1# <pre>
2# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
3# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
4
5# This file also includes Pacific islands.
6
7# Notes are at the end of this file
8
9###############################################################################
10
11# Australia
12
13# Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc.
14
15# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
16Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 -
17Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 -
18Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 -
19Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 -
20Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 -
21Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
22Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 -
23# Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which
24# says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that
25# 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944.
26
27# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
28# Northern Territory
29Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
30 9:00 - CST 1899 May
31 9:30 Aus CST
32# Western Australia
33#
34# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
35Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
36Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
37Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
38Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
39Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 -
40Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
41Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 -
42Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
43Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
44Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec
45 8:00 Aus WST 1943 Jul
46 8:00 AW WST
47Zone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec
48 8:45 Aus CWST 1943 Jul
49 8:45 AW CWST
50
51# Queensland
52#
53# From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01):
54# I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast
55# of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after
56# Queensland ceased to.
57#
58# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
59# IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman,
60# Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped.
61# Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria,
62# so use Lindeman.
63#
64# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
65Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
66Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 -
67Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
68Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
69Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
70Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
71Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895
72 10:00 Aus EST 1971
73 10:00 AQ EST
74Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895
75 10:00 Aus EST 1971
76 10:00 AQ EST 1992 Jul
77 10:00 Holiday EST
78
79# South Australia
80# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
81Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
82Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 -
83Rule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
84Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 -
85Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
86Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
87Rule AS 1991 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 -
88Rule AS 1992 only - Mar 22 2:00s 0 -
89Rule AS 1993 only - Mar 7 2:00s 0 -
90Rule AS 1994 only - Mar 20 2:00s 0 -
91Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
92Rule AS 2006 only - Apr 2 2:00s 0 -
93Rule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
94Rule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
95Rule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
96# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
97Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
98 9:00 - CST 1899 May
99 9:30 Aus CST 1971
100 9:30 AS CST
101
102# Tasmania
103#
104# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16):
105# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml>
106# says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971.
107#
108# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
109Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
110Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
111Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
112Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 -
113Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 -
114Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
115Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
116Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
117Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 -
118Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
119Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 -
120Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
121Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
122Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
123Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
124Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
125Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
126Rule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
127Rule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
128# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
129Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep
130 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
131 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb
132 10:00 Aus EST 1967
133 10:00 AT EST
134Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep
135 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
136 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb
137 10:00 Aus EST 1971 Jul
138 10:00 AT EST
139
140# Victoria
141# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
142Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
143Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 -
144Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
145Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
146Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 -
147Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
148Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
149Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
150Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
151Rule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
152Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
153Rule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
154Rule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
155Rule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
156# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
157Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
158 10:00 Aus EST 1971
159 10:00 AV EST
160
161# New South Wales
162# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
163Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
164Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 -
165Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
166Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
167Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
168Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
169Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 -
170Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
171Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
172Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
173Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
174Rule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
175Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
176Rule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
177Rule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
178Rule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
179# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
180Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
181 10:00 Aus EST 1971
182 10:00 AN EST
183Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb
184 10:00 - EST 1896 Aug 23
185 9:00 - CST 1899 May
186 9:30 Aus CST 1971
187 9:30 AN CST 2000
188 9:30 AS CST
189
190# Lord Howe Island
191# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
192Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 -
193Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
194Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 -
195Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
196Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 -
197Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 -
198Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
199Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
200Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 -
201Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 -
202Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
203Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
204Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
205Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 -
206Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
207 10:00 - EST 1981 Mar
208 10:30 LH LHST
209
210# Australian miscellany
211#
212# Ashmore Is, Cartier
213# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers
214# no times are set
215#
216# Coral Sea Is
217# no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists
218# no times are set
219#
220# Macquarie
221# permanent occupation (scientific station) since 1948;
222# sealing and penguin oil station operated 1888/1917
223# like Australia/Hobart
224
225# Christmas
226# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
227Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
228 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time
229
230# Cook Is
231# From Shanks & Pottenger:
232# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
233Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS
234Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
235Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS
236# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
237Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua
238 -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time
239 -10:00 Cook CK%sT
240
241# Cocos
242# These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978.
243# We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900.
244# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
245Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900
246 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time
247
248# Fiji
249# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10):
250# According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST
251# from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010.
252#
253# "Daylight savings to commence this month"
254# <a href="http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719">
255# http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719
256# </a>
257# or
258# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html">
259# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html
260# </a>
261
262# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10):
263# The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved
264# amendments:
265# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml">
266# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml
267# </a>
268
269# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03):
270# The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on
271# 2010-03-28 at 03:00.
272# The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March
273# 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?).
274#
275# Official source:
276# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166">
277# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166
278# </a>
279#
280# A bit more background info here:
281# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html">
282# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html
283# </a>
284
285# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24):
286# According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3
287# weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011...
288# Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands,
289# Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site:
290# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155">
291# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155
292# </a>
293# or
294# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html">
295# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html
296# </a>
297
298# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-03):
299# Now the dates have been confirmed, and at least our start date
300# assumption was correct (end date was one week wrong).
301#
302# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155">
303# www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155
304# </a>
305# which says
306# Members of the public are reminded to change their time to one hour in
307# advance at 2am to 3am on October 23, 2011 and one hour back at 3am to
308# 2am on February 26 next year.
309
310# From Ken Rylander (2011-10-24)
311# Another change to the Fiji DST end date. In the TZ database the end date for
312# Fiji DST 2012, is currently Feb 26. This has been changed to Jan 22.
313#
314# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155">
315# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155
316# </a>
317# states:
318#
319# The end of daylight saving scheduled initially for the 26th of February 2012
320# has been brought forward to the 22nd of January 2012.
321# The commencement of daylight saving will remain unchanged and start
322# on the 23rd of October, 2011.
323
324# From the Fiji Government Online Portal (2012-08-21) via Steffen Thorsen:
325# The Minister for Labour, Industrial Relations and Employment Mr Jone Usamate
326# today confirmed that Fiji will start daylight savings at 2 am on Sunday 21st
327# October 2012 and end at 3 am on Sunday 20th January 2013.
328# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6702&catid=71&Itemid=155
329#
330# From Paul Eggert (2012-08-31):
331# For now, guess a pattern of the penultimate Sundays in October and January.
332
333# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
334Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
335Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 -
336Rule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 S
337Rule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 -
338Rule Fiji 2010 max - Oct Sun>=18 2:00 1:00 S
339Rule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 -
340Rule Fiji 2012 max - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 -
341# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
342Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:53:40 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva
343 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time
344
345# French Polynesia
346# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
347Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea
348 -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time
349Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct
350 -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time
351Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete
352 -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time
353# Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia;
354# it is uninhabited.
355
356# Guam
357# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
358Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
359 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana
360 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam
361 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time
362
363# Kiribati
364# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
365Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki
366 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time
367Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901
368 -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time
369 -11:00 - PHOT 1995
370 13:00 - PHOT
371Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901
372 -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time
373 -10:00 - LINT 1995
374 14:00 - LINT
375
376# N Mariana Is
377# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
378Zone Pacific/Saipan -14:17:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
379 9:43:00 - LMT 1901
380 9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time
381 10:00 - MPT 2000 Dec 23
382 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time
383
384# Marshall Is
385# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
386Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901
387 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time
388 12:00 - MHT
389Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901
390 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct
391 -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time
392 12:00 - MHT
393
394# Micronesia
395# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
396Zone Pacific/Chuuk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901
397 10:00 - CHUT # Chuuk Time
398Zone Pacific/Pohnpei 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia
399 11:00 - PONT # Pohnpei Time
400Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901
401 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time
402 12:00 - KOST 1999
403 11:00 - KOST
404
405# Nauru
406# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
407Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe
408 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time
409 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15
410 11:30 - NRT 1979 May
411 12:00 - NRT
412
413# New Caledonia
414# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
415Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
416Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 -
417Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S
418# Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA.
419Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 -
420# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
421Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13
422 11:00 NC NC%sT
423
424
425###############################################################################
426
427# New Zealand
428
429# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
430Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S
431Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M
432Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S
433Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M
434Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M
435Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S
436Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S
437# Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no
438# convenient notation for this so we must duplicate the Rule lines.
439Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
440Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D
441Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S
442Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S
443Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
444Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D
445Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
446Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S
447Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D
448Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D
449Rule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
450Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D
451Rule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
452Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S
453Rule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
454Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D
455Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
456Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S
457# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
458Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2
459 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1
460 12:00 NZ NZ%sT
461Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1957 Jan 1
462 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT
463
464
465# Auckland Is
466# uninhabited; Maori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers,
467# and scientific personnel have wintered
468
469# Campbell I
470# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914
471# scientific station operated 1941/1995;
472# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered
473# was probably like Pacific/Auckland
474
475###############################################################################
476
477
478# Niue
479# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
480Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi
481 -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time
482 -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1
483 -11:00 - NUT
484
485# Norfolk
486# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
487Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston
488 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time
489 11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time
490
491# Palau (Belau)
492# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
493Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror
494 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time
495
496# Papua New Guinea
497# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
498Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880
499 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time
500 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time
501
502# Pitcairn
503# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
504Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown
505 -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 00:00
506 -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time
507
508# American Samoa
509Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5
510 -11:22:48 - LMT 1911
511 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time
512 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome
513 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering
514 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa
515
516# Samoa
517
518# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16):
519# We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received
520# the following info:
521#
522# "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year
523# commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first
524# Sunday of April 2011."
525#
526# Background info:
527# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html">
528# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html
529# </a>
530#
531# Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not
532# contain any dates:
533# <a href="http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf">
534# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf
535# </a>
536
537# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07):
538# Please see
539# <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws">
540# http://www.mcil.gov.ws
541# </a>,
542# the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday
543# September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight
544# to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks
545# backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am"
546
547# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07):
548# I believe this will be posted shortly on the website
549# <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws">
550# www.mcil.gov.ws
551# </a>
552#
553# PUBLIC NOTICE ON DAYLIGHT SAVING TIME
554#
555# Pursuant to the Daylight Saving Act 2009 and Cabinets decision,
556# businesses and the general public are hereby advised that daylight
557# saving time is on the first Saturday of April 2011 (02/04/11).
558#
559# The public is therefore advised that when the standard time strikes
560# the hour of four oclock (4.00am or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011,
561# then all instruments used to measure standard time are to be
562# adjusted/changed to three oclock (3:00am or 0300Hrs).
563#
564# Margaret Fruean ACTING CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER MINISTRY OF COMMERCE,
565# INDUSTRY AND LABOUR 28th February 2011
566
567# From David Zuelke (2011-05-09):
568# Subject: Samoa to move timezone from east to west of international date line
569#
570# <a href="http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963">
571# http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963
572# </a>
573
574# From Mark Sim-Smith (2011-08-17):
575# I have been in contact with Leilani Tuala Warren from the Samoa Law
576# Reform Commission, and she has sent me a copy of the Bill that she
577# confirmed has been passed...Most of the sections are about maps rather
578# than the time zone change, but I'll paste the relevant bits below. But
579# the essence is that at midnight 29 Dec (UTC-11 I suppose), Samoa
580# changes from UTC-11 to UTC+13:
581#
582# International Date Line Bill 2011
583#
584# AN ACT to provide for the change to standard time in Samoa and to make
585# consequential amendments to the position of the International Date
586# Line, and for related purposes.
587#
588# BE IT ENACTED by the Legislative Assembly of Samoa in Parliament
589# assembled as follows:
590#
591# 1. Short title and commencement-(1) This Act may be cited as the
592# International Date Line Act 2011. (2) Except for section 5(3) this Act
593# commences at 12 o'clock midnight, on Thursday 29th December 2011. (3)
594# Section 5(3) commences on the date of assent by the Head of State.
595#
596# [snip]
597#
598# 3. Interpretation - [snip] "Samoa standard time" in this Act and any
599# other statute of Samoa which refers to 'Samoa standard time' means the
600# time 13 hours in advance of Co-ordinated Universal Time.
601#
602# 4. Samoa standard time - (1) Upon the commencement of this Act, Samoa
603# standard time shall be set at 13 hours in advance of Co-ordinated
604# Universal Time for the whole of Samoa. (2) All references to Samoa's
605# time zone and to Samoa standard time in Samoa in all legislation and
606# instruments after the commencement of this Act shall be references to
607# Samoa standard time as provided for in this Act. (3) Nothing in this
608# Act affects the provisions of the Daylight Saving Act 2009, except that
609# it defines Samoa standard time....
610
611# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-09-02):
612# <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html">
613# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html
614# </a>
615#
616# here is the official website publication for Samoa DST and dateline change
617#
618# DST
619# Year End Time Start Time
620# 2011 - - - - - - 24 September 3:00am to 4:00am
621# 2012 01 April 4:00am to 3:00am - - - - - -
622#
623# Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011
624# Thursday 29th December 2011 23:59:59 Hours
625# Saturday 31st December 2011 00:00:00 Hours
626#
627# Clarification by Tim Parenti (2012-01-03):
628# Although Samoa has used Daylight Saving Time in the 2010-2011 and 2011-2012
629# seasons, there is not yet any indication that this trend will continue on
630# a regular basis. For now, we have explicitly listed the transitions below.
631Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5
632 -11:26:56 - LMT 1911
633 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time
634 -11:00 - WST 2010 Sep 26
635 -11:00 1:00 WSDT 2011 Apr 2 4:00
636 -11:00 - WST 2011 Sep 24 3:00
637 -11:00 1:00 WSDT 2011 Dec 30
638 13:00 1:00 WSDT 2012 Apr 1 4:00
639 13:00 - WST
640
641# Solomon Is
642# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea
643# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
644Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara
645 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time
646
647# Tokelau Is
648#
649# From Gwillim Law (2011-12-29)
650# A correspondent informed me that Tokelau, like Samoa, will be skipping
651# December 31 this year ...
652#
653# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-07-25)
654# ... we double checked by calling hotels and offices based in Tokelau asking
655# about the time there, and they all told a time that agrees with UTC+13....
656# Shanks says UTC-10 from 1901 [but] ... there is a good chance the change
657# actually was to UTC-11 back then.
658#
659# From Paul Eggert (2012-07-25)
660# A Google Books snippet of Appendix to the Journals of the House of
661# Representatives of New Zealand, Session 1948,
662# <http://books.google.com/books?id=ZaVCAQAAIAAJ>, page 65, says Tokelau
663# was "11 hours slow on G.M.T." Go with Thorsen and assume Shanks & Pottenger
664# are off by an hour starting in 1901.
665
666# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
667Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901
668 -11:00 - TKT 2011 Dec 30 # Tokelau Time
669 13:00 - TKT
670
671# Tonga
672# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
673Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S
674Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 -
675Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
676Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 -
677# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
678Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901
679 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time
680 13:00 - TOT 1999
681 13:00 Tonga TO%sT
682
683# Tuvalu
684# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
685Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901
686 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time
687
688
689# US minor outlying islands
690
691# Howland, Baker
692# Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British
693# 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known.
694# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944;
695# uninhabited thereafter.
696# Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UTC-10:30) in 1937;
697# see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long,
698# Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000).
699# So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935
700# until they were abandoned after the war.
701
702# Jarvis
703# Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?.
704# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958;
705# uninhabited thereafter.
706# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati
707
708# Johnston
709# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
710Zone Pacific/Johnston -10:00 - HST
711
712# Kingman
713# uninhabited
714
715# Midway
716#
717# From Mark Brader (2005-01-23):
718# [Fallacies and Fantasies of Air Transport History, by R.E.G. Davies,
719# published 1994 by Paladwr Press, McLean, VA, USA; ISBN 0-9626483-5-3]
720# reproduced a Pan American Airways timeables from 1936, for their weekly
721# "Orient Express" flights between San Francisco and Manila, and connecting
722# flights to Chicago and the US East Coast. As it uses some time zone
723# designations that I've never seen before:....
724# Fri. 6:30A Lv. HONOLOLU (Pearl Harbor), H.I. H.L.T. Ar. 5:30P Sun.
725# " 3:00P Ar. MIDWAY ISLAND . . . . . . . . . M.L.T. Lv. 6:00A "
726#
727Zone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901
728 -11:00 - NST 1956 Jun 3
729 -11:00 1:00 NDT 1956 Sep 2
730 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome
731 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering
732 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa
733
734# Palmyra
735# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati
736
737# Wake
738# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
739Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901
740 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time
741
742
743# Vanuatu
744# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
745Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S
746Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 -
747Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S
748Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S
749Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 -
750Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S
751# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
752Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila
753 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time
754
755# Wallis and Futuna
756# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
757Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
758 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time
759
760###############################################################################
761
762# NOTES
763
764# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
765# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
766# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
767
768# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
769# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
770# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
771# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
772#
773# Gwillim Law writes that a good source
774# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
775# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
776# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
777# of the IATA's data after 1990.
778#
779# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
780# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
781#
782# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
783# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
784# I found in the UCLA library.
785#
786# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
787# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
788#
789# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
790# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
791# Corrections are welcome!
792# std dst
793# LMT Local Mean Time
794# 8:00 WST WST Western Australia
795# 8:45 CWST CWST Central Western Australia*
796# 9:00 JST Japan
797# 9:30 CST CST Central Australia
798# 10:00 EST EST Eastern Australia
799# 10:00 ChST Chamorro
800# 10:30 LHST LHST Lord Howe*
801# 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945
802# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present
803# 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham*
804# -11:00 SST Samoa
805# -10:00 HST Hawaii
806# - 8:00 PST Pitcairn*
807#
808# See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii.
809# See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is.
810
811###############################################################################
812
813# Australia
814
815# From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08):
816# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml">
817# Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia
818# </a> summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia.
819
820# From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12):
821# <a href="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving">
822# Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales
823# </a> covers New South Wales in particular.
824
825# From John Mackin (1991-03-06):
826# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time.
827# It is called `summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, `summer'
828# and `standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the
829# abbreviation does _not_ change...
830# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least
831# in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the
832# initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses
833# the phrase `summer time' and does not use the phrase `daylight
834# time'.
835# Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian
836# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases `Eastern Standard Time'
837# or `Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the
838# current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers
839# on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases
840# prefixed by the word `Australian' when referring to local times;
841# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC.
842
843# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
844# Given the above, what's chosen for year-round use is:
845# CST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 9:30
846# WST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00
847# EST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00
848
849# From Chuck Soper (2006-06-01):
850# I recently found this Australian government web page on time zones:
851# <http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia-13time>
852# And this government web page lists time zone names and abbreviations:
853# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml>
854
855# From Paul Eggert (2001-04-05), summarizing a long discussion about "EST"
856# versus "AEST" etc.:
857#
858# I see the following points of dispute:
859#
860# * How important are unique time zone abbreviations?
861#
862# Here I tend to agree with the point (most recently made by Chris
863# Newman) that unique abbreviations should not be essential for proper
864# operation of software. We have other instances of ambiguity
865# (e.g. "IST" denoting both "Israel Standard Time" and "Indian
866# Standard Time"), and they are not likely to go away any time soon.
867# In the old days, some software mistakenly relied on unique
868# abbreviations, but this is becoming less true with time, and I don't
869# think it's that important to cater to such software these days.
870#
871# On the other hand, there is another motivation for unambiguous
872# abbreviations: it cuts down on human confusion. This is
873# particularly true for Australia, where "EST" can mean one thing for
874# time T and a different thing for time T plus 1 second.
875#
876# * Does the relevant legislation indicate which abbreviations should be used?
877#
878# Here I tend to think that things are a mess, just as they are in
879# many other countries. We Americans are currently disagreeing about
880# which abbreviation to use for the newly legislated Chamorro Standard
881# Time, for example.
882#
883# Personally, I would prefer to use common practice; I would like to
884# refer to legislation only for examples of common practice, or as a
885# tiebreaker.
886#
887# * Do Australians more often use "Eastern Daylight Time" or "Eastern
888# Summer Time"? Do they typically prefix the time zone names with
889# the word "Australian"?
890#
891# My own impression is that both "Daylight Time" and "Summer Time" are
892# common and are widely understood, but that "Summer Time" is more
893# popular; and that the leading "A" is also common but is omitted more
894# often than not. I just used AltaVista advanced search and got the
895# following count of page hits:
896#
897# 1,103 "Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au
898# 971 "Australian Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au
899# 613 "Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au
900# 127 "Australian Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au
901#
902# Here "Summer" seems quite a bit more popular than "Daylight",
903# particularly when we know the time zone is Australian and not US,
904# say. The "Australian" prefix seems to be popular for Eastern Summer
905# Time, but unpopular for Eastern Daylight Time.
906#
907# For abbreviations, tools like AltaVista are less useful because of
908# ambiguity. Many hits are not really time zones, unfortunately, and
909# many hits denote US time zones and not Australian ones. But here
910# are the hit counts anyway:
911#
912# 161,304 "EST" and domain:au
913# 25,156 "EDT" and domain:au
914# 18,263 "AEST" and domain:au
915# 10,416 "AEDT" and domain:au
916#
917# 14,538 "CST" and domain:au
918# 5,728 "CDT" and domain:au
919# 176 "ACST" and domain:au
920# 29 "ACDT" and domain:au
921#
922# 7,539 "WST" and domain:au
923# 68 "AWST" and domain:au
924#
925# This data suggest that Australians tend to omit the "A" prefix in
926# practice. The situation for "ST" versus "DT" is less clear, given
927# the ambiguities involved.
928#
929# * How do Australians feel about the abbreviations in the tz database?
930#
931# If you just count Australians on this list, I count 2 in favor and 3
932# against. One of the "against" votes (David Keegel) counseled delay,
933# saying that both AEST/AEDT and EST/EST are widely used and
934# understood in Australia.
935
936# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
937# Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ.
938# Mark Prior writes that his newspaper
939# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00,
940# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970
941# and perhaps the newspaper's `2:00' is referring to standard time.
942# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960.
943
944# From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05):
945#
946# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable,
947# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more
948# relevant entries in this database.
949#
950# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill):
951# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html">
952# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04)
953# </a>
954# ACT
955# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html">
956# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972
957# </a>
958# SA
959# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html">
960# Standard Time Act, 1898
961# </a>
962
963# From David Grosz (2005-06-13):
964# It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by
965# one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games.
966# Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday
967# in April instead of the last Sunday in March.
968#
969# From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14):
970# I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan
971# to extend DST together in 2006.
972# ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt
973# New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html
974# South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html
975# Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772
976# Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles
977# allude to it.
978# But not Queensland
979# http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html.
980
981# Northern Territory
982
983# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
984# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ]
985# # [ Nov 1990 ]
986# # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location.
987# ...
988# Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST
989
990# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
991# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
992# the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving.
993
994# Western Australia
995
996# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
997# # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ]
998# # [ Nov 1990 ]
999# # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to
1000# # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but
1001# # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus
1002# # before reaching parliament.
1003# ...
1004# Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST
1005# ...
1006# Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1007# Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W
1008# Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1009# Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W
1010
1011# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
1012# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
1013# Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving.
1014
1015# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02):
1016# Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney
1017# rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at
1018# work at 9.00am.)
1019# W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse
1020# everybody again.
1021
1022# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
1023# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess;
1024# it matches what was used in the past.
1025
1026# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm">
1027# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ
1028# </a> (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses
1029# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia.
1030
1031# Queensland
1032# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1033# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ]
1034# # [ Dec 1990 ]
1035# ...
1036# Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST
1037# ...
1038# Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1039# Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E
1040# Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1041# Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E
1042
1043# From Bradley White (1989-12-24):
1044# "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from
1045# October 1989).
1046
1047# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
1048# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
1049# ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving
1050# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
1051
1052# From John Mackin (1991-03-06):
1053# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact
1054# end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised
1055# me.)
1056
1057# From Bradley White (1992-03-08):
1058# ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted
1059# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ...
1060# ...
1061# Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1062# Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S
1063# ...
1064
1065# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
1066# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes.
1067
1068# From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning
1069# from Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-11-01):
1070# WA are trialing DST for three years.
1071# <http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf>
1072
1073# From Rives McDow (2002-04-09):
1074# The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the
1075# southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western
1076# Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The
1077# residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so
1078# much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the
1079# international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South
1080# Australia and Western Australia....
1081#
1082# From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09):
1083# This is confirmed by the section entitled
1084# "What's the deal with time zones???" in
1085# <http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html>.
1086#
1087# From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07):
1088# ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway,
1089# which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern
1090# coast of the continent.
1091#
1092# I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no
1093# dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border
1094# village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west
1095# as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is
1096# the largest population centre in this zone....
1097#
1098# Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the
1099# question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I
1100# just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have,
1101# meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45.
1102#
1103# (2006-12-09):
1104# I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving
1105# in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis
1106# of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well
1107# before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago.
1108
1109# From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15):
1110# For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the
1111# introduction of standard time in 1895.
1112
1113
1114# southeast Australia
1115#
1116# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
1117# Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT
1118# end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October.
1119# http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html
1120
1121
1122# South Australia
1123
1124# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
1125# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
1126# ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving
1127# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
1128
1129# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1130# # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ]
1131# # [ Nov 1990 ]
1132# ...
1133# Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST
1134# ...
1135# Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1136# Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C
1137# Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C
1138# Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C
1139
1140# From Bradley White (1992-03-11):
1141# Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide
1142# contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival,
1143# South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks."
1144
1145# From Robert Elz (1992-03-13):
1146# I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that)
1147# South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even
1148# numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival
1149# is on...
1150
1151# From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000):
1152# DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday)....
1153# But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever...
1154# (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...).
1155
1156# From Bradley White (1994-04-11):
1157# If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March,
1158# 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can
1159# only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated....
1160
1161# From John Warburton (1994-10-07):
1162# The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ...
1163# was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994....
1164# start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March.
1165
1166# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
1167# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
1168
1169# Tasmania
1170
1171# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd
1172# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1173# # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ]
1174# # [ Nov 1990 ]
1175
1176# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10):
1177# Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have
1178# 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia
1179# (but nothing new about that).
1180
1181# From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04):
1182# I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the
1183# (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard,
1184# has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria
1185# (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000
1186# instead of the first Sunday in October.
1187
1188# Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules:
1189# http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300
1190
1191# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
1192# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
1193
1194# Victoria
1195
1196# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd
1197# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1198# # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ]
1199# # [ Nov 1990 ]
1200
1201# From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29):
1202# On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an
1203# interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was
1204# discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar
1205# Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located
1206# in Melbourne, Australia.
1207#
1208# Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which
1209# illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day
1210# of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's
1211# fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time,
1212# you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the
1213# expected time.
1214#
1215# However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had
1216# to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of
1217# the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps
1218# someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more.
1219#
1220# [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html
1221# [2] http://www.shrine.org.au
1222
1223# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
1224# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
1225
1226# New South Wales
1227
1228# From Arthur David Olson:
1229# New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time.
1230# Based on law library research by John Mackin,
1231# who notes:
1232# In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the
1233# individual states. Thus, while such terms as ``Eastern Standard Time''
1234# [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common
1235# use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the
1236# legislation. This is very important to understand.
1237# I have researched New South Wales time only...
1238
1239# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26):
1240# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual
1241# October in 2000. [See: Matthew Moore,
1242# <a href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html">
1243# Two months more daylight saving
1244# </a>
1245# Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).]
1246
1247# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27):
1248# See the following official NSW source:
1249# <a href="http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ">
1250# Daylight Saving in New South Wales.
1251# </a>
1252#
1253# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of
1254# daylight saving next year. See:
1255# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm">
1256# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving
1257# </a> (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens.
1258#
1259# Victoria will following NSW. See:
1260# <a href="http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm">
1261# Vic to extend daylight saving
1262# </a> (1999-07-28).
1263#
1264# However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See:
1265# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm">
1266# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request
1267# </a> (1999-07-19).
1268#
1269# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See:
1270# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm">
1271# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics
1272# </a> (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying
1273# ``Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time
1274# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very
1275# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of
1276# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night.
1277# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules.''
1278#
1279# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See:
1280# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm">
1281# Broken Hill to be behind the times
1282# </a> (1999-07-21).
1283
1284# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian
1285# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken
1286# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics.
1287
1288# From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29:
1289# The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW
1290# towns to use Queensland time.
1291
1292# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
1293# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
1294
1295# Yancowinna
1296
1297# From John Mackin (1989-01-04):
1298# `Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna.
1299
1300# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1301# # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ]
1302# # [ Dec 1990 ]
1303# ...
1304# # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the
1305# # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings
1306# # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government
1307# # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have
1308# # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not
1309# # presently available.
1310# Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST
1311# ...
1312# Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1313# Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C
1314# [followed by other Rules]
1315
1316# Lord Howe Island
1317
1318# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1319# LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ]
1320# [ Dec 1990 ]
1321# Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an
1322# hour ahead of NSW time.
1323
1324# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27):
1325# Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same
1326# date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the
1327# Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is
1328# seeking the community's views on various options for summer time
1329# arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour
1330# instead of only 30 minutes. [Dependent] on the wishes of residents
1331# the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing
1332# arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will
1333# however always coincide with the rest of NSW.
1334
1335# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25):
1336# Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards
1337# clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently
1338# introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as
1339# shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start
1340# of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW.
1341
1342# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1343# For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and
1344# Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan.
1345
1346# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
1347# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
1348
1349# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28):
1350# According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight
1351# saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009
1352# summer (southern hemisphere).
1353#
1354# From
1355# <a href="http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf">
1356# http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf
1357# </a>
1358# The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling
1359# for over the last year is now set to be ongoing.
1360# Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each
1361# year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year.
1362# Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia
1363# with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and
1364# the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year...
1365#
1366# We have a wrap-up here:
1367# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html">
1368# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html
1369# </a>
1370###############################################################################
1371
1372# New Zealand
1373
1374# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03):
1375# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period.
1376# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for
1377# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start).
1378# source -- phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office.
1379
1380# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1381# # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that!
1382# # or is Australia the west island of N.Z.
1383# # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ]
1384# # [ Nov 1990 ]
1385# ...
1386# Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1387# Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1388# Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S
1389# Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S
1390# ...
1391# Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand
1392# Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island
1393
1394# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
1395# The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989
1396# rather than the October 1 value.
1397
1398# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19);
1399# Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ.
1400# Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight
1401# Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard
1402# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March.
1403# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00.
1404#
1405# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1406# The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history,
1407# as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references.
1408# Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger.
1409#
1410# For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with
1411# transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham
1412# is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland.
1413
1414# From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30):
1415# DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the
1416# first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning
1417# that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06.
1418# http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended
1419
1420###############################################################################
1421
1422
1423# Fiji
1424
1425# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji
1426# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time
1427# instead of the American system (which was one day behind).
1428
1429# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08):
1430# Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01
1431# until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will
1432# be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February.
1433
1434# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08):
1435# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow.
1436
1437# From the BBC World Service (1998-10-31 11:32 UTC):
1438# The Fijiian government says the main reasons for the time change is to
1439# improve productivity and reduce road accidents. But correspondents say it
1440# also hopes the move will boost Fiji's ability to compete with other pacific
1441# islands in the effort to attract tourists to witness the dawning of the new
1442# millenium.
1443
1444# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13)
1445# reports that Fiji has discontinued DST.
1446
1447# Johnston
1448
1449# Johnston data is from usno1995.
1450
1451
1452# Kiribati
1453
1454# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
1455# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati
1456# ``declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995''
1457# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century.
1458
1459
1460# Kwajalein
1461
1462# In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes:
1463# I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday,
1464# 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with
1465# respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands,
1466# going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink.
1467
1468
1469# N Mariana Is, Guam
1470
1471# Howse writes (p 153) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the
1472# Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones
1473# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time.
1474# For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines;
1475# see Asia/Manila.
1476
1477# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time,
1478# under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation,
1479# but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law,
1480# wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST".
1481
1482
1483# Micronesia
1484
1485# Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16),
1486# ``I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that "Truk"
1487# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10.''
1488#
1489# Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11
1490# on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now.
1491
1492# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
1493# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in
1494# <a href="http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html">
1495# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information
1496# </a> (1999-01-26)
1497# that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11.
1498# We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now.
1499
1500
1501# Midway
1502
1503# From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956),
1504# quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection
1505# <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31):
1506# For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight
1507# Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning,
1508# your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956
1509# we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to
1510# air at 6am your time.
1511#
1512# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23):
1513# We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they
1514# started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years
1515# in Midway, but we have no record of it.
1516
1517
1518# Pitcairn
1519
1520# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08):
1521# A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998
1522# with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows.
1523#
1524# The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be
1525# Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known
1526# as Pitcairn Standard Time.
1527#
1528# ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several
1529# references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation
1530# somehow in light of this proclamation.
1531
1532# From Rives McDow (1999-11-09):
1533# The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998
1534# ... at midnight.
1535
1536# From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave:
1537# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as
1538# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in
1539# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago.
1540
1541
1542# Samoa
1543
1544# Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald)
1545# that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change
1546# ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system,
1547# ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that
1548# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.''
1549
1550
1551# Tonga
1552
1553# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
1554# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting
1555# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.''
1556# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do.
1557
1558# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle
1559# <a href="http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm">
1560# How Tonga became `The Land where Time Begins'
1561# </a>:
1562
1563# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST
1564# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its
1565# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its
1566# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of
1567# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees
1568# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time).
1569#
1570# Because His Majesty King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince
1571# Tungi, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time
1572# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change.
1573#
1574# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer
1575# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40
1576# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40
1577# minutes we have lost?"
1578#
1579# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that
1580# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth
1581# to say your prayers in the morning."
1582
1583# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1584# Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell.
1585
1586# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03):
1587# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millenium
1588# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front.
1589# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from
1590# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan
1591# Government.
1592
1593# From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
1594# * Tonga will introduce DST in November
1595#
1596# I was given this link by John Letts:
1597# <a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm">
1598# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm
1599# </a>
1600#
1601# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November
1602# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead
1603# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead
1604# (12 + 1 hour DST).
1605
1606# From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20):
1607# According to <a href="http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html">
1608# http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html
1609# </a>:
1610# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000
1611# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the
1612# third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on
1613# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and
1614# set back an hour on the closing date."
1615# Alas, no indication of the time of day.
1616
1617# From Rives McDow (1999-10-06):
1618# Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am.
1619# Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning.
1620
1621# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31):
1622# Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com
1623# that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19
1624# instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article
1625# is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the
1626# text, and I have forgotten to report it here.
1627# (Original URL was: http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm )
1628
1629# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01):
1630# Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27.
1631
1632# From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow:
1633# At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom
1634# shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday
1635# of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one
1636# hour to 1:00am.
1637
1638# From Pulu 'Anau (2002-11-05):
1639# The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't.
1640
1641
1642# Wake
1643
1644# From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup,
1645# US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02):
1646#
1647# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] -- ... The time was all the
1648# more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the
1649# International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we
1650# discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time
1651# making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost
1652# impossible.
1653#
1654# http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm
1655
1656# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23):
1657# We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now.
1658
1659###############################################################################
1660
1661# The International Date Line
1662
1663# From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03):
1664#
1665# The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard,
1666# convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please.
1667# Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on
1668# the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there.
1669#
1670# When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and
1671# Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL
1672# to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most
1673# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line
1674# has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific
1675# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international
1676# convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is
1677# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some
1678# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not
1679# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the
1680# correct date is ambiguous.
1681
1682# From Wikipedia <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31):
1683# Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting
1684# their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's
1685# speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's
1686# meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the
1687# Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all
1688# ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones
1689# on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any
1690# nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted
1691# to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's
1692# entry into another zone time--he often chose midnight. These zones were
1693# adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many
1694# independent merchant ships until World War II.
1695
1696# From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen
1697# (2005-03-20):
1698#
1699# The American Practical Navigator (2002)
1700# <http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187>
1701# talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in
1702# international waters; it ignores the international date line.