494 -11:00 1:00 WSDT 2011 Apr 3
495 -11:00 - WST
496
497# Solomon Is
498# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea
499# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
500Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara
501 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time
502
503# Tokelau Is
504# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
505Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901
506 -10:00 - TKT # Tokelau Time
507
508# Tonga
509# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
510Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S
511Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 -
512Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
513Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 -
514# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
515Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901
516 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time
517 13:00 - TOT 1999
518 13:00 Tonga TO%sT
519
520# Tuvalu
521# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
522Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901
523 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time
524
525
526# US minor outlying islands
527
528# Howland, Baker
529# Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British
530# 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known.
531# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944;
532# uninhabited thereafter.
533# Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UTC-10:30) in 1937;
534# see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long,
535# Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000).
536# So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935
537# until they were abandoned after the war.
538
539# Jarvis
540# Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?.
541# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958;
542# uninhabited thereafter.
543# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati
544
545# Johnston
546# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
547Zone Pacific/Johnston -10:00 - HST
548
549# Kingman
550# uninhabited
551
552# Midway
553#
554# From Mark Brader (2005-01-23):
555# [Fallacies and Fantasies of Air Transport History, by R.E.G. Davies,
556# published 1994 by Paladwr Press, McLean, VA, USA; ISBN 0-9626483-5-3]
557# reproduced a Pan American Airways timeables from 1936, for their weekly
558# "Orient Express" flights between San Francisco and Manila, and connecting
559# flights to Chicago and the US East Coast. As it uses some time zone
560# designations that I've never seen before:....
561# Fri. 6:30A Lv. HONOLOLU (Pearl Harbor), H.I. H.L.T. Ar. 5:30P Sun.
562# " 3:00P Ar. MIDWAY ISLAND . . . . . . . . . M.L.T. Lv. 6:00A "
563#
564Zone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901
565 -11:00 - NST 1956 Jun 3
566 -11:00 1:00 NDT 1956 Sep 2
567 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome
568 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering
569 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa
570
571# Palmyra
572# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati
573
574# Wake
575# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
576Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901
577 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time
578
579
580# Vanuatu
581# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
582Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S
583Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 -
584Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S
585Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S
586Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 -
587Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S
588# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
589Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila
590 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time
591
592# Wallis and Futuna
593# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
594Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
595 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time
596
597###############################################################################
598
599# NOTES
600
601# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
602# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
603# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
604
605# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
606# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
607# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
608# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
609#
610# Gwillim Law writes that a good source
611# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
612# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
613# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
614# of the IATA's data after 1990.
615#
616# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
617# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
618#
619# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
620# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
621# I found in the UCLA library.
622#
623# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
624# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
625#
626# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
627# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
628# Corrections are welcome!
629# std dst
630# LMT Local Mean Time
631# 8:00 WST WST Western Australia
632# 8:45 CWST CWST Central Western Australia*
633# 9:00 JST Japan
634# 9:30 CST CST Central Australia
635# 10:00 EST EST Eastern Australia
636# 10:00 ChST Chamorro
637# 10:30 LHST LHST Lord Howe*
638# 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945
639# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present
640# 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham*
641# -11:00 SST Samoa
642# -10:00 HST Hawaii
643# - 8:00 PST Pitcairn*
644#
645# See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii.
646# See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is.
647
648###############################################################################
649
650# Australia
651
652# From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08):
653# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml">
654# Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia
655# </a> summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia.
656
657# From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12):
658# <a href="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving">
659# Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales
660# </a> covers New South Wales in particular.
661
662# From John Mackin (1991-03-06):
663# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time.
664# It is called `summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, `summer'
665# and `standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the
666# abbreviation does _not_ change...
667# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least
668# in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the
669# initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses
670# the phrase `summer time' and does not use the phrase `daylight
671# time'.
672# Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian
673# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases `Eastern Standard Time'
674# or `Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the
675# current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers
676# on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases
677# prefixed by the word `Australian' when referring to local times;
678# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC.
679
680# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
681# Given the above, what's chosen for year-round use is:
682# CST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 9:30
683# WST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00
684# EST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00
685
686# From Chuck Soper (2006-06-01):
687# I recently found this Australian government web page on time zones:
688# <http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia-13time>
689# And this government web page lists time zone names and abbreviations:
690# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml>
691
692# From Paul Eggert (2001-04-05), summarizing a long discussion about "EST"
693# versus "AEST" etc.:
694#
695# I see the following points of dispute:
696#
697# * How important are unique time zone abbreviations?
698#
699# Here I tend to agree with the point (most recently made by Chris
700# Newman) that unique abbreviations should not be essential for proper
701# operation of software. We have other instances of ambiguity
702# (e.g. "IST" denoting both "Israel Standard Time" and "Indian
703# Standard Time"), and they are not likely to go away any time soon.
704# In the old days, some software mistakenly relied on unique
705# abbreviations, but this is becoming less true with time, and I don't
706# think it's that important to cater to such software these days.
707#
708# On the other hand, there is another motivation for unambiguous
709# abbreviations: it cuts down on human confusion. This is
710# particularly true for Australia, where "EST" can mean one thing for
711# time T and a different thing for time T plus 1 second.
712#
713# * Does the relevant legislation indicate which abbreviations should be used?
714#
715# Here I tend to think that things are a mess, just as they are in
716# many other countries. We Americans are currently disagreeing about
717# which abbreviation to use for the newly legislated Chamorro Standard
718# Time, for example.
719#
720# Personally, I would prefer to use common practice; I would like to
721# refer to legislation only for examples of common practice, or as a
722# tiebreaker.
723#
724# * Do Australians more often use "Eastern Daylight Time" or "Eastern
725# Summer Time"? Do they typically prefix the time zone names with
726# the word "Australian"?
727#
728# My own impression is that both "Daylight Time" and "Summer Time" are
729# common and are widely understood, but that "Summer Time" is more
730# popular; and that the leading "A" is also common but is omitted more
731# often than not. I just used AltaVista advanced search and got the
732# following count of page hits:
733#
734# 1,103 "Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au
735# 971 "Australian Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au
736# 613 "Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au
737# 127 "Australian Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au
738#
739# Here "Summer" seems quite a bit more popular than "Daylight",
740# particularly when we know the time zone is Australian and not US,
741# say. The "Australian" prefix seems to be popular for Eastern Summer
742# Time, but unpopular for Eastern Daylight Time.
743#
744# For abbreviations, tools like AltaVista are less useful because of
745# ambiguity. Many hits are not really time zones, unfortunately, and
746# many hits denote US time zones and not Australian ones. But here
747# are the hit counts anyway:
748#
749# 161,304 "EST" and domain:au
750# 25,156 "EDT" and domain:au
751# 18,263 "AEST" and domain:au
752# 10,416 "AEDT" and domain:au
753#
754# 14,538 "CST" and domain:au
755# 5,728 "CDT" and domain:au
756# 176 "ACST" and domain:au
757# 29 "ACDT" and domain:au
758#
759# 7,539 "WST" and domain:au
760# 68 "AWST" and domain:au
761#
762# This data suggest that Australians tend to omit the "A" prefix in
763# practice. The situation for "ST" versus "DT" is less clear, given
764# the ambiguities involved.
765#
766# * How do Australians feel about the abbreviations in the tz database?
767#
768# If you just count Australians on this list, I count 2 in favor and 3
769# against. One of the "against" votes (David Keegel) counseled delay,
770# saying that both AEST/AEDT and EST/EST are widely used and
771# understood in Australia.
772
773# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
774# Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ.
775# Mark Prior writes that his newspaper
776# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00,
777# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970
778# and perhaps the newspaper's `2:00' is referring to standard time.
779# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960.
780
781# From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05):
782#
783# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable,
784# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more
785# relevant entries in this database.
786#
787# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill):
788# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html">
789# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04)
790# </a>
791# ACT
792# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html">
793# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972
794# </a>
795# SA
796# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html">
797# Standard Time Act, 1898
798# </a>
799
800# From David Grosz (2005-06-13):
801# It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by
802# one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games.
803# Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday
804# in April instead of the last Sunday in March.
805#
806# From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14):
807# I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan
808# to extend DST together in 2006.
809# ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt
810# New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html
811# South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html
812# Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772
813# Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles
814# allude to it.
815# But not Queensland
816# http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html.
817
818# Northern Territory
819
820# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
821# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ]
822# # [ Nov 1990 ]
823# # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location.
824# ...
825# Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST
826
827# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
828# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
829# the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving.
830
831# Western Australia
832
833# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
834# # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ]
835# # [ Nov 1990 ]
836# # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to
837# # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but
838# # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus
839# # before reaching parliament.
840# ...
841# Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST
842# ...
843# Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
844# Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W
845# Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
846# Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W
847
848# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
849# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
850# Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving.
851
852# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02):
853# Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney
854# rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at
855# work at 9.00am.)
856# W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse
857# everybody again.
858
859# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
860# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess;
861# it matches what was used in the past.
862
863# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm">
864# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ
865# </a> (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses
866# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia.
867
868# Queensland
869# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
870# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ]
871# # [ Dec 1990 ]
872# ...
873# Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST
874# ...
875# Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
876# Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E
877# Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
878# Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E
879
880# From Bradley White (1989-12-24):
881# "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from
882# October 1989).
883
884# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
885# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
886# ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving
887# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
888
889# From John Mackin (1991-03-06):
890# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact
891# end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised
892# me.)
893
894# From Bradley White (1992-03-08):
895# ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted
896# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ...
897# ...
898# Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
899# Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S
900# ...
901
902# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
903# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes.
904
905# From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning
906# from Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-11-01):
907# WA are trialing DST for three years.
908# <http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf>
909
910# From Rives McDow (2002-04-09):
911# The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the
912# southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western
913# Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The
914# residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so
915# much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the
916# international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South
917# Australia and Western Australia....
918#
919# From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09):
920# This is confirmed by the section entitled
921# "What's the deal with time zones???" in
922# <http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html>.
923#
924# From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07):
925# ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway,
926# which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern
927# coast of the continent.
928#
929# I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no
930# dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border
931# village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west
932# as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is
933# the largest population centre in this zone....
934#
935# Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the
936# question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I
937# just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have,
938# meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45.
939#
940# (2006-12-09):
941# I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving
942# in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis
943# of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well
944# before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago.
945
946# From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15):
947# For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the
948# introduction of standard time in 1895.
949
950
951# southeast Australia
952#
953# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
954# Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT
955# end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October.
956# http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html
957
958
959# South Australia
960
961# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
962# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
963# ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving
964# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
965
966# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
967# # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ]
968# # [ Nov 1990 ]
969# ...
970# Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST
971# ...
972# Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
973# Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C
974# Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C
975# Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C
976
977# From Bradley White (1992-03-11):
978# Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide
979# contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival,
980# South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks."
981
982# From Robert Elz (1992-03-13):
983# I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that)
984# South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even
985# numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival
986# is on...
987
988# From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000):
989# DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday)....
990# But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever...
991# (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...).
992
993# From Bradley White (1994-04-11):
994# If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March,
995# 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can
996# only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated....
997
998# From John Warburton (1994-10-07):
999# The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ...
1000# was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994....
1001# start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March.
1002
1003# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
1004# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
1005
1006# Tasmania
1007
1008# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd
1009# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1010# # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ]
1011# # [ Nov 1990 ]
1012
1013# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10):
1014# Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have
1015# 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia
1016# (but nothing new about that).
1017
1018# From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04):
1019# I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the
1020# (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard,
1021# has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria
1022# (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000
1023# instead of the first Sunday in October.
1024
1025# Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules:
1026# http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300
1027
1028# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
1029# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
1030
1031# Victoria
1032
1033# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd
1034# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1035# # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ]
1036# # [ Nov 1990 ]
1037
1038# From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29):
1039# On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an
1040# interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was
1041# discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar
1042# Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located
1043# in Melbourne, Australia.
1044#
1045# Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which
1046# illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day
1047# of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's
1048# fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time,
1049# you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the
1050# expected time.
1051#
1052# However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had
1053# to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of
1054# the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps
1055# someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more.
1056#
1057# [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html
1058# [2] http://www.shrine.org.au
1059
1060# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
1061# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
1062
1063# New South Wales
1064
1065# From Arthur David Olson:
1066# New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time.
1067# Based on law library research by John Mackin,
1068# who notes:
1069# In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the
1070# individual states. Thus, while such terms as ``Eastern Standard Time''
1071# [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common
1072# use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the
1073# legislation. This is very important to understand.
1074# I have researched New South Wales time only...
1075
1076# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26):
1077# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual
1078# October in 2000. [See: Matthew Moore,
1079# <a href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html">
1080# Two months more daylight saving
1081# </a>
1082# Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).]
1083
1084# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27):
1085# See the following official NSW source:
1086# <a href="http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ">
1087# Daylight Saving in New South Wales.
1088# </a>
1089#
1090# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of
1091# daylight saving next year. See:
1092# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm">
1093# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving
1094# </a> (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens.
1095#
1096# Victoria will following NSW. See:
1097# <a href="http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm">
1098# Vic to extend daylight saving
1099# </a> (1999-07-28).
1100#
1101# However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See:
1102# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm">
1103# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request
1104# </a> (1999-07-19).
1105#
1106# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See:
1107# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm">
1108# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics
1109# </a> (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying
1110# ``Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time
1111# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very
1112# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of
1113# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night.
1114# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules.''
1115#
1116# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See:
1117# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm">
1118# Broken Hill to be behind the times
1119# </a> (1999-07-21).
1120
1121# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian
1122# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken
1123# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics.
1124
1125# From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29:
1126# The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW
1127# towns to use Queensland time.
1128
1129# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
1130# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
1131
1132# Yancowinna
1133
1134# From John Mackin (1989-01-04):
1135# `Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna.
1136
1137# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1138# # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ]
1139# # [ Dec 1990 ]
1140# ...
1141# # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the
1142# # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings
1143# # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government
1144# # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have
1145# # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not
1146# # presently available.
1147# Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST
1148# ...
1149# Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1150# Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C
1151# [followed by other Rules]
1152
1153# Lord Howe Island
1154
1155# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1156# LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ]
1157# [ Dec 1990 ]
1158# Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an
1159# hour ahead of NSW time.
1160
1161# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27):
1162# Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same
1163# date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the
1164# Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is
1165# seeking the community's views on various options for summer time
1166# arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour
1167# instead of only 30 minutes. Dependant on the wishes of residents
1168# the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing
1169# arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will
1170# however always coincide with the rest of NSW.
1171
1172# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25):
1173# Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards
1174# clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently
1175# introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as
1176# shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start
1177# of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW.
1178
1179# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1180# For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and
1181# Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan.
1182
1183# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
1184# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
1185
1186# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28):
1187# According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight
1188# saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009
1189# summer (southern hemisphere).
1190#
1191# From
1192# <a href="http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf">
1193# http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf
1194# </a>
1195# The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling
1196# for over the last year is now set to be ongoing.
1197# Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each
1198# year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year.
1199# Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia
1200# with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and
1201# the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year...
1202#
1203# We have a wrap-up here:
1204# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html">
1205# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html
1206# </a>
1207###############################################################################
1208
1209# New Zealand
1210
1211# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03):
1212# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period.
1213# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for
1214# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start).
1215# source -- phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office.
1216
1217# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1218# # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that!
1219# # or is Australia the west island of N.Z.
1220# # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ]
1221# # [ Nov 1990 ]
1222# ...
1223# Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1224# Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1225# Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S
1226# Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S
1227# ...
1228# Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand
1229# Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island
1230
1231# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
1232# The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989
1233# rather than the October 1 value.
1234
1235# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19);
1236# Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ.
1237# Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight
1238# Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard
1239# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March.
1240# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00.
1241#
1242# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1243# The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history,
1244# as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references.
1245# Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger.
1246#
1247# For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with
1248# transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham
1249# is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland.
1250
1251# From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30):
1252# DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the
1253# first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning
1254# that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06.
1255# http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended
1256
1257###############################################################################
1258
1259
1260# Fiji
1261
1262# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji
1263# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time
1264# instead of the American system (which was one day behind).
1265
1266# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08):
1267# Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01
1268# until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will
1269# be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February.
1270
1271# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08):
1272# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow.
1273
1274# From the BBC World Service (1998-10-31 11:32 UTC):
1275# The Fijiian government says the main reasons for the time change is to
1276# improve productivity and reduce road accidents. But correspondents say it
1277# also hopes the move will boost Fiji's ability to compete with other pacific
1278# islands in the effort to attract tourists to witness the dawning of the new
1279# millenium.
1280
1281# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13)
1282# reports that Fiji has discontinued DST.
1283
1284# Johnston
1285
1286# Johnston data is from usno1995.
1287
1288
1289# Kiribati
1290
1291# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
1292# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati
1293# ``declared it the same day throught the country as of Jan. 1, 1995''
1294# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century.
1295
1296
1297# Kwajalein
1298
1299# In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes:
1300# I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday,
1301# 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with
1302# respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands,
1303# going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink.
1304
1305
1306# N Mariana Is, Guam
1307
1308# Howse writes (p 153) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the
1309# Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones
1310# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time.
1311# For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines;
1312# see Asia/Manila.
1313
1314# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time,
1315# under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation,
1316# but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law,
1317# wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST".
1318
1319
1320# Micronesia
1321
1322# Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16),
1323# ``I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that "Truk"
1324# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10.''
1325#
1326# Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11
1327# on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now.
1328
1329# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
1330# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in
1331# <a href="http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html">
1332# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information
1333# </a> (1999-01-26)
1334# that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11.
1335# We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now.
1336
1337
1338# Midway
1339
1340# From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956),
1341# quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection
1342# <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31):
1343# For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight
1344# Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning,
1345# your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956
1346# we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to
1347# air at 6am your time.
1348#
1349# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23):
1350# We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they
1351# started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years
1352# in Midway, but we have no record of it.
1353
1354
1355# Pitcairn
1356
1357# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08):
1358# A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998
1359# with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows.
1360#
1361# The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be
1362# Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known
1363# as Pitcairn Standard Time.
1364#
1365# ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several
1366# references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation
1367# somehow in light of this proclamation.
1368
1369# From Rives McDow (1999-11-09):
1370# The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998
1371# ... at midnight.
1372
1373# From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave:
1374# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as
1375# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in
1376# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago.
1377
1378
1379# Samoa
1380
1381# Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald)
1382# that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change
1383# ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system,
1384# ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that
1385# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.''
1386
1387
1388# Tonga
1389
1390# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
1391# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting
1392# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.''
1393# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do.
1394
1395# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle
1396# <a href="http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm">
1397# How Tonga became `The Land where Time Begins'
1398# </a>:
1399
1400# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST
1401# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its
1402# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its
1403# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of
1404# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees
1405# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time).
1406#
1407# Because His Majesty King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince
1408# Tungi, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time
1409# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change.
1410#
1411# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer
1412# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40
1413# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40
1414# minutes we have lost?"
1415#
1416# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that
1417# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth
1418# to say your prayers in the morning."
1419
1420# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1421# Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell.
1422
1423# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03):
1424# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millenium
1425# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front.
1426# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from
1427# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan
1428# Government.
1429
1430# From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
1431# * Tonga will introduce DST in November
1432#
1433# I was given this link by John Letts:
1434# <a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm">
1435# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm
1436# </a>
1437#
1438# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November
1439# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead
1440# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead
1441# (12 + 1 hour DST).
1442
1443# From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20):
1444# According to <a href="http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html">
1445# http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html
1446# </a>:
1447# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000
1448# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the
1449# third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on
1450# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and
1451# set back an hour on the closing date."
1452# Alas, no indication of the time of day.
1453
1454# From Rives McDow (1999-10-06):
1455# Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am.
1456# Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning.
1457
1458# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31):
1459# Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com
1460# that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19
1461# instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article
1462# is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the
1463# text, and I have forgotten to report it here.
1464# (Original URL was: http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm )
1465
1466# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01):
1467# Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27.
1468
1469# From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow:
1470# At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom
1471# shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday
1472# of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one
1473# hour to 1:00am.
1474
1475# From Pulu 'Anau (2002-11-05):
1476# The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't.
1477
1478
1479# Wake
1480
1481# From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup,
1482# US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02):
1483#
1484# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] -- ... The time was all the
1485# more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the
1486# International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we
1487# discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time
1488# making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost
1489# impossible.
1490#
1491# http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm
1492
1493# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23):
1494# We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now.
1495
1496###############################################################################
1497
1498# The International Date Line
1499
1500# From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03):
1501#
1502# The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard,
1503# convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please.
1504# Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on
1505# the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there.
1506#
1507# When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and
1508# Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL
1509# to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most
1510# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line
1511# has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific
1512# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international
1513# convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is
1514# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some
1515# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not
1516# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the
1517# correct date is ambiguous.
1518
1519# From Wikipedia <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31):
1520# Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting
1521# their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's
1522# speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's
1523# meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the
1524# Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all
1525# ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones
1526# on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any
1527# nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted
1528# to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's
1529# entry into another zone time--he often chose midnight. These zones were
1530# adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many
1531# independent merchant ships until World War II.
1532
1533# From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen
1534# (2005-03-20):
1535#
1536# The American Practical Navigator (2002)
1537# <http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187>
1538# talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in
1539# international waters; it ignores the international date line.
| 494 -11:00 1:00 WSDT 2011 Apr 3
495 -11:00 - WST
496
497# Solomon Is
498# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea
499# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
500Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara
501 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time
502
503# Tokelau Is
504# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
505Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901
506 -10:00 - TKT # Tokelau Time
507
508# Tonga
509# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
510Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S
511Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 -
512Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
513Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 -
514# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
515Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901
516 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time
517 13:00 - TOT 1999
518 13:00 Tonga TO%sT
519
520# Tuvalu
521# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
522Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901
523 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time
524
525
526# US minor outlying islands
527
528# Howland, Baker
529# Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British
530# 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known.
531# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944;
532# uninhabited thereafter.
533# Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UTC-10:30) in 1937;
534# see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long,
535# Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000).
536# So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935
537# until they were abandoned after the war.
538
539# Jarvis
540# Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?.
541# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958;
542# uninhabited thereafter.
543# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati
544
545# Johnston
546# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
547Zone Pacific/Johnston -10:00 - HST
548
549# Kingman
550# uninhabited
551
552# Midway
553#
554# From Mark Brader (2005-01-23):
555# [Fallacies and Fantasies of Air Transport History, by R.E.G. Davies,
556# published 1994 by Paladwr Press, McLean, VA, USA; ISBN 0-9626483-5-3]
557# reproduced a Pan American Airways timeables from 1936, for their weekly
558# "Orient Express" flights between San Francisco and Manila, and connecting
559# flights to Chicago and the US East Coast. As it uses some time zone
560# designations that I've never seen before:....
561# Fri. 6:30A Lv. HONOLOLU (Pearl Harbor), H.I. H.L.T. Ar. 5:30P Sun.
562# " 3:00P Ar. MIDWAY ISLAND . . . . . . . . . M.L.T. Lv. 6:00A "
563#
564Zone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901
565 -11:00 - NST 1956 Jun 3
566 -11:00 1:00 NDT 1956 Sep 2
567 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome
568 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering
569 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa
570
571# Palmyra
572# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati
573
574# Wake
575# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
576Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901
577 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time
578
579
580# Vanuatu
581# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
582Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S
583Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 -
584Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S
585Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S
586Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 -
587Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S
588# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
589Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila
590 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time
591
592# Wallis and Futuna
593# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
594Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
595 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time
596
597###############################################################################
598
599# NOTES
600
601# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
602# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
603# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
604
605# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
606# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
607# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
608# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
609#
610# Gwillim Law writes that a good source
611# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
612# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
613# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
614# of the IATA's data after 1990.
615#
616# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
617# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
618#
619# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
620# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
621# I found in the UCLA library.
622#
623# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
624# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
625#
626# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
627# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
628# Corrections are welcome!
629# std dst
630# LMT Local Mean Time
631# 8:00 WST WST Western Australia
632# 8:45 CWST CWST Central Western Australia*
633# 9:00 JST Japan
634# 9:30 CST CST Central Australia
635# 10:00 EST EST Eastern Australia
636# 10:00 ChST Chamorro
637# 10:30 LHST LHST Lord Howe*
638# 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945
639# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present
640# 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham*
641# -11:00 SST Samoa
642# -10:00 HST Hawaii
643# - 8:00 PST Pitcairn*
644#
645# See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii.
646# See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is.
647
648###############################################################################
649
650# Australia
651
652# From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08):
653# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml">
654# Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia
655# </a> summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia.
656
657# From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12):
658# <a href="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving">
659# Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales
660# </a> covers New South Wales in particular.
661
662# From John Mackin (1991-03-06):
663# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time.
664# It is called `summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, `summer'
665# and `standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the
666# abbreviation does _not_ change...
667# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least
668# in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the
669# initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses
670# the phrase `summer time' and does not use the phrase `daylight
671# time'.
672# Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian
673# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases `Eastern Standard Time'
674# or `Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the
675# current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers
676# on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases
677# prefixed by the word `Australian' when referring to local times;
678# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC.
679
680# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
681# Given the above, what's chosen for year-round use is:
682# CST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 9:30
683# WST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00
684# EST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00
685
686# From Chuck Soper (2006-06-01):
687# I recently found this Australian government web page on time zones:
688# <http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia-13time>
689# And this government web page lists time zone names and abbreviations:
690# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml>
691
692# From Paul Eggert (2001-04-05), summarizing a long discussion about "EST"
693# versus "AEST" etc.:
694#
695# I see the following points of dispute:
696#
697# * How important are unique time zone abbreviations?
698#
699# Here I tend to agree with the point (most recently made by Chris
700# Newman) that unique abbreviations should not be essential for proper
701# operation of software. We have other instances of ambiguity
702# (e.g. "IST" denoting both "Israel Standard Time" and "Indian
703# Standard Time"), and they are not likely to go away any time soon.
704# In the old days, some software mistakenly relied on unique
705# abbreviations, but this is becoming less true with time, and I don't
706# think it's that important to cater to such software these days.
707#
708# On the other hand, there is another motivation for unambiguous
709# abbreviations: it cuts down on human confusion. This is
710# particularly true for Australia, where "EST" can mean one thing for
711# time T and a different thing for time T plus 1 second.
712#
713# * Does the relevant legislation indicate which abbreviations should be used?
714#
715# Here I tend to think that things are a mess, just as they are in
716# many other countries. We Americans are currently disagreeing about
717# which abbreviation to use for the newly legislated Chamorro Standard
718# Time, for example.
719#
720# Personally, I would prefer to use common practice; I would like to
721# refer to legislation only for examples of common practice, or as a
722# tiebreaker.
723#
724# * Do Australians more often use "Eastern Daylight Time" or "Eastern
725# Summer Time"? Do they typically prefix the time zone names with
726# the word "Australian"?
727#
728# My own impression is that both "Daylight Time" and "Summer Time" are
729# common and are widely understood, but that "Summer Time" is more
730# popular; and that the leading "A" is also common but is omitted more
731# often than not. I just used AltaVista advanced search and got the
732# following count of page hits:
733#
734# 1,103 "Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au
735# 971 "Australian Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au
736# 613 "Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au
737# 127 "Australian Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au
738#
739# Here "Summer" seems quite a bit more popular than "Daylight",
740# particularly when we know the time zone is Australian and not US,
741# say. The "Australian" prefix seems to be popular for Eastern Summer
742# Time, but unpopular for Eastern Daylight Time.
743#
744# For abbreviations, tools like AltaVista are less useful because of
745# ambiguity. Many hits are not really time zones, unfortunately, and
746# many hits denote US time zones and not Australian ones. But here
747# are the hit counts anyway:
748#
749# 161,304 "EST" and domain:au
750# 25,156 "EDT" and domain:au
751# 18,263 "AEST" and domain:au
752# 10,416 "AEDT" and domain:au
753#
754# 14,538 "CST" and domain:au
755# 5,728 "CDT" and domain:au
756# 176 "ACST" and domain:au
757# 29 "ACDT" and domain:au
758#
759# 7,539 "WST" and domain:au
760# 68 "AWST" and domain:au
761#
762# This data suggest that Australians tend to omit the "A" prefix in
763# practice. The situation for "ST" versus "DT" is less clear, given
764# the ambiguities involved.
765#
766# * How do Australians feel about the abbreviations in the tz database?
767#
768# If you just count Australians on this list, I count 2 in favor and 3
769# against. One of the "against" votes (David Keegel) counseled delay,
770# saying that both AEST/AEDT and EST/EST are widely used and
771# understood in Australia.
772
773# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
774# Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ.
775# Mark Prior writes that his newspaper
776# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00,
777# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970
778# and perhaps the newspaper's `2:00' is referring to standard time.
779# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960.
780
781# From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05):
782#
783# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable,
784# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more
785# relevant entries in this database.
786#
787# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill):
788# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html">
789# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04)
790# </a>
791# ACT
792# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html">
793# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972
794# </a>
795# SA
796# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html">
797# Standard Time Act, 1898
798# </a>
799
800# From David Grosz (2005-06-13):
801# It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by
802# one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games.
803# Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday
804# in April instead of the last Sunday in March.
805#
806# From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14):
807# I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan
808# to extend DST together in 2006.
809# ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt
810# New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html
811# South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html
812# Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772
813# Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles
814# allude to it.
815# But not Queensland
816# http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html.
817
818# Northern Territory
819
820# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
821# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ]
822# # [ Nov 1990 ]
823# # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location.
824# ...
825# Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST
826
827# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
828# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
829# the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving.
830
831# Western Australia
832
833# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
834# # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ]
835# # [ Nov 1990 ]
836# # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to
837# # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but
838# # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus
839# # before reaching parliament.
840# ...
841# Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST
842# ...
843# Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
844# Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W
845# Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
846# Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W
847
848# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
849# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
850# Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving.
851
852# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02):
853# Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney
854# rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at
855# work at 9.00am.)
856# W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse
857# everybody again.
858
859# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
860# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess;
861# it matches what was used in the past.
862
863# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm">
864# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ
865# </a> (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses
866# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia.
867
868# Queensland
869# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
870# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ]
871# # [ Dec 1990 ]
872# ...
873# Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST
874# ...
875# Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
876# Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E
877# Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
878# Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E
879
880# From Bradley White (1989-12-24):
881# "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from
882# October 1989).
883
884# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
885# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
886# ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving
887# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
888
889# From John Mackin (1991-03-06):
890# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact
891# end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised
892# me.)
893
894# From Bradley White (1992-03-08):
895# ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted
896# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ...
897# ...
898# Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
899# Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S
900# ...
901
902# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
903# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes.
904
905# From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning
906# from Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-11-01):
907# WA are trialing DST for three years.
908# <http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf>
909
910# From Rives McDow (2002-04-09):
911# The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the
912# southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western
913# Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The
914# residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so
915# much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the
916# international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South
917# Australia and Western Australia....
918#
919# From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09):
920# This is confirmed by the section entitled
921# "What's the deal with time zones???" in
922# <http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html>.
923#
924# From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07):
925# ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway,
926# which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern
927# coast of the continent.
928#
929# I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no
930# dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border
931# village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west
932# as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is
933# the largest population centre in this zone....
934#
935# Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the
936# question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I
937# just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have,
938# meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45.
939#
940# (2006-12-09):
941# I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving
942# in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis
943# of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well
944# before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago.
945
946# From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15):
947# For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the
948# introduction of standard time in 1895.
949
950
951# southeast Australia
952#
953# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
954# Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT
955# end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October.
956# http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html
957
958
959# South Australia
960
961# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
962# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
963# ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving
964# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
965
966# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
967# # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ]
968# # [ Nov 1990 ]
969# ...
970# Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST
971# ...
972# Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
973# Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C
974# Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C
975# Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C
976
977# From Bradley White (1992-03-11):
978# Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide
979# contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival,
980# South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks."
981
982# From Robert Elz (1992-03-13):
983# I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that)
984# South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even
985# numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival
986# is on...
987
988# From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000):
989# DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday)....
990# But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever...
991# (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...).
992
993# From Bradley White (1994-04-11):
994# If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March,
995# 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can
996# only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated....
997
998# From John Warburton (1994-10-07):
999# The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ...
1000# was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994....
1001# start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March.
1002
1003# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
1004# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
1005
1006# Tasmania
1007
1008# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd
1009# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1010# # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ]
1011# # [ Nov 1990 ]
1012
1013# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10):
1014# Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have
1015# 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia
1016# (but nothing new about that).
1017
1018# From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04):
1019# I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the
1020# (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard,
1021# has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria
1022# (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000
1023# instead of the first Sunday in October.
1024
1025# Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules:
1026# http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300
1027
1028# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
1029# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
1030
1031# Victoria
1032
1033# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd
1034# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1035# # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ]
1036# # [ Nov 1990 ]
1037
1038# From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29):
1039# On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an
1040# interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was
1041# discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar
1042# Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located
1043# in Melbourne, Australia.
1044#
1045# Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which
1046# illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day
1047# of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's
1048# fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time,
1049# you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the
1050# expected time.
1051#
1052# However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had
1053# to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of
1054# the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps
1055# someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more.
1056#
1057# [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html
1058# [2] http://www.shrine.org.au
1059
1060# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
1061# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
1062
1063# New South Wales
1064
1065# From Arthur David Olson:
1066# New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time.
1067# Based on law library research by John Mackin,
1068# who notes:
1069# In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the
1070# individual states. Thus, while such terms as ``Eastern Standard Time''
1071# [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common
1072# use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the
1073# legislation. This is very important to understand.
1074# I have researched New South Wales time only...
1075
1076# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26):
1077# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual
1078# October in 2000. [See: Matthew Moore,
1079# <a href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html">
1080# Two months more daylight saving
1081# </a>
1082# Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).]
1083
1084# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27):
1085# See the following official NSW source:
1086# <a href="http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ">
1087# Daylight Saving in New South Wales.
1088# </a>
1089#
1090# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of
1091# daylight saving next year. See:
1092# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm">
1093# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving
1094# </a> (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens.
1095#
1096# Victoria will following NSW. See:
1097# <a href="http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm">
1098# Vic to extend daylight saving
1099# </a> (1999-07-28).
1100#
1101# However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See:
1102# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm">
1103# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request
1104# </a> (1999-07-19).
1105#
1106# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See:
1107# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm">
1108# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics
1109# </a> (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying
1110# ``Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time
1111# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very
1112# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of
1113# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night.
1114# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules.''
1115#
1116# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See:
1117# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm">
1118# Broken Hill to be behind the times
1119# </a> (1999-07-21).
1120
1121# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian
1122# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken
1123# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics.
1124
1125# From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29:
1126# The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW
1127# towns to use Queensland time.
1128
1129# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
1130# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
1131
1132# Yancowinna
1133
1134# From John Mackin (1989-01-04):
1135# `Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna.
1136
1137# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1138# # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ]
1139# # [ Dec 1990 ]
1140# ...
1141# # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the
1142# # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings
1143# # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government
1144# # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have
1145# # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not
1146# # presently available.
1147# Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST
1148# ...
1149# Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1150# Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C
1151# [followed by other Rules]
1152
1153# Lord Howe Island
1154
1155# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1156# LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ]
1157# [ Dec 1990 ]
1158# Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an
1159# hour ahead of NSW time.
1160
1161# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27):
1162# Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same
1163# date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the
1164# Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is
1165# seeking the community's views on various options for summer time
1166# arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour
1167# instead of only 30 minutes. Dependant on the wishes of residents
1168# the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing
1169# arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will
1170# however always coincide with the rest of NSW.
1171
1172# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25):
1173# Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards
1174# clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently
1175# introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as
1176# shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start
1177# of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW.
1178
1179# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1180# For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and
1181# Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan.
1182
1183# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
1184# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
1185
1186# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28):
1187# According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight
1188# saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009
1189# summer (southern hemisphere).
1190#
1191# From
1192# <a href="http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf">
1193# http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf
1194# </a>
1195# The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling
1196# for over the last year is now set to be ongoing.
1197# Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each
1198# year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year.
1199# Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia
1200# with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and
1201# the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year...
1202#
1203# We have a wrap-up here:
1204# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html">
1205# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html
1206# </a>
1207###############################################################################
1208
1209# New Zealand
1210
1211# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03):
1212# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period.
1213# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for
1214# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start).
1215# source -- phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office.
1216
1217# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1218# # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that!
1219# # or is Australia the west island of N.Z.
1220# # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ]
1221# # [ Nov 1990 ]
1222# ...
1223# Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1224# Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1225# Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S
1226# Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S
1227# ...
1228# Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand
1229# Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island
1230
1231# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
1232# The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989
1233# rather than the October 1 value.
1234
1235# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19);
1236# Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ.
1237# Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight
1238# Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard
1239# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March.
1240# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00.
1241#
1242# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1243# The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history,
1244# as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references.
1245# Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger.
1246#
1247# For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with
1248# transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham
1249# is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland.
1250
1251# From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30):
1252# DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the
1253# first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning
1254# that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06.
1255# http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended
1256
1257###############################################################################
1258
1259
1260# Fiji
1261
1262# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji
1263# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time
1264# instead of the American system (which was one day behind).
1265
1266# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08):
1267# Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01
1268# until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will
1269# be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February.
1270
1271# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08):
1272# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow.
1273
1274# From the BBC World Service (1998-10-31 11:32 UTC):
1275# The Fijiian government says the main reasons for the time change is to
1276# improve productivity and reduce road accidents. But correspondents say it
1277# also hopes the move will boost Fiji's ability to compete with other pacific
1278# islands in the effort to attract tourists to witness the dawning of the new
1279# millenium.
1280
1281# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13)
1282# reports that Fiji has discontinued DST.
1283
1284# Johnston
1285
1286# Johnston data is from usno1995.
1287
1288
1289# Kiribati
1290
1291# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
1292# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati
1293# ``declared it the same day throught the country as of Jan. 1, 1995''
1294# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century.
1295
1296
1297# Kwajalein
1298
1299# In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes:
1300# I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday,
1301# 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with
1302# respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands,
1303# going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink.
1304
1305
1306# N Mariana Is, Guam
1307
1308# Howse writes (p 153) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the
1309# Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones
1310# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time.
1311# For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines;
1312# see Asia/Manila.
1313
1314# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time,
1315# under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation,
1316# but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law,
1317# wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST".
1318
1319
1320# Micronesia
1321
1322# Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16),
1323# ``I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that "Truk"
1324# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10.''
1325#
1326# Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11
1327# on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now.
1328
1329# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
1330# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in
1331# <a href="http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html">
1332# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information
1333# </a> (1999-01-26)
1334# that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11.
1335# We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now.
1336
1337
1338# Midway
1339
1340# From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956),
1341# quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection
1342# <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31):
1343# For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight
1344# Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning,
1345# your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956
1346# we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to
1347# air at 6am your time.
1348#
1349# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23):
1350# We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they
1351# started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years
1352# in Midway, but we have no record of it.
1353
1354
1355# Pitcairn
1356
1357# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08):
1358# A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998
1359# with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows.
1360#
1361# The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be
1362# Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known
1363# as Pitcairn Standard Time.
1364#
1365# ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several
1366# references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation
1367# somehow in light of this proclamation.
1368
1369# From Rives McDow (1999-11-09):
1370# The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998
1371# ... at midnight.
1372
1373# From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave:
1374# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as
1375# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in
1376# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago.
1377
1378
1379# Samoa
1380
1381# Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald)
1382# that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change
1383# ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system,
1384# ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that
1385# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.''
1386
1387
1388# Tonga
1389
1390# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
1391# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting
1392# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.''
1393# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do.
1394
1395# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle
1396# <a href="http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm">
1397# How Tonga became `The Land where Time Begins'
1398# </a>:
1399
1400# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST
1401# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its
1402# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its
1403# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of
1404# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees
1405# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time).
1406#
1407# Because His Majesty King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince
1408# Tungi, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time
1409# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change.
1410#
1411# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer
1412# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40
1413# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40
1414# minutes we have lost?"
1415#
1416# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that
1417# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth
1418# to say your prayers in the morning."
1419
1420# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1421# Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell.
1422
1423# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03):
1424# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millenium
1425# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front.
1426# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from
1427# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan
1428# Government.
1429
1430# From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
1431# * Tonga will introduce DST in November
1432#
1433# I was given this link by John Letts:
1434# <a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm">
1435# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm
1436# </a>
1437#
1438# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November
1439# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead
1440# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead
1441# (12 + 1 hour DST).
1442
1443# From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20):
1444# According to <a href="http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html">
1445# http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html
1446# </a>:
1447# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000
1448# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the
1449# third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on
1450# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and
1451# set back an hour on the closing date."
1452# Alas, no indication of the time of day.
1453
1454# From Rives McDow (1999-10-06):
1455# Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am.
1456# Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning.
1457
1458# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31):
1459# Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com
1460# that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19
1461# instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article
1462# is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the
1463# text, and I have forgotten to report it here.
1464# (Original URL was: http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm )
1465
1466# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01):
1467# Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27.
1468
1469# From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow:
1470# At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom
1471# shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday
1472# of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one
1473# hour to 1:00am.
1474
1475# From Pulu 'Anau (2002-11-05):
1476# The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't.
1477
1478
1479# Wake
1480
1481# From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup,
1482# US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02):
1483#
1484# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] -- ... The time was all the
1485# more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the
1486# International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we
1487# discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time
1488# making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost
1489# impossible.
1490#
1491# http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm
1492
1493# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23):
1494# We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now.
1495
1496###############################################################################
1497
1498# The International Date Line
1499
1500# From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03):
1501#
1502# The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard,
1503# convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please.
1504# Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on
1505# the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there.
1506#
1507# When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and
1508# Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL
1509# to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most
1510# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line
1511# has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific
1512# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international
1513# convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is
1514# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some
1515# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not
1516# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the
1517# correct date is ambiguous.
1518
1519# From Wikipedia <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31):
1520# Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting
1521# their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's
1522# speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's
1523# meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the
1524# Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all
1525# ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones
1526# on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any
1527# nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted
1528# to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's
1529# entry into another zone time--he often chose midnight. These zones were
1530# adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many
1531# independent merchant ships until World War II.
1532
1533# From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen
1534# (2005-03-20):
1535#
1536# The American Practical Navigator (2002)
1537# <http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187>
1538# talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in
1539# international waters; it ignores the international date line.
|