1# @(#)europe 7.78
2
3# $FreeBSD: head/share/zoneinfo/europe 75267 2001-04-06 16:46:52Z wollman $
4
5# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
6# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
7# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
8
9# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-10-29):
10# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
11# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition),
12# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999).
13#
14# Gwillim Law <Gwil_Law@bridge-point.com> writes that a good source
15# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
16# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
17# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
18# of the IATA's data after 1990.
19#
20# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1991,
21# and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
22#
--- 15 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---
38# std dst
39# LMT Local Mean Time
40# -4:00 AST Atlantic
41# -3:00 WGT WGST Western Greenland*
42# -1:00 EGT EGST Eastern Greenland*
43# 0:00 GMT BST Greenwich, British Summer
44# 0:00 GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer
45# 0:00 WET WEST Western Europe
46# 1:00 CET CEST Central Europe
47# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe
48# 3:00 MSK MSD Moscow
49#
50# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones, especially in Britain,
51# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
52
53# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-12-04),
54# The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy,
--- 145 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---
200# From Joseph S. Myers <jsm28@cam.ac.uk> (1998-01-06):
201#
202# The legal time in the UK outside of summer time is definitely GMT, not UTC;
203# see Lord Tanlaw's speech
204# <a href="http://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/ld199697/ldhansrd/pdvn/lds97/text/70611-20.htm#70611-20_head0">
205# (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976)
206# </a>.
207
208# From Paul Eggert (2000-02-17):
209#
210# For lack of other data, we'll follow Shanks for Eire in 1940-1948.
211#
212# Given Ilieve and Myers's data, the following claims by Shanks are incorrect:
213# * Wales did not switch from GMT to daylight saving time until
214# 1921 Apr 3, when they began to conform with the rest of Great Britain.
215# Actually, Wales was identical after 1880.
216# * Eire had two transitions on 1916 Oct 1.
--- 11 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---
228# S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382 and HO 45/10811/312364 (quoted above) say otherwise.
229#
230# The following claim by Shanks is possible though doubtful;
231# we'll ignore it for now.
232# * Dublin's 1971-10-31 switch was at 02:00, even though London's was 03:00.
233#
234#
235# Whitman says Dublin Mean Time was -0:25:21, which is more precise than Shanks.
236
237# From Paul Eggert (1999-03-28):
238# Clive Feather (<news:859845706.26043.0@office.demon.net>, 1997-03-31)
239# reports that Folkestone (Cheriton) Shuttle Terminal uses Concession Time
240# (CT), equivalent to French civil time.
241# Julian Hill (<news:36118128.5A14@virgin.net>, 1998-09-30) reports that
242# trains between Dollands Moor (the freight facility next door)
243# and Frethun run in CT.
--- 124 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---
368
369# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
370Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Dec 1
371 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27
372 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
373 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996
374 0:00 EU GMT/BST
375Zone Europe/Belfast -0:23:40 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
376 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 # Dublin MT
377 -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s # Irish Summer Time
378 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27
379 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
380 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996
381 0:00 EU GMT/BST
382Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:21 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
383 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 # Dublin MT
384 -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s
385 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1921 Dec 6 # independence
386 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1940 Feb 25 2:00
387 0:00 1:00 IST 1946 Oct 6 2:00
388 0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00
389 0:00 1:00 IST 1947 Nov 2 2:00
390 0:00 - GMT 1948 Apr 18 2:00
391 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1968 Oct 27
--- 330 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---
722#
723# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
724# Greenland joined the EU as part of Denmark, obtained home rule on 1979-05-01,
725# and left the EU on 1985-02-01. It therefore should have been using EU
726# rules at least through 1984. Shanks says Scoresbysund and Godthab
727# used C-Eur rules after 1980, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says they use EU
728# rules since at least 1991. Assume EU rules since 1980.
729
730#
731# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
732Rule Thule 1993 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
733Rule Thule 1993 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
734#
735# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
736Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:29:00 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormiit
737 -2:00 - CGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
738 -2:00 C-Eur CG%sT 1981 Mar 29
739 -1:00 EU EG%sT
740Zone America/Godthab -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Nuuk
741 -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
742 -3:00 EU WG%sT
743Zone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik air base
--- 331 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---
1075 -1:27:48 - RMT 1908 # Reykjavik Mean Time?
1076 -1:00 Iceland IS%sT 1968 Apr 7 1:00s
1077 0:00 - GMT
1078
1079# Italy
1080#
1081# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):
1082# Sicily and Sardinia each had their own time zones from 1866 to 1893,
1083# called ``Palermo Time'' (+0053) and ``Cagliari Time'' (+0038).
1084# During World War II, German-controlled Italy used German time.
1085# But these events all occurred before the 1970 cutoff,
1086# so record only the time in Rome.
1087#
1088# From Paul Eggert (1996-05-06):
1089# For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks, Whitman, and F. Pollastri
1090# <a href="http://toi.iriti.cnr.it/uk/ienitlt.html">
1091# Day-light Saving Time in Italy (1996-03-14)
--- 276 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---
1368# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1369Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15
1370 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
1371 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
1372 1:00 France CE%sT 1977
1373 1:00 EU CE%sT
1374
1375# Netherlands
1376# Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940,
1377# but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time.
1378# The data before 1945 is taken from
1379# <http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/wettijd/wettijd.htm>.
1380# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1381Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time
1382Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time
1383Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST
1384Rule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT
1385Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
1386Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 AMT
1387Rule Neth 1922 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST
1388Rule Neth 1922 1936 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 AMT
1389Rule Neth 1923 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
1390Rule Neth 1924 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST
1391Rule Neth 1925 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
1392Rule Neth 1926 1931 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST
1393Rule Neth 1932 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST
1394Rule Neth 1933 1936 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST
1395Rule Neth 1937 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST
1396Rule Neth 1937 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S
1397Rule Neth 1937 1939 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 -
1398Rule Neth 1938 1939 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 S
1399Rule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
1400Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
1401# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1402Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:28 - LMT 1892 May
1403 0:19:28 Neth %s 1937 Jul
1404 0:20 Neth NE%sT 1940 May 17 0:00
1405 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
1406 1:00 Neth CE%sT 1977
1407 1:00 EU CE%sT
1408
1409# Norway
1410# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1411# Whitman gives 1916 May 21 - 1916 Oct 21; go with Shanks.
1412Rule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 S
1413Rule Norway 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
1414# Whitman says DST observed 1935-08-11/1942-11-01, then 1943-03-29/10-04,
1415# 1944-04-03/10-02, and 1945-04-01/10-01; go with Shanks.
1416Rule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
1417Rule Norway 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 -
1418Rule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 S
1419Rule Norway 1959 1965 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
1420Rule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 S
1421# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1422Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895
1423 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1940 Aug 10 23:00
1424 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
1425 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1980
1426 1:00 EU CE%sT
1427
1428# Svalbard & Jan Mayen
1429Link Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen
1430# From Whitman:
1431# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1432Zone Atlantic/Jan_Mayen -1:00 - EGT
1433
1434# Poland
1435# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1436Rule Poland 1918 1919 - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
1437Rule Poland 1919 only - Apr 15 2:00s 1:00 S
1438# Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks.
1439Rule Poland 1944 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
1440# For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks.
--- 127 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---
1568 -0:36:32 - LMT 1911 May 24 # Lisbon Mean Time
1569 0:00 Port WE%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00
1570 1:00 - CET 1976 Sep 26 1:00
1571 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
1572 0:00 W-Eur WE%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s
1573 1:00 EU CE%sT 1996 Mar 31 1:00u
1574 0:00 EU WE%sT
1575Zone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada
1576 -1:55 - HMT 1911 May 24 # Horta Mean Time
1577 -2:00 Port AZO%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Azores Time
1578 -1:00 Port AZO%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
1579 -1:00 W-Eur AZO%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s
1580 0:00 EU WE%sT 1993 Mar 28 1:00u
1581 -1:00 EU AZO%sT
1582Zone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal
1583 -1:08 - FMT 1911 May 24 # Funchal Mean Time
1584 -1:00 Port MAD%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Madeira Time
1585 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
1586 0:00 EU WE%sT
1587
1588# Romania
1589#
1590# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-07):
1591# <a href="http://www.nineoclock.ro/POL/1778pol.html">
--- 24 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---
1616# Russia
1617
1618# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-11-12):
1619# Except for Moscow after 1919-07-01, I invented the time zone abbreviations.
1620# Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991,
1621# are from Andrey A. Chernov. The rest is from Shanks, except we follow
1622# Chernov's report that 1992 DST transitions were Sat 23:00, not Sun 02:00s.
1623#
1624# From Andrey A. Chernov <ache@nagual.ru> (1996-10-04):
1625# `MSK' and `MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with
1626# Unix-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group)....
1627# The next step was the UUCP network, the Relcom predecessor
1628# (used mainly for mail), and MSK/MSD was actively used there.
1629#
1630# From Chris Carrier <72157.3334@CompuServe.COM> (1996-10-30):
1631# According to a friend of mine who rode the Trans-Siberian Railroad from
1632# Moscow to Irkutsk in 1995, public air and rail transport in Russia ...
1633# still follows Moscow time, no matter where in Russia it is located.
1634#
1635# For Grozny, Chechnya, we have the following story from
1636# John Daniszewski, "Scavengers in the Rubble", Los Angeles Times (2001-02-07):
1637# News--often false--is spread by word of mouth. A rumor that it was
1638# time to move the clocks back put this whole city out of sync with
1639# the rest of Russia for two weeks--even soldiers stationed here began
1640# enforcing curfew at the wrong time.
1641#
1642# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1643Zone Europe/Kaliningrad 1:22:00 - LMT 1893 Apr
1644 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945
1645 2:00 Poland CE%sT 1946
1646 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1647 2:00 Russia EE%sT
1648Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:20 - LMT 1880
1649 2:30 - MMT 1916 Jul 3 # Moscow Mean Time
1650 2:30:48 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 2:00
1651 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1922 Oct
1652 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
1653 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1654 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1655 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD
1656Zone Europe/Samara 3:20:36 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 2:00
1657 3:00 - KUYT 1930 Jun 21 # Kuybyshev
1658 4:00 Russia KUY%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
1659 3:00 Russia KUY%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1660 2:00 Russia KUY%sT 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1661 3:00 - KUYT 1991 Oct 20 3:00
1662 4:00 Russia SAM%sT # Samara Time
1663Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:24 - LMT 1919 Jul 15 4:00
1664 4:00 - SVET 1930 Jun 21 # Sverdlovsk Time
1665 5:00 Russia SVE%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1666 4:00 Russia SVE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1667 5:00 Russia YEK%sT # Yekaterinburg Time
1668Zone Asia/Omsk 4:53:36 - LMT 1919 Nov 14
1669 5:00 - OMST 1930 Jun 21 # Omsk TIme
1670 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1671 5:00 Russia OMS%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1672 6:00 Russia OMS%sT
1673# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski <S.A.Kuz@iae.nsk.su> (1994-06-29):
1674# But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow!
1675# I do not know why they have decided to make this change;
1676# as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching
1677# so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch.
1678Zone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 14 6:00
1679 6:00 - NOVT 1930 Jun 21 # Novosibirsk Time
1680 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1681 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1682 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1993 May 23 # says Shanks
1683 6:00 Russia NOV%sT
1684Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk 6:11:20 - LMT 1920 Jan 6
1685 6:00 - KRAT 1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time
1686 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1687 6:00 Russia KRA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1688 7:00 Russia KRA%sT
1689Zone Asia/Irkutsk 6:57:20 - LMT 1880
1690 6:57:20 - IMT 1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time
1691 7:00 - IRKT 1930 Jun 21 # Irkutsk Time
1692 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1693 7:00 Russia IRK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1694 8:00 Russia IRK%sT
1695Zone Asia/Yakutsk 8:38:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 15
1696 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
1697 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1698 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1699 9:00 Russia YAK%sT
1700Zone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:44 - LMT 1922 Nov 15
1701 9:00 - VLAT 1930 Jun 21 # Vladivostok Time
1702 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1703 9:00 Russia VLA%sST 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1704 10:00 Russia VLA%sT
1705Zone Asia/Magadan 10:03:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
1706 10:00 - MAGT 1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time
1707 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1708 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1709 11:00 Russia MAG%sT
1710# This name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski, but that's too long.
1711Zone Asia/Kamchatka 10:34:36 - LMT 1922 Nov 10
1712 11:00 - PETT 1930 Jun 21 # P-K Time
1713 12:00 Russia PET%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1714 11:00 Russia PET%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1715 12:00 Russia PET%sT
1716Zone Asia/Anadyr 11:49:56 - LMT 1924 May 2
1717 12:00 - ANAT 1930 Jun 21 # Anadyr Time
1718 13:00 Russia ANA%sT 1982 Apr 1 0:00s
1719 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1720 11:00 Russia ANA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1721 12:00 Russia ANA%sT
1722
1723# Slovakia
--- 68 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---
1792 -1:00 - CANT 1946 Sep 30 1:00 # Canaries Time
1793 0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s
1794 0:00 1:00 WEST 1980 Sep 28 0:00s
1795 0:00 EU WE%sT
1796# IATA SSIM (1996-09) says the Canaries switch at 2:00u, not 1:00u.
1797# Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU.
1798
1799# Sweden
1800# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1801Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1878 May 31
1802 1:12:12 - SMT 1900 Jan 1 1:00 # Stockholm MT
1803 1:00 - CET 1916 Apr 14 23:00s
1804 1:00 1:00 CEST 1916 Sep 30 23:00s
1805 1:00 - CET 1980
1806 1:00 EU CE%sT
1807
1808# Switzerland
1809# From Howse:
1810# By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace
1811# and their performance improved enormously. Communities began to keep
1812# mean time in preference to apparent time -- Geneva from 1780 ....
--- 226 unchanged lines hidden ---
2
3# $FreeBSD: head/share/zoneinfo/europe 75267 2001-04-06 16:46:52Z wollman $
4
5# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
6# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
7# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
8
9# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-10-29):
10# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
11# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition),
12# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999).
13#
14# Gwillim Law <Gwil_Law@bridge-point.com> writes that a good source
15# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
16# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
17# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
18# of the IATA's data after 1990.
19#
20# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1991,
21# and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
22#
--- 15 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---
38# std dst
39# LMT Local Mean Time
40# -4:00 AST Atlantic
41# -3:00 WGT WGST Western Greenland*
42# -1:00 EGT EGST Eastern Greenland*
43# 0:00 GMT BST Greenwich, British Summer
44# 0:00 GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer
45# 0:00 WET WEST Western Europe
46# 1:00 CET CEST Central Europe
47# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe
48# 3:00 MSK MSD Moscow
49#
50# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones, especially in Britain,
51# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
52
53# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-12-04),
54# The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy,
--- 145 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---
200# From Joseph S. Myers <jsm28@cam.ac.uk> (1998-01-06):
201#
202# The legal time in the UK outside of summer time is definitely GMT, not UTC;
203# see Lord Tanlaw's speech
204# <a href="http://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/ld199697/ldhansrd/pdvn/lds97/text/70611-20.htm#70611-20_head0">
205# (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976)
206# </a>.
207
208# From Paul Eggert (2000-02-17):
209#
210# For lack of other data, we'll follow Shanks for Eire in 1940-1948.
211#
212# Given Ilieve and Myers's data, the following claims by Shanks are incorrect:
213# * Wales did not switch from GMT to daylight saving time until
214# 1921 Apr 3, when they began to conform with the rest of Great Britain.
215# Actually, Wales was identical after 1880.
216# * Eire had two transitions on 1916 Oct 1.
--- 11 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---
228# S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382 and HO 45/10811/312364 (quoted above) say otherwise.
229#
230# The following claim by Shanks is possible though doubtful;
231# we'll ignore it for now.
232# * Dublin's 1971-10-31 switch was at 02:00, even though London's was 03:00.
233#
234#
235# Whitman says Dublin Mean Time was -0:25:21, which is more precise than Shanks.
236
237# From Paul Eggert (1999-03-28):
238# Clive Feather (<news:859845706.26043.0@office.demon.net>, 1997-03-31)
239# reports that Folkestone (Cheriton) Shuttle Terminal uses Concession Time
240# (CT), equivalent to French civil time.
241# Julian Hill (<news:36118128.5A14@virgin.net>, 1998-09-30) reports that
242# trains between Dollands Moor (the freight facility next door)
243# and Frethun run in CT.
--- 124 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---
368
369# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
370Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Dec 1
371 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27
372 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
373 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996
374 0:00 EU GMT/BST
375Zone Europe/Belfast -0:23:40 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
376 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 # Dublin MT
377 -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s # Irish Summer Time
378 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27
379 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
380 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996
381 0:00 EU GMT/BST
382Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:21 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
383 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 # Dublin MT
384 -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s
385 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1921 Dec 6 # independence
386 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1940 Feb 25 2:00
387 0:00 1:00 IST 1946 Oct 6 2:00
388 0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00
389 0:00 1:00 IST 1947 Nov 2 2:00
390 0:00 - GMT 1948 Apr 18 2:00
391 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1968 Oct 27
--- 330 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---
722#
723# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
724# Greenland joined the EU as part of Denmark, obtained home rule on 1979-05-01,
725# and left the EU on 1985-02-01. It therefore should have been using EU
726# rules at least through 1984. Shanks says Scoresbysund and Godthab
727# used C-Eur rules after 1980, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says they use EU
728# rules since at least 1991. Assume EU rules since 1980.
729
730#
731# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
732Rule Thule 1993 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
733Rule Thule 1993 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
734#
735# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
736Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:29:00 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormiit
737 -2:00 - CGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
738 -2:00 C-Eur CG%sT 1981 Mar 29
739 -1:00 EU EG%sT
740Zone America/Godthab -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Nuuk
741 -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
742 -3:00 EU WG%sT
743Zone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik air base
--- 331 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---
1075 -1:27:48 - RMT 1908 # Reykjavik Mean Time?
1076 -1:00 Iceland IS%sT 1968 Apr 7 1:00s
1077 0:00 - GMT
1078
1079# Italy
1080#
1081# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):
1082# Sicily and Sardinia each had their own time zones from 1866 to 1893,
1083# called ``Palermo Time'' (+0053) and ``Cagliari Time'' (+0038).
1084# During World War II, German-controlled Italy used German time.
1085# But these events all occurred before the 1970 cutoff,
1086# so record only the time in Rome.
1087#
1088# From Paul Eggert (1996-05-06):
1089# For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks, Whitman, and F. Pollastri
1090# <a href="http://toi.iriti.cnr.it/uk/ienitlt.html">
1091# Day-light Saving Time in Italy (1996-03-14)
--- 276 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---
1368# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1369Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15
1370 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
1371 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
1372 1:00 France CE%sT 1977
1373 1:00 EU CE%sT
1374
1375# Netherlands
1376# Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940,
1377# but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time.
1378# The data before 1945 is taken from
1379# <http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/wettijd/wettijd.htm>.
1380# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1381Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time
1382Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time
1383Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST
1384Rule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT
1385Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
1386Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 AMT
1387Rule Neth 1922 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST
1388Rule Neth 1922 1936 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 AMT
1389Rule Neth 1923 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
1390Rule Neth 1924 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST
1391Rule Neth 1925 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
1392Rule Neth 1926 1931 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST
1393Rule Neth 1932 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST
1394Rule Neth 1933 1936 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST
1395Rule Neth 1937 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST
1396Rule Neth 1937 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S
1397Rule Neth 1937 1939 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 -
1398Rule Neth 1938 1939 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 S
1399Rule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
1400Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
1401# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1402Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:28 - LMT 1892 May
1403 0:19:28 Neth %s 1937 Jul
1404 0:20 Neth NE%sT 1940 May 17 0:00
1405 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
1406 1:00 Neth CE%sT 1977
1407 1:00 EU CE%sT
1408
1409# Norway
1410# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1411# Whitman gives 1916 May 21 - 1916 Oct 21; go with Shanks.
1412Rule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 S
1413Rule Norway 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
1414# Whitman says DST observed 1935-08-11/1942-11-01, then 1943-03-29/10-04,
1415# 1944-04-03/10-02, and 1945-04-01/10-01; go with Shanks.
1416Rule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
1417Rule Norway 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 -
1418Rule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 S
1419Rule Norway 1959 1965 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
1420Rule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 S
1421# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1422Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895
1423 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1940 Aug 10 23:00
1424 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
1425 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1980
1426 1:00 EU CE%sT
1427
1428# Svalbard & Jan Mayen
1429Link Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen
1430# From Whitman:
1431# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1432Zone Atlantic/Jan_Mayen -1:00 - EGT
1433
1434# Poland
1435# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1436Rule Poland 1918 1919 - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
1437Rule Poland 1919 only - Apr 15 2:00s 1:00 S
1438# Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks.
1439Rule Poland 1944 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
1440# For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks.
--- 127 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---
1568 -0:36:32 - LMT 1911 May 24 # Lisbon Mean Time
1569 0:00 Port WE%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00
1570 1:00 - CET 1976 Sep 26 1:00
1571 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
1572 0:00 W-Eur WE%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s
1573 1:00 EU CE%sT 1996 Mar 31 1:00u
1574 0:00 EU WE%sT
1575Zone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada
1576 -1:55 - HMT 1911 May 24 # Horta Mean Time
1577 -2:00 Port AZO%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Azores Time
1578 -1:00 Port AZO%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
1579 -1:00 W-Eur AZO%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s
1580 0:00 EU WE%sT 1993 Mar 28 1:00u
1581 -1:00 EU AZO%sT
1582Zone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal
1583 -1:08 - FMT 1911 May 24 # Funchal Mean Time
1584 -1:00 Port MAD%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Madeira Time
1585 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
1586 0:00 EU WE%sT
1587
1588# Romania
1589#
1590# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-07):
1591# <a href="http://www.nineoclock.ro/POL/1778pol.html">
--- 24 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---
1616# Russia
1617
1618# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-11-12):
1619# Except for Moscow after 1919-07-01, I invented the time zone abbreviations.
1620# Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991,
1621# are from Andrey A. Chernov. The rest is from Shanks, except we follow
1622# Chernov's report that 1992 DST transitions were Sat 23:00, not Sun 02:00s.
1623#
1624# From Andrey A. Chernov <ache@nagual.ru> (1996-10-04):
1625# `MSK' and `MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with
1626# Unix-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group)....
1627# The next step was the UUCP network, the Relcom predecessor
1628# (used mainly for mail), and MSK/MSD was actively used there.
1629#
1630# From Chris Carrier <72157.3334@CompuServe.COM> (1996-10-30):
1631# According to a friend of mine who rode the Trans-Siberian Railroad from
1632# Moscow to Irkutsk in 1995, public air and rail transport in Russia ...
1633# still follows Moscow time, no matter where in Russia it is located.
1634#
1635# For Grozny, Chechnya, we have the following story from
1636# John Daniszewski, "Scavengers in the Rubble", Los Angeles Times (2001-02-07):
1637# News--often false--is spread by word of mouth. A rumor that it was
1638# time to move the clocks back put this whole city out of sync with
1639# the rest of Russia for two weeks--even soldiers stationed here began
1640# enforcing curfew at the wrong time.
1641#
1642# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1643Zone Europe/Kaliningrad 1:22:00 - LMT 1893 Apr
1644 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945
1645 2:00 Poland CE%sT 1946
1646 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1647 2:00 Russia EE%sT
1648Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:20 - LMT 1880
1649 2:30 - MMT 1916 Jul 3 # Moscow Mean Time
1650 2:30:48 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 2:00
1651 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1922 Oct
1652 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
1653 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1654 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1655 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD
1656Zone Europe/Samara 3:20:36 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 2:00
1657 3:00 - KUYT 1930 Jun 21 # Kuybyshev
1658 4:00 Russia KUY%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
1659 3:00 Russia KUY%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1660 2:00 Russia KUY%sT 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1661 3:00 - KUYT 1991 Oct 20 3:00
1662 4:00 Russia SAM%sT # Samara Time
1663Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:24 - LMT 1919 Jul 15 4:00
1664 4:00 - SVET 1930 Jun 21 # Sverdlovsk Time
1665 5:00 Russia SVE%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1666 4:00 Russia SVE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1667 5:00 Russia YEK%sT # Yekaterinburg Time
1668Zone Asia/Omsk 4:53:36 - LMT 1919 Nov 14
1669 5:00 - OMST 1930 Jun 21 # Omsk TIme
1670 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1671 5:00 Russia OMS%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1672 6:00 Russia OMS%sT
1673# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski <S.A.Kuz@iae.nsk.su> (1994-06-29):
1674# But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow!
1675# I do not know why they have decided to make this change;
1676# as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching
1677# so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch.
1678Zone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 14 6:00
1679 6:00 - NOVT 1930 Jun 21 # Novosibirsk Time
1680 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1681 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1682 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1993 May 23 # says Shanks
1683 6:00 Russia NOV%sT
1684Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk 6:11:20 - LMT 1920 Jan 6
1685 6:00 - KRAT 1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time
1686 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1687 6:00 Russia KRA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1688 7:00 Russia KRA%sT
1689Zone Asia/Irkutsk 6:57:20 - LMT 1880
1690 6:57:20 - IMT 1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time
1691 7:00 - IRKT 1930 Jun 21 # Irkutsk Time
1692 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1693 7:00 Russia IRK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1694 8:00 Russia IRK%sT
1695Zone Asia/Yakutsk 8:38:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 15
1696 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
1697 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1698 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1699 9:00 Russia YAK%sT
1700Zone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:44 - LMT 1922 Nov 15
1701 9:00 - VLAT 1930 Jun 21 # Vladivostok Time
1702 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1703 9:00 Russia VLA%sST 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1704 10:00 Russia VLA%sT
1705Zone Asia/Magadan 10:03:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
1706 10:00 - MAGT 1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time
1707 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1708 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1709 11:00 Russia MAG%sT
1710# This name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski, but that's too long.
1711Zone Asia/Kamchatka 10:34:36 - LMT 1922 Nov 10
1712 11:00 - PETT 1930 Jun 21 # P-K Time
1713 12:00 Russia PET%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1714 11:00 Russia PET%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1715 12:00 Russia PET%sT
1716Zone Asia/Anadyr 11:49:56 - LMT 1924 May 2
1717 12:00 - ANAT 1930 Jun 21 # Anadyr Time
1718 13:00 Russia ANA%sT 1982 Apr 1 0:00s
1719 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1720 11:00 Russia ANA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1721 12:00 Russia ANA%sT
1722
1723# Slovakia
--- 68 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---
1792 -1:00 - CANT 1946 Sep 30 1:00 # Canaries Time
1793 0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s
1794 0:00 1:00 WEST 1980 Sep 28 0:00s
1795 0:00 EU WE%sT
1796# IATA SSIM (1996-09) says the Canaries switch at 2:00u, not 1:00u.
1797# Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU.
1798
1799# Sweden
1800# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1801Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1878 May 31
1802 1:12:12 - SMT 1900 Jan 1 1:00 # Stockholm MT
1803 1:00 - CET 1916 Apr 14 23:00s
1804 1:00 1:00 CEST 1916 Sep 30 23:00s
1805 1:00 - CET 1980
1806 1:00 EU CE%sT
1807
1808# Switzerland
1809# From Howse:
1810# By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace
1811# and their performance improved enormously. Communities began to keep
1812# mean time in preference to apparent time -- Geneva from 1780 ....
--- 226 unchanged lines hidden ---