249 2:00 Russia EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2250 3:00 - FET 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
|
2221 2:00 - EET
2222
2223
2224# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
2225# Europe/Moscow covers...
| 2251 2:00 - EET
2252
2253
2254# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
2255# Europe/Moscow covers...
|
2226# 01 RU-AD Adygea, Republic of
2227# 05 RU-DA Dagestan, Republic of
2228# 06 RU-IN Ingushetia, Republic of
2229# 07 RU-KB Kabardino-Balkar Republic
2230# 08 RU-KL Kalmykia, Republic of
2231# 09 RU-KC Karachay-Cherkess Republic
2232# 10 RU-KR Karelia, Republic of
2233# 11 RU-KO Komi Republic
2234# 12 RU-ME Mari El Republic
2235# 13 RU-MO Mordovia, Republic of
2236# 15 RU-SE North Ossetia-Alania, Republic of
2237# 16 RU-TA Tatarstan, Republic of
2238# 20 RU-CE Chechen Republic
2239# 21 RU-CU Chuvash Republic
2240# 23 RU-KDA Krasnodar Krai
2241# 26 RU-STA Stavropol Krai
2242# 29 RU-ARK Arkhangelsk Oblast
2243# 31 RU-BEL Belgorod Oblast
2244# 32 RU-BRY Bryansk Oblast
2245# 33 RU-VLA Vladimir Oblast
2246# 35 RU-VLG Vologda Oblast
2247# 36 RU-VOR Voronezh Oblast
2248# 37 RU-IVA Ivanovo Oblast
2249# 40 RU-KLU Kaluga Oblast
2250# 44 RU-KOS Kostroma Oblast
2251# 46 RU-KRS Kursk Oblast
2252# 47 RU-LEN Leningrad Oblast
2253# 48 RU-LIP Lipetsk Oblast
2254# 50 RU-MOS Moscow Oblast
2255# 51 RU-MUR Murmansk Oblast
2256# 52 RU-NIZ Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
2257# 53 RU-NGR Novgorod Oblast
2258# 57 RU-ORL Oryol Oblast
2259# 58 RU-PNZ Penza Oblast
2260# 60 RU-PSK Pskov Oblast
2261# 61 RU-ROS Rostov Oblast
2262# 62 RU-RYA Ryazan Oblast
2263# 67 RU-SMO Smolensk Oblast
2264# 68 RU-TAM Tambov Oblast
2265# 69 RU-TVE Tver Oblast
2266# 71 RU-TUL Tula Oblast
2267# 73 RU-ULY Ulyanovsk Oblast
2268# 76 RU-YAR Yaroslavl Oblast
2269# 77 RU-MOW Moscow
2270# 78 RU-SPE Saint Petersburg
2271# 83 RU-NEN Nenets Autonomous Okrug
| 2256# 01 RU-AD Adygea, Republic of
2257# 05 RU-DA Dagestan, Republic of
2258# 06 RU-IN Ingushetia, Republic of
2259# 07 RU-KB Kabardino-Balkar Republic
2260# 08 RU-KL Kalmykia, Republic of
2261# 09 RU-KC Karachay-Cherkess Republic
2262# 10 RU-KR Karelia, Republic of
2263# 11 RU-KO Komi Republic
2264# 12 RU-ME Mari El Republic
2265# 13 RU-MO Mordovia, Republic of
2266# 15 RU-SE North Ossetia-Alania, Republic of
2267# 16 RU-TA Tatarstan, Republic of
2268# 20 RU-CE Chechen Republic
2269# 21 RU-CU Chuvash Republic
2270# 23 RU-KDA Krasnodar Krai
2271# 26 RU-STA Stavropol Krai
2272# 29 RU-ARK Arkhangelsk Oblast
2273# 31 RU-BEL Belgorod Oblast
2274# 32 RU-BRY Bryansk Oblast
2275# 33 RU-VLA Vladimir Oblast
2276# 35 RU-VLG Vologda Oblast
2277# 36 RU-VOR Voronezh Oblast
2278# 37 RU-IVA Ivanovo Oblast
2279# 40 RU-KLU Kaluga Oblast
2280# 44 RU-KOS Kostroma Oblast
2281# 46 RU-KRS Kursk Oblast
2282# 47 RU-LEN Leningrad Oblast
2283# 48 RU-LIP Lipetsk Oblast
2284# 50 RU-MOS Moscow Oblast
2285# 51 RU-MUR Murmansk Oblast
2286# 52 RU-NIZ Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
2287# 53 RU-NGR Novgorod Oblast
2288# 57 RU-ORL Oryol Oblast
2289# 58 RU-PNZ Penza Oblast
2290# 60 RU-PSK Pskov Oblast
2291# 61 RU-ROS Rostov Oblast
2292# 62 RU-RYA Ryazan Oblast
2293# 67 RU-SMO Smolensk Oblast
2294# 68 RU-TAM Tambov Oblast
2295# 69 RU-TVE Tver Oblast
2296# 71 RU-TUL Tula Oblast
2297# 73 RU-ULY Ulyanovsk Oblast
2298# 76 RU-YAR Yaroslavl Oblast
2299# 77 RU-MOW Moscow
2300# 78 RU-SPE Saint Petersburg
2301# 83 RU-NEN Nenets Autonomous Okrug
|
2272
2273# From Vladimir Karpinsky (2014-07-08):
2274# LMT in Moscow (before Jul 3, 1916) is 2:30:17, that was defined by Moscow
2275# Observatory (coordinates: 55 deg. 45'29.70", 37 deg. 34'05.30")....
2276# LMT in Moscow since Jul 3, 1916 is 2:31:01 as a result of new standard.
| 2302
2303# From Vladimir Karpinsky (2014-07-08):
2304# LMT in Moscow (before Jul 3, 1916) is 2:30:17, that was defined by Moscow
2305# Observatory (coordinates: 55 deg. 45'29.70", 37 deg. 34'05.30")....
2306# LMT in Moscow since Jul 3, 1916 is 2:31:01 as a result of new standard.
|
2277# (The info is from the book by Byalokoz E.L. New Counting of Time in Russia
2278# since July 1, 1919, p. 18.) The time in St. Petersburg as capital of Russia
2279# was defined by Pulkov observatory, near St. Petersburg. In 1916 LMT Moscow
| 2307# (The info is from the book by Byalokoz ... p. 18.)
2308# The time in St. Petersburg as capital of Russia was defined by
2309# Pulkov observatory, near St. Petersburg. In 1916 LMT Moscow
|
2280# was synchronized with LMT St. Petersburg (+30 minutes), (Pulkov observatory
2281# coordinates: 59 deg. 46'18.70", 30 deg. 19'40.70") so 30 deg. 19'40.70" >
2282# 2h01m18.7s = 2:01:19. LMT Moscow = LMT St.Petersburg + 30m 2:01:19 + 0:30 =
2283# 2:31:19 ...
2284#
2285# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08):
2286# Milne does not list Moscow, but suggests that its time might be listed in
2287# R��sum��s mensuels et annuels des observations m��t��orologiques (1895).
2288# Presumably this is OCLC 85825704, a journal published with parallel text in
2289# Russian and French. This source has not been located; go with Karpinsky.
2290
2291Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:17 - LMT 1880
2292 2:30:17 - MMT 1916 Jul 3 # Moscow Mean Time
| 2310# was synchronized with LMT St. Petersburg (+30 minutes), (Pulkov observatory
2311# coordinates: 59 deg. 46'18.70", 30 deg. 19'40.70") so 30 deg. 19'40.70" >
2312# 2h01m18.7s = 2:01:19. LMT Moscow = LMT St.Petersburg + 30m 2:01:19 + 0:30 =
2313# 2:31:19 ...
2314#
2315# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08):
2316# Milne does not list Moscow, but suggests that its time might be listed in
2317# R��sum��s mensuels et annuels des observations m��t��orologiques (1895).
2318# Presumably this is OCLC 85825704, a journal published with parallel text in
2319# Russian and French. This source has not been located; go with Karpinsky.
2320
2321Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:17 - LMT 1880
2322 2:30:17 - MMT 1916 Jul 3 # Moscow Mean Time
|
2293 2:31:19 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 2:00
| 2323 2:31:19 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 2:00
|
2294 3:00 Russia %s 1921 Oct
2295 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1922 Oct
2296 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
| 2324 3:00 Russia %s 1921 Oct
2325 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1922 Oct
2326 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
|
2297 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2298 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2299 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2300 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
| 2327 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2328 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2329 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2330 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
|
2301 3:00 - MSK
2302
2303
2304# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
2305# Europe/Simferopol covers...
2306# ** **** Crimea, Republic of
2307# ** **** Sevastopol
2308
2309Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880
2310 2:16 - SMT 1924 May 2 # Simferopol Mean T
2311 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
2312 3:00 - MSK 1941 Nov
2313 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Apr 13
2314 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
| 2331 3:00 - MSK
2332
2333
2334# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
2335# Europe/Simferopol covers...
2336# ** **** Crimea, Republic of
2337# ** **** Sevastopol
2338
2339Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880
2340 2:16 - SMT 1924 May 2 # Simferopol Mean T
2341 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
2342 3:00 - MSK 1941 Nov
2343 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Apr 13
2344 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
|
2315 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00
| 2345 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00
|
2316 2:00 - EET 1992
2317# Central Crimea used Moscow time 1994/1997.
2318#
2319# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
2320# The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that central Crimea switched
2321# from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections.
2322# Shanks (1999) says "date of change uncertain", but implies that it happened
2323# sometime between the 1994 DST switches. Shanks & Pottenger simply say
2324# 1994-09-25 03:00, but that can't be right. For now, guess it
2325# changed in May.
2326 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1994 May
2327# From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev.
| 2346 2:00 - EET 1992
2347# Central Crimea used Moscow time 1994/1997.
2348#
2349# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
2350# The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that central Crimea switched
2351# from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections.
2352# Shanks (1999) says "date of change uncertain", but implies that it happened
2353# sometime between the 1994 DST switches. Shanks & Pottenger simply say
2354# 1994-09-25 03:00, but that can't be right. For now, guess it
2355# changed in May.
2356 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1994 May
2357# From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev.
|
2328 3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 Mar 31 3:00s
2329 3:00 1:00 MSD 1996 Oct 27 3:00s
| 2358 3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 Mar 31 3:00s
2359 3:00 1:00 MSD 1996 Oct 27 3:00s
|
2330# IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST.
2331# Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks.
2332 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1997
| 2360# IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST.
2361# Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks.
2362 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1997
|
2333 3:00 - MSK 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u
| 2363 3:00 - MSK 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u
|
2334# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-03-17):
2335# time change at 2:00 (2am) on March 30, 2014
2336# http://vz.ru/news/2014/3/17/677464.html
2337# From Paul Eggert (2014-03-30):
2338# Simferopol and Sevastopol reportedly changed their central town clocks
2339# late the previous day, but this appears to have been ceremonial
2340# and the discrepancies are small enough to not worry about.
| 2364# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-03-17):
2365# time change at 2:00 (2am) on March 30, 2014
2366# http://vz.ru/news/2014/3/17/677464.html
2367# From Paul Eggert (2014-03-30):
2368# Simferopol and Sevastopol reportedly changed their central town clocks
2369# late the previous day, but this appears to have been ceremonial
2370# and the discrepancies are small enough to not worry about.
|
2341 2:00 EU EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 2:00
2342 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
| 2371 2:00 EU EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 2:00
2372 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
|
2343 3:00 - MSK
2344
2345
2346# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
2347# Europe/Volgograd covers...
| 2373 3:00 - MSK
2374
2375
2376# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
2377# Europe/Volgograd covers...
|
2348# 30 RU-AST Astrakhan Oblast
2349# 34 RU-VGG Volgograd Oblast
2350# 43 RU-KIR Kirov Oblast
2351# 64 RU-SAR Saratov Oblast
| 2378# 30 RU-AST Astrakhan Oblast
2379# 34 RU-VGG Volgograd Oblast
2380# 43 RU-KIR Kirov Oblast
2381# 64 RU-SAR Saratov Oblast
|
2352
2353# From Paul Eggert (2006-05-09):
2354# Shanks & Pottenger say Kirov is still at +0400 but Wikipedia says +0300.
2355# Perhaps it switched after the others? But we have no data.
2356
2357Zone Europe/Volgograd 2:57:40 - LMT 1920 Jan 3
2358 3:00 - TSAT 1925 Apr 6 # Tsaritsyn Time
2359 3:00 - STAT 1930 Jun 21 # Stalingrad Time
2360 4:00 - STAT 1961 Nov 11
| 2382
2383# From Paul Eggert (2006-05-09):
2384# Shanks & Pottenger say Kirov is still at +0400 but Wikipedia says +0300.
2385# Perhaps it switched after the others? But we have no data.
2386
2387Zone Europe/Volgograd 2:57:40 - LMT 1920 Jan 3
2388 3:00 - TSAT 1925 Apr 6 # Tsaritsyn Time
2389 3:00 - STAT 1930 Jun 21 # Stalingrad Time
2390 4:00 - STAT 1961 Nov 11
|
2361 4:00 Russia VOL%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Volgograd T
2362 3:00 Russia VOL%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2363 4:00 - VOLT 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
2364 3:00 Russia MSK 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2365 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
| 2391 4:00 Russia VOL%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Volgograd T
2392 3:00 Russia VOL%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2393 4:00 - VOLT 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
2394 3:00 Russia MSK 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2395 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
|
2366 3:00 - MSK
2367
2368
2369# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
2370# Europe/Samara covers...
| 2396 3:00 - MSK
2397
2398
2399# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
2400# Europe/Samara covers...
|
2371# 18 RU-UD Udmurt Republic
2372# 63 RU-SAM Samara Oblast
| 2401# 18 RU-UD Udmurt Republic
2402# 63 RU-SAM Samara Oblast
|
2373
| 2403
|
2374Zone Europe/Samara 3:20:36 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 2:00
| 2404# Byalokoz 1919 says Samara was 3:20:20.
2405
2406Zone Europe/Samara 3:20:20 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 2:00
|
2375 3:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21
2376 4:00 - SAMT 1935 Jan 27
| 2407 3:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21
2408 4:00 - SAMT 1935 Jan 27
|
2377 4:00 Russia KUY%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Kuybyshev
2378 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2379 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
2380 3:00 - KUYT 1991 Oct 20 3:00
2381 4:00 Russia SAM%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s # Samara Time
2382 3:00 Russia SAM%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
| 2409 4:00 Russia KUY%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Kuybyshev
2410 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2411 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
2412 3:00 - KUYT 1991 Oct 20 3:00
2413 4:00 Russia SAM%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s # Samara Time
2414 3:00 Russia SAM%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
|
2383 4:00 - SAMT
2384
2385
2386# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
2387# Asia/Yekaterinburg covers...
| 2415 4:00 - SAMT
2416
2417
2418# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
2419# Asia/Yekaterinburg covers...
|
2388# 02 RU-BA Bashkortostan, Republic of
2389# 90 RU-PER Perm Krai
2390# 45 RU-KGN Kurgan Oblast
2391# 56 RU-ORE Orenburg Oblast
2392# 66 RU-SVE Sverdlovsk Oblast
2393# 72 RU-TYU Tyumen Oblast
2394# 74 RU-CHE Chelyabinsk Oblast
2395# 86 RU-KHM Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra
2396# 89 RU-YAN Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug
| 2420# 02 RU-BA Bashkortostan, Republic of
2421# 90 RU-PER Perm Krai
2422# 45 RU-KGN Kurgan Oblast
2423# 56 RU-ORE Orenburg Oblast
2424# 66 RU-SVE Sverdlovsk Oblast
2425# 72 RU-TYU Tyumen Oblast
2426# 74 RU-CHE Chelyabinsk Oblast
2427# 86 RU-KHM Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra
2428# 89 RU-YAN Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug
|
2397#
2398# Note: Effective 2005-12-01, (59) Perm Oblast and (81) Komi-Permyak
2399# Autonomous Okrug merged to form (90, RU-PER) Perm Krai.
2400
| 2429#
2430# Note: Effective 2005-12-01, (59) Perm Oblast and (81) Komi-Permyak
2431# Autonomous Okrug merged to form (90, RU-PER) Perm Krai.
2432
|
2401# Milne says Yekaterinburg time was 4:02:32.9; round to nearest.
| 2433# Milne says Yekaterinburg was 4:02:32.9; round to nearest.
2434# Byalokoz 1919 says its provincial time was based on Perm, at 3:45:05.
2435# Assume it switched on 1916-07-03, the time of the new standard.
2436# The 1919 and 1930 transitions are from Shanks.
|
2402
| 2437
|
2403Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:33 - LMT 1919 Jul 15 4:00
| 2438Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:33 - LMT 1916 Jul 3
2439 3:45:05 - PMT 1919 Jul 15 4:00
|
2404 4:00 - SVET 1930 Jun 21 # Sverdlovsk Time
| 2440 4:00 - SVET 1930 Jun 21 # Sverdlovsk Time
|
2405 5:00 Russia SVE%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2406 4:00 Russia SVE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2407 5:00 Russia YEK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2408 6:00 - YEKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
| 2441 5:00 Russia SVE%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2442 4:00 Russia SVE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2443 5:00 Russia YEK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2444 6:00 - YEKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
|
2409 5:00 - YEKT
2410
2411
2412# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
2413# Asia/Omsk covers...
| 2445 5:00 - YEKT
2446
2447
2448# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
2449# Asia/Omsk covers...
|
2414# 04 RU-AL Altai Republic
2415# 22 RU-ALT Altai Krai
2416# 55 RU-OMS Omsk Oblast
| 2450# 04 RU-AL Altai Republic
2451# 22 RU-ALT Altai Krai
2452# 55 RU-OMS Omsk Oblast
|
2417
| 2453
|
2418Zone Asia/Omsk 4:53:36 - LMT 1919 Nov 14
| 2454# Byalokoz 1919 says Omsk was 4:53:30.
2455
2456Zone Asia/Omsk 4:53:30 - LMT 1919 Nov 14
|
2419 5:00 - OMST 1930 Jun 21 # Omsk Time
| 2457 5:00 - OMST 1930 Jun 21 # Omsk Time
|
2420 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2421 5:00 Russia OMS%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2422 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2423 7:00 - OMST 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
| 2458 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2459 5:00 Russia OMS%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2460 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2461 7:00 - OMST 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
|
2424 6:00 - OMST
2425
2426
2427# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
2428# Asia/Novosibirsk covers...
| 2462 6:00 - OMST
2463
2464
2465# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
2466# Asia/Novosibirsk covers...
|
2429# 54 RU-NVS Novosibirsk Oblast
2430# 70 RU-TOM Tomsk Oblast
| 2467# 54 RU-NVS Novosibirsk Oblast
2468# 70 RU-TOM Tomsk Oblast
|
2431
2432# From Paul Eggert (2006-08-19): I'm guessing about Tomsk here; it's
2433# not clear when it switched from +7 to +6.
2434
| 2469
2470# From Paul Eggert (2006-08-19): I'm guessing about Tomsk here; it's
2471# not clear when it switched from +7 to +6.
2472
|
2435Zone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 14 6:00
| 2473Zone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 14 6:00
|
2436 6:00 - NOVT 1930 Jun 21 # Novosibirsk Time
| 2474 6:00 - NOVT 1930 Jun 21 # Novosibirsk Time
|
2437 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2438 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
| 2475 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2476 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
|
2439 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1993 May 23 # say Shanks & P.
| 2477 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1993 May 23 # say Shanks & P.
|
2440 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2441 7:00 - NOVT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
| 2478 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2479 7:00 - NOVT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
|
2442 6:00 - NOVT
2443
2444
2445# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
2446# Asia/Novokuznetsk covers...
| 2480 6:00 - NOVT
2481
2482
2483# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
2484# Asia/Novokuznetsk covers...
|
2447# 42 RU-KEM Kemerovo Oblast
| 2485# 42 RU-KEM Kemerovo Oblast
|
2448
2449# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-10-13):
2450# Kemerovo oblast' (Kemerovo region) in Russia will change current time zone on
2451# March 28, 2010:
2452# from current Russia Zone 6 - Krasnoyarsk Time Zone (KRA) UTC +0700
2453# to Russia Zone 5 - Novosibirsk Time Zone (NOV) UTC +0600
2454#
2455# This is according to Government of Russia decree # 740, on September
2456# 14, 2009 "Application in the territory of the Kemerovo region the Fifth
2457# time zone." ("Russia Zone 5" or old "USSR Zone 5" is GMT +0600)
2458#
2459# Russian Government web site (Russian language)
2460# http://www.government.ru/content/governmentactivity/rfgovernmentdecisions/archive/2009/09/14/991633.htm
2461# or Russian-English translation by WorldTimeZone.com with reference
2462# map to local region and new Russia Time Zone map after March 28, 2010
2463# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia03.html
2464#
2465# Thus, when Russia will switch to DST on the night of March 28, 2010
2466# Kemerovo region (Kemerovo oblast') will not change the clock.
2467#
2468# As a result, Kemerovo oblast' will be in the same time zone as
2469# Novosibirsk, Omsk, Tomsk, Barnaul and Altai Republic.
2470
2471# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-02), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02):
2472# The Kemerovo region will remain at UTC+7 through the 2014-10-26 change, thus
2473# realigning itself with KRAT.
2474
| 2486
2487# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-10-13):
2488# Kemerovo oblast' (Kemerovo region) in Russia will change current time zone on
2489# March 28, 2010:
2490# from current Russia Zone 6 - Krasnoyarsk Time Zone (KRA) UTC +0700
2491# to Russia Zone 5 - Novosibirsk Time Zone (NOV) UTC +0600
2492#
2493# This is according to Government of Russia decree # 740, on September
2494# 14, 2009 "Application in the territory of the Kemerovo region the Fifth
2495# time zone." ("Russia Zone 5" or old "USSR Zone 5" is GMT +0600)
2496#
2497# Russian Government web site (Russian language)
2498# http://www.government.ru/content/governmentactivity/rfgovernmentdecisions/archive/2009/09/14/991633.htm
2499# or Russian-English translation by WorldTimeZone.com with reference
2500# map to local region and new Russia Time Zone map after March 28, 2010
2501# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia03.html
2502#
2503# Thus, when Russia will switch to DST on the night of March 28, 2010
2504# Kemerovo region (Kemerovo oblast') will not change the clock.
2505#
2506# As a result, Kemerovo oblast' will be in the same time zone as
2507# Novosibirsk, Omsk, Tomsk, Barnaul and Altai Republic.
2508
2509# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-02), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02):
2510# The Kemerovo region will remain at UTC+7 through the 2014-10-26 change, thus
2511# realigning itself with KRAT.
2512
|
2475Zone Asia/Novokuznetsk 5:48:48 - NMT 1920 Jan 6
| 2513Zone Asia/Novokuznetsk 5:48:48 - LMT 1924 May 1
|
2476 6:00 - KRAT 1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time
| 2514 6:00 - KRAT 1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time
|
2477 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2478 6:00 Russia KRA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2479 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s
2480 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s # Novosibirsk T
2481 7:00 - NOVT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
| 2515 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2516 6:00 Russia KRA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2517 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s
2518 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s # Novosibirsk
2519 7:00 - NOVT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
|
2482 7:00 - KRAT # Krasnoyarsk Time
2483
2484
2485# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
2486# Asia/Krasnoyarsk covers...
| 2520 7:00 - KRAT # Krasnoyarsk Time
2521
2522
2523# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
2524# Asia/Krasnoyarsk covers...
|
2487# 17 RU-TY Tuva Republic
2488# 19 RU-KK Khakassia, Republic of
2489# 24 RU-KYA Krasnoyarsk Krai
| 2525# 17 RU-TY Tuva Republic
2526# 19 RU-KK Khakassia, Republic of
2527# 24 RU-KYA Krasnoyarsk Krai
|
2490#
2491# Note: Effective 2007-01-01, (88) Evenk Autonomous Okrug and (84) Taymyr
2492# Autonomous Okrug were merged into (24, RU-KYA) Krasnoyarsk Krai.
2493
| 2528#
2529# Note: Effective 2007-01-01, (88) Evenk Autonomous Okrug and (84) Taymyr
2530# Autonomous Okrug were merged into (24, RU-KYA) Krasnoyarsk Krai.
2531
|
2494Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk 6:11:20 - LMT 1920 Jan 6
| 2532# Byalokoz 1919 says Krasnoyarsk was 6:11:26.
2533
2534Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk 6:11:26 - LMT 1920 Jan 6
|
2495 6:00 - KRAT 1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time
| 2535 6:00 - KRAT 1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time
|
2496 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2497 6:00 Russia KRA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2498 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2499 8:00 - KRAT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
| 2536 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2537 6:00 Russia KRA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2538 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2539 8:00 - KRAT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
|
2500 7:00 - KRAT
2501
2502
2503# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
2504# Asia/Irkutsk covers...
| 2540 7:00 - KRAT
2541
2542
2543# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
2544# Asia/Irkutsk covers...
|
2505# 03 RU-BU Buryatia, Republic of
2506# 38 RU-IRK Irkutsk Oblast
| 2545# 03 RU-BU Buryatia, Republic of
2546# 38 RU-IRK Irkutsk Oblast
|
2507#
2508# Note: Effective 2008-01-01, (85) Ust-Orda Buryat Autonomous Okrug was
2509# merged into (38, RU-IRK) Irkutsk Oblast.
2510
| 2547#
2548# Note: Effective 2008-01-01, (85) Ust-Orda Buryat Autonomous Okrug was
2549# merged into (38, RU-IRK) Irkutsk Oblast.
2550
|
2511# Milne says Irkutsk time was 6:57:15.
| 2551# Milne 1899 says Irkutsk was 6:57:15.
2552# Byalokoz 1919 says Irkutsk was 6:57:05.
2553# Go with Byalokoz.
|
2512
| 2554
|
2513Zone Asia/Irkutsk 6:57:15 - LMT 1880
2514 6:57:15 - IMT 1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time
| 2555Zone Asia/Irkutsk 6:57:05 - LMT 1880
2556 6:57:05 - IMT 1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time
|
2515 7:00 - IRKT 1930 Jun 21 # Irkutsk Time
| 2557 7:00 - IRKT 1930 Jun 21 # Irkutsk Time
|
2516 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2517 7:00 Russia IRK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2518 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2519 9:00 - IRKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
| 2558 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2559 7:00 Russia IRK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2560 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2561 9:00 - IRKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
|
2520 8:00 - IRKT
2521
2522
2523# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
2524# Asia/Chita covers...
| 2562 8:00 - IRKT
2563
2564
2565# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
2566# Asia/Chita covers...
|
2525# 92 RU-ZAB Zabaykalsky Krai
| 2567# 92 RU-ZAB Zabaykalsky Krai
|
2526#
2527# Note: Effective 2008-03-01, (75) Chita Oblast and (80) Agin-Buryat
2528# Autonomous Okrug merged to form (92, RU-ZAB) Zabaykalsky Krai.
2529
2530Zone Asia/Chita 7:33:52 - LMT 1919 Dec 15
2531 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
| 2568#
2569# Note: Effective 2008-03-01, (75) Chita Oblast and (80) Agin-Buryat
2570# Autonomous Okrug merged to form (92, RU-ZAB) Zabaykalsky Krai.
2571
2572Zone Asia/Chita 7:33:52 - LMT 1919 Dec 15
2573 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
|
2532 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2533 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2534 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2535 10:00 - YAKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
| 2574 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2575 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2576 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2577 10:00 - YAKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
|
2536 8:00 - IRKT
2537
2538
2539# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
2540# Asia/Yakutsk covers...
| 2578 8:00 - IRKT
2579
2580
2581# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
2582# Asia/Yakutsk covers...
|
2541# 28 RU-AMU Amur Oblast
| 2583# 28 RU-AMU Amur Oblast
|
2542#
2543# ...and parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
2544# 14-02 **** Aldansky District
2545# 14-04 **** Amginsky District
2546# 14-05 **** Anabarsky District
2547# 14-06 **** Bulunsky District
2548# 14-07 **** Verkhnevilyuysky District
2549# 14-10 **** Vilyuysky District
2550# 14-11 **** Gorny District
2551# 14-12 **** Zhigansky District
2552# 14-13 **** Kobyaysky District
2553# 14-14 **** Lensky District
2554# 14-15 **** Megino-Kangalassky District
2555# 14-16 **** Mirninsky District
2556# 14-18 **** Namsky District
2557# 14-19 **** Neryungrinsky District
2558# 14-21 **** Nyurbinsky District
2559# 14-23 **** Olenyoksky District
2560# 14-24 **** Olyokminsky District
2561# 14-26 **** Suntarsky District
2562# 14-27 **** Tattinsky District
2563# 14-29 **** Ust-Aldansky District
2564# 14-32 **** Khangalassky District
2565# 14-33 **** Churapchinsky District
2566# 14-34 **** Eveno-Bytantaysky National District
2567
2568# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
2569# Our commentary seems to have lost mention of (14-19) Neryungrinsky District.
2570# Since the surrounding districts of Sakha are all YAKT, assume this is, too.
2571# Also assume its history has been the same as the rest of Asia/Yakutsk.
2572
| 2584#
2585# ...and parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
2586# 14-02 **** Aldansky District
2587# 14-04 **** Amginsky District
2588# 14-05 **** Anabarsky District
2589# 14-06 **** Bulunsky District
2590# 14-07 **** Verkhnevilyuysky District
2591# 14-10 **** Vilyuysky District
2592# 14-11 **** Gorny District
2593# 14-12 **** Zhigansky District
2594# 14-13 **** Kobyaysky District
2595# 14-14 **** Lensky District
2596# 14-15 **** Megino-Kangalassky District
2597# 14-16 **** Mirninsky District
2598# 14-18 **** Namsky District
2599# 14-19 **** Neryungrinsky District
2600# 14-21 **** Nyurbinsky District
2601# 14-23 **** Olenyoksky District
2602# 14-24 **** Olyokminsky District
2603# 14-26 **** Suntarsky District
2604# 14-27 **** Tattinsky District
2605# 14-29 **** Ust-Aldansky District
2606# 14-32 **** Khangalassky District
2607# 14-33 **** Churapchinsky District
2608# 14-34 **** Eveno-Bytantaysky National District
2609
2610# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
2611# Our commentary seems to have lost mention of (14-19) Neryungrinsky District.
2612# Since the surrounding districts of Sakha are all YAKT, assume this is, too.
2613# Also assume its history has been the same as the rest of Asia/Yakutsk.
2614
|
2573Zone Asia/Yakutsk 8:38:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 15
| 2615# Byalokoz 1919 says Yakutsk was 8:38:58.
2616
2617Zone Asia/Yakutsk 8:38:58 - LMT 1919 Dec 15
|
2574 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
| 2618 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
|
2575 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2576 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2577 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2578 10:00 - YAKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
| 2619 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2620 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2621 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2622 10:00 - YAKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
|
2579 9:00 - YAKT
2580
2581
2582# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
2583# Asia/Vladivostok covers...
| 2623 9:00 - YAKT
2624
2625
2626# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
2627# Asia/Vladivostok covers...
|
2584# 25 RU-PRI Primorsky Krai
2585# 27 RU-KHA Khabarovsk Krai
2586# 79 RU-YEV Jewish Autonomous Oblast
| 2628# 25 RU-PRI Primorsky Krai
2629# 27 RU-KHA Khabarovsk Krai
2630# 79 RU-YEV Jewish Autonomous Oblast
|
2587#
2588# ...and parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
2589# 14-09 **** Verkhoyansky District
2590# 14-31 **** Ust-Yansky District
2591
| 2631#
2632# ...and parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
2633# 14-09 **** Verkhoyansky District
2634# 14-31 **** Ust-Yansky District
2635
|
2592# Milne says Vladivostok time was 8:47:33.5; round to nearest.
| 2636# Milne 1899 says Vladivostok was 8:47:33.5.
2637# Byalokoz 1919 says Vladivostok was 8:47:31.
2638# Go with Byalokoz.
|
2593
| 2639
|
2594Zone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:34 - LMT 1922 Nov 15
| 2640Zone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:31 - LMT 1922 Nov 15
|
2595 9:00 - VLAT 1930 Jun 21 # Vladivostok Time
| 2641 9:00 - VLAT 1930 Jun 21 # Vladivostok Time
|
2596 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2597 9:00 Russia VLA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2598 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2599 11:00 - VLAT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
| 2642 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2643 9:00 Russia VLA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2644 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2645 11:00 - VLAT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
|
2600 10:00 - VLAT
2601
2602
2603# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
2604# Asia/Khandyga covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
2605# 14-28 **** Tomponsky District
2606# 14-30 **** Ust-Maysky District
2607
2608# From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09):
2609# Tomponskij and Ust'-Majskij switched from Vladivostok time to Yakutsk time
2610# in 2011.
2611
2612# From Paul Eggert (2012-11-25):
2613# Shanks and Pottenger (2003) has Khandyga on Yakutsk time.
2614# Make a wild guess that it switched to Vladivostok time in 2004.
2615# This transition is no doubt wrong, but we have no better info.
2616
2617Zone Asia/Khandyga 9:02:13 - LMT 1919 Dec 15
2618 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
| 2646 10:00 - VLAT
2647
2648
2649# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
2650# Asia/Khandyga covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
2651# 14-28 **** Tomponsky District
2652# 14-30 **** Ust-Maysky District
2653
2654# From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09):
2655# Tomponskij and Ust'-Majskij switched from Vladivostok time to Yakutsk time
2656# in 2011.
2657
2658# From Paul Eggert (2012-11-25):
2659# Shanks and Pottenger (2003) has Khandyga on Yakutsk time.
2660# Make a wild guess that it switched to Vladivostok time in 2004.
2661# This transition is no doubt wrong, but we have no better info.
2662
2663Zone Asia/Khandyga 9:02:13 - LMT 1919 Dec 15
2664 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
|
2619 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2620 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
| 2665 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2666 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
|
2621 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 2004
| 2667 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 2004
|
2622 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2623 11:00 - VLAT 2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725?
2624 10:00 - YAKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
| 2668 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2669 11:00 - VLAT 2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725?
2670 10:00 - YAKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
|
2625 9:00 - YAKT
2626
2627
2628# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
2629# Asia/Sakhalin covers...
| 2671 9:00 - YAKT
2672
2673
2674# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
2675# Asia/Sakhalin covers...
|
2630# 65 RU-SAK Sakhalin Oblast
| 2676# 65 RU-SAK Sakhalin Oblast
|
2631# ...with the exception of:
2632# 65-11 **** Severo-Kurilsky District (North Kuril Islands)
2633
2634# The Zone name should be Asia/Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, but that's too long.
2635Zone Asia/Sakhalin 9:30:48 - LMT 1905 Aug 23
2636 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1
2637 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 25
| 2677# ...with the exception of:
2678# 65-11 **** Severo-Kurilsky District (North Kuril Islands)
2679
2680# The Zone name should be Asia/Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, but that's too long.
2681Zone Asia/Sakhalin 9:30:48 - LMT 1905 Aug 23
2682 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1
2683 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 25
|
2638 11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s # Sakhalin T.
2639 10:00 Russia SAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2640 11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1997 Mar lastSun 2:00s
2641 10:00 Russia SAK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2642 11:00 - SAKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
| 2684 11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s # Sakhalin T
2685 10:00 Russia SAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2686 11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1997 Mar lastSun 2:00s
2687 10:00 Russia SAK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2688 11:00 - SAKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
|
2643 10:00 - SAKT
2644
2645
2646# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
2647# Asia/Magadan covers...
| 2689 10:00 - SAKT
2690
2691
2692# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
2693# Asia/Magadan covers...
|
2648# 49 RU-MAG Magadan Oblast
| 2694# 49 RU-MAG Magadan Oblast
|
2649
2650# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02):
2651# Magadan Oblast is moving from UTC+12 to UTC+10 on 2014-10-26; however,
2652# several districts of Sakha Republic as well as Severo-Kurilsky District of
2653# the Sakhalin Oblast (also known as the North Kuril Islands), represented
2654# until now by Asia/Magadan, will instead move to UTC+11. These regions will
2655# need their own zone.
2656
2657Zone Asia/Magadan 10:03:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
2658 10:00 - MAGT 1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time
| 2695
2696# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02):
2697# Magadan Oblast is moving from UTC+12 to UTC+10 on 2014-10-26; however,
2698# several districts of Sakha Republic as well as Severo-Kurilsky District of
2699# the Sakhalin Oblast (also known as the North Kuril Islands), represented
2700# until now by Asia/Magadan, will instead move to UTC+11. These regions will
2701# need their own zone.
2702
2703Zone Asia/Magadan 10:03:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
2704 10:00 - MAGT 1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time
|
2659 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2660 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2661 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2662 12:00 - MAGT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
| 2705 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2706 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2707 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2708 12:00 - MAGT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
|
2663 10:00 - MAGT
2664
2665
2666# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
2667# Asia/Srednekolymsk covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
2668# 14-01 **** Abyysky District
2669# 14-03 **** Allaikhovsky District
2670# 14-08 **** Verkhnekolymsky District
2671# 14-17 **** Momsky District
2672# 14-20 **** Nizhnekolymsky District
2673# 14-25 **** Srednekolymsky District
2674#
2675# ...and parts of (65, RU-SAK) Sakhalin Oblast:
2676# 65-11 **** Severo-Kurilsky District (North Kuril Islands)
2677
2678# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-02):
2679# Oymyakonsky District of Sakha Republic (represented by Ust-Nera), along with
2680# most of Sakhalin Oblast (represented by Sakhalin) will be moving to UTC+10 on
2681# 2014-10-26 to stay aligned with VLAT/SAKT; however, Severo-Kurilsky District
2682# of the Sakhalin Oblast (also known as the North Kuril Islands, represented by
2683# Severo-Kurilsk) will remain on UTC+11.
2684
2685# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
2686# Assume North Kuril Islands have history like Magadan before 2011-03-27.
2687# There is a decent chance this is wrong, in which case a new zone
2688# Asia/Severo-Kurilsk would become necessary.
2689#
2690# Srednekolymsk and Zyryanka are the most populous places amongst these
2691# districts, but have very similar populations. In fact, Wikipedia currently
2692# lists them both as having 3528 people, exactly 1668 males and 1860 females
2693# each! (Yikes!)
2694# http://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Srednekolymsky_District&oldid=603435276
2695# http://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Verkhnekolymsky_District&oldid=594378493
2696# Assume this is a mistake, albeit an amusing one.
2697#
2698# Looking at censuses, the populations of the two municipalities seem to have
2699# fluctuated recently. Zyryanka was more populous than Srednekolymsk in the
2700# 1989 and 2002 censuses, but Srednekolymsk was more populous in the most
2701# recent (2010) census, 3525 to 3170. (See pages 195 and 197 of
2702# http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/Documents/Vol1/pub-01-05.pdf
2703# in Russian.) In addition, Srednekolymsk appears to be a much older
2704# settlement and the population of Zyryanka seems to be declining.
2705# Go with Srednekolymsk.
2706#
2707# Since Magadan Oblast moves to UTC+10 on 2014-10-26, we cannot keep using MAGT
2708# as the abbreviation. Use SRET instead.
2709
2710Zone Asia/Srednekolymsk 10:14:52 - LMT 1924 May 2
2711 10:00 - MAGT 1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time
| 2709 10:00 - MAGT
2710
2711
2712# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
2713# Asia/Srednekolymsk covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
2714# 14-01 **** Abyysky District
2715# 14-03 **** Allaikhovsky District
2716# 14-08 **** Verkhnekolymsky District
2717# 14-17 **** Momsky District
2718# 14-20 **** Nizhnekolymsky District
2719# 14-25 **** Srednekolymsky District
2720#
2721# ...and parts of (65, RU-SAK) Sakhalin Oblast:
2722# 65-11 **** Severo-Kurilsky District (North Kuril Islands)
2723
2724# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-02):
2725# Oymyakonsky District of Sakha Republic (represented by Ust-Nera), along with
2726# most of Sakhalin Oblast (represented by Sakhalin) will be moving to UTC+10 on
2727# 2014-10-26 to stay aligned with VLAT/SAKT; however, Severo-Kurilsky District
2728# of the Sakhalin Oblast (also known as the North Kuril Islands, represented by
2729# Severo-Kurilsk) will remain on UTC+11.
2730
2731# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
2732# Assume North Kuril Islands have history like Magadan before 2011-03-27.
2733# There is a decent chance this is wrong, in which case a new zone
2734# Asia/Severo-Kurilsk would become necessary.
2735#
2736# Srednekolymsk and Zyryanka are the most populous places amongst these
2737# districts, but have very similar populations. In fact, Wikipedia currently
2738# lists them both as having 3528 people, exactly 1668 males and 1860 females
2739# each! (Yikes!)
2740# http://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Srednekolymsky_District&oldid=603435276
2741# http://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Verkhnekolymsky_District&oldid=594378493
2742# Assume this is a mistake, albeit an amusing one.
2743#
2744# Looking at censuses, the populations of the two municipalities seem to have
2745# fluctuated recently. Zyryanka was more populous than Srednekolymsk in the
2746# 1989 and 2002 censuses, but Srednekolymsk was more populous in the most
2747# recent (2010) census, 3525 to 3170. (See pages 195 and 197 of
2748# http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/Documents/Vol1/pub-01-05.pdf
2749# in Russian.) In addition, Srednekolymsk appears to be a much older
2750# settlement and the population of Zyryanka seems to be declining.
2751# Go with Srednekolymsk.
2752#
2753# Since Magadan Oblast moves to UTC+10 on 2014-10-26, we cannot keep using MAGT
2754# as the abbreviation. Use SRET instead.
2755
2756Zone Asia/Srednekolymsk 10:14:52 - LMT 1924 May 2
2757 10:00 - MAGT 1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time
|
2712 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2713 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2714 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2715 12:00 - MAGT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2716 11:00 - SRET # Srednekolymsk Time
| 2758 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2759 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2760 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2761 12:00 - MAGT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
2762 11:00 - SRET # Srednekolymsk Time
|
2717
2718
2719# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
2720# Asia/Ust-Nera covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
2721# 14-22 **** Oymyakonsky District
2722
2723# From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09):
2724# Ojmyakonskij [and the Kuril Islands] switched from
2725# Magadan time to Vladivostok time in 2011.
2726#
2727# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02):
2728# It's unlikely that any of the Kuril Islands were involved in such a switch,
2729# as the South and Middle Kurils have been on UTC+11 (SAKT) with the rest of
2730# Sakhalin Oblast since at least 2011-09, and the North Kurils have been on
2731# UTC+12 since at least then, too.
2732
2733Zone Asia/Ust-Nera 9:32:54 - LMT 1919 Dec 15
2734 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
2735 9:00 Russia YAKT 1981 Apr 1
| 2763
2764
2765# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
2766# Asia/Ust-Nera covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
2767# 14-22 **** Oymyakonsky District
2768
2769# From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09):
2770# Ojmyakonskij [and the Kuril Islands] switched from
2771# Magadan time to Vladivostok time in 2011.
2772#
2773# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02):
2774# It's unlikely that any of the Kuril Islands were involved in such a switch,
2775# as the South and Middle Kurils have been on UTC+11 (SAKT) with the rest of
2776# Sakhalin Oblast since at least 2011-09, and the North Kurils have been on
2777# UTC+12 since at least then, too.
2778
2779Zone Asia/Ust-Nera 9:32:54 - LMT 1919 Dec 15
2780 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
2781 9:00 Russia YAKT 1981 Apr 1
|
2736 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2737 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2738 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2739 12:00 - MAGT 2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725?
2740 11:00 - VLAT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
| 2782 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2783 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2784 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
2785 12:00 - MAGT 2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725?
2786 11:00 - VLAT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
|
2741 10:00 - VLAT
2742
2743
2744# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
2745# Asia/Kamchatka covers...
| 2787 10:00 - VLAT
2788
2789
2790# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
2791# Asia/Kamchatka covers...
|
2746# 91 RU-KAM Kamchatka Krai
| 2792# 91 RU-KAM Kamchatka Krai
|
2747#
2748# Note: Effective 2007-07-01, (41) Kamchatka Oblast and (82) Koryak
2749# Autonomous Okrug merged to form (91, RU-KAM) Kamchatka Krai.
2750
2751# The Zone name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski or perhaps
2752# Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, but these are too long.
2753Zone Asia/Kamchatka 10:34:36 - LMT 1922 Nov 10
2754 11:00 - PETT 1930 Jun 21 # P-K Time
| 2793#
2794# Note: Effective 2007-07-01, (41) Kamchatka Oblast and (82) Koryak
2795# Autonomous Okrug merged to form (91, RU-KAM) Kamchatka Krai.
2796
2797# The Zone name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski or perhaps
2798# Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, but these are too long.
2799Zone Asia/Kamchatka 10:34:36 - LMT 1922 Nov 10
2800 11:00 - PETT 1930 Jun 21 # P-K Time
|
2755 12:00 Russia PET%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2756 11:00 Russia PET%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2757 12:00 Russia PET%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s
2758 11:00 Russia PET%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
| 2801 12:00 Russia PET%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2802 11:00 Russia PET%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2803 12:00 Russia PET%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s
2804 11:00 Russia PET%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
|
2759 12:00 - PETT
2760
2761
2762# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
2763# Asia/Anadyr covers...
| 2805 12:00 - PETT
2806
2807
2808# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
2809# Asia/Anadyr covers...
|
2764# 87 RU-CHU Chukotka Autonomous Okrug
| 2810# 87 RU-CHU Chukotka Autonomous Okrug
|
2765
2766Zone Asia/Anadyr 11:49:56 - LMT 1924 May 2
2767 12:00 - ANAT 1930 Jun 21 # Anadyr Time
| 2811
2812Zone Asia/Anadyr 11:49:56 - LMT 1924 May 2
2813 12:00 - ANAT 1930 Jun 21 # Anadyr Time
|
2768 13:00 Russia ANA%sT 1982 Apr 1 0:00s
2769 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2770 11:00 Russia ANA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2771 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s
2772 11:00 Russia ANA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
| 2814 13:00 Russia ANA%sT 1982 Apr 1 0:00s
2815 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2816 11:00 Russia ANA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2817 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s
2818 11:00 Russia ANA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
|
2773 12:00 - ANAT
2774
2775
2776# San Marino
2777# See Europe/Rome.
2778
2779# Serbia
2780# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2781Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884
2782 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
2783 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945
| 2819 12:00 - ANAT
2820
2821
2822# San Marino
2823# See Europe/Rome.
2824
2825# Serbia
2826# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2827Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884
2828 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
2829 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945
|
2784 1:00 - CET 1945 May 8 2:00s
| 2830 1:00 - CET 1945 May 8 2:00s
|
2785 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
2786# Metod Ko��elj reports that the legal date of
2787# transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time.
2788# Shanks & Pottenger don't give as much detail, so go with Ko��elj.
2789 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27
2790 1:00 EU CE%sT
2791Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana # Slovenia
2792Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Podgorica # Montenegro
2793Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Sarajevo # Bosnia and Herzegovina
2794Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Skopje # Macedonia
2795Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Zagreb # Croatia
2796
2797# Slovakia
2798Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava
2799
2800# Slovenia
2801# See Europe/Belgrade.
2802
2803# Spain
2804# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2805# For 1917-1919 Whitman gives Apr Sat>=1 - Oct Sat>=1;
2806# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2807Rule Spain 1917 only - May 5 23:00s 1:00 S
2808Rule Spain 1917 1919 - Oct 6 23:00s 0 -
2809Rule Spain 1918 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
2810Rule Spain 1919 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S
2811# Whitman gives 1921 Feb 28 - Oct 14; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2812Rule Spain 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S
2813# Whitman gives 1924 Oct 14; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2814Rule Spain 1924 only - Oct 4 23:00s 0 -
2815Rule Spain 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S
2816# Whitman says no DST in 1929; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2817Rule Spain 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
2818Rule Spain 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S
2819Rule Spain 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S
2820Rule Spain 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S
2821# Whitman gives 1937 Jun 16, 1938 Apr 16, 1940 Apr 13;
2822# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2823Rule Spain 1937 only - May 22 23:00s 1:00 S
2824Rule Spain 1937 1939 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
2825Rule Spain 1938 only - Mar 22 23:00s 1:00 S
2826Rule Spain 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
2827Rule Spain 1940 only - Mar 16 23:00s 1:00 S
2828# Whitman says no DST 1942-1945; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2829Rule Spain 1942 only - May 2 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer
2830Rule Spain 1942 only - Sep 1 22:00s 1:00 S
2831Rule Spain 1943 1946 - Apr Sat>=13 22:00s 2:00 M
2832Rule Spain 1943 only - Oct 3 22:00s 1:00 S
2833Rule Spain 1944 only - Oct 10 22:00s 1:00 S
2834Rule Spain 1945 only - Sep 30 1:00 1:00 S
2835Rule Spain 1946 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
2836Rule Spain 1949 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S
2837Rule Spain 1949 only - Sep 30 1:00 0 -
2838Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Apr Sat>=13 23:00 1:00 S
2839Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 -
2840Rule Spain 1976 only - Mar 27 23:00 1:00 S
2841Rule Spain 1976 1977 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
2842Rule Spain 1977 1978 - Apr 2 23:00 1:00 S
2843Rule Spain 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
2844# The following rules are copied from Morocco from 1967 through 1978.
2845Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S
2846Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2847Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S
2848Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
2849Rule SpainAfrica 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
2850Rule SpainAfrica 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 -
2851Rule SpainAfrica 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
2852Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
2853Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 -
2854# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2855Zone Europe/Madrid -0:14:44 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 0:00s
2856 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1946 Sep 30
2857 1:00 Spain CE%sT 1979
2858 1:00 EU CE%sT
2859Zone Africa/Ceuta -0:21:16 - LMT 1901
2860 0:00 - WET 1918 May 6 23:00
2861 0:00 1:00 WEST 1918 Oct 7 23:00
2862 0:00 - WET 1924
2863 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1929
| 2831 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
2832# Metod Ko��elj reports that the legal date of
2833# transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time.
2834# Shanks & Pottenger don't give as much detail, so go with Ko��elj.
2835 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27
2836 1:00 EU CE%sT
2837Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana # Slovenia
2838Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Podgorica # Montenegro
2839Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Sarajevo # Bosnia and Herzegovina
2840Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Skopje # Macedonia
2841Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Zagreb # Croatia
2842
2843# Slovakia
2844Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava
2845
2846# Slovenia
2847# See Europe/Belgrade.
2848
2849# Spain
2850# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2851# For 1917-1919 Whitman gives Apr Sat>=1 - Oct Sat>=1;
2852# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2853Rule Spain 1917 only - May 5 23:00s 1:00 S
2854Rule Spain 1917 1919 - Oct 6 23:00s 0 -
2855Rule Spain 1918 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
2856Rule Spain 1919 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S
2857# Whitman gives 1921 Feb 28 - Oct 14; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2858Rule Spain 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S
2859# Whitman gives 1924 Oct 14; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2860Rule Spain 1924 only - Oct 4 23:00s 0 -
2861Rule Spain 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S
2862# Whitman says no DST in 1929; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2863Rule Spain 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
2864Rule Spain 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S
2865Rule Spain 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S
2866Rule Spain 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S
2867# Whitman gives 1937 Jun 16, 1938 Apr 16, 1940 Apr 13;
2868# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2869Rule Spain 1937 only - May 22 23:00s 1:00 S
2870Rule Spain 1937 1939 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
2871Rule Spain 1938 only - Mar 22 23:00s 1:00 S
2872Rule Spain 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
2873Rule Spain 1940 only - Mar 16 23:00s 1:00 S
2874# Whitman says no DST 1942-1945; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
2875Rule Spain 1942 only - May 2 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer
2876Rule Spain 1942 only - Sep 1 22:00s 1:00 S
2877Rule Spain 1943 1946 - Apr Sat>=13 22:00s 2:00 M
2878Rule Spain 1943 only - Oct 3 22:00s 1:00 S
2879Rule Spain 1944 only - Oct 10 22:00s 1:00 S
2880Rule Spain 1945 only - Sep 30 1:00 1:00 S
2881Rule Spain 1946 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
2882Rule Spain 1949 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S
2883Rule Spain 1949 only - Sep 30 1:00 0 -
2884Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Apr Sat>=13 23:00 1:00 S
2885Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 -
2886Rule Spain 1976 only - Mar 27 23:00 1:00 S
2887Rule Spain 1976 1977 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
2888Rule Spain 1977 1978 - Apr 2 23:00 1:00 S
2889Rule Spain 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
2890# The following rules are copied from Morocco from 1967 through 1978.
2891Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S
2892Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2893Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S
2894Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
2895Rule SpainAfrica 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
2896Rule SpainAfrica 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 -
2897Rule SpainAfrica 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
2898Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
2899Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 -
2900# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2901Zone Europe/Madrid -0:14:44 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 0:00s
2902 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1946 Sep 30
2903 1:00 Spain CE%sT 1979
2904 1:00 EU CE%sT
2905Zone Africa/Ceuta -0:21:16 - LMT 1901
2906 0:00 - WET 1918 May 6 23:00
2907 0:00 1:00 WEST 1918 Oct 7 23:00
2908 0:00 - WET 1924
2909 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1929
|
2864 0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT 1984 Mar 16
| 2910 0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT 1984 Mar 16
|
2865 1:00 - CET 1986
2866 1:00 EU CE%sT
2867Zone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C.
| 2911 1:00 - CET 1986
2912 1:00 EU CE%sT
2913Zone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C.
|
2868 -1:00 - CANT 1946 Sep 30 1:00 # Canaries Time
2869 0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s
2870 0:00 1:00 WEST 1980 Sep 28 0:00s
| 2914 -1:00 - CANT 1946 Sep 30 1:00 # Canaries T
2915 0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s
2916 0:00 1:00 WEST 1980 Sep 28 0:00s
|
2871 0:00 EU WE%sT
2872# IATA SSIM (1996-09) says the Canaries switch at 2:00u, not 1:00u.
2873# Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU.
2874
2875# Sweden
2876
2877# From Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13), superseding Shanks & Pottenger:
2878#
2879# The law "Svensk f��rfattningssamling 1878, no 14" about standard time in 1879:
2880# From the beginning of 1879 (that is 01-01 00:00) the time for all
2881# places in the country is "the mean solar time for the meridian at
2882# three degrees, or twelve minutes of time, to the west of the
2883# meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated 1878-05-31.
2884#
2885# The observatory at that time had the meridian 18 degrees 03' 30"
2886# eastern longitude = 01:12:14 in time. Less 12 minutes gives the
2887# national standard time as 01:00:14 ahead of GMT....
2888#
2889# About the beginning of CET in Sweden. The lawtext ("Svensk
2890# f��rfattningssamling 1899, no 44") states, that "from the beginning
2891# of 1900... ... the same as the mean solar time for the meridian at
2892# the distance of one hour of time from the meridian of the English
2893# observatory at Greenwich, or at 12 minutes 14 seconds to the west
2894# from the meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated
2895# 1899-06-16. In short: At 1900-01-01 00:00:00 the new standard time
2896# in Sweden is 01:00:00 ahead of GMT.
2897#
2898# 1916: The lawtext ("Svensk f��rfattningssamling 1916, no 124") states
2899# that "1916-05-15 is considered to begin one hour earlier". It is
2900# pretty obvious that at 05-14 23:00 the clocks are set to 05-15 00:00....
2901# Further the law says, that "1916-09-30 is considered to end one hour later".
2902#
2903# The laws regulating [DST] are available on the site of the Swedish
2904# Parliament beginning with 1985 - the laws regulating 1980/1984 are
2905# not available on the site (to my knowledge they are only available
2906# in Swedish): <http://www.riksdagen.se/english/work/sfst.asp> (type
2907# "sommartid" without the quotes in the field "Fritext" and then click
2908# the S��k-button).
2909#
2910# (2001-05-13):
2911#
2912# I have now found a newspaper stating that at 1916-10-01 01:00
2913# summertime the church-clocks etc were set back one hour to show
2914# 1916-10-01 00:00 standard time. The article also reports that some
2915# people thought the switch to standard time would take place already
2916# at 1916-10-01 00:00 summer time, but they had to wait for another
2917# hour before the event took place.
2918#
2919# Source: The newspaper "Dagens Nyheter", 1916-10-01, page 7 upper left.
2920
2921# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2922Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1879 Jan 1
| 2917 0:00 EU WE%sT
2918# IATA SSIM (1996-09) says the Canaries switch at 2:00u, not 1:00u.
2919# Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU.
2920
2921# Sweden
2922
2923# From Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13), superseding Shanks & Pottenger:
2924#
2925# The law "Svensk f��rfattningssamling 1878, no 14" about standard time in 1879:
2926# From the beginning of 1879 (that is 01-01 00:00) the time for all
2927# places in the country is "the mean solar time for the meridian at
2928# three degrees, or twelve minutes of time, to the west of the
2929# meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated 1878-05-31.
2930#
2931# The observatory at that time had the meridian 18 degrees 03' 30"
2932# eastern longitude = 01:12:14 in time. Less 12 minutes gives the
2933# national standard time as 01:00:14 ahead of GMT....
2934#
2935# About the beginning of CET in Sweden. The lawtext ("Svensk
2936# f��rfattningssamling 1899, no 44") states, that "from the beginning
2937# of 1900... ... the same as the mean solar time for the meridian at
2938# the distance of one hour of time from the meridian of the English
2939# observatory at Greenwich, or at 12 minutes 14 seconds to the west
2940# from the meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated
2941# 1899-06-16. In short: At 1900-01-01 00:00:00 the new standard time
2942# in Sweden is 01:00:00 ahead of GMT.
2943#
2944# 1916: The lawtext ("Svensk f��rfattningssamling 1916, no 124") states
2945# that "1916-05-15 is considered to begin one hour earlier". It is
2946# pretty obvious that at 05-14 23:00 the clocks are set to 05-15 00:00....
2947# Further the law says, that "1916-09-30 is considered to end one hour later".
2948#
2949# The laws regulating [DST] are available on the site of the Swedish
2950# Parliament beginning with 1985 - the laws regulating 1980/1984 are
2951# not available on the site (to my knowledge they are only available
2952# in Swedish): <http://www.riksdagen.se/english/work/sfst.asp> (type
2953# "sommartid" without the quotes in the field "Fritext" and then click
2954# the S��k-button).
2955#
2956# (2001-05-13):
2957#
2958# I have now found a newspaper stating that at 1916-10-01 01:00
2959# summertime the church-clocks etc were set back one hour to show
2960# 1916-10-01 00:00 standard time. The article also reports that some
2961# people thought the switch to standard time would take place already
2962# at 1916-10-01 00:00 summer time, but they had to wait for another
2963# hour before the event took place.
2964#
2965# Source: The newspaper "Dagens Nyheter", 1916-10-01, page 7 upper left.
2966
2967# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2968Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1879 Jan 1
|
2923 1:00:14 - SET 1900 Jan 1 # Swedish Time
| 2969 1:00:14 - SET 1900 Jan 1 # Swedish Time
|
2924 1:00 - CET 1916 May 14 23:00
| 2970 1:00 - CET 1916 May 14 23:00
|
2925 1:00 1:00 CEST 1916 Oct 1 01:00
| 2971 1:00 1:00 CEST 1916 Oct 1 1:00
|
2926 1:00 - CET 1980
2927 1:00 EU CE%sT
2928
2929# Switzerland
2930# From Howse:
2931# By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace
2932# and their performance improved enormously. Communities began to keep
2933# mean time in preference to apparent time - Geneva from 1780 ....
2934# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2935# From Whitman (who writes "Midnight?"):
2936# Rule Swiss 1940 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S
2937# Rule Swiss 1940 only - Dec 31 0:00 0 -
2938# From Shanks & Pottenger:
2939# Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
2940# Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
2941
2942# From Alois Treindl (2008-12-17):
2943# I have researched the DST usage in Switzerland during the 1940ies.
2944#
2945# As I wrote in an earlier message, I suspected the current tzdata values
2946# to be wrong. This is now verified.
2947#
2948# I have found copies of the original ruling by the Swiss Federal
2949# government, in 'Eidgen��ssische Gesetzessammlung 1941 and 1942' (Swiss
2950# federal law collection)...
2951#
2952# DST began on Monday 5 May 1941, 1:00 am by shifting the clocks to 2:00 am
2953# DST ended on Monday 6 Oct 1941, 2:00 am by shifting the clocks to 1:00 am.
2954#
2955# DST began on Monday, 4 May 1942 at 01:00 am
2956# DST ended on Monday, 5 Oct 1942 at 02:00 am
2957#
2958# There was no DST in 1940, I have checked the law collection carefully.
2959# It is also indicated by the fact that the 1942 entry in the law
2960# collection points back to 1941 as a reference, but no reference to any
2961# other years are made.
2962#
2963# Newspaper articles I have read in the archives on 6 May 1941 reported
2964# about the introduction of DST (Sommerzeit in German) during the previous
2965# night as an absolute novelty, because this was the first time that such
2966# a thing had happened in Switzerland.
2967#
2968# I have also checked 1916, because one book source (Gabriel, Trait�� de
2969# l'heure dans le monde) claims that Switzerland had DST in 1916. This is
2970# false, no official document could be found. Probably Gabriel got misled
2971# by references to Germany, which introduced DST in 1916 for the first time.
2972#
2973# The tzdata rules for Switzerland must be changed to:
2974# Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S
2975# Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 -
2976#
2977# The 1940 rules must be deleted.
2978#
2979# One further detail for Switzerland, which is probably out of scope for
2980# most users of tzdata: The [Europe/Zurich zone] ...
2981# describes all of Switzerland correctly, with the exception of
2982# the Canton de Gen��ve (Geneva, Genf). Between 1848 and 1894 Geneva did not
2983# follow Bern Mean Time but kept its own local mean time.
2984# To represent this, an extra zone would be needed.
2985#
2986# From Alois Treindl (2013-09-11):
2987# The Federal regulations say
2988# http://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20071096/index.html
2989# ... the meridian for Bern mean time ... is 7 degrees 26' 22.50".
2990# Expressed in time, it is 0h29m45.5s.
2991
2992# From Pierre-Yves Berger (2013-09-11):
2993# the "Circulaire du conseil f��d��ral" (December 11 1893)
| 2972 1:00 - CET 1980
2973 1:00 EU CE%sT
2974
2975# Switzerland
2976# From Howse:
2977# By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace
2978# and their performance improved enormously. Communities began to keep
2979# mean time in preference to apparent time - Geneva from 1780 ....
2980# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2981# From Whitman (who writes "Midnight?"):
2982# Rule Swiss 1940 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S
2983# Rule Swiss 1940 only - Dec 31 0:00 0 -
2984# From Shanks & Pottenger:
2985# Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
2986# Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
2987
2988# From Alois Treindl (2008-12-17):
2989# I have researched the DST usage in Switzerland during the 1940ies.
2990#
2991# As I wrote in an earlier message, I suspected the current tzdata values
2992# to be wrong. This is now verified.
2993#
2994# I have found copies of the original ruling by the Swiss Federal
2995# government, in 'Eidgen��ssische Gesetzessammlung 1941 and 1942' (Swiss
2996# federal law collection)...
2997#
2998# DST began on Monday 5 May 1941, 1:00 am by shifting the clocks to 2:00 am
2999# DST ended on Monday 6 Oct 1941, 2:00 am by shifting the clocks to 1:00 am.
3000#
3001# DST began on Monday, 4 May 1942 at 01:00 am
3002# DST ended on Monday, 5 Oct 1942 at 02:00 am
3003#
3004# There was no DST in 1940, I have checked the law collection carefully.
3005# It is also indicated by the fact that the 1942 entry in the law
3006# collection points back to 1941 as a reference, but no reference to any
3007# other years are made.
3008#
3009# Newspaper articles I have read in the archives on 6 May 1941 reported
3010# about the introduction of DST (Sommerzeit in German) during the previous
3011# night as an absolute novelty, because this was the first time that such
3012# a thing had happened in Switzerland.
3013#
3014# I have also checked 1916, because one book source (Gabriel, Trait�� de
3015# l'heure dans le monde) claims that Switzerland had DST in 1916. This is
3016# false, no official document could be found. Probably Gabriel got misled
3017# by references to Germany, which introduced DST in 1916 for the first time.
3018#
3019# The tzdata rules for Switzerland must be changed to:
3020# Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S
3021# Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 -
3022#
3023# The 1940 rules must be deleted.
3024#
3025# One further detail for Switzerland, which is probably out of scope for
3026# most users of tzdata: The [Europe/Zurich zone] ...
3027# describes all of Switzerland correctly, with the exception of
3028# the Canton de Gen��ve (Geneva, Genf). Between 1848 and 1894 Geneva did not
3029# follow Bern Mean Time but kept its own local mean time.
3030# To represent this, an extra zone would be needed.
3031#
3032# From Alois Treindl (2013-09-11):
3033# The Federal regulations say
3034# http://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20071096/index.html
3035# ... the meridian for Bern mean time ... is 7 degrees 26' 22.50".
3036# Expressed in time, it is 0h29m45.5s.
3037
3038# From Pierre-Yves Berger (2013-09-11):
3039# the "Circulaire du conseil f��d��ral" (December 11 1893)
|
2994# <http://www.amtsdruckschriften.bar.admin.ch/viewOrigDoc.do?id=10071353> ...
| 3040# http://www.amtsdruckschriften.bar.admin.ch/viewOrigDoc.do?id=10071353
|
2995# clearly states that the [1894-06-01] change should be done at midnight
2996# but if no one is present after 11 at night, could be postponed until one
2997# hour before the beginning of service.
2998
2999# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-11):
3000# Round BMT to the nearest even second, 0:29:46.
3001#
3002# We can find no reliable source for Shanks's assertion that all of Switzerland
3003# except Geneva switched to Bern Mean Time at 00:00 on 1848-09-12. This book:
3004#
3005# Jakob Messerli. Gleichm��ssig, p��nktlich, schnell. Zeiteinteilung und
3006# Zeitgebrauch in der Schweiz im 19. Jahrhundert. Chronos, Zurich 1995,
3007# ISBN 3-905311-68-2, OCLC 717570797.
3008#
3009# suggests that the transition was more gradual, and that the Swiss did not
3010# agree about civil time during the transition. The timekeeping it gives the
3011# most detail for is postal and telegraph time: here, federal legislation (the
3012# "Bundesgesetz ��ber die Erstellung von elektrischen Telegraphen") passed on
3013# 1851-11-23, and an official implementation notice was published 1853-07-16
3014# (Bundesblatt 1853, Bd. II, S. 859). On p 72 Messerli writes that in
3015# practice since July 1853 Bernese time was used in "all postal and telegraph
3016# offices in Switzerland from Geneva to St. Gallen and Basel to Chiasso"
3017# (Google translation). For now, model this transition as occurring on
3018# 1853-07-16, though it probably occurred at some other date in Zurich, and
3019# legal civil time probably changed at still some other transition date.
3020
3021# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
3022Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S
3023Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 -
3024# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3025Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1853 Jul 16 # See above comment.
| 3041# clearly states that the [1894-06-01] change should be done at midnight
3042# but if no one is present after 11 at night, could be postponed until one
3043# hour before the beginning of service.
3044
3045# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-11):
3046# Round BMT to the nearest even second, 0:29:46.
3047#
3048# We can find no reliable source for Shanks's assertion that all of Switzerland
3049# except Geneva switched to Bern Mean Time at 00:00 on 1848-09-12. This book:
3050#
3051# Jakob Messerli. Gleichm��ssig, p��nktlich, schnell. Zeiteinteilung und
3052# Zeitgebrauch in der Schweiz im 19. Jahrhundert. Chronos, Zurich 1995,
3053# ISBN 3-905311-68-2, OCLC 717570797.
3054#
3055# suggests that the transition was more gradual, and that the Swiss did not
3056# agree about civil time during the transition. The timekeeping it gives the
3057# most detail for is postal and telegraph time: here, federal legislation (the
3058# "Bundesgesetz ��ber die Erstellung von elektrischen Telegraphen") passed on
3059# 1851-11-23, and an official implementation notice was published 1853-07-16
3060# (Bundesblatt 1853, Bd. II, S. 859). On p 72 Messerli writes that in
3061# practice since July 1853 Bernese time was used in "all postal and telegraph
3062# offices in Switzerland from Geneva to St. Gallen and Basel to Chiasso"
3063# (Google translation). For now, model this transition as occurring on
3064# 1853-07-16, though it probably occurred at some other date in Zurich, and
3065# legal civil time probably changed at still some other transition date.
3066
3067# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
3068Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S
3069Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 -
3070# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3071Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1853 Jul 16 # See above comment.
|
3026 0:29:46 - BMT 1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time
| 3072 0:29:46 - BMT 1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time
|
3027 1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981
3028 1:00 EU CE%sT
3029
3030# Turkey
3031
3032# From Amar Devegowda (2007-01-03):
3033# The time zone rules for Istanbul, Turkey have not been changed for years now.
3034# ... The latest rules are available at:
3035# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=107
3036# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-01-03):
3037# I have been able to find press records back to 1996 which all say that
3038# DST started 01:00 local time and end at 02:00 local time. I am not sure
3039# what happened before that. One example for each year from 1996 to 2001:
3040# http://newspot.byegm.gov.tr/arsiv/1996/21/N4.htm
3041# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING97/03/97X03X25.TXT
3042# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING98/03/98X03X02.HTM
3043# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING99/10/99X10X26.HTM#%2016
3044# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING2000/03/00X03X06.HTM#%2021
3045# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING2001/03/23x03x01.HTM#%2027
3046# From Paul Eggert (2007-01-03):
3047# Prefer the above source to Shanks & Pottenger for time stamps after 1990.
3048
3049# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-03-09):
3050# Starting 2007 though, it seems that they are adopting EU's 1:00 UTC
3051# start/end time, according to the following page (2007-03-07):
3052# http://www.ntvmsnbc.com/news/402029.asp
3053# The official document is located here - it is in Turkish...:
3054# http://rega.basbakanlik.gov.tr/eskiler/2007/03/20070307-7.htm
3055# I was able to locate the following seemingly official document
3056# (on a non-government server though) describing dates between 2002 and 2006:
3057# http://www.alomaliye.com/bkk_2002_3769.htm
3058
3059# From G��kdeniz Karada�� (2011-03-10):
3060# According to the articles linked below, Turkey will change into summer
3061# time zone (GMT+3) on March 28, 2011 at 3:00 a.m. instead of March 27.
3062# This change is due to a nationwide exam on 27th.
3063# http://www.worldbulletin.net/?aType=haber&ArticleID=70872
3064# Turkish:
3065# http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/ekonomi/17230464.asp?gid=373
3066
3067# From Faruk Pasin (2014-02-14):
3068# The DST for Turkey has been changed for this year because of the
3069# Turkish Local election....
3070# http://www.sabah.com.tr/Ekonomi/2014/02/12/yaz-saatinde-onemli-degisiklik
3071# ... so Turkey will move clocks forward one hour on March 31 at 3:00 a.m.
3072# From Randal L. Schwartz (2014-04-15):
3073# Having landed on a flight from the states to Istanbul (via AMS) on March 31,
3074# I can tell you that NOBODY (even the airlines) respected this timezone DST
3075# change delay. Maybe the word just didn't get out in time.
3076# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-15):
3077# The press reported massive confusion, as election officials obeyed the rule
3078# change but cell phones (and airline baggage systems) did not. See:
3079# Kostidis M. Eventful elections in Turkey. Balkan News Agency
3080# http://www.balkaneu.com/eventful-elections-turkey/ 2014-03-30.
3081# I guess the best we can do is document the official time.
3082
3083# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
3084Rule Turkey 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
3085Rule Turkey 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
3086Rule Turkey 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S
3087Rule Turkey 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 -
3088Rule Turkey 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
3089Rule Turkey 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
3090Rule Turkey 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
3091Rule Turkey 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
3092# Whitman gives 1923 Apr 28 - Sep 16 and no DST in 1924-1925;
3093# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
3094Rule Turkey 1924 only - May 13 0:00 1:00 S
3095Rule Turkey 1924 1925 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
3096Rule Turkey 1925 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
3097Rule Turkey 1940 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 S
3098Rule Turkey 1940 only - Oct 5 0:00 0 -
3099Rule Turkey 1940 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S
3100Rule Turkey 1941 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
3101Rule Turkey 1942 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
3102# Whitman omits the next two transition and gives 1945 Oct 1;
3103# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
3104Rule Turkey 1942 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
3105Rule Turkey 1945 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 S
3106Rule Turkey 1945 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
3107Rule Turkey 1946 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
3108Rule Turkey 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
3109Rule Turkey 1947 1948 - Apr Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
3110Rule Turkey 1947 1950 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 -
3111Rule Turkey 1949 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S
3112Rule Turkey 1950 only - Apr 19 0:00 1:00 S
3113Rule Turkey 1951 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S
3114Rule Turkey 1951 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
3115Rule Turkey 1962 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S
3116Rule Turkey 1962 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
3117Rule Turkey 1964 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
3118Rule Turkey 1964 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
3119Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - May Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 S
3120Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 -
3121Rule Turkey 1973 only - Jun 3 1:00 1:00 S
3122Rule Turkey 1973 only - Nov 4 3:00 0 -
3123Rule Turkey 1974 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
3124Rule Turkey 1974 only - Nov 3 5:00 0 -
3125Rule Turkey 1975 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S
3126Rule Turkey 1975 1976 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
3127Rule Turkey 1976 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
3128Rule Turkey 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
3129Rule Turkey 1977 only - Oct 16 0:00 0 -
3130Rule Turkey 1979 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 3:00 1:00 S
3131Rule Turkey 1979 1982 - Oct Mon>=11 0:00 0 -
3132Rule Turkey 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 3:00 1:00 S
3133Rule Turkey 1983 only - Jul 31 0:00 1:00 S
3134Rule Turkey 1983 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
3135Rule Turkey 1985 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 S
3136Rule Turkey 1985 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
3137Rule Turkey 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
3138Rule Turkey 1986 1990 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
3139Rule Turkey 1991 2006 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
3140Rule Turkey 1991 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
3141Rule Turkey 1996 2006 - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 -
3142# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3143Zone Europe/Istanbul 1:55:52 - LMT 1880
3144 1:56:56 - IMT 1910 Oct # Istanbul Mean Time?
3145 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1978 Oct 15
3146 3:00 Turkey TR%sT 1985 Apr 20 # Turkey Time
3147 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 2007
| 3073 1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981
3074 1:00 EU CE%sT
3075
3076# Turkey
3077
3078# From Amar Devegowda (2007-01-03):
3079# The time zone rules for Istanbul, Turkey have not been changed for years now.
3080# ... The latest rules are available at:
3081# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=107
3082# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-01-03):
3083# I have been able to find press records back to 1996 which all say that
3084# DST started 01:00 local time and end at 02:00 local time. I am not sure
3085# what happened before that. One example for each year from 1996 to 2001:
3086# http://newspot.byegm.gov.tr/arsiv/1996/21/N4.htm
3087# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING97/03/97X03X25.TXT
3088# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING98/03/98X03X02.HTM
3089# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING99/10/99X10X26.HTM#%2016
3090# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING2000/03/00X03X06.HTM#%2021
3091# http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING2001/03/23x03x01.HTM#%2027
3092# From Paul Eggert (2007-01-03):
3093# Prefer the above source to Shanks & Pottenger for time stamps after 1990.
3094
3095# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-03-09):
3096# Starting 2007 though, it seems that they are adopting EU's 1:00 UTC
3097# start/end time, according to the following page (2007-03-07):
3098# http://www.ntvmsnbc.com/news/402029.asp
3099# The official document is located here - it is in Turkish...:
3100# http://rega.basbakanlik.gov.tr/eskiler/2007/03/20070307-7.htm
3101# I was able to locate the following seemingly official document
3102# (on a non-government server though) describing dates between 2002 and 2006:
3103# http://www.alomaliye.com/bkk_2002_3769.htm
3104
3105# From G��kdeniz Karada�� (2011-03-10):
3106# According to the articles linked below, Turkey will change into summer
3107# time zone (GMT+3) on March 28, 2011 at 3:00 a.m. instead of March 27.
3108# This change is due to a nationwide exam on 27th.
3109# http://www.worldbulletin.net/?aType=haber&ArticleID=70872
3110# Turkish:
3111# http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/ekonomi/17230464.asp?gid=373
3112
3113# From Faruk Pasin (2014-02-14):
3114# The DST for Turkey has been changed for this year because of the
3115# Turkish Local election....
3116# http://www.sabah.com.tr/Ekonomi/2014/02/12/yaz-saatinde-onemli-degisiklik
3117# ... so Turkey will move clocks forward one hour on March 31 at 3:00 a.m.
3118# From Randal L. Schwartz (2014-04-15):
3119# Having landed on a flight from the states to Istanbul (via AMS) on March 31,
3120# I can tell you that NOBODY (even the airlines) respected this timezone DST
3121# change delay. Maybe the word just didn't get out in time.
3122# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-15):
3123# The press reported massive confusion, as election officials obeyed the rule
3124# change but cell phones (and airline baggage systems) did not. See:
3125# Kostidis M. Eventful elections in Turkey. Balkan News Agency
3126# http://www.balkaneu.com/eventful-elections-turkey/ 2014-03-30.
3127# I guess the best we can do is document the official time.
3128
3129# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
3130Rule Turkey 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
3131Rule Turkey 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
3132Rule Turkey 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S
3133Rule Turkey 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 -
3134Rule Turkey 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
3135Rule Turkey 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
3136Rule Turkey 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
3137Rule Turkey 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
3138# Whitman gives 1923 Apr 28 - Sep 16 and no DST in 1924-1925;
3139# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
3140Rule Turkey 1924 only - May 13 0:00 1:00 S
3141Rule Turkey 1924 1925 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
3142Rule Turkey 1925 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
3143Rule Turkey 1940 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 S
3144Rule Turkey 1940 only - Oct 5 0:00 0 -
3145Rule Turkey 1940 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S
3146Rule Turkey 1941 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
3147Rule Turkey 1942 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
3148# Whitman omits the next two transition and gives 1945 Oct 1;
3149# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
3150Rule Turkey 1942 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
3151Rule Turkey 1945 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 S
3152Rule Turkey 1945 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
3153Rule Turkey 1946 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
3154Rule Turkey 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
3155Rule Turkey 1947 1948 - Apr Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
3156Rule Turkey 1947 1950 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 -
3157Rule Turkey 1949 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S
3158Rule Turkey 1950 only - Apr 19 0:00 1:00 S
3159Rule Turkey 1951 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S
3160Rule Turkey 1951 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
3161Rule Turkey 1962 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S
3162Rule Turkey 1962 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
3163Rule Turkey 1964 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
3164Rule Turkey 1964 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
3165Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - May Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 S
3166Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 -
3167Rule Turkey 1973 only - Jun 3 1:00 1:00 S
3168Rule Turkey 1973 only - Nov 4 3:00 0 -
3169Rule Turkey 1974 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
3170Rule Turkey 1974 only - Nov 3 5:00 0 -
3171Rule Turkey 1975 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S
3172Rule Turkey 1975 1976 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
3173Rule Turkey 1976 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
3174Rule Turkey 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
3175Rule Turkey 1977 only - Oct 16 0:00 0 -
3176Rule Turkey 1979 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 3:00 1:00 S
3177Rule Turkey 1979 1982 - Oct Mon>=11 0:00 0 -
3178Rule Turkey 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 3:00 1:00 S
3179Rule Turkey 1983 only - Jul 31 0:00 1:00 S
3180Rule Turkey 1983 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
3181Rule Turkey 1985 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 S
3182Rule Turkey 1985 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
3183Rule Turkey 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
3184Rule Turkey 1986 1990 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
3185Rule Turkey 1991 2006 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
3186Rule Turkey 1991 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
3187Rule Turkey 1996 2006 - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 -
3188# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3189Zone Europe/Istanbul 1:55:52 - LMT 1880
3190 1:56:56 - IMT 1910 Oct # Istanbul Mean Time?
3191 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1978 Oct 15
3192 3:00 Turkey TR%sT 1985 Apr 20 # Turkey Time
3193 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 2007
|
3148 2:00 EU EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 1:00u
3149 2:00 - EET 2011 Mar 28 1:00u
3150 2:00 EU EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 1:00u
3151 2:00 - EET 2014 Mar 31 1:00u
| 3194 2:00 EU EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 1:00u
3195 2:00 - EET 2011 Mar 28 1:00u
3196 2:00 EU EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 1:00u
3197 2:00 - EET 2014 Mar 31 1:00u
|
3152 2:00 EU EE%sT
3153Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents.
3154
3155# Ukraine
3156#
3157# From Igor Karpov, who works for the Ukrainian Ministry of Justice,
3158# via Garrett Wollman (2003-01-27):
3159# BTW, I've found the official document on this matter. It's government
3160# regulations number 509, May 13, 1996. In my poor translation it says:
3161# "Time in Ukraine is set to second timezone (Kiev time). Each last Sunday
3162# of March at 3am the time is changing to 4am and each last Sunday of
3163# October the time at 4am is changing to 3am"
3164
3165# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-09-20):
3166# On September 20, 2011 the deputies of the Verkhovna Rada agreed to
3167# abolish the transfer clock to winter time.
3168#
3169# Bill number 8330 of MP from the Party of Regions Oleg Nadoshi got
3170# approval from 266 deputies.
3171#
3172# Ukraine abolishes transfer back to the winter time (in Russian)
3173# http://news.mail.ru/politics/6861560/
3174#
3175# The Ukrainians will no longer change the clock (in Russian)
3176# http://www.segodnya.ua/news/14290482.html
3177#
3178# Deputies cancelled the winter time (in Russian)
3179# http://www.pravda.com.ua/rus/news/2011/09/20/6600616/
3180#
3181# From Philip Pizzey (2011-10-18):
3182# Today my Ukrainian colleagues have informed me that the
3183# Ukrainian parliament have decided that they will go to winter
3184# time this year after all.
3185#
3186# From Udo Schwedt (2011-10-18):
3187# As far as I understand, the recent change to the Ukrainian time zone
3188# (Europe/Kiev) to introduce permanent daylight saving time (similar
3189# to Russia) was reverted today:
3190# http://portal.rada.gov.ua/rada/control/en/publish/article/info_left?art_id=287324&cat_id=105995
3191#
3192# Also reported by Alexander Bokovoy (2011-10-18) who also noted:
3193# The law documents themselves are at
3194# http://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/zweb_n/webproc4_1?id=&pf3511=41484
3195
3196# From Vladimir in Moscow via Alois Treindl re Kiev time 1991/2 (2014-02-28):
3197# First in Ukraine they changed Time zone from UTC+3 to UTC+2 with DST:
3198# 03 25 1990 02:00 -03.00 1 Time Zone 3 with DST
3199# 07 01 1990 02:00 -02.00 1 Time Zone 2 with DST
3200# * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 18.06.1990, No. 134.
3201# http://search.ligazakon.ua/l_doc2.nsf/link1/T001500.html
3202#
3203# They did not end DST in September, 1990 (according to the law,
3204# "summer time" was still in action):
3205# 09 30 1990 03:00 -02.00 1 Time Zone 2 with DST
3206# * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 21.09.1990, No. 272.
3207# http://search.ligazakon.ua/l_doc2.nsf/link1/KP900272.html
3208#
3209# Again no change in March, 1991 ("summer time" in action):
3210# 03 31 1991 02:00 -02.00 1 Time Zone 2 with DST
3211#
3212# DST ended in September 1991 ("summer time" ended):
3213# 09 29 1991 03:00 -02.00 0 Time Zone 2, no DST
3214# * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 25.09.1991, No. 225.
3215# http://www.uazakon.com/documents/date_21/pg_iwgdoc.htm
3216# This is an answer.
3217#
3218# Since 1992 they had normal DST procedure:
3219# 03 29 1992 02:00 -02.00 1 DST started
3220# 09 27 1992 03:00 -02.00 0 DST ended
3221# * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 20.03.1992, No. 139.
3222# http://www.uazakon.com/documents/date_8u/pg_grcasa.htm
3223
3224# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3225# Most of Ukraine since 1970 has been like Kiev.
3226# "Kyiv" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but
3227# "Kiev" is more common in English.
3228Zone Europe/Kiev 2:02:04 - LMT 1880
3229 2:02:04 - KMT 1924 May 2 # Kiev Mean Time
3230 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
3231 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 20
3232 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Nov 6
| 3198 2:00 EU EE%sT
3199Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents.
3200
3201# Ukraine
3202#
3203# From Igor Karpov, who works for the Ukrainian Ministry of Justice,
3204# via Garrett Wollman (2003-01-27):
3205# BTW, I've found the official document on this matter. It's government
3206# regulations number 509, May 13, 1996. In my poor translation it says:
3207# "Time in Ukraine is set to second timezone (Kiev time). Each last Sunday
3208# of March at 3am the time is changing to 4am and each last Sunday of
3209# October the time at 4am is changing to 3am"
3210
3211# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-09-20):
3212# On September 20, 2011 the deputies of the Verkhovna Rada agreed to
3213# abolish the transfer clock to winter time.
3214#
3215# Bill number 8330 of MP from the Party of Regions Oleg Nadoshi got
3216# approval from 266 deputies.
3217#
3218# Ukraine abolishes transfer back to the winter time (in Russian)
3219# http://news.mail.ru/politics/6861560/
3220#
3221# The Ukrainians will no longer change the clock (in Russian)
3222# http://www.segodnya.ua/news/14290482.html
3223#
3224# Deputies cancelled the winter time (in Russian)
3225# http://www.pravda.com.ua/rus/news/2011/09/20/6600616/
3226#
3227# From Philip Pizzey (2011-10-18):
3228# Today my Ukrainian colleagues have informed me that the
3229# Ukrainian parliament have decided that they will go to winter
3230# time this year after all.
3231#
3232# From Udo Schwedt (2011-10-18):
3233# As far as I understand, the recent change to the Ukrainian time zone
3234# (Europe/Kiev) to introduce permanent daylight saving time (similar
3235# to Russia) was reverted today:
3236# http://portal.rada.gov.ua/rada/control/en/publish/article/info_left?art_id=287324&cat_id=105995
3237#
3238# Also reported by Alexander Bokovoy (2011-10-18) who also noted:
3239# The law documents themselves are at
3240# http://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/zweb_n/webproc4_1?id=&pf3511=41484
3241
3242# From Vladimir in Moscow via Alois Treindl re Kiev time 1991/2 (2014-02-28):
3243# First in Ukraine they changed Time zone from UTC+3 to UTC+2 with DST:
3244# 03 25 1990 02:00 -03.00 1 Time Zone 3 with DST
3245# 07 01 1990 02:00 -02.00 1 Time Zone 2 with DST
3246# * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 18.06.1990, No. 134.
3247# http://search.ligazakon.ua/l_doc2.nsf/link1/T001500.html
3248#
3249# They did not end DST in September, 1990 (according to the law,
3250# "summer time" was still in action):
3251# 09 30 1990 03:00 -02.00 1 Time Zone 2 with DST
3252# * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 21.09.1990, No. 272.
3253# http://search.ligazakon.ua/l_doc2.nsf/link1/KP900272.html
3254#
3255# Again no change in March, 1991 ("summer time" in action):
3256# 03 31 1991 02:00 -02.00 1 Time Zone 2 with DST
3257#
3258# DST ended in September 1991 ("summer time" ended):
3259# 09 29 1991 03:00 -02.00 0 Time Zone 2, no DST
3260# * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 25.09.1991, No. 225.
3261# http://www.uazakon.com/documents/date_21/pg_iwgdoc.htm
3262# This is an answer.
3263#
3264# Since 1992 they had normal DST procedure:
3265# 03 29 1992 02:00 -02.00 1 DST started
3266# 09 27 1992 03:00 -02.00 0 DST ended
3267# * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 20.03.1992, No. 139.
3268# http://www.uazakon.com/documents/date_8u/pg_grcasa.htm
3269
3270# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
3271# Most of Ukraine since 1970 has been like Kiev.
3272# "Kyiv" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but
3273# "Kiev" is more common in English.
3274Zone Europe/Kiev 2:02:04 - LMT 1880
3275 2:02:04 - KMT 1924 May 2 # Kiev Mean Time
3276 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
3277 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 20
3278 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Nov 6
|
3233 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 Jul 1 2:00
3234 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 3:00
| 3279 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 Jul 1 2:00
3280 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 3:00
|
3235 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995
3236 2:00 EU EE%sT
3237# Ruthenia used CET 1990/1991.
3238# "Uzhhorod" is the transliteration of the Rusyn/Ukrainian pronunciation, but
3239# "Uzhgorod" is more common in English.
3240Zone Europe/Uzhgorod 1:29:12 - LMT 1890 Oct
3241 1:00 - CET 1940
3242 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct
3243 1:00 1:00 CEST 1944 Oct 26
3244 1:00 - CET 1945 Jun 29
3245 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
| 3281 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995
3282 2:00 EU EE%sT
3283# Ruthenia used CET 1990/1991.
3284# "Uzhhorod" is the transliteration of the Rusyn/Ukrainian pronunciation, but
3285# "Uzhgorod" is more common in English.
3286Zone Europe/Uzhgorod 1:29:12 - LMT 1890 Oct
3287 1:00 - CET 1940
3288 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct
3289 1:00 1:00 CEST 1944 Oct 26
3290 1:00 - CET 1945 Jun 29
3291 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
|
3246 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00
3247 1:00 - CET 1991 Mar 31 3:00
| 3292 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00
3293 1:00 - CET 1991 Mar 31 3:00
|
3248 2:00 - EET 1992
3249 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995
3250 2:00 EU EE%sT
3251# Zaporozh'ye and eastern Lugansk oblasts observed DST 1990/1991.
3252# "Zaporizhia" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but
3253# "Zaporozh'ye" is more common in English. Use the common English
3254# spelling, except omit the apostrophe as it is not allowed in
3255# portable Posix file names.
3256Zone Europe/Zaporozhye 2:20:40 - LMT 1880
3257 2:20 - CUT 1924 May 2 # Central Ukraine T
3258 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
3259 3:00 - MSK 1941 Aug 25
3260 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Oct 25
| 3294 2:00 - EET 1992
3295 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995
3296 2:00 EU EE%sT
3297# Zaporozh'ye and eastern Lugansk oblasts observed DST 1990/1991.
3298# "Zaporizhia" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but
3299# "Zaporozh'ye" is more common in English. Use the common English
3300# spelling, except omit the apostrophe as it is not allowed in
3301# portable Posix file names.
3302Zone Europe/Zaporozhye 2:20:40 - LMT 1880
3303 2:20 - CUT 1924 May 2 # Central Ukraine T
3304 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
3305 3:00 - MSK 1941 Aug 25
3306 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Oct 25
|
3261 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00
| 3307 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00
|
3262 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995
3263 2:00 EU EE%sT
3264
3265# Vatican City
3266# See Europe/Rome.
3267
3268###############################################################################
3269
3270# One source shows that Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, and Greece observe DST from
3271# the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in September in 1986.
3272# The source shows Romania changing a day later than everybody else.
3273#
3274# According to Bernard Sieloff's source, Poland is in the MET time zone but
3275# uses the WE DST rules. The Western USSR uses EET+1 and ME DST rules.
3276# Bernard Sieloff's source claims Romania switches on the same day, but at
3277# 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST). It also claims that Turkey
3278# switches on the same day, but switches on at 01:00 standard time
3279# and off at 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST)
3280
3281# ...
3282# Date: Wed, 28 Jan 87 16:56:27 -0100
3283# From: Tom Hofmann
3284# ...
3285#
3286# ...the European time rules are...standardized since 1981, when
| 3308 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995
3309 2:00 EU EE%sT
3310
3311# Vatican City
3312# See Europe/Rome.
3313
3314###############################################################################
3315
3316# One source shows that Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, and Greece observe DST from
3317# the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in September in 1986.
3318# The source shows Romania changing a day later than everybody else.
3319#
3320# According to Bernard Sieloff's source, Poland is in the MET time zone but
3321# uses the WE DST rules. The Western USSR uses EET+1 and ME DST rules.
3322# Bernard Sieloff's source claims Romania switches on the same day, but at
3323# 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST). It also claims that Turkey
3324# switches on the same day, but switches on at 01:00 standard time
3325# and off at 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST)
3326
3327# ...
3328# Date: Wed, 28 Jan 87 16:56:27 -0100
3329# From: Tom Hofmann
3330# ...
3331#
3332# ...the European time rules are...standardized since 1981, when
|
3287# most European coun[tr]ies started DST. Before that year, only
| 3333# most European countries started DST. Before that year, only
|
3288# a few countries (UK, France, Italy) had DST, each according
3289# to own national rules. In 1981, however, DST started on
3290# 'Apr firstSun', and not on 'Mar lastSun' as in the following
3291# years...
3292# But also since 1981 there are some more national exceptions
3293# than listed in 'europe': Switzerland, for example, joined DST
3294# one year later, Denmark ended DST on 'Oct 1' instead of 'Sep
3295# lastSun' in 1981 - I don't know how they handle now.
3296#
3297# Finally, DST ist always from 'Apr 1' to 'Oct 1' in the
3298# Soviet Union (as far as I know).
3299#
3300# Tom Hofmann, Scientific Computer Center, CIBA-GEIGY AG,
3301# 4002 Basle, Switzerland
3302# ...
3303
3304# ...
3305# Date: Wed, 4 Feb 87 22:35:22 +0100
3306# From: Dik T. Winter
3307# ...
3308#
3309# The information from Tom Hofmann is (as far as I know) not entirely correct.
3310# After a request from chongo at amdahl I tried to retrieve all information
3311# about DST in Europe. I was able to find all from about 1969.
3312#
3313# ...standardization on DST in Europe started in about 1977 with switches on
3314# first Sunday in April and last Sunday in September...
3315# In 1981 UK joined Europe insofar that
3316# the starting day for both shifted to last Sunday in March. And from 1982
3317# the whole of Europe used DST, with switch dates April 1 and October 1 in
3318# the Sov[i]et Union. In 1985 the SU reverted to standard Europe[a]n switch
3319# dates...
3320#
3321# It should also be remembered that time-zones are not constants; e.g.
3322# Portugal switched in 1976 from MET (or CET) to WET with DST...
3323# Note also that though there were rules for switch dates not
3324# all countries abided to these dates, and many individual deviations
3325# occurred, though not since 1982 I believe. Another note: it is always
3326# assumed that DST is 1 hour ahead of normal time, this need not be the
3327# case; at least in the Netherlands there have been times when DST was 2 hours
3328# in advance of normal time.
3329#
3330# ...
3331# dik t. winter, cwi, amsterdam, nederland
3332# ...
3333
3334# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
3335# ...
3336# Greece: Last Sunday in April to last Sunday in September (iffy on dates).
3337# Since 1978. Change at midnight.
3338# ...
3339# Monaco: has same DST as France.
3340# ...
| 3334# a few countries (UK, France, Italy) had DST, each according
3335# to own national rules. In 1981, however, DST started on
3336# 'Apr firstSun', and not on 'Mar lastSun' as in the following
3337# years...
3338# But also since 1981 there are some more national exceptions
3339# than listed in 'europe': Switzerland, for example, joined DST
3340# one year later, Denmark ended DST on 'Oct 1' instead of 'Sep
3341# lastSun' in 1981 - I don't know how they handle now.
3342#
3343# Finally, DST ist always from 'Apr 1' to 'Oct 1' in the
3344# Soviet Union (as far as I know).
3345#
3346# Tom Hofmann, Scientific Computer Center, CIBA-GEIGY AG,
3347# 4002 Basle, Switzerland
3348# ...
3349
3350# ...
3351# Date: Wed, 4 Feb 87 22:35:22 +0100
3352# From: Dik T. Winter
3353# ...
3354#
3355# The information from Tom Hofmann is (as far as I know) not entirely correct.
3356# After a request from chongo at amdahl I tried to retrieve all information
3357# about DST in Europe. I was able to find all from about 1969.
3358#
3359# ...standardization on DST in Europe started in about 1977 with switches on
3360# first Sunday in April and last Sunday in September...
3361# In 1981 UK joined Europe insofar that
3362# the starting day for both shifted to last Sunday in March. And from 1982
3363# the whole of Europe used DST, with switch dates April 1 and October 1 in
3364# the Sov[i]et Union. In 1985 the SU reverted to standard Europe[a]n switch
3365# dates...
3366#
3367# It should also be remembered that time-zones are not constants; e.g.
3368# Portugal switched in 1976 from MET (or CET) to WET with DST...
3369# Note also that though there were rules for switch dates not
3370# all countries abided to these dates, and many individual deviations
3371# occurred, though not since 1982 I believe. Another note: it is always
3372# assumed that DST is 1 hour ahead of normal time, this need not be the
3373# case; at least in the Netherlands there have been times when DST was 2 hours
3374# in advance of normal time.
3375#
3376# ...
3377# dik t. winter, cwi, amsterdam, nederland
3378# ...
3379
3380# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
3381# ...
3382# Greece: Last Sunday in April to last Sunday in September (iffy on dates).
3383# Since 1978. Change at midnight.
3384# ...
3385# Monaco: has same DST as France.
3386# ...
|