1# @(#)australasia 7.64
|
| 1# @(#)australasia 7.65 |
2# This file also includes Pacific islands.
|
3# $FreeBSD: head/share/zoneinfo/australasia 76190 2001-05-01 14:10:12Z schweikh $
|
| 3# $FreeBSD: head/share/zoneinfo/australasia 86222 2001-11-09 19:17:59Z wollman $ |
4# Notes are at the end of this file
5
6###############################################################################
7
8# Australia
9
|
10# Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc.
11 |
12# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
13Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 -
14Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 -
15Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 -
16Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 -
17Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 -
18Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
19Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 -
20# Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which
21# says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that
22# 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944.
23
24# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
25# Northern Territory
26Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
27 9:00 - CST 1899 May
28 9:30 Aus CST
29# Western Australia
30Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec
31 8:00 Aus WST 1943 Jul
32 8:00 - WST 1974 Oct lastSun 2:00s
33 8:00 1:00 WST 1975 Mar Sun>=1 2:00s
34 8:00 - WST 1983 Oct lastSun 2:00s
35 8:00 1:00 WST 1984 Mar Sun>=1 2:00s
36 8:00 - WST 1991 Nov 17 2:00s
37 8:00 1:00 WST 1992 Mar Sun>=1 2:00s
38 8:00 - WST
39# Queensland
40#
41# From Alex Livingston <alex@agsm.unsw.edu.au> (1996-11-01):
42# I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast
43# of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after
44# Queensland ceased to.
45#
46# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
47# IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman,
48# Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped.
49# Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria,
50# so use Lindeman.
51#
52# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
53Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
54Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 -
55Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
56Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
57Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
58Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
59Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895
60 10:00 Aus EST 1971
61 10:00 AQ EST
62Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895
63 10:00 Aus EST 1971
64 10:00 AQ EST 1992 Jul
65 10:00 Holiday EST
66
67# South Australia
68# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
69Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
70Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 -
71Rule AS 1987 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
72Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 -
73Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
74Rule AS 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
75Rule AS 1990 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 -
76Rule AS 1991 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
77Rule AS 1992 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 -
78Rule AS 1993 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
79Rule AS 1994 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 -
80Rule AS 1995 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
81# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
82Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
83 9:00 - CST 1899 May
84 9:30 Aus CST 1971
85 9:30 AS CST
86
87# Tasmania
88# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
89Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
90Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
91Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
92Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 -
93Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 -
94Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
95Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
96Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
97Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 -
98Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
99Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 -
100Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
101Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
102Rule AT 1991 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
103Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
104Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
105# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
106Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep
107 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
108 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb
109 10:00 Aus EST 1967
110 10:00 AT EST
111
112# Victoria
113# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
114Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
115Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 -
116Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
117Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
118Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 -
119Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
120Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
121Rule AV 1995 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
122Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
123Rule AV 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
124# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
125Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
126 10:00 Aus EST 1971
127 10:00 AV EST
128
129# New South Wales
130# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
131Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
132Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 -
133Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
134Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
135Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
136Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
137Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 -
138Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
139Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
140Rule AN 1996 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
141Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
142Rule AN 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
143# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
144Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
145 10:00 Aus EST 1971
146 10:00 AN EST
147Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb
148 10:00 - EST 1896 Aug 23
149 9:00 - CST 1899 May
150 9:30 Aus CST 1971
151 9:30 AN CST 2000
152 9:30 AS CST
153
154# Lord Howe Island
155# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
156Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 -
157Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
158Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 -
159Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
160Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 -
161Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 -
162Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
163Rule LH 1996 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
164Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 -
165Rule LH 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 -
166Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
167 10:00 - EST 1981 Mar
168 10:30 LH LHST
169
170# Australian miscellany
171#
172# Ashmore Is, Cartier
173# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers
174# like Australia/Perth, says Turner
175#
176# Coral Sea Is
177# no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists
178# no information
179#
180# Macquarie
181# permanent occupation (scientific station) since 1948;
182# sealing and penguin oil station operated 1888/1917
183# like Australia/Hobart, says Turner
184
185# Christmas
186# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
187Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
188 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time
189
190# Cook Is
191# From Shanks:
192# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
193Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS
194Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
195Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS
196# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
197Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua
198 -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time
199 -10:00 Cook CK%sT
200
201# Cocos
202# From USNO (1989):
203# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
204Zone Indian/Cocos 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time
205
206# Fiji
207# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
208Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
209Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 -
210# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
211Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:53:40 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva
212 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time
213
214# French Polynesia
215# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
216Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea
217 -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time
218Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct
219 -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time
220Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete
221 -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time
222# Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia;
223# it is uninhabited.
224
225# Guam
226# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
227Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
228 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana
229 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam
230 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time
231
232# Kiribati
233# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
234Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki
235 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time
236Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901
237 -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time
238 -11:00 - PHOT 1995
239 13:00 - PHOT
240Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901
241 -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time
242 -10:00 - LINT 1995
243 14:00 - LINT
244
245# N Mariana Is
246# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
247Zone Pacific/Saipan -14:17:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
248 9:43:00 - LMT 1901
249 9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time
250 10:00 - MPT 2000 Dec 23
251 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time
252
253# Marshall Is
254# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
255Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901
256 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time
257 12:00 - MHT
258Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901
259 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct
260 -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time
261 12:00 - MHT
262
263# Micronesia
264# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
265Zone Pacific/Yap 9:12:32 - LMT 1901 # Colonia
266 9:00 - YAPT 1969 Oct # Yap Time
267 10:00 - YAPT
268Zone Pacific/Truk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901
269 10:00 - TRUT # Truk Time
270Zone Pacific/Ponape 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia
271 11:00 - PONT # Ponape Time
272Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901
273 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time
274 12:00 - KOST 1999
275 11:00 - KOST
276
277# Nauru
278# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
279Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe
280 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time
281 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15
282 11:30 - NRT 1979 May
283 12:00 - NRT
284
285# New Caledonia
286# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
287Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
288Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 -
289Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S
290# Shanks says the following was at 2:00; go with IATA.
291Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 -
292# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
293Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13
294 11:00 NC NC%sT
295
296
297###############################################################################
298
299# New Zealand
300
301# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
302# Shanks gives 1927 Nov 6 - 1928 Mar 4, 1928 Oct 14 - 1929 Mar 17,
303# 1929 Oct 13 - 1930 Mar 16; go with Whitman.
304Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 26 2:00 0:30 HD
305Rule NZ 1928 1929 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
306Rule NZ 1928 only - Nov 4 2:00 0:30 HD
307Rule NZ 1929 only - Oct 30 2:00 0:30 HD
308Rule NZ 1930 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 S
309Rule NZ 1930 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 HD
310# Whitman says DST went on and off during war years, and the base UT offset
311# didn't change until 1945 Apr 30; go with Shanks.
312Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 S
313Rule NZ 1934 1939 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 HD
314Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov 3 2:00s 1:00 D
315Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
316Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct 8 2:00s 1:00 D
317Rule NZ 1990 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
318Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb 23 2:00s 0 S
319Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
320Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
321Rule Chatham 1990 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D
322Rule Chatham 1991 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S
323# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
324Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868
325 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1940 Sep 29 2:00
326 12:00 NZ NZ%sT
327Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT
328
329
330# Auckland Is
331# uninhabited; Maori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers,
332# and scientific personnel have wintered
333
334# Campbell I
335# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914
336# scientific station operated 1941/1995;
337# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered
338# was probably like Pacific/Auckland
339
340###############################################################################
341
342
343# Niue
344# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
345Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi
346 -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time
347 -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1
348 -11:00 - NUT
349
350# Norfolk
351# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
352Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston
353 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time
354 11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time
355
356# Palau (Belau)
357# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
358Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror
359 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time
360
361# Papua New Guinea
362# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
363Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880
|
362 9:48:40 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time
|
| 364 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time |
365 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time
366
367# Pitcairn
368# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
369Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown
370 -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 00:00
371 -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time
372
373# American Samoa
374Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5
375 -11:22:48 - LMT 1911
376 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time
377 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome
378 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering
379 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa
380
381# W Samoa
382Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5
383 -11:26:56 - LMT 1911
384 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time
385 -11:00 - WST # W Samoa Time
386
387# Solomon Is
388# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea
389# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
390Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara
391 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time
392
393# Tokelau Is
394# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
395Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901
396 -10:00 - TKT # Tokelau Time
397
398# Tonga
399# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
400Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S
401Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 -
402Rule Tonga 2000 only - Nov 4 2:00s 1:00 S
403Rule Tonga 2001 only - Jan 27 2:00s 0 -
|
404Rule Tonga 2001 only - Nov 25 2:00s 1:00 S
405Rule Tonga 2002 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 - |
406# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
407Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901
408 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time
409 13:00 - TOT 1999
410 13:00 Tonga TO%sT
411
412# Tuvalu
413# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
414Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901
415 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time
416
417
418# US minor outlying islands
419
420# Howland, Baker
421# uninhabited since World War II
422# no information; was probably like Pacific/Pago_Pago
423
424# Jarvis
425# uninhabited since 1958
426# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati
427
428# Johnston
429# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
430Zone Pacific/Johnston -10:00 - HST
431
432# Kingman
433# uninhabited
434
435# Midway
436Zone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901
437 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome
438 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering
439 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa
440
441# Palmyra
442# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati
443
444# Wake
445# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
446Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901
447 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time
448
449
450# Vanuatu
451# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
452Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S
453Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 -
454Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S
455Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S
456Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 -
457Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S
458# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
459Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila
460 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time
461
462# Wallis and Futuna
463# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
464Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
465 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time
466
467###############################################################################
468
469# NOTES
470
471# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
472# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
473# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
474
475# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-10-29):
476# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
477# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition),
478# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999).
479#
|
476# Gwillim Law <Gwil_Law@bridge-point.com> writes that a good source
|
| 480# Gwillim Law writes that a good source |
481# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
482# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
483# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
484# of the IATA's data after 1990.
485#
486# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1990,
487# and IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
488#
489# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
490# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
491# I found in the UCLA library.
492#
493# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
494# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
495#
496# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
497# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
498# Corrections are welcome!
499# std dst
500# LMT Local Mean Time
501# 8:00 WST WST Western Australia
502# 9:00 JST Japan
503# 9:30 CST CST Central Australia
504# 10:00 EST EST Eastern Australia
505# 10:00 ChST Chamorro
506# 10:30 LHST LHST Lord Howe*
507# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand
508# 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham*
509# -11:00 SST Samoa
510# -10:00 HST Hawaii
511# - 8:00 PST Pitcairn*
512#
513# See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii.
514# See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is.
515
516###############################################################################
517
518# Australia
519
520# <a href="http://www.dstc.qut.edu.au/DST/marg/daylight.html">
521# Australia's Daylight Saving Times
522# </a>, by Margaret Turner, summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia.
523
524# From John Mackin (1991-03-06):
525# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time.
526# It is called `summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, `summer'
527# and `standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the
528# abbreviation does _not_ change...
529# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least
530# in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the
531# initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses
532# the phrase `summer time' and does not use the phrase `daylight
533# time'.
534# Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian
535# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases `Eastern Standard Time'
536# or `Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the
537# current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers
538# on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases
539# prefixed by the word `Australian' when referring to local times;
540# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC.
541
|
538# From Arthur David Olson (March 8 1992):
|
| 542# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): |
543# Given the above, what's chosen for year-round use is:
544# CST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 9:30
545# WST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00
546# EST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00
547
|
548# From Paul Eggert (2001-04-05), summarizing a long discussion about "EST"
549# versus "AEST" etc.:
550#
551# I see the following points of dispute:
552#
553# * How important are unique time zone abbreviations?
554#
555# Here I tend to agree with the point (most recently made by Chris
556# Newman) that unique abbreviations should not be essential for proper
557# operation of software. We have other instances of ambiguity
558# (e.g. "IST" denoting both "Israel Standard Time" and "Indian
559# Standard Time"), and they are not likely to go away any time soon.
560# In the old days, some software mistakenly relied on unique
561# abbreviations, but this is becoming less true with time, and I don't
562# think it's that important to cater to such software these days.
563#
564# On the other hand, there is another motivation for unambiguous
565# abbreviations: it cuts down on human confusion. This is
566# particularly true for Australia, where "EST" can mean one thing for
567# time T and a different thing for time T plus 1 second.
568#
569# * Does the relevant legislation indicate which abbreviations should be used?
570#
571# Here I tend to think that things are a mess, just as they are in
572# many other countries. We Americans are currently disagreeing about
573# which abbreviation to use for the newly legislated Chamorro Standard
574# Time, for example.
575#
576# Personally, I would prefer to use common practice; I would like to
577# refer to legislation only for examples of common practice, or as a
578# tiebreaker.
579#
580# * Do Australians more often use "Eastern Daylight Time" or "Eastern
581# Summer Time"? Do they typically prefix the time zone names with
582# the word "Australian"?
583#
584# My own impression is that both "Daylight Time" and "Summer Time" are
585# common and are widely understood, but that "Summer Time" is more
586# popular; and that the leading "A" is also common but is omitted more
587# often than not. I just used AltaVista advanced search and got the
588# following count of page hits:
589#
590# 1,103 "Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au
591# 971 "Australian Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au
592# 613 "Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au
593# 127 "Australian Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au
594#
595# Here "Summer" seems quite a bit more popular than "Daylight",
596# particularly when we know the time zone is Australian and not US,
597# say. The "Australian" prefix seems to be popular for Eastern Summer
598# Time, but unpopular for Eastern Daylight Time.
599#
600# For abbreviations, tools like AltaVista are less useful because of
601# ambiguity. Many hits are not really time zones, unfortunately, and
602# many hits denote US time zones and not Australian ones. But here
603# are the hit counts anyway:
604#
605# 161,304 "EST" and domain:au
606# 25,156 "EDT" and domain:au
607# 18,263 "AEST" and domain:au
608# 10,416 "AEDT" and domain:au
609#
610# 14,538 "CST" and domain:au
611# 5,728 "CDT" and domain:au
612# 176 "ACST" and domain:au
613# 29 "ACDT" and domain:au
614#
615# 7,539 "WST" and domain:au
616# 68 "AWST" and domain:au
617#
618# This data suggest that Australians tend to omit the "A" prefix in
619# practice. The situation for "ST" versus "DT" is less clear, given
620# the ambiguities involved.
621#
622# * How do Australians feel about the abbreviations in the tz database?
623#
624# If you just count Australians on this list, I count 2 in favor and 3
625# against. One of the "against" votes (David Keegel) counseled delay,
626# saying that both AEST/AEDT and EST/EST are widely used and
627# understood in Australia.
628 |
629# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
630# Shanks reports 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and New Zealand.
631# Mark Prior <mrp@itd.adelaide.edu.au> writes that his newspaper
632# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00,
633# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970
634# and perhaps the newspaper's `2:00' is referring to standard time.
635# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960.
636
637# From Eric Ulevik <eau@zip.com.au> (1998-01-05):
638#
639# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable,
640# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more
641# relevant entries in this database.
642#
643# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill):
644# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html">
645# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04)
646# </a>
647# ACT
648# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html">
649# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972
650# </a>
651# SA
652# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html">
653# Standard Time Act, 1898
654# </a>
655
656# Northern Territory
657
658# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
659# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ]
660# # [ Nov 1990 ]
661# # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location.
662# ...
663# Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST
664
665# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
666# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
667# the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving.
668
669# Western Australia
670
671# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
672# # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ]
673# # [ Nov 1990 ]
674# # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to
675# # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but
676# # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus
677# # before reaching parliament.
678# ...
679# Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST
680# ...
681# Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
682# Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W
683# Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
684# Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W
685
686# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
687# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
688# Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving.
689
690# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02):
691# Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney
692# rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at
693# work at 9.00am.)
694# W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse
695# everybody again.
696
697# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
698# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess;
699# it matches what was used in the past.
700
701# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm">
702# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ
703# </a> (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses
704# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia.
705
706# Queensland
707# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
708# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ]
709# # [ Dec 1990 ]
710# ...
711# Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST
712# ...
713# Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
714# Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E
715# Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
716# Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E
717
718# From Bradley White (1989-12-24):
719# "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from
720# October 1989).
721
722# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
723# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
724# ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving
725# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
726
727# From John Mackin (1991-03-06):
728# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact
729# end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised
730# me.)
731
732# From Bradley White (1992-03-08):
733# ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted
734# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ...
735# ...
736# Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
737# Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S
738# ...
739
740# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
741# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes.
742
743# South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria
744
745# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
746# The rules from version 7.1 follow.
747# There are lots of differences between these rules and
748# the Shepherd et al. rules. Since the Shepherd et al. rules
749# and Bradley White's newspaper article are in agreement on
750# current DST ending dates, no worries.
751#
752# Rule Oz 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 -
753# Rule Oz 1986 max - Oct Sun<=24 2:00 1:00 -
754# Rule Oz 1972 only - Feb 27 3:00 0 -
755# Rule Oz 1973 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 -
756# Rule Oz 1987 max - Mar Sun<=21 3:00 0 -
757# Zone Australia/Tasmania 10:00 Oz EST
758# Zone Australia/South 9:30 Oz CST
759# Zone Australia/Victoria 10:00 Oz EST 1985 Oct lastSun 2:00
760# 10:00 1:00 EST 1986 Mar Sun<=21 3:00
761# 10:00 Oz EST
762
763# From Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
764# I believe that the current start date for DST is "lastSun" in Oct...
765# that changed Oct 89. That is, we're back to the
766# original rule, and that rule currently applies in all the states
767# that have dst, incl Qld. (Certainly it was true in Vic).
768# The file I'm including says that happened in 1988, I think
769# that's incorrect, but I'm not 100% certain.
770
771# South Australia
772
773# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
774# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
775# ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving
776# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
777
778# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
779# # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ]
780# # [ Nov 1990 ]
781# ...
782# Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST
783# ...
784# Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
785# Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C
786# Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun<=21 3:00 0 C
787# Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C
788
789# From Bradley White (1992-03-11):
790# Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide
791# contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival,
792# South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks."
793
794# From Robert Elz (1992-03-13):
795# I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that)
796# South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even
797# numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival
798# is on...
799
800# From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000):
801# DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday)....
802# But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever...
803# (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...).
804
805# From Bradley White (1994-04-11):
806# If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March,
807# 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can
808# only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated....
809
810# From John Warburton <jwarb@SACBH.com.au> (1994-10-07):
811# The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ...
812# was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994....
813# start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March.
814
815# Tasmania
816
817# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd
818# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
819# # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ]
820# # [ Nov 1990 ]
821
822# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10):
823# Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have
824# 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia
825# (but nothing new about that).
826
827# From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04):
828# I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the
829# (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard,
830# has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria
831# (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000
832# instead of the first Sunday in October.
833
834# Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules:
835# http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300
836
837# Victoria
838
839# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd
840# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
841# # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ]
842# # [ Nov 1990 ]
843
|
844# From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29):
845# On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an
846# interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was
847# discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar
848# Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located
849# in Melbourne, Australia.
850#
851# Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which
852# illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day
853# of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's
854# fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time,
855# you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the
856# expected time.
857#
858# However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had
859# to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of
860# the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps
861# someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more.
862#
863# [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html
864# [2] http://www.shrine.org.au
865 |
866# New South Wales
867
868# From Arthur David Olson:
869# New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time.
870# Based on law library research by John Mackin (john@basser.cs.su.oz),
871# who notes:
872# In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the
873# individual states. Thus, while such terms as ``Eastern Standard Time''
874# [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common
875# use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the
876# legislation. This is very important to understand.
877# I have researched New South Wales time only...
878
879# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27):
880# The Information Service of the Australian National Standards Commission
881# <a href="http://www.nsc.gov.au/InfoServ/Ileaflet/il27.htm">
882# Daylight Saving
883# </a> page (1995-04) has an excellent overall history of Australian DST.
884# The Community Relations Division of the NSW Attorney General's Department
885# publishes a history of daylight saving in NSW. See:
886# <a href="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/crd.nsf/pages/time2">
887# Lawlink NSW: Daylight Saving in New South Wales
888# </a>
889
890# From Eric Ulevik <eau@ozemail.com.au> (1999-05-26):
891# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual
892# October in 2000. [See: Matthew Moore,
893# <a href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html">
894# Two months more daylight saving
895# </a>
896# Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).]
897
898# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27):
899# See the following official NSW source:
900# <a href="http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ">
901# Daylight Saving in New South Wales.
902# </a>
903#
904# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of
905# daylight saving next year. See:
906# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm">
907# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving
908# </a> (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens.
909#
910# Victoria will following NSW. See:
911# <a href="http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm">
912# Vic to extend daylight saving
913# </a> (1999-07-28).
914#
915# However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See:
916# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm">
917# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request
918# </a> (1999-07-19).
919#
920# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See:
921# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm">
922# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics
923# </a> (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying
924# ``Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time
925# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very
926# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of
927# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night.
928# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules.''
929#
930# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See:
931# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm">
932# Broken Hill to be behind the times
933# </a> (1999-07-21).
934
935# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian
936# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken
937# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics.
938
939# From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29:
940# The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW
941# towns to use Queensland time.
942
943# Yancowinna
944
945# From John Mackin (1989-01-04):
946# `Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna.
947
948# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
949# # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ]
950# # [ Dec 1990 ]
951# ...
952# # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the
953# # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings
954# # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government
955# # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have
956# # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not
957# # presently available.
958# Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST
959# ...
960# Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
961# Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C
962# [followed by other Rules]
963
964# Lord Howe Island
965
966# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
967# LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen.. pauline@Aus ]
968# [ Dec 1990 ]
969# Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an
970# hour ahead of NSW time.
971
972# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27):
973# Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same
974# date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the
975# Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is
976# seeking the community's views on various options for summer time
977# arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour
978# instead of only 30 minutes. Dependent on the wishes of residents
979# the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing
980# arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will
981# however always coincide with the rest of NSW.
982
983# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25):
984# Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards
985# clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently
986# introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as
987# shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start
988# of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW.
989
990# From Paul Eggert (2001-02-09):
991# For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks through 1989, and Lonergan thereafter.
992# For times we use Lonergan.
993
994###############################################################################
995
996# New Zealand
997
998# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03):
999# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period.
1000# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for
1001# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start).
1002# source -- phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office.
1003
1004# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1005# # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that!
1006# # or is Australia the west island of N.Z.
1007# # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Geofft@Aus.. Auckland N.Z. ]
1008# # [ Nov 1990 ]
1009# ...
1010# Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1011# Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1012# Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S
1013# Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S
1014# ...
1015# Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand
1016# Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island
1017
1018# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
1019# The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989
1020# rather than the October 1 value.
1021
1022# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19);
1023# Shanks reports 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and New Zealand.
1024# Robert Uzgalis <buz@cs.aukuni.ac.nz> writes that the New Zealand Daylight
1025# Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard
1026# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March.
1027# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00.
1028#
1029# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
1030# Shanks gives no time data for Chatham; usno1989 says it's +12:45,
1031# usno1995 says it's +12:45/+13:45, and IATA SSIM (1991/1999)
1032# gives the NZ rules but with transitions at 2:45 local standard time.
1033# Guess that they have been in lock-step with NZ since 1990.
1034
1035###############################################################################
1036
1037
1038# Fiji
1039
1040# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji
1041# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time
1042# instead of the American system (which was one day behind).
1043
1044# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08):
1045# Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01
1046# until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will
1047# be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February.
1048
1049# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08):
1050# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow.
1051
1052# From the BBC World Service (1998-10-31 11:32 UTC):
1053# The Fijiian government says the main reasons for the time change is to
1054# improve productivity and reduce road accidents. But correspondents say it
1055# also hopes the move will boost Fiji's ability to compete with other pacific
1056# islands in the effort to attract tourists to witness the dawning of the new
1057# millenium.
1058
1059# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13)
1060# reports that Fiji has discontinued DST.
1061
1062# Johnston
1063
1064# Johnston data is from usno1995.
1065
1066
1067# Kiribati
1068
1069# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
1070# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati
1071# ``declared it the same day throught the country as of Jan. 1, 1995''
1072# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century.
1073
1074
1075# Kwajalein
1076
1077# In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes:
1078# I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday,
1079# 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with
1080# respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands,
1081# going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink.
1082
1083
1084# N Mariana Is, Guam
1085
1086# Howse writes (p 153) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the
1087# Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones
1088# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time.
1089# For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines;
1090# see Asia/Manila.
1091
1092# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time,
1093# under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation,
1094# but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law,
1095# wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST".
1096
1097
1098# Micronesia
1099
1100# Alan Eugene Davis <adavis@kuentos.guam.net> writes (1996-03-16),
1101# ``I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that "Truk"
1102# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10.''
1103#
1104# Shanks writes that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11 on 1978-10-01;
1105# ignore this for now.
1106
1107# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
1108# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in
1109# <a href="http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html">
1110# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information
1111# </a> (1999-01-26)
1112# that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11.
1113# We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now.
1114
1115
1116# Pitcairn
1117
1118# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08):
1119# A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998
1120# with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows.
1121#
1122# The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be
1123# Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known
1124# as Pitcairn Standard Time.
1125#
1126# ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several
1127# references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation
1128# somehow in light of this proclamation.
1129
1130# From Rives McDow (1999-11-09):
1131# The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998
1132# ... at midnight.
1133
1134# From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave:
1135# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as
1136# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in
1137# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago.
1138
1139
1140# Samoa
1141
1142# Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald)
1143# that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change
1144# ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system,
1145# ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that
1146# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.''
1147
1148
1149# Tonga
1150
1151# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
1152# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting
1153# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.''
1154# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do.
1155
1156# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle
1157# <a href="http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm">
1158# How Tonga became `The Land where Time Begins'
1159# </a>:
1160
1161# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST
1162# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its
1163# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its
1164# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of
1165# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees
1166# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time).
1167#
1168# Because His Majesty King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince
1169# Tungi, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time
1170# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change.
1171#
1172# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer
1173# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40
1174# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40
1175# minutes we have lost?"
1176#
1177# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that
1178# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth
1179# to say your prayers in the morning."
1180
1181# From Paul Eggert (1999-08-12):
1182# Shanks says the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell.
1183
1184# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03):
1185# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millenium
1186# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front.
1187# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from
1188# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan
1189# Government.
1190
1191# From Steffen Thorsen [straen@thorsen.priv.no] (1999-09-09):
1192# * Tonga will introduce DST in November
1193#
1194# I was given this link by John Letts <johnletts@earthlink.net>:
1195# <a hef="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm">
1196# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm
1197# </a>
1198#
1199# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November
1200# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead
1201# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead
1202# (12 + 1 hour DST).
1203
1204# From Arthur David Olson [arthur_david_olson@nih.gov] (1999-09-20):
1205# According to <a href="http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html>
1206# http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html
1207# </a>:
1208# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000
1209# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the
1210# third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on
1211# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and
1212# set back an hour on the closing date."
1213# Alas, no indication of the time of day.
1214
1215# From Rives McDow (1999-10-06):
1216# Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am.
1217# Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning.
1218
1219# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31):
1220# Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com
1221# that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19
1222# instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article
1223# is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the
1224# text, and I have forgotten to report it here.
1225# (Original URL was: http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm )
1226
1227# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01):
1228# Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27.
1229
|
1230# From Rives McDow (2001-07-17):
1231# The Kingdom of Tonga will move to DST at 0200 local time on Sunday,
1232# November 25, 2001 and revert back to standard time at 0300 local
1233# time on Sunday, March 3, 2002.
1234
1235 |
1236###############################################################################
1237
1238# The International Date Line
1239
1240# From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03):
1241#
1242# The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard,
1243# convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please.
1244# Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on
1245# the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there.
1246#
1247# When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and
1248# Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL
1249# to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most
1250# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line
1251# has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific
1252# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international
1253# convention, but are not legally binding national borders.
1254#
1255# An Anglo-French Conference on Time-Keeping at Sea (June, 1917) agreed that
1256# legal time on the high seas would be zone time, i.e., the standard time at
1257# the nearest meridian that is a multiple of fifteen degrees. The date is
1258# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some
1259# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not
1260# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the
1261# correct date is ambiguous.
|