1# @(#)europe 7.74
2
3# $FreeBSD: head/share/zoneinfo/europe 67578 2000-10-25 19:36:49Z wollman $
4
5# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
6# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
7# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
8
9# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-10-29):
10# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
11# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition),
12# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999).
13#
14# Gwillim Law <Gwil_Law@bridge-point.com> writes that a good source
15# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
16# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
17# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
18# of the IATA's data after 1990.
19#
20# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1991,
21# and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
22#
23# Other sources occasionally used include:
24#
25# Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
26# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated),
27# which I found in the UCLA library.
28#
29# Brazil's Departamento Servico da Hora (DSH),
30# <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HISTHV.htm">
31# History of Summer Time
32# </a> (1998-09-21, in Portuguese)
33
34#
35# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
36# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
37# Corrections are welcome!
38# std dst
39# LMT Local Mean Time
40# -4:00 AST Atlantic
41# -3:00 WGT WGST Western Greenland*
42# -1:00 EGT EGST Eastern Greenland*
43# 0:00 GMT BST Greenwich, British Summer
44# 0:00 GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer
45# 0:00 WET WEST Western Europe
46# 1:00 CET CEST Central Europe
47# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe
48# 3:00 MSK MSD Moscow
49#
50# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones, especially in Britain,
51# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
52
53# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-12-04),
54# The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy,
55# Luxembourg, the Netherlands.
56# Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom.
57# Plus, from 1 Jan 81: Greece.
58# Plus, from 1 Jan 86: Spain, Portugal.
59# Plus, from 1 Jan 95: Austria, Finland, Sweden. (Norway negotiated terms for
60# entry but in a referendum on 28 Nov 94 the people voted No by 52.2% to 47.8%
61# on a turnout of 88.6%. This was almost the same result as Norway's previous
62# referendum in 1972, they are the only country to have said No twice.
63# Referendums in the other three countries voted Yes.)
64# ...
65# Estonia ... uses EU dates but not at 01:00 GMT, they use midnight GMT.
66# I don't think they know yet what they will do from 1996 onwards.
67# ...
68# There shouldn't be any [current members who are not using EU rules].
69# A Directive has the force of law, member states are obliged to enact
70# national law to implement it. The only contentious issue was the
71# different end date for the UK and Ireland, and this was always allowed
72# in the Directive.
73
74
75###############################################################################
76
77# Britain (United Kingdom) and Ireland (Eire)
78
79# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-07-06):
80#
81# On 17 Jan 1994 the Independent, a UK quality newspaper, had a piece about
82# historical vistas along the Thames in west London. There was a photo
83# and a sketch map showing some of the sightlines involved. One paragraph
84# of the text said:
85#
86# `An old stone obelisk marking a forgotten terrestrial meridian stands
87# beside the river at Kew. In the 18th century, before time and longitude
88# was standardised by the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, scholars observed
89# this stone and the movement of stars from Kew Observatory nearby. They
90# made their calculations and set the time for the Horse Guards and Parliament,
91# but now the stone is obscured by scrubwood and can only be seen by walking
92# along the towpath within a few yards of it.'
93#
94# I have a one inch to one mile map of London and my estimate of the stone's
95# position is 51 deg. 28' 30" N, 0 deg. 18' 45" W. The longitude should
96# be within about +-2". The Ordnance Survey grid reference is TQ172761.
97#
98# [This yields GMTOFF = -0:01:15 for London LMT in the 18th century.]
99
100# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1993-11-18):
101#
102# Howse writes that Britain was the first country to use standard time.
103# The railways cared most about the inconsistencies of local mean time,
104# and it was they who forced a uniform time on the country.
105# The original idea was credited to Dr. William Hyde Wollaston (1766-1828)
106# and was popularized by Abraham Follett Osler (1808-1903).
107# The first railway to adopt London time was the Great Western Railway
108# in November 1840; other railways followed suit, and by 1847 most
109# (though not all) railways used London time. On 1847-09-22 the
110# Railway Clearing House, an industry standards body, recommended that GMT be
111# adopted at all stations as soon as the General Post Office permitted it.
112# The transition occurred on 12-01 for the L&NW, the Caledonian,
113# and presumably other railways; the January 1848 Bradshaw's lists many
114# railways as using GMT. By 1855 the vast majority of public
115# clocks in Britain were set to GMT (though some, like the great clock
116# on Tom Tower at Christ Church, Oxford, were fitted with two minute hands,
117# one for local time and one for GMT). The last major holdout was the legal
118# system, which stubbornly stuck to local time for many years, leading
119# to oddities like polls opening at 08:13 and closing at 16:13.
120# The legal system finally switched to GMT when the Statutes (Definition
121# of Time) Act took effect; it received the Royal Assent on 1880-08-02.
122#
123# In the tables below, we condense this complicated story into a single
124# transition date for London, namely 1847-12-01. We don't know as much
125# about Dublin, so we use 1880-08-02, the legal transition time.
126
127# From Paul Eggert (1999-01-30):
128# Summer Time was first seriously proposed by William Willett (1857-1915),
129# a London builder and member of the Royal Astronomical Society
130# who circulated a pamphlet ``The Waste of Daylight'' (1907)
131# that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April,
132# and retarding them by the same amount on four Sundays in September.
133# A bill was drafted in 1909 and introduced in Parliament several times,
134# but it met with ridicule and opposition, especially from farming interests.
135# One-hour Summer Time was eventually adopted as a wartime measure in 1916.
136# See:
137# <a href="http://www.the-times.co.uk/news/pages/tim/2000/05/18/x-timcrtcrt01011.html">
138# Summer Time Arrives Early, The Times (2000-05-18)
139# </a>
140
141# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
142# The OED Supplement says that the English originally said ``Daylight Saving''
143# when they were debating the adoption of DST in 1908; but by 1916 this
144# term appears only in quotes taken from DST's opponents, whereas the
145# proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using ``Summer''.
146
147# From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-19):
148#
149# A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's
150# known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom.
151
152# Date: 4 Jan 89 08:57:25 GMT (Wed)
153# From: Jonathan Leffler <nih-csl!uunet!mcvax!sphinx.co.uk!john>
154# [British Summer Time] is fixed annually by Act of Parliament.
155# If you can predict what Parliament will do, you should be in
156# politics making a fortune, not computing.
157
158# From Chris Carrier <72157.3334@CompuServe.COM> (1996-06-14):
159# I remember reading in various wartime issues of the London Times the
160# acronym BDST for British Double Summer Time. Look for the published
161# time of sunrise and sunset in The Times, when BDST was in effect, and
162# if you find a zone reference it will say, "All times B.D.S.T."
163
164# From Joseph S. Myers (1999-09-02):
165# ... some military cables (WO 219/4100 - this is a copy from the
166# main SHAEF archives held in the US National Archives, SHAEF/5252/8/516)
167# agree that the usage is BDST (this appears in a message dated 17 Feb 1945).
168
169# From Joseph S. Meyers (2000-08-10):
170# On 18th April 1941, Sir Stephen Tallents of the BBC wrote to Sir
171# Alexander Maxwell of the Home Office asking whether there was any
172# official designation; the reply of the 21st was that there wasn't
173# but he couldn't think of anything better than the "Double British
174# Summer Time" that the BBC had been using informally.
175# I've put a copy of the Home Office letter at
176# http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/ho-19410421.png
177# and the BBC letter may follow if I get permission from the BBC.
178
179# From Sir Alexander Maxwell in the above-mentioned letter (1941-04-21):
180# [N]o official designation has as far as I know been adopted for the time
181# which is to be introduced in May....
182# I cannot think of anything better than "Double British Summer Time"
183# which could not be said to run counter to any official description.
184
185# From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
186# Howse writes (p 157) `DBST' too, but `BDST' seems to have been common
187# and follows the more usual convention of putting the location name first,
188# so we use `BDST'.
189
190# Peter Ilieve <peter@aldie.co.uk> (1998-04-19) described at length
191# the history of summer time legislation in the United Kingdom.
192# Since 1998 Joseph S. Myers <jsm28@cam.ac.uk> has been updating
193# and extending this list, which can be found in
194# <a href="http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/">
195# History of legal time in Britain
196# </a> (2000-02-12).
197
198# From Joseph S. Myers <jsm28@cam.ac.uk> (1998-01-06):
199#
200# The legal time in the UK outside of summer time is definitely GMT, not UTC;
201# see Lord Tanlaw's speech
202# <a href="http://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/ld199697/ldhansrd/pdvn/lds97/text/70611-20.htm#70611-20_head0">
203# (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976)
204# </a>.
205
206# From Paul Eggert (2000-02-17):
207#
208# For lack of other data, we'll follow Shanks for Eire in 1940-1948.
209#
210# Given Ilieve and Myers's data, the following claims by Shanks are incorrect:
211# * Wales did not switch from GMT to daylight saving time until
212# 1921 Apr 3, when they began to conform with the rest of Great Britain.
213# Actually, Wales was identical after 1880.
214# * Eire had two transitions on 1916 Oct 1.
215# It actually just had one transition.
216# * Northern Ireland used single daylight saving time throughout WW II.
217# Actually, it conformed to Britain.
218# * GB-Eire changed standard time to 1 hour ahead of GMT on 1968-02-18.
219# Actually, that date saw the usual switch to summer time.
220# Standard time was not changed until 1968-10-27 (the clocks didn't change).
221#
222# Here is another incorrect claim by Shanks:
223# * Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man did not switch from GMT
224# to daylight saving time until 1921 Apr 3, when they began to
225# conform with Great Britain.
226# S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382 and HO 45/10811/312364 (quoted above) say otherwise.
227#
228# The following claim by Shanks is possible though doubtful;
229# we'll ignore it for now.
230# * Dublin's 1971-10-31 switch was at 02:00, even though London's was 03:00.
231#
232#
233# Whitman says Dublin Mean Time was -0:25:21, which is more precise than Shanks.
234
235# From Paul Eggert (1999-03-28):
236# Clive Feather (<news:859845706.26043.0@office.demon.net>, 1997-03-31)
237# reports that Folkestone (Cheriton) Shuttle Terminal uses Concession Time
238# (CT), equivalent to French civil time.
239# Julian Hill (<news:36118128.5A14@virgin.net>, 1998-09-30) reports that
240# trains between Dollands Moor (the freight facility next door)
241# and Frethun run in CT.
242# My admittedly uninformed guess is that the terminal has two authorities,
243# the French concession operators and the British civil authorities,
244# and that the time depends on who you're talking to.
245# If, say, the British police were called to the station for some reason,
246# I would expect the official police report to use GMT/BST and not CET/CEST.
247# This is a borderline case, but for now let's stick to GMT/BST.
248
249# From an anonymous contributor (1996-06-02):
250# The law governing time in Ireland is under Statutory Instrument SI 395/94,
251# which gives force to European Union 7th Council Directive # 94/21/EC.
252# Under this directive, the Minister for Justice in Ireland makes appropriate
253# regulations. I spoke this morning with the Secretary of the Department of
254# Justice (tel +353 1 678 9711) who confirmed to me that the correct name is
255# "Irish Summer Time", abbreviated to "IST".
256
257# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
258# Summer Time Act, 1916
259Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - May 21 2:00s 1:00 BST
260Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 GMT
261# S.R.&O. 1917, No. 358
262Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 BST
263Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 GMT
264# S.R.&O. 1918, No. 274
265Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Mar 24 2:00s 1:00 BST
266Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Sep 30 2:00s 0 GMT
267# S.R.&O. 1919, No. 297
268Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 BST
269Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Sep 29 2:00s 0 GMT
270# S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458
271Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Mar 28 2:00s 1:00 BST
272# S.R.&O. 1920, No. 1844
273Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Oct 25 2:00s 0 GMT
274# S.R.&O. 1921, No. 363
275Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST
276Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 GMT
277# S.R.&O. 1922, No. 264
278Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 BST
279Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Oct 8 2:00s 0 GMT
280# The Summer Time Act, 1922
281Rule GB-Eire 1923 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
282Rule GB-Eire 1923 1924 - Sep Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT
283Rule GB-Eire 1924 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
284Rule GB-Eire 1925 1926 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
285# The Summer Time Act, 1925
286Rule GB-Eire 1925 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT
287Rule GB-Eire 1927 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
288Rule GB-Eire 1928 1929 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
289Rule GB-Eire 1930 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
290Rule GB-Eire 1931 1932 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
291Rule GB-Eire 1933 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
292Rule GB-Eire 1934 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
293Rule GB-Eire 1935 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
294Rule GB-Eire 1936 1937 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
295Rule GB-Eire 1938 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
296Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
297# S.R.&O. 1939, No. 1379
298Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Nov Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT
299# S.R.&O. 1940, No. 172 and No. 1883
300Rule GB-Eire 1940 only - Feb Sun>=23 2:00s 1:00 BST
301# S.R.&O. 1941, No. 476
302Rule GB-Eire 1941 only - May Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST
303Rule GB-Eire 1941 1943 - Aug Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST
304# S.R.&O. 1942, No. 506
305Rule GB-Eire 1942 1944 - Apr Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST
306# S.R.&O. 1944, No. 932
307Rule GB-Eire 1944 only - Sep Sun>=16 1:00s 1:00 BST
308# S.R.&O. 1945, No. 312
309Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Apr Mon>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST
310Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Jul Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST
311# S.R.&O. 1945, No. 1208
312Rule GB-Eire 1945 1946 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT
313Rule GB-Eire 1946 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
314# The Summer Time Act, 1947
315Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Mar 16 2:00s 1:00 BST
316Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Apr 13 1:00s 2:00 BDST
317Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Aug 10 1:00s 1:00 BST
318Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 GMT
319# Summer Time Order, 1948 (S.I. 1948/495)
320Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Mar 14 2:00s 1:00 BST
321Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Oct 31 2:00s 0 GMT
322# Summer Time Order, 1949 (S.I. 1949/373)
323Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST
324Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Oct 30 2:00s 0 GMT
325# Summer Time Order, 1950 (S.I. 1950/518)
326# Summer Time Order, 1951 (S.I. 1951/430)
327# Summer Time Order, 1952 (S.I. 1952/451)
328Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Apr Sun>=14 2:00s 1:00 BST
329Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00s 0 GMT
330# revert to the rules of the Summer Time Act, 1925
331Rule GB-Eire 1953 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
332Rule GB-Eire 1953 1960 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT
333Rule GB-Eire 1954 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
334Rule GB-Eire 1955 1956 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
335Rule GB-Eire 1957 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
336Rule GB-Eire 1958 1959 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
337Rule GB-Eire 1960 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
338# Summer Time Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/71)
339# Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/2465)
340# Summer Time Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/81)
341Rule GB-Eire 1961 1963 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 BST
342Rule GB-Eire 1961 1968 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT
343# Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/2101)
344# Summer Time Order, 1964 (S.I. 1964/1201)
345# Summer Time Order, 1967 (S.I. 1967/1148)
346Rule GB-Eire 1964 1967 - Mar Sun>=19 2:00s 1:00 BST
347# Summer Time Order, 1968 (S.I. 1968/117)
348Rule GB-Eire 1968 only - Feb 18 2:00s 1:00 BST
349# The British Standard Time Act, 1968
350# (no summer time)
351# The Summer Time Act, 1972
352Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
353Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT
354# Summer Time Order, 1980 (S.I. 1980/1089)
355# Summer Time Order, 1982 (S.I. 1982/1673)
356# Summer Time Order, 1986 (S.I. 1986/223)
357# Summer Time Order, 1988 (S.I. 1988/931)
358Rule GB-Eire 1981 1995 - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 BST
359Rule GB-Eire 1981 1989 - Oct Sun>=23 1:00u 0 GMT
360# Summer Time Order, 1989 (S.I. 1989/985)
361# Summer Time Order, 1992 (S.I. 1992/1729)
362# Summer Time Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2798)
363Rule GB-Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u 0 GMT
364# Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982)
365# See EU for rules starting in 1996.
366
367# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
368Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Dec 1
369 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27
370 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
371 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996
372 0:00 EU GMT/BST
373Zone Europe/Belfast -0:23:40 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
374 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 # Dublin MT
375 -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s # Irish Summer Time
376 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27
377 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
378 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996
379 0:00 EU GMT/BST
380Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:21 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
381 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 # Dublin MT
382 -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s
383 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1921 Dec 6 # independence
384 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1940 Feb 25 2:00
385 0:00 1:00 IST 1946 Oct 6 2:00
386 0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00
387 0:00 1:00 IST 1947 Nov 2 2:00
388 0:00 - GMT 1948 Apr 18 2:00
389 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1968 Oct 27
390 1:00 - IST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
391 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1996
392 0:00 EU GMT/IST
393
394###############################################################################
395
396# Continental Europe
397
398# EU rules are for the European Union, previously known as the EC, EEC,
399# Common Market, etc.
400
401# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
402Rule EU 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00u 1:00 S
403Rule EU 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
404Rule EU 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00u 0 -
405Rule EU 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
406Rule EU 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
407Rule EU 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 -
408
409# W-Eur differs from EU only in that W-Eur uses standard time.
410Rule W-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S
411Rule W-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
412Rule W-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00s 0 -
413Rule W-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
414Rule W-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
415Rule W-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 -
416
417# Older C-Eur rules are for convenience in the tables.
418# From 1977 on, C-Eur differs from EU only in that C-Eur uses standard time.
419Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S
420Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
421Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S
422Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 -
423Rule C-Eur 1940 only - Apr 1 2:00s 1:00 S
424Rule C-Eur 1942 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 -
425Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00s 1:00 S
426Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00s 0 -
427Rule C-Eur 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S
428# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 7; go with Shanks.
429Rule C-Eur 1944 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 -
430Rule C-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
431Rule C-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
432Rule C-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 -
433Rule C-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
434Rule C-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
435Rule C-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
436
437# E-Eur differs from EU only in that E-Eur switches at midnight local time.
438Rule E-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
439Rule E-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
440Rule E-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
441Rule E-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
442Rule E-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
443Rule E-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
444
445# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
446Rule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 MST # Moscow Summer Time
447Rule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 MMT # Moscow Mean Time
448Rule Russia 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 MDST # Moscow Double Summer Time
449Rule Russia 1918 only - Sep 16 1:00 1:00 MST
450Rule Russia 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 MDST
451Rule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 S
452Rule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 -
453Rule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S
454Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 M # Midsummer
455Rule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 S
456Rule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
457# Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1980-10-24):
458Rule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
459Rule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
460# Act No.967 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1984-09-13), repeated in
461# Act No.227 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1989-03-14):
462Rule Russia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
463Rule Russia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
464#
465Rule Russia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S
466Rule Russia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 -
467Rule Russia 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
468Rule Russia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
469Rule Russia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
470
471# These are for backward compatibility with older versions.
472
473# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
474Zone WET 0:00 EU WE%sT
475Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT
476Zone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT
477Zone EET 2:00 EU EE%sT
478
479# Previous editions of this database used abbreviations like MET DST
480# for Central European Summer Time, but this didn't agree with common usage.
481
482# From Markus Kuhn <mskuhn@unrza3.dialin.rrze.uni-erlangen.de> (1996-07-12):
483# The official German names ... are
484#
485# Mitteleuropaeische Zeit (MEZ) = UTC+01:00
486# Mitteleuropaeische Sommerzeit (MESZ) = UTC+02:00
487#
488# as defined in the German Time Act (Gesetz ueber die Zeitbestimmung (ZeitG),
489# 1978-07-25, Bundesgesetzblatt, Jahrgang 1978, Teil I, S. 1110-1111)....
490# I wrote ... to the German Federal Physical-Technical Institution
491#
492# Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB)
493# Laboratorium 4.41 "Zeiteinheit"
494# Postfach 3345
495# D-38023 Braunschweig
496# phone: +49 531 592-0
497#
498# ... I received today an answer letter from Dr. Peter Hetzel, head of the PTB
499# department for time and frequency transmission. He explained that the
500# PTB translates MEZ and MESZ into English as
501#
502# Central European Time (CET) = UTC+01:00
503# Central European Summer Time (CEST) = UTC+02:00
504
505
506# Albania
507# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
508Rule Albania 1940 only - Jun 16 0:00 1:00 S
509Rule Albania 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 -
510Rule Albania 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S
511Rule Albania 1943 only - Apr 10 3:00 0 -
512Rule Albania 1974 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 S
513Rule Albania 1974 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
514Rule Albania 1975 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
515Rule Albania 1975 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
516Rule Albania 1976 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S
517Rule Albania 1976 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
518Rule Albania 1977 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S
519Rule Albania 1977 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
520Rule Albania 1978 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S
521Rule Albania 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
522Rule Albania 1979 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 S
523Rule Albania 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
524Rule Albania 1980 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 S
525Rule Albania 1980 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
526Rule Albania 1981 only - Apr 26 0:00 1:00 S
527Rule Albania 1981 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 -
528Rule Albania 1982 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S
529Rule Albania 1982 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
530Rule Albania 1983 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 S
531Rule Albania 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
532Rule Albania 1984 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
533# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
534Zone Europe/Tirane 1:19:20 - LMT 1914
535 1:00 - CET 1940 Jun 16
536 1:00 Albania CE%sT 1984 Jul
537 1:00 EU CE%sT
538
539# Andorra
540# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
541Zone Europe/Andorra 0:06:04 - LMT 1901
542 0:00 - WET 1946 Sep 30
543 1:00 - CET 1985 Mar 31 2:00
544 1:00 EU CE%sT
545
546# Austria
547# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
548Rule Austria 1920 only - Apr 5 2:00s 1:00 S
549Rule Austria 1920 only - Sep 13 2:00s 0 -
550Rule Austria 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
551Rule Austria 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 -
552Rule Austria 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S
553Rule Austria 1946 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
554Rule Austria 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S
555Rule Austria 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
556# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
557Zone Europe/Vienna 1:05:20 - LMT 1893 Apr
558 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Jun 16 3:00
559 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1940 Apr 1 2:00
560 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
561 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1981
562 1:00 EU CE%sT
563
564# Belarus
565# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
566Zone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880
567 1:50 - MMT 1924 May 2 # Minsk Mean Time
568 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
569 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 28
570 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul 3
571 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
572 3:00 - MSK 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
573 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
574 2:00 - EET 1992 Mar 29 0:00s
575 2:00 1:00 EEST 1992 Sep 27 0:00s
576 2:00 Russia EE%sT
577
578# Belgium
579#
580# From Paul Eggert (1997-07-02):
581# Entries from 1918 through 1991 are taken from:
582# Annuaire de L'Observatoire Royal de Belgique,
583# Avenue Circulaire, 3, B-1180 BRUXELLES, CLVIIe annee, 1991
584# (Imprimerie HAYEZ, s.p.r.l., Rue Fin, 4, 1080 BRUXELLES, MCMXC),
585# pp 8-9.
586# LMT before 1892 was 0:17:30, according to the official journal of Belgium:
587# Moniteur Belge, Samedi 30 Avril 1892, N.121.
588# Thanks to Pascal Delmoitie <pascal@belnet.be> for these references.
589# The 1918 rules are listed for completeness; they apply to unoccupied Belgium.
590# Assume Brussels switched to WET in 1918 when the armistice took effect.
591#
592# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
593Rule Belgium 1918 only - Mar 9 0:00s 1:00 S
594Rule Belgium 1918 1919 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
595Rule Belgium 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
596Rule Belgium 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S
597Rule Belgium 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 -
598Rule Belgium 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S
599Rule Belgium 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 -
600Rule Belgium 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S
601Rule Belgium 1922 1927 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
602Rule Belgium 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00s 1:00 S
603Rule Belgium 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S
604Rule Belgium 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S
605# DSH writes that a royal decree of 1926-02-22 specified the Sun following 3rd
606# Sat in Apr (except if it's Easter, in which case it's one Sunday earlier),
607# to Sun following 1st Sat in Oct, and that a royal decree of 1928-09-15
608# changed the transition times to 02:00 GMT.
609Rule Belgium 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S
610Rule Belgium 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S
611Rule Belgium 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S
612Rule Belgium 1928 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 -
613Rule Belgium 1929 only - Apr 21 2:00s 1:00 S
614Rule Belgium 1930 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 S
615Rule Belgium 1931 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S
616Rule Belgium 1932 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S
617Rule Belgium 1933 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 S
618Rule Belgium 1934 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S
619Rule Belgium 1935 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S
620Rule Belgium 1936 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S
621Rule Belgium 1937 only - Apr 4 2:00s 1:00 S
622Rule Belgium 1938 only - Mar 27 2:00s 1:00 S
623Rule Belgium 1939 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 S
624Rule Belgium 1939 only - Nov 19 2:00s 0 -
625Rule Belgium 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00s 1:00 S
626Rule Belgium 1944 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 -
627Rule Belgium 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
628Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
629Rule Belgium 1946 only - May 19 2:00s 1:00 S
630Rule Belgium 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 -
631# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
632Zone Europe/Brussels 0:17:30 - LMT 1880
633 0:17:30 - BMT 1892 May 1 12:00 # Brussels MT
634 0:00 - WET 1914 Nov 8
635 1:00 - CET 1916 May 1 0:00
636 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Nov 11 11:00u
637 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 20 2:00s
638 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 3
639 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977
640 1:00 EU CE%sT
641
642# Bosnia and Herzegovina
643# see Yugoslavia
644
645# Bulgaria
646#
647# From Plamen Simenov <P.Simeonov@cnsys.bg> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
648# A document of Government of Bulgaria (No.94/1997) says:
649# EET --> EETDST is in 03:00 Local time in last Sunday of March ...
650# EETDST --> EET is in 04:00 Local time in last Sunday of October
651#
652# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
653Rule Bulg 1979 only - Mar 31 23:00 1:00 S
654Rule Bulg 1979 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
655Rule Bulg 1980 1982 - Apr Sat<=7 23:00 1:00 S
656Rule Bulg 1980 only - Sep 29 1:00 0 -
657Rule Bulg 1981 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 -
658# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
659Zone Europe/Sofia 1:33:16 - LMT 1880
660 1:56:56 - IMT 1894 Nov 30 # Istanbul MT?
661 2:00 - EET 1942 Nov 2 3:00
662 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 3:00
663 2:00 - EET 1979 Mar 31 23:00
664 2:00 Bulg EE%sT 1982 Sep 26 2:00
665 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991
666 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997
667 2:00 EU EE%sT
668
669# Croatia
670# see Yugosloavia
671
672# Czech Republic
673# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
674Rule Czech 1945 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S
675Rule Czech 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 -
676Rule Czech 1946 only - May 6 2:00s 1:00 S
677Rule Czech 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
678Rule Czech 1947 only - Apr 20 2:00s 1:00 S
679Rule Czech 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
680Rule Czech 1949 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 S
681# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
682Zone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850
683 0:57:44 - PMT 1891 Oct # Prague Mean Time
684 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 17 2:00s
685 1:00 Czech CE%sT 1979
686 1:00 EU CE%sT
687
688# Denmark, Faeroe Islands, and Greenland
689# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
690Rule Denmark 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S
691Rule Denmark 1916 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 -
692Rule Denmark 1940 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
693Rule Denmark 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
694Rule Denmark 1945 only - Aug 15 2:00s 0 -
695Rule Denmark 1946 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 S
696Rule Denmark 1946 only - Sep 1 2:00s 0 -
697Rule Denmark 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S
698Rule Denmark 1947 only - Aug 10 2:00s 0 -
699Rule Denmark 1948 only - May 9 2:00s 1:00 S
700Rule Denmark 1948 only - Aug 8 2:00s 0 -
701# Whitman also gives 1949 Apr 9 to 1949 Oct 1, and disagrees in minor ways
702# about many of the above dates; go with Shanks.
703#
704# For 1894, Shanks says Jan, Whitman Apr; go with Whitman.
705# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
706Zone Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890
707 0:50:20 - CMT 1894 Apr # Copenhagen Mean Time
708 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
709 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
710 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1980
711 1:00 EU CE%sT
712Zone Atlantic/Faeroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # Torshavn
713 0:00 - WET 1981
714 0:00 EU WE%sT
715#
716# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
717# Greenland joined the EU as part of Denmark, obtained home rule on 1979-05-01,
718# and left the EU on 1985-02-01. It therefore should have been using EU
719# rules at least through 1984. Shanks says Scoresbysund and Godthab
720# used C-Eur rules after 1980, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says they use EU
721# rules since at least 1991. Assume EU rules since 1980.
722
723#
724# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
725Rule Thule 1993 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
726Rule Thule 1993 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
727#
728# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
729Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:29:00 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormiit
730 -2:00 - CGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
731 -2:00 C-Eur CG%sT 1981 Mar 29
732 -1:00 EU EG%sT
733Zone America/Godthab -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Nuuk
734 -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
735 -3:00 EU WG%sT
736Zone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik air base
737 -4:00 Thule A%sT
738
739# Estonia
740# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-10-15):
741# A relative in Tallinn confirms the accuracy of the data for 1989 onwards
742# [through 1994] and gives the legal authority for it,
743# a regulation of the Government of Estonia, No. 111 of 1989....
744#
745# From Peter Ilieve <peter@aldie.co.uk> (1996-10-28):
746# [IATA SSIM (1992/1996) claims that the Baltic republics switch at 01:00s,
747# but a relative confirms that Estonia still switches at 02:00s, writing:]
748# ``I do not [know] exactly but there are some little different
749# (confusing) rules for International Air and Railway Transport Schedules
750# conversion in Sunday connected with end of summer time in Estonia....
751# A discussion is running about the summer time efficiency and effect on
752# human physiology. It seems that Estonia maybe will not change to
753# summer time next spring.''
754
755# From Peter Ilieve <peter@aldie.co.uk> (1998-11-04), heavily edited:
756# <a href="http://trip.rk.ee/cgi-bin/thw?${BASE}=akt&${OOHTML}=rtd&TA=1998&TO=1&AN=1390">
757# The 1998-09-22 Estonian time law
758# </a>
759# refers to the Eighth Directive and cites the association agreement between
760# the EU and Estonia, ratified by the Estonian law (RT II 1995, 22--27, 120).
761#
762# I also asked [my relative] whether they use any standard abbreviation
763# for their standard and summer times. He says no, they use "suveaeg"
764# (summer time) and "talveaeg" (winter time).
765
766# From <a href="http://www.baltictimes.com/">The Baltic Times</a> (1999-09-09)
767# via Steffen Thorsen:
768# This year will mark the last time Estonia shifts to summer time,
769# a council of the ruling coalition announced Sept. 6....
770# But what this could mean for Estonia's chances of joining the European
771# Union are still unclear. In 1994, the EU declared summer time compulsory
772# for all member states until 2001. Brussels has yet to decide what to do
773# after that.
774
775# From Mart Oruaas (2000-01-29):
776# Regulation no. 301 (1999-10-12) obsoletes previous regulation
777# no. 206 (1998-09-22) and thus sticks Estonia to +02:00 GMT for all
778# the year round. The regulation is effective 1999-11-01.
779
780# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
781Zone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880
782 1:39:00 - TMT 1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time
783 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1919 Jul
784 1:39:00 - TMT 1921 May
785 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 6
786 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 15
787 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 22
788 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
789 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep 24 2:00s
790 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 Sep 22
791 2:00 EU EE%sT 1999 Nov 1
792 2:00 - EET
793
794# Finland
795#
796# From Hannu Strang <chs@apu.fi> (25 Sep 1994 06:03:37 UTC):
797# Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one,
798# and it's supposed to change at 4am...
799#
800# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (25 Sep 1994):
801# Shanks says Finland has switched at 02:00 standard time since 1981.
802# Go with Strang instead.
803#
804# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
805Rule Finland 1942 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
806Rule Finland 1942 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
807# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
808Zone Europe/Helsinki 1:39:52 - LMT 1878 May 31
809 1:39:52 - HMT 1921 May # Helsinki Mean Time
810 2:00 Finland EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00
811 2:00 EU EE%sT
812
813# France
814#
815# Shanks seems to use `24:00' ambiguously; we resolve it with Whitman.
816# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
817Rule France 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S
818Rule France 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 -
819Rule France 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S
820Rule France 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S
821Rule France 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
822Rule France 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S
823Rule France 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 -
824Rule France 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S
825Rule France 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 -
826Rule France 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S
827# DSH writes that a law of 1923-05-24 specified 3rd Sat in Apr at 23:00 to 1st
828# Sat in Oct at 24:00; and that in 1930, because of Easter, the transitions
829# were Apr 12 and Oct 5. Go with Shanks.
830Rule France 1922 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
831Rule France 1923 only - May 26 23:00s 1:00 S
832Rule France 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S
833Rule France 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S
834Rule France 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S
835Rule France 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S
836Rule France 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S
837Rule France 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S
838Rule France 1930 only - Apr 12 23:00s 1:00 S
839Rule France 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S
840Rule France 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S
841Rule France 1933 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S
842Rule France 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S
843Rule France 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S
844Rule France 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S
845Rule France 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S
846Rule France 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S
847Rule France 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
848Rule France 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 -
849Rule France 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S
850# The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris,
851# but were used in other places (e.g. Monaco).
852Rule France 1941 only - May 5 0:00 2:00 M # Midsummer
853# Shanks says this transition occurred at Oct 6 1:00,
854# but go with Denis.Excoffier@ens.fr (1997-12-12),
855# who quotes the Ephemerides Astronomiques for 1998 from Bureau des Longitudes
856# as saying 5/10/41 22hUT.
857Rule France 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 S
858Rule France 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 2:00 M
859Rule France 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 1:00 S
860Rule France 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 2:00 M
861Rule France 1943 only - Oct 4 3:00 1:00 S
862Rule France 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00 2:00 M
863Rule France 1944 only - Oct 8 1:00 1:00 S
864Rule France 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 2:00 M
865Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 -
866# Shanks gives Mar 28 2:00 and Sep 26 3:00;
867# go with Excoffier's 28/3/76 0hUT and 25/9/76 23hUT.
868Rule France 1976 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 S
869Rule France 1976 only - Sep 26 1:00 0 -
870# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time, and Whitman gives 0:09:05,
871# but Howse quotes the actual French legislation as saying 0:09:21.
872# Go with Howse. Howse writes that the time in France was officially based
873# on PMT-0:09:21 until 1978-08-09, when the time base finally switched to UTC.
874# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
875Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01
876 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
877# Shanks gives 1940 Jun 14 0:00; go with Excoffier's 14/6/40 22hUT.
878 0:00 France WE%sT 1940 Jun 14 23:00
879 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 25
880 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
881 1:00 France CE%sT 1977
882 1:00 EU CE%sT
883
884# Germany
885
886# From Markus Kuhn <Markus.Kuhn@cl.cam.ac.uk> (1998-09-29):
887# The German time zone web site by the Physikalisch-Technische
888# Bundesanstalt contains DST information back to 1916.
889#
890# <a href="http://www.ptb.de/english/org/4/43/432/lega.htm">
891# Realisation of Legal Time in Germany
892# </a>
893
894# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
895Rule Germany 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
896# Shanks says 05-24 2:00 to 09-24 3:00 for DDST; go with the PTB, who quotes
897# the Archiv fuer publizist. Arbeit (Munzinger-Archiv) 652 (Zeitsystem)
898# (1961-11-25), which gives dates only. Guess 3:00 transition times.
899Rule Germany 1945 only - May 31 3:00 2:00 M # Midsummer
900Rule Germany 1945 only - Sep 23 3:00 1:00 S
901Rule Germany 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 -
902Rule Germany 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S
903Rule Germany 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 -
904Rule Germany 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
905Rule Germany 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S
906# The PTB gives 3:00 CET and 3:00 CEST for the midsummer transition times;
907# go with Shanks.
908Rule Germany 1947 only - May 11 2:00s 2:00 M
909Rule Germany 1947 only - Jun 29 3:00 1:00 S
910Rule Germany 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
911Rule Germany 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S
912# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
913Zone Europe/Berlin 0:53:28 - LMT 1893 Apr
914 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
915 1:00 Germany CE%sT 1980
916 1:00 EU CE%sT
917
918# Gibraltar
919# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
920Zone Europe/Gibraltar -0:21:24 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
921 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1957 Apr 14 2:00
922 1:00 - CET 1982
923 1:00 EU CE%sT
924
925# Greece
926# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
927# Whitman gives 1932 Jul 5 - Nov 1; go with Shanks.
928Rule Greece 1932 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 S
929Rule Greece 1932 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
930# Whitman gives 1941 Apr 25 - ?; go with Shanks.
931Rule Greece 1941 only - Apr 7 0:00 1:00 S
932# Whitman gives 1942 Feb 2 - ?; go with Shanks.
933Rule Greece 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 -
934Rule Greece 1943 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S
935Rule Greece 1943 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
936# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 3 - Oct 31; go with Shanks.
937Rule Greece 1952 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S
938Rule Greece 1952 only - Nov 2 0:00 0 -
939Rule Greece 1975 only - Apr 12 0:00s 1:00 S
940Rule Greece 1975 only - Nov 26 0:00s 0 -
941Rule Greece 1976 only - Apr 11 2:00s 1:00 S
942Rule Greece 1976 only - Oct 10 2:00s 0 -
943Rule Greece 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
944Rule Greece 1977 only - Sep 26 2:00s 0 -
945Rule Greece 1978 only - Sep 24 4:00 0 -
946Rule Greece 1979 only - Apr 1 9:00 1:00 S
947Rule Greece 1979 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 -
948Rule Greece 1980 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
949Rule Greece 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
950# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
951Zone Europe/Athens 1:34:52 - LMT 1895 Sep 14
952 1:34:52 - AMT 1916 Jul 28 0:01 # Athens MT
953 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1941 Apr 30
954 1:00 Greece CE%sT 1944 Apr 4
955 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1981
956 # Shanks says they switched to C-Eur in 1981;
957 # go with EU instead, since Greece joined it on Jan 1.
958 2:00 EU EE%sT
959
960# Hungary
961# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
962Rule Hungary 1918 only - Apr 1 3:00 1:00 S
963Rule Hungary 1918 only - Sep 29 3:00 0 -
964Rule Hungary 1919 only - Apr 15 3:00 1:00 S
965Rule Hungary 1919 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 -
966Rule Hungary 1920 only - Apr 5 3:00 1:00 S
967Rule Hungary 1920 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
968Rule Hungary 1945 only - May 1 23:00 1:00 S
969Rule Hungary 1945 only - Nov 3 0:00 0 -
970Rule Hungary 1946 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S
971Rule Hungary 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
972Rule Hungary 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=4 2:00s 1:00 S
973Rule Hungary 1950 only - Apr 17 2:00s 1:00 S
974Rule Hungary 1950 only - Oct 23 2:00s 0 -
975Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - May 23 0:00 1:00 S
976Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
977Rule Hungary 1956 only - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
978Rule Hungary 1956 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
979Rule Hungary 1957 only - Jun Sun>=1 1:00 1:00 S
980Rule Hungary 1957 only - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 -
981Rule Hungary 1980 only - Apr 6 1:00 1:00 S
982# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
983Zone Europe/Budapest 1:16:20 - LMT 1890 Oct
984 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918
985 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1941 Apr 6 2:00
986 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 1 23:00
987 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1980 Sep 28 2:00s
988 1:00 EU CE%sT
989
990# Iceland
991#
992# From Adam David <adam@veda.is> (1993-11-06):
993# The name of the timezone in Iceland for system / mail / news purposes is GMT.
994#
995# (1993-12-05):
996# This material is paraphrased from the 1988 edition of the University of
997# Iceland Almanak.
998#
999# From January 1st, 1908 the whole of Iceland was standardised at 1 hour
1000# behind GMT. Previously, local mean solar time was used in different parts
1001# of Iceland, the almanak had been based on Reykjavik mean solar time which
1002# was 1 hour and 28 minutes behind GMT.
1003#
1004# "first day of winter" referred to [below] means the first day of the 26 weeks
1005# of winter, according to the old icelandic calendar that dates back to the
1006# time the norsemen first settled Iceland. The first day of winter is always
1007# Saturday, but is not dependent on the Julian or Gregorian calendars.
1008#
1009# (1993-12-10):
1010# I have a reference from the Oxford Icelandic-English dictionary for the
1011# beginning of winter, which ties it to the ecclesiastical calendar (and thus
1012# to the julian/gregorian calendar) over the period in question.
1013# the winter begins on the Saturday next before St. Luke's day
1014# (old style), or on St. Luke's day, if a Saturday.
1015# St. Luke's day ought to be traceable from ecclesiastical sources. "old style"
1016# might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it
1017# might mean something else (???).
1018#
1019# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-10-29):
1020# The Iceland Almanak, Shanks and Whitman disagree on many points.
1021# We go with the Almanak, except for one claim from Shanks, namely that
1022# Reykavik was 21W57 from 1837 to 1908, local mean time before that.
1023#
1024# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1025Rule Iceland 1917 1918 - Feb 19 23:00 1:00 S
1026Rule Iceland 1917 only - Oct 21 1:00 0 -
1027Rule Iceland 1918 only - Nov 16 1:00 0 -
1028Rule Iceland 1939 only - Apr 29 23:00 1:00 S
1029Rule Iceland 1939 only - Nov 29 2:00 0 -
1030Rule Iceland 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S
1031Rule Iceland 1940 only - Nov 3 2:00 0 -
1032Rule Iceland 1941 only - Mar 2 1:00s 1:00 S
1033Rule Iceland 1941 only - Nov 2 1:00s 0 -
1034Rule Iceland 1942 only - Mar 8 1:00s 1:00 S
1035Rule Iceland 1942 only - Oct 25 1:00s 0 -
1036# 1943-1946 - first Sunday in March until first Sunday in winter
1037Rule Iceland 1943 1946 - Mar Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S
1038Rule Iceland 1943 1948 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 -
1039# 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter
1040Rule Iceland 1947 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S
1041# 1949 Oct transition delayed by 1 week
1042Rule Iceland 1949 only - Oct 30 1:00s 0 -
1043Rule Iceland 1950 1966 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 -
1044Rule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 -
1045# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1046Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:27:24 - LMT 1837
1047 -1:27:48 - RMT 1908 # Reykjavik Mean Time?
1048 -1:00 Iceland IS%sT 1968 Apr 7 1:00s
1049 0:00 - GMT
1050
1051# Italy
1052#
1053# From Paul Eggert (1996-05-06):
1054# For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks, Whitman, and F. Pollastri
1055# <a href="http://pisolo.cstv.to.cnr.it/toi/uk/ienitlt.html">
1056# Day-light Saving Time in Italy (1996-03-14)
1057# </a>
1058# (`FP' below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute
1059# publication. When the three sources disagree, guess who's right, as follows:
1060#
1061# year FP Shanks (S) Whitman (W) Go with:
1062# 1916 06-03 06-03 24:00 06-03 00:00 FP & W
1063# 09-30 09-30 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s
1064# 1917 04-01 03-31 24:00 03-31 00:00 FP & S
1065# 09-30 09-29 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP & W
1066# 1918 03-09 03-09 24:00 03-09 00:00 FP & S
1067# 10-06 10-05 24:00 10-06 01:00 FP & W
1068# 1919 03-01 03-01 24:00 03-01 00:00 FP & S
1069# 10-04 10-04 24:00 10-04 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s
1070# 1920 03-20 03-20 24:00 03-20 00:00 FP & S
1071# 09-18 09-18 24:00 10-01 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s
1072# 1944 04-02 04-03 02:00 S (see C-Eur)
1073# 09-16 10-02 03:00 FP; guess 24:00s
1074# 1945 09-14 09-16 24:00 FP; guess 24:00s
1075# 1970 05-21 05-31 00:00 S
1076# 09-20 09-27 00:00 S
1077#
1078# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1079Rule Italy 1916 only - Jun 3 0:00s 1:00 S
1080Rule Italy 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
1081Rule Italy 1917 only - Apr 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1082Rule Italy 1917 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 -
1083Rule Italy 1918 only - Mar 10 0:00s 1:00 S
1084Rule Italy 1918 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 -
1085Rule Italy 1919 only - Mar 2 0:00s 1:00 S
1086Rule Italy 1920 only - Mar 21 0:00s 1:00 S
1087Rule Italy 1920 only - Sep 19 0:00s 0 -
1088Rule Italy 1940 only - Jun 15 0:00s 1:00 S
1089Rule Italy 1944 only - Sep 17 0:00s 0 -
1090Rule Italy 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 S
1091Rule Italy 1945 only - Sep 15 0:00s 0 -
1092Rule Italy 1946 only - Mar 17 2:00s 1:00 S
1093Rule Italy 1946 only - Oct 6 2:00s 0 -
1094Rule Italy 1947 only - Mar 16 0:00s 1:00 S
1095Rule Italy 1947 only - Oct 5 0:00s 0 -
1096Rule Italy 1948 only - Feb 29 2:00s 1:00 S
1097Rule Italy 1948 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 -
1098Rule Italy 1966 1968 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S
1099Rule Italy 1966 1969 - Sep Sun>=22 0:00 0 -
1100Rule Italy 1969 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
1101Rule Italy 1970 only - May 31 0:00 1:00 S
1102Rule Italy 1970 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1103Rule Italy 1971 1972 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S
1104Rule Italy 1971 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
1105Rule Italy 1972 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1106Rule Italy 1973 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 S
1107Rule Italy 1973 1974 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1108Rule Italy 1974 only - May 26 0:00 1:00 S
1109Rule Italy 1975 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1110Rule Italy 1975 1977 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
1111Rule Italy 1976 only - May 30 0:00s 1:00 S
1112Rule Italy 1977 1979 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S
1113Rule Italy 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
1114Rule Italy 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 -
1115# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1116Zone Europe/Rome 0:49:56 - LMT 1866 Sep 22
1117 0:49:56 - RMT 1893 Nov # Rome Mean Time
1118 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
1119 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul
1120 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1980
1121 1:00 EU CE%sT
1122
1123Link Europe/Rome Europe/Vatican
1124Link Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino
1125
1126# Latvia
1127
1128# From Liene Kanepe <Liene_Kanepe@lm.gov.lv> (1998-09-17):
1129
1130# I asked about this matter Scientific Secretary of the Institute of Astronomy
1131# of The University of Latvia Dr. paed Mr. Ilgonis Vilks. I also searched the
1132# correct data in juridical acts and I found some juridical documents about
1133# changes in the counting of time in Latvia from 1981....
1134#
1135# Act No.35 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1981-01-22 ...
1136# according to the Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1980-10-24
1137# ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning
1138# the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on 1 April at 00:00 (GMT 31 March 21:00)
1139# and 1 hour backward on the 1 October at 00:00 (GMT 30 September 20:00).
1140#
1141# Act No.592 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1984-09-24 ...
1142# according to the Act No.967 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1984-09-13
1143# ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning
1144# the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on the last Sunday of March at 02:00
1145# (GMT 23:00 on the previous day) and 1 hour backward on the last Sunday of
1146# September at 03:00 (GMT 23:00 on the previous day).
1147#
1148# Act No.81 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1989-03-22 ...
1149# according to the Act No.227 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1989-03-14
1150# ...: since the last Sunday of March 1989 in Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR,
1151# Estonian SSR and Kaliningrad region of Russian Federation all year round the
1152# time of 2nd time zone (Moscow time minus one hour). On the territory of Latvia
1153# transition to summer time is performed on the last Sunday of March at 02:00
1154# (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour forward. The end of
1155# daylight saving time is performed on the last Sunday of September at 03:00
1156# (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour backward. Exception is
1157# 1989-03-26, when we must not turn the hands of the clock....
1158#
1159# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Latvia of
1160# 1997-01-21 on transition to Summer time ... established the same order of
1161# daylight savings time settings as in the States of the European Union.
1162
1163# From Andrei Ivanov (2000-03-06):
1164# This year Latvia will not switch to Daylight Savings Time (as specified in
1165# <a href="http://www.lv-laiks.lv/wwwraksti/2000/071072/vd4.htm">
1166# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Rep. of Latvia of
1167# 29-Feb-2000 (#79)</a>, in Latvian for subscribers only).
1168
1169# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1170Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
1171Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
1172# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1173Zone Europe/Riga 1:36:24 - LMT 1880
1174 1:36:24 - RMT 1918 Apr 15 2:00 #Riga Mean Time
1175 1:36:24 1:00 LST 1918 Sep 16 3:00 #Latvian Summer
1176 1:36:24 - RMT 1919 Apr 1 2:00
1177 1:36:24 1:00 LST 1919 May 22 3:00
1178 1:36:24 - RMT 1926 May 11
1179 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 5
1180 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jul
1181 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 13
1182 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar lastSun 2:00s
1183 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep lastSun 2:00s
1184 2:00 Latvia EE%sT 1997 Jan 21
1185 2:00 EU EE%sT 2000 Feb 29
1186 2:00 - EET
1187
1188# Liechtenstein
1189# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1190Zone Europe/Vaduz 0:38:04 - LMT 1894 Jun
1191 1:00 - CET 1981
1192 1:00 EU CE%sT
1193
1194# Lithuania
1195
1196# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
1197# IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is
1198# known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it's wrong here too.
1199
1200# From Marius Gedminas <mgedmin@pub.osf.lt> (1998-08-07):
1201# I would like to inform that in this year Lithuanian time zone
1202# (Europe/Vilnius) was changed.
1203
1204# From <a href="http://www.elta.lt/">ELTA</a> No. 972 (2582) (1999-09-29),
1205# via Steffen Thorsen:
1206# Lithuania has shifted back to the second time zone (GMT plus two hours)
1207# to be valid here starting from October 31,
1208# as decided by the national government on Wednesday....
1209# The Lithuanian government also announced plans to consider a
1210# motion to give up shifting to summer time in spring, as it was
1211# already done by Estonia.
1212
1213# From the <a href="http://www.tourism.lt/informa/ff.htm">
1214# Fact File, Lithuanian State Department of Tourism
1215# </a> (2000-03-27): Local time is GMT+2 hours ..., no daylight saving.
1216
1217# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1218Zone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880
1219 1:24:00 - WMT 1917 # Warsaw Mean Time
1220 1:35:36 - KMT 1919 Oct 10 # Kaunas Mean Time
1221 1:00 - CET 1920 Jul 12
1222 2:00 - EET 1920 Oct 9
1223 1:00 - CET 1940 Aug 3
1224 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 24
1225 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug
1226 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1227 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1228 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998
1229 2:00 - EET 1998 Mar 29 1:00u
1230 1:00 EU CE%sT 1999 Oct 31 1:00u
1231 2:00 - EET
1232
1233# Luxembourg
1234# Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways; go with Shanks.
1235# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1236Rule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S
1237Rule Lux 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
1238Rule Lux 1917 only - Apr 28 23:00 1:00 S
1239Rule Lux 1917 only - Sep 17 1:00 0 -
1240Rule Lux 1918 only - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S
1241Rule Lux 1918 only - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 -
1242Rule Lux 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00 1:00 S
1243Rule Lux 1919 only - Oct 5 3:00 0 -
1244Rule Lux 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S
1245Rule Lux 1920 only - Oct 24 2:00 0 -
1246Rule Lux 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00 1:00 S
1247Rule Lux 1921 only - Oct 26 2:00 0 -
1248Rule Lux 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00 1:00 S
1249Rule Lux 1922 only - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 -
1250Rule Lux 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00 1:00 S
1251Rule Lux 1923 only - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 -
1252Rule Lux 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00 1:00 S
1253Rule Lux 1924 1928 - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 -
1254Rule Lux 1925 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S
1255Rule Lux 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 S
1256Rule Lux 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 S
1257Rule Lux 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00 1:00 S
1258Rule Lux 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 S
1259# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1260Zone Europe/Luxembourg 0:24:36 - LMT 1904 Jun
1261 1:00 Lux CE%sT 1918 Nov 25
1262 0:00 Lux WE%sT 1929 Oct 6 2:00s
1263 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 14 3:00
1264 1:00 C-Eur WE%sT 1944 Sep 18 3:00
1265 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977
1266 1:00 EU CE%sT
1267
1268# Macedonia
1269# see Yugoslavia
1270
1271# Malta
1272# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1273Rule Malta 1973 only - Mar 31 0:00s 1:00 S
1274Rule Malta 1973 only - Sep 29 0:00s 0 -
1275Rule Malta 1974 only - Apr 21 0:00s 1:00 S
1276Rule Malta 1974 only - Sep 16 0:00s 0 -
1277Rule Malta 1975 1979 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S
1278Rule Malta 1975 1980 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
1279Rule Malta 1980 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
1280# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1281Zone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 2 # Valletta
1282 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
1283 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s
1284 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1973 Mar 31
1285 1:00 Malta CE%sT 1981
1286 1:00 EU CE%sT
1287
1288# Moldova
1289# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1290Zone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1880
1291 1:55 - CMT 1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT
1292 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
1293 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1940 Aug 15
1294 2:00 1:00 EEST 1941 Jul 17
1295 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 24
1296 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
1297 3:00 - MSK 1990 May 6
1298 2:00 - EET 1991
1299 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992
1300 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997
1301# See Romania commentary for the guessed 1997 transition to EU rules.
1302 2:00 EU EE%sT
1303Zone Europe/Tiraspol 1:58:32 - LMT 1880
1304 1:55 - CMT 1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT
1305 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
1306 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1940 Aug 15
1307 2:00 1:00 EEST 1941 Jul 17
1308 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 24
1309 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00
1310 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00
1311 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD
1312
1313# Monaco
1314# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's more precise 0:09:21.
1315# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1316Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15
1317 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
1318 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
1319 1:00 France CE%sT 1977
1320 1:00 EU CE%sT
1321
1322# Netherlands
1323# Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940,
1324# but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time.
1325# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1326# Shanks gives 1916 Apr 30 24:00 and 1916 Oct 1 00:00; go with Whitman.
1327Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time
1328Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time
1329Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST
1330Rule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT
1331# Whitman gives 1918 Apr 14, 1918 Oct 31, and 1921 Sep 28; go with Shanks.
1332Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
1333Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep Mon>=24 2:00s 0 AMT
1334Rule Neth 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 NST
1335# Whitman gives 1939 Oct 1; go with Shanks.
1336Rule Neth 1922 1936 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 AMT
1337Rule Neth 1923 only - Jun 1 2:00s 1:00 NST
1338Rule Neth 1924 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 NST
1339# Whitman gives 1925 Apr 5; go with Shanks.
1340Rule Neth 1925 only - Jun 5 2:00s 1:00 NST
1341# For 1926 through 1930 Whitman gives Apr 15; go with Shanks.
1342Rule Neth 1926 1931 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST
1343Rule Neth 1932 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST
1344Rule Neth 1933 1936 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST
1345Rule Neth 1937 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST
1346Rule Neth 1937 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S
1347Rule Neth 1937 1939 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 -
1348# Whitman gives 1939 Apr 15 and 1940 Apr 19; go with Shanks.
1349Rule Neth 1938 1939 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 S
1350Rule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
1351Rule Neth 1945 only - May 20 2:00s 0 -
1352# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1353Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:28 - LMT 1892 May
1354 0:19:28 Neth %s 1937 Jul
1355 0:20 Neth NE%sT 1940 May 16 0:40
1356 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
1357 1:00 Neth CE%sT 1977
1358 1:00 EU CE%sT
1359
1360# Norway
1361# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1362# Whitman gives 1916 May 21 - 1916 Oct 21; go with Shanks.
1363Rule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 S
1364Rule Norway 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
1365# Whitman says DST observed 1935-08-11/1942-11-01, then 1943-03-29/10-04,
1366# 1944-04-03/10-02, and 1945-04-01/10-01; go with Shanks.
1367Rule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
1368Rule Norway 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 -
1369Rule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 S
1370Rule Norway 1959 1965 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
1371Rule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 S
1372# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1373Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895
1374 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1940 Aug 10 23:00
1375 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
1376 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1980
1377 1:00 EU CE%sT
1378
1379# Svalbard & Jan Mayen
1380Link Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen
1381# From Whitman:
1382# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1383Zone Atlantic/Jan_Mayen -1:00 - EGT
1384
1385# Poland
1386# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1387Rule Poland 1918 1919 - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
1388Rule Poland 1919 only - Apr 15 2:00s 1:00 S
1389# Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks.
1390Rule Poland 1944 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
1391# For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks.
1392Rule Poland 1945 only - Apr 29 0:00 1:00 S
1393Rule Poland 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
1394Rule Poland 1946 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 S
1395Rule Poland 1946 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 -
1396Rule Poland 1947 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 S
1397Rule Poland 1947 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
1398Rule Poland 1948 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 S
1399# Whitman also gives 1949 Apr 9 - 1949 Oct 1; go with Shanks.
1400Rule Poland 1957 only - Jun 2 1:00s 1:00 S
1401Rule Poland 1957 1958 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
1402Rule Poland 1958 only - Mar 30 1:00s 1:00 S
1403Rule Poland 1959 only - May 31 1:00s 1:00 S
1404Rule Poland 1959 1961 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00s 0 -
1405Rule Poland 1960 only - Apr 3 1:00s 1:00 S
1406Rule Poland 1961 1964 - May Sun>=25 1:00s 1:00 S
1407Rule Poland 1962 1964 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
1408# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1409Zone Europe/Warsaw 1:24:00 - LMT 1880
1410 1:24:00 - WMT 1915 Aug 5 # Warsaw Mean Time
1411 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Sep 16 3:00
1412 2:00 Poland EE%sT 1922 Jun
1413 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1940 Jun 23 2:00
1414 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct
1415 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1977 Apr 3 1:00
1416 1:00 W-Eur CE%sT 1999
1417# IATA SSIM (1991/1996) gives EU rules, but the _The Warsaw Voice_
1418# <a href="http://www.warsawvoice.com.pl/v361/NewsInBrief.shtml">
1419# http://www.warsawvoice.com/pl/v361/NewsInBrief.shtml (1995-09-24)
1420# </a>
1421# says the autumn 1995 switch was at 02:00.
1422# Stick with W-Eur for now.
1423#
1424# From Marcin.Kasperski@softax.com.pl (1999-06-10):
1425# According to my colleagues someone recently decided, that Poland would
1426# follow European Union regulations, so - I think - the matter is not
1427# worth further discussion.
1428#
1429# From Paul Eggert (1999-06-10):
1430# Kasperski also writes that the government futzed with the rules in 1997
1431# or 1998 but he doesn't remember the details. Assume they switched to
1432# EU rules in 1999.
1433 1:00 EU CE%sT
1434
1435# Portugal
1436#
1437# From Rui Pedro Salgueiro <rps@inescca.inescc.pt> (1992-11-12):
1438# Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone
1439# (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC.
1440#
1441# Martin Bruckmann <martin@ua.pt> (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve
1442# that Portugal is reverting to 0:00 by not moving its clocks this spring.
1443# The new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter.
1444#
1445# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-12):
1446# IATA SSIM (1991-09) reports several 1991-09 and 1992-09 transitions
1447# at 02:00u, not 01:00u. Assume that these are typos.
1448# IATA SSIM (1991/1992) reports that the Azores were at -1:00.
1449# IATA SSIM (1993-02) says +0:00; later issues (through 1996-09) say -1:00.
1450# Guess that the Azores changed to EU rules in 1992 (since that's when Portugal
1451# harmonized with the EU), and that they stayed +0:00 that winter.
1452#
1453# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1454# DSH writes that despite Decree 1,469 (1915), the change to the clocks was not
1455# done every year, depending on what Spain did, because of railroad schedules.
1456# Go with Shanks.
1457Rule Port 1916 only - Jun 17 23:00 1:00 S
1458# Whitman gives 1916 Oct 31; go with Shanks.
1459Rule Port 1916 only - Nov 1 1:00 0 -
1460Rule Port 1917 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S
1461Rule Port 1917 1921 - Oct 14 23:00s 0 -
1462Rule Port 1918 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
1463Rule Port 1919 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S
1464Rule Port 1920 only - Feb 29 23:00s 1:00 S
1465Rule Port 1921 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S
1466Rule Port 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S
1467Rule Port 1924 only - Oct 14 23:00s 0 -
1468Rule Port 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S
1469Rule Port 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
1470Rule Port 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S
1471Rule Port 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S
1472Rule Port 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S
1473Rule Port 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S
1474# Whitman gives 1931 Oct 8; go with Shanks.
1475Rule Port 1931 1932 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
1476Rule Port 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S
1477# Shanks gives 1934 Apr 4; go with Whitman.
1478Rule Port 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S
1479# Whitman gives 1934 Oct 5; go with Shanks.
1480Rule Port 1934 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
1481# Shanks gives 1935 Apr 30; go with Whitman.
1482Rule Port 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S
1483Rule Port 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S
1484# Whitman gives 1937 Apr 2; go with Shanks.
1485Rule Port 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S
1486Rule Port 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S
1487Rule Port 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
1488# Whitman gives 1939 Oct 7; go with Shanks.
1489Rule Port 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 -
1490Rule Port 1940 only - Feb 24 23:00s 1:00 S
1491# Shanks gives 1940 Oct 7; go with Whitman.
1492Rule Port 1940 1941 - Oct 5 23:00s 0 -
1493Rule Port 1941 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S
1494Rule Port 1942 1945 - Mar Sat>=8 23:00s 1:00 S
1495Rule Port 1942 only - Apr 25 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer
1496Rule Port 1942 only - Aug 15 22:00s 1:00 S
1497Rule Port 1942 1945 - Oct Sat>=24 23:00s 0 -
1498Rule Port 1943 only - Apr 17 22:00s 2:00 M
1499Rule Port 1943 1945 - Aug Sat>=25 22:00s 1:00 S
1500Rule Port 1944 1945 - Apr Sat>=21 22:00s 2:00 M
1501Rule Port 1946 only - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 S
1502Rule Port 1946 only - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
1503Rule Port 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
1504Rule Port 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
1505# Shanks says DST was observed in 1950; go with Whitman.
1506# Whitman gives Oct lastSun for 1952 on; go with Shanks.
1507Rule Port 1951 1965 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
1508Rule Port 1951 1965 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
1509Rule Port 1977 only - Mar 27 0:00s 1:00 S
1510Rule Port 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00s 0 -
1511Rule Port 1978 1979 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 S
1512Rule Port 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
1513Rule Port 1979 1982 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
1514Rule Port 1980 only - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S
1515Rule Port 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
1516Rule Port 1983 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
1517# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1518Zone Europe/Lisbon -0:36:32 - LMT 1884
1519 -0:36:32 - LMT 1911 May 24 # Lisbon Mean Time
1520 0:00 Port WE%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00
1521 1:00 - CET 1976 Sep 26 1:00
1522 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
1523 0:00 W-Eur WE%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s
1524 1:00 EU CE%sT 1996 Mar 31 1:00u
1525 0:00 EU WE%sT
1526Zone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada
1527 -1:55 - HMT 1911 May 24 # Horta Mean Time
1528 -2:00 Port AZO%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Azores Time
1529 -1:00 Port AZO%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
1530 -1:00 W-Eur AZO%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s
1531 0:00 EU WE%sT 1993 Mar 28 1:00u
1532 -1:00 EU AZO%sT
1533Zone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal
1534 -1:08 - FMT 1911 May 24 # Funchal Mean Time
1535 -1:00 Port MAD%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Madeira Time
1536 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
1537 0:00 EU WE%sT
1538
1539# Romania
1540#
1541# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-07):
1542# <a href="http://www.nineoclock.ro/POL/1778pol.html">
1543# Nine O'clock</a> (1998-10-23) reports that the switch occurred at
1544# 04:00 local time in fall 1998. For lack of better info,
1545# assume that Romania and Moldova switched to EU rules in 1997,
1546# the same year as Bulgaria.
1547#
1548# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1549Rule Romania 1932 only - May 21 0:00s 1:00 S
1550Rule Romania 1932 1939 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 -
1551Rule Romania 1933 1939 - Apr Sun>=2 0:00s 1:00 S
1552Rule Romania 1979 only - May 27 0:00 1:00 S
1553Rule Romania 1979 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1554Rule Romania 1980 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S
1555Rule Romania 1980 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
1556Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S
1557Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
1558# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1559Zone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct
1560 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
1561 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00s
1562 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991
1563 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1994
1564 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997
1565 2:00 EU EE%sT
1566
1567# Russia
1568
1569# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-11-12):
1570# Except for Moscow after 1919-07-01, I invented the time zone abbreviations.
1571# Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991,
1572# are from Andrey A. Chernov. The rest is from Shanks, except we follow
1573# Chernov's report that 1992 DST transitions were Sat 23:00, not Sun 02:00s.
1574#
1575# From Andrey A. Chernov <ache@nagual.ru> (1996-10-04):
1576# `MSK' and `MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with
1577# Unix-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group)....
1578# The next step was the UUCP network, the Relcom predecessor
1579# (used mainly for mail), and MSK/MSD was actively used there.
1580#
1581# From Chris Carrier <72157.3334@CompuServe.COM> (1996-10-30):
1582# According to a friend of mine who rode the Trans-Siberian Railroad from
1583# Moscow to Irkutsk in 1995, public air and rail transport in Russia ...
1584# still follows Moscow time, no matter where in Russia it is located.
1585#
1586# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1587Zone Europe/Kaliningrad 1:22:00 - LMT 1893 Apr
1588 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945
1589 2:00 Poland CE%sT 1946
1590 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1591 2:00 Russia EE%sT
1592Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:20 - LMT 1880
1593 2:30 - MMT 1916 Jul 3 # Moscow Mean Time
1594 2:30:48 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 2:00
1595 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1922 Oct
1596 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
1597 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1598 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1599 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD
1600Zone Europe/Samara 3:20:36 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 2:00
1601 3:00 - KUYT 1930 Jun 21 # Kuybyshev
1602 4:00 Russia KUY%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
1603 3:00 Russia KUY%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1604 2:00 Russia KUY%sT 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1605 3:00 - KUYT 1991 Oct 20 3:00
1606 4:00 Russia SAM%sT # Samara Time
1607Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:24 - LMT 1919 Jul 15 4:00
1608 4:00 - SVET 1930 Jun 21 # Sverdlovsk Time
1609 5:00 Russia SVE%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1610 4:00 Russia SVE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1611 5:00 Russia YEK%sT # Yekaterinburg Time
1612Zone Asia/Omsk 4:53:36 - LMT 1919 Nov 14
1613 5:00 - OMST 1930 Jun 21 # Omsk TIme
1614 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1615 5:00 Russia OMS%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1616 6:00 Russia OMS%sT
1617# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski <S.A.Kuz@iae.nsk.su> (1994-06-29):
1618# But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow!
1619# I do not know why they have decided to make this change;
1620# as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching
1621# so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch.
1622Zone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 14 6:00
1623 6:00 - NOVT 1930 Jun 21 # Novosibirsk Time
1624 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1625 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1626 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1993 May 23 # says Shanks
1627 6:00 Russia NOV%sT
1628Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk 6:11:20 - LMT 1920 Jan 6
1629 6:00 - KRAT 1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time
1630 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1631 6:00 Russia KRA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1632 7:00 Russia KRA%sT
1633Zone Asia/Irkutsk 6:57:20 - LMT 1880
1634 6:57:20 - IMT 1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time
1635 7:00 - IRKT 1930 Jun 21 # Irkutsk Time
1636 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1637 7:00 Russia IRK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1638 8:00 Russia IRK%sT
1639Zone Asia/Yakutsk 8:38:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 15
1640 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
1641 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1642 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1643 9:00 Russia YAK%sT
1644Zone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:44 - LMT 1922 Nov 15
1645 9:00 - VLAT 1930 Jun 21 # Vladivostok Time
1646 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1647 9:00 Russia VLA%sST 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1648 10:00 Russia VLA%sT
1649Zone Asia/Magadan 10:03:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
1650 10:00 - MAGT 1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time
1651 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1652 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1653 11:00 Russia MAG%sT
1654# This name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski, but that's too long.
1655Zone Asia/Kamchatka 10:34:36 - LMT 1922 Nov 10
1656 11:00 - PETT 1930 Jun 21 # P-K Time
1657 12:00 Russia PET%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1658 11:00 Russia PET%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1659 12:00 Russia PET%sT
1660Zone Asia/Anadyr 11:49:56 - LMT 1924 May 2
1661 12:00 - ANAT 1930 Jun 21 # Anadyr Time
1662 13:00 Russia ANA%sT 1982 Apr 1 0:00s
1663 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1664 11:00 Russia ANA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1665 12:00 Russia ANA%sT
1666
1667# Slovakia
1668Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava
1669
1670# Slovenia
1671# see Yugoslavia
1672
1673# Spain
1674# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1675# For 1917-1919 Whitman gives Apr Sat>=1 - Oct Sat>=1; go with Shanks.
1676Rule Spain 1917 only - May 5 23:00s 1:00 S
1677Rule Spain 1917 1919 - Oct 6 23:00s 0 -
1678Rule Spain 1918 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
1679Rule Spain 1919 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S
1680# Whitman gives 1921 Feb 28 - Oct 14; go with Shanks.
1681Rule Spain 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S
1682# Whitman gives 1924 Oct 14; go with Shanks.
1683Rule Spain 1924 only - Oct 4 23:00s 0 -
1684Rule Spain 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S
1685# Whitman says no DST in 1929; go with Shanks.
1686Rule Spain 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
1687Rule Spain 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S
1688Rule Spain 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S
1689Rule Spain 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S
1690# Whitman gives 1937 Jun 16, 1938 Apr 16, 1940 Apr 13; go with Shanks.
1691Rule Spain 1937 only - May 22 23:00s 1:00 S
1692Rule Spain 1937 1939 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
1693Rule Spain 1938 only - Mar 22 23:00s 1:00 S
1694Rule Spain 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
1695Rule Spain 1940 only - Mar 16 23:00s 1:00 S
1696# Whitman says no DST 1942-1945; go with Shanks.
1697Rule Spain 1942 only - May 2 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer
1698Rule Spain 1942 only - Sep 1 22:00s 1:00 S
1699Rule Spain 1943 1946 - Apr Sat>=13 22:00s 2:00 M
1700Rule Spain 1943 only - Oct 3 22:00s 1:00 S
1701Rule Spain 1944 only - Oct 10 22:00s 1:00 S
1702Rule Spain 1945 only - Sep 30 1:00 1:00 S
1703Rule Spain 1946 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
1704Rule Spain 1949 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S
1705Rule Spain 1949 only - Sep 30 1:00 0 -
1706Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Apr Sat>=13 23:00 1:00 S
1707Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 -
1708Rule Spain 1976 only - Mar 27 23:00 1:00 S
1709Rule Spain 1976 1977 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
1710Rule Spain 1977 1978 - Apr 2 23:00 1:00 S
1711Rule Spain 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
1712# The following rules are copied from Morocco from 1967 through 1978.
1713Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S
1714Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1715Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S
1716Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
1717Rule SpainAfrica 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1718Rule SpainAfrica 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 -
1719Rule SpainAfrica 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
1720Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
1721Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 -
1722# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1723Zone Europe/Madrid -0:14:44 - LMT 1901
1724 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1946 Sep 30
1725 1:00 Spain CE%sT 1979
1726 1:00 EU CE%sT
1727Zone Africa/Ceuta -0:21:16 - LMT 1901
1728 0:00 - WET 1918 May 6 23:00
1729 0:00 1:00 WEST 1918 Oct 7 23:00
1730 0:00 - WET 1924
1731 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1929
1732 0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT 1984 Mar 16
1733 1:00 - CET 1986
1734 1:00 EU CE%sT
1735Zone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C.
1736 -1:00 - CANT 1946 Sep 30 1:00 # Canaries Time
1737 0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s
1738 0:00 1:00 WEST 1980 Sep 28 0:00s
1739 0:00 EU WE%sT
1740# IATA SSIM (1996-09) says the Canaries switch at 2:00u, not 1:00u.
1741# Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU.
1742
1743# Sweden
1744# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1745Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1878 May 31
1746 1:12:12 - SMT 1900 Jan 1 1:00 # Stockholm MT
1747 1:00 - CET 1916 Apr 14 23:00s
1748 1:00 1:00 CEST 1916 Sep 30 23:00s
1749 1:00 - CET 1980
1750 1:00 EU CE%sT
1751
1752# Switzerland
1753# From Howse:
1754# By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace
1755# and their performance improved enormously. Communities began to keep
1756# mean time in preference to apparent time -- Geneva from 1780 ....
1757# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1758# From Whitman (who writes ``Midnight?''):
1759Rule Swiss 1940 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S
1760Rule Swiss 1940 only - Dec 31 0:00 0 -
1761# From Shanks:
1762Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
1763Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
1764# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1765Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1848 Sep 12
1766 0:29:44 - BMT 1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time
1767 1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981
1768 1:00 EU CE%sT
1769
1770# Turkey
1771# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1772Rule Turkey 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1773Rule Turkey 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1774Rule Turkey 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S
1775Rule Turkey 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 -
1776Rule Turkey 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
1777Rule Turkey 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
1778Rule Turkey 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
1779Rule Turkey 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
1780# Whitman gives 1923 Apr 28 - Sep 16 and no DST in 1924-1925; go with Shanks.
1781Rule Turkey 1924 only - May 13 0:00 1:00 S
1782Rule Turkey 1924 1925 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1783Rule Turkey 1925 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1784Rule Turkey 1940 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 S
1785Rule Turkey 1940 only - Oct 5 0:00 0 -
1786Rule Turkey 1940 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S
1787Rule Turkey 1941 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
1788Rule Turkey 1942 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1789# Whitman omits the next two transition and gives 1945 Oct 1; go with Shanks.
1790Rule Turkey 1942 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
1791Rule Turkey 1945 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 S
1792Rule Turkey 1945 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
1793Rule Turkey 1946 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
1794Rule Turkey 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1795Rule Turkey 1947 1948 - Apr Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
1796Rule Turkey 1947 1950 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 -
1797Rule Turkey 1949 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S
1798Rule Turkey 1950 only - Apr 19 0:00 1:00 S
1799Rule Turkey 1951 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S
1800Rule Turkey 1951 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
1801Rule Turkey 1962 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S
1802Rule Turkey 1962 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
1803Rule Turkey 1964 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
1804Rule Turkey 1964 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1805Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - May Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 S
1806Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 -
1807Rule Turkey 1973 only - Jun 3 1:00 1:00 S
1808Rule Turkey 1973 only - Nov 4 3:00 0 -
1809Rule Turkey 1974 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
1810Rule Turkey 1974 only - Nov 3 5:00 0 -
1811Rule Turkey 1975 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S
1812Rule Turkey 1975 1976 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
1813Rule Turkey 1976 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
1814Rule Turkey 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
1815Rule Turkey 1977 only - Oct 16 0:00 0 -
1816Rule Turkey 1979 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 3:00 1:00 S
1817Rule Turkey 1979 1982 - Oct Mon>=11 0:00 0 -
1818Rule Turkey 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 3:00 1:00 S
1819Rule Turkey 1983 only - Jul 31 0:00 1:00 S
1820Rule Turkey 1983 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
1821Rule Turkey 1985 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 S
1822Rule Turkey 1985 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
1823# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1824Zone Europe/Istanbul 1:55:52 - LMT 1880
1825 1:56:56 - IMT 1910 Oct # Istanbul Mean Time?
1826 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1978 Oct 15
1827 3:00 Turkey TR%sT 1985 Apr 20 # Turkey Time
1828 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1986
1829 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991
1830 2:00 EU EE%sT
1831Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents.
1832
1833# Ukraine
1834# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1835# Most of Ukraine since 1970 has been like Kiev.
1836Zone Europe/Kiev 2:02:04 - LMT 1880
1837 2:02:04 - KMT 1924 May 2 # Kiev Mean Time
1838 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
1839 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 20
1840 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Nov 6
1841 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
1842 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00
1843 2:00 - EET 1992
1844 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995
1845 2:00 EU EE%sT
1846# Ruthenia used CET 1990/1991.
1847Zone Europe/Uzhgorod 1:29:12 - LMT 1890 Oct
1848 1:00 - CET 1940
1849 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct
1850 1:00 1:00 CEST 1944 Oct 26
1851 1:00 - CET 1945 Jun 29
1852 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
1853 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00
1854 1:00 - CET 1991 Mar 31 3:00
1855 2:00 - EET 1992
1856 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995
1857 2:00 EU EE%sT
1858# Zaporozh'ye and eastern Lugansk oblasts observed DST 1990/1991.
1859# Zaporozh'ye has an apostrophe, but Posix file names can't have apostrophes.
1860Zone Europe/Zaporozhye 2:20:40 - LMT 1880
1861 2:20 - CUT 1924 May 2 # Central Ukraine T
1862 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
1863 3:00 - MSK 1941 Aug 25
1864 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Oct 25
1865 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00
1866 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995
1867 2:00 EU EE%sT
1868# Central Crimea used Moscow time 1994/1997.
1869Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880
1870 2:16 - SMT 1924 May 2 # Simferopol Mean T
1871 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
1872 3:00 - MSK 1941 Nov
1873 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Apr 13
1874 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
1875 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00
1876 2:00 - EET 1992
1877# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-11-12):
1878# The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that central Crimea switched
1879# from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections.
1880# Shanks says ``date of change uncertain'', but implies that it happened
1881# sometime between the 1994 DST switches. For now, guess it changed in May.
1882 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1994 May
1883# From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev.
1884 3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 Mar 31 3:00s
1885 3:00 1:00 MSD 1996 Oct 27 3:00s
1886# IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST.
1887# Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks.
1888 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1997
1889 3:00 - MSK 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u
1890 2:00 EU EE%sT
1891
1892# Yugoslavia
1893# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1894Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884
1895 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
1896 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s
1897 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
1898# Metod Kozelj <metod.kozelj@rzs-hm.si> reports that the legal date of
1899# transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time.
1900# Shanks doesn't give as much detail, so go with Kozelj.
1901 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27
1902 1:00 EU CE%sT
1903Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana # Slovenia
1904Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Sarajevo # Bosnia and Herzegovina
1905Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Skopje # Macedonia
1906Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Zagreb # Croatia
1907
1908###############################################################################
1909
1910# One source shows that Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, and Greece observe DST from
1911# the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in September in 1986.
1912# The source shows Romania changing a day later than everybody else.
1913#
1914# According to Bernard Sieloff's source, Poland is in the MET time zone but
1915# uses the WE DST rules. The Western USSR uses EET+1 and ME DST rules.
1916# Bernard Sieloff's source claims Romania switches on the same day, but at
1917# 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST). It also claims that Turkey
1918# switches on the same day, but switches on at 01:00 standard time
1919# and off at 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST)
1920
1921# ...
1922# Date: Wed, 28 Jan 87 16:56:27 -0100
1923# From: seismo!mcvax!cgcha!wtho (Tom Hofmann)
1924# Message-Id: <8701281556.AA22174@cgcha.uucp>
1925# ...
1926#
1927# ...the European time rules are...standardized since 1981, when
1928# most European coun[tr]ies started DST. Before that year, only
1929# a few countries (UK, France, Italy) had DST, each according
1930# to own national rules. In 1981, however, DST started on
1931# 'Apr firstSun', and not on 'Mar lastSun' as in the following
1932# years...
1933# But also since 1981 there are some more national exceptions
1934# than listed in 'europe': Switzerland, for example, joined DST
1935# one year later, Denmark ended DST on 'Oct 1' instead of 'Sep
1936# lastSun' in 1981---I don't know how they handle now.
1937#
1938# Finally, DST ist always from 'Apr 1' to 'Oct 1' in the
1939# Soviet Union (as far as I know).
1940#
1941# Tom Hofmann, Scientific Computer Center, CIBA-GEIGY AG,
1942# 4002 Basle, Switzerland
1943# UUCP: ...!mcvax!cernvax!cgcha!wtho
1944
1945# ...
1946# Date: Wed, 4 Feb 87 22:35:22 +0100
1947# From: seismo!mcvax!cwi.nl!dik (Dik T. Winter)
1948# ...
1949#
1950# The information from Tom Hofmann is (as far as I know) not entirely correct.
1951# After a request from chongo at amdahl I tried to retrieve all information
1952# about DST in Europe. I was able to find all from about 1969.
1953#
1954# ...standardization on DST in Europe started in about 1977 with switches on
1955# first Sunday in April and last Sunday in September...
1956# In 1981 UK joined Europe insofar that
1957# the starting day for both shifted to last Sunday in March. And from 1982
1958# the whole of Europe used DST, with switch dates April 1 and October 1 in
1959# the Sov[i]et Union. In 1985 the SU reverted to standard Europe[a]n switch
1960# dates...
1961#
1962# It should also be remembered that time-zones are not constants; e.g.
1963# Portugal switched in 1976 from MET (or CET) to WET with DST...
1964# Note also that though there were rules for switch dates not
1965# all countries abided to these dates, and many individual deviations
1966# occurred, though not since 1982 I believe. Another note: it is always
1967# assumed that DST is 1 hour ahead of normal time, this need not be the
1968# case; at least in the Netherlands there have been times when DST was 2 hours
1969# in advance of normal time.
1970#
1971# ...
1972# dik t. winter, cwi, amsterdam, nederland
1973# INTERNET : dik@cwi.nl
1974# BITNET/EARN: dik@mcvax
1975
1976# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
1977# ...
1978# Greece: Last Sunday in April to last Sunday in September (iffy on dates).
1979# Since 1978. Change at midnight.
1980# ...
1981# Monaco: has same DST as France.
1982# ...