1# @(#)europe 7.38
| 1# @(#)europe 7.40
|
2
3# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
4# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
5# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
6
| 2
3# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
4# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
5# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
6
|
7# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1995-12-19):
| 7# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-09-03):
|
8# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
9# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (3rd edition),
10# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991).
11# Except where otherwise noted, it is the source for the data below.
12#
13# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
14# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
15# I found in the UCLA library.
16#
17# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
18# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
| 8# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
9# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (3rd edition),
10# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991).
11# Except where otherwise noted, it is the source for the data below.
12#
13# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
14# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
15# I found in the UCLA library.
16#
17# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
18# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
|
19# The starred Russian names are dubious. Corrections are welcome!
| 19# Corrections are welcome!
|
20# std dst
21# LMT Local Mean Time
| 20# std dst
21# LMT Local Mean Time
|
22# LST Local Star Time (Russian ``mestnoe zvezdnoe vremya'')
| |
23# -4:00 AST Atlantic
| 22# -4:00 AST Atlantic
|
24# -3:00 WGT+DST Western Greenland*
25# -2:00 MGT+DST Middle Greenland*
26# -1:00 EGT+DST Eastern Greenland*
27# -1:00 ACT+DST Azores and Canaries*
28# -1:00 IST IDT Iceland (no longer used)*
| 23# -3:00 WGT WGST Western Greenland*
24# -1:00 EGT EGST Eastern Greenland*
|
29# 0:00 GMT BST Greenwich, British Summer
| 25# 0:00 GMT BST Greenwich, British Summer
|
30# 0:00 WET+DST Western Europe
31# 1:00 MET+DST Middle Europe
32# 2:00 EET+DST Eastern Europe
33# 3:00 MSK MSD Moscow
34# 3:00 TUR+DST Turkey (no longer used)*
35# 4:00 KSK KSD Kuybyshev (was 3:00)*
36# 5:00 ESK ESD Yekaterinburg (was 4:00) (was SSK, SSD)*
37# 6:00 OSK OSD Omsk (was 5:00)*
38# 6:00 NSK NSD Novosibirsk (was 7:00)
39# 7:00 KRSK KRSD Krasnoyarsk (was 6:00)
40# 8:00 ISK ISD Irkutsk (was 7:00)*
41# 9:00 YSK YSD Yakutsk (was 8:00)*
42# 10:00 VSK VSD Vladivostok (was 9:00)*
43# 11:00 MSK MSD Magadan (was 10:00)*
44# 12:00 PSK PSD Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski (was 11:00)*
45# 13:00 ASK ASD Anadyr (was 12:00)*
| 26# 0:00 GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer
27# 0:00 WET WEST Western Europe
28# 1:00 CET CEST Central Europe
29# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe
|
46#
| 30#
|
47# See the `africa' file for Zone naming conventions.
| 31# See the `africa' file for time zone naming and abbreviation conventions.
|
48#
49# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones, especially in Britain,
50# is Derek Howse, Greenwich time and the discovery of the longitude,
51# Oxford University Press (1980).
52
| 32#
33# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones, especially in Britain,
34# is Derek Howse, Greenwich time and the discovery of the longitude,
35# Oxford University Press (1980).
36
|
53# From Andrew A. Chernov <ache@astral.msk.su> (November 12, 1993):
54# LST is Local Star Time (``mestnoe zvezdnoe vremya'').
55
56# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (December 4, 1994),
| 37# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-12-04),
|
57# The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy,
58# Luxembourg, the Netherlands.
59# Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom.
60# Plus, from 1 Jan 81: Greece.
61# Plus, from 1 Jan 86: Spain, Portugal.
62# Plus, from 1 Jan 95: Austria, Finland, Sweden. (Norway negotiated terms for
63# entry but in a referendum on 28 Nov 94 the people voted No by 52.2% to 47.8%
64# on a turnout of 88.6%. This was almost the same result as Norway's previous
65# referendum in 1972, they are the only country to have said No twice.
66# Referendums in the other three countries voted Yes.)
67# ...
68# Estonia ... uses EU dates but not at 01:00 GMT, they use midnight GMT.
69# I don't think they know yet what they will do from 1996 onwards.
70# ...
71# There shouldn't be any [current members who are not using EU rules].
72# A Directive has the force of law, member states are obliged to enact
73# national law to implement it. The only contentious issue was the
74# different end date for the UK and Ireland, and this was always allowed
75# in the Directive.
76
| 38# The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy,
39# Luxembourg, the Netherlands.
40# Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom.
41# Plus, from 1 Jan 81: Greece.
42# Plus, from 1 Jan 86: Spain, Portugal.
43# Plus, from 1 Jan 95: Austria, Finland, Sweden. (Norway negotiated terms for
44# entry but in a referendum on 28 Nov 94 the people voted No by 52.2% to 47.8%
45# on a turnout of 88.6%. This was almost the same result as Norway's previous
46# referendum in 1972, they are the only country to have said No twice.
47# Referendums in the other three countries voted Yes.)
48# ...
49# Estonia ... uses EU dates but not at 01:00 GMT, they use midnight GMT.
50# I don't think they know yet what they will do from 1996 onwards.
51# ...
52# There shouldn't be any [current members who are not using EU rules].
53# A Directive has the force of law, member states are obliged to enact
54# national law to implement it. The only contentious issue was the
55# different end date for the UK and Ireland, and this was always allowed
56# in the Directive.
57
|
| 58
|
77###############################################################################
78
79# United Kingdom
| 59###############################################################################
60
61# United Kingdom
|
| 62# The UK and its colonies adopted the Gregorian calendar on 1752-09-14.
|
80
| 63
|
81# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (July 6, 1994):
| 64# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-07-06):
|
82#
83# On 17 Jan 1994 the Independent, a UK quality newspaper, had a piece about
84# historical vistas along the Thames in west London. There was a photo
85# and a sketch map showing some of the sightlines involved. One paragraph
86# of the text said:
87#
88# `An old stone obelisk marking a forgotten terrestrial meridian stands
89# beside the river at Kew. In the 18th century, before time and longditude
90# was standardised by the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, scholars observed
91# this stone and the movement of stars from Kew Observatory nearby. They
92# made their calculations and set the time for the Horse Guards and Parliament,
93# but now the stone is obscured by scrubwood and can only be seen by walking
94# along the towpath within a few yards of it.'
95#
96# I have a one inch to one mile map of London and my estimate of the stone's
97# position is 51 deg. 28' 30" N, 0 deg. 18' 45" W. The longditude should
98# be within about +-2". The Ordnance Survey grid reference is TQ172761.
99#
100# [This yields GMTOFF = -0:01:15 for London LMT in the 18th century.]
101
| 65#
66# On 17 Jan 1994 the Independent, a UK quality newspaper, had a piece about
67# historical vistas along the Thames in west London. There was a photo
68# and a sketch map showing some of the sightlines involved. One paragraph
69# of the text said:
70#
71# `An old stone obelisk marking a forgotten terrestrial meridian stands
72# beside the river at Kew. In the 18th century, before time and longditude
73# was standardised by the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, scholars observed
74# this stone and the movement of stars from Kew Observatory nearby. They
75# made their calculations and set the time for the Horse Guards and Parliament,
76# but now the stone is obscured by scrubwood and can only be seen by walking
77# along the towpath within a few yards of it.'
78#
79# I have a one inch to one mile map of London and my estimate of the stone's
80# position is 51 deg. 28' 30" N, 0 deg. 18' 45" W. The longditude should
81# be within about +-2". The Ordnance Survey grid reference is TQ172761.
82#
83# [This yields GMTOFF = -0:01:15 for London LMT in the 18th century.]
84
|
102# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993):
| 85# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1993-11-18):
|
103#
104# Howse writes that Britain was the first country to use standard time.
105# The railways cared most about the inconsistencies of local mean time,
106# and it was they who forced a uniform time on the country.
107# The original idea was credited to Dr. William Hyde Wollaston (1766-1828);
108# it was popularized in 1840 by Capt. Basil Hall, RN (1788-1844),
109# famed explorer and former Commissioner for Longitude.
110# The first railway to adopt London time was the Great Western Railway
111# in November 1840; other railways followed suit, and by 1847 most
112# (though not all) railways used London time. On 1847 Sep 22 the
113# Railway Clearing House, an industry standards body, recommended that GMT be
114# adopted at all stations; the January 1848 Bradshaw's lists most major
115# railways as using GMT. By 1855 the vast majority of public
116# clocks in Britain were set to GMT (though some, like the Great Clock
117# in Tom Tower at Christ Church, Oxford, were fitted with two minute hands,
118# one for local time and one for GMT). The last major holdout was the legal
119# system, which stubbornly stuck to local time for many years, leading
120# to oddities like polls opening at 08:13 and closing at 16:13.
121# The legal system finally switched to GMT when the Statutes (Definition
122# of Time) Act took effect; it received the Royal Assent on 1880 Aug 2.
123#
124# In the tables below, we condense this complicated story into a single
125# transition date for London, namely 1847 Sep 22. We don't know as much
126# about Dublin, so we use 1880 Aug 2, the legal transition time.
127
128# From Paul Eggert (1996-06-12):
129# Summer Time was first seriously proposed by William Willett (1857-1915),
130# a London builder who circulated a pamphlet ``Waste of Daylight'' (1907)
131# that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April,
132# and retarding them by the same amount on four Sundays in September.
133# A bill was drafted in 1909 and introduced in Parliament several times,
134# but it met with ridicule and opposition, especially from farming interests.
135# One-hour Summer Time was eventually adopted as a wartime measure in 1916.
136
| 86#
87# Howse writes that Britain was the first country to use standard time.
88# The railways cared most about the inconsistencies of local mean time,
89# and it was they who forced a uniform time on the country.
90# The original idea was credited to Dr. William Hyde Wollaston (1766-1828);
91# it was popularized in 1840 by Capt. Basil Hall, RN (1788-1844),
92# famed explorer and former Commissioner for Longitude.
93# The first railway to adopt London time was the Great Western Railway
94# in November 1840; other railways followed suit, and by 1847 most
95# (though not all) railways used London time. On 1847 Sep 22 the
96# Railway Clearing House, an industry standards body, recommended that GMT be
97# adopted at all stations; the January 1848 Bradshaw's lists most major
98# railways as using GMT. By 1855 the vast majority of public
99# clocks in Britain were set to GMT (though some, like the Great Clock
100# in Tom Tower at Christ Church, Oxford, were fitted with two minute hands,
101# one for local time and one for GMT). The last major holdout was the legal
102# system, which stubbornly stuck to local time for many years, leading
103# to oddities like polls opening at 08:13 and closing at 16:13.
104# The legal system finally switched to GMT when the Statutes (Definition
105# of Time) Act took effect; it received the Royal Assent on 1880 Aug 2.
106#
107# In the tables below, we condense this complicated story into a single
108# transition date for London, namely 1847 Sep 22. We don't know as much
109# about Dublin, so we use 1880 Aug 2, the legal transition time.
110
111# From Paul Eggert (1996-06-12):
112# Summer Time was first seriously proposed by William Willett (1857-1915),
113# a London builder who circulated a pamphlet ``Waste of Daylight'' (1907)
114# that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April,
115# and retarding them by the same amount on four Sundays in September.
116# A bill was drafted in 1909 and introduced in Parliament several times,
117# but it met with ridicule and opposition, especially from farming interests.
118# One-hour Summer Time was eventually adopted as a wartime measure in 1916.
119
|
137# From Arthur David Olson (January 19, 1989):
| 120# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
121# The OED Supplement says that the English originally said ``Daylight Saving''
122# when they were debating the adoption of DST in 1908; but by 1916 this
123# term appears only in quotes taken from DST's opponents, whereas the
124# proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using ``Summer''.
125
126# From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-19):
|
138#
139# A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's
140# known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom.
141
142# Date: 4 Jan 89 08:57:25 GMT (Wed)
143# From: Jonathan Leffler <nih-csl!uunet!mcvax!sphinx.co.uk!john>
144# [British Summer Time] is fixed annually by Act of Parliament.
145# If you can predict what Parliament will do, you should be in
146# politics making a fortune, not computing.
147
| 127#
128# A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's
129# known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom.
130
131# Date: 4 Jan 89 08:57:25 GMT (Wed)
132# From: Jonathan Leffler <nih-csl!uunet!mcvax!sphinx.co.uk!john>
133# [British Summer Time] is fixed annually by Act of Parliament.
134# If you can predict what Parliament will do, you should be in
135# politics making a fortune, not computing.
136
|
148# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (September 3, 1993):
| 137# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1993-09-03):
|
149#
150# Our Government...couldn't...make a decision after the 1989 consultation
151# exercise about the UK changing its timezone so it just let things drift
152# (different from deciding to keep the status quo). According to the
153# Summer Time Order 1992 (SI 1992/1729) the dates of Summer Time for 1993
154# and 1994 are:
155# Start End
156# 1993 28 March 24 October
157# 1994 27 March 23 October
158# All start and end times are at 01:00 GMT.
159#
160# There [was] an error in your tables for the start and end times prior to 1981.
161# The UK always used to change at 02:00 GMT. In 1981 it changed to 01:00 GMT
162# as a part of EC harmonisation and has remained at that time since.
163#
164# I have found the default algorithm for UK Summer Time, it is in the
165# Summer Time Act 1972. Section 1 states that in the absence of an Order
166# in Council Summer Time starts at 02:00 GMT on the morning of the day
167# after the third Saturday in March, unless that day is Easter Day, in
168# which case it is the morning of the day after the second Saturday.
169# It ends at 02:00 GMT on the morning of the day after the fourth Saturday
170# in October. (All the redundant `morning of the day ...' is in the Act.)
171# This is only of passing interest now as it will always be overridden by
172# an Order in Council (a Statutary Instrument, the SI thing mentioned above)
173# to specify the EC specified dates.
174
| 138#
139# Our Government...couldn't...make a decision after the 1989 consultation
140# exercise about the UK changing its timezone so it just let things drift
141# (different from deciding to keep the status quo). According to the
142# Summer Time Order 1992 (SI 1992/1729) the dates of Summer Time for 1993
143# and 1994 are:
144# Start End
145# 1993 28 March 24 October
146# 1994 27 March 23 October
147# All start and end times are at 01:00 GMT.
148#
149# There [was] an error in your tables for the start and end times prior to 1981.
150# The UK always used to change at 02:00 GMT. In 1981 it changed to 01:00 GMT
151# as a part of EC harmonisation and has remained at that time since.
152#
153# I have found the default algorithm for UK Summer Time, it is in the
154# Summer Time Act 1972. Section 1 states that in the absence of an Order
155# in Council Summer Time starts at 02:00 GMT on the morning of the day
156# after the third Saturday in March, unless that day is Easter Day, in
157# which case it is the morning of the day after the second Saturday.
158# It ends at 02:00 GMT on the morning of the day after the fourth Saturday
159# in October. (All the redundant `morning of the day ...' is in the Act.)
160# This is only of passing interest now as it will always be overridden by
161# an Order in Council (a Statutary Instrument, the SI thing mentioned above)
162# to specify the EC specified dates.
163
|
175# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (October 18, 1993):
| 164# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1993-10-18):
|
176#
177# My contact in the Ministry of Defence Public Relations department
178# accepted the challenge of looking into this and produced the following,
179# from Hansard (the official record of the UK Parliament), Oral Answers,
180# 1 March 1945, cols 1559--60:
181#
182# `58. Major Sir Goronwy Owen asked the Secretary of State for the Home
183# Department if he is now able to state the Government's proposals
184# regarding double summer time.
185#
186# [two other similar questions omitted]
187#
188# Mr. H. Morrison: The Government, in reviewing the matter, have
189# considered, [...] the conclusion has been reached that the adoption of
190# double summer time from the beginning of April is essential to the
191# maintenance of the war effort. [...] As 1st April is Easter Sunday,
192# when very early services are held in many churches, it is proposed that
193# double summer time shall start not in the night preceding Easter
194# Sunday, but in the night of Sunday- Monday so that it will operate from
195# Monday, 2nd April.'
196
| 165#
166# My contact in the Ministry of Defence Public Relations department
167# accepted the challenge of looking into this and produced the following,
168# from Hansard (the official record of the UK Parliament), Oral Answers,
169# 1 March 1945, cols 1559--60:
170#
171# `58. Major Sir Goronwy Owen asked the Secretary of State for the Home
172# Department if he is now able to state the Government's proposals
173# regarding double summer time.
174#
175# [two other similar questions omitted]
176#
177# Mr. H. Morrison: The Government, in reviewing the matter, have
178# considered, [...] the conclusion has been reached that the adoption of
179# double summer time from the beginning of April is essential to the
180# maintenance of the war effort. [...] As 1st April is Easter Sunday,
181# when very early services are held in many churches, it is proposed that
182# double summer time shall start not in the night preceding Easter
183# Sunday, but in the night of Sunday- Monday so that it will operate from
184# Monday, 2nd April.'
185
|
197# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (September 3, 1993):
| 186# From Chris Carrier <72157.3334@CompuServe.COM> (1996-06-14):
187# I remember reading in various wartime issues of the London Times the
188# acronym BDST for British Double Summer Time. Look for the published
189# time of sunrise and sunset in The Times, when BDST was in effect, and
190# if you find a zone reference it will say, "All times B.D.S.T."
191
192# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1993-09-03):
|
198#
199# > # Current rules
200# > Rule GB-Eire 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 BST
201# > Rule GB-Eire 1981 max - Oct Sun>=23 1:00s 0 GMT
202#
203# The ending rule here doesn't match the EC rules, which specify the fourth
204# Sunday in October for the UK and Eire. The `fourth Sunday' rule wasn't
205# followed in 1989, but then the sixth EC directive wasn't in force then
206# and I don't know what previous ones said. 1995 is the next year with
207# the 4th Sun on 22 Oct, but that year isn't covered by the UK Summer Time
208# Order or the sixth EC directive. Your Oct Sun>=23 rule matches history
209# and with things only announced for 2 years or so in advance who knows
210# what will happen.
211#
212# There are renewed rumours that the Government here will make another
213# attempt at resolving this issue, which is what prompted me to start
214# asking the Home Office and the EC about it again. The EC categorically
215# state they are not asking anybody to change timezone, they only want
216# common start/end dates. The UK Govt. seem to want to change our zone
217# and blame the resulting fuss on the EC. Me, I think we should scrap
218# summer time completely, noon is when the Sun is overhead, and that should
219# be the end of it.
220
| 193#
194# > # Current rules
195# > Rule GB-Eire 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 BST
196# > Rule GB-Eire 1981 max - Oct Sun>=23 1:00s 0 GMT
197#
198# The ending rule here doesn't match the EC rules, which specify the fourth
199# Sunday in October for the UK and Eire. The `fourth Sunday' rule wasn't
200# followed in 1989, but then the sixth EC directive wasn't in force then
201# and I don't know what previous ones said. 1995 is the next year with
202# the 4th Sun on 22 Oct, but that year isn't covered by the UK Summer Time
203# Order or the sixth EC directive. Your Oct Sun>=23 rule matches history
204# and with things only announced for 2 years or so in advance who knows
205# what will happen.
206#
207# There are renewed rumours that the Government here will make another
208# attempt at resolving this issue, which is what prompted me to start
209# asking the Home Office and the EC about it again. The EC categorically
210# state they are not asking anybody to change timezone, they only want
211# common start/end dates. The UK Govt. seem to want to change our zone
212# and blame the resulting fuss on the EC. Me, I think we should scrap
213# summer time completely, noon is when the Sun is overhead, and that should
214# be the end of it.
215
|
221# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (October 22, 1993):
| 216# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1993-10-22):
|
222#
223# I now have the text of the Summer Time Act 1916, the granddaddy of them all.
224# It is headed: `An Act to provide for the Time in Great Britain and Ireland
225# being in advance of Greenwich and Dublin mean time respectively in the
226# summer months'.
227#
228# It specifies 21 May and 1 October for 1916 (both at 02:00 GMT) and whatever
229# dates an Order in Council may specify for subsequent years.
230#
231# Section 4 states: `This act shall apply to Ireland in like manner as it
232# applies to Great Britain, with the substitution however of references
233# to Dublin mean time for references to Greenwich mean time.'
234#
235# Lorna, my learned legal friend who supplied it, also offers this quote
236# from Halsbury's Statutes on the extent of Acts:
237#
238# `An Act of the United Kingdom Parliament is to be construed prima facie
239# to apply to the whole of the United Kingdom and not to any place outside.
240# [...] The expression "United Kingdom" for this purpose includes (since
241# 1922) Great Britain (ie. England, Wales and Scotland) and Northern Ireland,
242# but it does not include the Channel Islands or the Isle of Man.'
243#
244# She goes on to say the seminal event of 1922 was the establishment of
245# the Irish Free State, now called Eire.
246#
247# The Act doesn't say anything about Wales (or Scotland) so I would assert
248# that Shanks is wrong here. I would like to know why he thinks Wales
249# was different.
250#
251# It also confirms the fact that Ireland followed Dublin time back then,
252# and 25 minutes behind Greenwich, as Shanks has it, would be correct.
253
| 217#
218# I now have the text of the Summer Time Act 1916, the granddaddy of them all.
219# It is headed: `An Act to provide for the Time in Great Britain and Ireland
220# being in advance of Greenwich and Dublin mean time respectively in the
221# summer months'.
222#
223# It specifies 21 May and 1 October for 1916 (both at 02:00 GMT) and whatever
224# dates an Order in Council may specify for subsequent years.
225#
226# Section 4 states: `This act shall apply to Ireland in like manner as it
227# applies to Great Britain, with the substitution however of references
228# to Dublin mean time for references to Greenwich mean time.'
229#
230# Lorna, my learned legal friend who supplied it, also offers this quote
231# from Halsbury's Statutes on the extent of Acts:
232#
233# `An Act of the United Kingdom Parliament is to be construed prima facie
234# to apply to the whole of the United Kingdom and not to any place outside.
235# [...] The expression "United Kingdom" for this purpose includes (since
236# 1922) Great Britain (ie. England, Wales and Scotland) and Northern Ireland,
237# but it does not include the Channel Islands or the Isle of Man.'
238#
239# She goes on to say the seminal event of 1922 was the establishment of
240# the Irish Free State, now called Eire.
241#
242# The Act doesn't say anything about Wales (or Scotland) so I would assert
243# that Shanks is wrong here. I would like to know why he thinks Wales
244# was different.
245#
246# It also confirms the fact that Ireland followed Dublin time back then,
247# and 25 minutes behind Greenwich, as Shanks has it, would be correct.
248
|
254# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (October 28, 1993):
| 249# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1993-10-28):
|
255#
256# I now have before me, thanks to my learned legal friend Lorna, the text of
257# the Time (Ireland) Act 1916.
258#
259# It says that as from 2 AM Dublin Mean Time on 1 October 1916 the time
260# for general purposes in Ireland shall be the same as the rest of Great
261# Britain (ie. GMT with the Summer Time periods specified by the Summer Time
262# Act 1916).... As Ireland was behind GMT/BST at 02:00 DMT on 1 Oct GB would
263# have already put the clocks back. Using DST as Dublin Summer Time the
264# sequence would have been:
265# Dublin London
266# 02:34 DST 02:59 BST
267# 02:35 DST 02:00 GMT
268# 02:59 DST 02:24 GMT
269# 02:25 GMT 02:25 GMT
270# with the transition 03:00 DST -> 02:00 DMT -> 02:25 GMT all at once.
271#
272# In a table of repeals in the Schedule to the Act it mentions the
273# Statutes (Definition of Time) Act 1880. This is presumably the source
274# of the 1880 date in Shanks. The little bit of it that is repealed
275# also refers solely to Ireland and Dublin Mean Time.
276
| 250#
251# I now have before me, thanks to my learned legal friend Lorna, the text of
252# the Time (Ireland) Act 1916.
253#
254# It says that as from 2 AM Dublin Mean Time on 1 October 1916 the time
255# for general purposes in Ireland shall be the same as the rest of Great
256# Britain (ie. GMT with the Summer Time periods specified by the Summer Time
257# Act 1916).... As Ireland was behind GMT/BST at 02:00 DMT on 1 Oct GB would
258# have already put the clocks back. Using DST as Dublin Summer Time the
259# sequence would have been:
260# Dublin London
261# 02:34 DST 02:59 BST
262# 02:35 DST 02:00 GMT
263# 02:59 DST 02:24 GMT
264# 02:25 GMT 02:25 GMT
265# with the transition 03:00 DST -> 02:00 DMT -> 02:25 GMT all at once.
266#
267# In a table of repeals in the Schedule to the Act it mentions the
268# Statutes (Definition of Time) Act 1880. This is presumably the source
269# of the 1880 date in Shanks. The little bit of it that is repealed
270# also refers solely to Ireland and Dublin Mean Time.
271
|
277# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (October 29, 1993):
| 272# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1993-10-29):
|
278#
279# My case is that, with the sole exception of Ireland in 1916 using Dublin
280# Mean Time, Summer Time has been uniform throughout the United Kingdom
281# ever since it first started in 1916.
282#
283# The United Kingdom is England, Wales and Scotland plus all of Ireland from
284# 1916 up to and including 1921, or plus Northern Ireland from 1922 to date.
285#
286# The dates used are those specified in the table in Summer Time: A Consultation
287# Document (Cm 722, 1989) that are now included in the europe file, with a
288# change to a single date, the start in 1924. I made a typo in my 1989 mail
289# and the table itself is also wrong. The correct date is 13 April.
290# The times were 02:00 GMT up to and including 1980, 01:00 GMT from 1981 on,
291# except for wartime double summer time.
292#
293# As evidence I would cite:
294#
295# - The Summer Time Act, 1916.
296#
297# This specifically states that it applies to Ireland, specifies dates of
298# 21 May and 1 October and times of 02:00, and says that in Ireland the
299# times relate to Dublin mean time. It specifies an offset of 1 hour.
300#
301# - The Time (Ireland) Act, 1916
302#
303# This abolishes Dublin mean time on 02:00 DMT 1 October 1916.
304# It repeals that section of the Statutes (Definition of Time) Act, 1880
305# that specifies DMT. It is therefore a safe bet that DMT existed at least
306# from 1880 and was the only alternative standard time in the UK.
307#
308# - The Summer Time Act, 1922
309#
310# This specifies an offset of 1 hour and dates of the day after the third
311# Saturday in April, unless that be Easter, in which case it is the day after
312# the second Saturday, and the day after the third Saturday in September.
313# The time is 02:00 GMT. It applied in 1922 and 1923, and longer if Parliament
314# so approved.
315#
316# It specifically states that it applies to Northern Ireland, the Channel
317# Islands, and the Isle of Man.
318#
319# - The Summer Time Act, 1925
320#
321# This makes the 1922 Act permanent, with a change to the end date to the
322# day after the first Saturday in October. It says nothing about extent,
323# so that part of the 1922 Act will still apply.
324#
325# - The Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939, SR&O 1939 No. 1379
326# [SR&O == Statutary Regulation and Order]
327#
328# These were made under the Emergency Powers (Defence) Act, 1939.
329# It changes the end date to be the day after the third Saturday in November.
330# It makes consequential changes to some vehicle lighting legislation,
331# which includes the Motor Vehicles and Road Traffic (Northern Ireland) Act,
332# 1934, so it seems clear it applies in Northern Ireland.
333#
334# - An Order in Council amending the The Defence (Summer Time) Regulations,
335# 1939, SR&O 1940 No. 1883
336#
337# This continues summer time throughout the year after it starts in 1940.
338# It says nothing about extent and has no consequential changes.
339#
340# - An Order in Council amending the The Defence (Summer Time) Regulations,
341# 1939, SR&O 1941 No. 476
342#
343# This introduces double summer time, starting at 01:00 GMT on the day after
344# the first Saturday in May and ending at 01:00 GMT on the day after the
345# second Saturday in August, offset another hour from normal summer time,
346# which continues throughout the rest of the year. It goes on a lot about
347# consequential changes to agricultural wages legislation, and says in part
348# `... and in its application to Northern Ireland have effect as
349# if for the references to the Agricultural Wages (Regulation) Acts, 1924 and
350# 1940, there were substituted references to the Agricultural Wages (Regulation)
351# Acts (Northern Ireland), 1939 and 1940, ...'. It also has a similar section
352# for Scotland. Both sections substitute the local Agricultural Wages Board
353# for the Agricultural Wages Board for England and Wales, showing that
354# England and Wales were indivisible.
355#
356# - An Order in Council amending the The Defence (Summer Time) Regulations,
357# 1939, SR&O 1942 No. 506
358#
359# This changes the start date of double summer time to the day after the first
360# Saturday in April. It says nothing about extent.
361#
362# - An Order in Council amending the The Defence (Summer Time) Regulations,
363# 1939, SR&O 1944 No. 932
364#
365# This changed the end date of double summer time to 17 September 1944.
366# (I don't have the text of this, just a note of what it did, the text almost
367# certainly had the `day after the nth Saturday' form.)
368#
369# (I am missing whatever regulations there were to change things in 1945
370# and the Summer Time Act, 1947.)
371#
372# - The British Standard Time Act, 1968
373#
374# This came into force on 27 October 1968 and continued summer time throughout
375# the year as an experiment until it expired on 31 October 1971.
376# There was no double summer time so we didn't have to change the clocks at all.
377# It specifically said it applied to Northern Ireland. It also said it
378# applied to Jersey, Guernsey and the Isle of Man unless they passed
379# measures saying it didn't.
380#
381# - The Manx Time Act, 1968
382#
383# This is an Act of Tynwald (the Isle of Man Parliament) that said that
384# henceforth Manx time would be the same as the time in Great Britain.
385#
386# - The Summer Time Act, 1972
387#
388# This specified a reversion to normal summer time behaviour with a start
389# date of the day after the third Saturday in March, unless that is Easter,
390# when it is the day after the second Saturday, and an end date of the day
391# after the fourth Saturday in October. Times are at 02:00 GMT, offset is
392# 1 hour.
393#
394# It has the same wording about extent as the British Standard Time Act, 1968,
395# applying to Northern Ireland unconditionally and to Jersey, Guernsey and the
396# Isle of Man if they don't do something about it.
397#
398# (I am missing various Summer Time Orders that modified the 1972 Act to
399# harmonise with the EC since 1981. The major change is that the time changes
400# to 01:00 GMT.)
401#
402# - The Summer Time Order, 1992, SI 1992/1729 [SI == Statutary Instrument]
403#
404# This specifies dates of:
405# Start End
406# 1993 28 March 24 October
407# 1994 27 March 23 October
408# All start and end times are at 01:00 GMT....
409#
410# - Some text on the extent of Acts, from Halsbury's Statutes
411#
412# `An Act of the United Kingdom Parliament is to be construed prima facie
413# to apply to the whole of the United Kingdom and not to any place outside.
414# [...] The expression "United Kingdom" for this purpose includes (since
415# 1922) Great Britain (ie. England, Wales and Scotland) and Northern Ireland,
416# but it does not include the Channel Islands or the Isle of Man.'
417#
418# So, many of these measures specifically include Northern Ireland,
419# the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man. None of them exclude any
420# part of the UK. The default interpretation of Acts is that they apply
421# throughout the UK.
422#
423# With that, I rest my case Milud :-)
424#
425# Thanks are due to my learned legal friend Lorna Montgomerie, who dug out
426# the dusty old statutes, and to Melanie Allison of the Ministry of Defence,
427# who provided the wartime regulations and a snippet of Hansard explaining
428# why double summer time started on a Monday in 1945 (it was Easter).
429
430# From Peter Ilieve <peter@aldie.co.uk> (1996-05-29):
431# I have now got a copy of the British Standard Time Act 1968.
432# It says (S4(2)) that it expires at 02:00 GMT on 31 October 1971 unless
433# an Order in Council was passed in Parliament to make the Act permanent.
434# No Order was passed, so 02:00 1971-10-31 it is...
435#
436# Interestingly, it says baldly `This Act shall come into force on
437# 27 October 1968', without giving a time. As S1 of the Act merely
438# stated that `The time for general purposes in the United Kingdom
439# (to be known as British standard time) shall be one hour in
440# advance of Greenwich mean time throughout the year; ...' you could
441# possibly argue that the start time of BStandardT was 00:00 1968-10-27,
442# especially as the Act repealed the Summer Time Acts 1916--1947 in toto,
443# thereby destroying the authority of the Summer Time Order specifying
444# summer time in 1968....
445
| 273#
274# My case is that, with the sole exception of Ireland in 1916 using Dublin
275# Mean Time, Summer Time has been uniform throughout the United Kingdom
276# ever since it first started in 1916.
277#
278# The United Kingdom is England, Wales and Scotland plus all of Ireland from
279# 1916 up to and including 1921, or plus Northern Ireland from 1922 to date.
280#
281# The dates used are those specified in the table in Summer Time: A Consultation
282# Document (Cm 722, 1989) that are now included in the europe file, with a
283# change to a single date, the start in 1924. I made a typo in my 1989 mail
284# and the table itself is also wrong. The correct date is 13 April.
285# The times were 02:00 GMT up to and including 1980, 01:00 GMT from 1981 on,
286# except for wartime double summer time.
287#
288# As evidence I would cite:
289#
290# - The Summer Time Act, 1916.
291#
292# This specifically states that it applies to Ireland, specifies dates of
293# 21 May and 1 October and times of 02:00, and says that in Ireland the
294# times relate to Dublin mean time. It specifies an offset of 1 hour.
295#
296# - The Time (Ireland) Act, 1916
297#
298# This abolishes Dublin mean time on 02:00 DMT 1 October 1916.
299# It repeals that section of the Statutes (Definition of Time) Act, 1880
300# that specifies DMT. It is therefore a safe bet that DMT existed at least
301# from 1880 and was the only alternative standard time in the UK.
302#
303# - The Summer Time Act, 1922
304#
305# This specifies an offset of 1 hour and dates of the day after the third
306# Saturday in April, unless that be Easter, in which case it is the day after
307# the second Saturday, and the day after the third Saturday in September.
308# The time is 02:00 GMT. It applied in 1922 and 1923, and longer if Parliament
309# so approved.
310#
311# It specifically states that it applies to Northern Ireland, the Channel
312# Islands, and the Isle of Man.
313#
314# - The Summer Time Act, 1925
315#
316# This makes the 1922 Act permanent, with a change to the end date to the
317# day after the first Saturday in October. It says nothing about extent,
318# so that part of the 1922 Act will still apply.
319#
320# - The Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939, SR&O 1939 No. 1379
321# [SR&O == Statutary Regulation and Order]
322#
323# These were made under the Emergency Powers (Defence) Act, 1939.
324# It changes the end date to be the day after the third Saturday in November.
325# It makes consequential changes to some vehicle lighting legislation,
326# which includes the Motor Vehicles and Road Traffic (Northern Ireland) Act,
327# 1934, so it seems clear it applies in Northern Ireland.
328#
329# - An Order in Council amending the The Defence (Summer Time) Regulations,
330# 1939, SR&O 1940 No. 1883
331#
332# This continues summer time throughout the year after it starts in 1940.
333# It says nothing about extent and has no consequential changes.
334#
335# - An Order in Council amending the The Defence (Summer Time) Regulations,
336# 1939, SR&O 1941 No. 476
337#
338# This introduces double summer time, starting at 01:00 GMT on the day after
339# the first Saturday in May and ending at 01:00 GMT on the day after the
340# second Saturday in August, offset another hour from normal summer time,
341# which continues throughout the rest of the year. It goes on a lot about
342# consequential changes to agricultural wages legislation, and says in part
343# `... and in its application to Northern Ireland have effect as
344# if for the references to the Agricultural Wages (Regulation) Acts, 1924 and
345# 1940, there were substituted references to the Agricultural Wages (Regulation)
346# Acts (Northern Ireland), 1939 and 1940, ...'. It also has a similar section
347# for Scotland. Both sections substitute the local Agricultural Wages Board
348# for the Agricultural Wages Board for England and Wales, showing that
349# England and Wales were indivisible.
350#
351# - An Order in Council amending the The Defence (Summer Time) Regulations,
352# 1939, SR&O 1942 No. 506
353#
354# This changes the start date of double summer time to the day after the first
355# Saturday in April. It says nothing about extent.
356#
357# - An Order in Council amending the The Defence (Summer Time) Regulations,
358# 1939, SR&O 1944 No. 932
359#
360# This changed the end date of double summer time to 17 September 1944.
361# (I don't have the text of this, just a note of what it did, the text almost
362# certainly had the `day after the nth Saturday' form.)
363#
364# (I am missing whatever regulations there were to change things in 1945
365# and the Summer Time Act, 1947.)
366#
367# - The British Standard Time Act, 1968
368#
369# This came into force on 27 October 1968 and continued summer time throughout
370# the year as an experiment until it expired on 31 October 1971.
371# There was no double summer time so we didn't have to change the clocks at all.
372# It specifically said it applied to Northern Ireland. It also said it
373# applied to Jersey, Guernsey and the Isle of Man unless they passed
374# measures saying it didn't.
375#
376# - The Manx Time Act, 1968
377#
378# This is an Act of Tynwald (the Isle of Man Parliament) that said that
379# henceforth Manx time would be the same as the time in Great Britain.
380#
381# - The Summer Time Act, 1972
382#
383# This specified a reversion to normal summer time behaviour with a start
384# date of the day after the third Saturday in March, unless that is Easter,
385# when it is the day after the second Saturday, and an end date of the day
386# after the fourth Saturday in October. Times are at 02:00 GMT, offset is
387# 1 hour.
388#
389# It has the same wording about extent as the British Standard Time Act, 1968,
390# applying to Northern Ireland unconditionally and to Jersey, Guernsey and the
391# Isle of Man if they don't do something about it.
392#
393# (I am missing various Summer Time Orders that modified the 1972 Act to
394# harmonise with the EC since 1981. The major change is that the time changes
395# to 01:00 GMT.)
396#
397# - The Summer Time Order, 1992, SI 1992/1729 [SI == Statutary Instrument]
398#
399# This specifies dates of:
400# Start End
401# 1993 28 March 24 October
402# 1994 27 March 23 October
403# All start and end times are at 01:00 GMT....
404#
405# - Some text on the extent of Acts, from Halsbury's Statutes
406#
407# `An Act of the United Kingdom Parliament is to be construed prima facie
408# to apply to the whole of the United Kingdom and not to any place outside.
409# [...] The expression "United Kingdom" for this purpose includes (since
410# 1922) Great Britain (ie. England, Wales and Scotland) and Northern Ireland,
411# but it does not include the Channel Islands or the Isle of Man.'
412#
413# So, many of these measures specifically include Northern Ireland,
414# the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man. None of them exclude any
415# part of the UK. The default interpretation of Acts is that they apply
416# throughout the UK.
417#
418# With that, I rest my case Milud :-)
419#
420# Thanks are due to my learned legal friend Lorna Montgomerie, who dug out
421# the dusty old statutes, and to Melanie Allison of the Ministry of Defence,
422# who provided the wartime regulations and a snippet of Hansard explaining
423# why double summer time started on a Monday in 1945 (it was Easter).
424
425# From Peter Ilieve <peter@aldie.co.uk> (1996-05-29):
426# I have now got a copy of the British Standard Time Act 1968.
427# It says (S4(2)) that it expires at 02:00 GMT on 31 October 1971 unless
428# an Order in Council was passed in Parliament to make the Act permanent.
429# No Order was passed, so 02:00 1971-10-31 it is...
430#
431# Interestingly, it says baldly `This Act shall come into force on
432# 27 October 1968', without giving a time. As S1 of the Act merely
433# stated that `The time for general purposes in the United Kingdom
434# (to be known as British standard time) shall be one hour in
435# advance of Greenwich mean time throughout the year; ...' you could
436# possibly argue that the start time of BStandardT was 00:00 1968-10-27,
437# especially as the Act repealed the Summer Time Acts 1916--1947 in toto,
438# thereby destroying the authority of the Summer Time Order specifying
439# summer time in 1968....
440
|
446# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (November 18, 1993)
| 441# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1993-11-18)
|
447#
448# Here is a revised version of my tabrules file for the perl script I sent
449# before. I have personally verified the various Orders back to 1953 and
450# all the Acts.
451#
452# There are no changes to the dates we already have.
453#
454# My doubt about an early start in 1967 on 18 Feb was misplaced, the Order
455# does say 18 Feb. This is an interesting case as the first Order gave a
456# different date of 7 April 1967 for the Isle of Man but this was changed
457# before it came into effect by another Order for the Isle of Man alone.
458#
459# I don't think I will be able to find any more of the earlier Orders.
460# The annual volumes for 1949--52 do not contain the various Summer Time
461# Orders. They therefore don't appear in the index. They rate a mention in
462# italics in the numerical list at the start but that is all.
463# I think what happens is that the annual volume is produced well after the
464# end of the year in question, by which time the Summer Time Order is spent.
465# They assume that nobody would ever be stupid enough to want to see it
466# again so they leave it out.
467#
468# It might be a good idea to put this table, or the output of tabscript
469# showing all the moves because of Easter, in the europe file comments in
470# place of my old transcription of the Green Paper table [the UK Government
471# paper "Summer Time: A Consultation Document" (HMSO Cm722 June 1989)].
472#
473# Peter Ilieve peter@memex.co.uk
474#
475#
476# ## control file for tabscript, a program to generate UK summer time dates
477# ## matching the table in Cm 722, the 1989 Green Paper.
478# ## Lines like this are comments.
479# ## Lines with a single # at the start are copied into the output
480# ## Control lines are of the form
481# ## <years> <start date> <end date> <flags> <double start> <double end>
482# ## <years> is either a single year or a hyphen separated range, with --
483# ## also accepted as I use this in TeX a lot.
484# ## <start date> and <end date> are a digit followed bu a month name.
485# ## It is either an nth Saturday or an explicit date, depending on <flags>.
486# ## 0 and/or none are used when there is no date, as during 1968--71.
487# ## <flags> can contain `fixed' to indicate explicit dates and `double'
488# ## to indicate double summer time dates are present.
489# ## At present double requires fixed as well.
490# ## <double start> and <double end> are like the start and end dates, with
491# ## the exception of the 0 and/or none feature.
492#
493# ## Blank lines are also ignored.
494#
495# ## Places where I am uncertain, not having personally verified the dates
496# ## against the Act or Order, are marked ???
497# ## These dates are taken from the Cm 722 table.
498#
499# # Summer Time Act, 1916
500# 1916 21 May 1 October fixed
501#
502# ## I haven't yet looked for Orders for 1916--22 and I doubt I will find them.
503# # unknown Order or Orders ???
504# 1917 8 apr 17 sep fixed
505# 1918 24 mar 30 sep fixed
506# 1919 30 mar 29 sep fixed
507# # end date extended in 1920 from 27 Sep because of coal strike (from Cm 722)
508# 1920 28 mar 25 oct fixed
509# 1921 3 apr 3 oct fixed
510#
511# # Summer Time Act, 1922
512# # came into force 22 July 1922, too late for 1922, so missing Order ???
513# 1922 26 mar 8 oct fixed
514# 1923-1924 3 April 3 September
515#
516# # Summer Time Act, 1925
517# 1925--1938 3 April 1 October
518#
519# # Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939
520# 1939 3 April 3 November
521# # 1940 amendment (SR&O 1940 Nos. 172 & 1883)
522# 1940 4 feb 0 none
523# # 1941 amendment (SR&O 1941 No. 476)
524# 1941 0 none 0 none fixed,double 4 may 10 aug
525# # 1942 amendment (SR&O 1942 No. 506)
526# 1942 0 none 0 none fixed,double 5 apr 9 aug
527# 1943 0 none 0 none fixed,double 4 apr 15 aug
528# # 1944 amendment (SR&O 1944 No. 932)
529# 1944 0 none 0 none fixed,double 2 apr 17 sep
530# # 1945 dates from Hansard, Oral Answers, 1 March 1945
531# 1945 0 none 7 oct fixed,double 2 apr 15 jul
532#
533# # reversion to Summer Time Act, 1925
534# 1946 3 April 1 October
535#
536# # Summer Time Act, 1947
537# # Fixed dates for 1947 only, gives power to have double summer time
538# 1947 16 mar 2 nov fixed,double 13 apr 10 aug
539# ## I can't find any trace of the Order for 1948.
540# # Unknown Order ???
541# 1948 14 mar 31 oct fixed
542# ## I know the numbers for the 1949--52 ones but the text is missing from the
543# ## annual volumes. I also don't know if the 49 Order was for 49 or 50, etc.
544# # Summer Time Order, 1949 (SI1949/373) ???
545# 1949 3 apr 30 oct fixed
546# # Summer Time Order, 1950 (SI1950/518) ???
547# 1950 16 apr 22 oct fixed
548# # Summer Time Order, 1951 (SI1951/430) ???
549# 1951 15 apr 21 oct fixed
550# # Summer Time Order, 1952 (SI1952/451) ???
551# 1952 20 apr 26 oct fixed
552#
553# # reversion to Summer Time Act, 1925
554# 1953--1960 3 April 1 October
555#
556# ## All Orders from here on specify fixed dates, not day after nth Sunday
557# ## Start pattern looks like Mar lastSun up to 1963, Mar Sun>=19 up to 1967.
558# ## End pattern looks like Oct Sun>=23 up to 1967.
559# # Summer Time Order, 1961 (SI1961/71)
560# 1961 26 March 29 October fixed
561# # Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (SI1961/2465)
562# 1962 25 Mar 28 Oct fixed
563# # Summer Time Order, 1963 (SI1963/81)
564# 1963 31 March 27 October fixed
565# # Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (SI1963/2101)
566# 1964 22 March 25 October fixed
567# # Summer Time Order, 1964 (SI1964/1201)
568# 1965 21 Mar 24 Oct fixed
569# 1966 20 Mar 23 Oct fixed
570# 1967 19 Mar 29 Oct fixed
571# # Summer Time Order, 1967 (SI1967/1148)
572# # Specifies different start date of 7 April for Isle of Man
573# # Summer Time Order, 1968 (SI1968/117)
574# # Changes Isle of Man start date to 18 Feb to match rest of UK
575# # British Standard Time Act, 1968
576# 1968 18 feb 0 none fixed
577# 1969--1970 0 none 0 none
578# 1971 0 none 31 oct fixed
579#
580# # Summer Time Act, 1972
581# 1972-1980 3 March 4 October
582#
583# # The pattern here looks like Last Sun in Mar, day after 4th Sat in Oct
584# # First EC Directive ???
585# # Summer Time Order, 1980 (SI1980/1089)
586# 1981 29 Mar 25 Oct fixed
587# 1982 28 Mar 24 Oct fixed
588# # Second EC Directive ???
589# # Summer Time Order, 1982 (SI1982/1673)
590# 1983 27 Mar 23 Oct fixed
591# 1984 25 Mar 28 Oct fixed
592# 1985 31 Mar 27 Oct fixed
593# # Third EC Directive ???
594# # Summer Time Order, 1986 (SI1986/223)
595# 1986 30 Mar 26 Oct fixed
596# 1987 29 Mar 25 Oct fixed
597# 1988 27 Mar 23 Oct fixed
598# # Fourth EC Directive ???
599# # Summer Time Order, 1988 (SI1988/931)
600# 1989 26 Mar 29 Oct fixed
601# # Fifth EC Directive ???
602# # Summer Time Order, 1989 (SI1989/985)
603# 1990 25 Mar 28 Oct fixed
604# 1991 31 Mar 27 Oct fixed
605# 1992 29 Mar 25 Oct fixed
606# # Sixth EC Directive
607# # Summer Time Order, 1992 (SI1992/1729)
608# 1993 28 Mar 24 Oct fixed
609# 1994 27 Mar 23 Oct fixed
610
| 442#
443# Here is a revised version of my tabrules file for the perl script I sent
444# before. I have personally verified the various Orders back to 1953 and
445# all the Acts.
446#
447# There are no changes to the dates we already have.
448#
449# My doubt about an early start in 1967 on 18 Feb was misplaced, the Order
450# does say 18 Feb. This is an interesting case as the first Order gave a
451# different date of 7 April 1967 for the Isle of Man but this was changed
452# before it came into effect by another Order for the Isle of Man alone.
453#
454# I don't think I will be able to find any more of the earlier Orders.
455# The annual volumes for 1949--52 do not contain the various Summer Time
456# Orders. They therefore don't appear in the index. They rate a mention in
457# italics in the numerical list at the start but that is all.
458# I think what happens is that the annual volume is produced well after the
459# end of the year in question, by which time the Summer Time Order is spent.
460# They assume that nobody would ever be stupid enough to want to see it
461# again so they leave it out.
462#
463# It might be a good idea to put this table, or the output of tabscript
464# showing all the moves because of Easter, in the europe file comments in
465# place of my old transcription of the Green Paper table [the UK Government
466# paper "Summer Time: A Consultation Document" (HMSO Cm722 June 1989)].
467#
468# Peter Ilieve peter@memex.co.uk
469#
470#
471# ## control file for tabscript, a program to generate UK summer time dates
472# ## matching the table in Cm 722, the 1989 Green Paper.
473# ## Lines like this are comments.
474# ## Lines with a single # at the start are copied into the output
475# ## Control lines are of the form
476# ## <years> <start date> <end date> <flags> <double start> <double end>
477# ## <years> is either a single year or a hyphen separated range, with --
478# ## also accepted as I use this in TeX a lot.
479# ## <start date> and <end date> are a digit followed bu a month name.
480# ## It is either an nth Saturday or an explicit date, depending on <flags>.
481# ## 0 and/or none are used when there is no date, as during 1968--71.
482# ## <flags> can contain `fixed' to indicate explicit dates and `double'
483# ## to indicate double summer time dates are present.
484# ## At present double requires fixed as well.
485# ## <double start> and <double end> are like the start and end dates, with
486# ## the exception of the 0 and/or none feature.
487#
488# ## Blank lines are also ignored.
489#
490# ## Places where I am uncertain, not having personally verified the dates
491# ## against the Act or Order, are marked ???
492# ## These dates are taken from the Cm 722 table.
493#
494# # Summer Time Act, 1916
495# 1916 21 May 1 October fixed
496#
497# ## I haven't yet looked for Orders for 1916--22 and I doubt I will find them.
498# # unknown Order or Orders ???
499# 1917 8 apr 17 sep fixed
500# 1918 24 mar 30 sep fixed
501# 1919 30 mar 29 sep fixed
502# # end date extended in 1920 from 27 Sep because of coal strike (from Cm 722)
503# 1920 28 mar 25 oct fixed
504# 1921 3 apr 3 oct fixed
505#
506# # Summer Time Act, 1922
507# # came into force 22 July 1922, too late for 1922, so missing Order ???
508# 1922 26 mar 8 oct fixed
509# 1923-1924 3 April 3 September
510#
511# # Summer Time Act, 1925
512# 1925--1938 3 April 1 October
513#
514# # Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939
515# 1939 3 April 3 November
516# # 1940 amendment (SR&O 1940 Nos. 172 & 1883)
517# 1940 4 feb 0 none
518# # 1941 amendment (SR&O 1941 No. 476)
519# 1941 0 none 0 none fixed,double 4 may 10 aug
520# # 1942 amendment (SR&O 1942 No. 506)
521# 1942 0 none 0 none fixed,double 5 apr 9 aug
522# 1943 0 none 0 none fixed,double 4 apr 15 aug
523# # 1944 amendment (SR&O 1944 No. 932)
524# 1944 0 none 0 none fixed,double 2 apr 17 sep
525# # 1945 dates from Hansard, Oral Answers, 1 March 1945
526# 1945 0 none 7 oct fixed,double 2 apr 15 jul
527#
528# # reversion to Summer Time Act, 1925
529# 1946 3 April 1 October
530#
531# # Summer Time Act, 1947
532# # Fixed dates for 1947 only, gives power to have double summer time
533# 1947 16 mar 2 nov fixed,double 13 apr 10 aug
534# ## I can't find any trace of the Order for 1948.
535# # Unknown Order ???
536# 1948 14 mar 31 oct fixed
537# ## I know the numbers for the 1949--52 ones but the text is missing from the
538# ## annual volumes. I also don't know if the 49 Order was for 49 or 50, etc.
539# # Summer Time Order, 1949 (SI1949/373) ???
540# 1949 3 apr 30 oct fixed
541# # Summer Time Order, 1950 (SI1950/518) ???
542# 1950 16 apr 22 oct fixed
543# # Summer Time Order, 1951 (SI1951/430) ???
544# 1951 15 apr 21 oct fixed
545# # Summer Time Order, 1952 (SI1952/451) ???
546# 1952 20 apr 26 oct fixed
547#
548# # reversion to Summer Time Act, 1925
549# 1953--1960 3 April 1 October
550#
551# ## All Orders from here on specify fixed dates, not day after nth Sunday
552# ## Start pattern looks like Mar lastSun up to 1963, Mar Sun>=19 up to 1967.
553# ## End pattern looks like Oct Sun>=23 up to 1967.
554# # Summer Time Order, 1961 (SI1961/71)
555# 1961 26 March 29 October fixed
556# # Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (SI1961/2465)
557# 1962 25 Mar 28 Oct fixed
558# # Summer Time Order, 1963 (SI1963/81)
559# 1963 31 March 27 October fixed
560# # Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (SI1963/2101)
561# 1964 22 March 25 October fixed
562# # Summer Time Order, 1964 (SI1964/1201)
563# 1965 21 Mar 24 Oct fixed
564# 1966 20 Mar 23 Oct fixed
565# 1967 19 Mar 29 Oct fixed
566# # Summer Time Order, 1967 (SI1967/1148)
567# # Specifies different start date of 7 April for Isle of Man
568# # Summer Time Order, 1968 (SI1968/117)
569# # Changes Isle of Man start date to 18 Feb to match rest of UK
570# # British Standard Time Act, 1968
571# 1968 18 feb 0 none fixed
572# 1969--1970 0 none 0 none
573# 1971 0 none 31 oct fixed
574#
575# # Summer Time Act, 1972
576# 1972-1980 3 March 4 October
577#
578# # The pattern here looks like Last Sun in Mar, day after 4th Sat in Oct
579# # First EC Directive ???
580# # Summer Time Order, 1980 (SI1980/1089)
581# 1981 29 Mar 25 Oct fixed
582# 1982 28 Mar 24 Oct fixed
583# # Second EC Directive ???
584# # Summer Time Order, 1982 (SI1982/1673)
585# 1983 27 Mar 23 Oct fixed
586# 1984 25 Mar 28 Oct fixed
587# 1985 31 Mar 27 Oct fixed
588# # Third EC Directive ???
589# # Summer Time Order, 1986 (SI1986/223)
590# 1986 30 Mar 26 Oct fixed
591# 1987 29 Mar 25 Oct fixed
592# 1988 27 Mar 23 Oct fixed
593# # Fourth EC Directive ???
594# # Summer Time Order, 1988 (SI1988/931)
595# 1989 26 Mar 29 Oct fixed
596# # Fifth EC Directive ???
597# # Summer Time Order, 1989 (SI1989/985)
598# 1990 25 Mar 28 Oct fixed
599# 1991 31 Mar 27 Oct fixed
600# 1992 29 Mar 25 Oct fixed
601# # Sixth EC Directive
602# # Summer Time Order, 1992 (SI1992/1729)
603# 1993 28 Mar 24 Oct fixed
604# 1994 27 Mar 23 Oct fixed
605
|
611# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (August 18, 1994):
| 606# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-08-18):
|
612# I now have the text of the 7th EC directive on summer time arrangements
613# (94/21/EC), which was approved on 30 May....
614# The major changes from existing practice are that 1995 will be the last year
615# that the UK and Eire finish on a different date from everyone else,
616# and the common end date from 1996 onwards will be the last Sunday in October.
617# Year Start End End (UK & Eire, 1995 only)
618# (rule) (last Sun) (last Sun) (4th Sun)
619# 1995 26 March 24 September 22 October
620# 1996 31 March 27 October
621# 1997 30 March 26 October
622#
623# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-12-01):
624# The final piece of the legislative jigsaw for summer time in the UK for
625# 1995-97 is now in place. The Summer Time Order 1994 (SI 1994/2798)
626# came into force on 16 November. It restates the dates from the EC
627# seventh Summer Time Directive....
628#
629# From Peter Ilieve <peter@aldie.co.uk> (1996-04-20):
630# Proposals for the eighth directive were supposed to have been produced
631# by the Commission by 1 Jan 96. They have not yet appeared (I asked just
632# before Easter).
633
| 607# I now have the text of the 7th EC directive on summer time arrangements
608# (94/21/EC), which was approved on 30 May....
609# The major changes from existing practice are that 1995 will be the last year
610# that the UK and Eire finish on a different date from everyone else,
611# and the common end date from 1996 onwards will be the last Sunday in October.
612# Year Start End End (UK & Eire, 1995 only)
613# (rule) (last Sun) (last Sun) (4th Sun)
614# 1995 26 March 24 September 22 October
615# 1996 31 March 27 October
616# 1997 30 March 26 October
617#
618# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-12-01):
619# The final piece of the legislative jigsaw for summer time in the UK for
620# 1995-97 is now in place. The Summer Time Order 1994 (SI 1994/2798)
621# came into force on 16 November. It restates the dates from the EC
622# seventh Summer Time Directive....
623#
624# From Peter Ilieve <peter@aldie.co.uk> (1996-04-20):
625# Proposals for the eighth directive were supposed to have been produced
626# by the Commission by 1 Jan 96. They have not yet appeared (I asked just
627# before Easter).
628
|
634# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (March 28, 1994):
| 629# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-03-28):
|
635# The [GB-Eire] end date of 22 October [1995] conflicts with your current rule
636# of Oct Sun>=23, and the historical UK formula of Sun after 4th Sat.
637# The last time 4th Sun and Sun after 4th Sat differed was in 1989,
638# when 29 October was used. That year was covered by a UK Summer Time Order
639# for only a single year and it looks as though there was a matching 4th EC
640# directive for just this year. I don't have the text of the 5th EC
641# directive (for 1990--92) but my guess would be it said 4th Sun.
642# To maintain strict historical accuracy you could start a new UK ending rule
643# of Oct Sun>=22 in 1990.
644
645# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-06-12):
646#
647# As Ilieve remarks, the date `20 April 1924' in the table of ``Summer Time: A
648# Consultation Document'' (Cm 722, 1989) table is a transcription error;
649# 20 April was an Easter Sunday. Shanks has 13 April, the correct date.
650# Also, the table is not quite right for 1925 through 1938; the correct rules
651# (which Shanks uses) are given in the Summer Time Acts of 1922 and 1925.
652# Shanks and the UK Government paper disagree about the Apr 1956 transition;
653# since we have no other data, and since Shanks was correct in the other
654# points of disagreement about London, we'll believe Shanks for now.
655# Also, for lack of other data, we'll follow Shanks for Eire in 1940-1948.
656#
657# Given Peter Ilieve's comments, the following claims by Shanks are incorrect:
658# * Wales did not switch from GMT to daylight savings time until
659# 1921 Apr 3, when they began to conform with the rest of Great Britain.
660# Actually, Wales was identical after 1880.
661# * Eire had two transitions on 1916 Oct 1.
662# It actually just had one transition.
663# * Northern Ireland used single daylight savings time throughout WW II.
664# Actually, it conformed to Britain.
665# * GB-Eire changed standard time to 1 hour ahead of GMT on 1968-02-18.
666# Actually, that date saw the usual switch to summer time.
667# Standard time was not changed until 1968-10-27 (the clocks didn't change).
668#
669# The following claims by Shanks are possible though doubtful;
670# we'll ignore them for now.
671# * Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man did not switch from GMT
672# to daylight savings time until 1921 Apr 3, when they began to
673# conform with Great Britain.
674# * Dublin's 1971-10-31 switch was at 02:00, even though London's was 03:00.
675#
676#
677# Whitman says Dublin Mean Time was -0:25:21, which is more precise than Shanks.
678
679# From an anonymous contributor (1996-06-02):
680# The law governing time in Ireland is under Statutory Instrument SI 395/94,
681# which gives force to European Union 7th Council Directive # 94/21/EC.
682# Under this directive, the Minister for Justice in Ireland makes appropriate
683# regulations. I spoke this morning with the Secretary of the Department of
684# Justice (tel +353 1 678 9711) who confirmed to me that the correct name is
685# "Irish Summer Time", abbreviated to "IST".
686
687# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
688# 1916 to 1925--irregular
689Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - May 21 2:00s 1:00 BST
690Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 GMT
691Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 BST
692Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 GMT
693Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Mar 24 2:00s 1:00 BST
694Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Sep 30 2:00s 0 GMT
695Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 BST
696Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Sep 29 2:00s 0 GMT
697Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Mar 28 2:00s 1:00 BST
698Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Oct 25 2:00s 0 GMT
699Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST
700Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 GMT
701Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 BST
702Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Oct 8 2:00s 0 GMT
703Rule GB-Eire 1923 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
704Rule GB-Eire 1923 1924 - Sep Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT
705Rule GB-Eire 1924 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 BST
706# 1925 to 1939 start--regular, except for avoiding Easter
707Rule GB-Eire 1925 1926 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
708Rule GB-Eire 1925 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT
709Rule GB-Eire 1927 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 BST
710Rule GB-Eire 1928 1929 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
711Rule GB-Eire 1930 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 BST
712Rule GB-Eire 1931 1932 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
713Rule GB-Eire 1933 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 BST
714Rule GB-Eire 1934 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
715Rule GB-Eire 1935 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 BST
716Rule GB-Eire 1936 1937 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
717Rule GB-Eire 1938 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 BST
718Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
719# 1939 end to 1947--irregular, and with double summer time
720Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Nov 19 2:00s 0 GMT
721Rule GB-Eire 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00s 1:00 BST
| 630# The [GB-Eire] end date of 22 October [1995] conflicts with your current rule
631# of Oct Sun>=23, and the historical UK formula of Sun after 4th Sat.
632# The last time 4th Sun and Sun after 4th Sat differed was in 1989,
633# when 29 October was used. That year was covered by a UK Summer Time Order
634# for only a single year and it looks as though there was a matching 4th EC
635# directive for just this year. I don't have the text of the 5th EC
636# directive (for 1990--92) but my guess would be it said 4th Sun.
637# To maintain strict historical accuracy you could start a new UK ending rule
638# of Oct Sun>=22 in 1990.
639
640# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-06-12):
641#
642# As Ilieve remarks, the date `20 April 1924' in the table of ``Summer Time: A
643# Consultation Document'' (Cm 722, 1989) table is a transcription error;
644# 20 April was an Easter Sunday. Shanks has 13 April, the correct date.
645# Also, the table is not quite right for 1925 through 1938; the correct rules
646# (which Shanks uses) are given in the Summer Time Acts of 1922 and 1925.
647# Shanks and the UK Government paper disagree about the Apr 1956 transition;
648# since we have no other data, and since Shanks was correct in the other
649# points of disagreement about London, we'll believe Shanks for now.
650# Also, for lack of other data, we'll follow Shanks for Eire in 1940-1948.
651#
652# Given Peter Ilieve's comments, the following claims by Shanks are incorrect:
653# * Wales did not switch from GMT to daylight savings time until
654# 1921 Apr 3, when they began to conform with the rest of Great Britain.
655# Actually, Wales was identical after 1880.
656# * Eire had two transitions on 1916 Oct 1.
657# It actually just had one transition.
658# * Northern Ireland used single daylight savings time throughout WW II.
659# Actually, it conformed to Britain.
660# * GB-Eire changed standard time to 1 hour ahead of GMT on 1968-02-18.
661# Actually, that date saw the usual switch to summer time.
662# Standard time was not changed until 1968-10-27 (the clocks didn't change).
663#
664# The following claims by Shanks are possible though doubtful;
665# we'll ignore them for now.
666# * Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man did not switch from GMT
667# to daylight savings time until 1921 Apr 3, when they began to
668# conform with Great Britain.
669# * Dublin's 1971-10-31 switch was at 02:00, even though London's was 03:00.
670#
671#
672# Whitman says Dublin Mean Time was -0:25:21, which is more precise than Shanks.
673
674# From an anonymous contributor (1996-06-02):
675# The law governing time in Ireland is under Statutory Instrument SI 395/94,
676# which gives force to European Union 7th Council Directive # 94/21/EC.
677# Under this directive, the Minister for Justice in Ireland makes appropriate
678# regulations. I spoke this morning with the Secretary of the Department of
679# Justice (tel +353 1 678 9711) who confirmed to me that the correct name is
680# "Irish Summer Time", abbreviated to "IST".
681
682# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
683# 1916 to 1925--irregular
684Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - May 21 2:00s 1:00 BST
685Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 GMT
686Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 BST
687Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 GMT
688Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Mar 24 2:00s 1:00 BST
689Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Sep 30 2:00s 0 GMT
690Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 BST
691Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Sep 29 2:00s 0 GMT
692Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Mar 28 2:00s 1:00 BST
693Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Oct 25 2:00s 0 GMT
694Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST
695Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 GMT
696Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 BST
697Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Oct 8 2:00s 0 GMT
698Rule GB-Eire 1923 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
699Rule GB-Eire 1923 1924 - Sep Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT
700Rule GB-Eire 1924 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 BST
701# 1925 to 1939 start--regular, except for avoiding Easter
702Rule GB-Eire 1925 1926 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
703Rule GB-Eire 1925 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT
704Rule GB-Eire 1927 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 BST
705Rule GB-Eire 1928 1929 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
706Rule GB-Eire 1930 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 BST
707Rule GB-Eire 1931 1932 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
708Rule GB-Eire 1933 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 BST
709Rule GB-Eire 1934 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
710Rule GB-Eire 1935 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 BST
711Rule GB-Eire 1936 1937 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
712Rule GB-Eire 1938 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 BST
713Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
714# 1939 end to 1947--irregular, and with double summer time
715Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Nov 19 2:00s 0 GMT
716Rule GB-Eire 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
722Rule GB-Eire 1941 only - May Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 DST
| 717Rule GB-Eire 1941 only - May Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST
|
723Rule GB-Eire 1941 1943 - Aug Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST
| 718Rule GB-Eire 1941 1943 - Aug Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST
|
724Rule GB-Eire 1942 1944 - Apr Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 DST
| 719Rule GB-Eire 1942 1944 - Apr Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST
|
725Rule GB-Eire 1944 only - Sep Sun>=16 1:00s 1:00 BST
726# Double daylight starts on a Monday in 1945--see above.
| 720Rule GB-Eire 1944 only - Sep Sun>=16 1:00s 1:00 BST
721# Double daylight starts on a Monday in 1945--see above.
|
727Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Apr 2 1:00s 2:00 DST
| 722Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Apr 2 1:00s 2:00 BDST
|
728Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Jul 15 1:00s 1:00 BST
729Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 GMT
730Rule GB-Eire 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 BST
731Rule GB-Eire 1946 only - Oct 6 2:00s 0 GMT
732Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Mar 16 2:00s 1:00 BST
| 723Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Jul 15 1:00s 1:00 BST
724Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 GMT
725Rule GB-Eire 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 BST
726Rule GB-Eire 1946 only - Oct 6 2:00s 0 GMT
727Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Mar 16 2:00s 1:00 BST
|
733Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Apr 13 1:00s 2:00 DST
| 728Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Apr 13 1:00s 2:00 BDST
|
734Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Aug 10 1:00s 1:00 BST
735Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 GMT
736# So much for double saving time. 1948 and 1949, irregular.
737Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Mar 14 2:00s 1:00 BST
738Rule GB-Eire 1948 1949 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 GMT
739Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST
740# 1950 through start of 1953, regular.
741Rule GB-Eire 1950 1953 - Apr Sun>=14 2:00s 1:00 BST
742Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00s 0 GMT
743# 1954 to 1980, starting rules
744Rule GB-Eire 1954 only - Apr 11 2:00s 1:00 BST
745Rule GB-Eire 1955 1956 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
746Rule GB-Eire 1957 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 BST
747Rule GB-Eire 1958 1959 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
748Rule GB-Eire 1960 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 BST
749Rule GB-Eire 1961 1963 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 BST
750Rule GB-Eire 1964 1967 - Mar Sun>=19 2:00s 1:00 BST
751Rule GB-Eire 1968 only - Feb 18 2:00s 1:00 BST
752Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
753# 1953 to 1980, ending rules
754Rule GB-Eire 1953 1960 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 GMT
755Rule GB-Eire 1961 1968 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT
756Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT
757# 1981 on
758Rule GB-Eire 1981 1995 - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 BST
759Rule GB-Eire 1981 1989 - Oct Sun>=23 1:00u 0 GMT
760Rule GB-Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u 0 GMT
761# See EU for rules starting in 1996.
762
763# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
764Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Sep 22
765 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27
766 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
767 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996
768 0:00 EU GMT/BST
769Zone Europe/Belfast -0:23:40 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
770 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 # Dublin MT
| 729Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Aug 10 1:00s 1:00 BST
730Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 GMT
731# So much for double saving time. 1948 and 1949, irregular.
732Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Mar 14 2:00s 1:00 BST
733Rule GB-Eire 1948 1949 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 GMT
734Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST
735# 1950 through start of 1953, regular.
736Rule GB-Eire 1950 1953 - Apr Sun>=14 2:00s 1:00 BST
737Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00s 0 GMT
738# 1954 to 1980, starting rules
739Rule GB-Eire 1954 only - Apr 11 2:00s 1:00 BST
740Rule GB-Eire 1955 1956 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
741Rule GB-Eire 1957 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 BST
742Rule GB-Eire 1958 1959 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
743Rule GB-Eire 1960 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 BST
744Rule GB-Eire 1961 1963 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 BST
745Rule GB-Eire 1964 1967 - Mar Sun>=19 2:00s 1:00 BST
746Rule GB-Eire 1968 only - Feb 18 2:00s 1:00 BST
747Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
748# 1953 to 1980, ending rules
749Rule GB-Eire 1953 1960 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 GMT
750Rule GB-Eire 1961 1968 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT
751Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT
752# 1981 on
753Rule GB-Eire 1981 1995 - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 BST
754Rule GB-Eire 1981 1989 - Oct Sun>=23 1:00u 0 GMT
755Rule GB-Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u 0 GMT
756# See EU for rules starting in 1996.
757
758# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
759Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Sep 22
760 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27
761 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
762 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996
763 0:00 EU GMT/BST
764Zone Europe/Belfast -0:23:40 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
765 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 # Dublin MT
|
771 -0:25:21 1:00 DST 1916 Oct 1 3:00
| 766 -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 3:00 # Irish Summer Time
|
772 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27
773 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
774 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996
775 0:00 EU GMT/BST
776Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:21 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
777 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 # Dublin MT
| 767 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27
768 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
769 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996
770 0:00 EU GMT/BST
771Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:21 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
772 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 # Dublin MT
|
778 -0:25:21 1:00 DST 1916 Oct 1 3:00
779 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1921 Dec 6
| 773 -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 3:00
774 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1921 Dec 6 # independence
|
780 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1940 Feb 25 2:00
781 0:00 1:00 IST 1946 Oct 6 2:00
782 0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00
783 0:00 1:00 IST 1947 Nov 2 2:00
784 0:00 - GMT 1948 Apr 18 2:00
785 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1968 Oct 27
786 1:00 - IST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
787 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1996
788 0:00 EU GMT/IST
789
| 775 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1940 Feb 25 2:00
776 0:00 1:00 IST 1946 Oct 6 2:00
777 0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00
778 0:00 1:00 IST 1947 Nov 2 2:00
779 0:00 - GMT 1948 Apr 18 2:00
780 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1968 Oct 27
781 1:00 - IST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
782 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1996
783 0:00 EU GMT/IST
784
|
790# ZONE-DESCR Europe London United_Kingdom All points except N. Ireland
791# ZONE-DESCR Europe Belfast United_Kingdom Northern Ireland
792# ZONE-DESCR Europe Dublin Eire All points
793
| |
794###############################################################################
795
796# Continental Europe
797
798# EU rules are for the European Union, previously known as the EC, EEC,
799# Common Market, etc.
800
801# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
| 785###############################################################################
786
787# Continental Europe
788
789# EU rules are for the European Union, previously known as the EC, EEC,
790# Common Market, etc.
791
792# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
802Rule EU 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00u 1:00 " DST"
| 793Rule EU 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00u 1:00 S
|
803Rule EU 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
804Rule EU 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00u 0 -
805Rule EU 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
| 794Rule EU 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
795Rule EU 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00u 0 -
796Rule EU 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
|
806Rule EU 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 " DST"
| 797Rule EU 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
|
807Rule EU 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 -
808
809# W-Eur differs from EU only in that W-Eur uses standard time.
| 798Rule EU 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 -
799
800# W-Eur differs from EU only in that W-Eur uses standard time.
|
810Rule W-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 " DST"
| 801Rule W-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S
|
811Rule W-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
812Rule W-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00s 0 -
813Rule W-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
| 802Rule W-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
803Rule W-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00s 0 -
804Rule W-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
|
814Rule W-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 " DST"
| 805Rule W-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
|
815Rule W-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 -
816
| 806Rule W-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 -
807
|
817# Older M-Eur rules are for convenience in the tables.
818# From 1977 on, M-Eur differs from EU only in that M-Eur uses standard time.
819Rule M-Eur 1916 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 " DST"
820Rule M-Eur 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
821Rule M-Eur 1917 1918 - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
822Rule M-Eur 1917 1918 - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 -
823Rule M-Eur 1940 only - Apr 1 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
| 808# Older C-Eur rules are for convenience in the tables.
809# From 1977 on, C-Eur differs from EU only in that C-Eur uses standard time.
810Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S
811Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
812Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S
813Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 -
814Rule C-Eur 1940 only - Apr 1 2:00s 1:00 S
|
824# Whitman says 1941 DST was only from Feb 25 to Oct 5; go with Shanks.
| 815# Whitman says 1941 DST was only from Feb 25 to Oct 5; go with Shanks.
|
825Rule M-Eur 1942 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 -
826Rule M-Eur 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
827Rule M-Eur 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00s 0 -
828Rule M-Eur 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
| 816Rule C-Eur 1942 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 -
817Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00s 1:00 S
818Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00s 0 -
819Rule C-Eur 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S
|
829# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 7; go with Shanks.
| 820# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 7; go with Shanks.
|
830Rule M-Eur 1944 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 -
831Rule M-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
832Rule M-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
833Rule M-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 -
834Rule M-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
835Rule M-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
836Rule M-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
| 821Rule C-Eur 1944 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 -
822Rule C-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
823Rule C-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
824Rule C-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 -
825Rule C-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
826Rule C-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
827Rule C-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
|
837
838# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
| 828
829# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
839Rule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 " DST"
840Rule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 -
841Rule Russia 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 " DDST"
842Rule Russia 1918 only - Sep 17 0:00 1:00 " DST"
843Rule Russia 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 " DDST"
844Rule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 D
845Rule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 K
846Rule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 D
| 830Rule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 MST # Moscow Summer Time
831Rule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 MMT # Moscow Mean Time
832Rule Russia 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 MDST # Moscow Double Summer Time
833Rule Russia 1918 only - Sep 17 0:00 1:00 MST
834Rule Russia 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 MDST
835Rule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 S
836Rule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 -
837Rule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S
|
847# Shanks gives 1921 Mar 21 for the following transition.
| 838# Shanks gives 1921 Mar 21 for the following transition.
|
848# From Andrew A. Chernov <ache@astral.msk.su> (November 12, 1993):
| 839# From Andrew A. Chernov <ache@astral.msk.su> (1993-11-12):
|
849# My sources says, that it is Mar 20, not 21.
| 840# My sources says, that it is Mar 20, not 21.
|
850Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 DD
851Rule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D
852Rule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 K
853Rule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
854Rule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 K
855Rule Russia 1984 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 K
856Rule Russia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 K
857Rule Russia 1985 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
| 841Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 DS
842Rule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 S
843Rule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
844Rule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
845Rule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
846Rule Russia 1984 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
847Rule Russia 1985 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
|
858
859# These are for backward compatibility with older versions.
860
861# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
| 848
849# These are for backward compatibility with older versions.
850
851# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
862Zone WET 0:00 EU WET%s
863Zone MET 1:00 M-Eur MET%s
864Zone EET 2:00 EU EET%s
| 852Zone WET 0:00 EU WE%sT
853Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT
854Zone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT
855Zone EET 2:00 EU EE%sT
|
865
| 856
|
866# Tom Hoffman says that MET is also known as Central European Time
| 857# Previous editions of this database used abbreviations like MET DST
858# for Central European Summer Time, but this didn't agree with common usage.
|
867
| 859
|
868Link MET CET
| 860# From Markus Kuhn <mskuhn@unrza3.dialin.rrze.uni-erlangen.de> (1996-07-12):
861# The official German names ... are
862#
863# Mitteleuropaeische Zeit (MEZ) = UTC+01:00
864# Mitteleuropaeische Sommerzeit (MESZ) = UTC+02:00
865#
866# as defined in the German Time Act (Gesetz ueber die Zeitbestimmung (ZeitG),
867# 1978-07-25, Bundesgesetzblatt, Jahrgang 1978, Teil I, S. 1110-1111)....
868# I wrote ... to the German Federal Physical-Technical Institution
869#
870# Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB)
871# Laboratorium 4.41 "Zeiteinheit"
872# Postfach 3345
873# D-38023 Braunschweig
874# phone: +49 531 592-0
875#
876# ... I received today an answer letter from Dr. Peter Hetzel, head of the PTB
877# department for time and frequency transmission. He explained that the
878# PTB translates MEZ and MESZ into English as
879#
880# Central European Time (CET) = UTC+01:00
881# Central European Summer Time (CEST) = UTC+02:00
|
869
| 882
|
| 883
|
870# Albania
871# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
| 884# Albania
885# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
872Rule Albania 1940 only - Jun 16 0:00 1:00 " DST"
| 886Rule Albania 1940 only - Jun 16 0:00 1:00 S
|
873Rule Albania 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 -
| 887Rule Albania 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 -
|
874Rule Albania 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 " DST"
| 888Rule Albania 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S
|
875Rule Albania 1943 only - Apr 10 3:00 0 -
| 889Rule Albania 1943 only - Apr 10 3:00 0 -
|
876Rule Albania 1974 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 " DST"
| 890Rule Albania 1974 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 S
|
877Rule Albania 1974 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
| 891Rule Albania 1974 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
|
878Rule Albania 1975 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
| 892Rule Albania 1975 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
|
879Rule Albania 1975 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
| 893Rule Albania 1975 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
|
880Rule Albania 1976 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 " DST"
| 894Rule Albania 1976 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S
|
881Rule Albania 1976 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
| 895Rule Albania 1976 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
|
882Rule Albania 1977 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 " DST"
| 896Rule Albania 1977 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S
|
883Rule Albania 1977 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
| 897Rule Albania 1977 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
|
884Rule Albania 1978 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 " DST"
| 898Rule Albania 1978 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S
|
885Rule Albania 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
| 899Rule Albania 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
|
886Rule Albania 1979 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 " DST"
| 900Rule Albania 1979 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 S
|
887Rule Albania 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
| 901Rule Albania 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
|
888Rule Albania 1980 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 " DST"
| 902Rule Albania 1980 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 S
|
889Rule Albania 1980 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
| 903Rule Albania 1980 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
|
890Rule Albania 1981 only - Apr 26 0:00 1:00 " DST"
| 904Rule Albania 1981 only - Apr 26 0:00 1:00 S
|
891Rule Albania 1981 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 -
| 905Rule Albania 1981 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 -
|
892Rule Albania 1982 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 " DST"
| 906Rule Albania 1982 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S
|
893Rule Albania 1982 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
| 907Rule Albania 1982 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
|
894Rule Albania 1983 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 " DST"
| 908Rule Albania 1983 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 S
|
895Rule Albania 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
| 909Rule Albania 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
|
896Rule Albania 1984 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
| 910Rule Albania 1984 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
|
897Rule Albania 1984 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
898# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
899Zone Europe/Tirane 1:19:20 - LMT 1914
| 911Rule Albania 1984 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
912# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
913Zone Europe/Tirane 1:19:20 - LMT 1914
|
900 1:00 - MET 1940 Jun 16
901 1:00 Albania MET%s 1985 Mar 31 1:00
902 1:00 W-Eur MET%s
903# This may change to `EU' soon.
| 914 1:00 - CET 1940 Jun 16
915 1:00 Albania CE%sT 1985 Mar 31 1:00
916 1:00 W-Eur CE%sT
|
904
| 917
|
905# ZONE-DESCR Europe Tirane Albania All points
906
| |
907# Andorra
908# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
909Zone Europe/Andorra 0:06:04 - LMT 1901
910 0:00 - WET 1946 Sep 30
| 918# Andorra
919# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
920Zone Europe/Andorra 0:06:04 - LMT 1901
921 0:00 - WET 1946 Sep 30
|
911 1:00 - MET 1985 Mar 31 2:00
912 1:00 EU MET%s
| 922 1:00 - CET 1985 Mar 31 2:00
923 1:00 EU CE%sT
|
913
| 924
|
914# ZONE-DESCR Europe Andorra Andorra All points
915
| |
916# Austria
917# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
| 925# Austria
926# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
918Rule Austria 1920 only - Apr 5 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
| 927Rule Austria 1920 only - Apr 5 2:00s 1:00 S
|
919Rule Austria 1920 only - Sep 13 2:00s 0 -
| 928Rule Austria 1920 only - Sep 13 2:00s 0 -
|
920Rule Austria 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
| 929Rule Austria 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
|
921Rule Austria 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 -
| 930Rule Austria 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 -
|
922Rule Austria 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
| 931Rule Austria 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S
|
923Rule Austria 1946 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
| 932Rule Austria 1946 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
|
924Rule Austria 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
925Rule Austria 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
| 933Rule Austria 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S
934Rule Austria 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
|
926# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
927Zone Europe/Vienna 1:05:20 - LMT 1893 Apr
| 935# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
936Zone Europe/Vienna 1:05:20 - LMT 1893 Apr
|
928 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1918 Jun 16 3:00
929 1:00 Austria MET%s 1940 Apr 1 2:00
930 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 Apr 2 2:00
931 1:00 Austria MET%s 1981
932 1:00 EU MET%s
| 937 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Jun 16 3:00
938 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1940 Apr 1 2:00
939 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
940 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1981
941 1:00 EU CE%sT
|
933
| 942
|
934# ZONE-DESCR Europe Vienna Austria All points
935
| |
936# Belarus
937# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
938Zone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880
| 943# Belarus
944# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
945Zone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880
|
939 2:31 Russia LST%s 1919 Jul 1 2:00
940 3:00 Russia MS%s 1922 Oct
| 946 2:30:20 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 2:00
947 3:00 Russia MOS%sT 1922 Oct # Moscow Time
|
941 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
| 948 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
|
942 3:00 Russia MS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
943 2:00 1:00 "EET DST" 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
944 2:00 M-Eur EET%s
945# This may change to `EU' soon.
| 949 3:00 Russia MOS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
950 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
951 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT
|
946
| 952
|
947# ZONE-DESCR Europe Minsk Belarus All points
948
| |
949# Belgium
950# Whitman and Shanks disagree; go with Shanks, usually.
951# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
952# From Whitman:
| 953# Belgium
954# Whitman and Shanks disagree; go with Shanks, usually.
955# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
956# From Whitman:
|
953Rule Belgium 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
| 957Rule Belgium 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
|
954Rule Belgium 1919 only - Oct 4 23:00s 0 -
955# Shanks gives 1920 Feb 14 23:00s; go with Whitman.
| 958Rule Belgium 1919 only - Oct 4 23:00s 0 -
959# Shanks gives 1920 Feb 14 23:00s; go with Whitman.
|
956Rule Belgium 1920 1921 - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
| 960Rule Belgium 1920 1921 - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S
|
957Rule Belgium 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 -
958Rule Belgium 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 -
| 961Rule Belgium 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 -
962Rule Belgium 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 -
|
959Rule Belgium 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
| 963Rule Belgium 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S
|
960# Whitman gives 1927 Oct 1 2:00s and 1928 Oct 7 2:00s; go with Shanks.
961Rule Belgium 1922 1928 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
| 964# Whitman gives 1927 Oct 1 2:00s and 1928 Oct 7 2:00s; go with Shanks.
965Rule Belgium 1922 1928 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
|
962Rule Belgium 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
963Rule Belgium 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
964Rule Belgium 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
965Rule Belgium 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
966Rule Belgium 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
967Rule Belgium 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
968Rule Belgium 1929 only - Apr 21 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
| 966Rule Belgium 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00s 1:00 S
967Rule Belgium 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S
968Rule Belgium 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S
969Rule Belgium 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S
970Rule Belgium 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S
971Rule Belgium 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S
972Rule Belgium 1929 only - Apr 21 2:00s 1:00 S
|
969Rule Belgium 1929 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 -
| 973Rule Belgium 1929 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 -
|
970Rule Belgium 1930 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
971Rule Belgium 1931 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
972Rule Belgium 1932 only - Apr 17 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
973Rule Belgium 1933 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
974Rule Belgium 1934 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
975Rule Belgium 1935 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
976Rule Belgium 1936 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
| 974Rule Belgium 1930 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 S
975Rule Belgium 1931 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S
976Rule Belgium 1932 only - Apr 17 2:00s 1:00 S
977Rule Belgium 1933 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 S
978Rule Belgium 1934 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S
979Rule Belgium 1935 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S
980Rule Belgium 1936 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S
|
977# Whitman says 1937 Apr 18 2:00s; go with Shanks.
| 981# Whitman says 1937 Apr 18 2:00s; go with Shanks.
|
978Rule Belgium 1937 only - Apr 4 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
| 982Rule Belgium 1937 only - Apr 4 2:00s 1:00 S
|
979# Whitman says 1938 Apr 10 2:00s; go with Shanks.
| 983# Whitman says 1938 Apr 10 2:00s; go with Shanks.
|
980Rule Belgium 1938 only - Mar 27 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
981Rule Belgium 1939 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
| 984Rule Belgium 1938 only - Mar 27 2:00s 1:00 S
985Rule Belgium 1939 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 S
|
982Rule Belgium 1939 only - Nov 19 2:00s 0 -
| 986Rule Belgium 1939 only - Nov 19 2:00s 0 -
|
983Rule Belgium 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
| 987Rule Belgium 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
|
984Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
| 988Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
|
985Rule Belgium 1946 only - May 19 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
| 989Rule Belgium 1946 only - May 19 2:00s 1:00 S
|
986Rule Belgium 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 -
987# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
988Zone Europe/Brussels 0:17:20 - LMT 1880
| 990Rule Belgium 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 -
991# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
992Zone Europe/Brussels 0:17:20 - LMT 1880
|
989 0:17 - BST 1892 May 1 12:00
| 993 0:17:20 - BMT 1892 May 1 12:00 # Brussels MT
|
990 0:00 - WET 1914 Aug 4
| 994 0:00 - WET 1914 Aug 4
|
991 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1919 Mar 1 23:00
992 0:00 Belgium WET%s 1940 Feb 24 23:00
993 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 Apr 2 2:00
994 1:00 Belgium MET%s 1977
995 1:00 EU MET%s
| 995 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1919 Mar 1 23:00
996 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 Feb 24 23:00
997 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
998 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977
999 1:00 EU CE%sT
|
996
| 1000
|
997# ZONE-DESCR Europe Brussels Belgium All points
998
| |
999# Bosnia and Herzegovina
| 1001# Bosnia and Herzegovina
|
1000# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1918 Mar 18.
| |
1001# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1002Zone Europe/Sarajevo 1:13:40 - LMT 1884
| 1002# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1003Zone Europe/Sarajevo 1:13:40 - LMT 1884
|
1003 1:00 - MET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
1004 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 May 8 2:00s
1005 1:00 1:00 "MET DST" 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
1006 1:00 - MET 1983
1007 1:00 EU MET%s
| 1004 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
1005 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s
1006 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
1007 1:00 - CET 1983
1008 1:00 EU CE%sT
|
1008
| 1009
|
1009# ZONE-DESCR Europe Sarajevo Bosnia_and_Herzegovina All points
1010
| |
1011# Bulgaria
| 1010# Bulgaria
|
1012# Part switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1915 Nov 14;
1013# the rest switched on 1920 Sep 17.
| |
1014# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
| 1011# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
1015Rule Bulg 1979 only - Mar 31 23:00 1:00 " DST"
| 1012Rule Bulg 1979 only - Mar 31 23:00 1:00 S
|
1016Rule Bulg 1979 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
| 1013Rule Bulg 1979 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
|
1017Rule Bulg 1980 1982 - Apr Sat<=7 23:00 1:00 " DST"
| 1014Rule Bulg 1980 1982 - Apr Sat<=7 23:00 1:00 S
|
1018Rule Bulg 1980 only - Sep 29 1:00 0 -
1019Rule Bulg 1981 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 -
1020# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1021Zone Europe/Sofia 1:33:16 - LMT 1880
| 1015Rule Bulg 1980 only - Sep 29 1:00 0 -
1016Rule Bulg 1981 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 -
1017# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1018Zone Europe/Sofia 1:33:16 - LMT 1880
|
1022 1:57 - TST 1894 Nov 30
| 1019 1:56:56 - IMT 1894 Nov 30 # Istanbul MT?
|
1023 2:00 - EET 1942 Nov 2 3:00
| 1020 2:00 - EET 1942 Nov 2 3:00
|
1024 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 Apr 2 3:00
| 1021 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 3:00
|
1025 2:00 - EET 1979 Mar 31 23:00
| 1022 2:00 - EET 1979 Mar 31 23:00
|
1026 2:00 Bulg EET%s 1982 Sep 26 2:00
1027 2:00 M-Eur EET%s
1028# This may change to `EU' soon.
| 1023 2:00 Bulg EE%sT 1982 Sep 26 2:00
1024 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT
|
1029
| 1025
|
1030# ZONE-DESCR Europe Sofia Bulgaria All points
1031
| |
1032# Croatia
| 1026# Croatia
|
1033# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1918 Mar 18.
| |
1034# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1035Zone Europe/Zagreb 1:03:52 - LMT 1884
| 1027# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1028Zone Europe/Zagreb 1:03:52 - LMT 1884
|
1036 1:00 - MET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
1037 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 May 8 2:00s
1038 1:00 1:00 "MET DST" 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
1039 1:00 - MET 1983
1040 1:00 EU MET%s
| 1029 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
1030 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s
1031 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
1032 1:00 - CET 1983
1033 1:00 EU CE%sT
|
1041
| 1034
|
1042# ZONE-DESCR Europe Zagreb Croatia All points
1043
| |
1044# Czech Republic
| 1035# Czech Republic
|
| 1036# Gregorian calendar adopted 1584-01-17.
|
1045# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
| 1037# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
1046Rule Czech 1945 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
| 1038Rule Czech 1945 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S
|
1047Rule Czech 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 -
| 1039Rule Czech 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 -
|
1048Rule Czech 1946 only - May 6 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
| 1040Rule Czech 1946 only - May 6 2:00s 1:00 S
|
1049Rule Czech 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
| 1041Rule Czech 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
|
1050Rule Czech 1947 only - Apr 20 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
1051Rule Czech 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
1052Rule Czech 1949 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
| 1042Rule Czech 1947 only - Apr 20 2:00s 1:00 S
1043Rule Czech 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
1044Rule Czech 1949 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 S
|
1053# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1054Zone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850
| 1045# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1046Zone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850
|
1055 0:58 - PMT 1891 Oct # Prague Mean Time
1056 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1944 Sep 17 2:00s
1057 1:00 Czech MET%s 1979
1058 1:00 EU MET%s
| 1047 0:57:44 - PMT 1891 Oct # Prague Mean Time
1048 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 17 2:00s
1049 1:00 Czech CE%sT 1979
1050 1:00 EU CE%sT
|
1059
| 1051
|
1060# ZONE-DESCR Europe Prague Czech_Republic All points
1061
| |
1062# Denmark
| 1052# Denmark
|
| 1053# Gregorian calendar adopted 1700-03-01.
|
1063# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
| 1054# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
1064Rule Denmark 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 " DST"
| 1055Rule Denmark 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S
|
1065Rule Denmark 1916 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 -
| 1056Rule Denmark 1916 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 -
|
1066Rule Denmark 1940 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 " DST"
1067Rule Denmark 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
| 1057Rule Denmark 1940 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
1058Rule Denmark 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
|
1068Rule Denmark 1945 only - Aug 15 2:00s 0 -
| 1059Rule Denmark 1945 only - Aug 15 2:00s 0 -
|
1069Rule Denmark 1946 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
| 1060Rule Denmark 1946 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 S
|
1070Rule Denmark 1946 only - Sep 1 2:00s 0 -
| 1061Rule Denmark 1946 only - Sep 1 2:00s 0 -
|
1071Rule Denmark 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
| 1062Rule Denmark 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S
|
1072Rule Denmark 1947 only - Aug 10 2:00s 0 -
| 1063Rule Denmark 1947 only - Aug 10 2:00s 0 -
|
1073Rule Denmark 1948 only - May 9 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
| 1064Rule Denmark 1948 only - May 9 2:00s 1:00 S
|
1074Rule Denmark 1948 only - Aug 8 2:00s 0 -
1075# Whitman also gives 1949 Apr 9 to 1949 Oct 1, and disagrees in minor ways
1076# about many of the above dates; go with Shanks.
1077#
1078# For 1894, Shanks says Jan, Whitman Apr; go with Whitman.
1079# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1080Zone Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890
| 1065Rule Denmark 1948 only - Aug 8 2:00s 0 -
1066# Whitman also gives 1949 Apr 9 to 1949 Oct 1, and disagrees in minor ways
1067# about many of the above dates; go with Shanks.
1068#
1069# For 1894, Shanks says Jan, Whitman Apr; go with Whitman.
1070# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1071Zone Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890
|
1081 0:50 - CMT 1894 Apr # Copenhagen Mean Time
1082 1:00 Denmark MET%s 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
1083 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 Apr 2 2:00
1084 1:00 Denmark MET%s 1980
1085 1:00 EU MET%s
| 1072 0:50:20 - CMT 1894 Apr # Copenhagen Mean Time
1073 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
1074 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
1075 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1980
1076 1:00 EU CE%sT
|
1086Zone Atlantic/Faeroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # Torshavn
1087 0:00 - WET 1981
| 1077Zone Atlantic/Faeroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # Torshavn
1078 0:00 - WET 1981
|
1088 0:00 EU WET%s
| 1079 0:00 EU WE%sT
|
1089Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:29:00 - LMT 1916 Jul 28
| 1080Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:29:00 - LMT 1916 Jul 28
|
1090 -2:00 - MGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
1091 -2:00 M-Eur MGT%s 1981 Mar 29
1092 -1:00 M-Eur EGT%s
| 1081 -2:00 - CGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
1082 -2:00 C-Eur CG%sT 1981 Mar 29
1083 -1:00 C-Eur EG%sT
|
1093Zone America/Godthab -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28
1094 -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
| 1084Zone America/Godthab -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28
1085 -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
|
1095 -3:00 M-Eur WGT%s
| 1086 -3:00 C-Eur WG%sT
|
1096Zone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28
1097 -4:00 - AST
1098
| 1087Zone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28
1088 -4:00 - AST
1089
|
1099# ZONE-DESCR Europe Copenhagen Denmark All points except:
1100# ZONE-DESCR Atlantic Faeroe Denmark Faeroe Islands
1101
1102# ZONE-DESCR America Scoresbysund Greenland Eastern Greenland
1103# ZONE-DESCR America Godthab Greenland Western Greenland
1104# ZONE-DESCR America Thule Greenland Far Western Greenland (Thule)
1105
| |
1106# Estonia
| 1090# Estonia
|
1107# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1918 Feb 15.
1108#
| |
1109# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-10-15):
1110# A relative in Tallinn confirms the accuracy of the data for 1989 onwards
1111# [through 1994] and gives the legal authority for it,
1112# a regulation of the Government of Estonia, No. 111 of 1989....
1113# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1114Zone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880
| 1091# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-10-15):
1092# A relative in Tallinn confirms the accuracy of the data for 1989 onwards
1093# [through 1994] and gives the legal authority for it,
1094# a regulation of the Government of Estonia, No. 111 of 1989....
1095# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1096Zone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880
|
1115 1:39 - LST 1918 Feb
1116 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1919 Jul
1117 1:39 - LST 1921 May
| 1097 1:39:00 - TMT 1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time
1098 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1919 Jul
1099 1:39:00 - TMT 1921 May
|
1118 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 6
| 1100 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 6
|
1119 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 15
1120 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1944 Sep 22
1121 3:00 Russia MS%s 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
1122 2:00 1:00 "EET DST" 1989 Sep 24 2:00s
1123 2:00 M-Eur EET%s
1124# This may change to `EU' soon.
| 1101 3:00 - MOST 1941 Sep 15 # Moscow Time
1102 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 22
1103 3:00 Russia MOS%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
1104 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep 24 2:00s
1105 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT
|
1125
| 1106
|
1126# ZONE-DESCR Europe Tallinn Estonia All points
1127
| |
1128# Finland
| 1107# Finland
|
| 1108# See Sweden for when the Gregorian calendar was adopted.
|
1129#
1130# From Hannu Strang <chs@apu.fi> (25 Sep 1994 06:03:37 UTC):
1131# Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one,
1132# and it's supposed to change at 4am...
1133#
1134# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (25 Sep 1994):
1135# Shanks says Finland has switched at 02:00 standard time since 1981.
1136# Go with Strang instead.
1137#
1138# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
| 1109#
1110# From Hannu Strang <chs@apu.fi> (25 Sep 1994 06:03:37 UTC):
1111# Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one,
1112# and it's supposed to change at 4am...
1113#
1114# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (25 Sep 1994):
1115# Shanks says Finland has switched at 02:00 standard time since 1981.
1116# Go with Strang instead.
1117#
1118# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
1139Rule Finland 1942 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 " DST"
| 1119Rule Finland 1942 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
|
1140Rule Finland 1942 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
1141# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1142Zone Europe/Helsinki 1:39:52 - LMT 1878 May 31
| 1120Rule Finland 1942 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
1121# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1122Zone Europe/Helsinki 1:39:52 - LMT 1878 May 31
|
1143 1:40 - HMT 1921 May # Helsinki Mean Time
1144 2:00 Finland EET%s 1981 Mar 29 2:00
1145 2:00 EU EET%s
| 1123 1:39:52 - HMT 1921 May # Helsinki Mean Time
1124 2:00 Finland EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00
1125 2:00 EU EE%sT
|
1146
| 1126
|
1147# ZONE-DESCR Europe Helsinki Finland All points
1148
| |
1149# France
| 1127# France
|
| 1128# Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-12-20.
1129# French Revolutionary calendar used 1792-09-22 - 1805-12-31.
1130#
|
1150# Shanks seems to use `24:00' ambiguously; we resolve it with Whitman.
1151# From Shanks (1991):
1152# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
| 1131# Shanks seems to use `24:00' ambiguously; we resolve it with Whitman.
1132# From Shanks (1991):
1133# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
1153Rule France 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
| 1134Rule France 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S
|
1154Rule France 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
| 1135Rule France 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
|
1155Rule France 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1156Rule France 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1157Rule France 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1158Rule France 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
| 1136Rule France 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S
1137Rule France 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S
1138Rule France 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
1139Rule France 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S
|
1159Rule France 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 -
| 1140Rule France 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 -
|
1160Rule France 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
| 1141Rule France 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S
|
1161Rule France 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 -
| 1142Rule France 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 -
|
1162Rule France 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
| 1143Rule France 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S
|
1163Rule France 1922 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
| 1144Rule France 1922 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
|
1164Rule France 1923 only - May 26 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1165Rule France 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1166Rule France 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1167Rule France 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1168Rule France 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1169Rule France 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1170Rule France 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1171Rule France 1930 only - Apr 12 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1172Rule France 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1173Rule France 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1174Rule France 1933 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1175Rule France 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1176Rule France 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1177Rule France 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1178Rule France 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1179Rule France 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1180Rule France 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
| 1145Rule France 1923 only - May 26 23:00s 1:00 S
1146Rule France 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S
1147Rule France 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S
1148Rule France 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S
1149Rule France 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S
1150Rule France 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S
1151Rule France 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S
1152Rule France 1930 only - Apr 12 23:00s 1:00 S
1153Rule France 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S
1154Rule France 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S
1155Rule France 1933 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S
1156Rule France 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S
1157Rule France 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S
1158Rule France 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S
1159Rule France 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S
1160Rule France 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S
1161Rule France 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
|
1181Rule France 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 -
| 1162Rule France 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 -
|
1182Rule France 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 " DST"
| 1163Rule France 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S
|
1183# The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris,
1184# but were used in other places (e.g. Monaco).
| 1164# The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris,
1165# but were used in other places (e.g. Monaco).
|
1185Rule France 1941 only - May 5 0:00 2:00 " DDST"
1186Rule France 1941 only - Oct 6 1:00 1:00 " DST"
1187Rule France 1942 only - Mar 8 0:00 2:00 " DDST"
1188Rule France 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 1:00 " DST"
1189Rule France 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 2:00 " DDST"
1190Rule France 1943 only - Nov 4 3:00 1:00 " DST"
1191Rule France 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00 2:00 " DDST"
1192Rule France 1944 only - Oct 8 1:00 1:00 " DST"
1193Rule France 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 2:00 " DDST"
| 1166Rule France 1941 only - May 5 0:00 2:00 DS
1167Rule France 1941 only - Oct 6 1:00 1:00 S
1168Rule France 1942 only - Mar 8 0:00 2:00 DS
1169Rule France 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 1:00 S
1170Rule France 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 2:00 DS
1171Rule France 1943 only - Nov 4 3:00 1:00 S
1172Rule France 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00 2:00 DS
1173Rule France 1944 only - Oct 8 1:00 1:00 S
1174Rule France 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 2:00 DS
|
1194Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 -
| 1175Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 -
|
1195Rule France 1976 only - Mar 28 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
| 1176Rule France 1976 only - Mar 28 2:00s 1:00 S
|
1196Rule France 1976 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
1197# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time, and Whitman gives 0:09:05,
1198# but Howse quotes the actual French legislation as saying 0:09:21.
1199# Go with Howse. Howse writes that the time in France was officially based
1200# on PMT-0:09:21 until 1978-08-09, when the time base finally switched to UTC.
1201# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1202Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01
1203 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
| 1177Rule France 1976 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
1178# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time, and Whitman gives 0:09:05,
1179# but Howse quotes the actual French legislation as saying 0:09:21.
1180# Go with Howse. Howse writes that the time in France was officially based
1181# on PMT-0:09:21 until 1978-08-09, when the time base finally switched to UTC.
1182# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1183Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01
1184 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
|
1204 0:00 France WET%s 1940 Jun 14
1205 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1944 Aug 25
1206 0:00 France WET%s 1945 Sep 16 3:00
1207 1:00 France MET%s 1977
1208 1:00 EU MET%s
| 1185 0:00 France WE%sT 1940 Jun 14
1186 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 25
1187 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
1188 1:00 France CE%sT 1977
1189 1:00 EU CE%sT
|
1209
| 1190
|
1210# ZONE-DESCR Europe Paris France All points
1211
| |
1212# Germany
| 1191# Germany
|
| 1192
|
1213# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
| 1193# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
1214Rule Germany 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
1215Rule Germany 1945 only - May 24 2:00 2:00 " DDST"
1216Rule Germany 1945 only - Sep 24 3:00 1:00 " DST"
| 1194Rule Germany 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
1195Rule Germany 1945 only - May 24 2:00 2:00 DS
1196Rule Germany 1945 only - Sep 24 3:00 1:00 S
|
1217Rule Germany 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 -
| 1197Rule Germany 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 -
|
1218Rule Germany 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
| 1198Rule Germany 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S
|
1219# Whitman gives 1948 Oct 31; go with Shanks.
1220Rule Germany 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
| 1199# Whitman gives 1948 Oct 31; go with Shanks.
1200Rule Germany 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
|
1221Rule Germany 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
1222Rule Germany 1947 only - May 11 2:00s 2:00 " DDST"
1223Rule Germany 1947 only - Jun 29 3:00 1:00 " DST"
1224Rule Germany 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
1225Rule Germany 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
| 1201Rule Germany 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S
1202Rule Germany 1947 only - May 11 2:00s 2:00 DS
1203Rule Germany 1947 only - Jun 29 3:00 1:00 S
1204Rule Germany 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
1205Rule Germany 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S
|
1226# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1227Zone Europe/Berlin 0:53:28 - LMT 1893 Apr
| 1206# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1207Zone Europe/Berlin 0:53:28 - LMT 1893 Apr
|
1228 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 Apr 2 2:00
1229 1:00 Germany MET%s 1980
1230 1:00 EU MET%s
| 1208 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
1209 1:00 Germany CE%sT 1980
1210 1:00 EU CE%sT
|
1231
| 1211
|
1232# ZONE-DESCR Europe Berlin Germany All points
1233
| |
1234# Gibraltar
1235# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1236Zone Europe/Gibraltar -0:21:24 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
1237 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1957 Apr 14 2:00
| 1212# Gibraltar
1213# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1214Zone Europe/Gibraltar -0:21:24 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
1215 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1957 Apr 14 2:00
|
1238 1:00 - MET 1982
1239 1:00 EU MET%s
| 1216 1:00 - CET 1982
1217 1:00 EU CE%sT
|
1240
| 1218
|
1241# ZONE-DESCR Europe Gibraltar United_Kingdom Gibraltar
1242
| |
1243# Greece
| 1219# Greece
|
1244# They adopted the Julian calendar in 1846.
1245# Part switched to the Gregorian calendar on 1916 Jul 28.
1246# The rest switched on 1920 Mar 18.
| |
1247# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1248# Whitman gives 1932 Jul 5 - Nov 1; go with Shanks.
| 1220# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1221# Whitman gives 1932 Jul 5 - Nov 1; go with Shanks.
|
1249Rule Greece 1932 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 " DST"
| 1222Rule Greece 1932 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 S
|
1250Rule Greece 1932 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
1251# Whitman gives 1941 Apr 25 - ?; go with Shanks.
| 1223Rule Greece 1932 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
1224# Whitman gives 1941 Apr 25 - ?; go with Shanks.
|
1252Rule Greece 1941 only - Apr 7 0:00 1:00 " DST"
| 1225Rule Greece 1941 only - Apr 7 0:00 1:00 S
|
1253# Whitman gives 1942 Feb 2 - ?; go with Shanks.
1254Rule Greece 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 -
| 1226# Whitman gives 1942 Feb 2 - ?; go with Shanks.
1227Rule Greece 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 -
|
1255Rule Greece 1943 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 " DST"
| 1228Rule Greece 1943 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S
|
1256Rule Greece 1943 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
1257# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 3 - Oct 31; go with Shanks.
| 1229Rule Greece 1943 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
1230# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 3 - Oct 31; go with Shanks.
|
1258Rule Greece 1952 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
| 1231Rule Greece 1952 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S
|
1259Rule Greece 1952 only - Nov 2 0:00 0 -
| 1232Rule Greece 1952 only - Nov 2 0:00 0 -
|
1260Rule Greece 1975 only - Apr 12 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
| 1233Rule Greece 1975 only - Apr 12 0:00s 1:00 S
|
1261Rule Greece 1975 only - Nov 26 0:00s 0 -
| 1234Rule Greece 1975 only - Nov 26 0:00s 0 -
|
1262Rule Greece 1976 only - Apr 11 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
| 1235Rule Greece 1976 only - Apr 11 2:00s 1:00 S
|
1263Rule Greece 1976 only - Oct 10 2:00s 0 -
| 1236Rule Greece 1976 only - Oct 10 2:00s 0 -
|
1264Rule Greece 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
| 1237Rule Greece 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
|
1265Rule Greece 1977 only - Sep 26 2:00s 0 -
1266Rule Greece 1978 only - Sep 24 4:00 0 -
| 1238Rule Greece 1977 only - Sep 26 2:00s 0 -
1239Rule Greece 1978 only - Sep 24 4:00 0 -
|
1267Rule Greece 1979 only - Apr 1 9:00 1:00 " DST"
| 1240Rule Greece 1979 only - Apr 1 9:00 1:00 S
|
1268Rule Greece 1979 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 -
| 1241Rule Greece 1979 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 -
|
1269Rule Greece 1980 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
| 1242Rule Greece 1980 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
|
1270Rule Greece 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
1271# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1272Zone Europe/Athens 1:34:52 - LMT 1895 Sep 14
| 1243Rule Greece 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
1244# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1245Zone Europe/Athens 1:34:52 - LMT 1895 Sep 14
|
1273 1:35 - AMT 1916 Jul 28 0:01 # Athens MT
1274 2:00 Greece EET%s 1941 Apr 30
1275 1:00 Greece MET%s 1944 Apr 4
1276 2:00 Greece EET%s 1981
1277 # Shanks says they switched to M-Eur in 1981;
| 1246 1:34:52 - AMT 1916 Jul 28 0:01 # Athens MT
1247 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1941 Apr 30
1248 1:00 Greece CE%sT 1944 Apr 4
1249 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1981
1250 # Shanks says they switched to C-Eur in 1981;
|
1278 # go with EU intead, since Greece joined it on Jan 1.
| 1251 # go with EU intead, since Greece joined it on Jan 1.
|
1279 2:00 EU EET%s
| 1252 2:00 EU EE%sT
|
1280
| 1253
|
1281# ZONE-DESCR Europe Athens Greece All points
1282
| |
1283# Hungary
| 1254# Hungary
|
| 1255# Gregorian calendar adopted 1587-11-01.
|
1284# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
| 1256# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
1285Rule Hungary 1918 only - Apr 1 3:00 1:00 " DST"
| 1257Rule Hungary 1918 only - Apr 1 3:00 1:00 S
|
1286Rule Hungary 1918 only - Sep 29 3:00 0 -
| 1258Rule Hungary 1918 only - Sep 29 3:00 0 -
|
1287Rule Hungary 1919 only - Apr 15 3:00 1:00 " DST"
| 1259Rule Hungary 1919 only - Apr 15 3:00 1:00 S
|
1288Rule Hungary 1919 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 -
| 1260Rule Hungary 1919 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 -
|
1289Rule Hungary 1920 only - Apr 5 3:00 1:00 " DST"
| 1261Rule Hungary 1920 only - Apr 5 3:00 1:00 S
|
1290Rule Hungary 1920 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
| 1262Rule Hungary 1920 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
|
1291Rule Hungary 1945 only - May 1 23:00 1:00 " DST"
| 1263Rule Hungary 1945 only - May 1 23:00 1:00 S
|
1292Rule Hungary 1945 only - Nov 3 0:00 0 -
| 1264Rule Hungary 1945 only - Nov 3 0:00 0 -
|
1293Rule Hungary 1946 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
| 1265Rule Hungary 1946 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S
|
1294Rule Hungary 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
| 1266Rule Hungary 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
|
1295Rule Hungary 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=4 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
1296Rule Hungary 1950 only - Apr 17 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
| 1267Rule Hungary 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=4 2:00s 1:00 S
1268Rule Hungary 1950 only - Apr 17 2:00s 1:00 S
|
1297Rule Hungary 1950 only - Oct 23 2:00s 0 -
| 1269Rule Hungary 1950 only - Oct 23 2:00s 0 -
|
1298Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - May 23 0:00 1:00 " DST"
| 1270Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - May 23 0:00 1:00 S
|
1299Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
| 1271Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
|
1300Rule Hungary 1956 only - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
| 1272Rule Hungary 1956 only - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
|
1301Rule Hungary 1956 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
| 1273Rule Hungary 1956 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
|
1302Rule Hungary 1957 only - Jun Sun>=1 1:00 1:00 " DST"
| 1274Rule Hungary 1957 only - Jun Sun>=1 1:00 1:00 S
|
1303Rule Hungary 1957 only - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 -
| 1275Rule Hungary 1957 only - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 -
|
1304Rule Hungary 1980 only - Apr 6 1:00 1:00 " DST"
| 1276Rule Hungary 1980 only - Apr 6 1:00 1:00 S
|
1305# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1306Zone Europe/Budapest 1:16:20 - LMT 1890 Oct
| 1277# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1278Zone Europe/Budapest 1:16:20 - LMT 1890 Oct
|
1307 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1918
1308 1:00 Hungary MET%s 1941 Apr 6 2:00
1309 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 May 1 23:00
1310 1:00 Hungary MET%s 1980 Sep 28 2:00s
1311 1:00 EU MET%s
| 1279 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918
1280 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1941 Apr 6 2:00
1281 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 1 23:00
1282 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1980 Sep 28 2:00s
1283 1:00 EU CE%sT
|
1312
| 1284
|
1313# ZONE-DESCR Europe Budapest Hungary All points
1314
| |
1315# Iceland
1316#
| 1285# Iceland
1286#
|
1317# From Adam David <adam@veda.is> (November 6, 1993):
| 1287# From Adam David <adam@veda.is> (1993-11-06):
|
1318# The name of the timezone in Iceland for system / mail / news purposes is GMT.
1319#
| 1288# The name of the timezone in Iceland for system / mail / news purposes is GMT.
1289#
|
1320# (December 5, 1993):
| 1290# (1993-12-05):
|
1321# This material is paraphrased from the 1988 edition of the University of
1322# Iceland Almanak.
1323#
1324# From January 1st, 1908 the whole of Iceland was standardised at 1 hour
1325# behind GMT. Previously, local mean solar time was used in different parts
1326# of Iceland, the almanak had been based on Reykjavik mean solar time which
1327# was 1 hour and 28 minutes behind GMT.
1328#
1329# "first day of winter" referred to [below] means the first day of the 26 weeks
1330# of winter, according to the old icelandic calendar that dates back to the
1331# time the norsemen first settled Iceland. The first day of winter is always
1332# Saturday, but is not dependent on the Julian or Gregorian calendars.
1333#
| 1291# This material is paraphrased from the 1988 edition of the University of
1292# Iceland Almanak.
1293#
1294# From January 1st, 1908 the whole of Iceland was standardised at 1 hour
1295# behind GMT. Previously, local mean solar time was used in different parts
1296# of Iceland, the almanak had been based on Reykjavik mean solar time which
1297# was 1 hour and 28 minutes behind GMT.
1298#
1299# "first day of winter" referred to [below] means the first day of the 26 weeks
1300# of winter, according to the old icelandic calendar that dates back to the
1301# time the norsemen first settled Iceland. The first day of winter is always
1302# Saturday, but is not dependent on the Julian or Gregorian calendars.
1303#
|
1334# (December 10, 1993):
| 1304# (1993-12-10):
|
1335# I have a reference from the Oxford Icelandic-English dictionary for the
1336# beginning of winter, which ties it to the ecclesiastical calendar (and thus
1337# to the julian/gregorian calendar) over the period in question.
1338# the winter begins on the Saturday next before St. Luke's day
1339# (old style), or on St. Luke's day, if a Saturday.
1340# St. Luke's day ought to be traceable from ecclesiastical sources. "old style"
1341# might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it
| 1305# I have a reference from the Oxford Icelandic-English dictionary for the
1306# beginning of winter, which ties it to the ecclesiastical calendar (and thus
1307# to the julian/gregorian calendar) over the period in question.
1308# the winter begins on the Saturday next before St. Luke's day
1309# (old style), or on St. Luke's day, if a Saturday.
1310# St. Luke's day ought to be traceable from ecclesiastical sources. "old style"
1311# might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it
|
1342# might mean something else (???). The Gregorian calendar was not introduced
1343# in Iceland until 1700.
| 1312# might mean something else (???).
|
1344#
| 1313#
|
1345# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (December 9, 1993):
| 1314# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1993-12-09):
|
1346# The Iceland Almanak, Shanks and Whitman disagree on many points.
1347# We go with the Almanak, except for one claim from Shanks, namely that
1348# Reykavik was -1:28 from 1837 to 1908, local mean time before that.
1349#
1350# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
| 1315# The Iceland Almanak, Shanks and Whitman disagree on many points.
1316# We go with the Almanak, except for one claim from Shanks, namely that
1317# Reykavik was -1:28 from 1837 to 1908, local mean time before that.
1318#
1319# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
1351Rule Iceland 1917 1918 - Feb 19 23:00 1:00 D
1352Rule Iceland 1917 only - Oct 21 1:00 0 S
1353Rule Iceland 1918 only - Nov 16 1:00 0 S
1354Rule Iceland 1939 only - Apr 29 23:00 1:00 D
1355Rule Iceland 1939 only - Nov 29 2:00 0 S
1356Rule Iceland 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 D
1357Rule Iceland 1940 only - Nov 3 2:00 0 S
1358Rule Iceland 1941 only - Mar 2 1:00s 1:00 D
1359Rule Iceland 1941 only - Nov 2 1:00s 0 S
1360Rule Iceland 1942 only - Mar 8 1:00s 1:00 D
1361Rule Iceland 1942 only - Oct 25 1:00s 0 S
| 1320Rule Iceland 1917 1918 - Feb 19 23:00 1:00 S
1321Rule Iceland 1917 only - Oct 21 1:00 0 -
1322Rule Iceland 1918 only - Nov 16 1:00 0 -
1323Rule Iceland 1939 only - Apr 29 23:00 1:00 S
1324Rule Iceland 1939 only - Nov 29 2:00 0 -
1325Rule Iceland 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S
1326Rule Iceland 1940 only - Nov 3 2:00 0 -
1327Rule Iceland 1941 only - Mar 2 1:00s 1:00 S
1328Rule Iceland 1941 only - Nov 2 1:00s 0 -
1329Rule Iceland 1942 only - Mar 8 1:00s 1:00 S
1330Rule Iceland 1942 only - Oct 25 1:00s 0 -
|
1362# 1943-1946 - first Sunday in March until first Sunday in winter
| 1331# 1943-1946 - first Sunday in March until first Sunday in winter
|
1363Rule Iceland 1943 1946 - Mar Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 D
1364Rule Iceland 1943 1948 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 S
| 1332Rule Iceland 1943 1946 - Mar Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S
1333Rule Iceland 1943 1948 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 -
|
1365# 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter
| 1334# 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter
|
1366Rule Iceland 1947 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 D
| 1335Rule Iceland 1947 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S
|
1367# 1949 Oct transition delayed by 1 week
| 1336# 1949 Oct transition delayed by 1 week
|
1368Rule Iceland 1949 only - Oct 30 1:00s 0 S
1369Rule Iceland 1950 1966 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 S
1370Rule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 S
| 1337Rule Iceland 1949 only - Oct 30 1:00s 0 -
1338Rule Iceland 1950 1966 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 -
1339Rule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 -
|
1371# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1372Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:27:24 - LMT 1837
| 1340# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1341Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:27:24 - LMT 1837
|
1373 -1:28 - RMT 1908 # Reykjavik Mean Time
1374 -1:00 Iceland I%sT 1968 Apr 7 1:00s
| 1342 -1:27:48 - RMT 1908 # Reykjavik Mean Time?
1343 -1:00 Iceland IS%sT 1968 Apr 7 1:00s
|
1375 0:00 - GMT
1376
| 1344 0:00 - GMT
1345
|
1377# ZONE-DESCR Atlantic Reykjavik Iceland All points
1378
| |
1379# Italy
| 1346# Italy
|
| 1347# Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-10-15.
1348#
|
1380# From Paul Eggert (1996-05-06):
1381# For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks, Whitman, and F. Pollastri
| 1349# From Paul Eggert (1996-05-06):
1350# For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks, Whitman, and F. Pollastri
|
1382# <URL:http://pisolo.cstv.to.cnr.it/toi/uk/ienitlt.html> (see `FP' below),
1383# taken from a publication of the Italian National Electrotechnical Institute.
| 1351# <URL:http://pisolo.cstv.to.cnr.it/toi/uk/ienitlt.html> (1996-03-14) (`FP'
1352# below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute publication.
|
1384# When the three sources disagree, guess who's right, as follows:
1385#
1386# year FP Shanks (S) Whitman (W) Go with:
1387# 1916 06-03 06-03 24:00 06-03 00:00 FP & W
1388# 09-30 09-30 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s
1389# 1917 04-01 03-31 24:00 03-31 00:00 FP & S
1390# 09-30 09-29 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP & W
1391# 1918 03-09 03-09 24:00 03-09 00:00 FP & S
1392# 10-06 10-05 24:00 10-06 01:00 FP & W
1393# 1919 03-01 03-01 24:00 03-01 00:00 FP & S
1394# 10-04 10-04 24:00 10-04 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s
1395# 1920 03-20 03-20 24:00 03-20 00:00 FP & S
1396# 09-18 09-18 24:00 10-01 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s
| 1353# When the three sources disagree, guess who's right, as follows:
1354#
1355# year FP Shanks (S) Whitman (W) Go with:
1356# 1916 06-03 06-03 24:00 06-03 00:00 FP & W
1357# 09-30 09-30 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s
1358# 1917 04-01 03-31 24:00 03-31 00:00 FP & S
1359# 09-30 09-29 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP & W
1360# 1918 03-09 03-09 24:00 03-09 00:00 FP & S
1361# 10-06 10-05 24:00 10-06 01:00 FP & W
1362# 1919 03-01 03-01 24:00 03-01 00:00 FP & S
1363# 10-04 10-04 24:00 10-04 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s
1364# 1920 03-20 03-20 24:00 03-20 00:00 FP & S
1365# 09-18 09-18 24:00 10-01 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s
|
1397# 1944 04-02 04-03 02:00 S (see M-Eur)
| 1366# 1944 04-02 04-03 02:00 S (see C-Eur)
|
1398# 09-16 10-02 03:00 FP; guess 24:00s
1399# 1945 09-14 09-16 24:00 FP; guess 24:00s
1400# 1970 05-21 05-31 00:00 S
1401# 09-20 09-27 00:00 S
1402#
1403# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
| 1367# 09-16 10-02 03:00 FP; guess 24:00s
1368# 1945 09-14 09-16 24:00 FP; guess 24:00s
1369# 1970 05-21 05-31 00:00 S
1370# 09-20 09-27 00:00 S
1371#
1372# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
1404Rule Italy 1916 only - Jun 3 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
| 1373Rule Italy 1916 only - Jun 3 0:00s 1:00 S
|
1405Rule Italy 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
| 1374Rule Italy 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
|
1406Rule Italy 1917 only - Apr 1 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
| 1375Rule Italy 1917 only - Apr 1 0:00s 1:00 S
|
1407Rule Italy 1917 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 -
| 1376Rule Italy 1917 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 -
|
1408Rule Italy 1918 only - Mar 10 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
| 1377Rule Italy 1918 only - Mar 10 0:00s 1:00 S
|
1409Rule Italy 1918 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 -
| 1378Rule Italy 1918 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 -
|
1410Rule Italy 1919 only - Mar 2 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
1411Rule Italy 1920 only - Mar 21 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
| 1379Rule Italy 1919 only - Mar 2 0:00s 1:00 S
1380Rule Italy 1920 only - Mar 21 0:00s 1:00 S
|
1412Rule Italy 1920 only - Sep 19 0:00s 0 -
| 1381Rule Italy 1920 only - Sep 19 0:00s 0 -
|
1413Rule Italy 1940 only - Jun 15 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
| 1382Rule Italy 1940 only - Jun 15 0:00s 1:00 S
|
1414Rule Italy 1944 only - Sep 17 0:00s 0 -
| 1383Rule Italy 1944 only - Sep 17 0:00s 0 -
|
1415Rule Italy 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 " DST"
| 1384Rule Italy 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 S
|
1416Rule Italy 1945 only - Sep 15 0:00s 0 -
| 1385Rule Italy 1945 only - Sep 15 0:00s 0 -
|
1417Rule Italy 1946 only - Mar 17 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
| 1386Rule Italy 1946 only - Mar 17 2:00s 1:00 S
|
1418Rule Italy 1946 only - Oct 6 2:00s 0 -
| 1387Rule Italy 1946 only - Oct 6 2:00s 0 -
|
1419Rule Italy 1947 only - Mar 16 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
| 1388Rule Italy 1947 only - Mar 16 0:00s 1:00 S
|
1420Rule Italy 1947 only - Oct 5 0:00s 0 -
| 1389Rule Italy 1947 only - Oct 5 0:00s 0 -
|
1421Rule Italy 1948 only - Feb 29 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
| 1390Rule Italy 1948 only - Feb 29 2:00s 1:00 S
|
1422Rule Italy 1948 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 -
| 1391Rule Italy 1948 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 -
|
1423Rule Italy 1966 1968 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 " DST"
| 1392Rule Italy 1966 1968 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S
|
1424Rule Italy 1966 1969 - Sep Sun>=22 0:00 0 -
| 1393Rule Italy 1966 1969 - Sep Sun>=22 0:00 0 -
|
1425Rule Italy 1969 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
1426Rule Italy 1970 only - May 31 0:00 1:00 " DST"
| 1394Rule Italy 1969 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
1395Rule Italy 1970 only - May 31 0:00 1:00 S
|
1427Rule Italy 1970 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
| 1396Rule Italy 1970 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
|
1428Rule Italy 1971 1972 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 " DST"
| 1397Rule Italy 1971 1972 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S
|
1429Rule Italy 1971 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
1430Rule Italy 1972 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
| 1398Rule Italy 1971 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
1399Rule Italy 1972 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
|
1431Rule Italy 1973 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 " DST"
| 1400Rule Italy 1973 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 S
|
1432Rule Italy 1973 1974 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
| 1401Rule Italy 1973 1974 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
|
1433Rule Italy 1974 only - May 26 0:00 1:00 " DST"
1434Rule Italy 1975 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
| 1402Rule Italy 1974 only - May 26 0:00 1:00 S
1403Rule Italy 1975 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S
|
1435Rule Italy 1975 1977 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
| 1404Rule Italy 1975 1977 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
|
1436Rule Italy 1976 only - May 30 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
1437Rule Italy 1977 1979 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
| 1405Rule Italy 1976 only - May 30 0:00s 1:00 S
1406Rule Italy 1977 1979 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S
|
1438Rule Italy 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
1439Rule Italy 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 -
1440# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1441Zone Europe/Rome 0:49:56 - LMT 1866 Sep 22
| 1407Rule Italy 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
1408Rule Italy 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 -
1409# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1410Zone Europe/Rome 0:49:56 - LMT 1866 Sep 22
|
1442 0:50 - RMT 1893 Nov # Rome Mean Time
1443 1:00 Italy MET%s 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
1444 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1944 Jul
1445 1:00 Italy MET%s 1980
1446 1:00 EU MET%s
| 1411 0:49:56 - RMT 1893 Nov # Rome Mean Time
1412 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
1413 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul
1414 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1980
1415 1:00 EU CE%sT
|
1447
1448Link Europe/Rome Europe/Vatican
1449Link Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino
1450
| 1416
1417Link Europe/Rome Europe/Vatican
1418Link Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino
1419
|
1451# ZONE-DESCR Europe Rome Italy All points
1452# ZONE-DESCR Europe Vatican Holy_See All points
1453# ZONE-DESCR Europe San_Marino San_Marino All points
1454
| |
1455# Latvia
| 1420# Latvia
|
1456# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1918 Feb 15.
| |
1457# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1458Zone Europe/Riga 1:36:24 - LMT 1880
| 1421# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1422Zone Europe/Riga 1:36:24 - LMT 1880
|
1459 1:36 - LST 1918 Apr 15 2:00
1460 1:36 M-Eur LST%s 1919 Apr 1 2:00
1461 1:36 1:00 "LST DST" 1919 May 22 3:00
1462 1:36 - LST 1926 May 11
| 1423 1:36:24 - RMT 1918 Apr 15 2:00 #Riga Mean Time
1424 1:36:24 1:00 LST 1918 Sep 16 3:00 #Latvian Summer
1425 1:36:24 - RMT 1919 Apr 1 2:00
1426 1:36:24 1:00 LST 1919 May 22 3:00
1427 1:36:24 - RMT 1926 May 11
|
1463 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 5
| 1428 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 5
|
1464 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jul
1465 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1944 Aug 8
1466 3:00 Russia MS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1467 2:00 1:00 "EET DST" 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1468 2:00 M-Eur EET%s
1469# This may change to `EU' soon.
| 1429 3:00 - MOST 1941 Jul # Moscow Time
1430 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 8
1431 3:00 Russia MOS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1432 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1433 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT
|
1470
| 1434
|
1471# ZONE-DESCR Europe Riga Latvia All points
1472
| |
1473# Liechtenstein
1474# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1475Zone Europe/Vaduz 0:38:04 - LMT 1894 Jun
| 1435# Liechtenstein
1436# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1437Zone Europe/Vaduz 0:38:04 - LMT 1894 Jun
|
1476 1:00 - MET 1981
1477 1:00 EU MET%s
| 1438 1:00 - CET 1981
1439 1:00 EU CE%sT
|
1478
| 1440
|
1479# ZONE-DESCR Europe Vaduz Liechtenstein All points
1480
| |
1481# Lithuania
| 1441# Lithuania
|
1482# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1918 Feb 15.
| |
1483# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1484Zone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880
| 1442# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1443Zone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880
|
1485 1:24 - LST 1917 # Kaunas
1486 1:36 - LST 1919 Oct 10
1487 1:00 - MET 1920 Jul 12
| 1444 1:24:00 - WMT 1917 # Warsaw Mean Time
1445 1:35:36 - KMT 1919 Oct 10 # Kaunas Mean Time
1446 1:00 - CET 1920 Jul 12
|
1488 2:00 - EET 1920 Oct 9
| 1447 2:00 - EET 1920 Oct 9
|
1489 1:00 - MET 1940 Aug 3
1490 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 24
1491 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1944 Aug
1492 3:00 Russia MS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1493 2:00 1:00 "EET DST" 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1494 2:00 M-Eur EET%s
1495# This may change to `EU' soon.
| 1448 1:00 - CET 1940 Aug 3
1449 3:00 - MOST 1941 Jun 24 # Moscow Time
1450 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug
1451 3:00 Russia MOS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1452 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1453 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT
|
1496
| 1454
|
1497# ZONE-DESCR Europe Vilnius Lithuania All points
1498
| |
1499# Luxembourg
1500# Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways; go with Shanks.
1501# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
| 1455# Luxembourg
1456# Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways; go with Shanks.
1457# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
1502Rule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 " DST"
| 1458Rule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S
|
1503Rule Lux 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
| 1459Rule Lux 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
|
1504Rule Lux 1917 only - Apr 28 23:00 1:00 " DST"
| 1460Rule Lux 1917 only - Apr 28 23:00 1:00 S
|
1505Rule Lux 1917 only - Sep 17 1:00 0 -
| 1461Rule Lux 1917 only - Sep 17 1:00 0 -
|
1506Rule Lux 1918 only - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
| 1462Rule Lux 1918 only - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S
|
1507Rule Lux 1918 only - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 -
| 1463Rule Lux 1918 only - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 -
|
1508Rule Lux 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00 1:00 " DST"
| 1464Rule Lux 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00 1:00 S
|
1509Rule Lux 1919 only - Oct 5 3:00 0 -
| 1465Rule Lux 1919 only - Oct 5 3:00 0 -
|
1510Rule Lux 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 " DST"
| 1466Rule Lux 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S
|
1511Rule Lux 1920 only - Oct 24 2:00 0 -
| 1467Rule Lux 1920 only - Oct 24 2:00 0 -
|
1512Rule Lux 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00 1:00 " DST"
| 1468Rule Lux 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00 1:00 S
|
1513Rule Lux 1921 only - Oct 26 2:00 0 -
| 1469Rule Lux 1921 only - Oct 26 2:00 0 -
|
1514Rule Lux 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00 1:00 " DST"
| 1470Rule Lux 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00 1:00 S
|
1515Rule Lux 1922 only - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 -
| 1471Rule Lux 1922 only - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 -
|
1516Rule Lux 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00 1:00 " DST"
| 1472Rule Lux 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00 1:00 S
|
1517Rule Lux 1923 only - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 -
| 1473Rule Lux 1923 only - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 -
|
1518Rule Lux 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00 1:00 " DST"
| 1474Rule Lux 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00 1:00 S
|
1519Rule Lux 1924 1928 - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 -
| 1475Rule Lux 1924 1928 - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 -
|
1520Rule Lux 1925 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 " DST"
1521Rule Lux 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 " DST"
1522Rule Lux 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 " DST"
1523Rule Lux 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00 1:00 " DST"
1524Rule Lux 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 " DST"
| 1476Rule Lux 1925 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S
1477Rule Lux 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 S
1478Rule Lux 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 S
1479Rule Lux 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00 1:00 S
1480Rule Lux 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 S
|
1525# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1526Zone Europe/Luxembourg 0:24:36 - LMT 1904 Jun
| 1481# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1482Zone Europe/Luxembourg 0:24:36 - LMT 1904 Jun
|
1527 1:00 Lux MET%s 1918 Nov 25
1528 0:00 Lux WET%s 1929 Oct 6 2:00s
1529 0:00 Belgium WET%s 1940 May 14 3:00
1530 1:00 M-Eur WET%s 1944 Sep 18 3:00
1531 1:00 Belgium MET%s 1977
1532 1:00 EU MET%s
| 1483 1:00 Lux CE%sT 1918 Nov 25
1484 0:00 Lux WE%sT 1929 Oct 6 2:00s
1485 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 14 3:00
1486 1:00 C-Eur WE%sT 1944 Sep 18 3:00
1487 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977
1488 1:00 EU CE%sT
|
1533
| 1489
|
1534# ZONE-DESCR Europe Luxembourg Luxembourg All points
1535
| |
1536# Macedonia
| 1490# Macedonia
|
1537# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1918 Mar 18.
| |
1538# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1539Zone Europe/Skopje 1:25:44 - LMT 1884
| 1491# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1492Zone Europe/Skopje 1:25:44 - LMT 1884
|
1540 1:00 - MET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
1541 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 May 8 2:00s
1542 1:00 1:00 "MET DST" 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
1543 1:00 - MET 1983
1544 1:00 EU MET%s
| 1493 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
1494 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s
1495 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
1496 1:00 - CET 1983
1497 1:00 EU CE%sT
|
1545
| 1498
|
1546# ZONE-DESCR Europe Skopje Fmr_Yugoslav_Rep_Of_Macedonia All points
1547
| |
1548# Malta
1549# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
| 1499# Malta
1500# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
1550Rule Malta 1973 only - Mar 31 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
| 1501Rule Malta 1973 only - Mar 31 0:00s 1:00 S
|
1551Rule Malta 1973 only - Sep 29 0:00s 0 -
| 1502Rule Malta 1973 only - Sep 29 0:00s 0 -
|
1552Rule Malta 1974 only - Apr 21 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
| 1503Rule Malta 1974 only - Apr 21 0:00s 1:00 S
|
1553Rule Malta 1974 only - Sep 16 0:00s 0 -
| 1504Rule Malta 1974 only - Sep 16 0:00s 0 -
|
1554Rule Malta 1975 1979 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 " DST"
| 1505Rule Malta 1975 1979 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S
|
1555Rule Malta 1975 1980 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
| 1506Rule Malta 1975 1980 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
|
1556Rule Malta 1980 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 " DST"
| 1507Rule Malta 1980 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
|
1557# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1558Zone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 2 # Valletta
| 1508# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1509Zone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 2 # Valletta
|
1559 1:00 Italy MET%s 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
1560 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 Apr 2 2:00s
1561 1:00 Italy MET%s 1973 Mar 31
1562 1:00 Malta MET%s 1981
1563 1:00 EU MET%s
| 1510 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
1511 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s
1512 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1973 Mar 31
1513 1:00 Malta CE%sT 1981
1514 1:00 EU CE%sT
|
1564
| 1515
|
1565# ZONE-DESCR Europe Malta Malta All points
1566
| |
1567# Moldova
| 1516# Moldova
|
1568# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1919 Mar 18.
| |
1569# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1570Zone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1924 May 2
1571 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
| 1517# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1518Zone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1924 May 2
1519 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
|
1572 3:00 Russia MS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1573 2:00 1:00 "EET DST" 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1574 2:00 M-Eur EET%s
1575# This may change to `EU' soon.
| 1520 3:00 Russia MOS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s # Moscow Time
1521 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1522 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT
|
1576
| 1523
|
1577# ZONE-DESCR Europe Chisinau Moldova All points
1578
| |
1579# Monaco
1580# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's more precise 0:09:21.
1581# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1582Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15
1583 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
| 1524# Monaco
1525# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's more precise 0:09:21.
1526# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1527Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15
1528 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
|
1584 0:00 France WET%s 1945 Sep 16 3:00
1585 1:00 France MET%s 1977
1586 1:00 EU MET%s
| 1529 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
1530 1:00 France CE%sT 1977
1531 1:00 EU CE%sT
|
1587
| 1532
|
1588# ZONE-DESCR Europe Monaco Monaco All points
1589
| |
1590# Netherlands
1591# Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940,
1592# but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time.
1593# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1594# Shanks gives 1916 May 1 0:00 and 1916 Oct 1 0:00; go with Whitman.
| 1533# Netherlands
1534# Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940,
1535# but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time.
1536# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1537# Shanks gives 1916 May 1 0:00 and 1916 Oct 1 0:00; go with Whitman.
|
1595Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 NST
1596Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 AMT
| 1538Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time
1539Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time
|
1597Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST
1598Rule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT
1599# Whitman gives 1918 Apr 14, 1918 Oct 31, and 1921 Sep 28; go with Shanks.
1600Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
1601Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep Mon>=24 2:00s 0 AMT
1602Rule Neth 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 NST
1603# Whitman gives 1939 Oct 1; go with Shanks.
| 1540Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST
1541Rule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT
1542# Whitman gives 1918 Apr 14, 1918 Oct 31, and 1921 Sep 28; go with Shanks.
1543Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
1544Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep Mon>=24 2:00s 0 AMT
1545Rule Neth 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 NST
1546# Whitman gives 1939 Oct 1; go with Shanks.
|
1604Rule Neth 1922 1939 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 AMT
| 1547Rule Neth 1922 1936 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 AMT
|
1605Rule Neth 1923 only - Jun 1 2:00s 1:00 NST
1606Rule Neth 1924 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 NST
1607# Whitman gives 1925 Apr 5; go with Shanks.
1608Rule Neth 1925 only - Jun 5 2:00s 1:00 NST
1609# For 1926 through 1930 Whitman gives Apr 15; go with Shanks.
1610Rule Neth 1926 1931 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST
1611Rule Neth 1932 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST
1612Rule Neth 1933 1936 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST
1613Rule Neth 1937 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST
| 1548Rule Neth 1923 only - Jun 1 2:00s 1:00 NST
1549Rule Neth 1924 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 NST
1550# Whitman gives 1925 Apr 5; go with Shanks.
1551Rule Neth 1925 only - Jun 5 2:00s 1:00 NST
1552# For 1926 through 1930 Whitman gives Apr 15; go with Shanks.
1553Rule Neth 1926 1931 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST
1554Rule Neth 1932 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST
1555Rule Neth 1933 1936 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST
1556Rule Neth 1937 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST
|
| 1557Rule Neth 1937 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S
1558Rule Neth 1937 1939 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 -
|
1614# Whitman gives 1939 Apr 15 and 1940 Apr 19; go with Shanks.
| 1559# Whitman gives 1939 Apr 15 and 1940 Apr 19; go with Shanks.
|
1615Rule Neth 1938 1939 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST
1616Rule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
| 1560Rule Neth 1938 1939 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 S
1561Rule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
|
1617Rule Neth 1945 only - May 20 2:00s 0 -
1618# Before 1937, Shanks says just `0:20'; we use Whitman's more precise figure.
1619# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1620Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:28 - LMT 1892 May
1621 0:19:28 Neth %s 1937 Jul
| 1562Rule Neth 1945 only - May 20 2:00s 0 -
1563# Before 1937, Shanks says just `0:20'; we use Whitman's more precise figure.
1564# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1565Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:28 - LMT 1892 May
1566 0:19:28 Neth %s 1937 Jul
|
1622 0:20 Neth %s 1940 May 16 0:40
1623 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 Apr 2 2:00
1624 1:00 Neth MET%s 1977
1625 1:00 EU MET%s
| 1567 0:20 Neth NE%sT 1940 May 16 0:40
1568 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
1569 1:00 Neth CE%sT 1977
1570 1:00 EU CE%sT
|
1626
| 1571
|
1627# ZONE-DESCR Europe Amsterdam Netherlands All points
1628
| |
1629# Norway
| 1572# Norway
|
| 1573# Gregorian calendar adopted 1700-03-01.
|
1630# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1631# Whitman gives 1916 May 21 - 1916 Oct 21; go with Shanks.
| 1574# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1575# Whitman gives 1916 May 21 - 1916 Oct 21; go with Shanks.
|
1632Rule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 " DST"
| 1576Rule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 S
|
1633Rule Norway 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
1634# Shanks omits the following transition; go with Whitman.
| 1577Rule Norway 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
1578# Shanks omits the following transition; go with Whitman.
|
1635Rule Norway 1935 only - Aug 11 0:00 1:00 " DST"
| 1579Rule Norway 1935 only - Aug 11 0:00 1:00 S
|
1636# Whitman says DST observed until 1942 Nov 1, then 1943 Mar 29 - Oct 4,
1637# 1944 Apr 3 - Oct 2, and 1945 Apr 1 - Oct 1; go with Shanks after 1940.
| 1580# Whitman says DST observed until 1942 Nov 1, then 1943 Mar 29 - Oct 4,
1581# 1944 Apr 3 - Oct 2, and 1945 Apr 1 - Oct 1; go with Shanks after 1940.
|
1638Rule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
| 1582Rule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
|
1639Rule Norway 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 -
| 1583Rule Norway 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 -
|
1640Rule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
| 1584Rule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 S
|
1641Rule Norway 1959 1965 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
| 1585Rule Norway 1959 1965 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
|
1642Rule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
| 1586Rule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 S
|
1643# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1644Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895
| 1587# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1588Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895
|
1645 1:00 Norway MET%s 1940 Aug 10 23:00
1646 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 Apr 2 2:00
1647 1:00 Norway MET%s 1980
1648 1:00 EU MET%s
1649# Svalbard is like Europe/Oslo.
| 1589 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1940 Aug 10 23:00
1590 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
1591 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1980
1592 1:00 EU CE%sT
|
1650#
| 1593#
|
| 1594# Svalbard
1595Link Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen
1596#
1597# Jan Mayen
|
1651# From Whitman:
1652# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1653Zone Atlantic/Jan_Mayen -1:00 - EGT
1654
| 1598# From Whitman:
1599# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1600Zone Atlantic/Jan_Mayen -1:00 - EGT
1601
|
1655# ZONE-DESCR Europe Oslo Norway All points except:
1656# ZONE-DESCR Atlantic Jan_Mayen Norway Jan Mayen Island
1657
| |
1658# Poland
| 1602# Poland
|
1659# Austrian and German Poland switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar
1660# on 1582 Oct 15. Russian Poland switched on 1918 Jan 14.
| |
1661# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1662Rule Poland 1918 1919 - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
| 1603# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1604Rule Poland 1918 1919 - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
|
1663Rule Poland 1919 only - Apr 15 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
| 1605Rule Poland 1919 only - Apr 15 2:00s 1:00 S
|
1664# Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks.
1665Rule Poland 1944 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
1666# For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks.
| 1606# Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks.
1607Rule Poland 1944 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
1608# For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks.
|
1667Rule Poland 1945 only - Apr 29 0:00 1:00 " DST"
| 1609Rule Poland 1945 only - Apr 29 0:00 1:00 S
|
1668Rule Poland 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
| 1610Rule Poland 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
|
1669Rule Poland 1946 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 " DST"
| 1611Rule Poland 1946 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 S
|
1670Rule Poland 1946 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 -
| 1612Rule Poland 1946 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 -
|
1671Rule Poland 1947 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 " DST"
| 1613Rule Poland 1947 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 S
|
1672Rule Poland 1947 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
| 1614Rule Poland 1947 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
|
1673Rule Poland 1948 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 " DST"
| 1615Rule Poland 1948 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 S
|
1674# Whitman also gives 1949 Apr 9 - 1949 Oct 1; go with Shanks.
| 1616# Whitman also gives 1949 Apr 9 - 1949 Oct 1; go with Shanks.
|
1675Rule Poland 1957 only - Jun 2 1:00s 1:00 " DST"
| 1617Rule Poland 1957 only - Jun 2 1:00s 1:00 S
|
1676Rule Poland 1957 1958 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
| 1618Rule Poland 1957 1958 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
|
1677Rule Poland 1958 only - Mar 30 1:00s 1:00 " DST"
1678Rule Poland 1959 only - May 31 1:00s 1:00 " DST"
| 1619Rule Poland 1958 only - Mar 30 1:00s 1:00 S
1620Rule Poland 1959 only - May 31 1:00s 1:00 S
|
1679Rule Poland 1959 1961 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00s 0 -
| 1621Rule Poland 1959 1961 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00s 0 -
|
1680Rule Poland 1960 only - Apr 3 1:00s 1:00 " DST"
1681Rule Poland 1961 1964 - May Sun>=25 1:00s 1:00 " DST"
| 1622Rule Poland 1960 only - Apr 3 1:00s 1:00 S
1623Rule Poland 1961 1964 - May Sun>=25 1:00s 1:00 S
|
1682Rule Poland 1962 1964 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
1683# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1684Zone Europe/Warsaw 1:24:00 - LMT 1880
| 1624Rule Poland 1962 1964 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
1625# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1626Zone Europe/Warsaw 1:24:00 - LMT 1880
|
1685 1:24 - WMT 1915 Aug 5 # Warsaw Mean Time
1686 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1918 Sep 16 3:00
1687 2:00 Poland EET%s 1922 Jun
1688 1:00 Poland MET%s 1940 Jun 23 2:00
1689 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1944 Oct
1690 1:00 Poland MET%s 1977 Apr 3 1:00
1691 1:00 W-Eur MET%s
1692# This may change to `EU' soon.
| 1627 1:24:00 - WMT 1915 Aug 5 # Warsaw Mean Time
1628 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Sep 16 3:00
1629 2:00 Poland EE%sT 1922 Jun
1630 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1940 Jun 23 2:00
1631 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct
1632 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1977 Apr 3 1:00
1633 1:00 W-Eur CE%sT
|
1693
| 1634
|
1694# ZONE-DESCR Europe Warsaw Poland All points
1695
| |
1696# Portugal
| 1635# Portugal
|
| 1636# Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-10-15.
|
1697# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
| 1637# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
1698Rule Port 1916 only - Jun 17 23:00 1:00 " DST"
| 1638Rule Port 1916 only - Jun 17 23:00 1:00 S
|
1699# Whitman gives 1916 Oct 31; go with Shanks.
1700Rule Port 1916 only - Nov 1 1:00 0 -
| 1639# Whitman gives 1916 Oct 31; go with Shanks.
1640Rule Port 1916 only - Nov 1 1:00 0 -
|
1701Rule Port 1917 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
| 1641Rule Port 1917 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S
|
1702Rule Port 1917 1921 - Oct 14 23:00s 0 -
| 1642Rule Port 1917 1921 - Oct 14 23:00s 0 -
|
1703Rule Port 1918 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1704Rule Port 1919 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1705Rule Port 1920 only - Feb 29 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1706Rule Port 1921 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1707Rule Port 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
| 1643Rule Port 1918 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
1644Rule Port 1919 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S
1645Rule Port 1920 only - Feb 29 23:00s 1:00 S
1646Rule Port 1921 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S
1647Rule Port 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S
|
1708Rule Port 1924 only - Oct 14 23:00s 0 -
| 1648Rule Port 1924 only - Oct 14 23:00s 0 -
|
1709Rule Port 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
| 1649Rule Port 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S
|
1710Rule Port 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
| 1650Rule Port 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
|
1711Rule Port 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1712Rule Port 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1713Rule Port 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1714Rule Port 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
| 1651Rule Port 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S
1652Rule Port 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S
1653Rule Port 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S
1654Rule Port 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S
|
1715# Whitman gives 1931 Oct 8; go with Shanks.
1716Rule Port 1931 1932 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
| 1655# Whitman gives 1931 Oct 8; go with Shanks.
1656Rule Port 1931 1932 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
|
1717Rule Port 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
| 1657Rule Port 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S
|
1718# Shanks gives 1934 Apr 4; go with Whitman.
| 1658# Shanks gives 1934 Apr 4; go with Whitman.
|
1719Rule Port 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
| 1659Rule Port 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S
|
1720# Whitman gives 1934 Oct 5; go with Shanks.
1721Rule Port 1934 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
1722# Shanks gives 1935 Apr 30; go with Whitman.
| 1660# Whitman gives 1934 Oct 5; go with Shanks.
1661Rule Port 1934 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
1662# Shanks gives 1935 Apr 30; go with Whitman.
|
1723Rule Port 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1724Rule Port 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
| 1663Rule Port 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S
1664Rule Port 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S
|
1725# Whitman gives 1937 Apr 2; go with Shanks.
| 1665# Whitman gives 1937 Apr 2; go with Shanks.
|
1726Rule Port 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1727Rule Port 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1728Rule Port 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
| 1666Rule Port 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S
1667Rule Port 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S
1668Rule Port 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
|
1729# Whitman gives 1939 Oct 7; go with Shanks.
1730Rule Port 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 -
| 1669# Whitman gives 1939 Oct 7; go with Shanks.
1670Rule Port 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 -
|
1731Rule Port 1940 only - Feb 24 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
| 1671Rule Port 1940 only - Feb 24 23:00s 1:00 S
|
1732# Shanks gives 1940 Oct 7; go with Whitman.
1733Rule Port 1940 1941 - Oct 5 23:00s 0 -
| 1672# Shanks gives 1940 Oct 7; go with Whitman.
1673Rule Port 1940 1941 - Oct 5 23:00s 0 -
|
1734Rule Port 1941 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1735Rule Port 1942 1945 - Mar Sat>=8 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1736Rule Port 1942 only - Apr 25 22:00s 2:00 " DDST"
1737Rule Port 1942 only - Aug 15 22:00s 1:00 " DST"
| 1674Rule Port 1941 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S
1675Rule Port 1942 1945 - Mar Sat>=8 23:00s 1:00 S
1676Rule Port 1942 only - Apr 25 22:00s 2:00 DS
1677Rule Port 1942 only - Aug 15 22:00s 1:00 S
|
1738Rule Port 1942 1945 - Oct Sat>=24 23:00s 0 -
| 1678Rule Port 1942 1945 - Oct Sat>=24 23:00s 0 -
|
1739Rule Port 1943 only - Apr 17 22:00s 2:00 " DDST"
1740Rule Port 1943 1945 - Aug Sat>=25 22:00s 1:00 " DST"
1741Rule Port 1944 1945 - Apr Sat>=21 22:00s 2:00 " DDST"
1742Rule Port 1946 only - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
| 1679Rule Port 1943 only - Apr 17 22:00s 2:00 DS
1680Rule Port 1943 1945 - Aug Sat>=25 22:00s 1:00 S
1681Rule Port 1944 1945 - Apr Sat>=21 22:00s 2:00 DS
1682Rule Port 1946 only - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 S
|
1743Rule Port 1946 only - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
| 1683Rule Port 1946 only - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
|
1744Rule Port 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
| 1684Rule Port 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
|
1745Rule Port 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
1746# Shanks says DST was observed in 1950; go with Whitman.
1747# Whitman gives Oct lastSun for 1952 on; go with Shanks.
| 1685Rule Port 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
1686# Shanks says DST was observed in 1950; go with Whitman.
1687# Whitman gives Oct lastSun for 1952 on; go with Shanks.
|
1748Rule Port 1951 1965 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
| 1688Rule Port 1951 1965 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
|
1749Rule Port 1951 1965 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
| 1689Rule Port 1951 1965 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
|
1750Rule Port 1977 only - Mar 27 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
| 1690Rule Port 1977 only - Mar 27 0:00s 1:00 S
|
1751Rule Port 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00s 0 -
| 1691Rule Port 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00s 0 -
|
1752Rule Port 1978 1979 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
| 1692Rule Port 1978 1979 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 S
|
1753Rule Port 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
1754Rule Port 1979 1982 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
| 1693Rule Port 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
1694Rule Port 1979 1982 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
|
1755Rule Port 1980 only - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
1756Rule Port 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 " DST"
1757Rule Port 1983 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
| 1695Rule Port 1980 only - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S
1696Rule Port 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
1697Rule Port 1983 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
|
1758# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1759Zone Europe/Lisbon -0:36:32 - LMT 1884
| 1698# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1699Zone Europe/Lisbon -0:36:32 - LMT 1884
|
1760 -0:37 - LMT 1911 May 24 # Lisbon Mean Time
1761 0:00 Port WET%s 1966 Apr 3 2:00
1762 1:00 - MET 1976 Sep 26 1:00
1763 0:00 Port WET%s 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
1764 0:00 EU WET%s 1992 Sep 27 1:00s
1765# From Rui Pedro Salgueiro <rps@inescca.inescc.pt> (November 12, 1992):
| 1700 -0:36:32 - LMT 1911 May 24 # Lisbon Mean Time
1701 0:00 Port WE%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00
1702 1:00 - CET 1976 Sep 26 1:00
1703 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
1704# From Rui Pedro Salgueiro <rps@inescca.inescc.pt> (1992-11-12):
|
1766# Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone
1767# (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC.
| 1705# Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone
1706# (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC.
|
1768 1:00 EU MET%s 1996 Mar 31 1:00u
| 1707 0:00 EU WE%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s
|
1769# Martin Bruckmann <martin@ua.pt> (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve
1770# that Portugal is reverting to 0:00 by not moving its clocks this spring.
1771# The new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter.
| 1708# Martin Bruckmann <martin@ua.pt> (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve
1709# that Portugal is reverting to 0:00 by not moving its clocks this spring.
1710# The new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter.
|
1772 0:00 1:00 "WET DST" 1996 Oct 27 1:00u
1773 0:00 EU WET%s
| 1711 1:00 EU CE%sT 1996 Mar 31 1:00u
1712 0:00 EU WE%sT
|
1774# We don't know what happened to Madeira or the Azores,
1775# so we'll just use Shanks for now.
1776# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1777Zone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada
1778 -1:55 - HMT 1911 May 24 # Horta Mean Time
| 1713# We don't know what happened to Madeira or the Azores,
1714# so we'll just use Shanks for now.
1715# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1716Zone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada
1717 -1:55 - HMT 1911 May 24 # Horta Mean Time
|
1779 -2:00 Port ACT%s 1966 Apr 3 2:00
1780 -1:00 - ACT 1977 Mar 27
1781 -1:00 - ACT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
1782 -1:00 W-Eur ACT%s
| 1718 -2:00 Port AZO%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Azores Time
1719 -1:00 Port AZO%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
1720 -1:00 W-Eur AZO%sT
|
1783Zone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal
1784 -1:08 - FMT 1911 May 24 # Funchal Mean Time
| 1721Zone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal
1722 -1:08 - FMT 1911 May 24 # Funchal Mean Time
|
1785 -1:00 Port ACT%s 1966 Apr 3 2:00
1786 0:00 - WET 1977 Mar 27
1787 0:00 Port WET%s 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
1788 0:00 EU WET%s
| 1723 -1:00 Port MAD%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Madeira Time
1724 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
1725 0:00 EU WE%sT
|
1789
| 1726
|
1790# ZONE-DESCR Europe Lisbon Portugal All points except:
1791# ZONE-DESCR Atlantic Azores Portugal Azores
1792# ZONE-DESCR Atlantic Madeira Portugal Madeira
1793
| |
1794# Romania
| 1727# Romania
|
1795# Catholic Romania switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on
1796# on 1919 Mar 18. Greek Orthodox Romania switched on 1920 Mar 18.
| |
1797# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
| 1728# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
1798Rule Romania 1932 only - May 21 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
| 1729Rule Romania 1932 only - May 21 0:00s 1:00 S
|
1799Rule Romania 1932 1939 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 -
| 1730Rule Romania 1932 1939 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 -
|
1800Rule Romania 1933 1939 - Apr Sun>=2 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
1801Rule Romania 1979 only - May 27 0:00 1:00 " DST"
| 1731Rule Romania 1933 1939 - Apr Sun>=2 0:00s 1:00 S
1732Rule Romania 1979 only - May 27 0:00 1:00 S
|
1802Rule Romania 1979 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
| 1733Rule Romania 1979 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
|
1803Rule Romania 1980 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 " DST"
| 1734Rule Romania 1980 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S
|
1804Rule Romania 1980 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
1805# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1806Zone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct
| 1735Rule Romania 1980 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
1736# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1737Zone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct
|
1807 1:44 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
1808 2:00 Romania EET%s 1981 Mar 29 2:00s
1809 2:00 M-Eur EET%s
1810# This may change to `EU' soon.
| 1738 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
1739 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00s
1740 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT
|
1811
| 1741
|
1812# ZONE-DESCR Europe Bucharest Romania All points
1813
| |
1814# Russia
| 1742# Russia
|
1815# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (May 28, 1994):
1816# Moscow and Novosibirsk time zone names, and Moscow rules after 1991,
1817# are from Andrew A. Chernov <ache@astral.msk.su>.
1818# I invented the other time zone names, and (unless otherwise specified)
| 1743# From Shanks (1991):
1744# In 1929 the Soviet Union instituted a 5 day week; in 1932 it instituted
1745# a 6 day week; on 1940-06-27 it returned to the Gregorian week.
1746#
1747# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-09-03):
1748# Moscow rules after 1991 are from Andrew A. Chernov <ache@astral.msk.su>.
1749# I invented the time zone names, and (unless otherwise specified)
|
1819# guessed what happened after 1991; the clocks were chaotic, and we know little.
1820# The rest is from Shanks.
1821#
| 1750# guessed what happened after 1991; the clocks were chaotic, and we know little.
1751# The rest is from Shanks.
1752#
|
1822# From Shanks (1991):
1823# Western Russia switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar
1824# on 1918 Jan 14. Eastern Russia switched on 1920 Mar 18.
1825# In 1929 the Soviet Union instituted a 5 day week; in 1932 it instituted
1826# a 6 day week; on 1940 Jun 27 it returned to the Gregorian week.
| |
1827# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1828Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:20 - LMT 1880
| 1753# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1754Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:20 - LMT 1880
|
1829 2:31 Russia LST%s 1919 Jul 1 2:00
1830 3:00 Russia MS%s 1922 Oct
| 1755 2:30:20 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 2:00
1756 3:00 Russia MOS%sT 1922 Oct # Moscow TIme
|
1831 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
| 1757 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
|
1832 3:00 Russia MS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1833 2:00 1:00 "EET DST" 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
| 1758 3:00 Russia MOS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1759 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
|
1834 2:00 - EET 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
| 1760 2:00 - EET 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
|
1835 3:00 Russia MS%s
1836# ZONE-DESCR Europe Moscow Russia Moscow zone
| 1761 3:00 Russia MOS%sT
|
1837Zone Europe/Kuybyshev 3:20:36 - LMT 1924 May 2
| 1762Zone Europe/Kuybyshev 3:20:36 - LMT 1924 May 2
|
1838 3:00 - KSK 1957 Mar
1839 4:00 Russia KS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1840 3:00 1:00 KSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1841 3:00 - KSK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1842 4:00 Russia KS%s
1843# ZONE-DESCR Europe Kuybyshev Russia Kuybyshev zone
| 1763 3:00 - KUYT 1957 Mar # Kuybyshev Time
1764 4:00 Russia KUY%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1765 3:00 1:00 KUYST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1766 3:00 - KUYT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1767 4:00 Russia KUY%sT
|
1844Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:34 - LMT 1924 May 2
| 1768Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:34 - LMT 1924 May 2
|
1845 4:00 - SSK 1957 Mar
1846 5:00 Russia SS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1847 4:00 1:00 SSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1848 4:00 - SSK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1849 5:00 Russia ES%s # name change from Sverdlovsk
1850# ZONE-DESCR Asia Yekaterinburg Russia Yekaterinburg zone
| 1769 4:00 - SVET 1957 Mar # Sverdlovsk Time
1770 5:00 Russia SVE%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1771 4:00 1:00 SVEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1772 4:00 - SVET 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1773 5:00 Russia YEK%sT # Yekaterinburg Time
|
1851Zone Asia/Omsk 4:53:36 - LMT 1924 May 2
| 1774Zone Asia/Omsk 4:53:36 - LMT 1924 May 2
|
1852 5:00 - OSK 1957 Mar
1853 6:00 Russia OS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1854 5:00 1:00 OSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1855 5:00 - OSK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1856 6:00 Russia OS%s
1857# ZONE-DESCR Asia Omsk Russia Omsk zone
1858# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski <S.A.Kuz@iae.nsk.su> (June 29, 1994):
| 1775 5:00 - OMST 1957 Mar # Omsk Time
1776 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1777 5:00 1:00 OMSST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1778 5:00 - OMST 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1779 6:00 Russia OMS%sT
1780# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski <S.A.Kuz@iae.nsk.su> (1994-06-29):
|
1859# But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow!
1860# I do not know why they have decided to make this change;
1861# as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching
1862# so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch.
1863Zone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1924 May 2
| 1781# But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow!
1782# I do not know why they have decided to make this change;
1783# as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching
1784# so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch.
1785Zone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1924 May 2
|
1864 6:00 - NSK 1957 Mar
1865 7:00 Russia NS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1866 6:00 1:00 NSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1867 6:00 - NSK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1868 7:00 Russia NS%s 1994 Mar 27 2:00s
1869 6:00 1:00 NSD 1994 Sep 25 2:00s
1870 6:00 Russia NS%s
1871# ZONE-DESCR Asia Novosibirsk Russia Novosibirsk zone
| 1786 6:00 - NOVT 1957 Mar # Novosibirsk TIme
1787 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1788 6:00 1:00 NOVST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1789 6:00 - NOVT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1790 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1994 Mar 27 2:00s
1791 6:00 1:00 NOVST 1994 Sep 25 2:00s
1792 6:00 Russia NOV%sT
|
1872Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk 6:11:20 - LMT 1924 May 2
| 1793Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk 6:11:20 - LMT 1924 May 2
|
1873 6:00 - KRSK 1957 Mar
1874 7:00 Russia KRS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1875 6:00 1:00 KRSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1876 6:00 - KRSK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1877 7:00 Russia KRS%s
1878# ZONE-DESCR Asia Krasnoyarsk Russia Krasnoyarsk zone
| 1794 6:00 - KRAT 1957 Mar # Krasnoyarsk Time
1795 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1796 6:00 1:00 KRAST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1797 6:00 - KRAT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1798 7:00 Russia KRA%sT
|
1879Zone Asia/Irkutsk 6:57:20 - LMT 1880
| 1799Zone Asia/Irkutsk 6:57:20 - LMT 1880
|
1880 6:57 - LST 1924 May 2
1881 7:00 - ISK 1957 Mar
1882 8:00 Russia IS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1883 7:00 1:00 ISD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1884 7:00 - ISK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1885 8:00 Russia IS%s
1886# ZONE-DESCR Asia Irkutsk Russia Irkutsk zone
| 1800 6:57:20 - IMT 1924 May 2 # Irkutsk Mean Time
1801 7:00 - IRKT 1957 Mar # Irkutsk Time
1802 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1803 7:00 1:00 IRKST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1804 7:00 - IRKT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1805 8:00 Russia IRK%sT
|
1887Zone Asia/Yakutsk 8:38:40 - LMT 1924 May 2
| 1806Zone Asia/Yakutsk 8:38:40 - LMT 1924 May 2
|
1888 8:00 - YSK 1957 Mar
1889 9:00 Russia YS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1890 8:00 1:00 YSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1891 8:00 - YSK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1892 9:00 Russia YS%s
1893# ZONE-DESCR Asia Yakutsk Russia Yakutsk zone
| 1807 8:00 - YAKT 1957 Mar # Yakutsk Time
1808 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1809 8:00 1:00 YAKST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1810 8:00 - YAKT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1811 9:00 Russia YAK%sT
|
1894Zone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:44 - LMT 1880
| 1812Zone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:44 - LMT 1880
|
1895 8:48 - LST 1924 May 2
1896 9:00 - VSK 1957 Mar
1897 10:00 Russia VS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1898 9:00 1:00 VSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1899 9:00 - VSK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1900 10:00 Russia VS%s
1901# ZONE-DESCR Asia Vladivostok Russia Vladivostok zone
| 1813 8:47:44 - VMT 1924 May 2 # Vladivostok MT
1814 9:00 - VLAT 1957 Mar # Vladivostok Time
1815 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1816 9:00 1:00 VLAST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1817 9:00 - VLAT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1818 10:00 Russia VLA%sT
|
1902Zone Asia/Magadan 10:03:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
| 1819Zone Asia/Magadan 10:03:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
|
1903 10:00 - MSK 1957 Mar
1904 11:00 Russia MS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1905 10:00 1:00 MSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1906 10:00 - MSK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1907 11:00 Russia MS%s
1908# ZONE-DESCR Asia Magadan Russia Magadan zone
1909
| 1820 10:00 - MAGT 1957 Mar # Magadan Time
1821 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1822 10:00 1:00 MAGST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1823 10:00 - MAGT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1824 11:00 Russia MAG%sT
|
1910# This name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski, but that's too long.
1911Zone Asia/Kamchatka 10:34:36 - LMT 1924 May 2
| 1825# This name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski, but that's too long.
1826Zone Asia/Kamchatka 10:34:36 - LMT 1924 May 2
|
1912 11:00 - PSK 1957 Mar
1913 12:00 Russia PS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1914 11:00 1:00 PSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1915 11:00 - PSK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1916 12:00 Russia PS%s
1917# ZONE-DESCR Asia Kamchatka Russia Kamchatka zone
| 1827 11:00 - PETT 1957 Mar # P-K Time
1828 12:00 Russia PET%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1829 11:00 1:00 PETST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1830 11:00 - PETT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1831 12:00 Russia PET%sT
|
1918Zone Asia/Anadyr 11:49:56 - LMT 1924 May 2
| 1832Zone Asia/Anadyr 11:49:56 - LMT 1924 May 2
|
1919 12:00 - ASK 1957 Mar
1920 13:00 Russia AS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1921 12:00 1:00 ASD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1922 12:00 - ASK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1923 13:00 Russia AS%s
| 1833 12:00 - ANAT 1957 Mar # Anadyr Time
1834 13:00 Russia ANA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1835 12:00 1:00 ANAST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1836 12:00 - ANAT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1837 13:00 Russia ANA%sT
|
1924
1925# Slovakia
1926Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava
1927
| 1838
1839# Slovakia
1840Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava
1841
|
1928# ZONE-DESCR Europe Bratislava Slovakia All points
1929
| |
1930# Slovenia
| 1842# Slovenia
|
1931# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1918 Mar 18.
| |
1932# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1933Zone Europe/Ljubljana 0:58:04 - LMT 1884
| 1843# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1844Zone Europe/Ljubljana 0:58:04 - LMT 1884
|
1934 1:00 - MET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
1935 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 May 8 2:00s
1936 1:00 1:00 "MET DST" 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
1937 1:00 - MET 1983
1938 1:00 EU MET%s
| 1845 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
1846 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s
1847 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
1848 1:00 - CET 1983
1849 1:00 EU CE%sT
|
1939
| 1850
|
1940# ZONE-DESCR Europe Ljubljana Slovenia All points
1941
| |
1942# Spain
| 1851# Spain
|
| 1852# Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-10-15.
|
1943# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1944# For 1917-1919 Whitman gives Apr Sat>=1 - Oct Sat>=1; go with Shanks.
| 1853# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1854# For 1917-1919 Whitman gives Apr Sat>=1 - Oct Sat>=1; go with Shanks.
|
1945Rule Spain 1917 only - May 5 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
| 1855Rule Spain 1917 only - May 5 23:00s 1:00 S
|
1946Rule Spain 1917 1919 - Oct 6 23:00s 0 -
| 1856Rule Spain 1917 1919 - Oct 6 23:00s 0 -
|
1947Rule Spain 1918 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1948Rule Spain 1919 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
| 1857Rule Spain 1918 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
1858Rule Spain 1919 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S
|
1949# Whitman gives 1921 Feb 28 - Oct 14; go with Shanks.
| 1859# Whitman gives 1921 Feb 28 - Oct 14; go with Shanks.
|
1950Rule Spain 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
| 1860Rule Spain 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S
|
1951# Whitman gives 1924 Oct 14; go with Shanks.
1952Rule Spain 1924 only - Oct 4 23:00s 0 -
| 1861# Whitman gives 1924 Oct 14; go with Shanks.
1862Rule Spain 1924 only - Oct 4 23:00s 0 -
|
1953Rule Spain 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
| 1863Rule Spain 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S
|
1954# Whitman says no DST in 1929; go with Shanks.
1955Rule Spain 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
| 1864# Whitman says no DST in 1929; go with Shanks.
1865Rule Spain 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
|
1956Rule Spain 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1957Rule Spain 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1958Rule Spain 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
| 1866Rule Spain 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S
1867Rule Spain 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S
1868Rule Spain 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S
|
1959# Whitman gives 1937 Jun 16, 1938 Apr 16, 1940 Apr 13; go with Shanks.
| 1869# Whitman gives 1937 Jun 16, 1938 Apr 16, 1940 Apr 13; go with Shanks.
|
1960Rule Spain 1937 only - May 22 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
| 1870Rule Spain 1937 only - May 22 23:00s 1:00 S
|
1961Rule Spain 1937 1939 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
| 1871Rule Spain 1937 1939 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
|
1962Rule Spain 1938 only - Mar 22 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1963Rule Spain 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1964Rule Spain 1940 only - Mar 16 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
| 1872Rule Spain 1938 only - Mar 22 23:00s 1:00 S
1873Rule Spain 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
1874Rule Spain 1940 only - Mar 16 23:00s 1:00 S
|
1965# Whitman says no DST 1942-1945; go with Shanks.
| 1875# Whitman says no DST 1942-1945; go with Shanks.
|
1966Rule Spain 1942 only - May 2 22:00s 2:00 " DDST"
1967Rule Spain 1942 only - Sep 1 22:00s 1:00 " DST"
1968Rule Spain 1943 1946 - Apr Sat>=13 22:00s 2:00 " DDST"
1969Rule Spain 1943 only - Oct 3 22:00s 1:00 " DST"
1970Rule Spain 1944 only - Oct 10 22:00s 1:00 " DST"
1971Rule Spain 1945 only - Sep 30 1:00 1:00 " DST"
| 1876Rule Spain 1942 only - May 2 22:00s 2:00 DS
1877Rule Spain 1942 only - Sep 1 22:00s 1:00 S
1878Rule Spain 1943 1946 - Apr Sat>=13 22:00s 2:00 DS
1879Rule Spain 1943 only - Oct 3 22:00s 1:00 S
1880Rule Spain 1944 only - Oct 10 22:00s 1:00 S
1881Rule Spain 1945 only - Sep 30 1:00 1:00 S
|
1972Rule Spain 1946 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
| 1882Rule Spain 1946 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
|
1973Rule Spain 1949 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 " DST"
| 1883Rule Spain 1949 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S
|
1974Rule Spain 1949 only - Sep 30 1:00 0 -
| 1884Rule Spain 1949 only - Sep 30 1:00 0 -
|
1975Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Apr Sat>=13 23:00 1:00 " DST"
| 1885Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Apr Sat>=13 23:00 1:00 S
|
1976Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 -
| 1886Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 -
|
1977Rule Spain 1976 only - Mar 27 23:00 1:00 " DST"
| 1887Rule Spain 1976 only - Mar 27 23:00 1:00 S
|
1978Rule Spain 1976 1977 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
| 1888Rule Spain 1976 1977 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
|
1979Rule Spain 1977 1978 - Apr 2 23:00 1:00 " DST"
| 1889Rule Spain 1977 1978 - Apr 2 23:00 1:00 S
|
1980Rule Spain 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
| 1890Rule Spain 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
|
| 1891# The following rules are copied from Morocco from 1967 through 1978.
1892Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S
1893Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1894Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S
1895Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
1896Rule SpainAfrica 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1897Rule SpainAfrica 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 -
1898Rule SpainAfrica 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
1899Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
1900Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 -
|
1981# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1982Zone Europe/Madrid -0:14:44 - LMT 1901
| 1901# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1902Zone Europe/Madrid -0:14:44 - LMT 1901
|
1983 0:00 Spain WET%s 1946 Sep 30
1984 1:00 Spain MET%s 1979
1985 1:00 EU MET%s
| 1903 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1946 Sep 30
1904 1:00 Spain CE%sT 1979
1905 1:00 EU CE%sT
1906Zone Africa/Ceuta -0:21:16 - LMT 1901
1907 0:00 - WET 1918 May 6 23:00
1908 0:00 1:00 WEST 1918 Oct 7 23:00
1909 0:00 - WET 1924
1910 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1929
1911 0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT 1984 Mar 16
1912 1:00 - CET 1986
1913 1:00 EU CE%sT
|
1986Zone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C.
| 1914Zone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C.
|
1987 -1:00 - ACT 1946 Sep 30 1:00
| 1915 -1:00 - CANT 1946 Sep 30 1:00 # Canaries Time
|
1988 0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s
| 1916 0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s
|
1989 0:00 1:00 "WET DST" 1980 Sep 28 0:00s
1990 0:00 EU WET%s
| 1917 0:00 1:00 WEST 1980 Sep 28 0:00s
1918 0:00 EU WE%sT
|
1991
| 1919
|
1992# ZONE-DESCR Europe Madrid Spain All points except:
1993# ZONE-DESCR Atlantic Canary Spain Canary Islands
1994
| |
1995# Sweden
| 1920# Sweden
|
| 1921
1922# From: msb@sq.com (Mark Brader) <URL:news:1996Jul6.012937.29190@sq.com>:
1923#
1924# In 1700, Denmark made the transition from Julian to Gregorian. Sweden
1925# decided to *start* a transition in 1700 as well, but rather than have one of
1926# those unsightly calendar gaps :-), they simply decreed that the next leap
1927# year after 1696 would be in 1744 -- putting the whole country on a calendar
1928# different from both Julian and Gregorian for a period of 40 years.
1929#
1930# However, in 1704 something went wrong and the plan was not carried through;
1931# they did, after all, have a leap year that year. And one in 1708. In 1712
1932# they gave it up and went back to Julian, putting 30 days in February that
1933# year!...
1934#
1935# Then in 1753, Sweden made the transition to Gregorian in the usual manner,
1936# getting there only 13 years behind the original schedule.
1937#
1938# (A previous posting of this story was challenged, and Swedish readers
1939# produced the following references to support it: "Tiderakning och historia"
1940# by Natanael Beckman (1924) and "Tid, en bok om tiderakning och
1941# kalendervasen" by Lars-Olof Lode'n (no date was given).)
1942
|
1996# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1997Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1878 May 31
| 1943# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1944Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1878 May 31
|
1998 1:12 - SMT 1900 Jan 1 1:00 # Stockholm MT
1999 1:00 - MET 1916 Apr 14 23:00s
2000 1:00 1:00 "MET DST" 1916 Sep 30 23:00s
2001 1:00 - MET 1980
2002 1:00 EU MET%s
| 1945 1:12:12 - SMT 1900 Jan 1 1:00 # Stockholm MT
1946 1:00 - CET 1916 Apr 14 23:00s
1947 1:00 1:00 CEST 1916 Sep 30 23:00s
1948 1:00 - CET 1980
1949 1:00 EU CE%sT
|
2003
| 1950
|
2004# ZONE-DESCR Europe Stockholm Sweden All points
2005
| |
2006# Switzerland
2007# From Howse (1988), p 82:
2008# By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace
2009# and their performance improved enormously. Communities began to keep
2010# mean time in preference to apparent time -- Geneva from 1780 ....
2011# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2012# From Whitman (who writes ``Midnight?''):
| 1951# Switzerland
1952# From Howse (1988), p 82:
1953# By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace
1954# and their performance improved enormously. Communities began to keep
1955# mean time in preference to apparent time -- Geneva from 1780 ....
1956# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1957# From Whitman (who writes ``Midnight?''):
|
2013Rule Swiss 1940 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 " DST"
| 1958Rule Swiss 1940 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S
|
2014Rule Swiss 1940 only - Dec 31 0:00 0 -
2015# From Shanks (1991):
| 1959Rule Swiss 1940 only - Dec 31 0:00 0 -
1960# From Shanks (1991):
|
2016Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 " DST"
| 1961Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
|
2017Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
2018# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2019Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1848 Sep 12
| 1962Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
1963# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1964Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1848 Sep 12
|
2020 0:30 - SST 1894 Jun # Swiss Standard Time
2021 1:00 Swiss MET%s 1981
2022 1:00 EU MET%s
| 1965 0:29:44 - BMT 1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time
1966 1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981
1967 1:00 EU CE%sT
|
2023
| 1968
|
2024# ZONE-DESCR Europe Zurich Switzerland All points
2025
| |
2026# Turkey
| 1969# Turkey
|
2027# European Turkey switched to the Gregorian calendar in 1908.
2028# Asian Turkey switched in 1914.
| |
2029# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
| 1970# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
2030Rule Turkey 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
| 1971Rule Turkey 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
|
2031Rule Turkey 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
| 1972Rule Turkey 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
|
2032Rule Turkey 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 " DST"
| 1973Rule Turkey 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S
|
2033Rule Turkey 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 -
| 1974Rule Turkey 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 -
|
2034Rule Turkey 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 " DST"
| 1975Rule Turkey 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
|
2035Rule Turkey 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
| 1976Rule Turkey 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
|
2036Rule Turkey 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 " DST"
| 1977Rule Turkey 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
|
2037Rule Turkey 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
2038# Whitman gives 1923 Apr 28 - Sep 16 and no DST in 1924-1925; go with Shanks.
| 1978Rule Turkey 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
1979# Whitman gives 1923 Apr 28 - Sep 16 and no DST in 1924-1925; go with Shanks.
|
2039Rule Turkey 1924 only - May 13 0:00 1:00 " DST"
| 1980Rule Turkey 1924 only - May 13 0:00 1:00 S
|
2040Rule Turkey 1924 1925 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
| 1981Rule Turkey 1924 1925 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
|
2041Rule Turkey 1925 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
| 1982Rule Turkey 1925 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
|
2042# Shanks omits the first two transitions in 1940; go with Whitman.
| 1983# Shanks omits the first two transitions in 1940; go with Whitman.
|
2043Rule Turkey 1940 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 " DST"
| 1984Rule Turkey 1940 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 S
|
2044Rule Turkey 1940 only - Oct 5 0:00 0 -
| 1985Rule Turkey 1940 only - Oct 5 0:00 0 -
|
2045Rule Turkey 1940 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
| 1986Rule Turkey 1940 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S
|
2046Rule Turkey 1941 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
| 1987Rule Turkey 1941 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
|
2047Rule Turkey 1942 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
| 1988Rule Turkey 1942 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
|
2048# Whitman omits the next two transition and gives 1945 Oct 1; go with Shanks.
2049Rule Turkey 1942 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
| 1989# Whitman omits the next two transition and gives 1945 Oct 1; go with Shanks.
1990Rule Turkey 1942 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
|
2050Rule Turkey 1945 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 " DST"
| 1991Rule Turkey 1945 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 S
|
2051Rule Turkey 1945 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
| 1992Rule Turkey 1945 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
|
2052Rule Turkey 1946 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
| 1993Rule Turkey 1946 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
|
2053Rule Turkey 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
| 1994Rule Turkey 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
|
2054Rule Turkey 1947 1948 - Apr Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 " DST"
| 1995Rule Turkey 1947 1948 - Apr Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
|
2055Rule Turkey 1947 1950 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 -
| 1996Rule Turkey 1947 1950 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 -
|
2056Rule Turkey 1949 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 " DST"
2057Rule Turkey 1950 only - Apr 19 0:00 1:00 " DST"
2058Rule Turkey 1951 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 " DST"
| 1997Rule Turkey 1949 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S
1998Rule Turkey 1950 only - Apr 19 0:00 1:00 S
1999Rule Turkey 1951 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S
|
2059Rule Turkey 1951 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
| 2000Rule Turkey 1951 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
|
2060Rule Turkey 1962 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 " DST"
| 2001Rule Turkey 1962 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S
|
2061Rule Turkey 1962 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
| 2002Rule Turkey 1962 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
|
2062Rule Turkey 1964 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 " DST"
| 2003Rule Turkey 1964 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
|
2063Rule Turkey 1964 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
| 2004Rule Turkey 1964 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
|
2064Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - May Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 " DST"
| 2005Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - May Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 S
|
2065Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 -
| 2006Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 -
|
2066Rule Turkey 1973 only - Jun 3 1:00 1:00 " DST"
| 2007Rule Turkey 1973 only - Jun 3 1:00 1:00 S
|
2067Rule Turkey 1973 only - Nov 4 3:00 0 -
| 2008Rule Turkey 1973 only - Nov 4 3:00 0 -
|
2068Rule Turkey 1974 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 " DST"
| 2009Rule Turkey 1974 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
|
2069Rule Turkey 1974 only - Nov 3 5:00 0 -
| 2010Rule Turkey 1974 only - Nov 3 5:00 0 -
|
2070Rule Turkey 1975 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 " DST"
| 2011Rule Turkey 1975 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S
|
2071Rule Turkey 1975 1976 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
| 2012Rule Turkey 1975 1976 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
|
2072Rule Turkey 1976 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
2073Rule Turkey 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
| 2013Rule Turkey 1976 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
2014Rule Turkey 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
|
2074Rule Turkey 1977 only - Oct 16 0:00 0 -
| 2015Rule Turkey 1977 only - Oct 16 0:00 0 -
|
2075Rule Turkey 1979 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 3:00 1:00 " DST"
| 2016Rule Turkey 1979 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 3:00 1:00 S
|
2076Rule Turkey 1979 1982 - Oct Mon>=11 0:00 0 -
| 2017Rule Turkey 1979 1982 - Oct Mon>=11 0:00 0 -
|
2077Rule Turkey 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 3:00 1:00 " DST"
2078Rule Turkey 1983 only - Jul 31 0:00 1:00 " DST"
| 2018Rule Turkey 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 3:00 1:00 S
2019Rule Turkey 1983 only - Jul 31 0:00 1:00 S
|
2079Rule Turkey 1983 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
| 2020Rule Turkey 1983 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
|
2080Rule Turkey 1985 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 " DST"
| 2021Rule Turkey 1985 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 S
|
2081Rule Turkey 1985 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
2082# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2083Zone Europe/Istanbul 1:55:52 - LMT 1880
| 2022Rule Turkey 1985 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
2023# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2024Zone Europe/Istanbul 1:55:52 - LMT 1880
|
2084 1:57 - OMT 1910 Oct # Ottoman Mean Time
2085 2:00 Turkey EET%s 1978 Oct 15
2086 3:00 Turkey TUR%s 1985 Apr 20
2087 2:00 Turkey EET%s 1986
2088 2:00 M-Eur EET%s
2089# This may change to `EU' soon.
| 2025 1:56:56 - IMT 1910 Oct # Istanbul Mean Time?
2026 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1978 Oct 15
2027 3:00 Turkey TR%sT 1985 Apr 20 # Turkey Time
2028 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1986
2029 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT
|
2090Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents.
2091
| 2030Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents.
2031
|
2092# ZONE-DESCR Europe Istanbul Turkey All points
2093
| |
2094# Ukraine
2095# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
| 2032# Ukraine
2033# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
2096Rule Ukraine 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 " DST"
2097Rule Ukraine 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 -
2098Rule Ukraine 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 " DST"
2099Rule Ukraine 1921 only - Mar 21 23:00 2:00 " DDST"
2100Rule Ukraine 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
2101Rule Ukraine 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
| 2034Rule Ukraine 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 UST # Ukrainian Summer Time
2035Rule Ukraine 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 KMT # Kiev Mean TIme
2036Rule Ukraine 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 UDST # Ukrainian Double Summer Time
2037Rule Ukraine 1918 only - Sep 17 0:00 1:00 UST
2038Rule Ukraine 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 UDST
2039Rule Ukraine 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 UST
2040Rule Ukraine 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 KMT
2041Rule Ukraine 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 UST
2042Rule Ukraine 1921 only - Mar 21 23:00 2:00 UDST
2043Rule Ukraine 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 UST
2044Rule Ukraine 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 KMT
2045Rule Crimea 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 CST # Crimean Summer Time
2046Rule Crimea 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 NMT # Nikolayev Mean Time
2047Rule Crimea 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 CDST # Crimean Double Summer Time
2048Rule Crimea 1918 only - Sep 17 0:00 1:00 CST
2049Rule Crimea 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 CDST
2050Rule Crimea 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 CST
2051Rule Crimea 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 NMT
2052Rule Crimea 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 CST
2053Rule Crimea 1921 only - Mar 21 23:00 2:00 CDST
2054Rule Crimea 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 CST
2055Rule Crimea 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 NMT
|
2102# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2103Zone Europe/Kiev 2:02:04 - LMT 1880
| 2056# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2057Zone Europe/Kiev 2:02:04 - LMT 1880
|
2104 2:02 Russia LST%s 1919 Jul 1 2:00
2105 2:02 Ukraine LST%s 1924 May 2
| 2058 2:02:04 Ukraine %s 1924 May 2
|
2106 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
| 2059 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
|
2107 3:00 Russia MS%s 1990 Jul 17
2108 2:00 M-Eur EET%s
2109# This may change to `EU' soon.
| 2060 3:00 Russia MOS%sT 1990 Jul 17 # Moscow Time
2061 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT
|
2110Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880
| 2062Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880
|
2111 2:08 Russia LST%s 1919 Jul 1 2:00
2112 2:08 Ukraine LST%s 1924 May 2
| 2063 2:08:00 Crimea %s 1924 May 2
|
2113 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
| 2064 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
|
2114 3:00 Russia MS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2115 2:00 1:00 "EET DST" 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
2116# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (May 28, 1994):
| 2065 3:00 Russia MOS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2066 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
2067# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1994-05-28):
|
2117# Today's _Economist_ (p 45) reports that Crimea switched
2118# from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January elections.
2119# For now, we'll guess that there was a 2-hour leap forward on March 27.
| 2068# Today's _Economist_ (p 45) reports that Crimea switched
2069# from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January elections.
2070# For now, we'll guess that there was a 2-hour leap forward on March 27.
|
2120 2:00 M-Eur EET%s 1994 Mar 27 2:00s
2121 3:00 Russia MS%s
| 2071 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1994 Mar 27 2:00s
2072 3:00 Russia MOS%sT
|
2122
| 2073
|
2123# ZONE-DESCR Europe Kiev Ukraine All points except:
2124# ZONE-DESCR Europe Simferopol Ukraine Crimea
2125
| |
2126# Yugoslavia
| 2074# Yugoslavia
|
2127# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1918 Mar 18.
| |
2128# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2129Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884
| 2075# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2076Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884
|
2130 1:00 - MET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
2131 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 May 8 2:00s
2132 1:00 1:00 "MET DST" 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
2133 1:00 - MET 1983
2134 1:00 EU MET%s
| 2077 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
2078 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s
2079 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
2080 1:00 - CET 1983
2081 1:00 EU CE%sT
|
2135
| 2082
|
2136# ZONE-DESCR Europe Belgrade Serbia All points
2137
| |
2138###############################################################################
2139
2140# One source shows that Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, and Greece observe DST from
2141# the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in September in 1986.
2142# The source shows Romania changing a day later than everybody else.
2143#
2144# According to Bernard Sieloff's source, Poland is in the MET time zone but
2145# uses the WE DST rules. The Western USSR uses EET+1 and ME DST rules.
2146# Bernard Sieloff's source claims Romania switches on the same day, but at
2147# 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST). It also claims that Turkey
2148# switches on the same day, but switches on at 01:00 standard time
2149# and off at 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST)
2150
2151# ...
2152# Date: Wed, 28 Jan 87 16:56:27 -0100
2153# From: seismo!mcvax!cgcha!wtho (Tom Hofmann)
2154# Message-Id: <8701281556.AA22174@cgcha.uucp>
2155# ...
2156#
2157# ...the European time rules are...standardized since 1981, when
2158# most European coun[tr]ies started DST. Before that year, only
2159# a few countries (UK, France, Italy) had DST, each according
2160# to own national rules. In 1981, however, DST started on
2161# 'Apr firstSun', and not on 'Mar lastSun' as in the following
2162# years...
2163# But also since 1981 there are some more national exceptions
2164# than listed in 'europe': Switzerland, for example, joined DST
2165# one year later, Denmark ended DST on 'Oct 1' instead of 'Sep
2166# lastSun' in 1981---I don't know how they handle now.
2167#
2168# Finally, DST ist always from 'Apr 1' to 'Oct 1' in the
2169# Soviet Union (as far as I know).
2170#
2171# Tom Hofmann, Scientific Computer Center, CIBA-GEIGY AG,
2172# 4002 Basle, Switzerland
2173# UUCP: ...!mcvax!cernvax!cgcha!wtho
2174
2175# ...
2176# Date: Wed, 4 Feb 87 22:35:22 +0100
2177# From: seismo!mcvax!cwi.nl!dik (Dik T. Winter)
2178# ...
2179#
2180# The information from Tom Hofmann is (as far as I know) not entirely correct.
2181# After a request from chongo at amdahl I tried to retrieve all information
2182# about DST in Europe. I was able to find all from about 1969.
2183#
2184# ...standardization on DST in Europe started in about 1977 with switches on
2185# first Sunday in April and last Sunday in September...
2186# In 1981 UK joined Europe insofar that
2187# the starting day for both shifted to last Sunday in March. And from 1982
2188# the whole of Europe used DST, with switch dates April 1 and October 1 in
2189# the Sov[i]et Union. In 1985 the SU reverted to standard Europe[a]n switch
2190# dates...
2191#
2192# It should also be remembered that time-zones are not constants; e.g.
2193# Portugal switched in 1976 from MET (or CET) to WET with DST...
2194# Note also that though there were rules for switch dates not
2195# all countries abided to these dates, and many individual deviations
2196# occurred, though not since 1982 I believe. Another note: it is always
2197# assumed that DST is 1 hour ahead of normal time, this need not be the
2198# case; at least in the Netherlands there have been times when DST was 2 hours
2199# in advance of normal time.
2200#
2201# ...
2202# dik t. winter, cwi, amsterdam, nederland
2203# INTERNET : dik@cwi.nl
2204# BITNET/EARN: dik@mcvax
2205
| 2083###############################################################################
2084
2085# One source shows that Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, and Greece observe DST from
2086# the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in September in 1986.
2087# The source shows Romania changing a day later than everybody else.
2088#
2089# According to Bernard Sieloff's source, Poland is in the MET time zone but
2090# uses the WE DST rules. The Western USSR uses EET+1 and ME DST rules.
2091# Bernard Sieloff's source claims Romania switches on the same day, but at
2092# 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST). It also claims that Turkey
2093# switches on the same day, but switches on at 01:00 standard time
2094# and off at 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST)
2095
2096# ...
2097# Date: Wed, 28 Jan 87 16:56:27 -0100
2098# From: seismo!mcvax!cgcha!wtho (Tom Hofmann)
2099# Message-Id: <8701281556.AA22174@cgcha.uucp>
2100# ...
2101#
2102# ...the European time rules are...standardized since 1981, when
2103# most European coun[tr]ies started DST. Before that year, only
2104# a few countries (UK, France, Italy) had DST, each according
2105# to own national rules. In 1981, however, DST started on
2106# 'Apr firstSun', and not on 'Mar lastSun' as in the following
2107# years...
2108# But also since 1981 there are some more national exceptions
2109# than listed in 'europe': Switzerland, for example, joined DST
2110# one year later, Denmark ended DST on 'Oct 1' instead of 'Sep
2111# lastSun' in 1981---I don't know how they handle now.
2112#
2113# Finally, DST ist always from 'Apr 1' to 'Oct 1' in the
2114# Soviet Union (as far as I know).
2115#
2116# Tom Hofmann, Scientific Computer Center, CIBA-GEIGY AG,
2117# 4002 Basle, Switzerland
2118# UUCP: ...!mcvax!cernvax!cgcha!wtho
2119
2120# ...
2121# Date: Wed, 4 Feb 87 22:35:22 +0100
2122# From: seismo!mcvax!cwi.nl!dik (Dik T. Winter)
2123# ...
2124#
2125# The information from Tom Hofmann is (as far as I know) not entirely correct.
2126# After a request from chongo at amdahl I tried to retrieve all information
2127# about DST in Europe. I was able to find all from about 1969.
2128#
2129# ...standardization on DST in Europe started in about 1977 with switches on
2130# first Sunday in April and last Sunday in September...
2131# In 1981 UK joined Europe insofar that
2132# the starting day for both shifted to last Sunday in March. And from 1982
2133# the whole of Europe used DST, with switch dates April 1 and October 1 in
2134# the Sov[i]et Union. In 1985 the SU reverted to standard Europe[a]n switch
2135# dates...
2136#
2137# It should also be remembered that time-zones are not constants; e.g.
2138# Portugal switched in 1976 from MET (or CET) to WET with DST...
2139# Note also that though there were rules for switch dates not
2140# all countries abided to these dates, and many individual deviations
2141# occurred, though not since 1982 I believe. Another note: it is always
2142# assumed that DST is 1 hour ahead of normal time, this need not be the
2143# case; at least in the Netherlands there have been times when DST was 2 hours
2144# in advance of normal time.
2145#
2146# ...
2147# dik t. winter, cwi, amsterdam, nederland
2148# INTERNET : dik@cwi.nl
2149# BITNET/EARN: dik@mcvax
2150
|
2206# From Bob Devine (January 28, 1988):
| 2151# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
|
2207# ...
2208# Greece: Last Sunday in April to last Sunday in September (iffy on dates).
2209# Since 1978. Change at midnight.
2210# ...
2211# Monaco: has same DST as France.
2212# ...
2213
2214# ...
2215# Date: Fri, 3 Sep 93 13:43:41 BST
2216# From: Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk>
2217# ...
2218# Turning to Europe, I now have a copy of the `Sixth Council Directive 92/20/EEC
2219# of 26 March 1992 on summertime arrangements'. This only covers 1993 and
2220# 1994, a seventh one is in the works but I doubt that the algorithm will
2221# change. This says summertime starts at 01:00 GMT on the last Sunday in March
2222# and ends at 01:00 GMT on the last Sunday in September, except for the UK
2223# and Eire where it ends at 01:00 GMT on the fourth Sunday in October.
2224# It says the arrangements for 1995 onwards will be decided by 1 January 1994,
2225# but as the sixth directive was supposed to appear by 1 Jan 92 and didn't
2226# arrive til March I wouldn't hold your breath.
2227#
2228# The first summertime directive was adopted in 1980, although the UK didn't
2229# seem to use it until 1981. I suspect it would be safe to move your start
2230# dates for the -Eur rules back to 1981.
| 2152# ...
2153# Greece: Last Sunday in April to last Sunday in September (iffy on dates).
2154# Since 1978. Change at midnight.
2155# ...
2156# Monaco: has same DST as France.
2157# ...
2158
2159# ...
2160# Date: Fri, 3 Sep 93 13:43:41 BST
2161# From: Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk>
2162# ...
2163# Turning to Europe, I now have a copy of the `Sixth Council Directive 92/20/EEC
2164# of 26 March 1992 on summertime arrangements'. This only covers 1993 and
2165# 1994, a seventh one is in the works but I doubt that the algorithm will
2166# change. This says summertime starts at 01:00 GMT on the last Sunday in March
2167# and ends at 01:00 GMT on the last Sunday in September, except for the UK
2168# and Eire where it ends at 01:00 GMT on the fourth Sunday in October.
2169# It says the arrangements for 1995 onwards will be decided by 1 January 1994,
2170# but as the sixth directive was supposed to appear by 1 Jan 92 and didn't
2171# arrive til March I wouldn't hold your breath.
2172#
2173# The first summertime directive was adopted in 1980, although the UK didn't
2174# seem to use it until 1981. I suspect it would be safe to move your start
2175# dates for the -Eur rules back to 1981.
|