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australasia (270817) australasia (273719)
1# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
2# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
3
4# This file also includes Pacific islands.
5
6# Notes are at the end of this file
7
8###############################################################################

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96Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
97 9:00 - ACST 1899 May
98 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971
99 9:30 AS AC%sT
100
101# Tasmania
102#
103# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16):
1# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
2# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
3
4# This file also includes Pacific islands.
5
6# Notes are at the end of this file
7
8###############################################################################

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96Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
97 9:00 - ACST 1899 May
98 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971
99 9:30 AS AC%sT
100
101# Tasmania
102#
103# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16):
104# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml>
104# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml
105# says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971.
106#
107# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
108Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
109Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
110Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
111Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 S
112Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S

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121Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
122Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
123Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
124Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
125Rule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
126Rule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
127# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
128Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep
105# says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971.
106#
107# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
108Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
109Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
110Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
111Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 S
112Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S

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121Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
122Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
123Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
124Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
125Rule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
126Rule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
127# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
128Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep
129 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
129 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
130 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb
131 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967
132 10:00 AT AE%sT
133Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep
130 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb
131 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967
132 10:00 AT AE%sT
133Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep
134 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
134 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
135 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb
136 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 Jul
137 10:00 AT AE%sT
138
139# Victoria
140# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
141Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
142Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S

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215# Coral Sea Is
216# no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists
217# no times are set
218#
219# Macquarie
220# Permanent occupation (scientific station) 1911-1915 and since 25 March 1948;
221# sealing and penguin oil station operated Nov 1899 to Apr 1919. See the
222# Tasmania Parks & Wildlife Service history of sealing at Macquarie Island
135 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb
136 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 Jul
137 10:00 AT AE%sT
138
139# Victoria
140# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
141Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
142Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S

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215# Coral Sea Is
216# no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists
217# no times are set
218#
219# Macquarie
220# Permanent occupation (scientific station) 1911-1915 and since 25 March 1948;
221# sealing and penguin oil station operated Nov 1899 to Apr 1919. See the
222# Tasmania Parks & Wildlife Service history of sealing at Macquarie Island
223# <http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1828>
224# <http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1831>.
223# http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1828
224# http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1831
225# Guess that it was like Australia/Hobart while inhabited before 2010.
226#
227# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10):
228# We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division:
229# - Macquarie Island will stay on UTC+11 for winter and therefore not
230# switch back from daylight savings time when other parts of Australia do
231# on 4 April.
232#
233# From Arthur David Olson (2013-05-23):
234# The 1919 transition is overspecified below so pre-2013 zics
235# will produce a binary file with an [A]EST-type as the first 32-bit type;
236# this is required for correct handling of times before 1916 by
237# pre-2013 versions of localtime.
238Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0 - zzz 1899 Nov
225# Guess that it was like Australia/Hobart while inhabited before 2010.
226#
227# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10):
228# We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division:
229# - Macquarie Island will stay on UTC+11 for winter and therefore not
230# switch back from daylight savings time when other parts of Australia do
231# on 4 April.
232#
233# From Arthur David Olson (2013-05-23):
234# The 1919 transition is overspecified below so pre-2013 zics
235# will produce a binary file with an [A]EST-type as the first 32-bit type;
236# this is required for correct handling of times before 1916 by
237# pre-2013 versions of localtime.
238Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0 - zzz 1899 Nov
239 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
239 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
240 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb
240 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb
241 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1919 Apr 1 0:00s
241 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1919 Apr 1 0:00s
242 0 - zzz 1948 Mar 25
243 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967
242 0 - zzz 1948 Mar 25
243 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967
244 10:00 AT AE%sT 2010 Apr 4 3:00
244 10:00 AT AE%sT 2010 Apr 4 3:00
245 11:00 - MIST # Macquarie I Standard Time
246
247# Christmas
248# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
249Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
250 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time
251
252# Cocos (Keeling) Is

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326# Fiji will start daylight savings on Sunday 27th October, 2013 ...
327# move clocks forward by one hour from 2am
328# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-27th-OCTOBER-201.aspx
329
330# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-01-10):
331# Fiji will end DST on 2014-01-19 02:00:
332# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVINGS-TO-END-THIS-MONTH-%281%29.aspx
333
245 11:00 - MIST # Macquarie I Standard Time
246
247# Christmas
248# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
249Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
250 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time
251
252# Cocos (Keeling) Is

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326# Fiji will start daylight savings on Sunday 27th October, 2013 ...
327# move clocks forward by one hour from 2am
328# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-27th-OCTOBER-201.aspx
329
330# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-01-10):
331# Fiji will end DST on 2014-01-19 02:00:
332# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVINGS-TO-END-THIS-MONTH-%281%29.aspx
333
334# From Paul Eggert (2014-01-10):
335# For now, guess that Fiji springs forward the Sunday before the fourth
336# Monday in October, and springs back the penultimate Sunday in January.
337# This is ad hoc, but matches recent practice.
334# From Ken Rylander (2014-10-20):
335# DST will start Nov. 2 this year.
336# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-NOVEMBER-2ND.aspx
338
337
338# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-20):
339# For now, guess DST from 02:00 the first Sunday in November to
340# 03:00 the first Sunday on or after January 18. Although ad hoc, it
341# matches this year's plan and seems more likely to match future
342# practice than guessing no DST.
343
339# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
340Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
341Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 -
342Rule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 S
343Rule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 -
344# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
345Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
346Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 -
347Rule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 S
348Rule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 -
344Rule Fiji 2010 max - Oct Sun>=21 2:00 1:00 S
349Rule Fiji 2010 2013 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00 1:00 S
345Rule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 -
346Rule Fiji 2012 2013 - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 -
350Rule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 -
351Rule Fiji 2012 2013 - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 -
347Rule Fiji 2014 max - Jan Sun>=18 2:00 0 -
352Rule Fiji 2014 only - Jan Sun>=18 2:00 0 -
353Rule Fiji 2014 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
354Rule Fiji 2015 max - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 -
348# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
355# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
349Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:55:44 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva
356Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:55:44 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva
350 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time
351
352# French Polynesia
353# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
357 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time
358
359# French Polynesia
360# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
354Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea
361Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea
355 -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time
356Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct
357 -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time
362 -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time
363Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct
364 -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time
358Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete
365Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete
359 -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time
360# Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia;
361# it is uninhabited.
362
363# Guam
364# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
365Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
366 -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time
367# Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia;
368# it is uninhabited.
369
370# Guam
371# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
372Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
366 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana
367 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam
373 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana
374 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam
368 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time
369
370# Kiribati
371# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
375 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time
376
377# Kiribati
378# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
372Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki
373 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time
379Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki
380 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time
374Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901
375 -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time
376 -11:00 - PHOT 1995
377 13:00 - PHOT
378Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901
379 -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time
380 -10:00 - LINT 1995
381 14:00 - LINT
382
383# N Mariana Is
384# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
385Zone Pacific/Saipan -14:17:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
386 9:43:00 - LMT 1901
381Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901
382 -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time
383 -11:00 - PHOT 1995
384 13:00 - PHOT
385Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901
386 -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time
387 -10:00 - LINT 1995
388 14:00 - LINT
389
390# N Mariana Is
391# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
392Zone Pacific/Saipan -14:17:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
393 9:43:00 - LMT 1901
387 9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time
394 9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time
388 10:00 - MPT 2000 Dec 23
389 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time
390
391# Marshall Is
392# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
393Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901
394 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time
395 12:00 - MHT
396Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901
397 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct
395 10:00 - MPT 2000 Dec 23
396 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time
397
398# Marshall Is
399# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
400Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901
401 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time
402 12:00 - MHT
403Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901
404 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct
398 -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time
405 -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time
399 12:00 - MHT
400
401# Micronesia
402# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
403Zone Pacific/Chuuk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901
406 12:00 - MHT
407
408# Micronesia
409# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
410Zone Pacific/Chuuk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901
404 10:00 - CHUT # Chuuk Time
405Zone Pacific/Pohnpei 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia
406 11:00 - PONT # Pohnpei Time
411 10:00 - CHUT # Chuuk Time
412Zone Pacific/Pohnpei 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia
413 11:00 - PONT # Pohnpei Time
407Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901
414Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901
408 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time
415 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time
409 12:00 - KOST 1999
410 11:00 - KOST
411
412# Nauru
413# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
416 12:00 - KOST 1999
417 11:00 - KOST
418
419# Nauru
420# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
414Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe
415 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time
421Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe
422 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time
416 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15
417 11:30 - NRT 1979 May
418 12:00 - NRT
419
420# New Caledonia
421# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
422Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
423Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 -

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484
485# Cook Is
486# From Shanks & Pottenger:
487# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
488Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS
489Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
490Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS
491# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
423 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15
424 11:30 - NRT 1979 May
425 12:00 - NRT
426
427# New Caledonia
428# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
429Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
430Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 -

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491
492# Cook Is
493# From Shanks & Pottenger:
494# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
495Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS
496Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
497Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS
498# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
492Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua
493 -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time
499Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua
500 -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time
494 -10:00 Cook CK%sT
495
496###############################################################################
497
498
499# Niue
500# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
501 -10:00 Cook CK%sT
502
503###############################################################################
504
505
506# Niue
507# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
501Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi
502 -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time
503 -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1
508Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi
509 -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time
510 -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1
504 -11:00 - NUT
505
506# Norfolk
507# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
511 -11:00 - NUT
512
513# Norfolk
514# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
508Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston
509 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time
510 11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time
515Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston
516 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time
517 11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time
511
512# Palau (Belau)
513# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
518
519# Palau (Belau)
520# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
514Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror
521Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror
515 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time
516
517# Papua New Guinea
518# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
519Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880
522 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time
523
524# Papua New Guinea
525# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
526Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880
520 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time
521 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time
527 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time
528 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time
529#
530# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-13):
531# Base the Bougainville entry on the Arawa-Kieta region, which appears to have
532# the most people even though it was devastated in the Bougainville Civil War.
533#
534# Although Shanks gives 1942-03-15 / 1943-11-01 for JST, these dates
535# are apparently rough guesswork from the starts of military campaigns.
536# The World War II entries below are instead based on Arawa-Kieta.
537# The Japanese occupied Kieta in July 1942,
538# according to the Pacific War Online Encyclopedia
539# http://pwencycl.kgbudge.com/B/o/Bougainville.htm
540# and seem to have controlled it until their 1945-08-21 surrender.
541#
542# The Autonomous Region of Bougainville plans to switch from UTC+10 to UTC+11
543# on 2014-12-28 at 02:00. They call UTC+11 "Bougainville Standard Time";
544# abbreviate this as BST. See:
545# http://www.bougainville24.com/bougainville-issues/bougainville-gets-own-timezone/
546#
547Zone Pacific/Bougainville 10:22:16 - LMT 1880
548 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895
549 10:00 - PGT 1942 Jul
550 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 21
551 10:00 - PGT 2014 Dec 28 2:00
552 11:00 - BST
522
523# Pitcairn
524# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
553
554# Pitcairn
555# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
525Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown
526 -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 00:00
556Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown
557 -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 0:00
527 -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time
528
529# American Samoa
530Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5
531 -11:22:48 - LMT 1911
558 -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time
559
560# American Samoa
561Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5
562 -11:22:48 - LMT 1911
532 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome
533 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering
534 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa
563 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome
564 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering
565 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa
535
536# Samoa (formerly and also known as Western Samoa)
537
538# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16):
539# We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received
540# the following info:
541#
542# "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year

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612 -11:26:56 - LMT 1911
613 -11:30 - WSST 1950
614 -11:00 WS S%sT 2011 Dec 29 24:00 # S=Samoa
615 13:00 WS WS%sT
616
617# Solomon Is
618# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea
619# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
566
567# Samoa (formerly and also known as Western Samoa)
568
569# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16):
570# We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received
571# the following info:
572#
573# "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year

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643 -11:26:56 - LMT 1911
644 -11:30 - WSST 1950
645 -11:00 WS S%sT 2011 Dec 29 24:00 # S=Samoa
646 13:00 WS WS%sT
647
648# Solomon Is
649# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea
650# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
620Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara
651Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara
621 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time
622
623# Tokelau Is
624#
625# From Gwillim Law (2011-12-29)
626# A correspondent informed me that Tokelau, like Samoa, will be skipping
627# December 31 this year ...
628#

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636# A Google Books snippet of Appendix to the Journals of the House of
637# Representatives of New Zealand, Session 1948,
638# <http://books.google.com/books?id=ZaVCAQAAIAAJ>, page 65, says Tokelau
639# was "11 hours slow on G.M.T." Go with Thorsen and assume Shanks & Pottenger
640# are off by an hour starting in 1901.
641
642# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
643Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901
652 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time
653
654# Tokelau Is
655#
656# From Gwillim Law (2011-12-29)
657# A correspondent informed me that Tokelau, like Samoa, will be skipping
658# December 31 this year ...
659#

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667# A Google Books snippet of Appendix to the Journals of the House of
668# Representatives of New Zealand, Session 1948,
669# <http://books.google.com/books?id=ZaVCAQAAIAAJ>, page 65, says Tokelau
670# was "11 hours slow on G.M.T." Go with Thorsen and assume Shanks & Pottenger
671# are off by an hour starting in 1901.
672
673# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
674Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901
644 -11:00 - TKT 2011 Dec 30 # Tokelau Time
675 -11:00 - TKT 2011 Dec 30 # Tokelau Time
645 13:00 - TKT
646
647# Tonga
648# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
649Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S
650Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 -
651Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
652Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 -

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696#
697# From Lyle McElhaney (2014-03-11):
698# [W]hen JI was being used for that [atomic bomb] testing, the time being used
699# was not Hawaiian time but rather the same time being used on the ships,
700# which had a GMT offset of -11 hours. This apparently applied to at least the
701# time from Operation Newsreel (Hardtack I/Teak shot, 1958-08-01) to the last
702# Operation Fishbowl shot (Tightrope, 1962-11-04).... [See] Herman Hoerlin,
703# "The United States High-Altitude Test Experience: A Review Emphasizing the
676 13:00 - TKT
677
678# Tonga
679# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
680Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S
681Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 -
682Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
683Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 -

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727#
728# From Lyle McElhaney (2014-03-11):
729# [W]hen JI was being used for that [atomic bomb] testing, the time being used
730# was not Hawaiian time but rather the same time being used on the ships,
731# which had a GMT offset of -11 hours. This apparently applied to at least the
732# time from Operation Newsreel (Hardtack I/Teak shot, 1958-08-01) to the last
733# Operation Fishbowl shot (Tightrope, 1962-11-04).... [See] Herman Hoerlin,
734# "The United States High-Altitude Test Experience: A Review Emphasizing the
704# Impact on the Environment", Los Alamos LA-6405, Oct 1976
705# <http://www.fas.org/sgp/othergov/doe/lanl/docs1/00322994.pdf>.
735# Impact on the Environment", Los Alamos LA-6405, Oct 1976.
736# http://www.fas.org/sgp/othergov/doe/lanl/docs1/00322994.pdf
706# See the table on page 4 where he lists GMT and local times for the tests; a
707# footnote for the JI tests reads that local time is "JI time = Hawaii Time
708# Minus One Hour".
709#
710# See 'northamerica' for Pacific/Johnston.
711
712# Kingman
713# uninhabited
714
715# Midway
716#
717# From Mark Brader (2005-01-23):
718# [Fallacies and Fantasies of Air Transport History, by R.E.G. Davies,
719# published 1994 by Paladwr Press, McLean, VA, USA; ISBN 0-9626483-5-3]
737# See the table on page 4 where he lists GMT and local times for the tests; a
738# footnote for the JI tests reads that local time is "JI time = Hawaii Time
739# Minus One Hour".
740#
741# See 'northamerica' for Pacific/Johnston.
742
743# Kingman
744# uninhabited
745
746# Midway
747#
748# From Mark Brader (2005-01-23):
749# [Fallacies and Fantasies of Air Transport History, by R.E.G. Davies,
750# published 1994 by Paladwr Press, McLean, VA, USA; ISBN 0-9626483-5-3]
720# reproduced a Pan American Airways timeables from 1936, for their weekly
751# reproduced a Pan American Airways timetable from 1936, for their weekly
721# "Orient Express" flights between San Francisco and Manila, and connecting
722# flights to Chicago and the US East Coast. As it uses some time zone
723# designations that I've never seen before:....
724# Fri. 6:30A Lv. HONOLOLU (Pearl Harbor), H.I. H.L.T. Ar. 5:30P Sun.
725# " 3:00P Ar. MIDWAY ISLAND . . . . . . . . . M.L.T. Lv. 6:00A "
726#
727Zone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901
728 -11:00 - NST 1956 Jun 3
729 -11:00 1:00 NDT 1956 Sep 2
752# "Orient Express" flights between San Francisco and Manila, and connecting
753# flights to Chicago and the US East Coast. As it uses some time zone
754# designations that I've never seen before:....
755# Fri. 6:30A Lv. HONOLOLU (Pearl Harbor), H.I. H.L.T. Ar. 5:30P Sun.
756# " 3:00P Ar. MIDWAY ISLAND . . . . . . . . . M.L.T. Lv. 6:00A "
757#
758Zone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901
759 -11:00 - NST 1956 Jun 3
760 -11:00 1:00 NDT 1956 Sep 2
730 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome
731 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering
732 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa
761 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome
762 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering
763 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa
733
734# Palmyra
735# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati
736
737# Wake
738# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
739Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901
740 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time
741
742
743# Vanuatu
744# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
745Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S
746Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 -
747Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S
748Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S
749Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 -
750Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S
751# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
764
765# Palmyra
766# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati
767
768# Wake
769# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
770Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901
771 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time
772
773
774# Vanuatu
775# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
776Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S
777Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 -
778Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S
779Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S
780Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 -
781Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S
782# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
752Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila
783Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila
753 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time
754
755# Wallis and Futuna
756# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
757Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
758 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time
759
760###############################################################################
761
762# NOTES
763
784 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time
785
786# Wallis and Futuna
787# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
788Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
789 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time
790
791###############################################################################
792
793# NOTES
794
764# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
795# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
765# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
796# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
766# tz@iana.org for general use in the future).
797# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
798# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
767
768# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
769# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
770# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
771# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
772#
773# Gwillim Law writes that a good source
774# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport

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779# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
780# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
781#
782# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
783# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
784# I found in the UCLA library.
785#
786# For data circa 1899, a common source is:
799
800# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
801# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
802# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
803# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
804#
805# Gwillim Law writes that a good source
806# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport

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811# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
812# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
813#
814# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
815# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
816# I found in the UCLA library.
817#
818# For data circa 1899, a common source is:
787# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
788# <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>.
819# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
820# http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
789#
790# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
791# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
792#
793# I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table;
794# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
795# Corrections are welcome!
796# std dst
797# LMT Local Mean Time
798# 8:00 AWST AWDT Western Australia
799# 8:45 ACWST ACWDT Central Western Australia*
800# 9:00 JST Japan
801# 9:30 ACST ACDT Central Australia
802# 10:00 AEST AEDT Eastern Australia
803# 10:00 ChST Chamorro
804# 10:30 LHST LHDT Lord Howe*
821#
822# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
823# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
824#
825# I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table;
826# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
827# Corrections are welcome!
828# std dst
829# LMT Local Mean Time
830# 8:00 AWST AWDT Western Australia
831# 8:45 ACWST ACWDT Central Western Australia*
832# 9:00 JST Japan
833# 9:30 ACST ACDT Central Australia
834# 10:00 AEST AEDT Eastern Australia
835# 10:00 ChST Chamorro
836# 10:30 LHST LHDT Lord Howe*
837# 11:00 BST Bougainville*
805# 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945
806# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present
807# 12:15 CHAST Chatham through 1945*
808# 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham 1946-present*
809# 13:00 WSST WSDT (western) Samoa 2011-present*
810# -11:30 WSST Western Samoa through 1950*
811# -11:00 SST Samoa
812# -10:00 HST Hawaii

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829# Melbourne-based study) replete with the usual chuckleheaded
830# Queenslanders and straw-chewing yokels from the West prattling fables
831# about fading curtains and crazed farm animals."
832# Electronic Journal of Australian and New Zealand History (1997-03-03)
833# http://www.jcu.edu.au/aff/history/reviews/davison.htm
834
835# From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08):
836# Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia
838# 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945
839# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present
840# 12:15 CHAST Chatham through 1945*
841# 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham 1946-present*
842# 13:00 WSST WSDT (western) Samoa 2011-present*
843# -11:30 WSST Western Samoa through 1950*
844# -11:00 SST Samoa
845# -10:00 HST Hawaii

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862# Melbourne-based study) replete with the usual chuckleheaded
863# Queenslanders and straw-chewing yokels from the West prattling fables
864# about fading curtains and crazed farm animals."
865# Electronic Journal of Australian and New Zealand History (1997-03-03)
866# http://www.jcu.edu.au/aff/history/reviews/davison.htm
867
868# From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08):
869# Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia
837# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml>
870# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml
838# summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia.
839
840# From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12):
841# Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales
871# summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia.
872
873# From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12):
874# Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales
842# <http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving>
875# http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving
843# covers New South Wales in particular.
844
845# From John Mackin (1991-03-06):
846# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as 'daylight' time.
847# It is called 'summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, 'summer'
848# and 'standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the
849# abbreviation does _not_ change...
850# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least

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971# From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05):
972#
973# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable,
974# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more
975# relevant entries in this database.
976#
977# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill):
978# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04)
876# covers New South Wales in particular.
877
878# From John Mackin (1991-03-06):
879# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as 'daylight' time.
880# It is called 'summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, 'summer'
881# and 'standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the
882# abbreviation does _not_ change...
883# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least

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1004# From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05):
1005#
1006# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable,
1007# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more
1008# relevant entries in this database.
1009#
1010# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill):
1011# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04)
979# <http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html>
1012# http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html
980# ACT
981# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972
1013# ACT
1014# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972
982# <http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html>
1015# http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html
983# SA
984# Standard Time Act, 1898
1016# SA
1017# Standard Time Act, 1898
985# <http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html>
1018# http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html
986
987# From David Grosz (2005-06-13):
988# It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by
989# one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games.
990# Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday
991# in April instead of the last Sunday in March.
992#
993# From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14):

--- 49 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---

1043# W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse
1044# everybody again.
1045
1046# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
1047# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess;
1048# it matches what was used in the past.
1049
1050# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ
1019
1020# From David Grosz (2005-06-13):
1021# It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by
1022# one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games.
1023# Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday
1024# in April instead of the last Sunday in March.
1025#
1026# From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14):

--- 49 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---

1076# W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse
1077# everybody again.
1078
1079# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
1080# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess;
1081# it matches what was used in the past.
1082
1083# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ
1051# <http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm>
1084# http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm
1052# (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses
1053# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia.
1054
1055# Queensland
1056# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1057# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ]
1058# # [ Dec 1990 ]
1059# ...

--- 27 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---

1087# ...
1088
1089# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
1090# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes.
1091
1092# From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning
1093# from Jesper N��rgaard Welen (2006-11-01):
1094# WA are trialing DST for three years.
1085# (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses
1086# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia.
1087
1088# Queensland
1089# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1090# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ]
1091# # [ Dec 1990 ]
1092# ...

--- 27 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---

1120# ...
1121
1122# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
1123# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes.
1124
1125# From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning
1126# from Jesper N��rgaard Welen (2006-11-01):
1127# WA are trialing DST for three years.
1095# <http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf>
1128# http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf
1096
1097# From Rives McDow (2002-04-09):
1098# The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the
1099# southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western
1100# Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The
1101# residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so
1102# much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the
1103# international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South
1104# Australia and Western Australia....
1105#
1106# From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09):
1107# This is confirmed by the section entitled
1108# "What's the deal with time zones???" in
1129
1130# From Rives McDow (2002-04-09):
1131# The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the
1132# southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western
1133# Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The
1134# residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so
1135# much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the
1136# international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South
1137# Australia and Western Australia....
1138#
1139# From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09):
1140# This is confirmed by the section entitled
1141# "What's the deal with time zones???" in
1109# <http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html>.
1142# http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html
1110#
1111# From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07):
1112# ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway,
1113# which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern
1114# coast of the continent.
1115#
1116# I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no
1117# dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border

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1257# individual states. Thus, while such terms as "Eastern Standard Time"
1258# [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common
1259# use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the
1260# legislation. This is very important to understand.
1261# I have researched New South Wales time only...
1262
1263# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26):
1264# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual
1143#
1144# From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07):
1145# ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway,
1146# which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern
1147# coast of the continent.
1148#
1149# I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no
1150# dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border

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1290# individual states. Thus, while such terms as "Eastern Standard Time"
1291# [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common
1292# use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the
1293# legislation. This is very important to understand.
1294# I have researched New South Wales time only...
1295
1296# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26):
1297# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual
1265# October in 2000. [See: Matthew Moore,
1266# Two months more daylight saving
1267# Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26)
1268# <http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html>]
1298# October in 2000. See: Matthew Moore,
1299# Two months more daylight saving, Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).
1300# http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html
1269
1270# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27):
1271# See the following official NSW source:
1272# Daylight Saving in New South Wales.
1301
1302# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27):
1303# See the following official NSW source:
1304# Daylight Saving in New South Wales.
1273# <http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ>
1305# http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ
1274#
1275# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of
1276# daylight saving next year. See:
1277# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving
1306#
1307# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of
1308# daylight saving next year. See:
1309# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving
1278# <http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm>
1310# http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm
1279# (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens.
1280#
1281# Victoria will following NSW. See:
1282# Vic to extend daylight saving (1999-07-28)
1311# (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens.
1312#
1313# Victoria will following NSW. See:
1314# Vic to extend daylight saving (1999-07-28)
1283# <http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm>
1315# http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm
1284#
1285# However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See:
1286# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request (1999-07-19)
1316#
1317# However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See:
1318# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request (1999-07-19)
1287# <http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm>
1319# http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm
1288#
1289# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See:
1290# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics
1320#
1321# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See:
1322# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics
1291# <http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm>
1323# http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm
1292# (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying
1293# "Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time
1294# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very
1295# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of
1296# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night.
1297# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules."
1298#
1299# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See:
1300# Broken Hill to be behind the times (1999-07-21)
1324# (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying
1325# "Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time
1326# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very
1327# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of
1328# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night.
1329# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules."
1330#
1331# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See:
1332# Broken Hill to be behind the times (1999-07-21)
1301# <http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm>
1333# http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm
1302
1303# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian
1304# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken
1305# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics.
1306
1307# From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29:
1308# The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW
1309# towns to use Queensland time.

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1429# From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30):
1430# DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the
1431# first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning
1432# that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06.
1433# http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended
1434
1435# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-14):
1436# Chatham Island time was formally standardized on 1957-01-01 by
1334
1335# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian
1336# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken
1337# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics.
1338
1339# From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29:
1340# The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW
1341# towns to use Queensland time.

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1461# From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30):
1462# DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the
1463# first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning
1464# that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06.
1465# http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended
1466
1467# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-14):
1468# Chatham Island time was formally standardized on 1957-01-01 by
1437# New Zealand's Standard Time Amendment Act 1956 (1956-10-26)
1438# <http://www.austlii.edu.au/nz/legis/hist_act/staa19561956n100244.pdf>.
1469# New Zealand's Standard Time Amendment Act 1956 (1956-10-26).
1470# http://www.austlii.edu.au/nz/legis/hist_act/staa19561956n100244.pdf
1439# According to Google Books snippet view, a speaker in the New Zealand
1440# parliamentary debates in 1956 said "Clause 78 makes provision for standard
1441# time in the Chatham Islands. The time there is 45 minutes in advance of New
1442# Zealand time. I understand that is the time they keep locally, anyhow."
1443# For now, assume this practice goes back to the introduction of standard time
1444# in New Zealand, as this would make Chatham Islands time almost exactly match
1445# LMT back when New Zealand was at UTC+11:30; also, assume Chatham Islands did
1446# not observe New Zealand's prewar DST.

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1511# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10."
1512#
1513# Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11
1514# on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now.
1515
1516# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
1517# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in
1518# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information (1999-01-26)
1471# According to Google Books snippet view, a speaker in the New Zealand
1472# parliamentary debates in 1956 said "Clause 78 makes provision for standard
1473# time in the Chatham Islands. The time there is 45 minutes in advance of New
1474# Zealand time. I understand that is the time they keep locally, anyhow."
1475# For now, assume this practice goes back to the introduction of standard time
1476# in New Zealand, as this would make Chatham Islands time almost exactly match
1477# LMT back when New Zealand was at UTC+11:30; also, assume Chatham Islands did
1478# not observe New Zealand's prewar DST.

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1543# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10."
1544#
1545# Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11
1546# on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now.
1547
1548# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
1549# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in
1550# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information (1999-01-26)
1519# <http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html>
1551# http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html
1520# that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11.
1521# We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now.
1522
1523
1524# Midway
1525
1526# From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956),
1527# quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection

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1582# Tonga
1583
1584# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
1585# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that "Tonga has been plotting
1586# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time."
1587# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do.
1588
1589# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle
1552# that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11.
1553# We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now.
1554
1555
1556# Midway
1557
1558# From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956),
1559# quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection

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1614# Tonga
1615
1616# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
1617# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that "Tonga has been plotting
1618# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time."
1619# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do.
1620
1621# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle
1590# How Tonga became 'The Land where Time Begins'
1591# <http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm>:
1592
1622# How Tonga became 'The Land where Time Begins':
1623# http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm
1624#
1593# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST
1594# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its
1595# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its
1596# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of
1597# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees
1598# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time).
1599#
1600# Because His Majesty King T��ufa����hau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince

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1718# entry into another zone time - he often chose midnight. These zones were
1719# adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many
1720# independent merchant ships until World War II.
1721
1722# From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen
1723# (2005-03-20):
1724#
1725# The American Practical Navigator (2002)
1625# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST
1626# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its
1627# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its
1628# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of
1629# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees
1630# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time).
1631#
1632# Because His Majesty King T��ufa����hau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince

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1750# entry into another zone time - he often chose midnight. These zones were
1751# adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many
1752# independent merchant ships until World War II.
1753
1754# From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen
1755# (2005-03-20):
1756#
1757# The American Practical Navigator (2002)
1726# <http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187>
1758# http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187
1727# talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in
1728# international waters; it ignores the international date line.
1759# talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in
1760# international waters; it ignores the international date line.