95Rule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
96Rule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
97Rule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
98# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
99Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
100 9:00 - CST 1899 May
101 9:30 Aus CST 1971
102 9:30 AS CST
103
104# Tasmania
105#
106# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16):
107# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml>
108# says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971.
109#
110# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
111Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
112Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
113Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
114Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 -
115Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 -
116Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
117Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
118Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
119Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 -
120Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
121Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 -
122Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
123Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
124Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
125Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
126Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
127Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
128Rule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
129Rule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
130# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
131Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep
132 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
133 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb
134 10:00 Aus EST 1967
135 10:00 AT EST
136Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep
137 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
138 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb
139 10:00 Aus EST 1971 Jul
140 10:00 AT EST
141
142# Victoria
143# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
144Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
145Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 -
146Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
147Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
148Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 -
149Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
150Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
151Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
152Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
153Rule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
154Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
155Rule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
156Rule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
157Rule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
158# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
159Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
160 10:00 Aus EST 1971
161 10:00 AV EST
162
163# New South Wales
164# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
165Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
166Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 -
167Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
168Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
169Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
170Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
171Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 -
172Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
173Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
174Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
175Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
176Rule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
177Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
178Rule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
179Rule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
180Rule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
181# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
182Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
183 10:00 Aus EST 1971
184 10:00 AN EST
185Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb
186 10:00 - EST 1896 Aug 23
187 9:00 - CST 1899 May
188 9:30 Aus CST 1971
189 9:30 AN CST 2000
190 9:30 AS CST
191
192# Lord Howe Island
193# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
194Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 -
195Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
196Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 -
197Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
198Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 -
199Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 -
200Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
201Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
202Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 -
203Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 -
204Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
205Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
206Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
207Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 -
208Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
209 10:00 - EST 1981 Mar
210 10:30 LH LHST
211
212# Australian miscellany
213#
214# Ashmore Is, Cartier
215# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers
216# no times are set
217#
218# Coral Sea Is
219# no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists
220# no times are set
221#
222# Macquarie
223# permanent occupation (scientific station) since 1948;
224# sealing and penguin oil station operated 1888/1917
225# like Australia/Hobart
226
227# Christmas
228# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
229Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
230 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time
231
232# Cook Is
233# From Shanks & Pottenger:
234# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
235Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS
236Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
237Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS
238# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
239Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua
240 -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time
241 -10:00 Cook CK%sT
242
243# Cocos
244# These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978.
245# We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900.
246# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
247Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900
248 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time
249
250# Fiji
251# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10):
252# According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST
253# from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010.
254#
255# "Daylight savings to commence this month"
256# <a href="http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719">
257# http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719
258# </a>
259# or
260# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html">
261# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html
262# </a>
263
264# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10):
265# The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved
266# amendments:
267# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml">
268# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml
269# </a>
270
271# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03):
272# The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on
273# 2010-03-28 at 03:00.
274# The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March
275# 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?).
276#
277# Official source:
278# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166">
279# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166
280# </a>
281#
282# A bit more background info here:
283# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html">
284# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html
285# </a>
286
287# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24):
288# According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3
289# weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011...
290# Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands,
291# Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site:
292# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155">
293# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155
294# </a>
295# or
296# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html">
297# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html
298# </a>
299
300# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
301Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
302Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 -
303Rule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 S
304Rule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 -
305Rule Fiji 2010 only - Oct 24 2:00 1:00 S
306Rule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 -
307# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
308Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:53:40 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva
309 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time
310
311# French Polynesia
312# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
313Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea
314 -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time
315Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct
316 -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time
317Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete
318 -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time
319# Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia;
320# it is uninhabited.
321
322# Guam
323# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
324Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
325 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana
326 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam
327 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time
328
329# Kiribati
330# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
331Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki
332 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time
333Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901
334 -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time
335 -11:00 - PHOT 1995
336 13:00 - PHOT
337Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901
338 -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time
339 -10:00 - LINT 1995
340 14:00 - LINT
341
342# N Mariana Is
343# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
344Zone Pacific/Saipan -14:17:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
345 9:43:00 - LMT 1901
346 9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time
347 10:00 - MPT 2000 Dec 23
348 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time
349
350# Marshall Is
351# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
352Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901
353 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time
354 12:00 - MHT
355Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901
356 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct
357 -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time
358 12:00 - MHT
359
360# Micronesia
361# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
362Zone Pacific/Chuuk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901
363 10:00 - CHUT # Chuuk Time
364Zone Pacific/Pohnpei 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia
365 11:00 - PONT # Pohnpei Time
366Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901
367 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time
368 12:00 - KOST 1999
369 11:00 - KOST
370
371# Nauru
372# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
373Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe
374 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time
375 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15
376 11:30 - NRT 1979 May
377 12:00 - NRT
378
379# New Caledonia
380# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
381Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
382Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 -
383Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S
384# Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA.
385Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 -
386# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
387Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13
388 11:00 NC NC%sT
389
390
391###############################################################################
392
393# New Zealand
394
395# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
396Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S
397Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M
398Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S
399Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M
400Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M
401Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S
402Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S
403# Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no
404# convenient notation for this so we must duplicate the Rule lines.
405Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
406Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D
407Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S
408Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S
409Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
410Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D
411Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
412Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S
413Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D
414Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D
415Rule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
416Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D
417Rule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
418Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S
419Rule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
420Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D
421Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
422Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S
423# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
424Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2
425 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1
426 12:00 NZ NZ%sT
427Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1957 Jan 1
428 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT
429
430
431# Auckland Is
432# uninhabited; Maori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers,
433# and scientific personnel have wintered
434
435# Campbell I
436# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914
437# scientific station operated 1941/1995;
438# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered
439# was probably like Pacific/Auckland
440
441###############################################################################
442
443
444# Niue
445# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
446Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi
447 -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time
448 -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1
449 -11:00 - NUT
450
451# Norfolk
452# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
453Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston
454 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time
455 11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time
456
457# Palau (Belau)
458# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
459Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror
460 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time
461
462# Papua New Guinea
463# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
464Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880
465 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time
466 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time
467
468# Pitcairn
469# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
470Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown
471 -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 00:00
472 -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time
473
474# American Samoa
475Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5
476 -11:22:48 - LMT 1911
477 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time
478 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome
479 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering
480 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa
481
482# Samoa
483
484# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16):
485# We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received
486# the following info:
487#
488# "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year
489# commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first
490# Sunday of April 2011."
491#
492# Background info:
493# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html">
494# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html
495# </a>
496#
497# Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not
498# contain any dates:
499# <a href="http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf">
500# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf
501# </a>
502
503# From Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07):
504# Please see
505# <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws">
506# http://www.mcil.gov.ws
507# </a>,
508# the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday
509# September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight
510# to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks
511# backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am"
512
513Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5
514 -11:26:56 - LMT 1911
515 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time
516 -11:00 - WST 2010 Sep 26
517 -11:00 1:00 WSDT 2011 Apr 3 1:00
518 -11:00 - WST
519
520# Solomon Is
521# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea
522# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
523Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara
524 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time
525
526# Tokelau Is
527# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
528Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901
529 -10:00 - TKT # Tokelau Time
530
531# Tonga
532# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
533Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S
534Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 -
535Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
536Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 -
537# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
538Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901
539 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time
540 13:00 - TOT 1999
541 13:00 Tonga TO%sT
542
543# Tuvalu
544# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
545Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901
546 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time
547
548
549# US minor outlying islands
550
551# Howland, Baker
552# Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British
553# 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known.
554# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944;
555# uninhabited thereafter.
556# Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UTC-10:30) in 1937;
557# see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long,
558# Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000).
559# So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935
560# until they were abandoned after the war.
561
562# Jarvis
563# Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?.
564# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958;
565# uninhabited thereafter.
566# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati
567
568# Johnston
569# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
570Zone Pacific/Johnston -10:00 - HST
571
572# Kingman
573# uninhabited
574
575# Midway
576#
577# From Mark Brader (2005-01-23):
578# [Fallacies and Fantasies of Air Transport History, by R.E.G. Davies,
579# published 1994 by Paladwr Press, McLean, VA, USA; ISBN 0-9626483-5-3]
580# reproduced a Pan American Airways timeables from 1936, for their weekly
581# "Orient Express" flights between San Francisco and Manila, and connecting
582# flights to Chicago and the US East Coast. As it uses some time zone
583# designations that I've never seen before:....
584# Fri. 6:30A Lv. HONOLOLU (Pearl Harbor), H.I. H.L.T. Ar. 5:30P Sun.
585# " 3:00P Ar. MIDWAY ISLAND . . . . . . . . . M.L.T. Lv. 6:00A "
586#
587Zone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901
588 -11:00 - NST 1956 Jun 3
589 -11:00 1:00 NDT 1956 Sep 2
590 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome
591 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering
592 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa
593
594# Palmyra
595# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati
596
597# Wake
598# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
599Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901
600 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time
601
602
603# Vanuatu
604# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
605Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S
606Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 -
607Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S
608Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S
609Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 -
610Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S
611# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
612Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila
613 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time
614
615# Wallis and Futuna
616# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
617Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
618 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time
619
620###############################################################################
621
622# NOTES
623
624# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
625# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
626# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
627
628# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
629# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
630# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
631# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
632#
633# Gwillim Law writes that a good source
634# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
635# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
636# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
637# of the IATA's data after 1990.
638#
639# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
640# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
641#
642# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
643# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
644# I found in the UCLA library.
645#
646# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
647# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
648#
649# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
650# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
651# Corrections are welcome!
652# std dst
653# LMT Local Mean Time
654# 8:00 WST WST Western Australia
655# 8:45 CWST CWST Central Western Australia*
656# 9:00 JST Japan
657# 9:30 CST CST Central Australia
658# 10:00 EST EST Eastern Australia
659# 10:00 ChST Chamorro
660# 10:30 LHST LHST Lord Howe*
661# 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945
662# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present
663# 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham*
664# -11:00 SST Samoa
665# -10:00 HST Hawaii
666# - 8:00 PST Pitcairn*
667#
668# See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii.
669# See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is.
670
671###############################################################################
672
673# Australia
674
675# From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08):
676# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml">
677# Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia
678# </a> summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia.
679
680# From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12):
681# <a href="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving">
682# Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales
683# </a> covers New South Wales in particular.
684
685# From John Mackin (1991-03-06):
686# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time.
687# It is called `summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, `summer'
688# and `standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the
689# abbreviation does _not_ change...
690# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least
691# in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the
692# initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses
693# the phrase `summer time' and does not use the phrase `daylight
694# time'.
695# Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian
696# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases `Eastern Standard Time'
697# or `Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the
698# current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers
699# on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases
700# prefixed by the word `Australian' when referring to local times;
701# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC.
702
703# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
704# Given the above, what's chosen for year-round use is:
705# CST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 9:30
706# WST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00
707# EST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00
708
709# From Chuck Soper (2006-06-01):
710# I recently found this Australian government web page on time zones:
711# <http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia-13time>
712# And this government web page lists time zone names and abbreviations:
713# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml>
714
715# From Paul Eggert (2001-04-05), summarizing a long discussion about "EST"
716# versus "AEST" etc.:
717#
718# I see the following points of dispute:
719#
720# * How important are unique time zone abbreviations?
721#
722# Here I tend to agree with the point (most recently made by Chris
723# Newman) that unique abbreviations should not be essential for proper
724# operation of software. We have other instances of ambiguity
725# (e.g. "IST" denoting both "Israel Standard Time" and "Indian
726# Standard Time"), and they are not likely to go away any time soon.
727# In the old days, some software mistakenly relied on unique
728# abbreviations, but this is becoming less true with time, and I don't
729# think it's that important to cater to such software these days.
730#
731# On the other hand, there is another motivation for unambiguous
732# abbreviations: it cuts down on human confusion. This is
733# particularly true for Australia, where "EST" can mean one thing for
734# time T and a different thing for time T plus 1 second.
735#
736# * Does the relevant legislation indicate which abbreviations should be used?
737#
738# Here I tend to think that things are a mess, just as they are in
739# many other countries. We Americans are currently disagreeing about
740# which abbreviation to use for the newly legislated Chamorro Standard
741# Time, for example.
742#
743# Personally, I would prefer to use common practice; I would like to
744# refer to legislation only for examples of common practice, or as a
745# tiebreaker.
746#
747# * Do Australians more often use "Eastern Daylight Time" or "Eastern
748# Summer Time"? Do they typically prefix the time zone names with
749# the word "Australian"?
750#
751# My own impression is that both "Daylight Time" and "Summer Time" are
752# common and are widely understood, but that "Summer Time" is more
753# popular; and that the leading "A" is also common but is omitted more
754# often than not. I just used AltaVista advanced search and got the
755# following count of page hits:
756#
757# 1,103 "Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au
758# 971 "Australian Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au
759# 613 "Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au
760# 127 "Australian Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au
761#
762# Here "Summer" seems quite a bit more popular than "Daylight",
763# particularly when we know the time zone is Australian and not US,
764# say. The "Australian" prefix seems to be popular for Eastern Summer
765# Time, but unpopular for Eastern Daylight Time.
766#
767# For abbreviations, tools like AltaVista are less useful because of
768# ambiguity. Many hits are not really time zones, unfortunately, and
769# many hits denote US time zones and not Australian ones. But here
770# are the hit counts anyway:
771#
772# 161,304 "EST" and domain:au
773# 25,156 "EDT" and domain:au
774# 18,263 "AEST" and domain:au
775# 10,416 "AEDT" and domain:au
776#
777# 14,538 "CST" and domain:au
778# 5,728 "CDT" and domain:au
779# 176 "ACST" and domain:au
780# 29 "ACDT" and domain:au
781#
782# 7,539 "WST" and domain:au
783# 68 "AWST" and domain:au
784#
785# This data suggest that Australians tend to omit the "A" prefix in
786# practice. The situation for "ST" versus "DT" is less clear, given
787# the ambiguities involved.
788#
789# * How do Australians feel about the abbreviations in the tz database?
790#
791# If you just count Australians on this list, I count 2 in favor and 3
792# against. One of the "against" votes (David Keegel) counseled delay,
793# saying that both AEST/AEDT and EST/EST are widely used and
794# understood in Australia.
795
796# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
797# Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ.
798# Mark Prior writes that his newspaper
799# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00,
800# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970
801# and perhaps the newspaper's `2:00' is referring to standard time.
802# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960.
803
804# From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05):
805#
806# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable,
807# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more
808# relevant entries in this database.
809#
810# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill):
811# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html">
812# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04)
813# </a>
814# ACT
815# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html">
816# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972
817# </a>
818# SA
819# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html">
820# Standard Time Act, 1898
821# </a>
822
823# From David Grosz (2005-06-13):
824# It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by
825# one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games.
826# Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday
827# in April instead of the last Sunday in March.
828#
829# From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14):
830# I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan
831# to extend DST together in 2006.
832# ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt
833# New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html
834# South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html
835# Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772
836# Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles
837# allude to it.
838# But not Queensland
839# http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html.
840
841# Northern Territory
842
843# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
844# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ]
845# # [ Nov 1990 ]
846# # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location.
847# ...
848# Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST
849
850# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
851# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
852# the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving.
853
854# Western Australia
855
856# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
857# # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ]
858# # [ Nov 1990 ]
859# # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to
860# # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but
861# # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus
862# # before reaching parliament.
863# ...
864# Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST
865# ...
866# Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
867# Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W
868# Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
869# Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W
870
871# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
872# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
873# Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving.
874
875# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02):
876# Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney
877# rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at
878# work at 9.00am.)
879# W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse
880# everybody again.
881
882# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
883# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess;
884# it matches what was used in the past.
885
886# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm">
887# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ
888# </a> (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses
889# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia.
890
891# Queensland
892# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
893# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ]
894# # [ Dec 1990 ]
895# ...
896# Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST
897# ...
898# Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
899# Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E
900# Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
901# Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E
902
903# From Bradley White (1989-12-24):
904# "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from
905# October 1989).
906
907# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
908# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
909# ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving
910# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
911
912# From John Mackin (1991-03-06):
913# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact
914# end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised
915# me.)
916
917# From Bradley White (1992-03-08):
918# ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted
919# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ...
920# ...
921# Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
922# Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S
923# ...
924
925# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
926# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes.
927
928# From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning
929# from Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-11-01):
930# WA are trialing DST for three years.
931# <http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf>
932
933# From Rives McDow (2002-04-09):
934# The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the
935# southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western
936# Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The
937# residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so
938# much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the
939# international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South
940# Australia and Western Australia....
941#
942# From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09):
943# This is confirmed by the section entitled
944# "What's the deal with time zones???" in
945# <http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html>.
946#
947# From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07):
948# ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway,
949# which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern
950# coast of the continent.
951#
952# I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no
953# dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border
954# village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west
955# as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is
956# the largest population centre in this zone....
957#
958# Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the
959# question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I
960# just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have,
961# meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45.
962#
963# (2006-12-09):
964# I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving
965# in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis
966# of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well
967# before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago.
968
969# From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15):
970# For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the
971# introduction of standard time in 1895.
972
973
974# southeast Australia
975#
976# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
977# Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT
978# end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October.
979# http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html
980
981
982# South Australia
983
984# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
985# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
986# ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving
987# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
988
989# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
990# # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ]
991# # [ Nov 1990 ]
992# ...
993# Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST
994# ...
995# Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
996# Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C
997# Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C
998# Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C
999
1000# From Bradley White (1992-03-11):
1001# Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide
1002# contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival,
1003# South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks."
1004
1005# From Robert Elz (1992-03-13):
1006# I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that)
1007# South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even
1008# numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival
1009# is on...
1010
1011# From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000):
1012# DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday)....
1013# But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever...
1014# (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...).
1015
1016# From Bradley White (1994-04-11):
1017# If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March,
1018# 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can
1019# only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated....
1020
1021# From John Warburton (1994-10-07):
1022# The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ...
1023# was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994....
1024# start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March.
1025
1026# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
1027# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
1028
1029# Tasmania
1030
1031# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd
1032# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1033# # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ]
1034# # [ Nov 1990 ]
1035
1036# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10):
1037# Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have
1038# 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia
1039# (but nothing new about that).
1040
1041# From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04):
1042# I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the
1043# (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard,
1044# has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria
1045# (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000
1046# instead of the first Sunday in October.
1047
1048# Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules:
1049# http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300
1050
1051# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
1052# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
1053
1054# Victoria
1055
1056# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd
1057# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1058# # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ]
1059# # [ Nov 1990 ]
1060
1061# From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29):
1062# On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an
1063# interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was
1064# discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar
1065# Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located
1066# in Melbourne, Australia.
1067#
1068# Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which
1069# illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day
1070# of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's
1071# fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time,
1072# you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the
1073# expected time.
1074#
1075# However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had
1076# to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of
1077# the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps
1078# someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more.
1079#
1080# [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html
1081# [2] http://www.shrine.org.au
1082
1083# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
1084# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
1085
1086# New South Wales
1087
1088# From Arthur David Olson:
1089# New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time.
1090# Based on law library research by John Mackin,
1091# who notes:
1092# In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the
1093# individual states. Thus, while such terms as ``Eastern Standard Time''
1094# [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common
1095# use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the
1096# legislation. This is very important to understand.
1097# I have researched New South Wales time only...
1098
1099# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26):
1100# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual
1101# October in 2000. [See: Matthew Moore,
1102# <a href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html">
1103# Two months more daylight saving
1104# </a>
1105# Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).]
1106
1107# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27):
1108# See the following official NSW source:
1109# <a href="http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ">
1110# Daylight Saving in New South Wales.
1111# </a>
1112#
1113# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of
1114# daylight saving next year. See:
1115# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm">
1116# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving
1117# </a> (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens.
1118#
1119# Victoria will following NSW. See:
1120# <a href="http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm">
1121# Vic to extend daylight saving
1122# </a> (1999-07-28).
1123#
1124# However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See:
1125# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm">
1126# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request
1127# </a> (1999-07-19).
1128#
1129# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See:
1130# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm">
1131# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics
1132# </a> (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying
1133# ``Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time
1134# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very
1135# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of
1136# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night.
1137# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules.''
1138#
1139# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See:
1140# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm">
1141# Broken Hill to be behind the times
1142# </a> (1999-07-21).
1143
1144# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian
1145# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken
1146# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics.
1147
1148# From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29:
1149# The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW
1150# towns to use Queensland time.
1151
1152# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
1153# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
1154
1155# Yancowinna
1156
1157# From John Mackin (1989-01-04):
1158# `Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna.
1159
1160# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1161# # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ]
1162# # [ Dec 1990 ]
1163# ...
1164# # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the
1165# # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings
1166# # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government
1167# # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have
1168# # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not
1169# # presently available.
1170# Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST
1171# ...
1172# Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1173# Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C
1174# [followed by other Rules]
1175
1176# Lord Howe Island
1177
1178# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1179# LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ]
1180# [ Dec 1990 ]
1181# Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an
1182# hour ahead of NSW time.
1183
1184# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27):
1185# Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same
1186# date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the
1187# Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is
1188# seeking the community's views on various options for summer time
1189# arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour
1190# instead of only 30 minutes. Dependant on the wishes of residents
1191# the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing
1192# arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will
1193# however always coincide with the rest of NSW.
1194
1195# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25):
1196# Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards
1197# clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently
1198# introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as
1199# shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start
1200# of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW.
1201
1202# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1203# For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and
1204# Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan.
1205
1206# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
1207# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
1208
1209# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28):
1210# According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight
1211# saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009
1212# summer (southern hemisphere).
1213#
1214# From
1215# <a href="http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf">
1216# http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf
1217# </a>
1218# The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling
1219# for over the last year is now set to be ongoing.
1220# Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each
1221# year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year.
1222# Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia
1223# with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and
1224# the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year...
1225#
1226# We have a wrap-up here:
1227# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html">
1228# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html
1229# </a>
1230###############################################################################
1231
1232# New Zealand
1233
1234# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03):
1235# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period.
1236# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for
1237# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start).
1238# source -- phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office.
1239
1240# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1241# # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that!
1242# # or is Australia the west island of N.Z.
1243# # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ]
1244# # [ Nov 1990 ]
1245# ...
1246# Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1247# Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1248# Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S
1249# Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S
1250# ...
1251# Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand
1252# Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island
1253
1254# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
1255# The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989
1256# rather than the October 1 value.
1257
1258# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19);
1259# Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ.
1260# Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight
1261# Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard
1262# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March.
1263# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00.
1264#
1265# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1266# The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history,
1267# as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references.
1268# Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger.
1269#
1270# For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with
1271# transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham
1272# is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland.
1273
1274# From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30):
1275# DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the
1276# first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning
1277# that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06.
1278# http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended
1279
1280###############################################################################
1281
1282
1283# Fiji
1284
1285# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji
1286# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time
1287# instead of the American system (which was one day behind).
1288
1289# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08):
1290# Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01
1291# until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will
1292# be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February.
1293
1294# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08):
1295# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow.
1296
1297# From the BBC World Service (1998-10-31 11:32 UTC):
1298# The Fijiian government says the main reasons for the time change is to
1299# improve productivity and reduce road accidents. But correspondents say it
1300# also hopes the move will boost Fiji's ability to compete with other pacific
1301# islands in the effort to attract tourists to witness the dawning of the new
1302# millenium.
1303
1304# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13)
1305# reports that Fiji has discontinued DST.
1306
1307# Johnston
1308
1309# Johnston data is from usno1995.
1310
1311
1312# Kiribati
1313
1314# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
1315# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati
1316# ``declared it the same day throught the country as of Jan. 1, 1995''
1317# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century.
1318
1319
1320# Kwajalein
1321
1322# In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes:
1323# I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday,
1324# 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with
1325# respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands,
1326# going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink.
1327
1328
1329# N Mariana Is, Guam
1330
1331# Howse writes (p 153) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the
1332# Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones
1333# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time.
1334# For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines;
1335# see Asia/Manila.
1336
1337# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time,
1338# under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation,
1339# but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law,
1340# wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST".
1341
1342
1343# Micronesia
1344
1345# Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16),
1346# ``I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that "Truk"
1347# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10.''
1348#
1349# Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11
1350# on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now.
1351
1352# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
1353# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in
1354# <a href="http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html">
1355# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information
1356# </a> (1999-01-26)
1357# that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11.
1358# We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now.
1359
1360
1361# Midway
1362
1363# From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956),
1364# quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection
1365# <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31):
1366# For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight
1367# Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning,
1368# your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956
1369# we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to
1370# air at 6am your time.
1371#
1372# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23):
1373# We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they
1374# started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years
1375# in Midway, but we have no record of it.
1376
1377
1378# Pitcairn
1379
1380# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08):
1381# A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998
1382# with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows.
1383#
1384# The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be
1385# Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known
1386# as Pitcairn Standard Time.
1387#
1388# ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several
1389# references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation
1390# somehow in light of this proclamation.
1391
1392# From Rives McDow (1999-11-09):
1393# The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998
1394# ... at midnight.
1395
1396# From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave:
1397# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as
1398# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in
1399# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago.
1400
1401
1402# Samoa
1403
1404# Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald)
1405# that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change
1406# ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system,
1407# ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that
1408# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.''
1409
1410
1411# Tonga
1412
1413# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
1414# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting
1415# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.''
1416# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do.
1417
1418# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle
1419# <a href="http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm">
1420# How Tonga became `The Land where Time Begins'
1421# </a>:
1422
1423# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST
1424# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its
1425# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its
1426# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of
1427# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees
1428# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time).
1429#
1430# Because His Majesty King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince
1431# Tungi, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time
1432# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change.
1433#
1434# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer
1435# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40
1436# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40
1437# minutes we have lost?"
1438#
1439# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that
1440# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth
1441# to say your prayers in the morning."
1442
1443# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1444# Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell.
1445
1446# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03):
1447# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millenium
1448# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front.
1449# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from
1450# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan
1451# Government.
1452
1453# From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
1454# * Tonga will introduce DST in November
1455#
1456# I was given this link by John Letts:
1457# <a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm">
1458# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm
1459# </a>
1460#
1461# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November
1462# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead
1463# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead
1464# (12 + 1 hour DST).
1465
1466# From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20):
1467# According to <a href="http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html">
1468# http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html
1469# </a>:
1470# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000
1471# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the
1472# third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on
1473# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and
1474# set back an hour on the closing date."
1475# Alas, no indication of the time of day.
1476
1477# From Rives McDow (1999-10-06):
1478# Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am.
1479# Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning.
1480
1481# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31):
1482# Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com
1483# that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19
1484# instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article
1485# is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the
1486# text, and I have forgotten to report it here.
1487# (Original URL was: http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm )
1488
1489# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01):
1490# Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27.
1491
1492# From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow:
1493# At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom
1494# shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday
1495# of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one
1496# hour to 1:00am.
1497
1498# From Pulu 'Anau (2002-11-05):
1499# The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't.
1500
1501
1502# Wake
1503
1504# From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup,
1505# US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02):
1506#
1507# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] -- ... The time was all the
1508# more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the
1509# International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we
1510# discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time
1511# making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost
1512# impossible.
1513#
1514# http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm
1515
1516# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23):
1517# We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now.
1518
1519###############################################################################
1520
1521# The International Date Line
1522
1523# From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03):
1524#
1525# The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard,
1526# convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please.
1527# Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on
1528# the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there.
1529#
1530# When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and
1531# Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL
1532# to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most
1533# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line
1534# has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific
1535# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international
1536# convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is
1537# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some
1538# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not
1539# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the
1540# correct date is ambiguous.
1541
1542# From Wikipedia <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31):
1543# Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting
1544# their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's
1545# speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's
1546# meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the
1547# Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all
1548# ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones
1549# on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any
1550# nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted
1551# to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's
1552# entry into another zone time--he often chose midnight. These zones were
1553# adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many
1554# independent merchant ships until World War II.
1555
1556# From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen
1557# (2005-03-20):
1558#
1559# The American Practical Navigator (2002)
1560# <http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187>
1561# talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in
1562# international waters; it ignores the international date line.
| 94Rule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
95Rule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
96Rule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
97# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
98Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
99 9:00 - CST 1899 May
100 9:30 Aus CST 1971
101 9:30 AS CST
102
103# Tasmania
104#
105# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16):
106# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml>
107# says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971.
108#
109# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
110Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
111Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
112Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
113Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 -
114Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 -
115Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
116Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
117Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
118Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 -
119Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
120Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 -
121Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
122Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
123Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
124Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
125Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
126Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
127Rule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
128Rule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
129# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
130Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep
131 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
132 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb
133 10:00 Aus EST 1967
134 10:00 AT EST
135Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep
136 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
137 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb
138 10:00 Aus EST 1971 Jul
139 10:00 AT EST
140
141# Victoria
142# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
143Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
144Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 -
145Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
146Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
147Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 -
148Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
149Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
150Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
151Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
152Rule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
153Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
154Rule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
155Rule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
156Rule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
157# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
158Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
159 10:00 Aus EST 1971
160 10:00 AV EST
161
162# New South Wales
163# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
164Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
165Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 -
166Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
167Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
168Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
169Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
170Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 -
171Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
172Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
173Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
174Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
175Rule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
176Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
177Rule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
178Rule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
179Rule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
180# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
181Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
182 10:00 Aus EST 1971
183 10:00 AN EST
184Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb
185 10:00 - EST 1896 Aug 23
186 9:00 - CST 1899 May
187 9:30 Aus CST 1971
188 9:30 AN CST 2000
189 9:30 AS CST
190
191# Lord Howe Island
192# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
193Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 -
194Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
195Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 -
196Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
197Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 -
198Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 -
199Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
200Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
201Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 -
202Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 -
203Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
204Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
205Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
206Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 -
207Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
208 10:00 - EST 1981 Mar
209 10:30 LH LHST
210
211# Australian miscellany
212#
213# Ashmore Is, Cartier
214# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers
215# no times are set
216#
217# Coral Sea Is
218# no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists
219# no times are set
220#
221# Macquarie
222# permanent occupation (scientific station) since 1948;
223# sealing and penguin oil station operated 1888/1917
224# like Australia/Hobart
225
226# Christmas
227# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
228Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
229 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time
230
231# Cook Is
232# From Shanks & Pottenger:
233# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
234Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS
235Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
236Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS
237# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
238Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua
239 -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time
240 -10:00 Cook CK%sT
241
242# Cocos
243# These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978.
244# We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900.
245# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
246Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900
247 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time
248
249# Fiji
250# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10):
251# According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST
252# from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010.
253#
254# "Daylight savings to commence this month"
255# <a href="http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719">
256# http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719
257# </a>
258# or
259# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html">
260# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html
261# </a>
262
263# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10):
264# The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved
265# amendments:
266# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml">
267# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml
268# </a>
269
270# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03):
271# The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on
272# 2010-03-28 at 03:00.
273# The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March
274# 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?).
275#
276# Official source:
277# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166">
278# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166
279# </a>
280#
281# A bit more background info here:
282# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html">
283# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html
284# </a>
285
286# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24):
287# According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3
288# weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011...
289# Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands,
290# Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site:
291# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155">
292# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155
293# </a>
294# or
295# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html">
296# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html
297# </a>
298
299# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
300Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
301Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 -
302Rule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 S
303Rule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 -
304Rule Fiji 2010 only - Oct 24 2:00 1:00 S
305Rule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 -
306# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
307Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:53:40 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva
308 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time
309
310# French Polynesia
311# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
312Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea
313 -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time
314Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct
315 -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time
316Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete
317 -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time
318# Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia;
319# it is uninhabited.
320
321# Guam
322# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
323Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
324 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana
325 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam
326 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time
327
328# Kiribati
329# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
330Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki
331 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time
332Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901
333 -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time
334 -11:00 - PHOT 1995
335 13:00 - PHOT
336Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901
337 -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time
338 -10:00 - LINT 1995
339 14:00 - LINT
340
341# N Mariana Is
342# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
343Zone Pacific/Saipan -14:17:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
344 9:43:00 - LMT 1901
345 9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time
346 10:00 - MPT 2000 Dec 23
347 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time
348
349# Marshall Is
350# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
351Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901
352 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time
353 12:00 - MHT
354Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901
355 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct
356 -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time
357 12:00 - MHT
358
359# Micronesia
360# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
361Zone Pacific/Chuuk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901
362 10:00 - CHUT # Chuuk Time
363Zone Pacific/Pohnpei 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia
364 11:00 - PONT # Pohnpei Time
365Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901
366 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time
367 12:00 - KOST 1999
368 11:00 - KOST
369
370# Nauru
371# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
372Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe
373 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time
374 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15
375 11:30 - NRT 1979 May
376 12:00 - NRT
377
378# New Caledonia
379# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
380Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
381Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 -
382Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S
383# Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA.
384Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 -
385# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
386Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13
387 11:00 NC NC%sT
388
389
390###############################################################################
391
392# New Zealand
393
394# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
395Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S
396Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M
397Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S
398Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M
399Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M
400Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S
401Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S
402# Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no
403# convenient notation for this so we must duplicate the Rule lines.
404Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
405Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D
406Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S
407Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S
408Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
409Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D
410Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
411Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S
412Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D
413Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D
414Rule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
415Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D
416Rule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
417Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S
418Rule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
419Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D
420Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
421Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S
422# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
423Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2
424 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1
425 12:00 NZ NZ%sT
426Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1957 Jan 1
427 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT
428
429
430# Auckland Is
431# uninhabited; Maori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers,
432# and scientific personnel have wintered
433
434# Campbell I
435# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914
436# scientific station operated 1941/1995;
437# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered
438# was probably like Pacific/Auckland
439
440###############################################################################
441
442
443# Niue
444# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
445Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi
446 -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time
447 -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1
448 -11:00 - NUT
449
450# Norfolk
451# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
452Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston
453 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time
454 11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time
455
456# Palau (Belau)
457# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
458Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror
459 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time
460
461# Papua New Guinea
462# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
463Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880
464 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time
465 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time
466
467# Pitcairn
468# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
469Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown
470 -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 00:00
471 -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time
472
473# American Samoa
474Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5
475 -11:22:48 - LMT 1911
476 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time
477 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome
478 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering
479 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa
480
481# Samoa
482
483# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16):
484# We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received
485# the following info:
486#
487# "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year
488# commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first
489# Sunday of April 2011."
490#
491# Background info:
492# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html">
493# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html
494# </a>
495#
496# Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not
497# contain any dates:
498# <a href="http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf">
499# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf
500# </a>
501
502# From Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07):
503# Please see
504# <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws">
505# http://www.mcil.gov.ws
506# </a>,
507# the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday
508# September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight
509# to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks
510# backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am"
511
512Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5
513 -11:26:56 - LMT 1911
514 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time
515 -11:00 - WST 2010 Sep 26
516 -11:00 1:00 WSDT 2011 Apr 3 1:00
517 -11:00 - WST
518
519# Solomon Is
520# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea
521# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
522Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara
523 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time
524
525# Tokelau Is
526# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
527Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901
528 -10:00 - TKT # Tokelau Time
529
530# Tonga
531# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
532Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S
533Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 -
534Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
535Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 -
536# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
537Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901
538 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time
539 13:00 - TOT 1999
540 13:00 Tonga TO%sT
541
542# Tuvalu
543# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
544Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901
545 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time
546
547
548# US minor outlying islands
549
550# Howland, Baker
551# Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British
552# 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known.
553# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944;
554# uninhabited thereafter.
555# Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UTC-10:30) in 1937;
556# see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long,
557# Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000).
558# So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935
559# until they were abandoned after the war.
560
561# Jarvis
562# Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?.
563# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958;
564# uninhabited thereafter.
565# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati
566
567# Johnston
568# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
569Zone Pacific/Johnston -10:00 - HST
570
571# Kingman
572# uninhabited
573
574# Midway
575#
576# From Mark Brader (2005-01-23):
577# [Fallacies and Fantasies of Air Transport History, by R.E.G. Davies,
578# published 1994 by Paladwr Press, McLean, VA, USA; ISBN 0-9626483-5-3]
579# reproduced a Pan American Airways timeables from 1936, for their weekly
580# "Orient Express" flights between San Francisco and Manila, and connecting
581# flights to Chicago and the US East Coast. As it uses some time zone
582# designations that I've never seen before:....
583# Fri. 6:30A Lv. HONOLOLU (Pearl Harbor), H.I. H.L.T. Ar. 5:30P Sun.
584# " 3:00P Ar. MIDWAY ISLAND . . . . . . . . . M.L.T. Lv. 6:00A "
585#
586Zone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901
587 -11:00 - NST 1956 Jun 3
588 -11:00 1:00 NDT 1956 Sep 2
589 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome
590 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering
591 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa
592
593# Palmyra
594# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati
595
596# Wake
597# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
598Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901
599 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time
600
601
602# Vanuatu
603# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
604Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S
605Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 -
606Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S
607Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S
608Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 -
609Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S
610# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
611Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila
612 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time
613
614# Wallis and Futuna
615# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
616Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
617 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time
618
619###############################################################################
620
621# NOTES
622
623# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
624# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
625# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
626
627# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
628# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
629# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
630# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
631#
632# Gwillim Law writes that a good source
633# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
634# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
635# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
636# of the IATA's data after 1990.
637#
638# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
639# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
640#
641# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
642# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
643# I found in the UCLA library.
644#
645# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
646# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
647#
648# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
649# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
650# Corrections are welcome!
651# std dst
652# LMT Local Mean Time
653# 8:00 WST WST Western Australia
654# 8:45 CWST CWST Central Western Australia*
655# 9:00 JST Japan
656# 9:30 CST CST Central Australia
657# 10:00 EST EST Eastern Australia
658# 10:00 ChST Chamorro
659# 10:30 LHST LHST Lord Howe*
660# 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945
661# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present
662# 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham*
663# -11:00 SST Samoa
664# -10:00 HST Hawaii
665# - 8:00 PST Pitcairn*
666#
667# See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii.
668# See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is.
669
670###############################################################################
671
672# Australia
673
674# From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08):
675# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml">
676# Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia
677# </a> summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia.
678
679# From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12):
680# <a href="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving">
681# Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales
682# </a> covers New South Wales in particular.
683
684# From John Mackin (1991-03-06):
685# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time.
686# It is called `summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, `summer'
687# and `standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the
688# abbreviation does _not_ change...
689# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least
690# in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the
691# initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses
692# the phrase `summer time' and does not use the phrase `daylight
693# time'.
694# Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian
695# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases `Eastern Standard Time'
696# or `Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the
697# current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers
698# on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases
699# prefixed by the word `Australian' when referring to local times;
700# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC.
701
702# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
703# Given the above, what's chosen for year-round use is:
704# CST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 9:30
705# WST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00
706# EST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00
707
708# From Chuck Soper (2006-06-01):
709# I recently found this Australian government web page on time zones:
710# <http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia-13time>
711# And this government web page lists time zone names and abbreviations:
712# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml>
713
714# From Paul Eggert (2001-04-05), summarizing a long discussion about "EST"
715# versus "AEST" etc.:
716#
717# I see the following points of dispute:
718#
719# * How important are unique time zone abbreviations?
720#
721# Here I tend to agree with the point (most recently made by Chris
722# Newman) that unique abbreviations should not be essential for proper
723# operation of software. We have other instances of ambiguity
724# (e.g. "IST" denoting both "Israel Standard Time" and "Indian
725# Standard Time"), and they are not likely to go away any time soon.
726# In the old days, some software mistakenly relied on unique
727# abbreviations, but this is becoming less true with time, and I don't
728# think it's that important to cater to such software these days.
729#
730# On the other hand, there is another motivation for unambiguous
731# abbreviations: it cuts down on human confusion. This is
732# particularly true for Australia, where "EST" can mean one thing for
733# time T and a different thing for time T plus 1 second.
734#
735# * Does the relevant legislation indicate which abbreviations should be used?
736#
737# Here I tend to think that things are a mess, just as they are in
738# many other countries. We Americans are currently disagreeing about
739# which abbreviation to use for the newly legislated Chamorro Standard
740# Time, for example.
741#
742# Personally, I would prefer to use common practice; I would like to
743# refer to legislation only for examples of common practice, or as a
744# tiebreaker.
745#
746# * Do Australians more often use "Eastern Daylight Time" or "Eastern
747# Summer Time"? Do they typically prefix the time zone names with
748# the word "Australian"?
749#
750# My own impression is that both "Daylight Time" and "Summer Time" are
751# common and are widely understood, but that "Summer Time" is more
752# popular; and that the leading "A" is also common but is omitted more
753# often than not. I just used AltaVista advanced search and got the
754# following count of page hits:
755#
756# 1,103 "Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au
757# 971 "Australian Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au
758# 613 "Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au
759# 127 "Australian Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au
760#
761# Here "Summer" seems quite a bit more popular than "Daylight",
762# particularly when we know the time zone is Australian and not US,
763# say. The "Australian" prefix seems to be popular for Eastern Summer
764# Time, but unpopular for Eastern Daylight Time.
765#
766# For abbreviations, tools like AltaVista are less useful because of
767# ambiguity. Many hits are not really time zones, unfortunately, and
768# many hits denote US time zones and not Australian ones. But here
769# are the hit counts anyway:
770#
771# 161,304 "EST" and domain:au
772# 25,156 "EDT" and domain:au
773# 18,263 "AEST" and domain:au
774# 10,416 "AEDT" and domain:au
775#
776# 14,538 "CST" and domain:au
777# 5,728 "CDT" and domain:au
778# 176 "ACST" and domain:au
779# 29 "ACDT" and domain:au
780#
781# 7,539 "WST" and domain:au
782# 68 "AWST" and domain:au
783#
784# This data suggest that Australians tend to omit the "A" prefix in
785# practice. The situation for "ST" versus "DT" is less clear, given
786# the ambiguities involved.
787#
788# * How do Australians feel about the abbreviations in the tz database?
789#
790# If you just count Australians on this list, I count 2 in favor and 3
791# against. One of the "against" votes (David Keegel) counseled delay,
792# saying that both AEST/AEDT and EST/EST are widely used and
793# understood in Australia.
794
795# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
796# Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ.
797# Mark Prior writes that his newspaper
798# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00,
799# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970
800# and perhaps the newspaper's `2:00' is referring to standard time.
801# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960.
802
803# From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05):
804#
805# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable,
806# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more
807# relevant entries in this database.
808#
809# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill):
810# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html">
811# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04)
812# </a>
813# ACT
814# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html">
815# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972
816# </a>
817# SA
818# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html">
819# Standard Time Act, 1898
820# </a>
821
822# From David Grosz (2005-06-13):
823# It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by
824# one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games.
825# Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday
826# in April instead of the last Sunday in March.
827#
828# From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14):
829# I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan
830# to extend DST together in 2006.
831# ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt
832# New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html
833# South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html
834# Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772
835# Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles
836# allude to it.
837# But not Queensland
838# http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html.
839
840# Northern Territory
841
842# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
843# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ]
844# # [ Nov 1990 ]
845# # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location.
846# ...
847# Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST
848
849# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
850# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
851# the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving.
852
853# Western Australia
854
855# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
856# # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ]
857# # [ Nov 1990 ]
858# # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to
859# # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but
860# # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus
861# # before reaching parliament.
862# ...
863# Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST
864# ...
865# Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
866# Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W
867# Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
868# Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W
869
870# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
871# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
872# Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving.
873
874# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02):
875# Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney
876# rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at
877# work at 9.00am.)
878# W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse
879# everybody again.
880
881# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
882# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess;
883# it matches what was used in the past.
884
885# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm">
886# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ
887# </a> (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses
888# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia.
889
890# Queensland
891# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
892# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ]
893# # [ Dec 1990 ]
894# ...
895# Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST
896# ...
897# Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
898# Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E
899# Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
900# Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E
901
902# From Bradley White (1989-12-24):
903# "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from
904# October 1989).
905
906# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
907# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
908# ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving
909# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
910
911# From John Mackin (1991-03-06):
912# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact
913# end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised
914# me.)
915
916# From Bradley White (1992-03-08):
917# ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted
918# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ...
919# ...
920# Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
921# Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S
922# ...
923
924# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
925# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes.
926
927# From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning
928# from Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-11-01):
929# WA are trialing DST for three years.
930# <http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf>
931
932# From Rives McDow (2002-04-09):
933# The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the
934# southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western
935# Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The
936# residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so
937# much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the
938# international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South
939# Australia and Western Australia....
940#
941# From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09):
942# This is confirmed by the section entitled
943# "What's the deal with time zones???" in
944# <http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html>.
945#
946# From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07):
947# ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway,
948# which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern
949# coast of the continent.
950#
951# I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no
952# dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border
953# village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west
954# as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is
955# the largest population centre in this zone....
956#
957# Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the
958# question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I
959# just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have,
960# meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45.
961#
962# (2006-12-09):
963# I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving
964# in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis
965# of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well
966# before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago.
967
968# From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15):
969# For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the
970# introduction of standard time in 1895.
971
972
973# southeast Australia
974#
975# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
976# Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT
977# end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October.
978# http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html
979
980
981# South Australia
982
983# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
984# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
985# ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving
986# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
987
988# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
989# # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ]
990# # [ Nov 1990 ]
991# ...
992# Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST
993# ...
994# Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
995# Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C
996# Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C
997# Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C
998
999# From Bradley White (1992-03-11):
1000# Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide
1001# contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival,
1002# South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks."
1003
1004# From Robert Elz (1992-03-13):
1005# I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that)
1006# South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even
1007# numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival
1008# is on...
1009
1010# From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000):
1011# DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday)....
1012# But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever...
1013# (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...).
1014
1015# From Bradley White (1994-04-11):
1016# If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March,
1017# 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can
1018# only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated....
1019
1020# From John Warburton (1994-10-07):
1021# The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ...
1022# was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994....
1023# start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March.
1024
1025# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
1026# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
1027
1028# Tasmania
1029
1030# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd
1031# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1032# # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ]
1033# # [ Nov 1990 ]
1034
1035# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10):
1036# Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have
1037# 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia
1038# (but nothing new about that).
1039
1040# From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04):
1041# I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the
1042# (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard,
1043# has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria
1044# (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000
1045# instead of the first Sunday in October.
1046
1047# Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules:
1048# http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300
1049
1050# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
1051# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
1052
1053# Victoria
1054
1055# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd
1056# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1057# # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ]
1058# # [ Nov 1990 ]
1059
1060# From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29):
1061# On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an
1062# interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was
1063# discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar
1064# Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located
1065# in Melbourne, Australia.
1066#
1067# Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which
1068# illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day
1069# of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's
1070# fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time,
1071# you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the
1072# expected time.
1073#
1074# However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had
1075# to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of
1076# the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps
1077# someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more.
1078#
1079# [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html
1080# [2] http://www.shrine.org.au
1081
1082# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
1083# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
1084
1085# New South Wales
1086
1087# From Arthur David Olson:
1088# New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time.
1089# Based on law library research by John Mackin,
1090# who notes:
1091# In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the
1092# individual states. Thus, while such terms as ``Eastern Standard Time''
1093# [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common
1094# use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the
1095# legislation. This is very important to understand.
1096# I have researched New South Wales time only...
1097
1098# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26):
1099# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual
1100# October in 2000. [See: Matthew Moore,
1101# <a href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html">
1102# Two months more daylight saving
1103# </a>
1104# Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).]
1105
1106# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27):
1107# See the following official NSW source:
1108# <a href="http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ">
1109# Daylight Saving in New South Wales.
1110# </a>
1111#
1112# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of
1113# daylight saving next year. See:
1114# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm">
1115# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving
1116# </a> (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens.
1117#
1118# Victoria will following NSW. See:
1119# <a href="http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm">
1120# Vic to extend daylight saving
1121# </a> (1999-07-28).
1122#
1123# However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See:
1124# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm">
1125# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request
1126# </a> (1999-07-19).
1127#
1128# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See:
1129# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm">
1130# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics
1131# </a> (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying
1132# ``Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time
1133# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very
1134# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of
1135# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night.
1136# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules.''
1137#
1138# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See:
1139# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm">
1140# Broken Hill to be behind the times
1141# </a> (1999-07-21).
1142
1143# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian
1144# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken
1145# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics.
1146
1147# From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29:
1148# The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW
1149# towns to use Queensland time.
1150
1151# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
1152# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
1153
1154# Yancowinna
1155
1156# From John Mackin (1989-01-04):
1157# `Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna.
1158
1159# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1160# # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ]
1161# # [ Dec 1990 ]
1162# ...
1163# # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the
1164# # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings
1165# # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government
1166# # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have
1167# # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not
1168# # presently available.
1169# Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST
1170# ...
1171# Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1172# Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C
1173# [followed by other Rules]
1174
1175# Lord Howe Island
1176
1177# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1178# LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ]
1179# [ Dec 1990 ]
1180# Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an
1181# hour ahead of NSW time.
1182
1183# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27):
1184# Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same
1185# date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the
1186# Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is
1187# seeking the community's views on various options for summer time
1188# arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour
1189# instead of only 30 minutes. Dependant on the wishes of residents
1190# the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing
1191# arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will
1192# however always coincide with the rest of NSW.
1193
1194# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25):
1195# Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards
1196# clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently
1197# introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as
1198# shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start
1199# of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW.
1200
1201# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1202# For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and
1203# Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan.
1204
1205# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
1206# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
1207
1208# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28):
1209# According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight
1210# saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009
1211# summer (southern hemisphere).
1212#
1213# From
1214# <a href="http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf">
1215# http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf
1216# </a>
1217# The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling
1218# for over the last year is now set to be ongoing.
1219# Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each
1220# year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year.
1221# Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia
1222# with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and
1223# the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year...
1224#
1225# We have a wrap-up here:
1226# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html">
1227# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html
1228# </a>
1229###############################################################################
1230
1231# New Zealand
1232
1233# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03):
1234# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period.
1235# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for
1236# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start).
1237# source -- phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office.
1238
1239# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1240# # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that!
1241# # or is Australia the west island of N.Z.
1242# # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ]
1243# # [ Nov 1990 ]
1244# ...
1245# Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1246# Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1247# Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S
1248# Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S
1249# ...
1250# Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand
1251# Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island
1252
1253# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
1254# The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989
1255# rather than the October 1 value.
1256
1257# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19);
1258# Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ.
1259# Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight
1260# Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard
1261# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March.
1262# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00.
1263#
1264# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1265# The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history,
1266# as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references.
1267# Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger.
1268#
1269# For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with
1270# transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham
1271# is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland.
1272
1273# From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30):
1274# DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the
1275# first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning
1276# that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06.
1277# http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended
1278
1279###############################################################################
1280
1281
1282# Fiji
1283
1284# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji
1285# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time
1286# instead of the American system (which was one day behind).
1287
1288# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08):
1289# Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01
1290# until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will
1291# be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February.
1292
1293# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08):
1294# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow.
1295
1296# From the BBC World Service (1998-10-31 11:32 UTC):
1297# The Fijiian government says the main reasons for the time change is to
1298# improve productivity and reduce road accidents. But correspondents say it
1299# also hopes the move will boost Fiji's ability to compete with other pacific
1300# islands in the effort to attract tourists to witness the dawning of the new
1301# millenium.
1302
1303# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13)
1304# reports that Fiji has discontinued DST.
1305
1306# Johnston
1307
1308# Johnston data is from usno1995.
1309
1310
1311# Kiribati
1312
1313# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
1314# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati
1315# ``declared it the same day throught the country as of Jan. 1, 1995''
1316# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century.
1317
1318
1319# Kwajalein
1320
1321# In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes:
1322# I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday,
1323# 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with
1324# respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands,
1325# going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink.
1326
1327
1328# N Mariana Is, Guam
1329
1330# Howse writes (p 153) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the
1331# Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones
1332# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time.
1333# For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines;
1334# see Asia/Manila.
1335
1336# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time,
1337# under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation,
1338# but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law,
1339# wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST".
1340
1341
1342# Micronesia
1343
1344# Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16),
1345# ``I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that "Truk"
1346# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10.''
1347#
1348# Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11
1349# on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now.
1350
1351# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
1352# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in
1353# <a href="http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html">
1354# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information
1355# </a> (1999-01-26)
1356# that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11.
1357# We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now.
1358
1359
1360# Midway
1361
1362# From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956),
1363# quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection
1364# <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31):
1365# For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight
1366# Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning,
1367# your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956
1368# we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to
1369# air at 6am your time.
1370#
1371# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23):
1372# We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they
1373# started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years
1374# in Midway, but we have no record of it.
1375
1376
1377# Pitcairn
1378
1379# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08):
1380# A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998
1381# with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows.
1382#
1383# The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be
1384# Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known
1385# as Pitcairn Standard Time.
1386#
1387# ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several
1388# references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation
1389# somehow in light of this proclamation.
1390
1391# From Rives McDow (1999-11-09):
1392# The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998
1393# ... at midnight.
1394
1395# From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave:
1396# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as
1397# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in
1398# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago.
1399
1400
1401# Samoa
1402
1403# Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald)
1404# that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change
1405# ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system,
1406# ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that
1407# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.''
1408
1409
1410# Tonga
1411
1412# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
1413# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting
1414# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.''
1415# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do.
1416
1417# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle
1418# <a href="http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm">
1419# How Tonga became `The Land where Time Begins'
1420# </a>:
1421
1422# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST
1423# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its
1424# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its
1425# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of
1426# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees
1427# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time).
1428#
1429# Because His Majesty King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince
1430# Tungi, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time
1431# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change.
1432#
1433# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer
1434# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40
1435# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40
1436# minutes we have lost?"
1437#
1438# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that
1439# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth
1440# to say your prayers in the morning."
1441
1442# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1443# Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell.
1444
1445# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03):
1446# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millenium
1447# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front.
1448# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from
1449# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan
1450# Government.
1451
1452# From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
1453# * Tonga will introduce DST in November
1454#
1455# I was given this link by John Letts:
1456# <a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm">
1457# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm
1458# </a>
1459#
1460# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November
1461# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead
1462# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead
1463# (12 + 1 hour DST).
1464
1465# From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20):
1466# According to <a href="http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html">
1467# http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html
1468# </a>:
1469# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000
1470# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the
1471# third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on
1472# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and
1473# set back an hour on the closing date."
1474# Alas, no indication of the time of day.
1475
1476# From Rives McDow (1999-10-06):
1477# Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am.
1478# Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning.
1479
1480# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31):
1481# Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com
1482# that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19
1483# instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article
1484# is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the
1485# text, and I have forgotten to report it here.
1486# (Original URL was: http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm )
1487
1488# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01):
1489# Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27.
1490
1491# From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow:
1492# At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom
1493# shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday
1494# of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one
1495# hour to 1:00am.
1496
1497# From Pulu 'Anau (2002-11-05):
1498# The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't.
1499
1500
1501# Wake
1502
1503# From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup,
1504# US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02):
1505#
1506# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] -- ... The time was all the
1507# more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the
1508# International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we
1509# discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time
1510# making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost
1511# impossible.
1512#
1513# http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm
1514
1515# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23):
1516# We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now.
1517
1518###############################################################################
1519
1520# The International Date Line
1521
1522# From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03):
1523#
1524# The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard,
1525# convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please.
1526# Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on
1527# the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there.
1528#
1529# When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and
1530# Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL
1531# to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most
1532# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line
1533# has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific
1534# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international
1535# convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is
1536# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some
1537# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not
1538# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the
1539# correct date is ambiguous.
1540
1541# From Wikipedia <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31):
1542# Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting
1543# their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's
1544# speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's
1545# meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the
1546# Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all
1547# ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones
1548# on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any
1549# nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted
1550# to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's
1551# entry into another zone time--he often chose midnight. These zones were
1552# adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many
1553# independent merchant ships until World War II.
1554
1555# From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen
1556# (2005-03-20):
1557#
1558# The American Practical Navigator (2002)
1559# <http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187>
1560# talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in
1561# international waters; it ignores the international date line.
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