108
109# Azerbaijan
110# From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23):
111# According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997
112# Resolution available at: http://aif.az/docs/daylight_res.pdf
113# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
114Rule Azer 1997 max - Mar lastSun 4:00 1:00 S
115Rule Azer 1997 max - Oct lastSun 5:00 0 -
116# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
117Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
118 3:00 - BAKT 1957 Mar # Baku Time
119 4:00 RussiaAsia BAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
120 3:00 1:00 BAKST 1991 Aug 30 # independence
121 3:00 RussiaAsia AZ%sT 1992 Sep lastSat 23:00
122 4:00 - AZT 1996 # Azerbaijan time
123 4:00 EUAsia AZ%sT 1997
124 4:00 Azer AZ%sT
125
126# Bahrain
127# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
128Zone Asia/Bahrain 3:22:20 - LMT 1920 # Al Manamah
129 4:00 - GST 1972 Jun
130 3:00 - AST
131
132# Bangladesh
133# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-05-13):
134# According to newspaper Asian Tribune (May 6, 2009) Bangladesh may introduce
135# Daylight Saving Time from June 16 to Sept 30
136#
137# Bangladesh to introduce daylight saving time likely from June 16
138# <a href="http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288">
139# http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288
140# </a>
141# or
142# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html">
143# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html
144# </a>
145#
146# "... Bangladesh government has decided to switch daylight saving time from
147# June
148# 16 till September 30 in a bid to ensure maximum use of daylight to cope with
149# crippling power crisis. "
150#
151# The switch will remain in effect from June 16 to Sept 30 (2009) but if
152# implemented the next year, it will come in force from April 1, 2010
153
154# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-02):
155# They have finally decided now, but changed the start date to midnight between
156# the 19th and 20th, and they have not set the end date yet.
157#
158# Some sources:
159# <a href="http://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601">
160# http://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601
161# </a>
162# <a href="http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2">
163# http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2
164# </a>
165#
166# Our wrap-up:
167# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html">
168# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html
169# </a>
170
171# From A. N. M. Kamrus Saadat (2009-06-15):
172# Finally we've got the official mail regarding DST start time where DST start
173# time is mentioned as Jun 19 2009, 23:00 from BTRC (Bangladesh
174# Telecommunication Regulatory Commission).
175#
176# No DST end date has been announced yet.
177
178# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-25):
179# Bangladesh won't go back to Standard Time from October 1, 2009,
180# instead it will continue DST measure till the cabinet makes a fresh decision.
181#
182# Following report by same newspaper-"The Daily Star Friday":
183# "DST change awaits cabinet decision-Clock won't go back by 1-hr from Oct 1"
184# <a href="http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021">
185# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021
186# </a>
187# or
188# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html">
189# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html
190# </a>
191
192# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-13):
193# IANS (Indo-Asian News Service) now reports:
194# Bangladesh has decided that the clock advanced by an hour to make
195# maximum use of daylight hours as an energy saving measure would
196# "continue for an indefinite period."
197#
198# One of many places where it is published:
199# <a href="http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html">
200# http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html
201# </a>
202
203# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-12-24):
204# According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star,"
205# Bangladesh will change its clock back to Standard Time on Dec 31, 2009.
206#
207# Clock goes back 1-hr on Dec 31 night.
208# <a href="http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119228">
209# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119228
210# </a>
211# and
212# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html">
213# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html
214# </a>
215#
216# "...The government yesterday decided to put the clock back by one hour
217# on December 31 midnight and the new time will continue until March 31,
218# 2010 midnight. The decision came at a cabinet meeting at the Prime
219# Minister's Office last night..."
220
221# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-22):
222# According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star,"
223# Cabinet cancels Daylight Saving Time
224# <a href="http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/latest_news.php?nid=22817">
225# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/latest_news.php?nid=22817
226# </a>
227# or
228# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh06.html">
229# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh06.html
230# </a>
231
232# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
233Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Jun 19 23:00 1:00 S
234Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Dec 31 23:59 0 -
235
236# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
237Zone Asia/Dhaka 6:01:40 - LMT 1890
238 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
239 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time
240 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
241 6:30 - BURT 1951 Sep 30
242 6:00 - DACT 1971 Mar 26 # Dacca Time
243 6:00 - BDT 2009
244 6:00 Dhaka BD%sT
245
246# Bhutan
247# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
248Zone Asia/Thimphu 5:58:36 - LMT 1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu
249 5:30 - IST 1987 Oct
250 6:00 - BTT # Bhutan Time
251
252# British Indian Ocean Territory
253# Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the
254# 1997 and later maps say 6:00. Assume the switch occurred in 1996.
255# We have no information as to when standard time was introduced;
256# assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which
257# then contained the Chagos Archipelago).
258# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
259Zone Indian/Chagos 4:49:40 - LMT 1907
260 5:00 - IOT 1996 # BIOT Time
261 6:00 - IOT
262
263# Brunei
264# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
265Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan
266 7:30 - BNT 1933
267 8:00 - BNT
268
269# Burma / Myanmar
270# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
271Zone Asia/Rangoon 6:24:40 - LMT 1880 # or Yangon
272 6:24:36 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon Mean Time?
273 6:30 - BURT 1942 May # Burma Time
274 9:00 - JST 1945 May 3
275 6:30 - MMT # Myanmar Time
276
277# Cambodia
278# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
279Zone Asia/Phnom_Penh 6:59:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9
280 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
281 7:00 - ICT 1912 May
282 8:00 - ICT 1931 May
283 7:00 - ICT
284
285# China
286
287# From Guy Harris:
288# People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone.
289
290# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
291# No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though
292# China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the
293# Peking (Bejing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China
294# has two of 'em -- Peking's and Urumqi (named after the capital of
295# the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it.
296#
297# . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too
298# painful to suck in another copy.. So, here is what I have for
299# DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP):
300#
301# 1986 May 4 - Sept 14
302# 1987 mid-April - ??
303
304# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
305# CHINA 8 H AHEAD OF UTC ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN
306# CHINA 9 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 17 - SEP 10
307
308# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
309# Shanks & Pottenger write that China (except for Hong Kong and Macau)
310# has had a single time zone since 1980 May 1, observing summer DST
311# from 1986 through 1991; this contradicts Devine's
312# note about Time magazine, though apparently _something_ happened in 1986.
313# Go with Shanks & Pottenger for now. I made up names for the other
314# pre-1980 time zones.
315
316# From Shanks & Pottenger:
317# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
318Rule Shang 1940 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D
319Rule Shang 1940 1941 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
320Rule Shang 1941 only - Mar 16 0:00 1:00 D
321Rule PRC 1986 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 D
322Rule PRC 1986 1991 - Sep Sun>=11 0:00 0 S
323Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D
324
325# From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20):
326# BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five
327# historic timezones from some Taiwan websites. And yes, there are official
328# Chinese names for these locales (before 1949).
329#
330# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-07-14):
331# I have investigated the timezones around 1970 on the
332# http://www.astro.com/atlas site [with provinces and county
333# boundaries summarized below].... A few other exceptions were two
334# counties on the Sichuan side of the Xizang-Sichuan border,
335# counties Dege and Baiyu which lies on the Sichuan side and are
336# therefore supposed to be GMT+7, Xizang region being GMT+6, but Dege
337# county is GMT+8 according to astro.com while Baiyu county is GMT+6
338# (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two
339# counties are mistakes in the astro.com data.
340
341# From Paul Eggert (2008-02-11):
342# I just now checked Google News for western news sources that talk
343# about China's single time zone, and couldn't find anything before 1986
344# talking about China being in one time zone. (That article was: Jim
345# Mann, "A clumsy embrace for another western custom: China on daylight
346# time--sort of", Los Angeles Times, 1986-05-05. By the way, this
347# article confirms the tz database's data claiming that China began
348# observing daylight saving time in 1986.
349#
350# From Thomas S. Mullaney (2008-02-11):
351# I think you're combining two subjects that need to treated
352# separately: daylight savings (which, you're correct, wasn't
353# implemented until the 1980s) and the unified time zone centered near
354# Beijing (which was implemented in 1949). Briefly, there was also a
355# "Lhasa Time" in Tibet and "Urumqi Time" in Xinjiang. The first was
356# ceased, and the second eventually recognized (again, in the 1980s).
357#
358# From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30):
359# There seems to be a good chance China switched to a single time zone in 1949
360# rather than in 1980 as Shanks & Pottenger have it, but we don't have a
361# reliable documentary source saying so yet, so for now we still go with
362# Shanks & Pottenger.
363
364# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
365# Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area)
366# Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin
367Zone Asia/Harbin 8:26:44 - LMT 1928 # or Haerbin
368 8:30 - CHAT 1932 Mar # Changbai Time
369 8:00 - CST 1940
370 9:00 - CHAT 1966 May
371 8:30 - CHAT 1980 May
372 8:00 PRC C%sT
373# Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time")
374# most of China
375Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:52 - LMT 1928
376 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949
377 8:00 PRC C%sT
378# Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area)
379# Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan;
380# most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; west Qinghai; and the Guangdong
381# counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing,
382# Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu.
383Zone Asia/Chongqing 7:06:20 - LMT 1928 # or Chungking
384 7:00 - LONT 1980 May # Long-shu Time
385 8:00 PRC C%sT
386# Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time")
387# The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai;
388# the Guangdong counties Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang,
389# Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi;
390# east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi;
391# east Xinjiang, including Urumqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe,
392# Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin,
393# Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami,
394# Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan.
395Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928 # or Urumchi
396 6:00 - URUT 1980 May # Urumqi Time
397 8:00 PRC C%sT
398# Kunlun Time
399# West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule;
400# West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke,
401# Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding,
402# and Yarkand.
403
404# From Luther Ma (2009-10-17):
405# Almost all (>99.9%) ethnic Chinese (properly ethnic Han) living in
406# Xinjiang use Chinese Standard Time. Some are aware of Xinjiang time,
407# but have no need of it. All planes, trains, and schools function on
408# what is called "Beijing time." When Han make an appointment in Chinese
409# they implicitly use Beijing time.
410#
411# On the other hand, ethnic Uyghurs, who make up about half the
412# population of Xinjiang, typically use "Xinjiang time" which is two
413# hours behind Beijing time, or UTC +0600. The government of the Xinjiang
414# Uyghur Autonomous Region, (XAUR, or just Xinjiang for short) as well as
415# local governments such as the Urumqi city government use both times in
416# publications, referring to what is popularly called Xinjiang time as
417# "Urumqi time." When Uyghurs make an appointment in the Uyghur language
418# they almost invariably use Xinjiang time.
419#
420# (Their ethnic Han compatriots would typically have no clue of its
421# widespread use, however, because so extremely few of them are fluent in
422# Uyghur, comparable to the number of Anglo-Americans fluent in Navajo.)
423#
424# (...As with the rest of China there was a brief interval ending in 1990
425# or 1991 when summer time was in use. The confusion was severe, with
426# the province not having dual times but four times in use at the same
427# time. Some areas remained on standard Xinjiang time or Beijing time and
428# others moving their clocks ahead.)
429#
430# ...an example of an official website using of Urumqi time.
431#
432# The first few lines of the Google translation of
433# <a href="http://www.fjysgl.gov.cn/show.aspx?id=2379&cid=39">
434# http://www.fjysgl.gov.cn/show.aspx?id=2379&cid=39
435# </a>
436# (retrieved 2009-10-13)
437# > Urumqi fire seven people are missing the alleged losses of at least
438# > 500 million yuan
439# >
440# > (Reporter Dong Liu) the day before 20:20 or so (Urumqi Time 18:20),
441# > Urumqi City Department of International Plaza Luther Qiantang River
442# > burst fire. As of yesterday, 18:30, Urumqi City Fire officers and men
443# > have worked continuously for 22 hours...
444
445# From Luther Ma (2009-11-19):
446# With the risk of being redundant to previous answers these are the most common
447# English "transliterations" (w/o using non-English symbols):
448#
449# 1. Wulumuqi...
450# 2. Kashi...
451# 3. Urumqi...
452# 4. Kashgar...
453# ...
454# 5. It seems that Uyghurs in Urumqi has been using Xinjiang since at least the
455# 1960's. I know of one Han, now over 50, who grew up in the surrounding
456# countryside and used Xinjiang time as a child.
457#
458# 6. Likewise for Kashgar and the rest of south Xinjiang I don't know of any
459# start date for Xinjiang time.
460#
461# Without having access to local historical records, nor the ability to legally
462# publish them, I would go with October 1, 1949, when Xinjiang became the Uyghur
463# Autonomous Region under the PRC. (Before that Uyghurs, of course, would also
464# not be using Beijing time, but some local time.)
465
466Zone Asia/Kashgar 5:03:56 - LMT 1928 # or Kashi or Kaxgar
467 5:30 - KAST 1940 # Kashgar Time
468 5:00 - KAST 1980 May
469 8:00 PRC C%sT
470
471
472# From Lee Yiu Chung (2009-10-24):
473# I found there are some mistakes for the...DST rule for Hong
474# Kong. [According] to the DST record from Hong Kong Observatory (actually,
475# it is not [an] observatory, but the official meteorological agency of HK,
476# and also serves as the official timing agency), there are some missing
477# and incorrect rules. Although the exact switch over time is missing, I
478# think 3:30 is correct. The official DST record for Hong Kong can be
479# obtained from
480# <a href="http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm">
481# http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm
482# </a>.
483
484# From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28):
485# Here are the dates given at
486# <a href="http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm">
487# http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm
488# </a>
489# as of 2009-10-28:
490# Year Period
491# 1941 1 Apr to 30 Sep
492# 1942 Whole year
493# 1943 Whole year
494# 1944 Whole year
495# 1945 Whole year
496# 1946 20 Apr to 1 Dec
497# 1947 13 Apr to 30 Dec
498# 1948 2 May to 31 Oct
499# 1949 3 Apr to 30 Oct
500# 1950 2 Apr to 29 Oct
501# 1951 1 Apr to 28 Oct
502# 1952 6 Apr to 25 Oct
503# 1953 5 Apr to 1 Nov
504# 1954 21 Mar to 31 Oct
505# 1955 20 Mar to 6 Nov
506# 1956 18 Mar to 4 Nov
507# 1957 24 Mar to 3 Nov
508# 1958 23 Mar to 2 Nov
509# 1959 22 Mar to 1 Nov
510# 1960 20 Mar to 6 Nov
511# 1961 19 Mar to 5 Nov
512# 1962 18 Mar to 4 Nov
513# 1963 24 Mar to 3 Nov
514# 1964 22 Mar to 1 Nov
515# 1965 18 Apr to 17 Oct
516# 1966 17 Apr to 16 Oct
517# 1967 16 Apr to 22 Oct
518# 1968 21 Apr to 20 Oct
519# 1969 20 Apr to 19 Oct
520# 1970 19 Apr to 18 Oct
521# 1971 18 Apr to 17 Oct
522# 1972 16 Apr to 22 Oct
523# 1973 22 Apr to 21 Oct
524# 1973/74 30 Dec 73 to 20 Oct 74
525# 1975 20 Apr to 19 Oct
526# 1976 18 Apr to 17 Oct
527# 1977 Nil
528# 1978 Nil
529# 1979 13 May to 21 Oct
530# 1980 to Now Nil
531# The page does not give start or end times of day.
532# The page does not give a start date for 1942.
533# The page does not givw an end date for 1945.
534# The Japanese occupation of Hong Kong began on 1941-12-25.
535# The Japanese surrender of Hong Kong was signed 1945-09-15.
536# For lack of anything better, use start of those days as the transition times.
537
538# Hong Kong (Xianggang)
539# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
540Rule HK 1941 only - Apr 1 3:30 1:00 S
541Rule HK 1941 only - Sep 30 3:30 0 -
542Rule HK 1946 only - Apr 20 3:30 1:00 S
543Rule HK 1946 only - Dec 1 3:30 0 -
544Rule HK 1947 only - Apr 13 3:30 1:00 S
545Rule HK 1947 only - Dec 30 3:30 0 -
546Rule HK 1948 only - May 2 3:30 1:00 S
547Rule HK 1948 1951 - Oct lastSun 3:30 0 -
548Rule HK 1952 only - Oct 25 3:30 0 -
549Rule HK 1949 1953 - Apr Sun>=1 3:30 1:00 S
550Rule HK 1953 only - Nov 1 3:30 0 -
551Rule HK 1954 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 3:30 1:00 S
552Rule HK 1954 only - Oct 31 3:30 0 -
553Rule HK 1955 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 -
554Rule HK 1965 1976 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
555Rule HK 1965 1976 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
556Rule HK 1973 only - Dec 30 3:30 1:00 S
557Rule HK 1979 only - May Sun>=8 3:30 1:00 S
558Rule HK 1979 only - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
559# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
560Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:36 - LMT 1904 Oct 30
561 8:00 HK HK%sT 1941 Dec 25
562 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 15
563 8:00 HK HK%sT
564
565###############################################################################
566
567# Taiwan
568
569# Shanks & Pottenger write that Taiwan observed DST during 1945, when it
570# was still controlled by Japan. This is hard to believe, but we don't
571# have any other information.
572
573# From smallufo (2010-04-03):
574# According to Taiwan's CWB,
575# <a href="http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V6/astronomy/cdata/summert.htm">
576# http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V6/astronomy/cdata/summert.htm
577# </a>
578# Taipei has DST in 1979 between July 1st and Sep 30.
579
580# From Arthur David Olson (2010-04-07):
581# Here's Google's translation of the table at the bottom of the "summert.htm" page:
582# Decade Name Start and end date
583# Republic of China 34 years to 40 years (AD 1945-1951 years) Summer Time May 1 to September 30
584# 41 years of the Republic of China (AD 1952) Daylight Saving Time March 1 to October 31
585# Republic of China 42 years to 43 years (AD 1953-1954 years) Daylight Saving Time April 1 to October 31
586# In the 44 years to 45 years (AD 1955-1956 years) Daylight Saving Time April 1 to September 30
587# Republic of China 46 years to 48 years (AD 1957-1959) Summer Time April 1 to September 30
588# Republic of China 49 years to 50 years (AD 1960-1961) Summer Time June 1 to September 30
589# Republic of China 51 years to 62 years (AD 1962-1973 years) Stop Summer Time
590# Republic of China 63 years to 64 years (1974-1975 AD) Daylight Saving Time April 1 to September 30
591# Republic of China 65 years to 67 years (1976-1978 AD) Stop Daylight Saving Time
592# Republic of China 68 years (AD 1979) Daylight Saving Time July 1 to September 30
593# Republic of China since 69 years (AD 1980) Stop Daylight Saving Time
594
595# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
596Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
597Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
598Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D
599Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
600Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
601Rule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
602Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
603Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
604Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
605Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 D
606Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S
607
608# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
609Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 # or Taibei or T'ai-pei
610 8:00 Taiwan C%sT
611
612# Macau (Macao, Aomen)
613# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
614Rule Macau 1961 1962 - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
615Rule Macau 1961 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 -
616Rule Macau 1963 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
617Rule Macau 1964 only - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
618Rule Macau 1965 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
619Rule Macau 1965 only - Oct 31 0:00 0 -
620Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
621Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
622Rule Macau 1972 1974 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
623Rule Macau 1972 1973 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
624Rule Macau 1974 1977 - Oct Sun>=15 3:30 0 -
625Rule Macau 1975 1977 - Apr Sun>=15 3:30 1:00 S
626Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
627Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
628# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
629Zone Asia/Macau 7:34:20 - LMT 1912
630 8:00 Macau MO%sT 1999 Dec 20 # return to China
631 8:00 PRC C%sT
632
633
634###############################################################################
635
636# Cyprus
637# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
638Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S
639Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 -
640Rule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
641Rule Cyprus 1976 only - Oct 11 0:00 0 -
642Rule Cyprus 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
643Rule Cyprus 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 -
644Rule Cyprus 1978 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
645Rule Cyprus 1979 1997 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
646Rule Cyprus 1981 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
647# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
648Zone Asia/Nicosia 2:13:28 - LMT 1921 Nov 14
649 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep
650 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT
651# IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time.
652
653# Classically, Cyprus belongs to Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72.
654# However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe.
655Link Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia
656
657# Georgia
658# From Paul Eggert (1994-11-19):
659# Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward
660# an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze,
661# an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it!
662# We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall.
663#
664# From Mathew Englander, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04):
665# Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia
666# will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy,
667# President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday.
668#
669# From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27):
670#
671# Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday... The former Soviet
672# republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow. As a result it
673# is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours
674# ahead. The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia,
675# Mikhail Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process
676# of integration into Europe.
677
678# From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07):
679# Government of Georgia ... decided to NOT CHANGE daylight savings time on
680# [Oct.] 30, as it was done before during last more than 10 years.
681# Currently, we are in fact GMT +4:00, as before 30 October it was GMT
682# +3:00.... The problem is, there is NO FORMAL LAW or governmental document
683# about it. As far as I can find, I was told, that there is no document,
684# because we just DIDN'T ISSUE document about switching to winter time....
685# I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our
686# DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month.
687
688
689# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
690Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:16 - LMT 1880
691 2:59:16 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time
692 3:00 - TBIT 1957 Mar # Tbilisi Time
693 4:00 RussiaAsia TBI%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
694 3:00 1:00 TBIST 1991 Apr 9 # independence
695 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 1992 # Georgia Time
696 3:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1994 Sep lastSun
697 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1996 Oct lastSun
698 4:00 1:00 GEST 1997 Mar lastSun
699 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 2004 Jun 27
700 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 2005 Mar lastSun 2:00
701 4:00 - GET
702
703# East Timor
704
705# See Indonesia for the 1945 transition.
706
707# From Joao Carrascalao, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in
708# <a href="http://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm">
709# East Timor may be late for its millennium
710# </a> (1999-12-26/31):
711# Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun
712# rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the
713# Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it
714# conflicts with their way of life.
715
716# From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
717# We don't have any record of the above attempt.
718# Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data.
719
720# <a href="http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/last/00-08-16.undh.html">
721# From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General
722# (2000-08-16)</a>:
723# The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided
724# today to advance East Timor's time by one hour. The time change,
725# which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at
726# midnight on Saturday, September 16.
727
728# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
729Zone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912
730 8:00 - TLT 1942 Feb 21 23:00 # E Timor Time
731 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
732 9:00 - TLT 1976 May 3
733 8:00 - CIT 2000 Sep 17 00:00
734 9:00 - TLT
735
736# India
737# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
738Zone Asia/Kolkata 5:53:28 - LMT 1880 # Kolkata
739 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
740 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time
741 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
742 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15
743 5:30 - IST
744# The following are like Asia/Kolkata:
745# Andaman Is
746# Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is)
747# Nicobar Is
748
749# Indonesia
750#
751# From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger:
752# <http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime>
753# says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01. Looking at some
754# time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat
755# and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7.
756#
757# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-10):
758# Here is another correction to Shanks & Pottenger.
759# JohnTWB writes that Japanese forces did not surrender control in
760# Indonesia until 1945-09-01 00:00 at the earliest (in Jakarta) and
761# other formal surrender ceremonies were September 9, 11, and 13, plus
762# September 12 for the regional surrender to Mountbatten in Singapore.
763# These would be the earliest possible times for a change.
764# Regimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (Editions
765# Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched
766# from JST to UTC+07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura
767# (Hollandia). For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura
768# switched on 1945-09-23.
769#
770# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
771Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10
772# Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13,
773# but this must be a typo.
774 7:07:12 - JMT 1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Jakarta
775 7:20 - JAVT 1932 Nov # Java Time
776 7:30 - WIT 1942 Mar 23
777 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
778 7:30 - WIT 1948 May
779 8:00 - WIT 1950 May
780 7:30 - WIT 1964
781 7:00 - WIT
782Zone Asia/Pontianak 7:17:20 - LMT 1908 May
783 7:17:20 - PMT 1932 Nov # Pontianak MT
784 7:30 - WIT 1942 Jan 29
785 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
786 7:30 - WIT 1948 May
787 8:00 - WIT 1950 May
788 7:30 - WIT 1964
789 8:00 - CIT 1988 Jan 1
790 7:00 - WIT
791Zone Asia/Makassar 7:57:36 - LMT 1920
792 7:57:36 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar MT
793 8:00 - CIT 1942 Feb 9
794 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
795 8:00 - CIT
796Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov
797 9:00 - EIT 1944 Sep 1
798 9:30 - CST 1964
799 9:00 - EIT
800
801# Iran
802
803# From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15):
804# This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian).
805# The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine:
806#
807# Official Newspaper No. 13548-1370/6/25 [1991-09-16]
808# No. 16760/T233 H 1370/6/10 [1991-09-01]
809#
810# The Rule About Change of the Official Time of the Country
811#
812# The Board of Ministers, in the meeting dated 1370/5/23 [1991-08-14],
813# based on the suggestion number 2221/D dated 1370/4/22 [1991-07-13]
814# of the Country's Organization for Official and Employment Affairs,
815# and referring to the law for equating the working hours of workers
816# and officers in the whole country dated 1359/4/23 [1980-07-14], and
817# for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that:
818#
819# The official time of the country will should move forward one hour
820# at the 24[:00] hours of the first day of Farvardin and should return
821# to its previous state at the 24[:00] hours of the 30th day of
822# Shahrivar.
823#
824# First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi
825#
826# From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed
827# for at least the last 5 years. Before that, for a few years, the
828# date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last
829# Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates....
830# I have also changed the abbreviations to what is considered correct
831# here in Iran, IRST for regular time and IRDT for daylight saving time.
832#
833# From Roozbeh Pournader (2005-04-05):
834# The text of the Iranian law, in effect since 1925, clearly mentions
835# that the true solar year is the measure, and there is no arithmetic
836# leap year calculation involved. There has never been any serious
837# plan to change that law....
838#
839# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
840# Go with Shanks & Pottenger before Sept. 1991, and with Pournader thereafter.
841# I used Ed Reingold's cal-persia in GNU Emacs 21.2 to check Persian dates,
842# stopping after 2037 when 32-bit time_t's overflow.
843# That cal-persia used Birashk's approximation, which disagrees with the solar
844# calendar predictions for the year 2025, so I corrected those dates by hand.
845#
846# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future
847# discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar:
848# For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for
849# the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local
850# Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be
851# known exactly, amongst other factors. 2157 is even closer:
852# 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT. But the Gregorian year 2025 should give
853# no interpretation problem whatsoever. By the way, another instant
854# in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between
855# arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058:
856# vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT. The Java version of
857# Reingold's/Dershowitz' calculator gives correctly the Gregorian date
858# 2058-03-21 for 1 Farvardin 1437 (astronomical).
859#
860# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-03-22):
861# Several of my users have reported that Iran will not observe DST anymore:
862# http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-17/0603193812164948.htm
863#
864# From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper Norgaard Welen:
865# ... the Guardian Council ... approved a law on Sunday to re-introduce
866# daylight saving time ...
867# http://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKBLA65048420070916
868#
869# From Roozbeh Pournader (2007-11-05):
870# This is quoted from Official Gazette of the Islamic Republic of
871# Iran, Volume 63, Number 18242, dated Tuesday 1386/6/24
872# [2007-10-16]. I am doing the best translation I can:...
873# The official time of the country will be moved forward for one hour
874# on the 24 hours of the first day of the month of Farvardin and will
875# be changed back to its previous state on the 24 hours of the
876# thirtieth day of Shahrivar.
877#
878# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
879Rule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
880Rule Iran 1978 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 S
881Rule Iran 1979 only - Sep 19 0:00 0 S
882Rule Iran 1980 only - Sep 23 0:00 0 S
883Rule Iran 1991 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 D
884Rule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
885Rule Iran 1991 1995 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
886Rule Iran 1996 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
887Rule Iran 1996 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
888Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
889Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
890Rule Iran 2000 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
891Rule Iran 2000 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
892Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
893Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
894Rule Iran 2004 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
895Rule Iran 2004 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
896Rule Iran 2005 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
897Rule Iran 2005 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
898Rule Iran 2008 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
899Rule Iran 2008 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
900Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
901Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
902Rule Iran 2012 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
903Rule Iran 2012 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
904Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
905Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
906Rule Iran 2016 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
907Rule Iran 2016 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
908Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
909Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
910Rule Iran 2020 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
911Rule Iran 2020 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
912Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
913Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
914Rule Iran 2024 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
915Rule Iran 2024 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
916Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
917Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
918Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
919Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
920Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
921Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
922Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
923Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
924Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
925Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
926Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
927Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
928# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
929Zone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916
930 3:25:44 - TMT 1946 # Tehran Mean Time
931 3:30 - IRST 1977 Nov
932 4:00 Iran IR%sT 1979
933 3:30 Iran IR%sT
934
935
936# Iraq
937#
938# From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12):
939# An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in
940# the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph:
941# "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and
942# are an hour ahead of Baghdad."
943#
944# But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows:
945# In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi
946# Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time. They referred
947# to daylight saving as Saddam time. But, as of today, the time zone
948# in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq.
949#
950# So we'll ignore the Economist's claim.
951
952# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-10):
953# The cabinet in Iraq abolished DST last week, according to the following
954# news sources (in Arabic):
955# <a href="http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html">
956# http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html
957# </a>
958# <a href="http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10">
959# http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10
960# </a>
961#
962# We have published a short article in English about the change:
963# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html">
964# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html
965# </a>
966
967# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
968Rule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
969Rule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
970Rule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
971Rule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
972Rule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 S
973Rule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 D
974# IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the `:01' is a typo.
975# Shanks & Pottenger say Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997; ignore this.
976#
977Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 D
978Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Oct 1 3:00s 0 S
979# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
980Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890
981 2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time?
982 3:00 - AST 1982 May
983 3:00 Iraq A%sT
984
985
986###############################################################################
987
988# Israel
989
990# From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11):
991#
992# I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988. Until then there were three
993# different abbreviations in use:
994#
995# JST Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University]
996# IZT Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion]
997# EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else]
998#
999# Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities,
1000# I ruled out JST. As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe,
1001# EEST was equally unacceptable. Since "zonal" was not compatible with
1002# any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go
1003# and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone
1004# settings in Israeli computers.
1005#
1006# In any case, I am happy to share timezone abbreviations with India,
1007# high on my favorite-country list (and not only because my wife's
1008# family is from India).
1009
1010# From Shanks & Pottenger:
1011# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1012Rule Zion 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
1013Rule Zion 1942 1944 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
1014Rule Zion 1943 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
1015Rule Zion 1944 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
1016Rule Zion 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D
1017Rule Zion 1945 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 S
1018Rule Zion 1946 only - Apr 16 2:00 1:00 D
1019Rule Zion 1946 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
1020Rule Zion 1948 only - May 23 0:00 2:00 DD
1021Rule Zion 1948 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D
1022Rule Zion 1948 1949 - Nov 1 2:00 0 S
1023Rule Zion 1949 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
1024Rule Zion 1950 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D
1025Rule Zion 1950 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 S
1026Rule Zion 1951 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
1027Rule Zion 1951 only - Nov 11 3:00 0 S
1028Rule Zion 1952 only - Apr 20 2:00 1:00 D
1029Rule Zion 1952 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 S
1030Rule Zion 1953 only - Apr 12 2:00 1:00 D
1031Rule Zion 1953 only - Sep 13 3:00 0 S
1032Rule Zion 1954 only - Jun 13 0:00 1:00 D
1033Rule Zion 1954 only - Sep 12 0:00 0 S
1034Rule Zion 1955 only - Jun 11 2:00 1:00 D
1035Rule Zion 1955 only - Sep 11 0:00 0 S
1036Rule Zion 1956 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D
1037Rule Zion 1956 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 S
1038Rule Zion 1957 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 D
1039Rule Zion 1957 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
1040Rule Zion 1974 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 D
1041Rule Zion 1974 only - Oct 13 0:00 0 S
1042Rule Zion 1975 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 D
1043Rule Zion 1975 only - Aug 31 0:00 0 S
1044Rule Zion 1985 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 D
1045Rule Zion 1985 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S
1046Rule Zion 1986 only - May 18 0:00 1:00 D
1047Rule Zion 1986 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S
1048Rule Zion 1987 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D
1049Rule Zion 1987 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
1050Rule Zion 1988 only - Apr 9 0:00 1:00 D
1051Rule Zion 1988 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
1052
1053# From Ephraim Silverberg
1054# (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17, 2000-07-25, 2004-12-22,
1055# and 2005-02-17):
1056
1057# According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of
1058# Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes.
1059# One thing is entrenched in law, however: that there must be at least 150
1060# days of daylight savings time annually. From 1993-1998, the change to
1061# daylight savings time was on a Friday morning from midnight IST to
1062# 1 a.m IDT; up until 1998, the change back to standard time was on a
1063# Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time to 11 p.m. standard
1064# time. 1996 is an exception to this rule where the change back to standard
1065# time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday night to avoid
1066# conflicts with the Jewish New Year. In 1999, the change to
1067# daylight savings time was still on a Friday morning but from
1068# 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time
1069# was also on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST for
1070# 1999 only. In the year 2000, the change to daylight savings time was
1071# similar to 1999, but although the change back will be on a Friday, it
1072# will take place from 1 a.m. IDT to midnight IST. Starting in 2001, all
1073# changes to/from will take place at 1 a.m. old time, but now there is no
1074# rule as to what day of the week it will take place in as the start date
1075# (except in 2003) is the night after the Passover Seder (i.e. the eve
1076# of the 16th of Nisan in the lunar Hebrew calendar) and the end date
1077# (except in 2002) is three nights before Yom Kippur [Day of Atonement]
1078# (the eve of the 7th of Tishrei in the lunar Hebrew calendar).
1079
1080# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1081Rule Zion 1989 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D
1082Rule Zion 1989 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
1083Rule Zion 1990 only - Mar 25 0:00 1:00 D
1084Rule Zion 1990 only - Aug 26 0:00 0 S
1085Rule Zion 1991 only - Mar 24 0:00 1:00 D
1086Rule Zion 1991 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 S
1087Rule Zion 1992 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 D
1088Rule Zion 1992 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S
1089Rule Zion 1993 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 D
1090Rule Zion 1993 only - Sep 5 0:00 0 S
1091
1092# The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the
1093# Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel. The spokeswoman can be reached by
1094# calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448.
1095
1096# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1097Rule Zion 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
1098Rule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0 S
1099Rule Zion 1995 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
1100Rule Zion 1995 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
1101
1102# The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the
1103# time, Haim Ramon. The official announcement regarding 1996-1998
1104# (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at:
1105#
1106# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz
1107#
1108# The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa.
1109#
1110# The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at:
1111#
1112# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz
1113#
1114# where YYYY is the relevant year.
1115
1116# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1117Rule Zion 1996 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D
1118Rule Zion 1996 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S
1119Rule Zion 1997 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1120Rule Zion 1997 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S
1121Rule Zion 1998 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 D
1122Rule Zion 1998 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S
1123Rule Zion 1999 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 D
1124Rule Zion 1999 only - Sep 3 2:00 0 S
1125
1126# The Knesset Interior Committee has changed the dates for 2000 for
1127# the third time in just over a year and have set new dates for the
1128# years 2001-2004 as well.
1129#
1130# The official announcement for the start date of 2000 can be viewed at:
1131#
1132# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-start.ps.gz
1133#
1134# The official announcement for the end date of 2000 and the dates
1135# for the years 2001-2004 can be viewed at:
1136#
1137# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2004.ps.gz
1138
1139# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1140Rule Zion 2000 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
1141Rule Zion 2000 only - Oct 6 1:00 0 S
1142Rule Zion 2001 only - Apr 9 1:00 1:00 D
1143Rule Zion 2001 only - Sep 24 1:00 0 S
1144Rule Zion 2002 only - Mar 29 1:00 1:00 D
1145Rule Zion 2002 only - Oct 7 1:00 0 S
1146Rule Zion 2003 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 D
1147Rule Zion 2003 only - Oct 3 1:00 0 S
1148Rule Zion 2004 only - Apr 7 1:00 1:00 D
1149Rule Zion 2004 only - Sep 22 1:00 0 S
1150
1151# The proposed law agreed upon by the Knesset Interior Committee on
1152# 2005-02-14 is that, for 2005 and beyond, DST starts at 02:00 the
1153# last Friday before April 2nd (i.e. the last Friday in March or April
1154# 1st itself if it falls on a Friday) and ends at 02:00 on the Saturday
1155# night _before_ the fast of Yom Kippur.
1156#
1157# Those who can read Hebrew can view the announcement at:
1158#
1159# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2005+beyond.ps
1160
1161# From Paul Eggert (2005-02-22):
1162# I used Ephraim Silverberg's dst-israel.el program
1163# <ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/software/dst-israel.el> (2005-02-20)
1164# along with Ed Reingold's cal-hebrew in GNU Emacs 21.4,
1165# to generate the transitions in this list.
1166# (I replaced "lastFri" with "Fri>=26" by hand.)
1167# The spring transitions below all correspond to the following Rule:
1168#
1169# Rule Zion 2005 max - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
1170#
1171# but older zic implementations (e.g., Solaris 8) do not support
1172# "Fri>=26" to mean April 1 in years like 2005, so for now we list the
1173# springtime transitions explicitly.
1174
1175# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1176Rule Zion 2005 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
1177Rule Zion 2005 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S
1178Rule Zion 2006 2010 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
1179Rule Zion 2006 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 S
1180Rule Zion 2007 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S
1181Rule Zion 2008 only - Oct 5 2:00 0 S
1182Rule Zion 2009 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S
1183Rule Zion 2010 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S
1184Rule Zion 2011 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
1185Rule Zion 2011 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S
1186Rule Zion 2012 2015 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
1187Rule Zion 2012 only - Sep 23 2:00 0 S
1188Rule Zion 2013 only - Sep 8 2:00 0 S
1189Rule Zion 2014 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S
1190Rule Zion 2015 only - Sep 20 2:00 0 S
1191Rule Zion 2016 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
1192Rule Zion 2016 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S
1193Rule Zion 2017 2021 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
1194Rule Zion 2017 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S
1195Rule Zion 2018 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S
1196Rule Zion 2019 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S
1197Rule Zion 2020 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S
1198Rule Zion 2021 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S
1199Rule Zion 2022 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
1200Rule Zion 2022 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S
1201Rule Zion 2023 2032 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
1202Rule Zion 2023 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S
1203Rule Zion 2024 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S
1204Rule Zion 2025 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S
1205Rule Zion 2026 only - Sep 20 2:00 0 S
1206Rule Zion 2027 only - Oct 10 2:00 0 S
1207Rule Zion 2028 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S
1208Rule Zion 2029 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S
1209Rule Zion 2030 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S
1210Rule Zion 2031 only - Sep 21 2:00 0 S
1211Rule Zion 2032 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S
1212Rule Zion 2033 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
1213Rule Zion 2033 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S
1214Rule Zion 2034 2037 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
1215Rule Zion 2034 only - Sep 17 2:00 0 S
1216Rule Zion 2035 only - Oct 7 2:00 0 S
1217Rule Zion 2036 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S
1218Rule Zion 2037 only - Sep 13 2:00 0 S
1219
1220# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1221Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:56 - LMT 1880
1222 2:20:40 - JMT 1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time?
1223 2:00 Zion I%sT
1224
1225
1226
1227###############################################################################
1228
1229# Japan
1230
1231# `9:00' and `JST' is from Guy Harris.
1232
1233# From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06):
1234# Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had
1235# daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but ``the system was discontinued
1236# because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours.''
1237
1238# From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times
1239# <http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm>:
1240# Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on
1241# [1948-05-01].... But lack of prior debate and the execution of
1242# daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated
1243# deep hatred of the concept.... The Diet unceremoniously passed a bill to
1244# dump the unpopular system in October 1951, less than a month after the San
1245# Francisco Peace Treaty was signed. (A government poll in 1951 showed 53%
1246# of the Japanese wanted to scrap daylight-saving time, as opposed to 30% who
1247# wanted to keep it.)
1248
1249# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1250# Shanks & Pottenger write that DST in Japan during those years was as follows:
1251# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1252Rule Japan 1948 only - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1253Rule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sat>=8 2:00 0 S
1254Rule Japan 1949 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1255Rule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1256# but the only locations using it (for birth certificates, presumably, since
1257# their audience is astrologers) were US military bases. For now, assume
1258# that for most purposes daylight-saving time was observed; otherwise, what
1259# would have been the point of the 1951 poll?
1260
1261# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09):
1262# 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical
1263# Observatory: E 139 44' 40".90 (9h 18m 58s.727), N 35 39' 16".0.
1264# This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996'
1265# edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan....
1266# JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST).
1267# The law is enacted on 1886-07-07.
1268
1269# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16):
1270# The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan,
1271# which stands for the time on E 135 degree.
1272# In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central
1273# standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard
1274# time", which stands for the time on E 120 degree.... But "western standard
1275# time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No.
1276# 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is
1277# standard....
1278#
1279# I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate.
1280# In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor.
1281
1282# Shanks & Pottenger claim JST in use since 1896, and that a few
1283# places (e.g. Ishigaki) use +0800; go with Suzuki. Guess that all
1284# ordinances took effect on Jan 1.
1285
1286# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1287Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u
1288 9:00 - JST 1896
1289 9:00 - CJT 1938
1290 9:00 Japan J%sT
1291# Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo.
1292
1293# Jordan
1294#
1295# From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html">
1296# Jordan Week (1999-07-01) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
1297# Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight,
1298# in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time
1299# all year round.
1300#
1301# From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html">
1302# Jordan Week (1999-09-30) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09):
1303# Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back
1304# by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final!
1305# The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in
1306# government's departments from six to seven hours.
1307#
1308# From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
1309# Starting 2003 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
1310#
1311# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23):
1312# For Jordan I have received multiple independent user reports every year
1313# about DST end dates, as the end-rule is different every year.
1314#
1315# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-10-01), after a heads-up from Hilal Malawi:
1316# http://www.petranews.gov.jo/nepras/2006/Sep/05/4000.htm
1317# "Jordan will switch to winter time on Friday, October 27".
1318#
1319
1320# From Phil Pizzey (2009-04-02):
1321# ...I think I may have spotted an error in the timezone data for
1322# Jordan.
1323# The current (2009d) asia file shows Jordan going to daylight
1324# saving
1325# time on the last Thursday in March.
1326#
1327# Rule Jordan 2000 max - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S
1328#
1329# However timeanddate.com, which I usually find reliable, shows Jordan
1330# going to daylight saving time on the last Friday in March since 2002.
1331# Please see
1332# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=11">
1333# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=11
1334# </a>
1335
1336# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-02):
1337# This single one might be good enough, (2009-03-24, Arabic):
1338# <a href="http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279">
1339# http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279
1340# </a>
1341#
1342# Google's translation:
1343#
1344# > The Council of Ministers decided in 2002 to adopt the principle of timely
1345# > submission of the summer at 60 minutes as of midnight on the last Thursday
1346# > of the month of March of each year.
1347#
1348# So - this means the midnight between Thursday and Friday since 2002.
1349
1350# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-06):
1351# We still have Jordan switching to DST on Thursdays in 2000 and 2001.
1352
1353# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1354Rule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 S
1355Rule Jordan 1973 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1356Rule Jordan 1974 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1357Rule Jordan 1976 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
1358Rule Jordan 1977 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1359Rule Jordan 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
1360Rule Jordan 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
1361Rule Jordan 1985 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1362Rule Jordan 1985 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1363Rule Jordan 1986 1988 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
1364Rule Jordan 1986 1990 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
1365Rule Jordan 1989 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S
1366Rule Jordan 1990 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 S
1367Rule Jordan 1991 only - Apr 17 0:00 1:00 S
1368Rule Jordan 1991 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 -
1369Rule Jordan 1992 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S
1370Rule Jordan 1992 1993 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
1371Rule Jordan 1993 1998 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
1372Rule Jordan 1994 only - Sep Fri>=15 0:00 0 -
1373Rule Jordan 1995 1998 - Sep Fri>=15 0:00s 0 -
1374Rule Jordan 1999 only - Jul 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1375Rule Jordan 1999 2002 - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 -
1376Rule Jordan 2000 2001 - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S
1377Rule Jordan 2002 max - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S
1378Rule Jordan 2003 only - Oct 24 0:00s 0 -
1379Rule Jordan 2004 only - Oct 15 0:00s 0 -
1380Rule Jordan 2005 only - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 -
1381Rule Jordan 2006 max - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 -
1382# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1383Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931
1384 2:00 Jordan EE%sT
1385
1386
1387# Kazakhstan
1388
1389# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
1390# Andrew Evtichov (1996-04-13) writes that Kazakhstan
1391# stayed in sync with Moscow after 1990, and that Aqtobe (formerly Aktyubinsk)
1392# and Aqtau (formerly Shevchenko) are the largest cities in their zones.
1393# Guess that Aqtau and Aqtobe diverged in 1995, since that's the first time
1394# IATA SSIM mentions a third time zone in Kazakhstan.
1395
1396# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1397# German Iofis, ELSI, Almaty (2001-10-09) reports that Kazakhstan uses
1398# RussiaAsia rules, instead of switching at 00:00 as the IATA has it.
1399# Go with Shanks & Pottenger, who have them always using RussiaAsia rules.
1400# Also go with the following claims of Shanks & Pottenger:
1401#
1402# - Kazakhstan did not observe DST in 1991.
1403# - Qyzylorda switched from +5:00 to +6:00 on 1992-01-19 02:00.
1404# - Oral switched from +5:00 to +4:00 in spring 1989.
1405
1406# <a href="http://www.kazsociety.org.uk/news/2005/03/30.htm">
1407# From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin #11 (2005-03-21):
1408# </a>
1409# The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing
1410# daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health
1411# complications coupled with a decrease in productivity.
1412#
1413# From Branislav Kojic (in Astana) via Gwillim Law (2005-06-28):
1414# ... what happened was that the former Kazakhstan Eastern time zone
1415# was "blended" with the Central zone. Therefore, Kazakhstan now has
1416# two time zones, and difference between them is one hour. The zone
1417# closer to UTC is the former Western zone (probably still called the
1418# same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqtobe, Atyrau,
1419# Mangghystau, and West Kazakhstan. The other zone encompasses
1420# everything else.... I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones
1421# de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively.
1422
1423#
1424# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1425#
1426# Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan
1427Zone Asia/Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Alma-Ata
1428 5:00 - ALMT 1930 Jun 21 # Alma-Ata Time
1429 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 1991
1430 6:00 - ALMT 1992
1431 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 2005 Mar 15
1432 6:00 - ALMT
1433# Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.)
1434Zone Asia/Qyzylorda 4:21:52 - LMT 1924 May 2
1435 4:00 - KIZT 1930 Jun 21 # Kizilorda Time
1436 5:00 - KIZT 1981 Apr 1
1437 5:00 1:00 KIZST 1981 Oct 1
1438 6:00 - KIZT 1982 Apr 1
1439 5:00 RussiaAsia KIZ%sT 1991
1440 5:00 - KIZT 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1441 5:00 - QYZT 1992 Jan 19 2:00
1442 6:00 RussiaAsia QYZ%sT 2005 Mar 15
1443 6:00 - QYZT
1444# Aqtobe (aka Aktobe, formerly Akt'ubinsk)
1445Zone Asia/Aqtobe 3:48:40 - LMT 1924 May 2
1446 4:00 - AKTT 1930 Jun 21 # Aktyubinsk Time
1447 5:00 - AKTT 1981 Apr 1
1448 5:00 1:00 AKTST 1981 Oct 1
1449 6:00 - AKTT 1982 Apr 1
1450 5:00 RussiaAsia AKT%sT 1991
1451 5:00 - AKTT 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1452 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Aqtobe Time
1453 5:00 - AQTT
1454# Mangghystau
1455# Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region,
1456# so include time stamps before 1963.
1457Zone Asia/Aqtau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May 2
1458 4:00 - FORT 1930 Jun 21 # Fort Shevchenko T
1459 5:00 - FORT 1963
1460 5:00 - SHET 1981 Oct 1 # Shevchenko Time
1461 6:00 - SHET 1982 Apr 1
1462 5:00 RussiaAsia SHE%sT 1991
1463 5:00 - SHET 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1464 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 1995 Mar lastSun 2:00 # Aqtau Time
1465 4:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15
1466 5:00 - AQTT
1467# West Kazakhstan
1468Zone Asia/Oral 3:25:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ural'sk
1469 4:00 - URAT 1930 Jun 21 # Ural'sk time
1470 5:00 - URAT 1981 Apr 1
1471 5:00 1:00 URAST 1981 Oct 1
1472 6:00 - URAT 1982 Apr 1
1473 5:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00
1474 4:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1991
1475 4:00 - URAT 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1476 4:00 RussiaAsia ORA%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Oral Time
1477 5:00 - ORAT
1478
1479# Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan)
1480# Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger.
1481
1482# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15):
1483# According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway
1484# <http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml>
1485# Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system. I take the article
1486# to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC.
1487# From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21):
1488# Our government cancels daylight saving time 6th of August 2005.
1489# From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving.
1490
1491# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1492Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Apr Sun>=7 0:00s 1:00 S
1493Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1494Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:30 1:00 S
1495Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2004 - Oct lastSun 2:30 0 -
1496# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1497Zone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
1498 5:00 - FRUT 1930 Jun 21 # Frunze Time
1499 6:00 RussiaAsia FRU%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1500 5:00 1:00 FRUST 1991 Aug 31 2:00 # independence
1501 5:00 Kyrgyz KG%sT 2005 Aug 12 # Kyrgyzstan Time
1502 6:00 - KGT
1503
1504###############################################################################
1505
1506# Korea (North and South)
1507
1508# From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10) in
1509# <http://www.koreaherald.co.kr/SITE/data/html_dir/2006/07/10/200607100012.asp>:
1510# The Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy has already
1511# commissioned a research project [to reintroduce DST] and has said
1512# the system may begin as early as 2008.... Korea ran a daylight
1513# saving program from 1949-61 but stopped it during the 1950-53 Korean War.
1514
1515# From Shanks & Pottenger:
1516# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1517Rule ROK 1960 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D
1518Rule ROK 1960 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
1519Rule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 D
1520Rule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
1521
1522# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1523Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1890
1524 8:30 - KST 1904 Dec
1525 9:00 - KST 1928
1526 8:30 - KST 1932
1527 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
1528 8:00 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10
1529 8:30 - KST 1968 Oct
1530 9:00 ROK K%sT
1531Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1890
1532 8:30 - KST 1904 Dec
1533 9:00 - KST 1928
1534 8:30 - KST 1932
1535 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
1536 8:00 - KST 1961 Aug 10
1537 9:00 - KST
1538
1539###############################################################################
1540
1541# Kuwait
1542# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1543# From the Arab Times (2007-03-14):
1544# The Civil Service Commission (CSC) has approved a proposal forwarded
1545# by MP Ahmad Baqer on implementing the daylight saving time (DST) in
1546# Kuwait starting from April until the end of Sept this year, reports Al-Anba.
1547# <http://www.arabtimesonline.com/arabtimes/kuwait/Viewdet.asp?ID=9950>.
1548# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29):
1549# We don't know the details, or whether the approval means it'll happen,
1550# so for now we assume no DST.
1551Zone Asia/Kuwait 3:11:56 - LMT 1950
1552 3:00 - AST
1553
1554# Laos
1555# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1556Zone Asia/Vientiane 6:50:24 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 # or Viangchan
1557 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
1558 7:00 - ICT 1912 May
1559 8:00 - ICT 1931 May
1560 7:00 - ICT
1561
1562# Lebanon
1563# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1564Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S
1565Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 -
1566Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
1567Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
1568Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
1569Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
1570Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S
1571Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
1572Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1573Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1574Rule Lebanon 1972 only - Jun 22 0:00 1:00 S
1575Rule Lebanon 1972 1977 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1576Rule Lebanon 1973 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1577Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
1578Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
1579Rule Lebanon 1984 1987 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1580Rule Lebanon 1984 1991 - Oct 16 0:00 0 -
1581Rule Lebanon 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
1582Rule Lebanon 1989 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
1583Rule Lebanon 1990 1992 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1584Rule Lebanon 1992 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
1585Rule Lebanon 1993 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
1586Rule Lebanon 1993 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1587Rule Lebanon 1999 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
1588# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1589Zone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880
1590 2:00 Lebanon EE%sT
1591
1592# Malaysia
1593# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1594Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 TS # one-Third Summer
1595Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 -
1596#
1597# peninsular Malaysia
1598# The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
1599# <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>.
1600# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1601Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
1602 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
1603 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time
1604 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1
1605 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1
1606 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16
1607 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
1608 7:30 - MALT 1982 Jan 1
1609 8:00 - MYT # Malaysia Time
1610# Sabah & Sarawak
1611# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1612# The data here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945 and 1982
1613# transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng.
1614# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1615Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar
1616 7:30 - BORT 1933 # Borneo Time
1617 8:00 NBorneo BOR%sT 1942 Feb 16
1618 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
1619 8:00 - BORT 1982 Jan 1
1620 8:00 - MYT
1621
1622# Maldives
1623# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1624Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Male
1625 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Male Mean Time
1626 5:00 - MVT # Maldives Time
1627
1628# Mongolia
1629
1630# Shanks & Pottenger say that Mongolia has three time zones, but
1631# usno1995 and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World (2005-03)
1632# both say that it has just one.
1633
1634# From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11):
1635# <a href="http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm">
1636# General Information Mongolia
1637# </a> (1999-09)
1638# "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of
1639# Bayan-Ulgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and
1640# the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus
1641# eight hours."
1642
1643# From Rives McDow (1999-12-13):
1644# Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998
1645# being the last year it was implemented. The dates of implementation I am
1646# unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time
1647# of implementation may have been different....
1648# Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time
1649# zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod,
1650# Suhbaatar, and possibly Khentij.
1651
1652# From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15):
1653# Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia.
1654# We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone;
1655# the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us,
1656# and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd
1657# is good enough for our purposes.
1658
1659# From Rives McDow (2001-05-13):
1660# In addition to Mongolia starting daylight savings as reported earlier
1661# (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28),
1662# there are three time zones.
1663#
1664# Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-ulgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai
1665# Provinces [at 8:00]: Khovsgol, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Tov,
1666# Bayankhongor, Ovorkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Omnogovi
1667# Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sukhbaatar
1668#
1669# [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.]
1670
1671# From Ganbold Ts., Ulaanbaatar (2004-04-17):
1672# Daylight saving occurs at 02:00 local time last Saturday of March.
1673# It will change back to normal at 02:00 local time last Saturday of
1674# September.... As I remember this rule was changed in 2001.
1675#
1676# From Paul Eggert (2004-04-17):
1677# For now, assume Rives McDow's informant got confused about Friday vs
1678# Saturday, and that his 2001 dates should have 1 added to them.
1679
1680# From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26):
1681# We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones.
1682# Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says
1683# there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft
1684# Windows XP as the source. Risto Nykanen (2005-05-16) reports that
1685# travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UTC+7, UTC+8) with no DST.
1686# Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in
1687# Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed.
1688# He also found
1689# <http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1&>
1690# which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius"
1691# (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones.
1692# The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT
1693# and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sukhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT.
1694# The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the
1695# parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session."
1696# For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation.
1697
1698# From Ganbold Ts. (2007-02-26):
1699# Parliament of Mongolia has just changed the daylight-saving rule in February.
1700# They decided not to adopt daylight-saving time....
1701# http://www.mongolnews.mn/index.php?module=unuudur&sec=view&id=15742
1702
1703# From Deborah Goldsmith (2008-03-30):
1704# We received a bug report claiming that the tz database UTC offset for
1705# Asia/Choibalsan (GMT+09:00) is incorrect, and that it should be GMT
1706# +08:00 instead. Different sources appear to disagree with the tz
1707# database on this, e.g.:
1708#
1709# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026">
1710# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026
1711# </a>
1712# <a href="http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx">
1713# http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx
1714# </a>
1715#
1716# both say GMT+08:00.
1717
1718# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-31):
1719# eznis airways, which operates several domestic flights, has a flight
1720# schedule here:
1721# <a href="http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112">
1722# http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112
1723# </a>
1724# (click the English flag for English)
1725#
1726# There it appears that flights between Choibalsan and Ulaanbatar arrive
1727# about 1:35 - 1:50 hours later in local clock time, no matter the
1728# direction, while Ulaanbaatar-Khvod takes 2 hours in the Eastern
1729# direction and 3:35 back, which indicates that Ulaanbatar and Khvod are
1730# in different time zones (like we know about), while Choibalsan and
1731# Ulaanbatar are in the same time zone (correction needed).
1732
1733# From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
1734# Assume that Choibalsan is indeed offset by 8:00.
1735# XXX--in the absence of better information, assume that transition
1736# was at the start of 2008-03-31 (the day of Steffen Thorsen's report);
1737# this is almost surely wrong.
1738
1739# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1740Rule Mongol 1983 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1741Rule Mongol 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1742# Shanks & Pottenger and IATA SSIM say 1990s switches occurred at 00:00,
1743# but McDow says the 2001 switches occurred at 02:00. Also, IATA SSIM
1744# (1996-09) says 1996-10-25. Go with Shanks & Pottenger through 1998.
1745#
1746# Shanks & Pottenger say that the Sept. 1984 through Sept. 1990 switches
1747# in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Sukhbaatar) took place
1748# at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00 local time as in the rest of
1749# the country. That would be odd, and possibly is a result of their
1750# correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly
1751# in the latest edition; so ignore it for now.
1752
1753Rule Mongol 1985 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
1754Rule Mongol 1984 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1755# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST.
1756Rule Mongol 2001 only - Apr lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
1757Rule Mongol 2001 2006 - Sep lastSat 2:00 0 -
1758Rule Mongol 2002 2006 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
1759
1760# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1761# Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta
1762Zone Asia/Hovd 6:06:36 - LMT 1905 Aug
1763 6:00 - HOVT 1978 # Hovd Time
1764 7:00 Mongol HOV%sT
1765# Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga
1766Zone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug
1767 7:00 - ULAT 1978 # Ulaanbaatar Time
1768 8:00 Mongol ULA%sT
1769# Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tuemen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan,
1770# Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan
1771Zone Asia/Choibalsan 7:38:00 - LMT 1905 Aug
1772 7:00 - ULAT 1978
1773 8:00 - ULAT 1983 Apr
1774 9:00 Mongol CHO%sT 2008 Mar 31 # Choibalsan Time
1775 8:00 Mongol CHO%sT
1776
1777# Nepal
1778# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1779Zone Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920
1780 5:30 - IST 1986
1781 5:45 - NPT # Nepal Time
1782
1783# Oman
1784# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1785Zone Asia/Muscat 3:54:20 - LMT 1920
1786 4:00 - GST
1787
1788# Pakistan
1789
1790# From Rives McDow (2002-03-13):
1791# I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a
1792# TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002
1793# and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002. This is what I was
1794# told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the
1795# 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on.
1796
1797# From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15):
1798# Jesper Norgaard found this URL:
1799# http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm
1800# (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to
1801# advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first
1802# Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on
1803# 15th October each year". This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00,
1804# but disagrees about the October transition, and makes it sound like
1805# it's not on a trial basis. Also, the "between the first Saturday
1806# and Sunday of April" phrase, if taken literally, means that the
1807# transition takes place at 00:00 on the first Sunday on or after 04-02.
1808
1809# From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09):
1810# DAWN <http://www.dawn.com/2002/10/06/top13.htm> reported on 2002-10-05
1811# that 2002 DST ended that day at midnight. Go with McDow for now.
1812
1813# From Steffen Thorsen (2003-03-14):
1814# According to http://www.dawn.com/2003/03/07/top15.htm
1815# there will be no DST in Pakistan this year:
1816#
1817# ISLAMABAD, March 6: Information and Media Development Minister Sheikh
1818# Rashid Ahmed on Thursday said the cabinet had reversed a previous
1819# decision to advance clocks by one hour in summer and put them back by
1820# one hour in winter with the aim of saving light hours and energy.
1821#
1822# The minister told a news conference that the experiment had rather
1823# shown 8 per cent higher consumption of electricity.
1824
1825# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-15):
1826#
1827# Here is an article that Pakistan plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time
1828# on June 1, 2008 for 3 months.
1829#
1830# "... The federal cabinet on Wednesday announced a new conservation plan to help
1831# reduce load shedding by approving the closure of commercial centres at 9pm and
1832# moving clocks forward by one hour for the next three months.
1833# ...."
1834#
1835# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html">
1836# http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html
1837# </a>
1838# OR
1839# <a href="http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4">
1840# http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4
1841# </a>
1842
1843# From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
1844# XXX--midnight transitions is a guess; 2008 only is a guess.
1845
1846# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28):
1847# Pakistan government has decided to keep the watches one-hour advanced
1848# for another 2 months--plan to return to Standard Time on October 31
1849# instead of August 31.
1850#
1851# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html">
1852# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html
1853# </a>
1854# OR
1855# <a href="http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html">
1856# http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html
1857# </a>
1858
1859# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-04-08):
1860# Based on previous media reports that "... proposed plan to
1861# advance clocks by one hour from May 1 will cause disturbance
1862# to the working schedules rather than bringing discipline in
1863# official working."
1864# <a href="http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280">
1865# http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280
1866# </a>
1867#
1868# recent news that instead of May 2009 - Pakistan plan to
1869# introduce DST from April 15, 2009
1870#
1871# FYI: Associated Press Of Pakistan
1872# April 08, 2009
1873# Cabinet okays proposal to advance clocks by one hour from April 15
1874# <a href="http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1">
1875# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1
1876# </a>
1877#
1878# or
1879#
1880# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html">
1881# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html
1882# </a>
1883#
1884# ....
1885# The Federal Cabinet on Wednesday approved the proposal to
1886# advance clocks in the country by one hour from April 15 to
1887# conserve energy"
1888
1889# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-17):
1890# "The News International," Pakistan reports that: "The Federal
1891# Government has decided to restore the previous time by moving the
1892# clocks backward by one hour from October 1. A formal announcement to
1893# this effect will be made after the Prime Minister grants approval in
1894# this regard."
1895# <a href="http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168">
1896# http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168
1897# </a>
1898
1899# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-28):
1900# According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that
1901# Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from October
1902# 1, 2009.
1903#
1904# "Clocks to go back one hour from 1 Oct"
1905# <a href="http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2">
1906# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2
1907# </a>
1908# or
1909# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm">
1910# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm
1911# </a>
1912
1913# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-29):
1914# Alexander Krivenyshev wrote:
1915# > According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that
1916# > Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from October
1917# > 1, 2009.
1918#
1919# Now they seem to have changed their mind, November 1 is the new date:
1920# <a href="http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742">
1921# http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742
1922# </a>
1923# "The country's clocks will be reversed by one hour on November 1.
1924# Officials of Federal Ministry for Interior told this to Geo News on
1925# Monday."
1926#
1927# And more importantly, it seems that these dates will be kept every year:
1928# "It has now been decided that clocks will be wound forward by one hour
1929# on April 15 and reversed by an hour on November 1 every year without
1930# obtaining prior approval, the officials added."
1931#
1932# We have confirmed this year's end date with both with the Ministry of
1933# Water and Power and the Pakistan Electric Power Company:
1934# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html">
1935# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html
1936# </a>
1937
1938# From Christoph Goehre (2009-10-01):
1939# [T]he German Consulate General in Karachi reported me today that Pakistan
1940# will go back to standard time on 1st of November.
1941
1942# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-26):
1943# Steffen Thorsen wrote:
1944# > On Thursday (2010-03-25) it was announced that DST would start in
1945# > Pakistan on 2010-04-01.
1946# >
1947# > Then today, the president said that they might have to revert the
1948# > decision if it is not supported by the parliament. So at the time
1949# > being, it seems unclear if DST will be actually observed or not - but
1950# > April 1 could be a more likely date than April 15.
1951# Now, it seems that the decision to not observe DST in final:
1952#
1953# "Govt Withdraws Plan To Advance Clocks"
1954# <a href="http://www.apakistannews.com/govt-withdraws-plan-to-advance-clocks-172041">
1955# http://www.apakistannews.com/govt-withdraws-plan-to-advance-clocks-172041
1956# </a>
1957#
1958# "People laud PM's announcement to end DST"
1959# <a href="http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=99374&Itemid=2">
1960# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=99374&Itemid=2
1961# </a>
1962
1963# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1964Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Apr Sun>=2 0:01 1:00 S
1965Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Oct Sun>=2 0:01 0 -
1966Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
1967Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
1968Rule Pakistan 2009 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S
1969Rule Pakistan 2009 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
1970
1971# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1972Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907
1973 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
1974 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15
1975 5:30 - IST 1951 Sep 30
1976 5:00 - KART 1971 Mar 26 # Karachi Time
1977 5:00 Pakistan PK%sT # Pakistan Time
1978
1979# Palestine
1980
1981# From Amos Shapir (1998-02-15):
1982#
1983# From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now
1984# known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule.
1985# Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too...
1986#
1987# The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05
1988# (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no
1989# time zone was affected then). It was never formally annexed to Egypt,
1990# though.
1991#
1992# The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally
1993# annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from
1994# the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the
1995# Trans-Jordan"). So the rules for Jordan for that time apply. Major
1996# towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and
1997# East Jerusalem.
1998#
1999# Both areas were occupied by Israel in June 1967, but not annexed (except
2000# for East Jerusalem). They were on Israel time since then; there might
2001# have been a Military Governor's order about time zones, but I'm not aware
2002# of any (such orders may have been issued semi-annually whenever summer
2003# time was in effect, but maybe the legal aspect of time was just neglected).
2004#
2005# The Palestinian Authority was established in 1993, and got hold of most
2006# towns in the West Bank and Gaza by 1995. I know that in order to
2007# demonstrate...independence, they have been switching to
2008# summer time and back on a different schedule than Israel's, but I don't
2009# know when this was started, or what algorithm is used (most likely the
2010# Jordanian one).
2011#
2012# To summarize, the table should probably look something like that:
2013#
2014# Area \ when | 1918-1947 | 1948-1967 | 1967-1995 | 1996-
2015# ------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------
2016# Israel | Zion | Zion | Zion | Zion
2017# West bank | Zion | Jordan | Zion | Jordan
2018# Gaza | Zion | Egypt | Zion | Jordan
2019#
2020# I guess more info may be available from the PA's web page (if/when they
2021# have one).
2022
2023# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
2024# Shanks & Pottenger write that Gaza did not observe DST until 1957, but go
2025# with Shapir and assume that it observed DST from 1940 through 1947,
2026# and that it used Jordanian rules starting in 1996.
2027# We don't yet need a separate entry for the West Bank, since
2028# the only differences between it and Gaza that we know about
2029# occurred before our cutoff date of 1970.
2030# However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries
2031# for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules
2032# to Palestine's rules. If you have more info about this, please
2033# send it to tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for incorporation into future editions.
2034
2035# From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time,
2036# forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg:
2037#
2038# Despite the fact that Israel changed over to daylight savings time
2039# last week, the PLO Authority (PA) has decided not to turn its clocks
2040# one-hour forward at this time. As a sign of independence from Israeli rule,
2041# the PA has decided to implement DST in April.
2042
2043# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20):
2044# Daoud Kuttab writes in
2045# <a href="http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html">
2046# Holiday havoc
2047# </a> (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that
2048# the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15.
2049# I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source).
2050# For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00,
2051# and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October.
2052
2053# From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
2054# Starting 2004 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
2055
2056# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23):
2057# A user from Gaza reported that Gaza made the change early because of
2058# the Ramadan. Next year Ramadan will be even earlier, so I think
2059# there is a good chance next year's end date will be around two weeks
2060# earlier--the same goes for Jordan.
2061
2062# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17):
2063# I was informed by a user in Bethlehem that in Bethlehem it started the
2064# same day as Israel, and after checking with other users in the area, I
2065# was informed that they started DST one day after Israel. I was not
2066# able to find any authoritative sources at the time, nor details if
2067# Gaza changed as well, but presumed Gaza to follow the same rules as
2068# the West Bank.
2069
2070# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-26):
2071# according to the Palestine News Network (2006-09-19):
2072# http://english.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=596&Itemid=5
2073# > The Council of Ministers announced that this year its winter schedule
2074# > will begin early, as of midnight Thursday. It is also time to turn
2075# > back the clocks for winter. Friday will begin an hour late this week.
2076# I guess it is likely that next year's date will be moved as well,
2077# because of the Ramadan.
2078
2079# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2007-09-18):
2080# According to Steffen Thorsen's web site the Gaza Strip and the rest of the
2081# Palestinian territories left DST early on 13.th. of September at 2:00.
2082
2083# From Paul Eggert (2007-09-20):
2084# My understanding is that Gaza and the West Bank disagree even over when
2085# the weekend is (Thursday+Friday versus Friday+Saturday), so I'd be a bit
2086# surprised if they agreed about DST. But for now, assume they agree.
2087# For lack of better information, predict that future changes will be
2088# the 2nd Thursday of September at 02:00.
2089
2090# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28):
2091# Here is an article, that Mideast running on different clocks at Ramadan.
2092#
2093# Gaza Strip (as Egypt) ended DST at midnight Thursday (Aug 28, 2008), while
2094# the West Bank will end Daylight Saving Time at midnight Sunday (Aug 31, 2008).
2095#
2096# <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001">
2097# http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001
2098# </a>
2099# <a href="http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087">
2100# http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087
2101# </a>
2102# or
2103# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html">
2104# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html
2105# </a>
2106
2107# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-26):
2108# According to the Palestine News Network (arabic.pnn.ps), Palestinian
2109# government decided to start Daylight Time on Thursday night March
2110# 26 and continue until the night of 27 September 2009.
2111#
2112# (in Arabic)
2113# <a href="http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850">
2114# http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850
2115# </a>
2116#
2117# or
2118# (English translation)
2119# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html">
2120# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html
2121# </a>
2122
2123# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-31):
2124# Palestine's Council of Ministers announced that they will revert back to
2125# winter time on Friday, 2009-09-04.
2126#
2127# One news source:
2128# <a href="http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158">
2129# http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158
2130# </a>
2131# (Palestinian press agency, Arabic),
2132# Google translate: "Decided that the Palestinian government in Ramallah
2133# headed by Salam Fayyad, the start of work in time for the winter of
2134# 2009, starting on Friday approved the fourth delay Sept. clock sixty
2135# minutes per hour as of Friday morning."
2136#
2137# We are not sure if Gaza will do the same, last year they had a different
2138# end date, we will keep this page updated:
2139# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html">
2140# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html
2141# </a>
2142
2143# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-02):
2144# Seems that Gaza Strip will go back to Winter Time same date as West Bank.
2145#
2146# According to Palestinian Ministry Of Interior, West Bank and Gaza Strip plan
2147# to change time back to Standard time on September 4, 2009.
2148#
2149# "Winter time unite the West Bank and Gaza"
2150# (from Palestinian National Authority):
2151# <a href="http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505
2152# http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505
2153# </a>
2154# or
2155# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html>
2156# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html
2157# </a>
2158
2159# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-19):
2160# According to Voice of Palestine DST will last for 191 days, from March
2161# 26, 2010 till "the last Sunday before the tenth day of Tishri
2162# (October), each year" (October 03, 2010?)
2163#
2164# <a href="http://palvoice.org/forums/showthread.php?t=245697">
2165# http://palvoice.org/forums/showthread.php?t=245697
2166# </a>
2167# (in Arabic)
2168# or
2169# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank03.html">
2170# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank03.html
2171# </a>
2172
2173# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-24):
2174# ...Ma'an News Agency reports that Hamas cabinet has decided it will
2175# start one day later, at 12:01am. Not sure if they really mean 12:01am or
2176# noon though:
2177#
2178# <a href="http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=271178">
2179# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=271178
2180# </a>
2181# (Ma'an News Agency)
2182# "At 12:01am Friday, clocks in Israel and the West Bank will change to
2183# 1:01am, while Gaza clocks will change at 12:01am Saturday morning."
2184
2185# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-08-11):
2186# According to several sources, including
2187# <a href="http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=306795">
2188# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=306795
2189# </a>
2190# the clocks were set back one hour at 2010-08-11 00:00:00 local time in
2191# Gaza and the West Bank.
2192# Some more background info:
2193# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-end-dst-2010.html">
2194# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-end-dst-2010.html
2195# </a>
2196
2197# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-08-26):
2198# Gaza and the West Bank did go back to standard time in the beginning of
2199# August, and will now enter daylight saving time again on 2011-08-30
2200# 00:00 (so two periods of DST in 2011). The pause was because of
2201# Ramadan.
2202#
2203# <a href="http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=416217">
2204# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=416217
2205# </a>
2206# Additional info:
2207# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/palestine-dst-2011.html">
2208# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/palestine-dst-2011.html
2209# </a>
2210
2211# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-08-27):
2212# According to the article in The Jerusalem Post:
2213# "...Earlier this month, the Palestinian government in the West Bank decided to
2214# move to standard time for 30 days, during Ramadan. The Palestinians in the
2215# Gaza Strip accepted the change and also moved their clocks one hour back.
2216# The Hamas government said on Saturday that it won't observe summertime after
2217# the Muslim feast of Id al-Fitr, which begins on Tuesday..."
2218# ...
2219# <a href="http://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=235650">
2220# http://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=235650
2221# </a>
2222# or
2223# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip05.html">
2224# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip05.html
2225# </a>
2226# The rules for Egypt are stolen from the `africa' file.
2227
2228# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-09-30):
2229# West Bank did end Daylight Saving Time this morning/midnight (2011-09-30
2230# 00:00).
2231# So West Bank and Gaza now have the same time again.
2232#
2233# Many sources, including:
2234# <a href="http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=424808">
2235# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=424808
2236# </a>
2237
2238# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2239Rule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
2240Rule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2241Rule EgyptAsia 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
2242Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1967 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
2243Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
2244Rule EgyptAsia 1966 only - Oct 1 3:00 0 -
2245
2246Rule Palestine 1999 2005 - Apr Fri>=15 0:00 1:00 S
2247Rule Palestine 1999 2003 - Oct Fri>=15 0:00 0 -
2248Rule Palestine 2004 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
2249Rule Palestine 2005 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
2250Rule Palestine 2006 2008 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
2251Rule Palestine 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
2252Rule Palestine 2007 only - Sep Thu>=8 2:00 0 -
2253Rule Palestine 2008 only - Aug lastFri 0:00 0 -
2254Rule Palestine 2009 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
2255Rule Palestine 2009 only - Sep Fri>=1 2:00 0 -
2256Rule Palestine 2010 only - Mar lastSat 0:01 1:00 S
2257Rule Palestine 2010 only - Aug 11 0:00 0 -
2258
2259# From Arthur David Olson (2011-09-20):
2260# 2011 transitions per http://www.timeanddate.com as of 2011-09-20.
2261
2262# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2263Zone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct
2264 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15
2265 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5
2266 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996
2267 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999
2268 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2011 Apr 2 12:01
2269 2:00 1:00 EEST 2011 Aug 1
2270 2:00 - EET
2271
2272Zone Asia/Hebron 2:20:23 - LMT 1900 Oct
2273 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15
2274 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5
2275 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996
2276 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999
2277 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2008 Aug
2278 2:00 1:00 EEST 2008 Sep
2279 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2011 Apr 1 12:01
2280 2:00 1:00 EEST 2011 Aug 1
2281 2:00 - EET 2011 Aug 30
2282 2:00 1:00 EEST 2011 Sep 30 3:00
2283 2:00 - EET
2284
2285# Paracel Is
2286# no information
2287
2288# Philippines
2289# On 1844-08-16, Narciso Claveria, governor-general of the
2290# Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to
2291# be immediately followed by 1845-01-01. Robert H. van Gent has a
2292# transcript of the decree in <http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/idl/idl.htm>.
2293# The rest of the data are from Shanks & Pottenger.
2294
2295# From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25):
2296# Tomorrow's Manila Standard reports that the Philippines Department of
2297# Trade and Industry is considering adopting DST this June when the
2298# rainy season begins. See
2299# <http://www.manilastandardtoday.com/?page=politics02_april26_2006>.
2300# For now, we'll ignore this, since it's not definite and we lack details.
2301#
2302# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-04-26):
2303# ... claims that Philippines had DST last time in 1990:
2304# http://story.philippinetimes.com/p.x/ct/9/id/145be20cc6b121c0/cid/3e5bbccc730d258c/
2305# [a story dated 2006-04-25 by Cris Larano of Dow Jones Newswires,
2306# but no details]
2307
2308# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2309Rule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 S
2310Rule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 -
2311Rule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 S
2312Rule Phil 1954 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 -
2313Rule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 S
2314Rule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
2315# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2316Zone Asia/Manila -15:56:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
2317 8:04:00 - LMT 1899 May 11
2318 8:00 Phil PH%sT 1942 May
2319 9:00 - JST 1944 Nov
2320 8:00 Phil PH%sT
2321
2322# Qatar
2323# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2324Zone Asia/Qatar 3:26:08 - LMT 1920 # Al Dawhah / Doha
2325 4:00 - GST 1972 Jun
2326 3:00 - AST
2327
2328# Saudi Arabia
2329# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2330Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1950
2331 3:00 - AST
2332
2333# Singapore
2334# The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
2335# <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>.
2336# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2337Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
2338 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
2339 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time
2340 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1
2341 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1
2342 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16
2343 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
2344 7:30 - MALT 1965 Aug 9 # independence
2345 7:30 - SGT 1982 Jan 1 # Singapore Time
2346 8:00 - SGT
2347
2348# Spratly Is
2349# no information
2350
2351# Sri Lanka
2352# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
2353# "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout"
2354# (www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html, 1996-05-24,
2355# no longer available as of 1999-08-17)
2356# reported ``the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at
2357# midnight Friday (1830 GMT) `in the light of the present power crisis'.''
2358#
2359# From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted
2360# by Shamindra in
2361# <a href="news:54rka5$m5h@mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net">
2362# Daily News - Hot News Section (1996-10-26)
2363# </a>:
2364# With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996
2365# Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT.
2366
2367# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-04-14), quoting Sri Lanka News Online
2368# <http://news.sinhalaya.com/wmview.php?ArtID=11002> (2006-04-13):
2369# 0030 hrs on April 15, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006 +30 minutes)
2370# at present, become 2400 hours of April 14, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006).
2371
2372# From Peter Apps and Ranga Sirila of Reuters (2006-04-12) in:
2373# <http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=scienceNews&storyID=2006-04-12T172228Z_01_COL295762_RTRIDST_0_SCIENCE-SRILANKA-TIME-DC.XML>
2374# [The Tamil Tigers] never accepted the original 1996 time change and simply
2375# kept their clocks set five and a half hours ahead of Greenwich Mean
2376# Time (GMT), in line with neighbor India.
2377# From Paul Eggert (2006-04-18):
2378# People who live in regions under Tamil control can use [TZ='Asia/Kolkata'],
2379# as that zone has agreed with the Tamil areas since our cutoff date of 1970.
2380
2381# From K Sethu (2006-04-25):
2382# I think the abbreviation LKT originated from the world of computers at
2383# the time of or subsequent to the time zone changes by SL Government
2384# twice in 1996 and probably SL Government or its standardization
2385# agencies never declared an abbreviation as a national standard.
2386#
2387# I recollect before the recent change the government annoucemments
2388# mentioning it as simply changing Sri Lanka Standard Time or Sri Lanka
2389# Time and no mention was made about the abbreviation.
2390#
2391# If we look at Sri Lanka Department of Government's "Official News
2392# Website of Sri Lanka" ... http://www.news.lk/ we can see that they
2393# use SLT as abbreviation in time stamp at the beginning of each news
2394# item....
2395#
2396# Within Sri Lanka I think LKT is well known among computer users and
2397# adminsitrators. In my opinion SLT may not be a good choice because the
2398# nation's largest telcom / internet operator Sri Lanka Telcom is well
2399# known by that abbreviation - simply as SLT (there IP domains are
2400# slt.lk and sltnet.lk).
2401#
2402# But if indeed our government has adopted SLT as standard abbreviation
2403# (that we have not known so far) then it is better that it be used for
2404# all computers.
2405
2406# From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25):
2407# One possibility is that we wait for a bit for the dust to settle down
2408# and then see what people actually say in practice.
2409
2410# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2411Zone Asia/Colombo 5:19:24 - LMT 1880
2412 5:19:32 - MMT 1906 # Moratuwa Mean Time
2413 5:30 - IST 1942 Jan 5
2414 5:30 0:30 IHST 1942 Sep
2415 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 16 2:00
2416 5:30 - IST 1996 May 25 0:00
2417 6:30 - LKT 1996 Oct 26 0:30
2418 6:00 - LKT 2006 Apr 15 0:30
2419 5:30 - IST
2420
2421# Syria
2422# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2423Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S
2424Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
2425Rule Syria 1962 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 S
2426Rule Syria 1962 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2427Rule Syria 1963 1965 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S
2428Rule Syria 1963 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
2429Rule Syria 1964 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2430Rule Syria 1965 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
2431Rule Syria 1966 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 S
2432Rule Syria 1966 1976 - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2433Rule Syria 1967 1978 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S
2434Rule Syria 1977 1978 - Sep 1 2:00 0 -
2435Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Apr 9 2:00 1:00 S
2436Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2437Rule Syria 1986 only - Feb 16 2:00 1:00 S
2438Rule Syria 1986 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 -
2439Rule Syria 1987 only - Mar 1 2:00 1:00 S
2440Rule Syria 1987 1988 - Oct 31 2:00 0 -
2441Rule Syria 1988 only - Mar 15 2:00 1:00 S
2442Rule Syria 1989 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
2443Rule Syria 1989 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2444Rule Syria 1990 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 S
2445Rule Syria 1990 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
2446Rule Syria 1991 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
2447Rule Syria 1991 1992 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2448Rule Syria 1992 only - Apr 8 0:00 1:00 S
2449Rule Syria 1993 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
2450Rule Syria 1993 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 -
2451# IATA SSIM (1998-02) says 1998-04-02;
2452# (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; (1999-02) says 1999-04-02,
2453# 2000-04-02, and 2001-04-02; (1999-09) says 2000-03-31 and 2001-03-31;
2454# (2006) says 2006-03-31 and 2006-09-22;
2455# for now ignore all these claims and go with Shanks & Pottenger,
2456# except for the 2006-09-22 claim (which seems right for Ramadan).
2457Rule Syria 1994 1996 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
2458Rule Syria 1994 2005 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2459Rule Syria 1997 1998 - Mar lastMon 0:00 1:00 S
2460Rule Syria 1999 2006 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
2461# From Stephen Colebourne (2006-09-18):
2462# According to IATA data, Syria will change DST on 21st September [21:00 UTC]
2463# this year [only].... This is probably related to Ramadan, like Egypt.
2464Rule Syria 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
2465# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29):
2466# Today the AP reported "Syria will switch to summertime at midnight Thursday."
2467# http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/03/29/africa/ME-GEN-Syria-Time-Change.php
2468Rule Syria 2007 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
2469# From Jesper Norgard (2007-10-27):
2470# The sister center ICARDA of my work CIMMYT is confirming that Syria DST will
2471# not take place 1.st November at 0:00 o'clock but 1.st November at 24:00 or
2472# rather Midnight between Thursday and Friday. This does make more sence than
2473# having it between Wednesday and Thursday (two workdays in Syria) since the
2474# weekend in Syria is not Saturday and Sunday, but Friday and Saturday. So now
2475# it is implemented at midnight of the last workday before weekend...
2476#
2477# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-27):
2478# Jesper Norgaard Welen wrote:
2479#
2480# > "Winter local time in Syria will be observed at midnight of Thursday 1
2481# > November 2007, and the clock will be put back 1 hour."
2482#
2483# I found confirmation on this in this gov.sy-article (Arabic):
2484# http://wehda.alwehda.gov.sy/_print_veiw.asp?FileName=12521710520070926111247
2485#
2486# which using Google's translate tools says:
2487# Council of Ministers also approved the commencement of work on
2488# identifying the winter time as of Friday, 2/11/2007 where the 60th
2489# minute delay at midnight Thursday 1/11/2007.
2490Rule Syria 2007 only - Nov Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
2491
2492# From Stephen Colebourne (2008-03-17):
2493# For everyone's info, I saw an IATA time zone change for [Syria] for
2494# this month (March 2008) in the last day or so...This is the data IATA
2495# are now using:
2496# Country Time Standard --- DST Start --- --- DST End --- DST
2497# Name Zone Variation Time Date Time Date
2498# Variation
2499# Syrian Arab
2500# Republic SY +0200 2200 03APR08 2100 30SEP08 +0300
2501# 2200 02APR09 2100 30SEP09 +0300
2502# 2200 01APR10 2100 30SEP10 +0300
2503
2504# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-17):
2505# Here's a link to English-language coverage by the Syrian Arab News
2506# Agency (SANA)...
2507# <a href="http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm">
2508# http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm
2509# </a>...which reads (in part) "The Cabinet approved the suggestion of the
2510# Ministry of Electricity to begin daylight savings time on Friday April
2511# 4th, advancing clocks one hour ahead on midnight of Thursday April 3rd."
2512# Since Syria is two hours east of UTC, the 2200 and 2100 transition times
2513# shown above match up with midnight in Syria.
2514
2515# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
2516# My buest guess at a Syrian rule is "the Friday nearest April 1";
2517# coding that involves either using a "Mar Fri>=29" construct that old time zone
2518# compilers can't handle or having multiple Rules (a la Israel).
2519# For now, use "Apr Fri>=1", and go with IATA on a uniform Sep 30 end.
2520
2521# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-10-07):
2522# Syria has now officially decided to end DST on 2008-11-01 this year,
2523# according to the following article in the Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA).
2524#
2525# The article is in Arabic, and seems to tell that they will go back to
2526# winter time on 2008-11-01 at 00:00 local daylight time (delaying/setting
2527# clocks back 60 minutes).
2528#
2529# <a href="http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm">
2530# http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm
2531# </a>
2532
2533# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-19):
2534# Syria will start DST on 2009-03-27 00:00 this year according to many sources,
2535# two examples:
2536#
2537# <a href="http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm">
2538# http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm
2539# </a>
2540# (English, Syrian Arab News # Agency)
2541# <a href="http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209">
2542# http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209
2543# </a>
2544# (Arabic, gov-site)
2545#
2546# We have not found any sources saying anything about when DST ends this year.
2547#
2548# Our summary
2549# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html">
2550# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html
2551# </a>
2552
2553# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-27):
2554# The Syrian Arab News Network on 2009-09-29 reported that Syria will
2555# revert back to winter (standard) time on midnight between Thursday
2556# 2009-10-29 and Friday 2009-10-30:
2557# <a href="http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm">
2558# http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm (Arabic)
2559# </a>
2560
2561# From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28):
2562# We'll see if future DST switching times turn out to be end of the last
2563# Thursday of the month or the start of the last Friday of the month or
2564# something else. For now, use the start of the last Friday.
2565
2566# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-17):
2567# The "Syrian News Station" reported on 2010-03-16 that the Council of
2568# Ministers has decided that Syria will start DST on midnight Thursday
2569# 2010-04-01: (midnight between Thursday and Friday):
2570# <a href="http://sns.sy/sns/?path=news/read/11421">
2571# http://sns.sy/sns/?path=news/read/11421 (Arabic)
2572# </a>
2573
2574Rule Syria 2008 only - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
2575Rule Syria 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
2576Rule Syria 2009 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
2577Rule Syria 2010 max - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
2578Rule Syria 2009 max - Oct lastFri 0:00 0 -
2579
2580# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2581Zone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 # Dimashq
2582 2:00 Syria EE%sT
2583
2584# Tajikistan
2585# From Shanks & Pottenger.
2586# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2587Zone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
2588 5:00 - DUST 1930 Jun 21 # Dushanbe Time
2589 6:00 RussiaAsia DUS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2590 5:00 1:00 DUSST 1991 Sep 9 2:00s
2591 5:00 - TJT # Tajikistan Time
2592
2593# Thailand
2594# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2595Zone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880
2596 6:42:04 - BMT 1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time
2597 7:00 - ICT
2598
2599# Turkmenistan
2600# From Shanks & Pottenger.
2601# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2602Zone Asia/Ashgabat 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ashkhabad
2603 4:00 - ASHT 1930 Jun 21 # Ashkhabad Time
2604 5:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00
2605 4:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Oct 27 # independence
2606 4:00 RussiaAsia TM%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00
2607 5:00 - TMT
2608
2609# United Arab Emirates
2610# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2611Zone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920
2612 4:00 - GST
2613
2614# Uzbekistan
2615# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2616Zone Asia/Samarkand 4:27:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
2617 4:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21 # Samarkand Time
2618 5:00 - SAMT 1981 Apr 1
2619 5:00 1:00 SAMST 1981 Oct 1
2620 6:00 - TAST 1982 Apr 1 # Tashkent Time
2621 5:00 RussiaAsia SAM%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence
2622 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992
2623 5:00 - UZT
2624Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
2625 5:00 - TAST 1930 Jun 21 # Tashkent Time
2626 6:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00
2627 5:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence
2628 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992
2629 5:00 - UZT
2630
2631# Vietnam
2632
2633# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
2634# The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Min City";
2635# we use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters.
2636
2637# From Shanks & Pottenger:
2638# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2639Zone Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh 7:06:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9
2640 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
2641 7:00 - ICT 1912 May
2642 8:00 - ICT 1931 May
2643 7:00 - ICT
2644
2645# Yemen
2646# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2647Zone Asia/Aden 3:00:48 - LMT 1950
2648 3:00 - AST
| 120
121# Azerbaijan
122# From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23):
123# According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997
124# Resolution available at: http://aif.az/docs/daylight_res.pdf
125# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
126Rule Azer 1997 max - Mar lastSun 4:00 1:00 S
127Rule Azer 1997 max - Oct lastSun 5:00 0 -
128# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
129Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
130 3:00 - BAKT 1957 Mar # Baku Time
131 4:00 RussiaAsia BAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
132 3:00 1:00 BAKST 1991 Aug 30 # independence
133 3:00 RussiaAsia AZ%sT 1992 Sep lastSat 23:00
134 4:00 - AZT 1996 # Azerbaijan time
135 4:00 EUAsia AZ%sT 1997
136 4:00 Azer AZ%sT
137
138# Bahrain
139# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
140Zone Asia/Bahrain 3:22:20 - LMT 1920 # Al Manamah
141 4:00 - GST 1972 Jun
142 3:00 - AST
143
144# Bangladesh
145# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-05-13):
146# According to newspaper Asian Tribune (May 6, 2009) Bangladesh may introduce
147# Daylight Saving Time from June 16 to Sept 30
148#
149# Bangladesh to introduce daylight saving time likely from June 16
150# <a href="http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288">
151# http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288
152# </a>
153# or
154# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html">
155# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html
156# </a>
157#
158# "... Bangladesh government has decided to switch daylight saving time from
159# June
160# 16 till September 30 in a bid to ensure maximum use of daylight to cope with
161# crippling power crisis. "
162#
163# The switch will remain in effect from June 16 to Sept 30 (2009) but if
164# implemented the next year, it will come in force from April 1, 2010
165
166# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-02):
167# They have finally decided now, but changed the start date to midnight between
168# the 19th and 20th, and they have not set the end date yet.
169#
170# Some sources:
171# <a href="http://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601">
172# http://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601
173# </a>
174# <a href="http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2">
175# http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2
176# </a>
177#
178# Our wrap-up:
179# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html">
180# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html
181# </a>
182
183# From A. N. M. Kamrus Saadat (2009-06-15):
184# Finally we've got the official mail regarding DST start time where DST start
185# time is mentioned as Jun 19 2009, 23:00 from BTRC (Bangladesh
186# Telecommunication Regulatory Commission).
187#
188# No DST end date has been announced yet.
189
190# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-25):
191# Bangladesh won't go back to Standard Time from October 1, 2009,
192# instead it will continue DST measure till the cabinet makes a fresh decision.
193#
194# Following report by same newspaper-"The Daily Star Friday":
195# "DST change awaits cabinet decision-Clock won't go back by 1-hr from Oct 1"
196# <a href="http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021">
197# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021
198# </a>
199# or
200# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html">
201# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html
202# </a>
203
204# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-13):
205# IANS (Indo-Asian News Service) now reports:
206# Bangladesh has decided that the clock advanced by an hour to make
207# maximum use of daylight hours as an energy saving measure would
208# "continue for an indefinite period."
209#
210# One of many places where it is published:
211# <a href="http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html">
212# http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html
213# </a>
214
215# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-12-24):
216# According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star,"
217# Bangladesh will change its clock back to Standard Time on Dec 31, 2009.
218#
219# Clock goes back 1-hr on Dec 31 night.
220# <a href="http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119228">
221# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119228
222# </a>
223# and
224# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html">
225# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html
226# </a>
227#
228# "...The government yesterday decided to put the clock back by one hour
229# on December 31 midnight and the new time will continue until March 31,
230# 2010 midnight. The decision came at a cabinet meeting at the Prime
231# Minister's Office last night..."
232
233# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-22):
234# According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star,"
235# Cabinet cancels Daylight Saving Time
236# <a href="http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/latest_news.php?nid=22817">
237# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/latest_news.php?nid=22817
238# </a>
239# or
240# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh06.html">
241# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh06.html
242# </a>
243
244# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
245Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Jun 19 23:00 1:00 S
246Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Dec 31 23:59 0 -
247
248# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
249Zone Asia/Dhaka 6:01:40 - LMT 1890
250 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
251 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time
252 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
253 6:30 - BURT 1951 Sep 30
254 6:00 - DACT 1971 Mar 26 # Dacca Time
255 6:00 - BDT 2009
256 6:00 Dhaka BD%sT
257
258# Bhutan
259# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
260Zone Asia/Thimphu 5:58:36 - LMT 1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu
261 5:30 - IST 1987 Oct
262 6:00 - BTT # Bhutan Time
263
264# British Indian Ocean Territory
265# Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the
266# 1997 and later maps say 6:00. Assume the switch occurred in 1996.
267# We have no information as to when standard time was introduced;
268# assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which
269# then contained the Chagos Archipelago).
270# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
271Zone Indian/Chagos 4:49:40 - LMT 1907
272 5:00 - IOT 1996 # BIOT Time
273 6:00 - IOT
274
275# Brunei
276# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
277Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan
278 7:30 - BNT 1933
279 8:00 - BNT
280
281# Burma / Myanmar
282# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
283Zone Asia/Rangoon 6:24:40 - LMT 1880 # or Yangon
284 6:24:36 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon Mean Time?
285 6:30 - BURT 1942 May # Burma Time
286 9:00 - JST 1945 May 3
287 6:30 - MMT # Myanmar Time
288
289# Cambodia
290# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
291Zone Asia/Phnom_Penh 6:59:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9
292 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
293 7:00 - ICT 1912 May
294 8:00 - ICT 1931 May
295 7:00 - ICT
296
297# China
298
299# From Guy Harris:
300# People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone.
301
302# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
303# No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though
304# China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the
305# Peking (Bejing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China
306# has two of 'em -- Peking's and Urumqi (named after the capital of
307# the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it.
308#
309# . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too
310# painful to suck in another copy.. So, here is what I have for
311# DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP):
312#
313# 1986 May 4 - Sept 14
314# 1987 mid-April - ??
315
316# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
317# CHINA 8 H AHEAD OF UTC ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN
318# CHINA 9 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 17 - SEP 10
319
320# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
321# Shanks & Pottenger write that China (except for Hong Kong and Macau)
322# has had a single time zone since 1980 May 1, observing summer DST
323# from 1986 through 1991; this contradicts Devine's
324# note about Time magazine, though apparently _something_ happened in 1986.
325# Go with Shanks & Pottenger for now. I made up names for the other
326# pre-1980 time zones.
327
328# From Shanks & Pottenger:
329# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
330Rule Shang 1940 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D
331Rule Shang 1940 1941 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
332Rule Shang 1941 only - Mar 16 0:00 1:00 D
333Rule PRC 1986 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 D
334Rule PRC 1986 1991 - Sep Sun>=11 0:00 0 S
335Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D
336
337# From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20):
338# BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five
339# historic timezones from some Taiwan websites. And yes, there are official
340# Chinese names for these locales (before 1949).
341#
342# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-07-14):
343# I have investigated the timezones around 1970 on the
344# http://www.astro.com/atlas site [with provinces and county
345# boundaries summarized below].... A few other exceptions were two
346# counties on the Sichuan side of the Xizang-Sichuan border,
347# counties Dege and Baiyu which lies on the Sichuan side and are
348# therefore supposed to be GMT+7, Xizang region being GMT+6, but Dege
349# county is GMT+8 according to astro.com while Baiyu county is GMT+6
350# (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two
351# counties are mistakes in the astro.com data.
352
353# From Paul Eggert (2008-02-11):
354# I just now checked Google News for western news sources that talk
355# about China's single time zone, and couldn't find anything before 1986
356# talking about China being in one time zone. (That article was: Jim
357# Mann, "A clumsy embrace for another western custom: China on daylight
358# time--sort of", Los Angeles Times, 1986-05-05. By the way, this
359# article confirms the tz database's data claiming that China began
360# observing daylight saving time in 1986.
361#
362# From Thomas S. Mullaney (2008-02-11):
363# I think you're combining two subjects that need to treated
364# separately: daylight savings (which, you're correct, wasn't
365# implemented until the 1980s) and the unified time zone centered near
366# Beijing (which was implemented in 1949). Briefly, there was also a
367# "Lhasa Time" in Tibet and "Urumqi Time" in Xinjiang. The first was
368# ceased, and the second eventually recognized (again, in the 1980s).
369#
370# From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30):
371# There seems to be a good chance China switched to a single time zone in 1949
372# rather than in 1980 as Shanks & Pottenger have it, but we don't have a
373# reliable documentary source saying so yet, so for now we still go with
374# Shanks & Pottenger.
375
376# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
377# Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area)
378# Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin
379Zone Asia/Harbin 8:26:44 - LMT 1928 # or Haerbin
380 8:30 - CHAT 1932 Mar # Changbai Time
381 8:00 - CST 1940
382 9:00 - CHAT 1966 May
383 8:30 - CHAT 1980 May
384 8:00 PRC C%sT
385# Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time")
386# most of China
387Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:52 - LMT 1928
388 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949
389 8:00 PRC C%sT
390# Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area)
391# Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan;
392# most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; west Qinghai; and the Guangdong
393# counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing,
394# Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu.
395Zone Asia/Chongqing 7:06:20 - LMT 1928 # or Chungking
396 7:00 - LONT 1980 May # Long-shu Time
397 8:00 PRC C%sT
398# Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time")
399# The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai;
400# the Guangdong counties Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang,
401# Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi;
402# east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi;
403# east Xinjiang, including Urumqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe,
404# Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin,
405# Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami,
406# Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan.
407Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928 # or Urumchi
408 6:00 - URUT 1980 May # Urumqi Time
409 8:00 PRC C%sT
410# Kunlun Time
411# West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule;
412# West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke,
413# Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding,
414# and Yarkand.
415
416# From Luther Ma (2009-10-17):
417# Almost all (>99.9%) ethnic Chinese (properly ethnic Han) living in
418# Xinjiang use Chinese Standard Time. Some are aware of Xinjiang time,
419# but have no need of it. All planes, trains, and schools function on
420# what is called "Beijing time." When Han make an appointment in Chinese
421# they implicitly use Beijing time.
422#
423# On the other hand, ethnic Uyghurs, who make up about half the
424# population of Xinjiang, typically use "Xinjiang time" which is two
425# hours behind Beijing time, or UTC +0600. The government of the Xinjiang
426# Uyghur Autonomous Region, (XAUR, or just Xinjiang for short) as well as
427# local governments such as the Urumqi city government use both times in
428# publications, referring to what is popularly called Xinjiang time as
429# "Urumqi time." When Uyghurs make an appointment in the Uyghur language
430# they almost invariably use Xinjiang time.
431#
432# (Their ethnic Han compatriots would typically have no clue of its
433# widespread use, however, because so extremely few of them are fluent in
434# Uyghur, comparable to the number of Anglo-Americans fluent in Navajo.)
435#
436# (...As with the rest of China there was a brief interval ending in 1990
437# or 1991 when summer time was in use. The confusion was severe, with
438# the province not having dual times but four times in use at the same
439# time. Some areas remained on standard Xinjiang time or Beijing time and
440# others moving their clocks ahead.)
441#
442# ...an example of an official website using of Urumqi time.
443#
444# The first few lines of the Google translation of
445# <a href="http://www.fjysgl.gov.cn/show.aspx?id=2379&cid=39">
446# http://www.fjysgl.gov.cn/show.aspx?id=2379&cid=39
447# </a>
448# (retrieved 2009-10-13)
449# > Urumqi fire seven people are missing the alleged losses of at least
450# > 500 million yuan
451# >
452# > (Reporter Dong Liu) the day before 20:20 or so (Urumqi Time 18:20),
453# > Urumqi City Department of International Plaza Luther Qiantang River
454# > burst fire. As of yesterday, 18:30, Urumqi City Fire officers and men
455# > have worked continuously for 22 hours...
456
457# From Luther Ma (2009-11-19):
458# With the risk of being redundant to previous answers these are the most common
459# English "transliterations" (w/o using non-English symbols):
460#
461# 1. Wulumuqi...
462# 2. Kashi...
463# 3. Urumqi...
464# 4. Kashgar...
465# ...
466# 5. It seems that Uyghurs in Urumqi has been using Xinjiang since at least the
467# 1960's. I know of one Han, now over 50, who grew up in the surrounding
468# countryside and used Xinjiang time as a child.
469#
470# 6. Likewise for Kashgar and the rest of south Xinjiang I don't know of any
471# start date for Xinjiang time.
472#
473# Without having access to local historical records, nor the ability to legally
474# publish them, I would go with October 1, 1949, when Xinjiang became the Uyghur
475# Autonomous Region under the PRC. (Before that Uyghurs, of course, would also
476# not be using Beijing time, but some local time.)
477
478Zone Asia/Kashgar 5:03:56 - LMT 1928 # or Kashi or Kaxgar
479 5:30 - KAST 1940 # Kashgar Time
480 5:00 - KAST 1980 May
481 8:00 PRC C%sT
482
483
484# From Lee Yiu Chung (2009-10-24):
485# I found there are some mistakes for the...DST rule for Hong
486# Kong. [According] to the DST record from Hong Kong Observatory (actually,
487# it is not [an] observatory, but the official meteorological agency of HK,
488# and also serves as the official timing agency), there are some missing
489# and incorrect rules. Although the exact switch over time is missing, I
490# think 3:30 is correct. The official DST record for Hong Kong can be
491# obtained from
492# <a href="http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm">
493# http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm
494# </a>.
495
496# From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28):
497# Here are the dates given at
498# <a href="http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm">
499# http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm
500# </a>
501# as of 2009-10-28:
502# Year Period
503# 1941 1 Apr to 30 Sep
504# 1942 Whole year
505# 1943 Whole year
506# 1944 Whole year
507# 1945 Whole year
508# 1946 20 Apr to 1 Dec
509# 1947 13 Apr to 30 Dec
510# 1948 2 May to 31 Oct
511# 1949 3 Apr to 30 Oct
512# 1950 2 Apr to 29 Oct
513# 1951 1 Apr to 28 Oct
514# 1952 6 Apr to 25 Oct
515# 1953 5 Apr to 1 Nov
516# 1954 21 Mar to 31 Oct
517# 1955 20 Mar to 6 Nov
518# 1956 18 Mar to 4 Nov
519# 1957 24 Mar to 3 Nov
520# 1958 23 Mar to 2 Nov
521# 1959 22 Mar to 1 Nov
522# 1960 20 Mar to 6 Nov
523# 1961 19 Mar to 5 Nov
524# 1962 18 Mar to 4 Nov
525# 1963 24 Mar to 3 Nov
526# 1964 22 Mar to 1 Nov
527# 1965 18 Apr to 17 Oct
528# 1966 17 Apr to 16 Oct
529# 1967 16 Apr to 22 Oct
530# 1968 21 Apr to 20 Oct
531# 1969 20 Apr to 19 Oct
532# 1970 19 Apr to 18 Oct
533# 1971 18 Apr to 17 Oct
534# 1972 16 Apr to 22 Oct
535# 1973 22 Apr to 21 Oct
536# 1973/74 30 Dec 73 to 20 Oct 74
537# 1975 20 Apr to 19 Oct
538# 1976 18 Apr to 17 Oct
539# 1977 Nil
540# 1978 Nil
541# 1979 13 May to 21 Oct
542# 1980 to Now Nil
543# The page does not give start or end times of day.
544# The page does not give a start date for 1942.
545# The page does not givw an end date for 1945.
546# The Japanese occupation of Hong Kong began on 1941-12-25.
547# The Japanese surrender of Hong Kong was signed 1945-09-15.
548# For lack of anything better, use start of those days as the transition times.
549
550# Hong Kong (Xianggang)
551# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
552Rule HK 1941 only - Apr 1 3:30 1:00 S
553Rule HK 1941 only - Sep 30 3:30 0 -
554Rule HK 1946 only - Apr 20 3:30 1:00 S
555Rule HK 1946 only - Dec 1 3:30 0 -
556Rule HK 1947 only - Apr 13 3:30 1:00 S
557Rule HK 1947 only - Dec 30 3:30 0 -
558Rule HK 1948 only - May 2 3:30 1:00 S
559Rule HK 1948 1951 - Oct lastSun 3:30 0 -
560Rule HK 1952 only - Oct 25 3:30 0 -
561Rule HK 1949 1953 - Apr Sun>=1 3:30 1:00 S
562Rule HK 1953 only - Nov 1 3:30 0 -
563Rule HK 1954 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 3:30 1:00 S
564Rule HK 1954 only - Oct 31 3:30 0 -
565Rule HK 1955 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 -
566Rule HK 1965 1976 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
567Rule HK 1965 1976 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
568Rule HK 1973 only - Dec 30 3:30 1:00 S
569Rule HK 1979 only - May Sun>=8 3:30 1:00 S
570Rule HK 1979 only - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
571# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
572Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:36 - LMT 1904 Oct 30
573 8:00 HK HK%sT 1941 Dec 25
574 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 15
575 8:00 HK HK%sT
576
577###############################################################################
578
579# Taiwan
580
581# Shanks & Pottenger write that Taiwan observed DST during 1945, when it
582# was still controlled by Japan. This is hard to believe, but we don't
583# have any other information.
584
585# From smallufo (2010-04-03):
586# According to Taiwan's CWB,
587# <a href="http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V6/astronomy/cdata/summert.htm">
588# http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V6/astronomy/cdata/summert.htm
589# </a>
590# Taipei has DST in 1979 between July 1st and Sep 30.
591
592# From Arthur David Olson (2010-04-07):
593# Here's Google's translation of the table at the bottom of the "summert.htm" page:
594# Decade Name Start and end date
595# Republic of China 34 years to 40 years (AD 1945-1951 years) Summer Time May 1 to September 30
596# 41 years of the Republic of China (AD 1952) Daylight Saving Time March 1 to October 31
597# Republic of China 42 years to 43 years (AD 1953-1954 years) Daylight Saving Time April 1 to October 31
598# In the 44 years to 45 years (AD 1955-1956 years) Daylight Saving Time April 1 to September 30
599# Republic of China 46 years to 48 years (AD 1957-1959) Summer Time April 1 to September 30
600# Republic of China 49 years to 50 years (AD 1960-1961) Summer Time June 1 to September 30
601# Republic of China 51 years to 62 years (AD 1962-1973 years) Stop Summer Time
602# Republic of China 63 years to 64 years (1974-1975 AD) Daylight Saving Time April 1 to September 30
603# Republic of China 65 years to 67 years (1976-1978 AD) Stop Daylight Saving Time
604# Republic of China 68 years (AD 1979) Daylight Saving Time July 1 to September 30
605# Republic of China since 69 years (AD 1980) Stop Daylight Saving Time
606
607# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
608Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
609Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
610Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D
611Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
612Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
613Rule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
614Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
615Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
616Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
617Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 D
618Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S
619
620# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
621Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 # or Taibei or T'ai-pei
622 8:00 Taiwan C%sT
623
624# Macau (Macao, Aomen)
625# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
626Rule Macau 1961 1962 - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
627Rule Macau 1961 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 -
628Rule Macau 1963 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
629Rule Macau 1964 only - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
630Rule Macau 1965 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
631Rule Macau 1965 only - Oct 31 0:00 0 -
632Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
633Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
634Rule Macau 1972 1974 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
635Rule Macau 1972 1973 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
636Rule Macau 1974 1977 - Oct Sun>=15 3:30 0 -
637Rule Macau 1975 1977 - Apr Sun>=15 3:30 1:00 S
638Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
639Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
640# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
641Zone Asia/Macau 7:34:20 - LMT 1912
642 8:00 Macau MO%sT 1999 Dec 20 # return to China
643 8:00 PRC C%sT
644
645
646###############################################################################
647
648# Cyprus
649# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
650Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S
651Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 -
652Rule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
653Rule Cyprus 1976 only - Oct 11 0:00 0 -
654Rule Cyprus 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
655Rule Cyprus 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 -
656Rule Cyprus 1978 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
657Rule Cyprus 1979 1997 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
658Rule Cyprus 1981 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
659# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
660Zone Asia/Nicosia 2:13:28 - LMT 1921 Nov 14
661 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep
662 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT
663# IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time.
664
665# Classically, Cyprus belongs to Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72.
666# However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe.
667Link Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia
668
669# Georgia
670# From Paul Eggert (1994-11-19):
671# Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward
672# an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze,
673# an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it!
674# We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall.
675#
676# From Mathew Englander, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04):
677# Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia
678# will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy,
679# President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday.
680#
681# From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27):
682#
683# Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday... The former Soviet
684# republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow. As a result it
685# is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours
686# ahead. The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia,
687# Mikhail Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process
688# of integration into Europe.
689
690# From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07):
691# Government of Georgia ... decided to NOT CHANGE daylight savings time on
692# [Oct.] 30, as it was done before during last more than 10 years.
693# Currently, we are in fact GMT +4:00, as before 30 October it was GMT
694# +3:00.... The problem is, there is NO FORMAL LAW or governmental document
695# about it. As far as I can find, I was told, that there is no document,
696# because we just DIDN'T ISSUE document about switching to winter time....
697# I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our
698# DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month.
699
700
701# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
702Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:16 - LMT 1880
703 2:59:16 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time
704 3:00 - TBIT 1957 Mar # Tbilisi Time
705 4:00 RussiaAsia TBI%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
706 3:00 1:00 TBIST 1991 Apr 9 # independence
707 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 1992 # Georgia Time
708 3:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1994 Sep lastSun
709 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1996 Oct lastSun
710 4:00 1:00 GEST 1997 Mar lastSun
711 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 2004 Jun 27
712 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 2005 Mar lastSun 2:00
713 4:00 - GET
714
715# East Timor
716
717# See Indonesia for the 1945 transition.
718
719# From Joao Carrascalao, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in
720# <a href="http://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm">
721# East Timor may be late for its millennium
722# </a> (1999-12-26/31):
723# Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun
724# rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the
725# Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it
726# conflicts with their way of life.
727
728# From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
729# We don't have any record of the above attempt.
730# Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data.
731
732# <a href="http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/last/00-08-16.undh.html">
733# From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General
734# (2000-08-16)</a>:
735# The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided
736# today to advance East Timor's time by one hour. The time change,
737# which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at
738# midnight on Saturday, September 16.
739
740# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
741Zone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912
742 8:00 - TLT 1942 Feb 21 23:00 # E Timor Time
743 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
744 9:00 - TLT 1976 May 3
745 8:00 - CIT 2000 Sep 17 00:00
746 9:00 - TLT
747
748# India
749# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
750Zone Asia/Kolkata 5:53:28 - LMT 1880 # Kolkata
751 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
752 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time
753 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
754 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15
755 5:30 - IST
756# The following are like Asia/Kolkata:
757# Andaman Is
758# Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is)
759# Nicobar Is
760
761# Indonesia
762#
763# From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger:
764# <http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime>
765# says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01. Looking at some
766# time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat
767# and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7.
768#
769# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-10):
770# Here is another correction to Shanks & Pottenger.
771# JohnTWB writes that Japanese forces did not surrender control in
772# Indonesia until 1945-09-01 00:00 at the earliest (in Jakarta) and
773# other formal surrender ceremonies were September 9, 11, and 13, plus
774# September 12 for the regional surrender to Mountbatten in Singapore.
775# These would be the earliest possible times for a change.
776# Regimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (Editions
777# Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched
778# from JST to UTC+07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura
779# (Hollandia). For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura
780# switched on 1945-09-23.
781#
782# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
783Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10
784# Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13,
785# but this must be a typo.
786 7:07:12 - JMT 1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Jakarta
787 7:20 - JAVT 1932 Nov # Java Time
788 7:30 - WIT 1942 Mar 23
789 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
790 7:30 - WIT 1948 May
791 8:00 - WIT 1950 May
792 7:30 - WIT 1964
793 7:00 - WIT
794Zone Asia/Pontianak 7:17:20 - LMT 1908 May
795 7:17:20 - PMT 1932 Nov # Pontianak MT
796 7:30 - WIT 1942 Jan 29
797 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
798 7:30 - WIT 1948 May
799 8:00 - WIT 1950 May
800 7:30 - WIT 1964
801 8:00 - CIT 1988 Jan 1
802 7:00 - WIT
803Zone Asia/Makassar 7:57:36 - LMT 1920
804 7:57:36 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar MT
805 8:00 - CIT 1942 Feb 9
806 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
807 8:00 - CIT
808Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov
809 9:00 - EIT 1944 Sep 1
810 9:30 - CST 1964
811 9:00 - EIT
812
813# Iran
814
815# From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15):
816# This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian).
817# The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine:
818#
819# Official Newspaper No. 13548-1370/6/25 [1991-09-16]
820# No. 16760/T233 H 1370/6/10 [1991-09-01]
821#
822# The Rule About Change of the Official Time of the Country
823#
824# The Board of Ministers, in the meeting dated 1370/5/23 [1991-08-14],
825# based on the suggestion number 2221/D dated 1370/4/22 [1991-07-13]
826# of the Country's Organization for Official and Employment Affairs,
827# and referring to the law for equating the working hours of workers
828# and officers in the whole country dated 1359/4/23 [1980-07-14], and
829# for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that:
830#
831# The official time of the country will should move forward one hour
832# at the 24[:00] hours of the first day of Farvardin and should return
833# to its previous state at the 24[:00] hours of the 30th day of
834# Shahrivar.
835#
836# First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi
837#
838# From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed
839# for at least the last 5 years. Before that, for a few years, the
840# date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last
841# Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates....
842# I have also changed the abbreviations to what is considered correct
843# here in Iran, IRST for regular time and IRDT for daylight saving time.
844#
845# From Roozbeh Pournader (2005-04-05):
846# The text of the Iranian law, in effect since 1925, clearly mentions
847# that the true solar year is the measure, and there is no arithmetic
848# leap year calculation involved. There has never been any serious
849# plan to change that law....
850#
851# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
852# Go with Shanks & Pottenger before Sept. 1991, and with Pournader thereafter.
853# I used Ed Reingold's cal-persia in GNU Emacs 21.2 to check Persian dates,
854# stopping after 2037 when 32-bit time_t's overflow.
855# That cal-persia used Birashk's approximation, which disagrees with the solar
856# calendar predictions for the year 2025, so I corrected those dates by hand.
857#
858# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future
859# discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar:
860# For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for
861# the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local
862# Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be
863# known exactly, amongst other factors. 2157 is even closer:
864# 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT. But the Gregorian year 2025 should give
865# no interpretation problem whatsoever. By the way, another instant
866# in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between
867# arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058:
868# vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT. The Java version of
869# Reingold's/Dershowitz' calculator gives correctly the Gregorian date
870# 2058-03-21 for 1 Farvardin 1437 (astronomical).
871#
872# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-03-22):
873# Several of my users have reported that Iran will not observe DST anymore:
874# http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-17/0603193812164948.htm
875#
876# From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper Norgaard Welen:
877# ... the Guardian Council ... approved a law on Sunday to re-introduce
878# daylight saving time ...
879# http://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKBLA65048420070916
880#
881# From Roozbeh Pournader (2007-11-05):
882# This is quoted from Official Gazette of the Islamic Republic of
883# Iran, Volume 63, Number 18242, dated Tuesday 1386/6/24
884# [2007-10-16]. I am doing the best translation I can:...
885# The official time of the country will be moved forward for one hour
886# on the 24 hours of the first day of the month of Farvardin and will
887# be changed back to its previous state on the 24 hours of the
888# thirtieth day of Shahrivar.
889#
890# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
891Rule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
892Rule Iran 1978 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 S
893Rule Iran 1979 only - Sep 19 0:00 0 S
894Rule Iran 1980 only - Sep 23 0:00 0 S
895Rule Iran 1991 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 D
896Rule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
897Rule Iran 1991 1995 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
898Rule Iran 1996 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
899Rule Iran 1996 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
900Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
901Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
902Rule Iran 2000 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
903Rule Iran 2000 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
904Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
905Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
906Rule Iran 2004 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
907Rule Iran 2004 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
908Rule Iran 2005 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
909Rule Iran 2005 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
910Rule Iran 2008 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
911Rule Iran 2008 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
912Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
913Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
914Rule Iran 2012 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
915Rule Iran 2012 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
916Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
917Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
918Rule Iran 2016 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
919Rule Iran 2016 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
920Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
921Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
922Rule Iran 2020 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
923Rule Iran 2020 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
924Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
925Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
926Rule Iran 2024 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
927Rule Iran 2024 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
928Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
929Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
930Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
931Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
932Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
933Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
934Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
935Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
936Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
937Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
938Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
939Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
940# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
941Zone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916
942 3:25:44 - TMT 1946 # Tehran Mean Time
943 3:30 - IRST 1977 Nov
944 4:00 Iran IR%sT 1979
945 3:30 Iran IR%sT
946
947
948# Iraq
949#
950# From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12):
951# An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in
952# the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph:
953# "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and
954# are an hour ahead of Baghdad."
955#
956# But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows:
957# In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi
958# Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time. They referred
959# to daylight saving as Saddam time. But, as of today, the time zone
960# in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq.
961#
962# So we'll ignore the Economist's claim.
963
964# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-10):
965# The cabinet in Iraq abolished DST last week, according to the following
966# news sources (in Arabic):
967# <a href="http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html">
968# http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html
969# </a>
970# <a href="http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10">
971# http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10
972# </a>
973#
974# We have published a short article in English about the change:
975# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html">
976# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html
977# </a>
978
979# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
980Rule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
981Rule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
982Rule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
983Rule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
984Rule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 S
985Rule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 D
986# IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the `:01' is a typo.
987# Shanks & Pottenger say Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997; ignore this.
988#
989Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 D
990Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Oct 1 3:00s 0 S
991# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
992Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890
993 2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time?
994 3:00 - AST 1982 May
995 3:00 Iraq A%sT
996
997
998###############################################################################
999
1000# Israel
1001
1002# From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11):
1003#
1004# I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988. Until then there were three
1005# different abbreviations in use:
1006#
1007# JST Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University]
1008# IZT Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion]
1009# EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else]
1010#
1011# Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities,
1012# I ruled out JST. As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe,
1013# EEST was equally unacceptable. Since "zonal" was not compatible with
1014# any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go
1015# and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone
1016# settings in Israeli computers.
1017#
1018# In any case, I am happy to share timezone abbreviations with India,
1019# high on my favorite-country list (and not only because my wife's
1020# family is from India).
1021
1022# From Shanks & Pottenger:
1023# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1024Rule Zion 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
1025Rule Zion 1942 1944 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
1026Rule Zion 1943 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
1027Rule Zion 1944 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
1028Rule Zion 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D
1029Rule Zion 1945 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 S
1030Rule Zion 1946 only - Apr 16 2:00 1:00 D
1031Rule Zion 1946 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
1032Rule Zion 1948 only - May 23 0:00 2:00 DD
1033Rule Zion 1948 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D
1034Rule Zion 1948 1949 - Nov 1 2:00 0 S
1035Rule Zion 1949 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
1036Rule Zion 1950 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D
1037Rule Zion 1950 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 S
1038Rule Zion 1951 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
1039Rule Zion 1951 only - Nov 11 3:00 0 S
1040Rule Zion 1952 only - Apr 20 2:00 1:00 D
1041Rule Zion 1952 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 S
1042Rule Zion 1953 only - Apr 12 2:00 1:00 D
1043Rule Zion 1953 only - Sep 13 3:00 0 S
1044Rule Zion 1954 only - Jun 13 0:00 1:00 D
1045Rule Zion 1954 only - Sep 12 0:00 0 S
1046Rule Zion 1955 only - Jun 11 2:00 1:00 D
1047Rule Zion 1955 only - Sep 11 0:00 0 S
1048Rule Zion 1956 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D
1049Rule Zion 1956 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 S
1050Rule Zion 1957 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 D
1051Rule Zion 1957 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
1052Rule Zion 1974 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 D
1053Rule Zion 1974 only - Oct 13 0:00 0 S
1054Rule Zion 1975 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 D
1055Rule Zion 1975 only - Aug 31 0:00 0 S
1056Rule Zion 1985 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 D
1057Rule Zion 1985 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S
1058Rule Zion 1986 only - May 18 0:00 1:00 D
1059Rule Zion 1986 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S
1060Rule Zion 1987 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D
1061Rule Zion 1987 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
1062Rule Zion 1988 only - Apr 9 0:00 1:00 D
1063Rule Zion 1988 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
1064
1065# From Ephraim Silverberg
1066# (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17, 2000-07-25, 2004-12-22,
1067# and 2005-02-17):
1068
1069# According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of
1070# Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes.
1071# One thing is entrenched in law, however: that there must be at least 150
1072# days of daylight savings time annually. From 1993-1998, the change to
1073# daylight savings time was on a Friday morning from midnight IST to
1074# 1 a.m IDT; up until 1998, the change back to standard time was on a
1075# Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time to 11 p.m. standard
1076# time. 1996 is an exception to this rule where the change back to standard
1077# time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday night to avoid
1078# conflicts with the Jewish New Year. In 1999, the change to
1079# daylight savings time was still on a Friday morning but from
1080# 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time
1081# was also on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST for
1082# 1999 only. In the year 2000, the change to daylight savings time was
1083# similar to 1999, but although the change back will be on a Friday, it
1084# will take place from 1 a.m. IDT to midnight IST. Starting in 2001, all
1085# changes to/from will take place at 1 a.m. old time, but now there is no
1086# rule as to what day of the week it will take place in as the start date
1087# (except in 2003) is the night after the Passover Seder (i.e. the eve
1088# of the 16th of Nisan in the lunar Hebrew calendar) and the end date
1089# (except in 2002) is three nights before Yom Kippur [Day of Atonement]
1090# (the eve of the 7th of Tishrei in the lunar Hebrew calendar).
1091
1092# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1093Rule Zion 1989 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D
1094Rule Zion 1989 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
1095Rule Zion 1990 only - Mar 25 0:00 1:00 D
1096Rule Zion 1990 only - Aug 26 0:00 0 S
1097Rule Zion 1991 only - Mar 24 0:00 1:00 D
1098Rule Zion 1991 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 S
1099Rule Zion 1992 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 D
1100Rule Zion 1992 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S
1101Rule Zion 1993 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 D
1102Rule Zion 1993 only - Sep 5 0:00 0 S
1103
1104# The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the
1105# Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel. The spokeswoman can be reached by
1106# calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448.
1107
1108# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1109Rule Zion 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
1110Rule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0 S
1111Rule Zion 1995 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
1112Rule Zion 1995 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
1113
1114# The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the
1115# time, Haim Ramon. The official announcement regarding 1996-1998
1116# (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at:
1117#
1118# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz
1119#
1120# The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa.
1121#
1122# The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at:
1123#
1124# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz
1125#
1126# where YYYY is the relevant year.
1127
1128# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1129Rule Zion 1996 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D
1130Rule Zion 1996 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S
1131Rule Zion 1997 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1132Rule Zion 1997 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S
1133Rule Zion 1998 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 D
1134Rule Zion 1998 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S
1135Rule Zion 1999 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 D
1136Rule Zion 1999 only - Sep 3 2:00 0 S
1137
1138# The Knesset Interior Committee has changed the dates for 2000 for
1139# the third time in just over a year and have set new dates for the
1140# years 2001-2004 as well.
1141#
1142# The official announcement for the start date of 2000 can be viewed at:
1143#
1144# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-start.ps.gz
1145#
1146# The official announcement for the end date of 2000 and the dates
1147# for the years 2001-2004 can be viewed at:
1148#
1149# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2004.ps.gz
1150
1151# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1152Rule Zion 2000 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
1153Rule Zion 2000 only - Oct 6 1:00 0 S
1154Rule Zion 2001 only - Apr 9 1:00 1:00 D
1155Rule Zion 2001 only - Sep 24 1:00 0 S
1156Rule Zion 2002 only - Mar 29 1:00 1:00 D
1157Rule Zion 2002 only - Oct 7 1:00 0 S
1158Rule Zion 2003 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 D
1159Rule Zion 2003 only - Oct 3 1:00 0 S
1160Rule Zion 2004 only - Apr 7 1:00 1:00 D
1161Rule Zion 2004 only - Sep 22 1:00 0 S
1162
1163# The proposed law agreed upon by the Knesset Interior Committee on
1164# 2005-02-14 is that, for 2005 and beyond, DST starts at 02:00 the
1165# last Friday before April 2nd (i.e. the last Friday in March or April
1166# 1st itself if it falls on a Friday) and ends at 02:00 on the Saturday
1167# night _before_ the fast of Yom Kippur.
1168#
1169# Those who can read Hebrew can view the announcement at:
1170#
1171# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2005+beyond.ps
1172
1173# From Paul Eggert (2005-02-22):
1174# I used Ephraim Silverberg's dst-israel.el program
1175# <ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/software/dst-israel.el> (2005-02-20)
1176# along with Ed Reingold's cal-hebrew in GNU Emacs 21.4,
1177# to generate the transitions in this list.
1178# (I replaced "lastFri" with "Fri>=26" by hand.)
1179# The spring transitions below all correspond to the following Rule:
1180#
1181# Rule Zion 2005 max - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
1182#
1183# but older zic implementations (e.g., Solaris 8) do not support
1184# "Fri>=26" to mean April 1 in years like 2005, so for now we list the
1185# springtime transitions explicitly.
1186
1187# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1188Rule Zion 2005 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
1189Rule Zion 2005 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S
1190Rule Zion 2006 2010 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
1191Rule Zion 2006 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 S
1192Rule Zion 2007 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S
1193Rule Zion 2008 only - Oct 5 2:00 0 S
1194Rule Zion 2009 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S
1195Rule Zion 2010 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S
1196Rule Zion 2011 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
1197Rule Zion 2011 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S
1198Rule Zion 2012 2015 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
1199Rule Zion 2012 only - Sep 23 2:00 0 S
1200Rule Zion 2013 only - Sep 8 2:00 0 S
1201Rule Zion 2014 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S
1202Rule Zion 2015 only - Sep 20 2:00 0 S
1203Rule Zion 2016 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
1204Rule Zion 2016 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S
1205Rule Zion 2017 2021 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
1206Rule Zion 2017 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S
1207Rule Zion 2018 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S
1208Rule Zion 2019 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S
1209Rule Zion 2020 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S
1210Rule Zion 2021 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S
1211Rule Zion 2022 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
1212Rule Zion 2022 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S
1213Rule Zion 2023 2032 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
1214Rule Zion 2023 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S
1215Rule Zion 2024 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S
1216Rule Zion 2025 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S
1217Rule Zion 2026 only - Sep 20 2:00 0 S
1218Rule Zion 2027 only - Oct 10 2:00 0 S
1219Rule Zion 2028 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S
1220Rule Zion 2029 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S
1221Rule Zion 2030 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S
1222Rule Zion 2031 only - Sep 21 2:00 0 S
1223Rule Zion 2032 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S
1224Rule Zion 2033 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
1225Rule Zion 2033 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S
1226Rule Zion 2034 2037 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
1227Rule Zion 2034 only - Sep 17 2:00 0 S
1228Rule Zion 2035 only - Oct 7 2:00 0 S
1229Rule Zion 2036 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S
1230Rule Zion 2037 only - Sep 13 2:00 0 S
1231
1232# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1233Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:56 - LMT 1880
1234 2:20:40 - JMT 1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time?
1235 2:00 Zion I%sT
1236
1237
1238
1239###############################################################################
1240
1241# Japan
1242
1243# `9:00' and `JST' is from Guy Harris.
1244
1245# From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06):
1246# Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had
1247# daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but ``the system was discontinued
1248# because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours.''
1249
1250# From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times
1251# <http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm>:
1252# Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on
1253# [1948-05-01].... But lack of prior debate and the execution of
1254# daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated
1255# deep hatred of the concept.... The Diet unceremoniously passed a bill to
1256# dump the unpopular system in October 1951, less than a month after the San
1257# Francisco Peace Treaty was signed. (A government poll in 1951 showed 53%
1258# of the Japanese wanted to scrap daylight-saving time, as opposed to 30% who
1259# wanted to keep it.)
1260
1261# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1262# Shanks & Pottenger write that DST in Japan during those years was as follows:
1263# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1264Rule Japan 1948 only - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1265Rule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sat>=8 2:00 0 S
1266Rule Japan 1949 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1267Rule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1268# but the only locations using it (for birth certificates, presumably, since
1269# their audience is astrologers) were US military bases. For now, assume
1270# that for most purposes daylight-saving time was observed; otherwise, what
1271# would have been the point of the 1951 poll?
1272
1273# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09):
1274# 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical
1275# Observatory: E 139 44' 40".90 (9h 18m 58s.727), N 35 39' 16".0.
1276# This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996'
1277# edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan....
1278# JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST).
1279# The law is enacted on 1886-07-07.
1280
1281# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16):
1282# The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan,
1283# which stands for the time on E 135 degree.
1284# In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central
1285# standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard
1286# time", which stands for the time on E 120 degree.... But "western standard
1287# time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No.
1288# 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is
1289# standard....
1290#
1291# I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate.
1292# In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor.
1293
1294# Shanks & Pottenger claim JST in use since 1896, and that a few
1295# places (e.g. Ishigaki) use +0800; go with Suzuki. Guess that all
1296# ordinances took effect on Jan 1.
1297
1298# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1299Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u
1300 9:00 - JST 1896
1301 9:00 - CJT 1938
1302 9:00 Japan J%sT
1303# Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo.
1304
1305# Jordan
1306#
1307# From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html">
1308# Jordan Week (1999-07-01) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
1309# Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight,
1310# in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time
1311# all year round.
1312#
1313# From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html">
1314# Jordan Week (1999-09-30) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09):
1315# Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back
1316# by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final!
1317# The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in
1318# government's departments from six to seven hours.
1319#
1320# From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
1321# Starting 2003 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
1322#
1323# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23):
1324# For Jordan I have received multiple independent user reports every year
1325# about DST end dates, as the end-rule is different every year.
1326#
1327# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-10-01), after a heads-up from Hilal Malawi:
1328# http://www.petranews.gov.jo/nepras/2006/Sep/05/4000.htm
1329# "Jordan will switch to winter time on Friday, October 27".
1330#
1331
1332# From Phil Pizzey (2009-04-02):
1333# ...I think I may have spotted an error in the timezone data for
1334# Jordan.
1335# The current (2009d) asia file shows Jordan going to daylight
1336# saving
1337# time on the last Thursday in March.
1338#
1339# Rule Jordan 2000 max - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S
1340#
1341# However timeanddate.com, which I usually find reliable, shows Jordan
1342# going to daylight saving time on the last Friday in March since 2002.
1343# Please see
1344# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=11">
1345# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=11
1346# </a>
1347
1348# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-02):
1349# This single one might be good enough, (2009-03-24, Arabic):
1350# <a href="http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279">
1351# http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279
1352# </a>
1353#
1354# Google's translation:
1355#
1356# > The Council of Ministers decided in 2002 to adopt the principle of timely
1357# > submission of the summer at 60 minutes as of midnight on the last Thursday
1358# > of the month of March of each year.
1359#
1360# So - this means the midnight between Thursday and Friday since 2002.
1361
1362# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-06):
1363# We still have Jordan switching to DST on Thursdays in 2000 and 2001.
1364
1365# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1366Rule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 S
1367Rule Jordan 1973 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1368Rule Jordan 1974 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1369Rule Jordan 1976 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
1370Rule Jordan 1977 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1371Rule Jordan 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
1372Rule Jordan 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
1373Rule Jordan 1985 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1374Rule Jordan 1985 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1375Rule Jordan 1986 1988 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
1376Rule Jordan 1986 1990 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
1377Rule Jordan 1989 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S
1378Rule Jordan 1990 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 S
1379Rule Jordan 1991 only - Apr 17 0:00 1:00 S
1380Rule Jordan 1991 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 -
1381Rule Jordan 1992 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S
1382Rule Jordan 1992 1993 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
1383Rule Jordan 1993 1998 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
1384Rule Jordan 1994 only - Sep Fri>=15 0:00 0 -
1385Rule Jordan 1995 1998 - Sep Fri>=15 0:00s 0 -
1386Rule Jordan 1999 only - Jul 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1387Rule Jordan 1999 2002 - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 -
1388Rule Jordan 2000 2001 - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S
1389Rule Jordan 2002 max - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S
1390Rule Jordan 2003 only - Oct 24 0:00s 0 -
1391Rule Jordan 2004 only - Oct 15 0:00s 0 -
1392Rule Jordan 2005 only - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 -
1393Rule Jordan 2006 max - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 -
1394# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1395Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931
1396 2:00 Jordan EE%sT
1397
1398
1399# Kazakhstan
1400
1401# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
1402# Andrew Evtichov (1996-04-13) writes that Kazakhstan
1403# stayed in sync with Moscow after 1990, and that Aqtobe (formerly Aktyubinsk)
1404# and Aqtau (formerly Shevchenko) are the largest cities in their zones.
1405# Guess that Aqtau and Aqtobe diverged in 1995, since that's the first time
1406# IATA SSIM mentions a third time zone in Kazakhstan.
1407
1408# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1409# German Iofis, ELSI, Almaty (2001-10-09) reports that Kazakhstan uses
1410# RussiaAsia rules, instead of switching at 00:00 as the IATA has it.
1411# Go with Shanks & Pottenger, who have them always using RussiaAsia rules.
1412# Also go with the following claims of Shanks & Pottenger:
1413#
1414# - Kazakhstan did not observe DST in 1991.
1415# - Qyzylorda switched from +5:00 to +6:00 on 1992-01-19 02:00.
1416# - Oral switched from +5:00 to +4:00 in spring 1989.
1417
1418# <a href="http://www.kazsociety.org.uk/news/2005/03/30.htm">
1419# From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin #11 (2005-03-21):
1420# </a>
1421# The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing
1422# daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health
1423# complications coupled with a decrease in productivity.
1424#
1425# From Branislav Kojic (in Astana) via Gwillim Law (2005-06-28):
1426# ... what happened was that the former Kazakhstan Eastern time zone
1427# was "blended" with the Central zone. Therefore, Kazakhstan now has
1428# two time zones, and difference between them is one hour. The zone
1429# closer to UTC is the former Western zone (probably still called the
1430# same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqtobe, Atyrau,
1431# Mangghystau, and West Kazakhstan. The other zone encompasses
1432# everything else.... I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones
1433# de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively.
1434
1435#
1436# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1437#
1438# Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan
1439Zone Asia/Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Alma-Ata
1440 5:00 - ALMT 1930 Jun 21 # Alma-Ata Time
1441 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 1991
1442 6:00 - ALMT 1992
1443 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 2005 Mar 15
1444 6:00 - ALMT
1445# Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.)
1446Zone Asia/Qyzylorda 4:21:52 - LMT 1924 May 2
1447 4:00 - KIZT 1930 Jun 21 # Kizilorda Time
1448 5:00 - KIZT 1981 Apr 1
1449 5:00 1:00 KIZST 1981 Oct 1
1450 6:00 - KIZT 1982 Apr 1
1451 5:00 RussiaAsia KIZ%sT 1991
1452 5:00 - KIZT 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1453 5:00 - QYZT 1992 Jan 19 2:00
1454 6:00 RussiaAsia QYZ%sT 2005 Mar 15
1455 6:00 - QYZT
1456# Aqtobe (aka Aktobe, formerly Akt'ubinsk)
1457Zone Asia/Aqtobe 3:48:40 - LMT 1924 May 2
1458 4:00 - AKTT 1930 Jun 21 # Aktyubinsk Time
1459 5:00 - AKTT 1981 Apr 1
1460 5:00 1:00 AKTST 1981 Oct 1
1461 6:00 - AKTT 1982 Apr 1
1462 5:00 RussiaAsia AKT%sT 1991
1463 5:00 - AKTT 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1464 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Aqtobe Time
1465 5:00 - AQTT
1466# Mangghystau
1467# Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region,
1468# so include time stamps before 1963.
1469Zone Asia/Aqtau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May 2
1470 4:00 - FORT 1930 Jun 21 # Fort Shevchenko T
1471 5:00 - FORT 1963
1472 5:00 - SHET 1981 Oct 1 # Shevchenko Time
1473 6:00 - SHET 1982 Apr 1
1474 5:00 RussiaAsia SHE%sT 1991
1475 5:00 - SHET 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1476 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 1995 Mar lastSun 2:00 # Aqtau Time
1477 4:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15
1478 5:00 - AQTT
1479# West Kazakhstan
1480Zone Asia/Oral 3:25:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ural'sk
1481 4:00 - URAT 1930 Jun 21 # Ural'sk time
1482 5:00 - URAT 1981 Apr 1
1483 5:00 1:00 URAST 1981 Oct 1
1484 6:00 - URAT 1982 Apr 1
1485 5:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00
1486 4:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1991
1487 4:00 - URAT 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1488 4:00 RussiaAsia ORA%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Oral Time
1489 5:00 - ORAT
1490
1491# Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan)
1492# Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger.
1493
1494# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15):
1495# According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway
1496# <http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml>
1497# Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system. I take the article
1498# to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC.
1499# From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21):
1500# Our government cancels daylight saving time 6th of August 2005.
1501# From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving.
1502
1503# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1504Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Apr Sun>=7 0:00s 1:00 S
1505Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1506Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:30 1:00 S
1507Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2004 - Oct lastSun 2:30 0 -
1508# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1509Zone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
1510 5:00 - FRUT 1930 Jun 21 # Frunze Time
1511 6:00 RussiaAsia FRU%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1512 5:00 1:00 FRUST 1991 Aug 31 2:00 # independence
1513 5:00 Kyrgyz KG%sT 2005 Aug 12 # Kyrgyzstan Time
1514 6:00 - KGT
1515
1516###############################################################################
1517
1518# Korea (North and South)
1519
1520# From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10) in
1521# <http://www.koreaherald.co.kr/SITE/data/html_dir/2006/07/10/200607100012.asp>:
1522# The Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy has already
1523# commissioned a research project [to reintroduce DST] and has said
1524# the system may begin as early as 2008.... Korea ran a daylight
1525# saving program from 1949-61 but stopped it during the 1950-53 Korean War.
1526
1527# From Shanks & Pottenger:
1528# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1529Rule ROK 1960 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D
1530Rule ROK 1960 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
1531Rule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 D
1532Rule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
1533
1534# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1535Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1890
1536 8:30 - KST 1904 Dec
1537 9:00 - KST 1928
1538 8:30 - KST 1932
1539 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
1540 8:00 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10
1541 8:30 - KST 1968 Oct
1542 9:00 ROK K%sT
1543Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1890
1544 8:30 - KST 1904 Dec
1545 9:00 - KST 1928
1546 8:30 - KST 1932
1547 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
1548 8:00 - KST 1961 Aug 10
1549 9:00 - KST
1550
1551###############################################################################
1552
1553# Kuwait
1554# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1555# From the Arab Times (2007-03-14):
1556# The Civil Service Commission (CSC) has approved a proposal forwarded
1557# by MP Ahmad Baqer on implementing the daylight saving time (DST) in
1558# Kuwait starting from April until the end of Sept this year, reports Al-Anba.
1559# <http://www.arabtimesonline.com/arabtimes/kuwait/Viewdet.asp?ID=9950>.
1560# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29):
1561# We don't know the details, or whether the approval means it'll happen,
1562# so for now we assume no DST.
1563Zone Asia/Kuwait 3:11:56 - LMT 1950
1564 3:00 - AST
1565
1566# Laos
1567# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1568Zone Asia/Vientiane 6:50:24 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 # or Viangchan
1569 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
1570 7:00 - ICT 1912 May
1571 8:00 - ICT 1931 May
1572 7:00 - ICT
1573
1574# Lebanon
1575# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1576Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S
1577Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 -
1578Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
1579Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
1580Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
1581Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
1582Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S
1583Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
1584Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1585Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1586Rule Lebanon 1972 only - Jun 22 0:00 1:00 S
1587Rule Lebanon 1972 1977 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1588Rule Lebanon 1973 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1589Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
1590Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
1591Rule Lebanon 1984 1987 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1592Rule Lebanon 1984 1991 - Oct 16 0:00 0 -
1593Rule Lebanon 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
1594Rule Lebanon 1989 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
1595Rule Lebanon 1990 1992 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1596Rule Lebanon 1992 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
1597Rule Lebanon 1993 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
1598Rule Lebanon 1993 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1599Rule Lebanon 1999 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
1600# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1601Zone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880
1602 2:00 Lebanon EE%sT
1603
1604# Malaysia
1605# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1606Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 TS # one-Third Summer
1607Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 -
1608#
1609# peninsular Malaysia
1610# The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
1611# <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>.
1612# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1613Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
1614 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
1615 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time
1616 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1
1617 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1
1618 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16
1619 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
1620 7:30 - MALT 1982 Jan 1
1621 8:00 - MYT # Malaysia Time
1622# Sabah & Sarawak
1623# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1624# The data here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945 and 1982
1625# transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng.
1626# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1627Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar
1628 7:30 - BORT 1933 # Borneo Time
1629 8:00 NBorneo BOR%sT 1942 Feb 16
1630 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
1631 8:00 - BORT 1982 Jan 1
1632 8:00 - MYT
1633
1634# Maldives
1635# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1636Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Male
1637 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Male Mean Time
1638 5:00 - MVT # Maldives Time
1639
1640# Mongolia
1641
1642# Shanks & Pottenger say that Mongolia has three time zones, but
1643# usno1995 and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World (2005-03)
1644# both say that it has just one.
1645
1646# From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11):
1647# <a href="http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm">
1648# General Information Mongolia
1649# </a> (1999-09)
1650# "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of
1651# Bayan-Ulgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and
1652# the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus
1653# eight hours."
1654
1655# From Rives McDow (1999-12-13):
1656# Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998
1657# being the last year it was implemented. The dates of implementation I am
1658# unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time
1659# of implementation may have been different....
1660# Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time
1661# zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod,
1662# Suhbaatar, and possibly Khentij.
1663
1664# From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15):
1665# Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia.
1666# We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone;
1667# the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us,
1668# and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd
1669# is good enough for our purposes.
1670
1671# From Rives McDow (2001-05-13):
1672# In addition to Mongolia starting daylight savings as reported earlier
1673# (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28),
1674# there are three time zones.
1675#
1676# Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-ulgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai
1677# Provinces [at 8:00]: Khovsgol, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Tov,
1678# Bayankhongor, Ovorkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Omnogovi
1679# Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sukhbaatar
1680#
1681# [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.]
1682
1683# From Ganbold Ts., Ulaanbaatar (2004-04-17):
1684# Daylight saving occurs at 02:00 local time last Saturday of March.
1685# It will change back to normal at 02:00 local time last Saturday of
1686# September.... As I remember this rule was changed in 2001.
1687#
1688# From Paul Eggert (2004-04-17):
1689# For now, assume Rives McDow's informant got confused about Friday vs
1690# Saturday, and that his 2001 dates should have 1 added to them.
1691
1692# From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26):
1693# We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones.
1694# Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says
1695# there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft
1696# Windows XP as the source. Risto Nykanen (2005-05-16) reports that
1697# travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UTC+7, UTC+8) with no DST.
1698# Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in
1699# Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed.
1700# He also found
1701# <http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1&>
1702# which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius"
1703# (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones.
1704# The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT
1705# and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sukhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT.
1706# The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the
1707# parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session."
1708# For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation.
1709
1710# From Ganbold Ts. (2007-02-26):
1711# Parliament of Mongolia has just changed the daylight-saving rule in February.
1712# They decided not to adopt daylight-saving time....
1713# http://www.mongolnews.mn/index.php?module=unuudur&sec=view&id=15742
1714
1715# From Deborah Goldsmith (2008-03-30):
1716# We received a bug report claiming that the tz database UTC offset for
1717# Asia/Choibalsan (GMT+09:00) is incorrect, and that it should be GMT
1718# +08:00 instead. Different sources appear to disagree with the tz
1719# database on this, e.g.:
1720#
1721# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026">
1722# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026
1723# </a>
1724# <a href="http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx">
1725# http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx
1726# </a>
1727#
1728# both say GMT+08:00.
1729
1730# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-31):
1731# eznis airways, which operates several domestic flights, has a flight
1732# schedule here:
1733# <a href="http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112">
1734# http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112
1735# </a>
1736# (click the English flag for English)
1737#
1738# There it appears that flights between Choibalsan and Ulaanbatar arrive
1739# about 1:35 - 1:50 hours later in local clock time, no matter the
1740# direction, while Ulaanbaatar-Khvod takes 2 hours in the Eastern
1741# direction and 3:35 back, which indicates that Ulaanbatar and Khvod are
1742# in different time zones (like we know about), while Choibalsan and
1743# Ulaanbatar are in the same time zone (correction needed).
1744
1745# From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
1746# Assume that Choibalsan is indeed offset by 8:00.
1747# XXX--in the absence of better information, assume that transition
1748# was at the start of 2008-03-31 (the day of Steffen Thorsen's report);
1749# this is almost surely wrong.
1750
1751# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1752Rule Mongol 1983 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1753Rule Mongol 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1754# Shanks & Pottenger and IATA SSIM say 1990s switches occurred at 00:00,
1755# but McDow says the 2001 switches occurred at 02:00. Also, IATA SSIM
1756# (1996-09) says 1996-10-25. Go with Shanks & Pottenger through 1998.
1757#
1758# Shanks & Pottenger say that the Sept. 1984 through Sept. 1990 switches
1759# in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Sukhbaatar) took place
1760# at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00 local time as in the rest of
1761# the country. That would be odd, and possibly is a result of their
1762# correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly
1763# in the latest edition; so ignore it for now.
1764
1765Rule Mongol 1985 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
1766Rule Mongol 1984 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1767# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST.
1768Rule Mongol 2001 only - Apr lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
1769Rule Mongol 2001 2006 - Sep lastSat 2:00 0 -
1770Rule Mongol 2002 2006 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
1771
1772# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1773# Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta
1774Zone Asia/Hovd 6:06:36 - LMT 1905 Aug
1775 6:00 - HOVT 1978 # Hovd Time
1776 7:00 Mongol HOV%sT
1777# Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga
1778Zone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug
1779 7:00 - ULAT 1978 # Ulaanbaatar Time
1780 8:00 Mongol ULA%sT
1781# Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tuemen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan,
1782# Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan
1783Zone Asia/Choibalsan 7:38:00 - LMT 1905 Aug
1784 7:00 - ULAT 1978
1785 8:00 - ULAT 1983 Apr
1786 9:00 Mongol CHO%sT 2008 Mar 31 # Choibalsan Time
1787 8:00 Mongol CHO%sT
1788
1789# Nepal
1790# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1791Zone Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920
1792 5:30 - IST 1986
1793 5:45 - NPT # Nepal Time
1794
1795# Oman
1796# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1797Zone Asia/Muscat 3:54:20 - LMT 1920
1798 4:00 - GST
1799
1800# Pakistan
1801
1802# From Rives McDow (2002-03-13):
1803# I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a
1804# TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002
1805# and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002. This is what I was
1806# told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the
1807# 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on.
1808
1809# From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15):
1810# Jesper Norgaard found this URL:
1811# http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm
1812# (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to
1813# advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first
1814# Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on
1815# 15th October each year". This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00,
1816# but disagrees about the October transition, and makes it sound like
1817# it's not on a trial basis. Also, the "between the first Saturday
1818# and Sunday of April" phrase, if taken literally, means that the
1819# transition takes place at 00:00 on the first Sunday on or after 04-02.
1820
1821# From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09):
1822# DAWN <http://www.dawn.com/2002/10/06/top13.htm> reported on 2002-10-05
1823# that 2002 DST ended that day at midnight. Go with McDow for now.
1824
1825# From Steffen Thorsen (2003-03-14):
1826# According to http://www.dawn.com/2003/03/07/top15.htm
1827# there will be no DST in Pakistan this year:
1828#
1829# ISLAMABAD, March 6: Information and Media Development Minister Sheikh
1830# Rashid Ahmed on Thursday said the cabinet had reversed a previous
1831# decision to advance clocks by one hour in summer and put them back by
1832# one hour in winter with the aim of saving light hours and energy.
1833#
1834# The minister told a news conference that the experiment had rather
1835# shown 8 per cent higher consumption of electricity.
1836
1837# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-15):
1838#
1839# Here is an article that Pakistan plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time
1840# on June 1, 2008 for 3 months.
1841#
1842# "... The federal cabinet on Wednesday announced a new conservation plan to help
1843# reduce load shedding by approving the closure of commercial centres at 9pm and
1844# moving clocks forward by one hour for the next three months.
1845# ...."
1846#
1847# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html">
1848# http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html
1849# </a>
1850# OR
1851# <a href="http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4">
1852# http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4
1853# </a>
1854
1855# From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
1856# XXX--midnight transitions is a guess; 2008 only is a guess.
1857
1858# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28):
1859# Pakistan government has decided to keep the watches one-hour advanced
1860# for another 2 months--plan to return to Standard Time on October 31
1861# instead of August 31.
1862#
1863# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html">
1864# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html
1865# </a>
1866# OR
1867# <a href="http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html">
1868# http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html
1869# </a>
1870
1871# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-04-08):
1872# Based on previous media reports that "... proposed plan to
1873# advance clocks by one hour from May 1 will cause disturbance
1874# to the working schedules rather than bringing discipline in
1875# official working."
1876# <a href="http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280">
1877# http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280
1878# </a>
1879#
1880# recent news that instead of May 2009 - Pakistan plan to
1881# introduce DST from April 15, 2009
1882#
1883# FYI: Associated Press Of Pakistan
1884# April 08, 2009
1885# Cabinet okays proposal to advance clocks by one hour from April 15
1886# <a href="http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1">
1887# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1
1888# </a>
1889#
1890# or
1891#
1892# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html">
1893# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html
1894# </a>
1895#
1896# ....
1897# The Federal Cabinet on Wednesday approved the proposal to
1898# advance clocks in the country by one hour from April 15 to
1899# conserve energy"
1900
1901# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-17):
1902# "The News International," Pakistan reports that: "The Federal
1903# Government has decided to restore the previous time by moving the
1904# clocks backward by one hour from October 1. A formal announcement to
1905# this effect will be made after the Prime Minister grants approval in
1906# this regard."
1907# <a href="http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168">
1908# http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168
1909# </a>
1910
1911# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-28):
1912# According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that
1913# Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from October
1914# 1, 2009.
1915#
1916# "Clocks to go back one hour from 1 Oct"
1917# <a href="http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2">
1918# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2
1919# </a>
1920# or
1921# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm">
1922# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm
1923# </a>
1924
1925# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-29):
1926# Alexander Krivenyshev wrote:
1927# > According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that
1928# > Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from October
1929# > 1, 2009.
1930#
1931# Now they seem to have changed their mind, November 1 is the new date:
1932# <a href="http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742">
1933# http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742
1934# </a>
1935# "The country's clocks will be reversed by one hour on November 1.
1936# Officials of Federal Ministry for Interior told this to Geo News on
1937# Monday."
1938#
1939# And more importantly, it seems that these dates will be kept every year:
1940# "It has now been decided that clocks will be wound forward by one hour
1941# on April 15 and reversed by an hour on November 1 every year without
1942# obtaining prior approval, the officials added."
1943#
1944# We have confirmed this year's end date with both with the Ministry of
1945# Water and Power and the Pakistan Electric Power Company:
1946# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html">
1947# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html
1948# </a>
1949
1950# From Christoph Goehre (2009-10-01):
1951# [T]he German Consulate General in Karachi reported me today that Pakistan
1952# will go back to standard time on 1st of November.
1953
1954# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-26):
1955# Steffen Thorsen wrote:
1956# > On Thursday (2010-03-25) it was announced that DST would start in
1957# > Pakistan on 2010-04-01.
1958# >
1959# > Then today, the president said that they might have to revert the
1960# > decision if it is not supported by the parliament. So at the time
1961# > being, it seems unclear if DST will be actually observed or not - but
1962# > April 1 could be a more likely date than April 15.
1963# Now, it seems that the decision to not observe DST in final:
1964#
1965# "Govt Withdraws Plan To Advance Clocks"
1966# <a href="http://www.apakistannews.com/govt-withdraws-plan-to-advance-clocks-172041">
1967# http://www.apakistannews.com/govt-withdraws-plan-to-advance-clocks-172041
1968# </a>
1969#
1970# "People laud PM's announcement to end DST"
1971# <a href="http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=99374&Itemid=2">
1972# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=99374&Itemid=2
1973# </a>
1974
1975# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1976Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Apr Sun>=2 0:01 1:00 S
1977Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Oct Sun>=2 0:01 0 -
1978Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
1979Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
1980Rule Pakistan 2009 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S
1981Rule Pakistan 2009 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
1982
1983# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1984Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907
1985 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
1986 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15
1987 5:30 - IST 1951 Sep 30
1988 5:00 - KART 1971 Mar 26 # Karachi Time
1989 5:00 Pakistan PK%sT # Pakistan Time
1990
1991# Palestine
1992
1993# From Amos Shapir (1998-02-15):
1994#
1995# From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now
1996# known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule.
1997# Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too...
1998#
1999# The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05
2000# (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no
2001# time zone was affected then). It was never formally annexed to Egypt,
2002# though.
2003#
2004# The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally
2005# annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from
2006# the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the
2007# Trans-Jordan"). So the rules for Jordan for that time apply. Major
2008# towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and
2009# East Jerusalem.
2010#
2011# Both areas were occupied by Israel in June 1967, but not annexed (except
2012# for East Jerusalem). They were on Israel time since then; there might
2013# have been a Military Governor's order about time zones, but I'm not aware
2014# of any (such orders may have been issued semi-annually whenever summer
2015# time was in effect, but maybe the legal aspect of time was just neglected).
2016#
2017# The Palestinian Authority was established in 1993, and got hold of most
2018# towns in the West Bank and Gaza by 1995. I know that in order to
2019# demonstrate...independence, they have been switching to
2020# summer time and back on a different schedule than Israel's, but I don't
2021# know when this was started, or what algorithm is used (most likely the
2022# Jordanian one).
2023#
2024# To summarize, the table should probably look something like that:
2025#
2026# Area \ when | 1918-1947 | 1948-1967 | 1967-1995 | 1996-
2027# ------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------
2028# Israel | Zion | Zion | Zion | Zion
2029# West bank | Zion | Jordan | Zion | Jordan
2030# Gaza | Zion | Egypt | Zion | Jordan
2031#
2032# I guess more info may be available from the PA's web page (if/when they
2033# have one).
2034
2035# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
2036# Shanks & Pottenger write that Gaza did not observe DST until 1957, but go
2037# with Shapir and assume that it observed DST from 1940 through 1947,
2038# and that it used Jordanian rules starting in 1996.
2039# We don't yet need a separate entry for the West Bank, since
2040# the only differences between it and Gaza that we know about
2041# occurred before our cutoff date of 1970.
2042# However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries
2043# for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules
2044# to Palestine's rules. If you have more info about this, please
2045# send it to tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for incorporation into future editions.
2046
2047# From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time,
2048# forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg:
2049#
2050# Despite the fact that Israel changed over to daylight savings time
2051# last week, the PLO Authority (PA) has decided not to turn its clocks
2052# one-hour forward at this time. As a sign of independence from Israeli rule,
2053# the PA has decided to implement DST in April.
2054
2055# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20):
2056# Daoud Kuttab writes in
2057# <a href="http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html">
2058# Holiday havoc
2059# </a> (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that
2060# the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15.
2061# I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source).
2062# For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00,
2063# and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October.
2064
2065# From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
2066# Starting 2004 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
2067
2068# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23):
2069# A user from Gaza reported that Gaza made the change early because of
2070# the Ramadan. Next year Ramadan will be even earlier, so I think
2071# there is a good chance next year's end date will be around two weeks
2072# earlier--the same goes for Jordan.
2073
2074# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17):
2075# I was informed by a user in Bethlehem that in Bethlehem it started the
2076# same day as Israel, and after checking with other users in the area, I
2077# was informed that they started DST one day after Israel. I was not
2078# able to find any authoritative sources at the time, nor details if
2079# Gaza changed as well, but presumed Gaza to follow the same rules as
2080# the West Bank.
2081
2082# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-26):
2083# according to the Palestine News Network (2006-09-19):
2084# http://english.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=596&Itemid=5
2085# > The Council of Ministers announced that this year its winter schedule
2086# > will begin early, as of midnight Thursday. It is also time to turn
2087# > back the clocks for winter. Friday will begin an hour late this week.
2088# I guess it is likely that next year's date will be moved as well,
2089# because of the Ramadan.
2090
2091# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2007-09-18):
2092# According to Steffen Thorsen's web site the Gaza Strip and the rest of the
2093# Palestinian territories left DST early on 13.th. of September at 2:00.
2094
2095# From Paul Eggert (2007-09-20):
2096# My understanding is that Gaza and the West Bank disagree even over when
2097# the weekend is (Thursday+Friday versus Friday+Saturday), so I'd be a bit
2098# surprised if they agreed about DST. But for now, assume they agree.
2099# For lack of better information, predict that future changes will be
2100# the 2nd Thursday of September at 02:00.
2101
2102# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28):
2103# Here is an article, that Mideast running on different clocks at Ramadan.
2104#
2105# Gaza Strip (as Egypt) ended DST at midnight Thursday (Aug 28, 2008), while
2106# the West Bank will end Daylight Saving Time at midnight Sunday (Aug 31, 2008).
2107#
2108# <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001">
2109# http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001
2110# </a>
2111# <a href="http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087">
2112# http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087
2113# </a>
2114# or
2115# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html">
2116# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html
2117# </a>
2118
2119# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-26):
2120# According to the Palestine News Network (arabic.pnn.ps), Palestinian
2121# government decided to start Daylight Time on Thursday night March
2122# 26 and continue until the night of 27 September 2009.
2123#
2124# (in Arabic)
2125# <a href="http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850">
2126# http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850
2127# </a>
2128#
2129# or
2130# (English translation)
2131# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html">
2132# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html
2133# </a>
2134
2135# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-31):
2136# Palestine's Council of Ministers announced that they will revert back to
2137# winter time on Friday, 2009-09-04.
2138#
2139# One news source:
2140# <a href="http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158">
2141# http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158
2142# </a>
2143# (Palestinian press agency, Arabic),
2144# Google translate: "Decided that the Palestinian government in Ramallah
2145# headed by Salam Fayyad, the start of work in time for the winter of
2146# 2009, starting on Friday approved the fourth delay Sept. clock sixty
2147# minutes per hour as of Friday morning."
2148#
2149# We are not sure if Gaza will do the same, last year they had a different
2150# end date, we will keep this page updated:
2151# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html">
2152# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html
2153# </a>
2154
2155# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-02):
2156# Seems that Gaza Strip will go back to Winter Time same date as West Bank.
2157#
2158# According to Palestinian Ministry Of Interior, West Bank and Gaza Strip plan
2159# to change time back to Standard time on September 4, 2009.
2160#
2161# "Winter time unite the West Bank and Gaza"
2162# (from Palestinian National Authority):
2163# <a href="http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505
2164# http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505
2165# </a>
2166# or
2167# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html>
2168# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html
2169# </a>
2170
2171# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-19):
2172# According to Voice of Palestine DST will last for 191 days, from March
2173# 26, 2010 till "the last Sunday before the tenth day of Tishri
2174# (October), each year" (October 03, 2010?)
2175#
2176# <a href="http://palvoice.org/forums/showthread.php?t=245697">
2177# http://palvoice.org/forums/showthread.php?t=245697
2178# </a>
2179# (in Arabic)
2180# or
2181# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank03.html">
2182# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank03.html
2183# </a>
2184
2185# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-24):
2186# ...Ma'an News Agency reports that Hamas cabinet has decided it will
2187# start one day later, at 12:01am. Not sure if they really mean 12:01am or
2188# noon though:
2189#
2190# <a href="http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=271178">
2191# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=271178
2192# </a>
2193# (Ma'an News Agency)
2194# "At 12:01am Friday, clocks in Israel and the West Bank will change to
2195# 1:01am, while Gaza clocks will change at 12:01am Saturday morning."
2196
2197# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-08-11):
2198# According to several sources, including
2199# <a href="http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=306795">
2200# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=306795
2201# </a>
2202# the clocks were set back one hour at 2010-08-11 00:00:00 local time in
2203# Gaza and the West Bank.
2204# Some more background info:
2205# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-end-dst-2010.html">
2206# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-end-dst-2010.html
2207# </a>
2208
2209# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-08-26):
2210# Gaza and the West Bank did go back to standard time in the beginning of
2211# August, and will now enter daylight saving time again on 2011-08-30
2212# 00:00 (so two periods of DST in 2011). The pause was because of
2213# Ramadan.
2214#
2215# <a href="http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=416217">
2216# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=416217
2217# </a>
2218# Additional info:
2219# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/palestine-dst-2011.html">
2220# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/palestine-dst-2011.html
2221# </a>
2222
2223# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-08-27):
2224# According to the article in The Jerusalem Post:
2225# "...Earlier this month, the Palestinian government in the West Bank decided to
2226# move to standard time for 30 days, during Ramadan. The Palestinians in the
2227# Gaza Strip accepted the change and also moved their clocks one hour back.
2228# The Hamas government said on Saturday that it won't observe summertime after
2229# the Muslim feast of Id al-Fitr, which begins on Tuesday..."
2230# ...
2231# <a href="http://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=235650">
2232# http://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=235650
2233# </a>
2234# or
2235# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip05.html">
2236# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip05.html
2237# </a>
2238# The rules for Egypt are stolen from the `africa' file.
2239
2240# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-09-30):
2241# West Bank did end Daylight Saving Time this morning/midnight (2011-09-30
2242# 00:00).
2243# So West Bank and Gaza now have the same time again.
2244#
2245# Many sources, including:
2246# <a href="http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=424808">
2247# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=424808
2248# </a>
2249
2250# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2251Rule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
2252Rule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2253Rule EgyptAsia 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
2254Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1967 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
2255Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
2256Rule EgyptAsia 1966 only - Oct 1 3:00 0 -
2257
2258Rule Palestine 1999 2005 - Apr Fri>=15 0:00 1:00 S
2259Rule Palestine 1999 2003 - Oct Fri>=15 0:00 0 -
2260Rule Palestine 2004 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
2261Rule Palestine 2005 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
2262Rule Palestine 2006 2008 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
2263Rule Palestine 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
2264Rule Palestine 2007 only - Sep Thu>=8 2:00 0 -
2265Rule Palestine 2008 only - Aug lastFri 0:00 0 -
2266Rule Palestine 2009 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
2267Rule Palestine 2009 only - Sep Fri>=1 2:00 0 -
2268Rule Palestine 2010 only - Mar lastSat 0:01 1:00 S
2269Rule Palestine 2010 only - Aug 11 0:00 0 -
2270
2271# From Arthur David Olson (2011-09-20):
2272# 2011 transitions per http://www.timeanddate.com as of 2011-09-20.
2273
2274# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2275Zone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct
2276 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15
2277 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5
2278 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996
2279 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999
2280 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2011 Apr 2 12:01
2281 2:00 1:00 EEST 2011 Aug 1
2282 2:00 - EET
2283
2284Zone Asia/Hebron 2:20:23 - LMT 1900 Oct
2285 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15
2286 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5
2287 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996
2288 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999
2289 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2008 Aug
2290 2:00 1:00 EEST 2008 Sep
2291 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2011 Apr 1 12:01
2292 2:00 1:00 EEST 2011 Aug 1
2293 2:00 - EET 2011 Aug 30
2294 2:00 1:00 EEST 2011 Sep 30 3:00
2295 2:00 - EET
2296
2297# Paracel Is
2298# no information
2299
2300# Philippines
2301# On 1844-08-16, Narciso Claveria, governor-general of the
2302# Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to
2303# be immediately followed by 1845-01-01. Robert H. van Gent has a
2304# transcript of the decree in <http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/idl/idl.htm>.
2305# The rest of the data are from Shanks & Pottenger.
2306
2307# From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25):
2308# Tomorrow's Manila Standard reports that the Philippines Department of
2309# Trade and Industry is considering adopting DST this June when the
2310# rainy season begins. See
2311# <http://www.manilastandardtoday.com/?page=politics02_april26_2006>.
2312# For now, we'll ignore this, since it's not definite and we lack details.
2313#
2314# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-04-26):
2315# ... claims that Philippines had DST last time in 1990:
2316# http://story.philippinetimes.com/p.x/ct/9/id/145be20cc6b121c0/cid/3e5bbccc730d258c/
2317# [a story dated 2006-04-25 by Cris Larano of Dow Jones Newswires,
2318# but no details]
2319
2320# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2321Rule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 S
2322Rule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 -
2323Rule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 S
2324Rule Phil 1954 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 -
2325Rule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 S
2326Rule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
2327# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2328Zone Asia/Manila -15:56:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
2329 8:04:00 - LMT 1899 May 11
2330 8:00 Phil PH%sT 1942 May
2331 9:00 - JST 1944 Nov
2332 8:00 Phil PH%sT
2333
2334# Qatar
2335# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2336Zone Asia/Qatar 3:26:08 - LMT 1920 # Al Dawhah / Doha
2337 4:00 - GST 1972 Jun
2338 3:00 - AST
2339
2340# Saudi Arabia
2341# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2342Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1950
2343 3:00 - AST
2344
2345# Singapore
2346# The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
2347# <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>.
2348# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2349Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
2350 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
2351 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time
2352 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1
2353 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1
2354 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16
2355 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
2356 7:30 - MALT 1965 Aug 9 # independence
2357 7:30 - SGT 1982 Jan 1 # Singapore Time
2358 8:00 - SGT
2359
2360# Spratly Is
2361# no information
2362
2363# Sri Lanka
2364# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
2365# "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout"
2366# (www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html, 1996-05-24,
2367# no longer available as of 1999-08-17)
2368# reported ``the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at
2369# midnight Friday (1830 GMT) `in the light of the present power crisis'.''
2370#
2371# From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted
2372# by Shamindra in
2373# <a href="news:54rka5$m5h@mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net">
2374# Daily News - Hot News Section (1996-10-26)
2375# </a>:
2376# With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996
2377# Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT.
2378
2379# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-04-14), quoting Sri Lanka News Online
2380# <http://news.sinhalaya.com/wmview.php?ArtID=11002> (2006-04-13):
2381# 0030 hrs on April 15, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006 +30 minutes)
2382# at present, become 2400 hours of April 14, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006).
2383
2384# From Peter Apps and Ranga Sirila of Reuters (2006-04-12) in:
2385# <http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=scienceNews&storyID=2006-04-12T172228Z_01_COL295762_RTRIDST_0_SCIENCE-SRILANKA-TIME-DC.XML>
2386# [The Tamil Tigers] never accepted the original 1996 time change and simply
2387# kept their clocks set five and a half hours ahead of Greenwich Mean
2388# Time (GMT), in line with neighbor India.
2389# From Paul Eggert (2006-04-18):
2390# People who live in regions under Tamil control can use [TZ='Asia/Kolkata'],
2391# as that zone has agreed with the Tamil areas since our cutoff date of 1970.
2392
2393# From K Sethu (2006-04-25):
2394# I think the abbreviation LKT originated from the world of computers at
2395# the time of or subsequent to the time zone changes by SL Government
2396# twice in 1996 and probably SL Government or its standardization
2397# agencies never declared an abbreviation as a national standard.
2398#
2399# I recollect before the recent change the government annoucemments
2400# mentioning it as simply changing Sri Lanka Standard Time or Sri Lanka
2401# Time and no mention was made about the abbreviation.
2402#
2403# If we look at Sri Lanka Department of Government's "Official News
2404# Website of Sri Lanka" ... http://www.news.lk/ we can see that they
2405# use SLT as abbreviation in time stamp at the beginning of each news
2406# item....
2407#
2408# Within Sri Lanka I think LKT is well known among computer users and
2409# adminsitrators. In my opinion SLT may not be a good choice because the
2410# nation's largest telcom / internet operator Sri Lanka Telcom is well
2411# known by that abbreviation - simply as SLT (there IP domains are
2412# slt.lk and sltnet.lk).
2413#
2414# But if indeed our government has adopted SLT as standard abbreviation
2415# (that we have not known so far) then it is better that it be used for
2416# all computers.
2417
2418# From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25):
2419# One possibility is that we wait for a bit for the dust to settle down
2420# and then see what people actually say in practice.
2421
2422# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2423Zone Asia/Colombo 5:19:24 - LMT 1880
2424 5:19:32 - MMT 1906 # Moratuwa Mean Time
2425 5:30 - IST 1942 Jan 5
2426 5:30 0:30 IHST 1942 Sep
2427 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 16 2:00
2428 5:30 - IST 1996 May 25 0:00
2429 6:30 - LKT 1996 Oct 26 0:30
2430 6:00 - LKT 2006 Apr 15 0:30
2431 5:30 - IST
2432
2433# Syria
2434# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2435Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S
2436Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
2437Rule Syria 1962 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 S
2438Rule Syria 1962 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2439Rule Syria 1963 1965 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S
2440Rule Syria 1963 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
2441Rule Syria 1964 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2442Rule Syria 1965 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
2443Rule Syria 1966 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 S
2444Rule Syria 1966 1976 - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2445Rule Syria 1967 1978 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S
2446Rule Syria 1977 1978 - Sep 1 2:00 0 -
2447Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Apr 9 2:00 1:00 S
2448Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2449Rule Syria 1986 only - Feb 16 2:00 1:00 S
2450Rule Syria 1986 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 -
2451Rule Syria 1987 only - Mar 1 2:00 1:00 S
2452Rule Syria 1987 1988 - Oct 31 2:00 0 -
2453Rule Syria 1988 only - Mar 15 2:00 1:00 S
2454Rule Syria 1989 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
2455Rule Syria 1989 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2456Rule Syria 1990 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 S
2457Rule Syria 1990 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
2458Rule Syria 1991 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
2459Rule Syria 1991 1992 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2460Rule Syria 1992 only - Apr 8 0:00 1:00 S
2461Rule Syria 1993 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
2462Rule Syria 1993 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 -
2463# IATA SSIM (1998-02) says 1998-04-02;
2464# (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; (1999-02) says 1999-04-02,
2465# 2000-04-02, and 2001-04-02; (1999-09) says 2000-03-31 and 2001-03-31;
2466# (2006) says 2006-03-31 and 2006-09-22;
2467# for now ignore all these claims and go with Shanks & Pottenger,
2468# except for the 2006-09-22 claim (which seems right for Ramadan).
2469Rule Syria 1994 1996 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
2470Rule Syria 1994 2005 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2471Rule Syria 1997 1998 - Mar lastMon 0:00 1:00 S
2472Rule Syria 1999 2006 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
2473# From Stephen Colebourne (2006-09-18):
2474# According to IATA data, Syria will change DST on 21st September [21:00 UTC]
2475# this year [only].... This is probably related to Ramadan, like Egypt.
2476Rule Syria 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
2477# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29):
2478# Today the AP reported "Syria will switch to summertime at midnight Thursday."
2479# http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/03/29/africa/ME-GEN-Syria-Time-Change.php
2480Rule Syria 2007 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
2481# From Jesper Norgard (2007-10-27):
2482# The sister center ICARDA of my work CIMMYT is confirming that Syria DST will
2483# not take place 1.st November at 0:00 o'clock but 1.st November at 24:00 or
2484# rather Midnight between Thursday and Friday. This does make more sence than
2485# having it between Wednesday and Thursday (two workdays in Syria) since the
2486# weekend in Syria is not Saturday and Sunday, but Friday and Saturday. So now
2487# it is implemented at midnight of the last workday before weekend...
2488#
2489# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-27):
2490# Jesper Norgaard Welen wrote:
2491#
2492# > "Winter local time in Syria will be observed at midnight of Thursday 1
2493# > November 2007, and the clock will be put back 1 hour."
2494#
2495# I found confirmation on this in this gov.sy-article (Arabic):
2496# http://wehda.alwehda.gov.sy/_print_veiw.asp?FileName=12521710520070926111247
2497#
2498# which using Google's translate tools says:
2499# Council of Ministers also approved the commencement of work on
2500# identifying the winter time as of Friday, 2/11/2007 where the 60th
2501# minute delay at midnight Thursday 1/11/2007.
2502Rule Syria 2007 only - Nov Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
2503
2504# From Stephen Colebourne (2008-03-17):
2505# For everyone's info, I saw an IATA time zone change for [Syria] for
2506# this month (March 2008) in the last day or so...This is the data IATA
2507# are now using:
2508# Country Time Standard --- DST Start --- --- DST End --- DST
2509# Name Zone Variation Time Date Time Date
2510# Variation
2511# Syrian Arab
2512# Republic SY +0200 2200 03APR08 2100 30SEP08 +0300
2513# 2200 02APR09 2100 30SEP09 +0300
2514# 2200 01APR10 2100 30SEP10 +0300
2515
2516# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-17):
2517# Here's a link to English-language coverage by the Syrian Arab News
2518# Agency (SANA)...
2519# <a href="http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm">
2520# http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm
2521# </a>...which reads (in part) "The Cabinet approved the suggestion of the
2522# Ministry of Electricity to begin daylight savings time on Friday April
2523# 4th, advancing clocks one hour ahead on midnight of Thursday April 3rd."
2524# Since Syria is two hours east of UTC, the 2200 and 2100 transition times
2525# shown above match up with midnight in Syria.
2526
2527# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
2528# My buest guess at a Syrian rule is "the Friday nearest April 1";
2529# coding that involves either using a "Mar Fri>=29" construct that old time zone
2530# compilers can't handle or having multiple Rules (a la Israel).
2531# For now, use "Apr Fri>=1", and go with IATA on a uniform Sep 30 end.
2532
2533# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-10-07):
2534# Syria has now officially decided to end DST on 2008-11-01 this year,
2535# according to the following article in the Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA).
2536#
2537# The article is in Arabic, and seems to tell that they will go back to
2538# winter time on 2008-11-01 at 00:00 local daylight time (delaying/setting
2539# clocks back 60 minutes).
2540#
2541# <a href="http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm">
2542# http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm
2543# </a>
2544
2545# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-19):
2546# Syria will start DST on 2009-03-27 00:00 this year according to many sources,
2547# two examples:
2548#
2549# <a href="http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm">
2550# http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm
2551# </a>
2552# (English, Syrian Arab News # Agency)
2553# <a href="http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209">
2554# http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209
2555# </a>
2556# (Arabic, gov-site)
2557#
2558# We have not found any sources saying anything about when DST ends this year.
2559#
2560# Our summary
2561# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html">
2562# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html
2563# </a>
2564
2565# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-27):
2566# The Syrian Arab News Network on 2009-09-29 reported that Syria will
2567# revert back to winter (standard) time on midnight between Thursday
2568# 2009-10-29 and Friday 2009-10-30:
2569# <a href="http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm">
2570# http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm (Arabic)
2571# </a>
2572
2573# From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28):
2574# We'll see if future DST switching times turn out to be end of the last
2575# Thursday of the month or the start of the last Friday of the month or
2576# something else. For now, use the start of the last Friday.
2577
2578# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-17):
2579# The "Syrian News Station" reported on 2010-03-16 that the Council of
2580# Ministers has decided that Syria will start DST on midnight Thursday
2581# 2010-04-01: (midnight between Thursday and Friday):
2582# <a href="http://sns.sy/sns/?path=news/read/11421">
2583# http://sns.sy/sns/?path=news/read/11421 (Arabic)
2584# </a>
2585
2586Rule Syria 2008 only - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
2587Rule Syria 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
2588Rule Syria 2009 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
2589Rule Syria 2010 max - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
2590Rule Syria 2009 max - Oct lastFri 0:00 0 -
2591
2592# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2593Zone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 # Dimashq
2594 2:00 Syria EE%sT
2595
2596# Tajikistan
2597# From Shanks & Pottenger.
2598# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2599Zone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
2600 5:00 - DUST 1930 Jun 21 # Dushanbe Time
2601 6:00 RussiaAsia DUS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2602 5:00 1:00 DUSST 1991 Sep 9 2:00s
2603 5:00 - TJT # Tajikistan Time
2604
2605# Thailand
2606# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2607Zone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880
2608 6:42:04 - BMT 1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time
2609 7:00 - ICT
2610
2611# Turkmenistan
2612# From Shanks & Pottenger.
2613# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2614Zone Asia/Ashgabat 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ashkhabad
2615 4:00 - ASHT 1930 Jun 21 # Ashkhabad Time
2616 5:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00
2617 4:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Oct 27 # independence
2618 4:00 RussiaAsia TM%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00
2619 5:00 - TMT
2620
2621# United Arab Emirates
2622# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2623Zone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920
2624 4:00 - GST
2625
2626# Uzbekistan
2627# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2628Zone Asia/Samarkand 4:27:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
2629 4:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21 # Samarkand Time
2630 5:00 - SAMT 1981 Apr 1
2631 5:00 1:00 SAMST 1981 Oct 1
2632 6:00 - TAST 1982 Apr 1 # Tashkent Time
2633 5:00 RussiaAsia SAM%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence
2634 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992
2635 5:00 - UZT
2636Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
2637 5:00 - TAST 1930 Jun 21 # Tashkent Time
2638 6:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00
2639 5:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence
2640 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992
2641 5:00 - UZT
2642
2643# Vietnam
2644
2645# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
2646# The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Min City";
2647# we use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters.
2648
2649# From Shanks & Pottenger:
2650# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2651Zone Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh 7:06:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9
2652 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
2653 7:00 - ICT 1912 May
2654 8:00 - ICT 1931 May
2655 7:00 - ICT
2656
2657# Yemen
2658# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2659Zone Asia/Aden 3:00:48 - LMT 1950
2660 3:00 - AST
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