1# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
2# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
3
4# This file also includes Pacific islands.
5
6# Notes are at the end of this file
7
8###############################################################################
9
10# Australia
11
12# Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc.
13
14# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
15Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 D
16Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 S
17Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 D
18Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 S
19Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 D
20Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S
21Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 D
22# Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which
23# says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that
24# 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944.
25
26# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
27# Northern Territory
28Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
29 9:00 - ACST 1899 May
30 9:30 Aus AC%sT
31# Western Australia
32#
33# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
34Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
35Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
36Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
37Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
38Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 D
39Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
40Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 D
41Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
42Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
43Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec
44 8:00 Aus AW%sT 1943 Jul
45 8:00 AW AW%sT
46Zone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec
47 8:45 Aus ACW%sT 1943 Jul
48 8:45 AW ACW%sT
49
50# Queensland
51#
52# From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01):
53# I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast
54# of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after
55# Queensland ceased to.
56#
57# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
58# IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman,
59# Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped.
60# Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria,
61# so use Lindeman.
62#
63# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
64Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
65Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S
66Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
67Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
68Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
69Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
70Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895
71 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971
72 10:00 AQ AE%sT
73Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895
74 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971
75 10:00 AQ AE%sT 1992 Jul
76 10:00 Holiday AE%sT
77
78# South Australia
79# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
80Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
81Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D
82Rule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
83Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S
84Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
85Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
86Rule AS 1991 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 S
87Rule AS 1992 only - Mar 22 2:00s 0 S
88Rule AS 1993 only - Mar 7 2:00s 0 S
89Rule AS 1994 only - Mar 20 2:00s 0 S
90Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
91Rule AS 2006 only - Apr 2 2:00s 0 S
92Rule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
93Rule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
94Rule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
95# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
96Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
97 9:00 - ACST 1899 May
98 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971
99 9:30 AS AC%sT
100
101# Tasmania
102#
103# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16):
104# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml>
105# says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971.
106#
107# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
108Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
109Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
110Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
111Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 S
112Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S
113Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
114Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
115Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
116Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D
117Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
118Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 D
119Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
120Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
121Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
122Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
123Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
124Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
125Rule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
126Rule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
127# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
128Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep
129 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
130 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb
131 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967
132 10:00 AT AE%sT
133Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep
134 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
135 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb
136 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 Jul
137 10:00 AT AE%sT
138
139# Victoria
140# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
141Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
142Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S
143Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
144Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
145Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D
146Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
147Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
148Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
149Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
150Rule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
151Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
152Rule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
153Rule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
154Rule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
155# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
156Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
157 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971
158 10:00 AV AE%sT
159
160# New South Wales
161# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
162Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
163Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S
164Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
165Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
166Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
167Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
168Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D
169Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
170Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
171Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
172Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
173Rule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
174Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
175Rule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S
176Rule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
177Rule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
178# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
179Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
180 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971
181 10:00 AN AE%sT
182Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb
183 10:00 - AEST 1896 Aug 23
184 9:00 - ACST 1899 May
185 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971
186 9:30 AN AC%sT 2000
187 9:30 AS AC%sT
188
189# Lord Howe Island
190# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
191Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
192Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
193Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D
194Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 S
195Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 D
196Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D
197Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
198Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S
199Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 D
200Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D
201Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
202Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S
203Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
204Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 D
205Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
206 10:00 - AEST 1981 Mar
207 10:30 LH LH%sT
208
209# Australian miscellany
210#
211# Ashmore Is, Cartier
212# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers
213# no times are set
214#
215# Coral Sea Is
216# no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists
217# no times are set
218#
219# Macquarie
220# Permanent occupation (scientific station) 1911-1915 and since 25 March 1948;
221# sealing and penguin oil station operated Nov 1899 to Apr 1919. See the
222# Tasmania Parks & Wildlife Service history of sealing at Macquarie Island
223# <http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1828>
224# <http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1831>.
225# Guess that it was like Australia/Hobart while inhabited before 2010.
226#
227# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10):
228# We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division:
229# - Macquarie Island will stay on UTC+11 for winter and therefore not
230# switch back from daylight savings time when other parts of Australia do
231# on 4 April.
232#
233# From Arthur David Olson (2013-05-23):
234# The 1919 transition is overspecified below so pre-2013 zics
235# will produce a binary file with an [A]EST-type as the first 32-bit type;
236# this is required for correct handling of times before 1916 by
237# pre-2013 versions of localtime.
238Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0 - zzz 1899 Nov
239 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
240 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb
241 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1919 Apr 1 0:00s
242 0 - zzz 1948 Mar 25
243 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967
244 10:00 AT AE%sT 2010 Apr 4 3:00
245 11:00 - MIST # Macquarie I Standard Time
246
247# Christmas
248# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
249Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
250 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time
251
252# Cocos (Keeling) Is
253# These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978.
254# We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900.
255# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
256Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900
257 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time
258
259
260# Fiji
261
262# Milne gives 11:55:44 for Suva.
263
264# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10):
265# According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST
266# from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010.
267#
268# "Daylight savings to commence this month"
269# http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719
270# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html
271
272# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10):
273# The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved
274# amendments:
275# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml
276
277# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03):
278# The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on
279# 2010-03-28 at 03:00.
280# The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March
281# 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?).
282#
283# Official source:
284# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166
285#
286# A bit more background info here:
287# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html
288
289# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24):
290# According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3
291# weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011...
292# Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands,
293# Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site:
294# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155
295# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html
296
297# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-03):
298# Now the dates have been confirmed, and at least our start date
299# assumption was correct (end date was one week wrong).
300#
301# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155
302# which says
303# Members of the public are reminded to change their time to one hour in
304# advance at 2am to 3am on October 23, 2011 and one hour back at 3am to
305# 2am on February 26 next year.
306
307# From Ken Rylander (2011-10-24)
308# Another change to the Fiji DST end date. In the TZ database the end date for
309# Fiji DST 2012, is currently Feb 26. This has been changed to Jan 22.
310#
311# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155
312# states:
313#
314# The end of daylight saving scheduled initially for the 26th of February 2012
315# has been brought forward to the 22nd of January 2012.
316# The commencement of daylight saving will remain unchanged and start
317# on the 23rd of October, 2011.
318
319# From the Fiji Government Online Portal (2012-08-21) via Steffen Thorsen:
320# The Minister for Labour, Industrial Relations and Employment Mr Jone Usamate
321# today confirmed that Fiji will start daylight savings at 2 am on Sunday 21st
322# October 2012 and end at 3 am on Sunday 20th January 2013.
323# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6702&catid=71&Itemid=155
324
325# From the Fijian Government Media Center (2013-08-30) via David Wheeler:
326# Fiji will start daylight savings on Sunday 27th October, 2013 ...
327# move clocks forward by one hour from 2am
328# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-27th-OCTOBER-201.aspx
329
330# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-01-10):
331# Fiji will end DST on 2014-01-19 02:00:
332# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVINGS-TO-END-THIS-MONTH-%281%29.aspx
333
334# From Paul Eggert (2014-01-10):
335# For now, guess that Fiji springs forward the Sunday before the fourth
336# Monday in October, and springs back the penultimate Sunday in January.
337# This is ad hoc, but matches recent practice.
338
339# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
340Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
341Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 -
342Rule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 S
343Rule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 -
344Rule Fiji 2010 max - Oct Sun>=21 2:00 1:00 S
345Rule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 -
346Rule Fiji 2012 2013 - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 -
347Rule Fiji 2014 max - Jan Sun>=18 2:00 0 -
348# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
349Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:55:44 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva
350 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time
351
352# French Polynesia
353# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
354Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea
355 -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time
356Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct
357 -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time
358Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete
359 -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time
360# Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia;
361# it is uninhabited.
362
363# Guam
364# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
365Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
366 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana
367 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam
368 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time
369
370# Kiribati
371# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
372Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki
373 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time
374Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901
375 -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time
376 -11:00 - PHOT 1995
377 13:00 - PHOT
378Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901
379 -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time
380 -10:00 - LINT 1995
381 14:00 - LINT
382
383# N Mariana Is
384# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
385Zone Pacific/Saipan -14:17:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
386 9:43:00 - LMT 1901
387 9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time
388 10:00 - MPT 2000 Dec 23
389 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time
390
391# Marshall Is
392# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
393Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901
394 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time
395 12:00 - MHT
396Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901
397 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct
398 -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time
399 12:00 - MHT
400
401# Micronesia
402# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
403Zone Pacific/Chuuk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901
404 10:00 - CHUT # Chuuk Time
405Zone Pacific/Pohnpei 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia
406 11:00 - PONT # Pohnpei Time
407Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901
408 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time
409 12:00 - KOST 1999
410 11:00 - KOST
411
412# Nauru
413# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
414Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe
415 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time
416 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15
417 11:30 - NRT 1979 May
418 12:00 - NRT
419
420# New Caledonia
421# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
422Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
423Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 -
424Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S
425# Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA.
426Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 -
427# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
428Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Noum��a
429 11:00 NC NC%sT
430
431
432###############################################################################
433
434# New Zealand
435
436# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
437Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S
438Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M
439Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S
440Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M
441Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M
442Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S
443Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S
444# Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no
445# convenient single notation for the date and time of this transition
446# so we must duplicate the Rule lines.
447Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
448Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D
449Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S
450Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S
451Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
452Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D
453Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
454Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S
455Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D
456Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D
457Rule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
458Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D
459Rule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
460Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S
461Rule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
462Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D
463Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
464Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S
465# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
466Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2
467 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1
468 12:00 NZ NZ%sT
469Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1868 Nov 2
470 12:15 - CHAST 1946 Jan 1
471 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT
472
473Link Pacific/Auckland Antarctica/McMurdo
474
475# Auckland Is
476# uninhabited; M��ori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers,
477# and scientific personnel have wintered
478
479# Campbell I
480# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914
481# scientific station operated 1941/1995;
482# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered
483# was probably like Pacific/Auckland
484
485# Cook Is
486# From Shanks & Pottenger:
487# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
488Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS
489Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
490Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS
491# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
492Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua
493 -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time
494 -10:00 Cook CK%sT
495
496###############################################################################
497
498
499# Niue
500# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
501Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi
502 -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time
503 -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1
504 -11:00 - NUT
505
506# Norfolk
507# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
508Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston
509 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time
510 11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time
511
512# Palau (Belau)
513# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
514Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror
515 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time
516
517# Papua New Guinea
518# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
519Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880
520 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time
521 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time
522
523# Pitcairn
524# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
525Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown
526 -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 00:00
527 -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time
528
529# American Samoa
530Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5
531 -11:22:48 - LMT 1911
532 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome
533 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering
534 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa
535
536# Samoa (formerly and also known as Western Samoa)
537
538# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16):
539# We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received
540# the following info:
541#
542# "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year
543# commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first
544# Sunday of April 2011."
545#
546# Background info:
547# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html
548#
549# Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not
550# contain any dates:
551# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf
552
553# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07):
554# Please see
555# http://www.mcil.gov.ws
556# the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday
557# September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight
558# to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks
559# backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am"
560
561# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07):
562# [http://www.mcil.gov.ws/ftcd/daylight_saving_2011.pdf]
563#
564# ... when the standard time strikes the hour of four o'clock (4.00am
565# or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011, then all instruments used to
566# measure standard time are to be adjusted/changed to three o'clock
567# (3:00am or 0300Hrs).
568
569# From David Z��lke (2011-05-09):
570# Subject: Samoa to move timezone from east to west of international date line
571#
572# http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963
573
574# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-27):
575# The International Date Line Act 2011
576# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/images/ACTS/International_Date_Line_Act__2011_-_Eng.pdf
577# changed Samoa from UTC-11 to UTC+13, effective "12 o'clock midnight, on
578# Thursday 29th December 2011". The International Date Line was adjusted
579# accordingly.
580
581# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-09-02):
582# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html
583#
584# here is the official website publication for Samoa DST and dateline change
585#
586# DST
587# Year End Time Start Time
588# 2011 - - - - - - 24 September 3:00am to 4:00am
589# 2012 01 April 4:00am to 3:00am - - - - - -
590#
591# Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011
592# Thursday 29th December 2011 23:59:59 Hours
593# Saturday 31st December 2011 00:00:00 Hours
594#
595# From Nicholas Pereira (2012-09-10):
596# Daylight Saving Time commences on Sunday 30th September 2012 and
597# ends on Sunday 7th of April 2013....
598# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html
599#
600# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08):
601# That web page currently lists transitions for 2012/3 and 2013/4.
602# Assume the pattern instituted in 2012 will continue indefinitely.
603
604# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
605Rule WS 2010 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 1 D
606Rule WS 2011 only - Apr Sat>=1 4:00 0 S
607Rule WS 2011 only - Sep lastSat 3:00 1 D
608Rule WS 2012 max - Apr Sun>=1 4:00 0 S
609Rule WS 2012 max - Sep lastSun 3:00 1 D
610# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
611Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5
612 -11:26:56 - LMT 1911
613 -11:30 - WSST 1950
614 -11:00 WS S%sT 2011 Dec 29 24:00 # S=Samoa
615 13:00 WS WS%sT
616
617# Solomon Is
618# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea
619# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
620Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara
621 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time
622
623# Tokelau Is
624#
625# From Gwillim Law (2011-12-29)
626# A correspondent informed me that Tokelau, like Samoa, will be skipping
627# December 31 this year ...
628#
629# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-07-25)
630# ... we double checked by calling hotels and offices based in Tokelau asking
631# about the time there, and they all told a time that agrees with UTC+13....
632# Shanks says UTC-10 from 1901 [but] ... there is a good chance the change
633# actually was to UTC-11 back then.
634#
635# From Paul Eggert (2012-07-25)
636# A Google Books snippet of Appendix to the Journals of the House of
637# Representatives of New Zealand, Session 1948,
638# <http://books.google.com/books?id=ZaVCAQAAIAAJ>, page 65, says Tokelau
639# was "11 hours slow on G.M.T." Go with Thorsen and assume Shanks & Pottenger
640# are off by an hour starting in 1901.
641
642# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
643Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901
644 -11:00 - TKT 2011 Dec 30 # Tokelau Time
645 13:00 - TKT
646
647# Tonga
648# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
649Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S
650Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 -
651Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
652Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 -
653# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
654Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901
655 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time
656 13:00 - TOT 1999
657 13:00 Tonga TO%sT
658
659# Tuvalu
660# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
661Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901
662 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time
663
664
665# US minor outlying islands
666
667# Howland, Baker
668# Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British
669# 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known.
670# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944;
671# uninhabited thereafter.
672# Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UT-10:30) in 1937;
673# see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long,
674# Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000).
675# So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935
676# until they were abandoned after the war.
677
678# Jarvis
679# Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?.
680# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958;
681# uninhabited thereafter.
682# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati
683
684# Johnston
685#
686# From Paul Eggert (2014-03-11):
687# Sometimes Johnston kept Hawaii time, and sometimes it was an hour behind.
688# Details are uncertain. We have no data for Johnston after 1970, so
689# treat it like Hawaii for now.
690#
691# In his memoirs of June 6th to October 4, 1945
692# <http://www.315bw.org/Herb_Bach.htm> (2005), Herbert C. Bach writes,
693# "We started our letdown to Kwajalein Atoll and landed there at 5:00 AM
694# Johnston time, 1:30 AM Kwajalein time." This was in June 1945, and
695# confirms that Johnston kept the same time as Honolulu in summer 1945.
696#
697# From Lyle McElhaney (2014-03-11):
698# [W]hen JI was being used for that [atomic bomb] testing, the time being used
699# was not Hawaiian time but rather the same time being used on the ships,
700# which had a GMT offset of -11 hours. This apparently applied to at least the
701# time from Operation Newsreel (Hardtack I/Teak shot, 1958-08-01) to the last
702# Operation Fishbowl shot (Tightrope, 1962-11-04).... [See] Herman Hoerlin,
703# "The United States High-Altitude Test Experience: A Review Emphasizing the
704# Impact on the Environment", Los Alamos LA-6405, Oct 1976
705# <http://www.fas.org/sgp/othergov/doe/lanl/docs1/00322994.pdf>.
706# See the table on page 4 where he lists GMT and local times for the tests; a
707# footnote for the JI tests reads that local time is "JI time = Hawaii Time
708# Minus One Hour".
709#
710# See 'northamerica' for Pacific/Johnston.
711
712# Kingman
713# uninhabited
714
715# Midway
716#
717# From Mark Brader (2005-01-23):
718# [Fallacies and Fantasies of Air Transport History, by R.E.G. Davies,
719# published 1994 by Paladwr Press, McLean, VA, USA; ISBN 0-9626483-5-3]
720# reproduced a Pan American Airways timeables from 1936, for their weekly
721# "Orient Express" flights between San Francisco and Manila, and connecting
722# flights to Chicago and the US East Coast. As it uses some time zone
723# designations that I've never seen before:....
724# Fri. 6:30A Lv. HONOLOLU (Pearl Harbor), H.I. H.L.T. Ar. 5:30P Sun.
725# " 3:00P Ar. MIDWAY ISLAND . . . . . . . . . M.L.T. Lv. 6:00A "
726#
727Zone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901
728 -11:00 - NST 1956 Jun 3
729 -11:00 1:00 NDT 1956 Sep 2
730 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome
731 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering
732 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa
733
734# Palmyra
735# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati
736
737# Wake
738# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
739Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901
740 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time
741
742
743# Vanuatu
744# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
745Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S
746Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 -
747Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S
748Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S
749Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 -
750Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S
751# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
752Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila
753 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time
754
755# Wallis and Futuna
756# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
757Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
758 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time
759
760###############################################################################
761
762# NOTES
763
764# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
765# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
766# tz@iana.org for general use in the future).
767
768# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
769# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
770# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
771# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
772#
773# Gwillim Law writes that a good source
774# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
775# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
776# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
777# of the IATA's data after 1990.
778#
779# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
780# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
781#
782# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
783# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
784# I found in the UCLA library.
785#
786# For data circa 1899, a common source is:
787# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
788# <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>.
789#
790# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
791# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
792#
793# I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table;
794# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
795# Corrections are welcome!
796# std dst
797# LMT Local Mean Time
798# 8:00 AWST AWDT Western Australia
799# 8:45 ACWST ACWDT Central Western Australia*
800# 9:00 JST Japan
801# 9:30 ACST ACDT Central Australia
802# 10:00 AEST AEDT Eastern Australia
803# 10:00 ChST Chamorro
804# 10:30 LHST LHDT Lord Howe*
805# 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945
806# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present
807# 12:15 CHAST Chatham through 1945*
808# 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham 1946-present*
809# 13:00 WSST WSDT (western) Samoa 2011-present*
810# -11:30 WSST Western Samoa through 1950*
811# -11:00 SST Samoa
812# -10:00 HST Hawaii
813# - 8:00 PST Pitcairn*
814#
815# See the 'northamerica' file for Hawaii.
816# See the 'southamerica' file for Easter I and the Gal��pagos Is.
817
818###############################################################################
819
820# Australia
821
822# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
823# Daylight saving time has long been controversial in Australia, pitting
824# region against region, rural against urban, and local against global.
825# For example, in her review of Graeme Davison's _The Unforgiving
826# Minute: how Australians learned to tell the time_ (1993), Perth native
827# Phillipa J Martyr wrote, "The section entitled 'Saving Daylight' was
828# very informative, but was (as can, sadly, only be expected from a
829# Melbourne-based study) replete with the usual chuckleheaded
830# Queenslanders and straw-chewing yokels from the West prattling fables
831# about fading curtains and crazed farm animals."
832# Electronic Journal of Australian and New Zealand History (1997-03-03)
833# http://www.jcu.edu.au/aff/history/reviews/davison.htm
834
835# From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08):
836# Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia
837# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml>
838# summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia.
839
840# From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12):
841# Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales
842# <http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving>
843# covers New South Wales in particular.
844
845# From John Mackin (1991-03-06):
846# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as 'daylight' time.
847# It is called 'summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, 'summer'
848# and 'standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the
849# abbreviation does _not_ change...
850# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least
851# in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the
852# initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses
853# the phrase 'summer time' and does not use the phrase 'daylight
854# time'.
855# Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian
856# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases 'Eastern Standard Time'
857# or 'Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the
858# current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers
859# on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases
860# prefixed by the word 'Australian' when referring to local times;
861# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC.
862
863# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
864#
865# Inspired by Mackin's remarks quoted above, earlier versions of this
866# file used "EST" for both Eastern Standard Time and Eastern Summer
867# Time in Australia, and similarly for "CST", "CWST", and "WST".
868# However, these abbreviations were confusing and were not common
869# practice among Australians, and there were justifiable complaints
870# about them, so I attempted to survey current Australian usage.
871# For the tz database, the full English phrase is not that important;
872# what matters is the abbreviation. It's difficult to survey the web
873# directly for abbreviation usage, as there are so many false hits for
874# strings like "EST" and "EDT", so I looked for pages that defined an
875# abbreviation for eastern or central DST in Australia, and got the
876# following numbers of unique hits for the listed Google queries:
877#
878# 10 "Eastern Daylight Time AEST" site:au [some are false hits]
879# 10 "Eastern Summer Time AEST" site:au
880# 10 "Summer Time AEDT" site:au
881# 13 "EDST Eastern Daylight Saving Time" site:au
882# 18 "Summer Time ESST" site:au
883# 28 "Eastern Daylight Saving Time EDST" site:au
884# 39 "EDT Eastern Daylight Time" site:au [some are false hits]
885# 53 "Eastern Daylight Time EDT" site:au [some are false hits]
886# 54 "AEDT Australian Eastern Daylight Time" site:au
887# 182 "Eastern Daylight Time AEDT" site:au
888#
889# 17 "Central Daylight Time CDT" site:au [some are false hits]
890# 46 "Central Daylight Time ACDT" site:au
891#
892# I tried several other variants (e.g., "Eastern Summer Time EST") but
893# they all returned fewer than 10 unique hits. I also looked for pages
894# mentioning both "western standard time" and an abbreviation, since
895# there is no WST in the US to generate false hits, and found:
896#
897# 156 "western standard time" AWST site:au
898# 226 "western standard time" WST site:au
899#
900# I then surveyed the top ten newspapers in Australia by circulation as
901# listed in Wikipedia, using Google queries like "AEDT site:heraldsun.com.au"
902# and obtaining estimated counts from the initial page of search results.
903# All ten papers greatly preferred "AEDT" to "EDT". The papers
904# surveyed were the Herald Sun, The Daily Telegraph, The Courier-Mail,
905# The Sydney Morning Herald, The West Australian, The Age, The Advertiser,
906# The Australian, The Financial Review, and The Herald (Newcastle).
907#
908# I also searched for historical usage, to see whether abbreviations
909# like "AEDT" are new. A Trove search <http://trove.nla.gov.au/>
910# found only one newspaper (The Canberra Times) with a house style
911# dating back to the 1970s, I expect because other newspapers weren't
912# fully indexed. The Canberra Times strongly preferred abbreviations
913# like "AEDT". The first occurrence of "AEDT" was a World Weather
914# column (1971-11-17, page 24), and of "ACDT" was a Scoreboard column
915# (1993-01-24, p 16). The style was the typical usage but was not
916# strictly enforced; for example, "Welcome to the twilight zones ..."
917# (1994-10-29, p 1) uses the abbreviations AEST/AEDT, CST/CDT, and
918# WST, and goes on to say, "The confusion and frustration some feel
919# about the lack of uniformity among Australia's six states and two
920# territories has prompted one group to form its very own political
921# party -- the Sydney-based Daylight Saving Extension Party."
922#
923# I also surveyed federal government sources. They did not agree:
924#
925# The Australian Government (2014-03-26)
926# http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/our-country/time
927# (This document was produced by the Department of Finance.)
928# AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT
929#
930# Bureau of Meteorology (2012-11-08)
931# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml
932# EST CST WST EDT CDT
933#
934# Civil Aviation Safety Authority (undated)
935# http://services.casa.gov.au/outnback/inc/pages/episode3/episode-3_time_zones.shtml
936# EST CST WST (no abbreviations given for DST)
937#
938# Geoscience Australia (2011-11-24)
939# http://www.ga.gov.au/geodesy/astro/sunrise.jsp
940# AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT
941#
942# Parliamentary Library (2008-11-10)
943# http://www.aph.gov.au/binaries/library/pubs/rp/2008-09/09rp14.pdf
944# EST CST WST preferred for standard time; AEST AEDT ACST ACDT also used
945#
946# The Transport Safety Bureau has an extensive series of accident reports,
947# and investigators seem to use whatever abbreviation they like.
948# Googling site:atsb.gov.au found the following number of unique hits:
949# 311 "ESuT", 195 "EDT", 26 "AEDT", 83 "CSuT", 46 "CDT".
950# "_SuT" tended to appear in older reports, and "A_DT" tended to
951# appear in reports of events with international implications.
952#
953# From the above it appears that there is a working consensus in
954# Australia to use trailing "DT" for daylight saving time; although
955# some sources use trailing "SST" or "ST" or "SuT" they are by far in
956# the minority. The case for leading "A" is weaker, but since it
957# seems to be preferred in the overall web and is preferred in all
958# the leading newspaper websites and in many government departments,
959# it has a stronger case than omitting the leading "A". The current
960# version of the database therefore uses abbreviations like "AEST" and
961# "AEDT" for Australian time zones.
962
963# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
964# Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ.
965# Mark Prior writes that his newspaper
966# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00,
967# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970
968# and perhaps the newspaper's '2:00' is referring to standard time.
969# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960.
970
971# From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05):
972#
973# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable,
974# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more
975# relevant entries in this database.
976#
977# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill):
978# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04)
979# <http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html>
980# ACT
981# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972
982# <http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html>
983# SA
984# Standard Time Act, 1898
985# <http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html>
986
987# From David Grosz (2005-06-13):
988# It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by
989# one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games.
990# Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday
991# in April instead of the last Sunday in March.
992#
993# From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14):
994# I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan
995# to extend DST together in 2006.
996# ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt
997# New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html
998# South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html
999# Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772
1000# Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles
1001# allude to it.
1002# But not Queensland
1003# http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html
1004
1005# Northern Territory
1006
1007# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1008# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ]
1009# # [ Nov 1990 ]
1010# # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location.
1011# ...
1012# Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST
1013
1014# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
1015# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
1016# the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving.
1017
1018# Western Australia
1019
1020# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1021# # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ]
1022# # [ Nov 1990 ]
1023# # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to
1024# # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but
1025# # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus
1026# # before reaching parliament.
1027# ...
1028# Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST
1029# ...
1030# Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1031# Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W
1032# Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1033# Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W
1034
1035# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
1036# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
1037# Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving.
1038
1039# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02):
1040# Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney
1041# rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at
1042# work at 9.00am.)
1043# W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse
1044# everybody again.
1045
1046# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
1047# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess;
1048# it matches what was used in the past.
1049
1050# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ
1051# <http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm>
1052# (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses
1053# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia.
1054
1055# Queensland
1056# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1057# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ]
1058# # [ Dec 1990 ]
1059# ...
1060# Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST
1061# ...
1062# Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1063# Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E
1064# Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1065# Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E
1066
1067# From Bradley White (1989-12-24):
1068# "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from
1069# October 1989).
1070
1071# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
1072# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
1073# ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving
1074# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
1075
1076# From John Mackin (1991-03-06):
1077# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact
1078# end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised
1079# me.)
1080
1081# From Bradley White (1992-03-08):
1082# ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted
1083# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ...
1084# ...
1085# Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1086# Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S
1087# ...
1088
1089# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
1090# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes.
1091
1092# From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning
1093# from Jesper N��rgaard Welen (2006-11-01):
1094# WA are trialing DST for three years.
1095# <http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf>
1096
1097# From Rives McDow (2002-04-09):
1098# The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the
1099# southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western
1100# Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The
1101# residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so
1102# much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the
1103# international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South
1104# Australia and Western Australia....
1105#
1106# From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09):
1107# This is confirmed by the section entitled
1108# "What's the deal with time zones???" in
1109# <http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html>.
1110#
1111# From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07):
1112# ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway,
1113# which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern
1114# coast of the continent.
1115#
1116# I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no
1117# dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border
1118# village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west
1119# as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is
1120# the largest population centre in this zone....
1121#
1122# Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the
1123# question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I
1124# just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have,
1125# meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45.
1126#
1127# (2006-12-09):
1128# I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving
1129# in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis
1130# of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well
1131# before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago.
1132
1133# From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15):
1134# For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the
1135# introduction of standard time in 1895.
1136
1137
1138# southeast Australia
1139#
1140# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
1141# Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT
1142# end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October.
1143# http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html
1144
1145
1146# South Australia
1147
1148# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
1149# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
1150# ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving
1151# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
1152
1153# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1154# # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ]
1155# # [ Nov 1990 ]
1156# ...
1157# Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST
1158# ...
1159# Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1160# Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C
1161# Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C
1162# Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C
1163
1164# From Bradley White (1992-03-11):
1165# Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide
1166# contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival,
1167# South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks."
1168
1169# From Robert Elz (1992-03-13):
1170# I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that)
1171# South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even
1172# numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival
1173# is on...
1174
1175# From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000):
1176# DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday)....
1177# But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever...
1178# (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...).
1179
1180# From Bradley White (1994-04-11):
1181# If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March,
1182# 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can
1183# only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated....
1184
1185# From John Warburton (1994-10-07):
1186# The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ...
1187# was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994....
1188# start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March.
1189
1190# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
1191# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
1192
1193# Tasmania
1194
1195# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd
1196# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1197# # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ]
1198# # [ Nov 1990 ]
1199
1200# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10):
1201# Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have
1202# 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia
1203# (but nothing new about that).
1204
1205# From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04):
1206# I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the
1207# (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard,
1208# has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria
1209# (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000
1210# instead of the first Sunday in October.
1211
1212# Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules:
1213# http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300
1214
1215# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
1216# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
1217
1218# Victoria
1219
1220# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd
1221# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1222# # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ]
1223# # [ Nov 1990 ]
1224
1225# From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29):
1226# On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an
1227# interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was
1228# discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar
1229# Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located
1230# in Melbourne, Australia.
1231#
1232# Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which
1233# illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day
1234# of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's
1235# fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time,
1236# you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the
1237# expected time.
1238#
1239# However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had
1240# to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of
1241# the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps
1242# someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more.
1243#
1244# [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html
1245# [2] http://www.shrine.org.au
1246
1247# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
1248# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
1249
1250# New South Wales
1251
1252# From Arthur David Olson:
1253# New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time.
1254# Based on law library research by John Mackin,
1255# who notes:
1256# In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the
1257# individual states. Thus, while such terms as "Eastern Standard Time"
1258# [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common
1259# use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the
1260# legislation. This is very important to understand.
1261# I have researched New South Wales time only...
1262
1263# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26):
1264# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual
1265# October in 2000. [See: Matthew Moore,
1266# Two months more daylight saving
1267# Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26)
1268# <http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html>]
1269
1270# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27):
1271# See the following official NSW source:
1272# Daylight Saving in New South Wales.
1273# <http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ>
1274#
1275# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of
1276# daylight saving next year. See:
1277# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving
1278# <http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm>
1279# (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens.
1280#
1281# Victoria will following NSW. See:
1282# Vic to extend daylight saving (1999-07-28)
1283# <http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm>
1284#
1285# However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See:
1286# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request (1999-07-19)
1287# <http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm>
1288#
1289# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See:
1290# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics
1291# <http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm>
1292# (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying
1293# "Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time
1294# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very
1295# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of
1296# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night.
1297# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules."
1298#
1299# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See:
1300# Broken Hill to be behind the times (1999-07-21)
1301# <http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm>
1302
1303# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian
1304# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken
1305# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics.
1306
1307# From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29:
1308# The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW
1309# towns to use Queensland time.
1310
1311# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
1312# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
1313
1314# Yancowinna
1315
1316# From John Mackin (1989-01-04):
1317# 'Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna.
1318
1319# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1320# # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ]
1321# # [ Dec 1990 ]
1322# ...
1323# # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the
1324# # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings
1325# # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government
1326# # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have
1327# # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not
1328# # presently available.
1329# Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST
1330# ...
1331# Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1332# Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C
1333# [followed by other Rules]
1334
1335# Lord Howe Island
1336
1337# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1338# LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ]
1339# [ Dec 1990 ]
1340# Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an
1341# hour ahead of NSW time.
1342
1343# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27):
1344# Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same
1345# date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the
1346# Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is
1347# seeking the community's views on various options for summer time
1348# arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour
1349# instead of only 30 minutes. [Dependent] on the wishes of residents
1350# the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing
1351# arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will
1352# however always coincide with the rest of NSW.
1353
1354# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25):
1355# Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards
1356# clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently
1357# introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as
1358# shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start
1359# of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW.
1360
1361# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1362# For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and
1363# Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan.
1364
1365# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
1366# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
1367
1368# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28):
1369# According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight
1370# saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009
1371# summer (southern hemisphere).
1372#
1373# From
1374# http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf
1375# The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling
1376# for over the last year is now set to be ongoing.
1377# Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each
1378# year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year.
1379# Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia
1380# with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and
1381# the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year...
1382#
1383# We have a wrap-up here:
1384# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html
1385###############################################################################
1386
1387# New Zealand
1388
1389# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03):
1390# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period.
1391# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for
1392# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start).
1393# source - phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office.
1394
1395# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1396# # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that!
1397# # or is Australia the west island of N.Z.
1398# # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ]
1399# # [ Nov 1990 ]
1400# ...
1401# Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1402# Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1403# Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S
1404# Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S
1405# ...
1406# Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand
1407# Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island
1408
1409# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
1410# The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989
1411# rather than the October 1 value.
1412
1413# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19);
1414# Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ.
1415# Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight
1416# Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard
1417# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March.
1418# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00.
1419#
1420# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1421# The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history,
1422# as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references.
1423# Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger.
1424#
1425# For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with
1426# transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham
1427# is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland.
1428
1429# From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30):
1430# DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the
1431# first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning
1432# that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06.
1433# http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended
1434
1435# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-14):
1436# Chatham Island time was formally standardized on 1957-01-01 by
1437# New Zealand's Standard Time Amendment Act 1956 (1956-10-26)
1438# <http://www.austlii.edu.au/nz/legis/hist_act/staa19561956n100244.pdf>.
1439# According to Google Books snippet view, a speaker in the New Zealand
1440# parliamentary debates in 1956 said "Clause 78 makes provision for standard
1441# time in the Chatham Islands. The time there is 45 minutes in advance of New
1442# Zealand time. I understand that is the time they keep locally, anyhow."
1443# For now, assume this practice goes back to the introduction of standard time
1444# in New Zealand, as this would make Chatham Islands time almost exactly match
1445# LMT back when New Zealand was at UTC+11:30; also, assume Chatham Islands did
1446# not observe New Zealand's prewar DST.
1447
1448###############################################################################
1449
1450
1451# Fiji
1452
1453# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji
1454# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time
1455# instead of the American system (which was one day behind).
1456
1457# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08):
1458# Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01
1459# until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will
1460# be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February.
1461
1462# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08):
1463# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow.
1464
1465# From the BBC World Service in
1466# http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/205226.stm (1998-10-31 16:03 UTC):
1467# The Fijian government says the main reasons for the time change is to
1468# improve productivity and reduce road accidents.... [T]he move is also
1469# intended to boost Fiji's ability to attract tourists to witness the dawning
1470# of the new millennium.
1471
1472# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13)
1473# reports that Fiji has discontinued DST.
1474
1475
1476# Kiribati
1477
1478# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
1479# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati
1480# "declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995"
1481# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century.
1482
1483
1484# Kwajalein
1485
1486# In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes:
1487# I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday,
1488# 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with
1489# respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands,
1490# going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink.
1491
1492
1493# N Mariana Is, Guam
1494
1495# Howse writes (p 153) "The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the
1496# Philippines and the Ladrones from America," and implies that the Ladrones
1497# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time.
1498# For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines;
1499# see Asia/Manila.
1500
1501# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time,
1502# under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation,
1503# but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law,
1504# wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST".
1505
1506
1507# Micronesia
1508
1509# Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16),
1510# "I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that 'Truk'
1511# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10."
1512#
1513# Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11
1514# on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now.
1515
1516# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
1517# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in
1518# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information (1999-01-26)
1519# <http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html>
1520# that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11.
1521# We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now.
1522
1523
1524# Midway
1525
1526# From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956),
1527# quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection
1528# <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31):
1529# For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight
1530# Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning,
1531# your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956
1532# we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to
1533# air at 6am your time.
1534#
1535# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23):
1536# We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they
1537# started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years
1538# in Midway, but we have no record of it.
1539
1540
1541# Pitcairn
1542
1543# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08):
1544# A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998
1545# with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows.
1546#
1547# The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be
1548# Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known
1549# as Pitcairn Standard Time.
1550#
1551# ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several
1552# references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation
1553# somehow in light of this proclamation.
1554
1555# From Rives McDow (1999-11-09):
1556# The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998
1557# ... at midnight.
1558
1559# From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave:
1560# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as
1561# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in
1562# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago.
1563
1564
1565# (Western) Samoa and American Samoa
1566
1567# Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald)
1568# that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change
1569# "the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system,
1570# ordaining - by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery - that
1571# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year."
1572
1573# Although Shanks & Pottenger says they both switched to UTC-11:30
1574# in 1911, and to UTC-11 in 1950. many earlier sources give UTC-11
1575# for American Samoa, e.g., the US National Bureau of Standards
1576# circular "Standard Time Throughout the World", 1932.
1577# Assume American Samoa switched to UTC-11 in 1911, not 1950,
1578# and that after 1950 they agreed until (western) Samoa skipped a
1579# day in 2011. Assume also that the Samoas follow the US and New
1580# Zealand's "ST"/"DT" style of daylight-saving abbreviations.
1581
1582# Tonga
1583
1584# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
1585# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that "Tonga has been plotting
1586# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time."
1587# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do.
1588
1589# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle
1590# How Tonga became 'The Land where Time Begins'
1591# <http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm>:
1592
1593# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST
1594# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its
1595# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its
1596# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of
1597# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees
1598# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time).
1599#
1600# Because His Majesty King T��ufa����hau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince
1601# Tung��, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time
1602# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change.
1603#
1604# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer
1605# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40
1606# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40
1607# minutes we have lost?"
1608#
1609# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that
1610# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth
1611# to say your prayers in the morning."
1612
1613# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1614# Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell.
1615
1616# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03):
1617# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millennium
1618# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front.
1619# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from
1620# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan
1621# Government.
1622
1623# From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
1624# * Tonga will introduce DST in November
1625#
1626# I was given this link by John Letts:
1627# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm
1628#
1629# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November
1630# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead
1631# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead
1632# (12 + 1 hour DST).
1633
1634# From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20):
1635# According to <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html>:
1636# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000
1637# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the
1638# third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on
1639# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and
1640# set back an hour on the closing date."
1641# Alas, no indication of the time of day.
1642
1643# From Rives McDow (1999-10-06):
1644# Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am.
1645# Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning.
1646
1647# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31):
1648# Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com
1649# that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19
1650# instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article
1651# is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the
1652# text, and I have forgotten to report it here.
1653# (Original URL was <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm>)
1654
1655# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01):
1656# Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27.
1657
1658# From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow:
1659# At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom
1660# shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday
1661# of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one
1662# hour to 1:00am.
1663
1664# From Pulu 'Anau (2002-11-05):
1665# The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't.
1666
1667
1668# Wake
1669
1670# From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup,
1671# US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02):
1672#
1673# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] - ... The time was all the
1674# more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the
1675# International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we
1676# discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time
1677# making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost
1678# impossible.
1679#
1680# http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm
1681
1682# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23):
1683# We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now.
1684
1685###############################################################################
1686
1687# The International Date Line
1688
1689# From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03):
1690#
1691# The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard,
1692# convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please.
1693# Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on
1694# the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there.
1695#
1696# When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and
1697# Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL
1698# to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most
1699# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line
1700# has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific
1701# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international
1702# convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is
1703# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some
1704# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not
1705# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the
1706# correct date is ambiguous.
1707
1708# From Wikipedia <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31):
1709# Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting
1710# their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's
1711# speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's
1712# meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the
1713# Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all
1714# ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones
1715# on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any
1716# nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted
1717# to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's
1718# entry into another zone time - he often chose midnight. These zones were
1719# adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many
1720# independent merchant ships until World War II.
1721
1722# From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen
1723# (2005-03-20):
1724#
1725# The American Practical Navigator (2002)
1726# <http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187>
1727# talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in
1728# international waters; it ignores the international date line.