1# <pre>
2# @(#)australasia 8.30
3# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
4# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
5
6# This file also includes Pacific islands.
7
8# Notes are at the end of this file
9
10###############################################################################
11
12# Australia
13
14# Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc.
15
16# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
17Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 -
18Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 -
19Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 -
20Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 -
21Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 -
22Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
23Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 -
24# Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which
25# says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that
26# 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944.
27
28# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
29# Northern Territory
30Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
31 9:00 - CST 1899 May
32 9:30 Aus CST
33# Western Australia
34#
35# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
36Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
37Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
38Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
39Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
40Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 -
41Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
42Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 -
43Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
44Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
45Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec
46 8:00 Aus WST 1943 Jul
47 8:00 AW WST
48Zone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec
49 8:45 Aus CWST 1943 Jul
50 8:45 AW CWST
51
52# Queensland
53#
54# From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01):
55# I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast
56# of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after
57# Queensland ceased to.
58#
59# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
60# IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman,
61# Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped.
62# Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria,
63# so use Lindeman.
64#
65# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
66Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
67Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 -
68Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
69Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
70Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
71Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
72Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895
73 10:00 Aus EST 1971
74 10:00 AQ EST
75Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895
76 10:00 Aus EST 1971
77 10:00 AQ EST 1992 Jul
78 10:00 Holiday EST
79
80# South Australia
81# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
82Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
83Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 -
84Rule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
85Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 -
86Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
87Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
88Rule AS 1991 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 -
89Rule AS 1992 only - Mar 22 2:00s 0 -
90Rule AS 1993 only - Mar 7 2:00s 0 -
91Rule AS 1994 only - Mar 20 2:00s 0 -
92Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
93Rule AS 2006 only - Apr 2 2:00s 0 -
94Rule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
95Rule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
96Rule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
97# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
98Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
99 9:00 - CST 1899 May
100 9:30 Aus CST 1971
101 9:30 AS CST
102
103# Tasmania
104#
105# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16):
106# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml>
107# says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971.
108#
109# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
110Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
111Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
112Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
113Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 -
114Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 -
115Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
116Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
117Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
118Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 -
119Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
120Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 -
121Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
122Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
123Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
124Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
125Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
126Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
127Rule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
128Rule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
129# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
130Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep
131 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
132 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb
133 10:00 Aus EST 1967
134 10:00 AT EST
135Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep
136 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
137 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb
138 10:00 Aus EST 1971 Jul
139 10:00 AT EST
140
141# Victoria
142# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
143Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
144Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 -
145Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
146Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
147Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 -
148Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
149Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
150Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
151Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
152Rule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
153Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
154Rule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
155Rule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
156Rule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
157# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
158Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
159 10:00 Aus EST 1971
160 10:00 AV EST
161
162# New South Wales
163# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
164Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
165Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 -
166Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
167Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
168Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
169Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
170Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 -
171Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
172Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
173Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
174Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
175Rule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
176Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
177Rule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
178Rule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
179Rule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
180# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
181Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
182 10:00 Aus EST 1971
183 10:00 AN EST
184Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb
185 10:00 - EST 1896 Aug 23
186 9:00 - CST 1899 May
187 9:30 Aus CST 1971
188 9:30 AN CST 2000
189 9:30 AS CST
190
191# Lord Howe Island
192# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
193Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 -
194Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
195Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 -
196Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
197Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 -
198Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 -
199Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
200Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
201Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 -
202Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 -
203Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
204Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
205Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
206Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 -
207Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
208 10:00 - EST 1981 Mar
209 10:30 LH LHST
210
211# Australian miscellany
212#
213# Ashmore Is, Cartier
214# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers
215# no times are set
216#
217# Coral Sea Is
218# no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists
219# no times are set
220#
221# Macquarie
222# permanent occupation (scientific station) since 1948;
223# sealing and penguin oil station operated 1888/1917
224# like Australia/Hobart
225
226# Christmas
227# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
228Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
229 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time
230
231# Cook Is
232# From Shanks & Pottenger:
233# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
234Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS
235Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
236Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS
237# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
238Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua
239 -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time
240 -10:00 Cook CK%sT
241
242# Cocos
243# These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978.
244# We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900.
245# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
246Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900
247 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time
248
249# Fiji
250# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10):
251# According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST
252# from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010.
253#
254# "Daylight savings to commence this month"
255# <a href="http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719">
256# http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719
257# </a>
258# or
259# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html">
260# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html
261# </a>
262
263# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10):
264# The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved
265# amendments:
266# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml">
267# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml
268# </a>
269
270# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03):
271# The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on
272# 2010-03-28 at 03:00.
273# The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March
274# 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?).
275#
276# Official source:
277# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166">
278# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166
279# </a>
280#
281# A bit more background info here:
282# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html">
283# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html
284# </a>
285
286# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24):
287# According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3
288# weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011...
289# Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands,
290# Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site:
291# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155">
292# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155
293# </a>
294# or
295# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html">
296# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html
297# </a>
298
299# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-03):
300# Now the dates have been confirmed, and at least our start date
301# assumption was correct (end date was one week wrong).
302#
303# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155">
304# www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155
305# </a>
306# which says
307# Members of the public are reminded to change their time to one hour in
308# advance at 2am to 3am on October 23, 2011 and one hour back at 3am to
309# 2am on February 26 next year.
310
311# From Ken Rylander (2011-10-24)
312# Another change to the Fiji DST end date. In the TZ database the end date for
313# Fiji DST 2012, is currently Feb 26. This has been changed to Jan 22.
314#
315# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155">
316# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155
317# </a>
318# states:
319#
320# The end of daylight saving scheduled initially for the 26th of February 2012
321# has been brought forward to the 22nd of January 2012.
322# The commencement of daylight saving will remain unchanged and start
323# on the 23rd of October, 2011.
324
325# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
326Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
327Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 -
328Rule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 S
329Rule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 -
330Rule Fiji 2010 only - Oct 24 2:00 1:00 S
331Rule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 -
332Rule Fiji 2011 only - Oct 23 2:00 1:00 S
333Rule Fiji 2012 only - Jan 22 3:00 0 -
334# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
335Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:53:40 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva
336 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time
337
338# French Polynesia
339# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
340Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea
341 -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time
342Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct
343 -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time
344Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete
345 -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time
346# Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia;
347# it is uninhabited.
348
349# Guam
350# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
351Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
352 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana
353 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam
354 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time
355
356# Kiribati
357# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
358Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki
359 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time
360Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901
361 -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time
362 -11:00 - PHOT 1995
363 13:00 - PHOT
364Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901
365 -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time
366 -10:00 - LINT 1995
367 14:00 - LINT
368
369# N Mariana Is
370# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
371Zone Pacific/Saipan -14:17:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
372 9:43:00 - LMT 1901
373 9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time
374 10:00 - MPT 2000 Dec 23
375 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time
376
377# Marshall Is
378# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
379Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901
380 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time
381 12:00 - MHT
382Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901
383 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct
384 -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time
385 12:00 - MHT
386
387# Micronesia
388# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
389Zone Pacific/Chuuk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901
390 10:00 - CHUT # Chuuk Time
391Zone Pacific/Pohnpei 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia
392 11:00 - PONT # Pohnpei Time
393Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901
394 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time
395 12:00 - KOST 1999
396 11:00 - KOST
397
398# Nauru
399# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
400Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe
401 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time
402 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15
403 11:30 - NRT 1979 May
404 12:00 - NRT
405
406# New Caledonia
407# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
408Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
409Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 -
410Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S
411# Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA.
412Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 -
413# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
414Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13
415 11:00 NC NC%sT
416
417
418###############################################################################
419
420# New Zealand
421
422# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
423Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S
424Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M
425Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S
426Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M
427Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M
428Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S
429Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S
430# Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no
431# convenient notation for this so we must duplicate the Rule lines.
432Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
433Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D
434Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S
435Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S
436Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
437Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D
438Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
439Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S
440Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D
441Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D
442Rule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
443Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D
444Rule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
445Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S
446Rule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
447Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D
448Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
449Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S
450# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
451Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2
452 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1
453 12:00 NZ NZ%sT
454Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1957 Jan 1
455 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT
456
457
458# Auckland Is
459# uninhabited; Maori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers,
460# and scientific personnel have wintered
461
462# Campbell I
463# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914
464# scientific station operated 1941/1995;
465# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered
466# was probably like Pacific/Auckland
467
468###############################################################################
469
470
471# Niue
472# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
473Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi
474 -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time
475 -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1
476 -11:00 - NUT
477
478# Norfolk
479# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
480Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston
481 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time
482 11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time
483
484# Palau (Belau)
485# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
486Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror
487 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time
488
489# Papua New Guinea
490# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
491Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880
492 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time
493 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time
494
495# Pitcairn
496# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
497Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown
498 -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 00:00
499 -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time
500
501# American Samoa
502Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5
503 -11:22:48 - LMT 1911
504 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time
505 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome
506 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering
507 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa
508
509# Samoa
510
511# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16):
512# We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received
513# the following info:
514#
515# "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year
516# commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first
517# Sunday of April 2011."
518#
519# Background info:
520# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html">
521# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html
522# </a>
523#
524# Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not
525# contain any dates:
526# <a href="http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf">
527# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf
528# </a>
529
530# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07):
531# Please see
532# <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws">
533# http://www.mcil.gov.ws
534# </a>,
535# the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday
536# September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight
537# to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks
538# backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am"
539
540# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07):
541# I believe this will be posted shortly on the website
542# <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws">
543# www.mcil.gov.ws
544# </a>
545#
546# PUBLIC NOTICE ON DAYLIGHT SAVING TIME
547#
548# Pursuant to the Daylight Saving Act 2009 and Cabinets decision,
549# businesses and the general public are hereby advised that daylight
550# saving time is on the first Saturday of April 2011 (02/04/11).
551#
552# The public is therefore advised that when the standard time strikes
553# the hour of four oclock (4.00am or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011,
554# then all instruments used to measure standard time are to be
555# adjusted/changed to three oclock (3:00am or 0300Hrs).
556#
557# Margaret Fruean ACTING CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER MINISTRY OF COMMERCE,
558# INDUSTRY AND LABOUR 28th February 2011
559
560# From David Zuelke (2011-05-09):
561# Subject: Samoa to move timezone from east to west of international date line
562#
563# <a href="http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963">
564# http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963
565# </a>
566
567# From Mark Sim-Smith (2011-08-17):
568# I have been in contact with Leilani Tuala Warren from the Samoa Law
569# Reform Commission, and she has sent me a copy of the Bill that she
570# confirmed has been passed...Most of the sections are about maps rather
571# than the time zone change, but I'll paste the relevant bits below. But
572# the essence is that at midnight 29 Dec (UTC-11 I suppose), Samoa
573# changes from UTC-11 to UTC+13:
574#
575# International Date Line Bill 2011
576#
577# AN ACT to provide for the change to standard time in Samoa and to make
578# consequential amendments to the position of the International Date
579# Line, and for related purposes.
580#
581# BE IT ENACTED by the Legislative Assembly of Samoa in Parliament
582# assembled as follows:
583#
584# 1. Short title and commencement-(1) This Act may be cited as the
585# International Date Line Act 2011. (2) Except for section 5(3) this Act
586# commences at 12 o'clock midnight, on Thursday 29th December 2011. (3)
587# Section 5(3) commences on the date of assent by the Head of State.
588#
589# [snip]
590#
591# 3. Interpretation - [snip] "Samoa standard time" in this Act and any
592# other statute of Samoa which refers to 'Samoa standard time' means the
593# time 13 hours in advance of Co-ordinated Universal Time.
594#
595# 4. Samoa standard time - (1) Upon the commencement of this Act, Samoa
596# standard time shall be set at 13 hours in advance of Co-ordinated
597# Universal Time for the whole of Samoa. (2) All references to Samoa's
598# time zone and to Samoa standard time in Samoa in all legislation and
599# instruments after the commencement of this Act shall be references to
600# Samoa standard time as provided for in this Act. (3) Nothing in this
601# Act affects the provisions of the Daylight Saving Act 2009, except that
602# it defines Samoa standard time....
603
604# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-09-02):
605# <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html">
606# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html
607# </a>
608#
609# here is the official website publication for Samoa DST and dateline change
610#
611# DST
612# Year End Time Start Time
613# 2011 - - - - - - 24 September 3:00am to 4:00am
614# 2012 01 April 4:00am to 3:00am - - - - - -
615#
616# Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011
617# Thursday 29th December 2011 23:59:59 Hours
618# Saturday 31st December 2011 00:00:00 Hours
619#
620# Clarification by Tim Parenti (2012-01-03):
621# Although Samoa has used Daylight Saving Time in the 2010-2011 and 2011-2012
622# seasons, there is not yet any indication that this trend will continue on
623# a regular basis. For now, we have explicitly listed the transitions below.
624Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5
625 -11:26:56 - LMT 1911
626 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time
627 -11:00 - WST 2010 Sep 26
628 -11:00 1:00 WSDT 2011 Apr 2 4:00
629 -11:00 - WST 2011 Sep 24 3:00
630 -11:00 1:00 WSDT 2011 Dec 30
631 13:00 1:00 WSDT 2012 Apr 1 4:00
632 13:00 - WST
633
634# Solomon Is
635# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea
636# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
637Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara
638 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time
639
640# Tokelau Is
641#
642# From Gwillim Law (2011-12-29)
643# A correspondent informed me that Tokelau, like Samoa, will be skipping
644# December 31 this year, thereby changing its time zone from UTC-10 to
645# UTC+14. When I tried to verify this statement, I found a confirming
646# article in Time magazine online
647# <a href="http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2103243,00.html">
648# (http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2103243,00.html).
649# </a>
650#
651# From Jonathan Leffler (2011-12-29)
652# Information from the BBC to the same effect:
653# <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-16351377">
654# http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-16351377
655# </a>
656#
657# Patch supplied by Tim Parenti (2011-12-29)
658
659# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
660Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901
661 -10:00 - TKT 2011 Dec 30 # Tokelau Time
662 14:00 - TKT
663
664# Tonga
665# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
666Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S
667Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 -
668Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
669Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 -
670# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
671Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901
672 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time
673 13:00 - TOT 1999
674 13:00 Tonga TO%sT
675
676# Tuvalu
677# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
678Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901
679 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time
680
681
682# US minor outlying islands
683
684# Howland, Baker
685# Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British
686# 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known.
687# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944;
688# uninhabited thereafter.
689# Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UTC-10:30) in 1937;
690# see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long,
691# Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000).
692# So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935
693# until they were abandoned after the war.
694
695# Jarvis
696# Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?.
697# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958;
698# uninhabited thereafter.
699# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati
700
701# Johnston
702# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
703Zone Pacific/Johnston -10:00 - HST
704
705# Kingman
706# uninhabited
707
708# Midway
709#
710# From Mark Brader (2005-01-23):
711# [Fallacies and Fantasies of Air Transport History, by R.E.G. Davies,
712# published 1994 by Paladwr Press, McLean, VA, USA; ISBN 0-9626483-5-3]
713# reproduced a Pan American Airways timeables from 1936, for their weekly
714# "Orient Express" flights between San Francisco and Manila, and connecting
715# flights to Chicago and the US East Coast. As it uses some time zone
716# designations that I've never seen before:....
717# Fri. 6:30A Lv. HONOLOLU (Pearl Harbor), H.I. H.L.T. Ar. 5:30P Sun.
718# " 3:00P Ar. MIDWAY ISLAND . . . . . . . . . M.L.T. Lv. 6:00A "
719#
720Zone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901
721 -11:00 - NST 1956 Jun 3
722 -11:00 1:00 NDT 1956 Sep 2
723 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome
724 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering
725 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa
726
727# Palmyra
728# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati
729
730# Wake
731# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
732Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901
733 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time
734
735
736# Vanuatu
737# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
738Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S
739Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 -
740Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S
741Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S
742Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 -
743Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S
744# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
745Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila
746 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time
747
748# Wallis and Futuna
749# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
750Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
751 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time
752
753###############################################################################
754
755# NOTES
756
757# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
758# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
759# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
760
761# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
762# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
763# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
764# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
765#
766# Gwillim Law writes that a good source
767# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
768# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
769# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
770# of the IATA's data after 1990.
771#
772# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
773# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
774#
775# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
776# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
777# I found in the UCLA library.
778#
779# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
780# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
781#
782# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
783# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
784# Corrections are welcome!
785# std dst
786# LMT Local Mean Time
787# 8:00 WST WST Western Australia
788# 8:45 CWST CWST Central Western Australia*
789# 9:00 JST Japan
790# 9:30 CST CST Central Australia
791# 10:00 EST EST Eastern Australia
792# 10:00 ChST Chamorro
793# 10:30 LHST LHST Lord Howe*
794# 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945
795# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present
796# 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham*
797# -11:00 SST Samoa
798# -10:00 HST Hawaii
799# - 8:00 PST Pitcairn*
800#
801# See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii.
802# See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is.
803
804###############################################################################
805
806# Australia
807
808# From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08):
809# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml">
810# Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia
811# </a> summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia.
812
813# From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12):
814# <a href="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving">
815# Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales
816# </a> covers New South Wales in particular.
817
818# From John Mackin (1991-03-06):
819# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time.
820# It is called `summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, `summer'
821# and `standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the
822# abbreviation does _not_ change...
823# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least
824# in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the
825# initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses
826# the phrase `summer time' and does not use the phrase `daylight
827# time'.
828# Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian
829# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases `Eastern Standard Time'
830# or `Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the
831# current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers
832# on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases
833# prefixed by the word `Australian' when referring to local times;
834# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC.
835
836# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
837# Given the above, what's chosen for year-round use is:
838# CST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 9:30
839# WST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00
840# EST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00
841
842# From Chuck Soper (2006-06-01):
843# I recently found this Australian government web page on time zones:
844# <http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia-13time>
845# And this government web page lists time zone names and abbreviations:
846# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml>
847
848# From Paul Eggert (2001-04-05), summarizing a long discussion about "EST"
849# versus "AEST" etc.:
850#
851# I see the following points of dispute:
852#
853# * How important are unique time zone abbreviations?
854#
855# Here I tend to agree with the point (most recently made by Chris
856# Newman) that unique abbreviations should not be essential for proper
857# operation of software. We have other instances of ambiguity
858# (e.g. "IST" denoting both "Israel Standard Time" and "Indian
859# Standard Time"), and they are not likely to go away any time soon.
860# In the old days, some software mistakenly relied on unique
861# abbreviations, but this is becoming less true with time, and I don't
862# think it's that important to cater to such software these days.
863#
864# On the other hand, there is another motivation for unambiguous
865# abbreviations: it cuts down on human confusion. This is
866# particularly true for Australia, where "EST" can mean one thing for
867# time T and a different thing for time T plus 1 second.
868#
869# * Does the relevant legislation indicate which abbreviations should be used?
870#
871# Here I tend to think that things are a mess, just as they are in
872# many other countries. We Americans are currently disagreeing about
873# which abbreviation to use for the newly legislated Chamorro Standard
874# Time, for example.
875#
876# Personally, I would prefer to use common practice; I would like to
877# refer to legislation only for examples of common practice, or as a
878# tiebreaker.
879#
880# * Do Australians more often use "Eastern Daylight Time" or "Eastern
881# Summer Time"? Do they typically prefix the time zone names with
882# the word "Australian"?
883#
884# My own impression is that both "Daylight Time" and "Summer Time" are
885# common and are widely understood, but that "Summer Time" is more
886# popular; and that the leading "A" is also common but is omitted more
887# often than not. I just used AltaVista advanced search and got the
888# following count of page hits:
889#
890# 1,103 "Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au
891# 971 "Australian Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au
892# 613 "Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au
893# 127 "Australian Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au
894#
895# Here "Summer" seems quite a bit more popular than "Daylight",
896# particularly when we know the time zone is Australian and not US,
897# say. The "Australian" prefix seems to be popular for Eastern Summer
898# Time, but unpopular for Eastern Daylight Time.
899#
900# For abbreviations, tools like AltaVista are less useful because of
901# ambiguity. Many hits are not really time zones, unfortunately, and
902# many hits denote US time zones and not Australian ones. But here
903# are the hit counts anyway:
904#
905# 161,304 "EST" and domain:au
906# 25,156 "EDT" and domain:au
907# 18,263 "AEST" and domain:au
908# 10,416 "AEDT" and domain:au
909#
910# 14,538 "CST" and domain:au
911# 5,728 "CDT" and domain:au
912# 176 "ACST" and domain:au
913# 29 "ACDT" and domain:au
914#
915# 7,539 "WST" and domain:au
916# 68 "AWST" and domain:au
917#
918# This data suggest that Australians tend to omit the "A" prefix in
919# practice. The situation for "ST" versus "DT" is less clear, given
920# the ambiguities involved.
921#
922# * How do Australians feel about the abbreviations in the tz database?
923#
924# If you just count Australians on this list, I count 2 in favor and 3
925# against. One of the "against" votes (David Keegel) counseled delay,
926# saying that both AEST/AEDT and EST/EST are widely used and
927# understood in Australia.
928
929# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
930# Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ.
931# Mark Prior writes that his newspaper
932# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00,
933# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970
934# and perhaps the newspaper's `2:00' is referring to standard time.
935# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960.
936
937# From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05):
938#
939# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable,
940# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more
941# relevant entries in this database.
942#
943# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill):
944# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html">
945# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04)
946# </a>
947# ACT
948# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html">
949# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972
950# </a>
951# SA
952# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html">
953# Standard Time Act, 1898
954# </a>
955
956# From David Grosz (2005-06-13):
957# It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by
958# one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games.
959# Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday
960# in April instead of the last Sunday in March.
961#
962# From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14):
963# I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan
964# to extend DST together in 2006.
965# ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt
966# New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html
967# South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html
968# Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772
969# Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles
970# allude to it.
971# But not Queensland
972# http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html.
973
974# Northern Territory
975
976# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
977# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ]
978# # [ Nov 1990 ]
979# # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location.
980# ...
981# Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST
982
983# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
984# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
985# the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving.
986
987# Western Australia
988
989# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
990# # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ]
991# # [ Nov 1990 ]
992# # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to
993# # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but
994# # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus
995# # before reaching parliament.
996# ...
997# Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST
998# ...
999# Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1000# Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W
1001# Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1002# Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W
1003
1004# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
1005# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
1006# Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving.
1007
1008# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02):
1009# Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney
1010# rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at
1011# work at 9.00am.)
1012# W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse
1013# everybody again.
1014
1015# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
1016# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess;
1017# it matches what was used in the past.
1018
1019# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm">
1020# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ
1021# </a> (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses
1022# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia.
1023
1024# Queensland
1025# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1026# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ]
1027# # [ Dec 1990 ]
1028# ...
1029# Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST
1030# ...
1031# Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1032# Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E
1033# Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1034# Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E
1035
1036# From Bradley White (1989-12-24):
1037# "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from
1038# October 1989).
1039
1040# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
1041# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
1042# ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving
1043# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
1044
1045# From John Mackin (1991-03-06):
1046# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact
1047# end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised
1048# me.)
1049
1050# From Bradley White (1992-03-08):
1051# ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted
1052# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ...
1053# ...
1054# Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1055# Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S
1056# ...
1057
1058# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
1059# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes.
1060
1061# From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning
1062# from Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-11-01):
1063# WA are trialing DST for three years.
1064# <http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf>
1065
1066# From Rives McDow (2002-04-09):
1067# The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the
1068# southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western
1069# Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The
1070# residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so
1071# much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the
1072# international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South
1073# Australia and Western Australia....
1074#
1075# From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09):
1076# This is confirmed by the section entitled
1077# "What's the deal with time zones???" in
1078# <http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html>.
1079#
1080# From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07):
1081# ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway,
1082# which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern
1083# coast of the continent.
1084#
1085# I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no
1086# dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border
1087# village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west
1088# as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is
1089# the largest population centre in this zone....
1090#
1091# Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the
1092# question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I
1093# just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have,
1094# meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45.
1095#
1096# (2006-12-09):
1097# I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving
1098# in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis
1099# of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well
1100# before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago.
1101
1102# From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15):
1103# For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the
1104# introduction of standard time in 1895.
1105
1106
1107# southeast Australia
1108#
1109# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
1110# Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT
1111# end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October.
1112# http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html
1113
1114
1115# South Australia
1116
1117# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
1118# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
1119# ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving
1120# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
1121
1122# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1123# # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ]
1124# # [ Nov 1990 ]
1125# ...
1126# Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST
1127# ...
1128# Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1129# Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C
1130# Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C
1131# Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C
1132
1133# From Bradley White (1992-03-11):
1134# Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide
1135# contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival,
1136# South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks."
1137
1138# From Robert Elz (1992-03-13):
1139# I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that)
1140# South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even
1141# numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival
1142# is on...
1143
1144# From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000):
1145# DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday)....
1146# But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever...
1147# (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...).
1148
1149# From Bradley White (1994-04-11):
1150# If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March,
1151# 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can
1152# only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated....
1153
1154# From John Warburton (1994-10-07):
1155# The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ...
1156# was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994....
1157# start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March.
1158
1159# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
1160# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
1161
1162# Tasmania
1163
1164# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd
1165# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1166# # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ]
1167# # [ Nov 1990 ]
1168
1169# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10):
1170# Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have
1171# 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia
1172# (but nothing new about that).
1173
1174# From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04):
1175# I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the
1176# (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard,
1177# has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria
1178# (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000
1179# instead of the first Sunday in October.
1180
1181# Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules:
1182# http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300
1183
1184# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
1185# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
1186
1187# Victoria
1188
1189# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd
1190# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1191# # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ]
1192# # [ Nov 1990 ]
1193
1194# From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29):
1195# On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an
1196# interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was
1197# discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar
1198# Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located
1199# in Melbourne, Australia.
1200#
1201# Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which
1202# illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day
1203# of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's
1204# fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time,
1205# you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the
1206# expected time.
1207#
1208# However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had
1209# to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of
1210# the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps
1211# someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more.
1212#
1213# [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html
1214# [2] http://www.shrine.org.au
1215
1216# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
1217# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
1218
1219# New South Wales
1220
1221# From Arthur David Olson:
1222# New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time.
1223# Based on law library research by John Mackin,
1224# who notes:
1225# In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the
1226# individual states. Thus, while such terms as ``Eastern Standard Time''
1227# [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common
1228# use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the
1229# legislation. This is very important to understand.
1230# I have researched New South Wales time only...
1231
1232# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26):
1233# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual
1234# October in 2000. [See: Matthew Moore,
1235# <a href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html">
1236# Two months more daylight saving
1237# </a>
1238# Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).]
1239
1240# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27):
1241# See the following official NSW source:
1242# <a href="http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ">
1243# Daylight Saving in New South Wales.
1244# </a>
1245#
1246# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of
1247# daylight saving next year. See:
1248# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm">
1249# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving
1250# </a> (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens.
1251#
1252# Victoria will following NSW. See:
1253# <a href="http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm">
1254# Vic to extend daylight saving
1255# </a> (1999-07-28).
1256#
1257# However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See:
1258# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm">
1259# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request
1260# </a> (1999-07-19).
1261#
1262# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See:
1263# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm">
1264# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics
1265# </a> (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying
1266# ``Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time
1267# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very
1268# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of
1269# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night.
1270# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules.''
1271#
1272# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See:
1273# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm">
1274# Broken Hill to be behind the times
1275# </a> (1999-07-21).
1276
1277# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian
1278# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken
1279# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics.
1280
1281# From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29:
1282# The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW
1283# towns to use Queensland time.
1284
1285# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
1286# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
1287
1288# Yancowinna
1289
1290# From John Mackin (1989-01-04):
1291# `Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna.
1292
1293# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1294# # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ]
1295# # [ Dec 1990 ]
1296# ...
1297# # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the
1298# # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings
1299# # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government
1300# # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have
1301# # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not
1302# # presently available.
1303# Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST
1304# ...
1305# Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1306# Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C
1307# [followed by other Rules]
1308
1309# Lord Howe Island
1310
1311# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1312# LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ]
1313# [ Dec 1990 ]
1314# Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an
1315# hour ahead of NSW time.
1316
1317# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27):
1318# Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same
1319# date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the
1320# Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is
1321# seeking the community's views on various options for summer time
1322# arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour
1323# instead of only 30 minutes. [Dependent] on the wishes of residents
1324# the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing
1325# arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will
1326# however always coincide with the rest of NSW.
1327
1328# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25):
1329# Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards
1330# clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently
1331# introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as
1332# shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start
1333# of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW.
1334
1335# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1336# For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and
1337# Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan.
1338
1339# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
1340# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
1341
1342# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28):
1343# According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight
1344# saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009
1345# summer (southern hemisphere).
1346#
1347# From
1348# <a href="http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf">
1349# http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf
1350# </a>
1351# The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling
1352# for over the last year is now set to be ongoing.
1353# Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each
1354# year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year.
1355# Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia
1356# with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and
1357# the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year...
1358#
1359# We have a wrap-up here:
1360# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html">
1361# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html
1362# </a>
1363###############################################################################
1364
1365# New Zealand
1366
1367# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03):
1368# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period.
1369# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for
1370# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start).
1371# source -- phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office.
1372
1373# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1374# # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that!
1375# # or is Australia the west island of N.Z.
1376# # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ]
1377# # [ Nov 1990 ]
1378# ...
1379# Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1380# Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1381# Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S
1382# Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S
1383# ...
1384# Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand
1385# Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island
1386
1387# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
1388# The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989
1389# rather than the October 1 value.
1390
1391# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19);
1392# Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ.
1393# Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight
1394# Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard
1395# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March.
1396# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00.
1397#
1398# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1399# The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history,
1400# as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references.
1401# Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger.
1402#
1403# For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with
1404# transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham
1405# is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland.
1406
1407# From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30):
1408# DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the
1409# first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning
1410# that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06.
1411# http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended
1412
1413###############################################################################
1414
1415
1416# Fiji
1417
1418# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji
1419# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time
1420# instead of the American system (which was one day behind).
1421
1422# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08):
1423# Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01
1424# until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will
1425# be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February.
1426
1427# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08):
1428# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow.
1429
1430# From the BBC World Service (1998-10-31 11:32 UTC):
1431# The Fijiian government says the main reasons for the time change is to
1432# improve productivity and reduce road accidents. But correspondents say it
1433# also hopes the move will boost Fiji's ability to compete with other pacific
1434# islands in the effort to attract tourists to witness the dawning of the new
1435# millenium.
1436
1437# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13)
1438# reports that Fiji has discontinued DST.
1439
1440# Johnston
1441
1442# Johnston data is from usno1995.
1443
1444
1445# Kiribati
1446
1447# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
1448# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati
1449# ``declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995''
1450# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century.
1451
1452
1453# Kwajalein
1454
1455# In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes:
1456# I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday,
1457# 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with
1458# respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands,
1459# going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink.
1460
1461
1462# N Mariana Is, Guam
1463
1464# Howse writes (p 153) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the
1465# Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones
1466# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time.
1467# For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines;
1468# see Asia/Manila.
1469
1470# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time,
1471# under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation,
1472# but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law,
1473# wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST".
1474
1475
1476# Micronesia
1477
1478# Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16),
1479# ``I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that "Truk"
1480# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10.''
1481#
1482# Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11
1483# on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now.
1484
1485# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
1486# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in
1487# <a href="http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html">
1488# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information
1489# </a> (1999-01-26)
1490# that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11.
1491# We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now.
1492
1493
1494# Midway
1495
1496# From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956),
1497# quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection
1498# <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31):
1499# For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight
1500# Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning,
1501# your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956
1502# we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to
1503# air at 6am your time.
1504#
1505# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23):
1506# We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they
1507# started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years
1508# in Midway, but we have no record of it.
1509
1510
1511# Pitcairn
1512
1513# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08):
1514# A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998
1515# with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows.
1516#
1517# The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be
1518# Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known
1519# as Pitcairn Standard Time.
1520#
1521# ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several
1522# references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation
1523# somehow in light of this proclamation.
1524
1525# From Rives McDow (1999-11-09):
1526# The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998
1527# ... at midnight.
1528
1529# From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave:
1530# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as
1531# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in
1532# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago.
1533
1534
1535# Samoa
1536
1537# Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald)
1538# that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change
1539# ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system,
1540# ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that
1541# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.''
1542
1543
1544# Tonga
1545
1546# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
1547# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting
1548# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.''
1549# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do.
1550
1551# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle
1552# <a href="http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm">
1553# How Tonga became `The Land where Time Begins'
1554# </a>:
1555
1556# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST
1557# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its
1558# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its
1559# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of
1560# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees
1561# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time).
1562#
1563# Because His Majesty King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince
1564# Tungi, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time
1565# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change.
1566#
1567# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer
1568# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40
1569# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40
1570# minutes we have lost?"
1571#
1572# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that
1573# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth
1574# to say your prayers in the morning."
1575
1576# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1577# Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell.
1578
1579# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03):
1580# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millenium
1581# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front.
1582# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from
1583# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan
1584# Government.
1585
1586# From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
1587# * Tonga will introduce DST in November
1588#
1589# I was given this link by John Letts:
1590# <a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm">
1591# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm
1592# </a>
1593#
1594# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November
1595# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead
1596# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead
1597# (12 + 1 hour DST).
1598
1599# From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20):
1600# According to <a href="http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html">
1601# http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html
1602# </a>:
1603# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000
1604# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the
1605# third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on
1606# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and
1607# set back an hour on the closing date."
1608# Alas, no indication of the time of day.
1609
1610# From Rives McDow (1999-10-06):
1611# Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am.
1612# Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning.
1613
1614# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31):
1615# Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com
1616# that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19
1617# instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article
1618# is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the
1619# text, and I have forgotten to report it here.
1620# (Original URL was: http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm )
1621
1622# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01):
1623# Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27.
1624
1625# From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow:
1626# At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom
1627# shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday
1628# of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one
1629# hour to 1:00am.
1630
1631# From Pulu 'Anau (2002-11-05):
1632# The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't.
1633
1634
1635# Wake
1636
1637# From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup,
1638# US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02):
1639#
1640# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] -- ... The time was all the
1641# more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the
1642# International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we
1643# discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time
1644# making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost
1645# impossible.
1646#
1647# http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm
1648
1649# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23):
1650# We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now.
1651
1652###############################################################################
1653
1654# The International Date Line
1655
1656# From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03):
1657#
1658# The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard,
1659# convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please.
1660# Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on
1661# the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there.
1662#
1663# When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and
1664# Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL
1665# to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most
1666# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line
1667# has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific
1668# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international
1669# convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is
1670# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some
1671# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not
1672# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the
1673# correct date is ambiguous.
1674
1675# From Wikipedia <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31):
1676# Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting
1677# their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's
1678# speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's
1679# meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the
1680# Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all
1681# ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones
1682# on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any
1683# nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted
1684# to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's
1685# entry into another zone time--he often chose midnight. These zones were
1686# adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many
1687# independent merchant ships until World War II.
1688
1689# From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen
1690# (2005-03-20):
1691#
1692# The American Practical Navigator (2002)
1693# <http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187>
1694# talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in
1695# international waters; it ignores the international date line.
2# @(#)australasia 8.30
3# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
4# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
5
6# This file also includes Pacific islands.
7
8# Notes are at the end of this file
9
10###############################################################################
11
12# Australia
13
14# Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc.
15
16# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
17Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 -
18Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 -
19Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 -
20Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 -
21Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 -
22Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
23Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 -
24# Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which
25# says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that
26# 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944.
27
28# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
29# Northern Territory
30Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
31 9:00 - CST 1899 May
32 9:30 Aus CST
33# Western Australia
34#
35# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
36Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
37Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
38Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
39Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
40Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 -
41Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
42Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 -
43Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
44Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
45Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec
46 8:00 Aus WST 1943 Jul
47 8:00 AW WST
48Zone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec
49 8:45 Aus CWST 1943 Jul
50 8:45 AW CWST
51
52# Queensland
53#
54# From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01):
55# I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast
56# of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after
57# Queensland ceased to.
58#
59# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
60# IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman,
61# Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped.
62# Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria,
63# so use Lindeman.
64#
65# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
66Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
67Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 -
68Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
69Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
70Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
71Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
72Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895
73 10:00 Aus EST 1971
74 10:00 AQ EST
75Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895
76 10:00 Aus EST 1971
77 10:00 AQ EST 1992 Jul
78 10:00 Holiday EST
79
80# South Australia
81# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
82Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
83Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 -
84Rule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
85Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 -
86Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
87Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
88Rule AS 1991 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 -
89Rule AS 1992 only - Mar 22 2:00s 0 -
90Rule AS 1993 only - Mar 7 2:00s 0 -
91Rule AS 1994 only - Mar 20 2:00s 0 -
92Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
93Rule AS 2006 only - Apr 2 2:00s 0 -
94Rule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
95Rule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
96Rule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
97# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
98Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
99 9:00 - CST 1899 May
100 9:30 Aus CST 1971
101 9:30 AS CST
102
103# Tasmania
104#
105# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16):
106# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml>
107# says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971.
108#
109# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
110Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
111Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
112Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
113Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 -
114Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 -
115Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
116Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
117Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
118Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 -
119Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
120Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 -
121Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
122Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
123Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
124Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
125Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
126Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
127Rule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
128Rule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
129# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
130Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep
131 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
132 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb
133 10:00 Aus EST 1967
134 10:00 AT EST
135Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep
136 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
137 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb
138 10:00 Aus EST 1971 Jul
139 10:00 AT EST
140
141# Victoria
142# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
143Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
144Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 -
145Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
146Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
147Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 -
148Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
149Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
150Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
151Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
152Rule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
153Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
154Rule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
155Rule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
156Rule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
157# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
158Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
159 10:00 Aus EST 1971
160 10:00 AV EST
161
162# New South Wales
163# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
164Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
165Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 -
166Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
167Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
168Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
169Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
170Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 -
171Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
172Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
173Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
174Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
175Rule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
176Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
177Rule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
178Rule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
179Rule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
180# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
181Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
182 10:00 Aus EST 1971
183 10:00 AN EST
184Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb
185 10:00 - EST 1896 Aug 23
186 9:00 - CST 1899 May
187 9:30 Aus CST 1971
188 9:30 AN CST 2000
189 9:30 AS CST
190
191# Lord Howe Island
192# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
193Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 -
194Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
195Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 -
196Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
197Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 -
198Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 -
199Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
200Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
201Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 -
202Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 -
203Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
204Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
205Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
206Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 -
207Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
208 10:00 - EST 1981 Mar
209 10:30 LH LHST
210
211# Australian miscellany
212#
213# Ashmore Is, Cartier
214# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers
215# no times are set
216#
217# Coral Sea Is
218# no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists
219# no times are set
220#
221# Macquarie
222# permanent occupation (scientific station) since 1948;
223# sealing and penguin oil station operated 1888/1917
224# like Australia/Hobart
225
226# Christmas
227# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
228Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
229 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time
230
231# Cook Is
232# From Shanks & Pottenger:
233# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
234Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS
235Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
236Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS
237# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
238Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua
239 -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time
240 -10:00 Cook CK%sT
241
242# Cocos
243# These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978.
244# We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900.
245# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
246Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900
247 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time
248
249# Fiji
250# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10):
251# According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST
252# from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010.
253#
254# "Daylight savings to commence this month"
255# <a href="http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719">
256# http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719
257# </a>
258# or
259# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html">
260# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html
261# </a>
262
263# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10):
264# The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved
265# amendments:
266# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml">
267# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml
268# </a>
269
270# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03):
271# The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on
272# 2010-03-28 at 03:00.
273# The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March
274# 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?).
275#
276# Official source:
277# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166">
278# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166
279# </a>
280#
281# A bit more background info here:
282# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html">
283# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html
284# </a>
285
286# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24):
287# According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3
288# weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011...
289# Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands,
290# Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site:
291# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155">
292# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155
293# </a>
294# or
295# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html">
296# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html
297# </a>
298
299# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-03):
300# Now the dates have been confirmed, and at least our start date
301# assumption was correct (end date was one week wrong).
302#
303# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155">
304# www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155
305# </a>
306# which says
307# Members of the public are reminded to change their time to one hour in
308# advance at 2am to 3am on October 23, 2011 and one hour back at 3am to
309# 2am on February 26 next year.
310
311# From Ken Rylander (2011-10-24)
312# Another change to the Fiji DST end date. In the TZ database the end date for
313# Fiji DST 2012, is currently Feb 26. This has been changed to Jan 22.
314#
315# <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155">
316# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155
317# </a>
318# states:
319#
320# The end of daylight saving scheduled initially for the 26th of February 2012
321# has been brought forward to the 22nd of January 2012.
322# The commencement of daylight saving will remain unchanged and start
323# on the 23rd of October, 2011.
324
325# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
326Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
327Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 -
328Rule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 S
329Rule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 -
330Rule Fiji 2010 only - Oct 24 2:00 1:00 S
331Rule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 -
332Rule Fiji 2011 only - Oct 23 2:00 1:00 S
333Rule Fiji 2012 only - Jan 22 3:00 0 -
334# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
335Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:53:40 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva
336 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time
337
338# French Polynesia
339# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
340Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea
341 -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time
342Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct
343 -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time
344Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete
345 -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time
346# Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia;
347# it is uninhabited.
348
349# Guam
350# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
351Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
352 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana
353 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam
354 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time
355
356# Kiribati
357# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
358Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki
359 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time
360Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901
361 -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time
362 -11:00 - PHOT 1995
363 13:00 - PHOT
364Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901
365 -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time
366 -10:00 - LINT 1995
367 14:00 - LINT
368
369# N Mariana Is
370# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
371Zone Pacific/Saipan -14:17:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
372 9:43:00 - LMT 1901
373 9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time
374 10:00 - MPT 2000 Dec 23
375 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time
376
377# Marshall Is
378# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
379Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901
380 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time
381 12:00 - MHT
382Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901
383 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct
384 -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time
385 12:00 - MHT
386
387# Micronesia
388# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
389Zone Pacific/Chuuk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901
390 10:00 - CHUT # Chuuk Time
391Zone Pacific/Pohnpei 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia
392 11:00 - PONT # Pohnpei Time
393Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901
394 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time
395 12:00 - KOST 1999
396 11:00 - KOST
397
398# Nauru
399# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
400Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe
401 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time
402 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15
403 11:30 - NRT 1979 May
404 12:00 - NRT
405
406# New Caledonia
407# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
408Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
409Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 -
410Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S
411# Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA.
412Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 -
413# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
414Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13
415 11:00 NC NC%sT
416
417
418###############################################################################
419
420# New Zealand
421
422# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
423Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S
424Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M
425Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S
426Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M
427Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M
428Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S
429Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S
430# Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no
431# convenient notation for this so we must duplicate the Rule lines.
432Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
433Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D
434Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S
435Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S
436Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
437Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D
438Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
439Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S
440Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D
441Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D
442Rule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
443Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D
444Rule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
445Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S
446Rule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
447Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D
448Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
449Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S
450# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
451Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2
452 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1
453 12:00 NZ NZ%sT
454Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1957 Jan 1
455 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT
456
457
458# Auckland Is
459# uninhabited; Maori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers,
460# and scientific personnel have wintered
461
462# Campbell I
463# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914
464# scientific station operated 1941/1995;
465# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered
466# was probably like Pacific/Auckland
467
468###############################################################################
469
470
471# Niue
472# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
473Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi
474 -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time
475 -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1
476 -11:00 - NUT
477
478# Norfolk
479# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
480Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston
481 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time
482 11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time
483
484# Palau (Belau)
485# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
486Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror
487 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time
488
489# Papua New Guinea
490# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
491Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880
492 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time
493 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time
494
495# Pitcairn
496# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
497Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown
498 -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 00:00
499 -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time
500
501# American Samoa
502Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5
503 -11:22:48 - LMT 1911
504 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time
505 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome
506 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering
507 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa
508
509# Samoa
510
511# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16):
512# We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received
513# the following info:
514#
515# "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year
516# commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first
517# Sunday of April 2011."
518#
519# Background info:
520# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html">
521# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html
522# </a>
523#
524# Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not
525# contain any dates:
526# <a href="http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf">
527# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf
528# </a>
529
530# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07):
531# Please see
532# <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws">
533# http://www.mcil.gov.ws
534# </a>,
535# the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday
536# September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight
537# to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks
538# backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am"
539
540# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07):
541# I believe this will be posted shortly on the website
542# <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws">
543# www.mcil.gov.ws
544# </a>
545#
546# PUBLIC NOTICE ON DAYLIGHT SAVING TIME
547#
548# Pursuant to the Daylight Saving Act 2009 and Cabinets decision,
549# businesses and the general public are hereby advised that daylight
550# saving time is on the first Saturday of April 2011 (02/04/11).
551#
552# The public is therefore advised that when the standard time strikes
553# the hour of four oclock (4.00am or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011,
554# then all instruments used to measure standard time are to be
555# adjusted/changed to three oclock (3:00am or 0300Hrs).
556#
557# Margaret Fruean ACTING CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER MINISTRY OF COMMERCE,
558# INDUSTRY AND LABOUR 28th February 2011
559
560# From David Zuelke (2011-05-09):
561# Subject: Samoa to move timezone from east to west of international date line
562#
563# <a href="http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963">
564# http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963
565# </a>
566
567# From Mark Sim-Smith (2011-08-17):
568# I have been in contact with Leilani Tuala Warren from the Samoa Law
569# Reform Commission, and she has sent me a copy of the Bill that she
570# confirmed has been passed...Most of the sections are about maps rather
571# than the time zone change, but I'll paste the relevant bits below. But
572# the essence is that at midnight 29 Dec (UTC-11 I suppose), Samoa
573# changes from UTC-11 to UTC+13:
574#
575# International Date Line Bill 2011
576#
577# AN ACT to provide for the change to standard time in Samoa and to make
578# consequential amendments to the position of the International Date
579# Line, and for related purposes.
580#
581# BE IT ENACTED by the Legislative Assembly of Samoa in Parliament
582# assembled as follows:
583#
584# 1. Short title and commencement-(1) This Act may be cited as the
585# International Date Line Act 2011. (2) Except for section 5(3) this Act
586# commences at 12 o'clock midnight, on Thursday 29th December 2011. (3)
587# Section 5(3) commences on the date of assent by the Head of State.
588#
589# [snip]
590#
591# 3. Interpretation - [snip] "Samoa standard time" in this Act and any
592# other statute of Samoa which refers to 'Samoa standard time' means the
593# time 13 hours in advance of Co-ordinated Universal Time.
594#
595# 4. Samoa standard time - (1) Upon the commencement of this Act, Samoa
596# standard time shall be set at 13 hours in advance of Co-ordinated
597# Universal Time for the whole of Samoa. (2) All references to Samoa's
598# time zone and to Samoa standard time in Samoa in all legislation and
599# instruments after the commencement of this Act shall be references to
600# Samoa standard time as provided for in this Act. (3) Nothing in this
601# Act affects the provisions of the Daylight Saving Act 2009, except that
602# it defines Samoa standard time....
603
604# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-09-02):
605# <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html">
606# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html
607# </a>
608#
609# here is the official website publication for Samoa DST and dateline change
610#
611# DST
612# Year End Time Start Time
613# 2011 - - - - - - 24 September 3:00am to 4:00am
614# 2012 01 April 4:00am to 3:00am - - - - - -
615#
616# Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011
617# Thursday 29th December 2011 23:59:59 Hours
618# Saturday 31st December 2011 00:00:00 Hours
619#
620# Clarification by Tim Parenti (2012-01-03):
621# Although Samoa has used Daylight Saving Time in the 2010-2011 and 2011-2012
622# seasons, there is not yet any indication that this trend will continue on
623# a regular basis. For now, we have explicitly listed the transitions below.
624Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5
625 -11:26:56 - LMT 1911
626 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time
627 -11:00 - WST 2010 Sep 26
628 -11:00 1:00 WSDT 2011 Apr 2 4:00
629 -11:00 - WST 2011 Sep 24 3:00
630 -11:00 1:00 WSDT 2011 Dec 30
631 13:00 1:00 WSDT 2012 Apr 1 4:00
632 13:00 - WST
633
634# Solomon Is
635# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea
636# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
637Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara
638 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time
639
640# Tokelau Is
641#
642# From Gwillim Law (2011-12-29)
643# A correspondent informed me that Tokelau, like Samoa, will be skipping
644# December 31 this year, thereby changing its time zone from UTC-10 to
645# UTC+14. When I tried to verify this statement, I found a confirming
646# article in Time magazine online
647# <a href="http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2103243,00.html">
648# (http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2103243,00.html).
649# </a>
650#
651# From Jonathan Leffler (2011-12-29)
652# Information from the BBC to the same effect:
653# <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-16351377">
654# http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-16351377
655# </a>
656#
657# Patch supplied by Tim Parenti (2011-12-29)
658
659# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
660Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901
661 -10:00 - TKT 2011 Dec 30 # Tokelau Time
662 14:00 - TKT
663
664# Tonga
665# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
666Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S
667Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 -
668Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
669Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 -
670# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
671Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901
672 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time
673 13:00 - TOT 1999
674 13:00 Tonga TO%sT
675
676# Tuvalu
677# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
678Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901
679 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time
680
681
682# US minor outlying islands
683
684# Howland, Baker
685# Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British
686# 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known.
687# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944;
688# uninhabited thereafter.
689# Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UTC-10:30) in 1937;
690# see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long,
691# Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000).
692# So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935
693# until they were abandoned after the war.
694
695# Jarvis
696# Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?.
697# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958;
698# uninhabited thereafter.
699# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati
700
701# Johnston
702# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
703Zone Pacific/Johnston -10:00 - HST
704
705# Kingman
706# uninhabited
707
708# Midway
709#
710# From Mark Brader (2005-01-23):
711# [Fallacies and Fantasies of Air Transport History, by R.E.G. Davies,
712# published 1994 by Paladwr Press, McLean, VA, USA; ISBN 0-9626483-5-3]
713# reproduced a Pan American Airways timeables from 1936, for their weekly
714# "Orient Express" flights between San Francisco and Manila, and connecting
715# flights to Chicago and the US East Coast. As it uses some time zone
716# designations that I've never seen before:....
717# Fri. 6:30A Lv. HONOLOLU (Pearl Harbor), H.I. H.L.T. Ar. 5:30P Sun.
718# " 3:00P Ar. MIDWAY ISLAND . . . . . . . . . M.L.T. Lv. 6:00A "
719#
720Zone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901
721 -11:00 - NST 1956 Jun 3
722 -11:00 1:00 NDT 1956 Sep 2
723 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome
724 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering
725 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa
726
727# Palmyra
728# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati
729
730# Wake
731# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
732Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901
733 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time
734
735
736# Vanuatu
737# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
738Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S
739Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 -
740Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S
741Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S
742Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 -
743Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S
744# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
745Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila
746 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time
747
748# Wallis and Futuna
749# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
750Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
751 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time
752
753###############################################################################
754
755# NOTES
756
757# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
758# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
759# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
760
761# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
762# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
763# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
764# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
765#
766# Gwillim Law writes that a good source
767# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
768# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
769# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
770# of the IATA's data after 1990.
771#
772# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
773# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
774#
775# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
776# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
777# I found in the UCLA library.
778#
779# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
780# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
781#
782# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
783# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
784# Corrections are welcome!
785# std dst
786# LMT Local Mean Time
787# 8:00 WST WST Western Australia
788# 8:45 CWST CWST Central Western Australia*
789# 9:00 JST Japan
790# 9:30 CST CST Central Australia
791# 10:00 EST EST Eastern Australia
792# 10:00 ChST Chamorro
793# 10:30 LHST LHST Lord Howe*
794# 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945
795# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present
796# 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham*
797# -11:00 SST Samoa
798# -10:00 HST Hawaii
799# - 8:00 PST Pitcairn*
800#
801# See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii.
802# See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is.
803
804###############################################################################
805
806# Australia
807
808# From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08):
809# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml">
810# Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia
811# </a> summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia.
812
813# From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12):
814# <a href="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving">
815# Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales
816# </a> covers New South Wales in particular.
817
818# From John Mackin (1991-03-06):
819# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time.
820# It is called `summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, `summer'
821# and `standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the
822# abbreviation does _not_ change...
823# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least
824# in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the
825# initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses
826# the phrase `summer time' and does not use the phrase `daylight
827# time'.
828# Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian
829# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases `Eastern Standard Time'
830# or `Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the
831# current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers
832# on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases
833# prefixed by the word `Australian' when referring to local times;
834# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC.
835
836# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
837# Given the above, what's chosen for year-round use is:
838# CST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 9:30
839# WST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00
840# EST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00
841
842# From Chuck Soper (2006-06-01):
843# I recently found this Australian government web page on time zones:
844# <http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia-13time>
845# And this government web page lists time zone names and abbreviations:
846# <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml>
847
848# From Paul Eggert (2001-04-05), summarizing a long discussion about "EST"
849# versus "AEST" etc.:
850#
851# I see the following points of dispute:
852#
853# * How important are unique time zone abbreviations?
854#
855# Here I tend to agree with the point (most recently made by Chris
856# Newman) that unique abbreviations should not be essential for proper
857# operation of software. We have other instances of ambiguity
858# (e.g. "IST" denoting both "Israel Standard Time" and "Indian
859# Standard Time"), and they are not likely to go away any time soon.
860# In the old days, some software mistakenly relied on unique
861# abbreviations, but this is becoming less true with time, and I don't
862# think it's that important to cater to such software these days.
863#
864# On the other hand, there is another motivation for unambiguous
865# abbreviations: it cuts down on human confusion. This is
866# particularly true for Australia, where "EST" can mean one thing for
867# time T and a different thing for time T plus 1 second.
868#
869# * Does the relevant legislation indicate which abbreviations should be used?
870#
871# Here I tend to think that things are a mess, just as they are in
872# many other countries. We Americans are currently disagreeing about
873# which abbreviation to use for the newly legislated Chamorro Standard
874# Time, for example.
875#
876# Personally, I would prefer to use common practice; I would like to
877# refer to legislation only for examples of common practice, or as a
878# tiebreaker.
879#
880# * Do Australians more often use "Eastern Daylight Time" or "Eastern
881# Summer Time"? Do they typically prefix the time zone names with
882# the word "Australian"?
883#
884# My own impression is that both "Daylight Time" and "Summer Time" are
885# common and are widely understood, but that "Summer Time" is more
886# popular; and that the leading "A" is also common but is omitted more
887# often than not. I just used AltaVista advanced search and got the
888# following count of page hits:
889#
890# 1,103 "Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au
891# 971 "Australian Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au
892# 613 "Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au
893# 127 "Australian Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au
894#
895# Here "Summer" seems quite a bit more popular than "Daylight",
896# particularly when we know the time zone is Australian and not US,
897# say. The "Australian" prefix seems to be popular for Eastern Summer
898# Time, but unpopular for Eastern Daylight Time.
899#
900# For abbreviations, tools like AltaVista are less useful because of
901# ambiguity. Many hits are not really time zones, unfortunately, and
902# many hits denote US time zones and not Australian ones. But here
903# are the hit counts anyway:
904#
905# 161,304 "EST" and domain:au
906# 25,156 "EDT" and domain:au
907# 18,263 "AEST" and domain:au
908# 10,416 "AEDT" and domain:au
909#
910# 14,538 "CST" and domain:au
911# 5,728 "CDT" and domain:au
912# 176 "ACST" and domain:au
913# 29 "ACDT" and domain:au
914#
915# 7,539 "WST" and domain:au
916# 68 "AWST" and domain:au
917#
918# This data suggest that Australians tend to omit the "A" prefix in
919# practice. The situation for "ST" versus "DT" is less clear, given
920# the ambiguities involved.
921#
922# * How do Australians feel about the abbreviations in the tz database?
923#
924# If you just count Australians on this list, I count 2 in favor and 3
925# against. One of the "against" votes (David Keegel) counseled delay,
926# saying that both AEST/AEDT and EST/EST are widely used and
927# understood in Australia.
928
929# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
930# Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ.
931# Mark Prior writes that his newspaper
932# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00,
933# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970
934# and perhaps the newspaper's `2:00' is referring to standard time.
935# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960.
936
937# From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05):
938#
939# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable,
940# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more
941# relevant entries in this database.
942#
943# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill):
944# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html">
945# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04)
946# </a>
947# ACT
948# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html">
949# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972
950# </a>
951# SA
952# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html">
953# Standard Time Act, 1898
954# </a>
955
956# From David Grosz (2005-06-13):
957# It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by
958# one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games.
959# Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday
960# in April instead of the last Sunday in March.
961#
962# From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14):
963# I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan
964# to extend DST together in 2006.
965# ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt
966# New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html
967# South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html
968# Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772
969# Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles
970# allude to it.
971# But not Queensland
972# http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html.
973
974# Northern Territory
975
976# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
977# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ]
978# # [ Nov 1990 ]
979# # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location.
980# ...
981# Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST
982
983# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
984# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
985# the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving.
986
987# Western Australia
988
989# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
990# # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ]
991# # [ Nov 1990 ]
992# # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to
993# # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but
994# # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus
995# # before reaching parliament.
996# ...
997# Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST
998# ...
999# Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1000# Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W
1001# Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1002# Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W
1003
1004# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
1005# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
1006# Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving.
1007
1008# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02):
1009# Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney
1010# rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at
1011# work at 9.00am.)
1012# W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse
1013# everybody again.
1014
1015# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
1016# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess;
1017# it matches what was used in the past.
1018
1019# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm">
1020# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ
1021# </a> (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses
1022# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia.
1023
1024# Queensland
1025# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1026# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ]
1027# # [ Dec 1990 ]
1028# ...
1029# Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST
1030# ...
1031# Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1032# Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E
1033# Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1034# Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E
1035
1036# From Bradley White (1989-12-24):
1037# "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from
1038# October 1989).
1039
1040# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
1041# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
1042# ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving
1043# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
1044
1045# From John Mackin (1991-03-06):
1046# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact
1047# end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised
1048# me.)
1049
1050# From Bradley White (1992-03-08):
1051# ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted
1052# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ...
1053# ...
1054# Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1055# Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S
1056# ...
1057
1058# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
1059# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes.
1060
1061# From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning
1062# from Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-11-01):
1063# WA are trialing DST for three years.
1064# <http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf>
1065
1066# From Rives McDow (2002-04-09):
1067# The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the
1068# southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western
1069# Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The
1070# residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so
1071# much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the
1072# international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South
1073# Australia and Western Australia....
1074#
1075# From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09):
1076# This is confirmed by the section entitled
1077# "What's the deal with time zones???" in
1078# <http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html>.
1079#
1080# From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07):
1081# ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway,
1082# which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern
1083# coast of the continent.
1084#
1085# I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no
1086# dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border
1087# village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west
1088# as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is
1089# the largest population centre in this zone....
1090#
1091# Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the
1092# question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I
1093# just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have,
1094# meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45.
1095#
1096# (2006-12-09):
1097# I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving
1098# in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis
1099# of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well
1100# before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago.
1101
1102# From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15):
1103# For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the
1104# introduction of standard time in 1895.
1105
1106
1107# southeast Australia
1108#
1109# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
1110# Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT
1111# end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October.
1112# http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html
1113
1114
1115# South Australia
1116
1117# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
1118# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
1119# ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving
1120# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
1121
1122# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1123# # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ]
1124# # [ Nov 1990 ]
1125# ...
1126# Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST
1127# ...
1128# Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1129# Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C
1130# Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C
1131# Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C
1132
1133# From Bradley White (1992-03-11):
1134# Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide
1135# contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival,
1136# South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks."
1137
1138# From Robert Elz (1992-03-13):
1139# I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that)
1140# South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even
1141# numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival
1142# is on...
1143
1144# From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000):
1145# DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday)....
1146# But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever...
1147# (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...).
1148
1149# From Bradley White (1994-04-11):
1150# If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March,
1151# 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can
1152# only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated....
1153
1154# From John Warburton (1994-10-07):
1155# The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ...
1156# was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994....
1157# start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March.
1158
1159# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
1160# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
1161
1162# Tasmania
1163
1164# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd
1165# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1166# # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ]
1167# # [ Nov 1990 ]
1168
1169# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10):
1170# Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have
1171# 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia
1172# (but nothing new about that).
1173
1174# From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04):
1175# I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the
1176# (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard,
1177# has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria
1178# (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000
1179# instead of the first Sunday in October.
1180
1181# Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules:
1182# http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300
1183
1184# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
1185# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
1186
1187# Victoria
1188
1189# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd
1190# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1191# # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ]
1192# # [ Nov 1990 ]
1193
1194# From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29):
1195# On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an
1196# interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was
1197# discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar
1198# Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located
1199# in Melbourne, Australia.
1200#
1201# Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which
1202# illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day
1203# of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's
1204# fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time,
1205# you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the
1206# expected time.
1207#
1208# However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had
1209# to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of
1210# the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps
1211# someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more.
1212#
1213# [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html
1214# [2] http://www.shrine.org.au
1215
1216# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
1217# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
1218
1219# New South Wales
1220
1221# From Arthur David Olson:
1222# New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time.
1223# Based on law library research by John Mackin,
1224# who notes:
1225# In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the
1226# individual states. Thus, while such terms as ``Eastern Standard Time''
1227# [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common
1228# use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the
1229# legislation. This is very important to understand.
1230# I have researched New South Wales time only...
1231
1232# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26):
1233# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual
1234# October in 2000. [See: Matthew Moore,
1235# <a href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html">
1236# Two months more daylight saving
1237# </a>
1238# Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).]
1239
1240# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27):
1241# See the following official NSW source:
1242# <a href="http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ">
1243# Daylight Saving in New South Wales.
1244# </a>
1245#
1246# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of
1247# daylight saving next year. See:
1248# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm">
1249# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving
1250# </a> (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens.
1251#
1252# Victoria will following NSW. See:
1253# <a href="http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm">
1254# Vic to extend daylight saving
1255# </a> (1999-07-28).
1256#
1257# However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See:
1258# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm">
1259# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request
1260# </a> (1999-07-19).
1261#
1262# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See:
1263# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm">
1264# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics
1265# </a> (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying
1266# ``Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time
1267# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very
1268# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of
1269# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night.
1270# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules.''
1271#
1272# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See:
1273# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm">
1274# Broken Hill to be behind the times
1275# </a> (1999-07-21).
1276
1277# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian
1278# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken
1279# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics.
1280
1281# From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29:
1282# The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW
1283# towns to use Queensland time.
1284
1285# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
1286# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
1287
1288# Yancowinna
1289
1290# From John Mackin (1989-01-04):
1291# `Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna.
1292
1293# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1294# # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ]
1295# # [ Dec 1990 ]
1296# ...
1297# # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the
1298# # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings
1299# # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government
1300# # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have
1301# # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not
1302# # presently available.
1303# Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST
1304# ...
1305# Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1306# Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C
1307# [followed by other Rules]
1308
1309# Lord Howe Island
1310
1311# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1312# LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ]
1313# [ Dec 1990 ]
1314# Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an
1315# hour ahead of NSW time.
1316
1317# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27):
1318# Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same
1319# date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the
1320# Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is
1321# seeking the community's views on various options for summer time
1322# arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour
1323# instead of only 30 minutes. [Dependent] on the wishes of residents
1324# the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing
1325# arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will
1326# however always coincide with the rest of NSW.
1327
1328# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25):
1329# Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards
1330# clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently
1331# introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as
1332# shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start
1333# of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW.
1334
1335# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1336# For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and
1337# Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan.
1338
1339# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
1340# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
1341
1342# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28):
1343# According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight
1344# saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009
1345# summer (southern hemisphere).
1346#
1347# From
1348# <a href="http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf">
1349# http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf
1350# </a>
1351# The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling
1352# for over the last year is now set to be ongoing.
1353# Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each
1354# year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year.
1355# Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia
1356# with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and
1357# the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year...
1358#
1359# We have a wrap-up here:
1360# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html">
1361# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html
1362# </a>
1363###############################################################################
1364
1365# New Zealand
1366
1367# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03):
1368# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period.
1369# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for
1370# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start).
1371# source -- phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office.
1372
1373# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
1374# # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that!
1375# # or is Australia the west island of N.Z.
1376# # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ]
1377# # [ Nov 1990 ]
1378# ...
1379# Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
1380# Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1381# Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S
1382# Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S
1383# ...
1384# Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand
1385# Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island
1386
1387# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
1388# The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989
1389# rather than the October 1 value.
1390
1391# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19);
1392# Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ.
1393# Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight
1394# Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard
1395# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March.
1396# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00.
1397#
1398# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1399# The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history,
1400# as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references.
1401# Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger.
1402#
1403# For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with
1404# transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham
1405# is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland.
1406
1407# From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30):
1408# DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the
1409# first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning
1410# that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06.
1411# http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended
1412
1413###############################################################################
1414
1415
1416# Fiji
1417
1418# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji
1419# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time
1420# instead of the American system (which was one day behind).
1421
1422# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08):
1423# Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01
1424# until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will
1425# be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February.
1426
1427# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08):
1428# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow.
1429
1430# From the BBC World Service (1998-10-31 11:32 UTC):
1431# The Fijiian government says the main reasons for the time change is to
1432# improve productivity and reduce road accidents. But correspondents say it
1433# also hopes the move will boost Fiji's ability to compete with other pacific
1434# islands in the effort to attract tourists to witness the dawning of the new
1435# millenium.
1436
1437# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13)
1438# reports that Fiji has discontinued DST.
1439
1440# Johnston
1441
1442# Johnston data is from usno1995.
1443
1444
1445# Kiribati
1446
1447# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
1448# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati
1449# ``declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995''
1450# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century.
1451
1452
1453# Kwajalein
1454
1455# In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes:
1456# I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday,
1457# 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with
1458# respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands,
1459# going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink.
1460
1461
1462# N Mariana Is, Guam
1463
1464# Howse writes (p 153) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the
1465# Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones
1466# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time.
1467# For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines;
1468# see Asia/Manila.
1469
1470# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time,
1471# under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation,
1472# but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law,
1473# wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST".
1474
1475
1476# Micronesia
1477
1478# Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16),
1479# ``I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that "Truk"
1480# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10.''
1481#
1482# Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11
1483# on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now.
1484
1485# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
1486# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in
1487# <a href="http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html">
1488# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information
1489# </a> (1999-01-26)
1490# that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11.
1491# We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now.
1492
1493
1494# Midway
1495
1496# From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956),
1497# quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection
1498# <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31):
1499# For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight
1500# Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning,
1501# your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956
1502# we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to
1503# air at 6am your time.
1504#
1505# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23):
1506# We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they
1507# started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years
1508# in Midway, but we have no record of it.
1509
1510
1511# Pitcairn
1512
1513# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08):
1514# A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998
1515# with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows.
1516#
1517# The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be
1518# Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known
1519# as Pitcairn Standard Time.
1520#
1521# ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several
1522# references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation
1523# somehow in light of this proclamation.
1524
1525# From Rives McDow (1999-11-09):
1526# The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998
1527# ... at midnight.
1528
1529# From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave:
1530# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as
1531# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in
1532# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago.
1533
1534
1535# Samoa
1536
1537# Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald)
1538# that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change
1539# ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system,
1540# ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that
1541# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.''
1542
1543
1544# Tonga
1545
1546# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
1547# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting
1548# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.''
1549# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do.
1550
1551# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle
1552# <a href="http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm">
1553# How Tonga became `The Land where Time Begins'
1554# </a>:
1555
1556# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST
1557# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its
1558# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its
1559# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of
1560# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees
1561# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time).
1562#
1563# Because His Majesty King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince
1564# Tungi, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time
1565# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change.
1566#
1567# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer
1568# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40
1569# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40
1570# minutes we have lost?"
1571#
1572# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that
1573# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth
1574# to say your prayers in the morning."
1575
1576# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1577# Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell.
1578
1579# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03):
1580# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millenium
1581# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front.
1582# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from
1583# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan
1584# Government.
1585
1586# From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
1587# * Tonga will introduce DST in November
1588#
1589# I was given this link by John Letts:
1590# <a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm">
1591# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm
1592# </a>
1593#
1594# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November
1595# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead
1596# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead
1597# (12 + 1 hour DST).
1598
1599# From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20):
1600# According to <a href="http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html">
1601# http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html
1602# </a>:
1603# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000
1604# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the
1605# third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on
1606# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and
1607# set back an hour on the closing date."
1608# Alas, no indication of the time of day.
1609
1610# From Rives McDow (1999-10-06):
1611# Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am.
1612# Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning.
1613
1614# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31):
1615# Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com
1616# that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19
1617# instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article
1618# is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the
1619# text, and I have forgotten to report it here.
1620# (Original URL was: http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm )
1621
1622# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01):
1623# Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27.
1624
1625# From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow:
1626# At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom
1627# shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday
1628# of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one
1629# hour to 1:00am.
1630
1631# From Pulu 'Anau (2002-11-05):
1632# The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't.
1633
1634
1635# Wake
1636
1637# From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup,
1638# US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02):
1639#
1640# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] -- ... The time was all the
1641# more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the
1642# International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we
1643# discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time
1644# making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost
1645# impossible.
1646#
1647# http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm
1648
1649# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23):
1650# We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now.
1651
1652###############################################################################
1653
1654# The International Date Line
1655
1656# From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03):
1657#
1658# The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard,
1659# convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please.
1660# Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on
1661# the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there.
1662#
1663# When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and
1664# Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL
1665# to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most
1666# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line
1667# has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific
1668# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international
1669# convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is
1670# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some
1671# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not
1672# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the
1673# correct date is ambiguous.
1674
1675# From Wikipedia <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31):
1676# Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting
1677# their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's
1678# speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's
1679# meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the
1680# Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all
1681# ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones
1682# on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any
1683# nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted
1684# to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's
1685# entry into another zone time--he often chose midnight. These zones were
1686# adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many
1687# independent merchant ships until World War II.
1688
1689# From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen
1690# (2005-03-20):
1691#
1692# The American Practical Navigator (2002)
1693# <http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187>
1694# talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in
1695# international waters; it ignores the international date line.