1# <pre>
2# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
3# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
4
5# This file also includes Pacific islands.
6
7# Notes are at the end of this file
8
9###############################################################################
10
11# Australia
12
13# Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc.
14
15# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
16Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 -
17Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 -
18Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 -
19Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 -
20Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 -
21Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
22Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 -
23# Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which
24# says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that
25# 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944.
26
27# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
28# Northern Territory
29Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
30 9:00 - CST 1899 May
31 9:30 Aus CST
32# Western Australia
33#
34# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
35Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
36Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
37Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
38Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
39Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 -
40Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
41Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 -
42Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
43Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
44Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec
45 8:00 Aus WST 1943 Jul
46 8:00 AW WST
47Zone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec
48 8:45 Aus CWST 1943 Jul
49 8:45 AW CWST
50
51# Queensland
52#
53# From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01):
54# I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast
55# of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after
56# Queensland ceased to.
57#
58# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
59# IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman,
60# Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped.
61# Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria,
62# so use Lindeman.
63#
64# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
65Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
66Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 -
67Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
68Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
69Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
70Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
71Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895
72 10:00 Aus EST 1971
73 10:00 AQ EST
74Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895
75 10:00 Aus EST 1971
76 10:00 AQ EST 1992 Jul
77 10:00 Holiday EST
78
79# South Australia
80# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
81Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
82Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 -
83Rule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
84Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 -
85Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
86Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
87Rule AS 1991 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 -
88Rule AS 1992 only - Mar 22 2:00s 0 -
89Rule AS 1993 only - Mar 7 2:00s 0 -
90Rule AS 1994 only - Mar 20 2:00s 0 -
91Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
92Rule AS 2006 only - Apr 2 2:00s 0 -
93Rule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
94Rule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
95Rule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
96# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
97Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
98 9:00 - CST 1899 May
99 9:30 Aus CST 1971
100 9:30 AS CST
101
102# Tasmania
103#
104# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16):
105# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml>
106# says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971.
107#
108# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
109Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
110Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
111Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
112Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 -
113Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 -
114Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
115Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
116Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
117Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 -
118Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
119Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 -
120Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
121Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
122Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
123Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
124Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
125Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
126Rule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
127Rule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
128# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
129Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep
130 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
131 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb
132 10:00 Aus EST 1967
133 10:00 AT EST
134Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep
135 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
136 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb
137 10:00 Aus EST 1971 Jul
138 10:00 AT EST
139
140# Victoria
141# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
142Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
143Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 -
144Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
145Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
146Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 -
147Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
148Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
149Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
150Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
151Rule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
152Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
153Rule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
154Rule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
155Rule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
156# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
157Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
158 10:00 Aus EST 1971
159 10:00 AV EST
160
161# New South Wales
162# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
163Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
164Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 -
165Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
166Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
167Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
168Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
169Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 -
170Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
171Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
172Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
173Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
174Rule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
175Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
176Rule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
177Rule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
178Rule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
179# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
180Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
181 10:00 Aus EST 1971
182 10:00 AN EST
183Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb
184 10:00 - EST 1896 Aug 23
185 9:00 - CST 1899 May
186 9:30 Aus CST 1971
187 9:30 AN CST 2000
188 9:30 AS CST
189
190# Lord Howe Island
191# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
192Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 -
193Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
194Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 -
195Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
196Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 -
197Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 -
198Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
199Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
200Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 -
201Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 -
202Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
203Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
204Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
205Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 -
206Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
207 10:00 - EST 1981 Mar
208 10:30 LH LHST
209
210# Australian miscellany
211#
212# Ashmore Is, Cartier
213# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers
214# no times are set
215#
216# Coral Sea Is
217# no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists
218# no times are set
219#
220# Macquarie
221# Permanent occupation (scientific station) 1911-1915 and since 25 March 1948;
222# sealing and penguin oil station operated Nov 1899 to Apr 1919. See the
223# Tasmania Parks & Wildlife Service history of sealing at Macquarie Island
224# <http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1828>
225# <http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1831>.
226# Guess that it was like Australia/Hobart while inhabited before 2010.
227#
228# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10):
229# We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division:
230# - Macquarie Island will stay on UTC+11 for winter and therefore not
231# switch back from daylight savings time when other parts of Australia do
232# on 4 April.
233#
234# From Arthur David Olson (2013-05-23):
235# The 1919 transition is overspecified below so pre-2013 zics
236# will produce a binary file with an EST-type as the first 32-bit type;
237# this is required for correct handling of times before 1916 by
238# pre-2013 versions of localtime.
239Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0 - zzz 1899 Nov
240 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
241 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb
242 10:00 Aus EST 1919 Apr 1 0:00s
243 0 - zzz 1948 Mar 25
244 10:00 Aus EST 1967
245 10:00 AT EST 2010 Apr 4 3:00
246 11:00 - MIST # Macquarie I Standard Time
247
248# Christmas
249# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
250Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
251 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time
252
253# Cook Is
254# From Shanks & Pottenger:
255# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
256Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS
257Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
258Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS
259# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
260Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua
261 -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time
262 -10:00 Cook CK%sT
263
264# Cocos
265# These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978.
266# We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900.
267# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
268Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900
269 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time
270
271# Fiji
272
273# Milne gives 11:55:44 for Suva.
274
275# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10):
276# According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST
277# from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010.
278#
279# "Daylight savings to commence this month"
280# <a href="http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719">
281# http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719
282# </a>
283# or
284# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html">
285# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html
286# </a>
287
288# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10):
289# The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved
290# amendments:
291# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml">
292# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml
293# </a>
294
295# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03):
296# The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on
297# 2010-03-28 at 03:00.
298# The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March
299# 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?).
300#
301# Official source:
302# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166">
303# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166
304# </a>
305#
306# A bit more background info here:
307# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html">
308# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html
309# </a>
310
311# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24):
312# According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3
313# weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011...
314# Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands,
315# Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site:
316# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155">
317# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155
318# </a>
319# or
320# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html">
321# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html
322# </a>
323
324# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-03):
325# Now the dates have been confirmed, and at least our start date
326# assumption was correct (end date was one week wrong).
327#
328# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155">
329# www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155
330# </a>
331# which says
332# Members of the public are reminded to change their time to one hour in
333# advance at 2am to 3am on October 23, 2011 and one hour back at 3am to
334# 2am on February 26 next year.
335
336# From Ken Rylander (2011-10-24)
337# Another change to the Fiji DST end date. In the TZ database the end date for
338# Fiji DST 2012, is currently Feb 26. This has been changed to Jan 22.
339#
340# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155">
341# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155
342# </a>
343# states:
344#
345# The end of daylight saving scheduled initially for the 26th of February 2012
346# has been brought forward to the 22nd of January 2012.
347# The commencement of daylight saving will remain unchanged and start
348# on the 23rd of October, 2011.
349
350# From the Fiji Government Online Portal (2012-08-21) via Steffen Thorsen:
351# The Minister for Labour, Industrial Relations and Employment Mr Jone Usamate
352# today confirmed that Fiji will start daylight savings at 2 am on Sunday 21st
353# October 2012 and end at 3 am on Sunday 20th January 2013.
354# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6702&catid=71&Itemid=155
355#
356# From Paul Eggert (2012-08-31):
357# For now, guess a pattern of the penultimate Sundays in October and January.
358
359# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
360Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
361Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 -
362Rule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 S
363Rule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 -
364Rule Fiji 2010 max - Oct Sun>=18 2:00 1:00 S
365Rule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 -
366Rule Fiji 2012 max - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 -
367# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
368Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:55:44 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva
369 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time
370
371# French Polynesia
372# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
373Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea
374 -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time
375Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct
376 -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time
377Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete
378 -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time
379# Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia;
380# it is uninhabited.
381
382# Guam
383# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
384Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
385 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana
386 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam
387 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time
388
389# Kiribati
390# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
391Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki
392 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time
393Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901
394 -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time
395 -11:00 - PHOT 1995
396 13:00 - PHOT
397Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901
398 -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time
399 -10:00 - LINT 1995
400 14:00 - LINT
401
402# N Mariana Is
403# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
404Zone Pacific/Saipan -14:17:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
405 9:43:00 - LMT 1901
406 9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time
407 10:00 - MPT 2000 Dec 23
408 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time
409
410# Marshall Is
411# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
412Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901
413 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time
414 12:00 - MHT
415Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901
416 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct
417 -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time
418 12:00 - MHT
419
420# Micronesia
421# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
422Zone Pacific/Chuuk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901
423 10:00 - CHUT # Chuuk Time
424Zone Pacific/Pohnpei 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia
425 11:00 - PONT # Pohnpei Time
426Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901
427 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time
428 12:00 - KOST 1999
429 11:00 - KOST
430
431# Nauru
432# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
433Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe
434 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time
435 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15
436 11:30 - NRT 1979 May
437 12:00 - NRT
438
439# New Caledonia
440# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
441Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
442Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 -
443Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S
444# Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA.
445Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 -
446# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
447Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13
448 11:00 NC NC%sT
449
450
451###############################################################################
452
453# New Zealand
454
455# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
456Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S
457Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M
458Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S
459Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M
460Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M
461Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S
462Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S
463# Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no
464# convenient notation for this so we must duplicate the Rule lines.
465Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
466Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D
467Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S
468Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S
469Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
470Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D
471Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
472Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S
473Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D
474Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D
475Rule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
476Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D
477Rule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
478Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S
479Rule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
480Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D
481Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
482Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S
483# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
484Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2
485 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1
486 12:00 NZ NZ%sT
487Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1957 Jan 1
488 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT
489
490
491# Auckland Is
492# uninhabited; Maori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers,
493# and scientific personnel have wintered
494
495# Campbell I
496# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914
497# scientific station operated 1941/1995;
498# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered
499# was probably like Pacific/Auckland
500
501###############################################################################
502
503
504# Niue
505# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
506Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi
507 -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time
508 -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1
509 -11:00 - NUT
510
511# Norfolk
512# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
513Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston
514 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time
515 11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time
516
517# Palau (Belau)
518# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
519Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror
520 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time
521
522# Papua New Guinea
523# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
524Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880
525 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time
526 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time
527
528# Pitcairn
529# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
530Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown
531 -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 00:00
532 -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time
533
534# American Samoa
535Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5
536 -11:22:48 - LMT 1911
537 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time
538 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome
539 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering
540 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa
541
542# Samoa
543
544# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16):
545# We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received
546# the following info:
547#
548# "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year
549# commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first
550# Sunday of April 2011."
551#
552# Background info:
553# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html">
554# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html
555# </a>
556#
557# Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not
558# contain any dates:
559# <a href="http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf">
560# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf
561# </a>
562
563# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07):
564# Please see
565# <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws">
566# http://www.mcil.gov.ws
567# </a>,
568# the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday
569# September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight
570# to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks
571# backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am"
572
573# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07):
574# I believe this will be posted shortly on the website
575# <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws">
576# www.mcil.gov.ws
577# </a>
578#
579# PUBLIC NOTICE ON DAYLIGHT SAVING TIME
580#
581# Pursuant to the Daylight Saving Act 2009 and Cabinets decision,
582# businesses and the general public are hereby advised that daylight
583# saving time is on the first Saturday of April 2011 (02/04/11).
584#
585# The public is therefore advised that when the standard time strikes
586# the hour of four oclock (4.00am or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011,
587# then all instruments used to measure standard time are to be
588# adjusted/changed to three oclock (3:00am or 0300Hrs).
589#
590# Margaret Fruean ACTING CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER MINISTRY OF COMMERCE,
591# INDUSTRY AND LABOUR 28th February 2011
592
593# From David Zuelke (2011-05-09):
594# Subject: Samoa to move timezone from east to west of international date line
595#
596# <a href="http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963">
597# http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963
598# </a>
599
600# From Mark Sim-Smith (2011-08-17):
601# I have been in contact with Leilani Tuala Warren from the Samoa Law
602# Reform Commission, and she has sent me a copy of the Bill that she
603# confirmed has been passed...Most of the sections are about maps rather
604# than the time zone change, but I'll paste the relevant bits below. But
605# the essence is that at midnight 29 Dec (UTC-11 I suppose), Samoa
606# changes from UTC-11 to UTC+13:
607#
608# International Date Line Bill 2011
609#
610# AN ACT to provide for the change to standard time in Samoa and to make
611# consequential amendments to the position of the International Date
612# Line, and for related purposes.
613#
614# BE IT ENACTED by the Legislative Assembly of Samoa in Parliament
615# assembled as follows:
616#
617# 1. Short title and commencement-(1) This Act may be cited as the
618# International Date Line Act 2011. (2) Except for section 5(3) this Act
619# commences at 12 o'clock midnight, on Thursday 29th December 2011. (3)
620# Section 5(3) commences on the date of assent by the Head of State.
621#
622# [snip]
623#
624# 3. Interpretation - [snip] "Samoa standard time" in this Act and any
625# other statute of Samoa which refers to 'Samoa standard time' means the
626# time 13 hours in advance of Co-ordinated Universal Time.
627#
628# 4. Samoa standard time - (1) Upon the commencement of this Act, Samoa
629# standard time shall be set at 13 hours in advance of Co-ordinated
630# Universal Time for the whole of Samoa. (2) All references to Samoa's
631# time zone and to Samoa standard time in Samoa in all legislation and
632# instruments after the commencement of this Act shall be references to
633# Samoa standard time as provided for in this Act. (3) Nothing in this
634# Act affects the provisions of the Daylight Saving Act 2009, except that
635# it defines Samoa standard time....
636
637# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-09-02):
638# <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html">
639# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html
640# </a>
641#
642# here is the official website publication for Samoa DST and dateline change
643#
644# DST
645# Year End Time Start Time
646# 2011 - - - - - - 24 September 3:00am to 4:00am
647# 2012 01 April 4:00am to 3:00am - - - - - -
648#
649# Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011
650# Thursday 29th December 2011 23:59:59 Hours
651# Saturday 31st December 2011 00:00:00 Hours
652#
653# Clarification by Tim Parenti (2012-01-03):
654# Although Samoa has used Daylight Saving Time in the 2010-2011 and 2011-2012
655# seasons, there is not yet any indication that this trend will continue on
656# a regular basis. For now, we have explicitly listed the transitions below.
657#
658# From Nicky (2012-09-10):
659# Daylight Saving Time commences on Sunday 30th September 2012 and
660# ends on Sunday 7th of April 2013.
661#
662# Please find link below for more information.
663# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html
664#
665# That publication also includes dates for Summer of 2013/4 as well
666# which give the impression of a pattern in selecting dates for the
667# future, so for now, we will guess this will continue.
668
669# Western Samoa
670# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
671Rule WS 2012 max - Sep lastSun 3:00 1 D
672Rule WS 2012 max - Apr Sun>=1 4:00 0 -
673# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
674Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5
675 -11:26:56 - LMT 1911
676 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time
677 -11:00 - WST 2010 Sep 26
678 -11:00 1:00 WSDT 2011 Apr 2 4:00
679 -11:00 - WST 2011 Sep 24 3:00
680 -11:00 1:00 WSDT 2011 Dec 30
681 13:00 1:00 WSDT 2012 Apr Sun>=1 4:00
682 13:00 WS WS%sT
683
684# Solomon Is
685# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea
686# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
687Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara
688 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time
689
690# Tokelau Is
691#
692# From Gwillim Law (2011-12-29)
693# A correspondent informed me that Tokelau, like Samoa, will be skipping
694# December 31 this year ...
695#
696# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-07-25)
697# ... we double checked by calling hotels and offices based in Tokelau asking
698# about the time there, and they all told a time that agrees with UTC+13....
699# Shanks says UTC-10 from 1901 [but] ... there is a good chance the change
700# actually was to UTC-11 back then.
701#
702# From Paul Eggert (2012-07-25)
703# A Google Books snippet of Appendix to the Journals of the House of
704# Representatives of New Zealand, Session 1948,
705# <http://books.google.com/books?id=ZaVCAQAAIAAJ>, page 65, says Tokelau
706# was "11 hours slow on G.M.T." Go with Thorsen and assume Shanks & Pottenger
707# are off by an hour starting in 1901.
708
709# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
710Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901
711 -11:00 - TKT 2011 Dec 30 # Tokelau Time
712 13:00 - TKT
713
714# Tonga
715# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
716Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S
717Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 -
718Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
719Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 -
720# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
721Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901
722 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time
723 13:00 - TOT 1999
724 13:00 Tonga TO%sT
725
726# Tuvalu
727# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
728Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901
729 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time
730
731
732# US minor outlying islands
733
734# Howland, Baker
735# Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British
736# 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known.
737# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944;
738# uninhabited thereafter.
739# Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UTC-10:30) in 1937;
740# see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long,
741# Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000).
742# So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935
743# until they were abandoned after the war.
744
745# Jarvis
746# Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?.
747# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958;
748# uninhabited thereafter.
749# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati
750
751# Johnston
752# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
753Zone Pacific/Johnston -10:00 - HST
754
755# Kingman
756# uninhabited
757
758# Midway
759#
760# From Mark Brader (2005-01-23):
761# [Fallacies and Fantasies of Air Transport History, by R.E.G. Davies,
762# published 1994 by Paladwr Press, McLean, VA, USA; ISBN 0-9626483-5-3]
763# reproduced a Pan American Airways timeables from 1936, for their weekly
764# "Orient Express" flights between San Francisco and Manila, and connecting
765# flights to Chicago and the US East Coast. As it uses some time zone
766# designations that I've never seen before:....
767# Fri. 6:30A Lv. HONOLOLU (Pearl Harbor), H.I. H.L.T. Ar. 5:30P Sun.
768# " 3:00P Ar. MIDWAY ISLAND . . . . . . . . . M.L.T. Lv. 6:00A "
769#
770Zone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901
771 -11:00 - NST 1956 Jun 3
772 -11:00 1:00 NDT 1956 Sep 2
773 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome
774 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering
775 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa
776
777# Palmyra
778# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati
779
780# Wake
781# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
782Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901
783 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time
784
785
786# Vanuatu
787# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
788Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S
789Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 -
790Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S
791Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S
792Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 -
793Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S
794# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
795Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila
796 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time
797
798# Wallis and Futuna
799# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
800Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
801 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time
802
803###############################################################################
804
805# NOTES
806
807# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
808# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
809# tz@iana.org for general use in the future).
810
811# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
812# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
813# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
814# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
815#
816# Gwillim Law writes that a good source
817# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
818# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
819# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
820# of the IATA's data after 1990.
821#
822# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
823# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
824#
825# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
826# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
827# I found in the UCLA library.
828#
829# For data circa 1899, a common source is:
830# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
831# <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>.
832#
833# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
834# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
835#
836# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
837# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
838# Corrections are welcome!
839# std dst
840# LMT Local Mean Time
841# 8:00 WST WST Western Australia
842# 8:45 CWST CWST Central Western Australia*
843# 9:00 JST Japan
844# 9:30 CST CST Central Australia
845# 10:00 EST EST Eastern Australia
846# 10:00 ChST Chamorro
847# 10:30 LHST LHST Lord Howe*
848# 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945
849# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present
850# 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham*
851# -11:00 SST Samoa
852# -10:00 HST Hawaii
853# - 8:00 PST Pitcairn*
854#
855# See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii.
856# See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is.
857
858###############################################################################
859
860# Australia
861
862# From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08):
863# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml">
864# Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia
865# </a> summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia.
866
867# From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12):
868# <a href="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving">
869# Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales
870# </a> covers New South Wales in particular.
871
872# From John Mackin (1991-03-06):
873# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time.
874# It is called `summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, `summer'
875# and `standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the
876# abbreviation does _not_ change...
877# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least
878# in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the
879# initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses
880# the phrase `summer time' and does not use the phrase `daylight
881# time'.
882# Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian
883# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases `Eastern Standard Time'
884# or `Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the
885# current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers
886# on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases
887# prefixed by the word `Australian' when referring to local times;
888# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC.
889
890# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
891# Given the above, what's chosen for year-round use is:
892# CST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 9:30
893# WST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00
894# EST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00
895
896# From Chuck Soper (2006-06-01):
897# I recently found this Australian government web page on time zones:
898# <http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia-13time>
899# And this government web page lists time zone names and abbreviations:
900# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml>
901
902# From Paul Eggert (2001-04-05), summarizing a long discussion about "EST"
903# versus "AEST" etc.:
904#
905# I see the following points of dispute:
906#
907# * How important are unique time zone abbreviations?
908#
909# Here I tend to agree with the point (most recently made by Chris
910# Newman) that unique abbreviations should not be essential for proper
911# operation of software. We have other instances of ambiguity
912# (e.g. "IST" denoting both "Israel Standard Time" and "Indian
913# Standard Time"), and they are not likely to go away any time soon.
914# In the old days, some software mistakenly relied on unique
915# abbreviations, but this is becoming less true with time, and I don't
916# think it's that important to cater to such software these days.
917#
918# On the other hand, there is another motivation for unambiguous
919# abbreviations: it cuts down on human confusion. This is
920# particularly true for Australia, where "EST" can mean one thing for
921# time T and a different thing for time T plus 1 second.
922#
923# * Does the relevant legislation indicate which abbreviations should be used?
924#
925# Here I tend to think that things are a mess, just as they are in
926# many other countries. We Americans are currently disagreeing about
927# which abbreviation to use for the newly legislated Chamorro Standard
928# Time, for example.
929#
930# Personally, I would prefer to use common practice; I would like to
931# refer to legislation only for examples of common practice, or as a
932# tiebreaker.
933#
934# * Do Australians more often use "Eastern Daylight Time" or "Eastern
935# Summer Time"? Do they typically prefix the time zone names with
936# the word "Australian"?
937#
938# My own impression is that both "Daylight Time" and "Summer Time" are
939# common and are widely understood, but that "Summer Time" is more
940# popular; and that the leading "A" is also common but is omitted more
941# often than not. I just used AltaVista advanced search and got the
942# following count of page hits:
943#
944# 1,103 "Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au
945# 971 "Australian Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au
946# 613 "Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au
947# 127 "Australian Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au
948#
949# Here "Summer" seems quite a bit more popular than "Daylight",
950# particularly when we know the time zone is Australian and not US,
951# say. The "Australian" prefix seems to be popular for Eastern Summer
952# Time, but unpopular for Eastern Daylight Time.
953#
954# For abbreviations, tools like AltaVista are less useful because of
955# ambiguity. Many hits are not really time zones, unfortunately, and
956# many hits denote US time zones and not Australian ones. But here
957# are the hit counts anyway:
958#
959# 161,304 "EST" and domain:au
960# 25,156 "EDT" and domain:au
961# 18,263 "AEST" and domain:au
962# 10,416 "AEDT" and domain:au
963#
964# 14,538 "CST" and domain:au
965# 5,728 "CDT" and domain:au
966# 176 "ACST" and domain:au
967# 29 "ACDT" and domain:au
968#
969# 7,539 "WST" and domain:au
970# 68 "AWST" and domain:au
971#
972# This data suggest that Australians tend to omit the "A" prefix in
973# practice. The situation for "ST" versus "DT" is less clear, given
974# the ambiguities involved.
975#
976# * How do Australians feel about the abbreviations in the tz database?
977#
978# If you just count Australians on this list, I count 2 in favor and 3
979# against. One of the "against" votes (David Keegel) counseled delay,
980# saying that both AEST/AEDT and EST/EST are widely used and
981# understood in Australia.
982
983# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
984# Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ.
985# Mark Prior writes that his newspaper
986# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00,
987# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970
988# and perhaps the newspaper's `2:00' is referring to standard time.
989# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960.
990
991# From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05):
992#
993# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable,
994# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more
995# relevant entries in this database.
996#
997# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill):
998# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html">
999# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04)
1000# </a>
1001# ACT
1002# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html">
1003# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972
1004# </a>
1005# SA
1006# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html">
1007# Standard Time Act, 1898
1008# </a>
1009
1010# From David Grosz (2005-06-13):
1011# It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by
1012# one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games.
1013# Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday
1014# in April instead of the last Sunday in March.
1015#
1016# From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14):
1017# I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan
1018# to extend DST together in 2006.
1019# ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt
1020# New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html
1021# South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html
1022# Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772
1023# Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles
1024# allude to it.
1025# But not Queensland
1026# http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html.
1027
1028# Northern Territory
1029
1030# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1031# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ]
1032# # [ Nov 1990 ]
1033# # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location.
1034# ...
1035# Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST
1036
1037# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
1038# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
1039# the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving.
1040
1041# Western Australia
1042
1043# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1044# # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ]
1045# # [ Nov 1990 ]
1046# # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to
1047# # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but
1048# # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus
1049# # before reaching parliament.
1050# ...
1051# Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST
1052# ...
1053# Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1054# Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W
1055# Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1056# Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W
1057
1058# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
1059# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
1060# Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving.
1061
1062# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02):
1063# Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney
1064# rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at
1065# work at 9.00am.)
1066# W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse
1067# everybody again.
1068
1069# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
1070# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess;
1071# it matches what was used in the past.
1072
1073# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm">
1074# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ
1075# </a> (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses
1076# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia.
1077
1078# Queensland
1079# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1080# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ]
1081# # [ Dec 1990 ]
1082# ...
1083# Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST
1084# ...
1085# Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1086# Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E
1087# Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1088# Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E
1089
1090# From Bradley White (1989-12-24):
1091# "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from
1092# October 1989).
1093
1094# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
1095# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
1096# ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving
1097# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
1098
1099# From John Mackin (1991-03-06):
1100# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact
1101# end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised
1102# me.)
1103
1104# From Bradley White (1992-03-08):
1105# ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted
1106# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ...
1107# ...
1108# Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1109# Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S
1110# ...
1111
1112# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
1113# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes.
1114
1115# From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning
1116# from Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-11-01):
1117# WA are trialing DST for three years.
1118# <http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf>
1119
1120# From Rives McDow (2002-04-09):
1121# The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the
1122# southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western
1123# Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The
1124# residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so
1125# much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the
1126# international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South
1127# Australia and Western Australia....
1128#
1129# From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09):
1130# This is confirmed by the section entitled
1131# "What's the deal with time zones???" in
1132# <http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html>.
1133#
1134# From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07):
1135# ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway,
1136# which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern
1137# coast of the continent.
1138#
1139# I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no
1140# dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border
1141# village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west
1142# as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is
1143# the largest population centre in this zone....
1144#
1145# Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the
1146# question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I
1147# just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have,
1148# meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45.
1149#
1150# (2006-12-09):
1151# I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving
1152# in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis
1153# of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well
1154# before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago.
1155
1156# From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15):
1157# For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the
1158# introduction of standard time in 1895.
1159
1160
1161# southeast Australia
1162#
1163# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
1164# Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT
1165# end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October.
1166# http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html
1167
1168
1169# South Australia
1170
1171# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
1172# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
1173# ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving
1174# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
1175
1176# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1177# # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ]
1178# # [ Nov 1990 ]
1179# ...
1180# Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST
1181# ...
1182# Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1183# Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C
1184# Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C
1185# Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C
1186
1187# From Bradley White (1992-03-11):
1188# Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide
1189# contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival,
1190# South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks."
1191
1192# From Robert Elz (1992-03-13):
1193# I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that)
1194# South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even
1195# numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival
1196# is on...
1197
1198# From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000):
1199# DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday)....
1200# But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever...
1201# (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...).
1202
1203# From Bradley White (1994-04-11):
1204# If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March,
1205# 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can
1206# only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated....
1207
1208# From John Warburton (1994-10-07):
1209# The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ...
1210# was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994....
1211# start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March.
1212
1213# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
1214# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
1215
1216# Tasmania
1217
1218# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd
1219# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1220# # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ]
1221# # [ Nov 1990 ]
1222
1223# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10):
1224# Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have
1225# 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia
1226# (but nothing new about that).
1227
1228# From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04):
1229# I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the
1230# (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard,
1231# has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria
1232# (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000
1233# instead of the first Sunday in October.
1234
1235# Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules:
1236# http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300
1237
1238# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
1239# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
1240
1241# Victoria
1242
1243# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd
1244# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1245# # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ]
1246# # [ Nov 1990 ]
1247
1248# From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29):
1249# On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an
1250# interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was
1251# discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar
1252# Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located
1253# in Melbourne, Australia.
1254#
1255# Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which
1256# illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day
1257# of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's
1258# fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time,
1259# you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the
1260# expected time.
1261#
1262# However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had
1263# to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of
1264# the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps
1265# someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more.
1266#
1267# [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html
1268# [2] http://www.shrine.org.au
1269
1270# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
1271# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
1272
1273# New South Wales
1274
1275# From Arthur David Olson:
1276# New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time.
1277# Based on law library research by John Mackin,
1278# who notes:
1279# In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the
1280# individual states. Thus, while such terms as ``Eastern Standard Time''
1281# [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common
1282# use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the
1283# legislation. This is very important to understand.
1284# I have researched New South Wales time only...
1285
1286# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26):
1287# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual
1288# October in 2000. [See: Matthew Moore,
1289# <a href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html">
1290# Two months more daylight saving
1291# </a>
1292# Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).]
1293
1294# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27):
1295# See the following official NSW source:
1296# <a href="http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ">
1297# Daylight Saving in New South Wales.
1298# </a>
1299#
1300# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of
1301# daylight saving next year. See:
1302# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm">
1303# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving
1304# </a> (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens.
1305#
1306# Victoria will following NSW. See:
1307# <a href="http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm">
1308# Vic to extend daylight saving
1309# </a> (1999-07-28).
1310#
1311# However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See:
1312# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm">
1313# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request
1314# </a> (1999-07-19).
1315#
1316# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See:
1317# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm">
1318# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics
1319# </a> (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying
1320# ``Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time
1321# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very
1322# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of
1323# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night.
1324# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules.''
1325#
1326# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See:
1327# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm">
1328# Broken Hill to be behind the times
1329# </a> (1999-07-21).
1330
1331# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian
1332# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken
1333# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics.
1334
1335# From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29:
1336# The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW
1337# towns to use Queensland time.
1338
1339# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
1340# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
1341
1342# Yancowinna
1343
1344# From John Mackin (1989-01-04):
1345# `Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna.
1346
1347# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1348# # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ]
1349# # [ Dec 1990 ]
1350# ...
1351# # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the
1352# # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings
1353# # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government
1354# # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have
1355# # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not
1356# # presently available.
1357# Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST
1358# ...
1359# Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1360# Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C
1361# [followed by other Rules]
1362
1363# Lord Howe Island
1364
1365# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1366# LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ]
1367# [ Dec 1990 ]
1368# Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an
1369# hour ahead of NSW time.
1370
1371# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27):
1372# Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same
1373# date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the
1374# Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is
1375# seeking the community's views on various options for summer time
1376# arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour
1377# instead of only 30 minutes. [Dependent] on the wishes of residents
1378# the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing
1379# arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will
1380# however always coincide with the rest of NSW.
1381
1382# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25):
1383# Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards
1384# clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently
1385# introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as
1386# shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start
1387# of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW.
1388
1389# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1390# For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and
1391# Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan.
1392
1393# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
1394# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
1395
1396# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28):
1397# According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight
1398# saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009
1399# summer (southern hemisphere).
1400#
1401# From
1402# <a href="http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf">
1403# http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf
1404# </a>
1405# The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling
1406# for over the last year is now set to be ongoing.
1407# Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each
1408# year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year.
1409# Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia
1410# with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and
1411# the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year...
1412#
1413# We have a wrap-up here:
1414# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html">
1415# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html
1416# </a>
1417###############################################################################
1418
1419# New Zealand
1420
1421# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03):
1422# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period.
1423# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for
1424# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start).
1425# source -- phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office.
1426
1427# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1428# # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that!
1429# # or is Australia the west island of N.Z.
1430# # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ]
1431# # [ Nov 1990 ]
1432# ...
1433# Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1434# Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1435# Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S
1436# Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S
1437# ...
1438# Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand
1439# Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island
1440
1441# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
1442# The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989
1443# rather than the October 1 value.
1444
1445# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19);
1446# Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ.
1447# Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight
1448# Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard
1449# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March.
1450# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00.
1451#
1452# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1453# The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history,
1454# as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references.
1455# Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger.
1456#
1457# For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with
1458# transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham
1459# is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland.
1460
1461# From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30):
1462# DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the
1463# first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning
1464# that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06.
1465# http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended
1466
1467###############################################################################
1468
1469
1470# Fiji
1471
1472# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji
1473# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time
1474# instead of the American system (which was one day behind).
1475
1476# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08):
1477# Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01
1478# until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will
1479# be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February.
1480
1481# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08):
1482# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow.
1483
1484# From the BBC World Service in
1485# http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/205226.stm (1998-10-31 16:03 UTC):
1486# The Fijiian government says the main reasons for the time change is to
1487# improve productivity and reduce road accidents.... [T]he move is also
1488# intended to boost Fiji's ability to attract tourists to witness the dawning
1489# of the new millennium.
1490
1491# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13)
1492# reports that Fiji has discontinued DST.
1493
1494# Johnston
1495
1496# Johnston data is from usno1995.
1497
1498
1499# Kiribati
1500
1501# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
1502# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati
1503# ``declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995''
1504# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century.
1505
1506
1507# Kwajalein
1508
1509# In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes:
1510# I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday,
1511# 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with
1512# respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands,
1513# going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink.
1514
1515
1516# N Mariana Is, Guam
1517
1518# Howse writes (p 153) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the
1519# Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones
1520# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time.
1521# For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines;
1522# see Asia/Manila.
1523
1524# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time,
1525# under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation,
1526# but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law,
1527# wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST".
1528
1529
1530# Micronesia
1531
1532# Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16),
1533# ``I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that "Truk"
1534# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10.''
1535#
1536# Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11
1537# on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now.
1538
1539# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
1540# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in
1541# <a href="http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html">
1542# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information
1543# </a> (1999-01-26)
1544# that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11.
1545# We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now.
1546
1547
1548# Midway
1549
1550# From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956),
1551# quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection
1552# <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31):
1553# For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight
1554# Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning,
1555# your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956
1556# we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to
1557# air at 6am your time.
1558#
1559# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23):
1560# We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they
1561# started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years
1562# in Midway, but we have no record of it.
1563
1564
1565# Pitcairn
1566
1567# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08):
1568# A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998
1569# with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows.
1570#
1571# The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be
1572# Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known
1573# as Pitcairn Standard Time.
1574#
1575# ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several
1576# references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation
1577# somehow in light of this proclamation.
1578
1579# From Rives McDow (1999-11-09):
1580# The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998
1581# ... at midnight.
1582
1583# From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave:
1584# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as
1585# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in
1586# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago.
1587
1588
1589# Samoa
1590
1591# Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald)
1592# that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change
1593# ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system,
1594# ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that
1595# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.''
1596
1597
1598# Tonga
1599
1600# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
1601# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting
1602# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.''
1603# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do.
1604
1605# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle
1606# <a href="http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm">
1607# How Tonga became `The Land where Time Begins'
1608# </a>:
1609
1610# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST
1611# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its
1612# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its
1613# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of
1614# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees
1615# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time).
1616#
1617# Because His Majesty King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince
1618# Tungi, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time
1619# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change.
1620#
1621# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer
1622# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40
1623# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40
1624# minutes we have lost?"
1625#
1626# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that
1627# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth
1628# to say your prayers in the morning."
1629
1630# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1631# Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell.
1632
1633# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03):
1634# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millennium
1635# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front.
1636# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from
1637# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan
1638# Government.
1639
1640# From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
1641# * Tonga will introduce DST in November
1642#
1643# I was given this link by John Letts:
1644# <a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm">
1645# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm
1646# </a>
1647#
1648# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November
1649# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead
1650# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead
1651# (12 + 1 hour DST).
1652
1653# From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20):
1654# According to <a href="http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html">
1655# http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html
1656# </a>:
1657# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000
1658# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the
1659# third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on
1660# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and
1661# set back an hour on the closing date."
1662# Alas, no indication of the time of day.
1663
1664# From Rives McDow (1999-10-06):
1665# Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am.
1666# Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning.
1667
1668# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31):
1669# Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com
1670# that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19
1671# instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article
1672# is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the
1673# text, and I have forgotten to report it here.
1674# (Original URL was: http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm )
1675
1676# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01):
1677# Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27.
1678
1679# From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow:
1680# At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom
1681# shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday
1682# of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one
1683# hour to 1:00am.
1684
1685# From Pulu 'Anau (2002-11-05):
1686# The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't.
1687
1688
1689# Wake
1690
1691# From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup,
1692# US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02):
1693#
1694# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] -- ... The time was all the
1695# more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the
1696# International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we
1697# discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time
1698# making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost
1699# impossible.
1700#
1701# http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm
1702
1703# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23):
1704# We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now.
1705
1706###############################################################################
1707
1708# The International Date Line
1709
1710# From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03):
1711#
1712# The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard,
1713# convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please.
1714# Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on
1715# the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there.
1716#
1717# When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and
1718# Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL
1719# to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most
1720# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line
1721# has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific
1722# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international
1723# convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is
1724# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some
1725# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not
1726# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the
1727# correct date is ambiguous.
1728
1729# From Wikipedia <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31):
1730# Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting
1731# their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's
1732# speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's
1733# meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the
1734# Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all
1735# ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones
1736# on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any
1737# nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted
1738# to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's
1739# entry into another zone time--he often chose midnight. These zones were
1740# adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many
1741# independent merchant ships until World War II.
1742
1743# From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen
1744# (2005-03-20):
1745#
1746# The American Practical Navigator (2002)
1747# <http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187>
1748# talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in
1749# international waters; it ignores the international date line.