2# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
3# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
4
5# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
6# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
7# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
8
9# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
10#
11# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
12# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
13# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
14#
15# Gwillim Law writes that a good source
16# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
17# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
18# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
19# of the IATA's data after 1990.
20#
21# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
22# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
23#
24# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
25# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
26# I found in the UCLA library.
27#
28# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
29# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
30#
31# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
32# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
33# Corrections are welcome!
34# std dst
35# LMT Local Mean Time
36# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time
37# 2:00 IST IDT Israel
38# 3:00 AST ADT Arabia*
39# 3:30 IRST IRDT Iran
40# 4:00 GST Gulf*
41# 5:30 IST India
42# 7:00 ICT Indochina*
43# 7:00 WIT west Indonesia
44# 8:00 CIT central Indonesia
45# 8:00 CST China
46# 9:00 CJT Central Japanese Time (1896/1937)*
47# 9:00 EIT east Indonesia
48# 9:00 JST JDT Japan
49# 9:00 KST KDT Korea
50# 9:30 CST (Australian) Central Standard Time
51#
52# See the `europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia.
53
54# From Guy Harris:
55# Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as
56# additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental
57# Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide -
58# Worldwide Edition). The names for time zones are guesses.
59
60###############################################################################
61
62# These rules are stolen from the `europe' file.
63# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
64Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
65Rule EUAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
66Rule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 -
67Rule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
68Rule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
69Rule E-EurAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
70Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
71Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
72Rule RussiaAsia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
73Rule RussiaAsia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
74Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S
75Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 -
76Rule RussiaAsia 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
77Rule RussiaAsia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
78Rule RussiaAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
79
80# Afghanistan
81# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
82Zone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890
83 4:00 - AFT 1945
84 4:30 - AFT
85
86# Armenia
87# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
88# Shanks & Pottenger have Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST)
89# in spring 1991, then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then
90# readopting Russian DST in 1997. Go with Shanks & Pottenger, even
91# when they disagree with others. Edgar Der-Danieliantz
92# reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST
93# in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995. IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that
94# Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991,
95# but started switching at 3:00s in 1998.
96# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
97Zone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2
98 3:00 - YERT 1957 Mar # Yerevan Time
99 4:00 RussiaAsia YER%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
100 3:00 1:00 YERST 1991 Sep 23 # independence
101 3:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 1995 Sep 24 2:00s
102 4:00 - AMT 1997
103 4:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT
104
105# Azerbaijan
106# From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23):
107# According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997
108# Resolution available at: http://aif.az/docs/daylight_res.pdf
109# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
110Rule Azer 1997 max - Mar lastSun 4:00 1:00 S
111Rule Azer 1997 max - Oct lastSun 5:00 0 -
112# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
113Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
114 3:00 - BAKT 1957 Mar # Baku Time
115 4:00 RussiaAsia BAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
116 3:00 1:00 BAKST 1991 Aug 30 # independence
117 3:00 RussiaAsia AZ%sT 1992 Sep lastSat 23:00
118 4:00 - AZT 1996 # Azerbaijan time
119 4:00 EUAsia AZ%sT 1997
120 4:00 Azer AZ%sT
121
122# Bahrain
123# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
124Zone Asia/Bahrain 3:22:20 - LMT 1920 # Al Manamah
125 4:00 - GST 1972 Jun
126 3:00 - AST
127
128# Bangladesh
129# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-05-13):
130# According to newspaper Asian Tribune (May 6, 2009) Bangladesh may introduce
131# Daylight Saving Time from June 16 to Sept 30
132#
133# Bangladesh to introduce daylight saving time likely from June 16
134# <a href="http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288">
135# http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288
136# </a>
137# or
138# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html">
139# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html
140# </a>
141#
142# "... Bangladesh government has decided to switch daylight saving time from
143# June
144# 16 till September 30 in a bid to ensure maximum use of daylight to cope with
145# crippling power crisis. "
146#
147# The switch will remain in effect from June 16 to Sept 30 (2009) but if
148# implemented the next year, it will come in force from April 1, 2010
149
150# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-02):
151# They have finally decided now, but changed the start date to midnight between
152# the 19th and 20th, and they have not set the end date yet.
153#
154# Some sources:
155# <a href="http://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601">
156# http://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601
157# </a>
158# <a href="http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2">
159# http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2
160# </a>
161#
162# Our wrap-up:
163# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html">
164# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html
165# </a>
166
167# From A. N. M. Kamrus Saadat (2009-06-15):
168# Finally we've got the official mail regarding DST start time where DST start
169# time is mentioned as Jun 19 2009, 23:00 from BTRC (Bangladesh
170# Telecommunication Regulatory Commission).
171#
172# No DST end date has been announced yet.
173
174# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-25):
175# Bangladesh won't go back to Standard Time from October 1, 2009,
176# instead it will continue DST measure till the cabinet makes a fresh decision.
177#
178# Following report by same newspaper-"The Daily Star Friday":
179# "DST change awaits cabinet decision-Clock won't go back by 1-hr from Oct 1"
180# <a href="http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021">
181# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021
182# </a>
183# or
184# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html">
185# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html
186# </a>
187
188# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-13):
189# IANS (Indo-Asian News Service) now reports:
190# Bangladesh has decided that the clock advanced by an hour to make
191# maximum use of daylight hours as an energy saving measure would
192# "continue for an indefinite period."
193#
194# One of many places where it is published:
195# <a href="http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html">
196# http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html
197# </a>
198
199# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-12-24):
200# According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star,"
201# Bangladesh will change its clock back to Standard Time on Dec 31, 2009.
202#
203# Clock goes back 1-hr on Dec 31 night.
204# <a href="http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119228">
205# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119228
206# </a>
207# and
208# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html">
209# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html
210# </a>
211#
212# "...The government yesterday decided to put the clock back by one hour
213# on December 31 midnight and the new time will continue until March 31,
214# 2010 midnight. The decision came at a cabinet meeting at the Prime
215# Minister's Office last night..."
216
217# From Danvin Ruangchan (2009-12-24):
218# ...the news mentions DST will be turned off again 7 months after March
219# 31st on Oct 31, 2010.
220
221# From Arthur David Olson (2009-12-26):
222# Indeed, "The government will advance again the Banglasdesh Standard
223# Time by one one hour on March 31 next year by enforcing the Daylight
224# Saving Time (DST) for seven months. It will continue till October 31
225# until further notice." I take that last sentence as the
226# establishment of a rule.
227
228# From Nobutomo Nakano (2010-02-19):
229# We received a report from Bangladesh saying that the start/end of
230# Bangladesh DST is incorrect. Currently we have only the Bengali version
231# of the official mail from BTRC which describes the following:
232#
233# "From 2010 each year when local standard time is about to reach
234# March 31 at 10:59:00 PM clocks are turned forward 1 hour (11:59:00 PM)
235# and when local daylight time is about to October 31 at 11:59:00 PM
236# clocks are turned backward 1 hour (10:59:00 PM)."
237#
238# So, DST will start/end 1 minute earlier.
239
240# From Arthur David Olson (2010-03-03):
241# The file
242# <a href=http://www.cabinet.gov/bd/file_upload/news_events/en_169.pdf>
243# http://www.cabinet.gov/bd/file_upload/news_events/en_169.pdf
244# </a>
245# is in Bengali; it does contain two "31"s as well as two "11.59"s and a "10.59"
246# which is consistent with the information provided by Nobutomo Nakano.
247
248# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
249Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Jun 19 23:00 1:00 S
250Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Dec 31 23:59 0 -
251Rule Dhaka 2010 max - Mar 31 22:59 1:00 S
252Rule Dhaka 2010 max - Oct 31 23:59 0 -
253
254# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
255Zone Asia/Dhaka 6:01:40 - LMT 1890
256 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
257 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time
258 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
259 6:30 - BURT 1951 Sep 30
260 6:00 - DACT 1971 Mar 26 # Dacca Time
261 6:00 - BDT 2009
262 6:00 Dhaka BD%sT
263
264# Bhutan
265# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
266Zone Asia/Thimphu 5:58:36 - LMT 1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu
267 5:30 - IST 1987 Oct
268 6:00 - BTT # Bhutan Time
269
270# British Indian Ocean Territory
271# Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the
272# 1997 and later maps say 6:00. Assume the switch occurred in 1996.
273# We have no information as to when standard time was introduced;
274# assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which
275# then contained the Chagos Archipelago).
276# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
277Zone Indian/Chagos 4:49:40 - LMT 1907
278 5:00 - IOT 1996 # BIOT Time
279 6:00 - IOT
280
281# Brunei
282# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
283Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan
284 7:30 - BNT 1933
285 8:00 - BNT
286
287# Burma / Myanmar
288# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
289Zone Asia/Rangoon 6:24:40 - LMT 1880 # or Yangon
290 6:24:36 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon Mean Time?
291 6:30 - BURT 1942 May # Burma Time
292 9:00 - JST 1945 May 3
293 6:30 - MMT # Myanmar Time
294
295# Cambodia
296# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
297Zone Asia/Phnom_Penh 6:59:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9
298 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
299 7:00 - ICT 1912 May
300 8:00 - ICT 1931 May
301 7:00 - ICT
302
303# China
304
305# From Guy Harris:
306# People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone.
307
308# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
309# No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though
310# China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the
311# Peking (Bejing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China
312# has two of 'em -- Peking's and Urumqi (named after the capital of
313# the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it.
314#
315# . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too
316# painful to suck in another copy.. So, here is what I have for
317# DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP):
318#
319# 1986 May 4 - Sept 14
320# 1987 mid-April - ??
321
322# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
323# CHINA 8 H AHEAD OF UTC ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN
324# CHINA 9 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 17 - SEP 10
325
326# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
327# Shanks & Pottenger write that China (except for Hong Kong and Macau)
328# has had a single time zone since 1980 May 1, observing summer DST
329# from 1986 through 1991; this contradicts Devine's
330# note about Time magazine, though apparently _something_ happened in 1986.
331# Go with Shanks & Pottenger for now. I made up names for the other
332# pre-1980 time zones.
333
334# From Shanks & Pottenger:
335# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
336Rule Shang 1940 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D
337Rule Shang 1940 1941 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
338Rule Shang 1941 only - Mar 16 0:00 1:00 D
339Rule PRC 1986 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 D
340Rule PRC 1986 1991 - Sep Sun>=11 0:00 0 S
341Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D
342
343# From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20):
344# BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five
345# historic timezones from some Taiwan websites. And yes, there are official
346# Chinese names for these locales (before 1949).
347#
348# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-07-14):
349# I have investigated the timezones around 1970 on the
350# http://www.astro.com/atlas site [with provinces and county
351# boundaries summarized below].... A few other exceptions were two
352# counties on the Sichuan side of the Xizang-Sichuan border,
353# counties Dege and Baiyu which lies on the Sichuan side and are
354# therefore supposed to be GMT+7, Xizang region being GMT+6, but Dege
355# county is GMT+8 according to astro.com while Baiyu county is GMT+6
356# (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two
357# counties are mistakes in the astro.com data.
358
359# From Paul Eggert (2008-02-11):
360# I just now checked Google News for western news sources that talk
361# about China's single time zone, and couldn't find anything before 1986
362# talking about China being in one time zone. (That article was: Jim
363# Mann, "A clumsy embrace for another western custom: China on daylight
364# time--sort of", Los Angeles Times, 1986-05-05. By the way, this
365# article confirms the tz database's data claiming that China began
366# observing daylight saving time in 1986.
367#
368# From Thomas S. Mullaney (2008-02-11):
369# I think you're combining two subjects that need to treated
370# separately: daylight savings (which, you're correct, wasn't
371# implemented until the 1980s) and the unified time zone centered near
372# Beijing (which was implemented in 1949). Briefly, there was also a
373# "Lhasa Time" in Tibet and "Urumqi Time" in Xinjiang. The first was
374# ceased, and the second eventually recognized (again, in the 1980s).
375#
376# From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30):
377# There seems to be a good chance China switched to a single time zone in 1949
378# rather than in 1980 as Shanks & Pottenger have it, but we don't have a
379# reliable documentary source saying so yet, so for now we still go with
380# Shanks & Pottenger.
381
382# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
383# Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area)
384# Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin
385Zone Asia/Harbin 8:26:44 - LMT 1928 # or Haerbin
386 8:30 - CHAT 1932 Mar # Changbai Time
387 8:00 - CST 1940
388 9:00 - CHAT 1966 May
389 8:30 - CHAT 1980 May
390 8:00 PRC C%sT
391# Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time")
392# most of China
393Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:52 - LMT 1928
394 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949
395 8:00 PRC C%sT
396# Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area)
397# Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan;
398# most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; west Qinghai; and the Guangdong
399# counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing,
400# Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu.
401Zone Asia/Chongqing 7:06:20 - LMT 1928 # or Chungking
402 7:00 - LONT 1980 May # Long-shu Time
403 8:00 PRC C%sT
404# Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time")
405# The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai;
406# the Guangdong counties Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang,
407# Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi;
408# east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi;
409# east Xinjiang, including Urumqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe,
410# Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin,
411# Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami,
412# Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan.
413Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928 # or Urumchi
414 6:00 - URUT 1980 May # Urumqi Time
415 8:00 PRC C%sT
416# Kunlun Time
417# West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule;
418# West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke,
419# Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding,
420# and Yarkand.
421
422# From Luther Ma (2009-10-17):
423# Almost all (>99.9%) ethnic Chinese (properly ethnic Han) living in
424# Xinjiang use Chinese Standard Time. Some are aware of Xinjiang time,
425# but have no need of it. All planes, trains, and schools function on
426# what is called "Beijing time." When Han make an appointment in Chinese
427# they implicitly use Beijing time.
428#
429# On the other hand, ethnic Uyghurs, who make up about half the
430# population of Xinjiang, typically use "Xinjiang time" which is two
431# hours behind Beijing time, or UTC +0600. The government of the Xinjiang
432# Uyghur Autonomous Region, (XAUR, or just Xinjiang for short) as well as
433# local governments such as the Urumqi city government use both times in
434# publications, referring to what is popularly called Xinjiang time as
435# "Urumqi time." When Uyghurs make an appointment in the Uyghur language
436# they almost invariably use Xinjiang time.
437#
438# (Their ethnic Han compatriots would typically have no clue of its
439# widespread use, however, because so extremely few of them are fluent in
440# Uyghur, comparable to the number of Anglo-Americans fluent in Navajo.)
441#
442# (...As with the rest of China there was a brief interval ending in 1990
443# or 1991 when summer time was in use. The confusion was severe, with
444# the province not having dual times but four times in use at the same
445# time. Some areas remained on standard Xinjiang time or Beijing time and
446# others moving their clocks ahead.)
447#
448# ...an example of an official website using of Urumqi time.
449#
450# The first few lines of the Google translation of
451# <a href="http://www.fjysgl.gov.cn/show.aspx?id=2379&cid=39">
452# http://www.fjysgl.gov.cn/show.aspx?id=2379&cid=39
453# </a>
454# (retrieved 2009-10-13)
455# > Urumqi fire seven people are missing the alleged losses of at least
456# > 500 million yuan
457# >
458# > (Reporter Dong Liu) the day before 20:20 or so (Urumqi Time 18:20),
459# > Urumqi City Department of International Plaza Luther Qiantang River
460# > burst fire. As of yesterday, 18:30, Urumqi City Fire officers and men
461# > have worked continuously for 22 hours...
462
463# From Luther Ma (2009-11-19):
464# With the risk of being redundant to previous answers these are the most common
465# English "transliterations" (w/o using non-English symbols):
466#
467# 1. Wulumuqi...
468# 2. Kashi...
469# 3. Urumqi...
470# 4. Kashgar...
471# ...
472# 5. It seems that Uyghurs in Urumqi has been using Xinjiang since at least the
473# 1960's. I know of one Han, now over 50, who grew up in the surrounding
474# countryside and used Xinjiang time as a child.
475#
476# 6. Likewise for Kashgar and the rest of south Xinjiang I don't know of any
477# start date for Xinjiang time.
478#
479# Without having access to local historical records, nor the ability to legally
480# publish them, I would go with October 1, 1949, when Xinjiang became the Uyghur
481# Autonomous Region under the PRC. (Before that Uyghurs, of course, would also
482# not be using Beijing time, but some local time.)
483
484Zone Asia/Kashgar 5:03:56 - LMT 1928 # or Kashi or Kaxgar
485 5:30 - KAST 1940 # Kashgar Time
486 5:00 - KAST 1980 May
487 8:00 PRC C%sT
488
489
490# From Lee Yiu Chung (2009-10-24):
491# I found there are some mistakes for the...DST rule for Hong
492# Kong. [According] to the DST record from Hong Kong Observatory (actually,
493# it is not [an] observatory, but the official meteorological agency of HK,
494# and also serves as the official timing agency), there are some missing
495# and incorrect rules. Although the exact switch over time is missing, I
496# think 3:30 is correct. The official DST record for Hong Kong can be
497# obtained from
498# <a href="http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm">
499# http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm
500# </a>.
501
502# From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28):
503# Here are the dates given at
504# <a href="http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm">
505# http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm
506# </a>
507# as of 2009-10-28:
508# Year Period
509# 1941 1 Apr to 30 Sep
510# 1942 Whole year
511# 1943 Whole year
512# 1944 Whole year
513# 1945 Whole year
514# 1946 20 Apr to 1 Dec
515# 1947 13 Apr to 30 Dec
516# 1948 2 May to 31 Oct
517# 1949 3 Apr to 30 Oct
518# 1950 2 Apr to 29 Oct
519# 1951 1 Apr to 28 Oct
520# 1952 6 Apr to 25 Oct
521# 1953 5 Apr to 1 Nov
522# 1954 21 Mar to 31 Oct
523# 1955 20 Mar to 6 Nov
524# 1956 18 Mar to 4 Nov
525# 1957 24 Mar to 3 Nov
526# 1958 23 Mar to 2 Nov
527# 1959 22 Mar to 1 Nov
528# 1960 20 Mar to 6 Nov
529# 1961 19 Mar to 5 Nov
530# 1962 18 Mar to 4 Nov
531# 1963 24 Mar to 3 Nov
532# 1964 22 Mar to 1 Nov
533# 1965 18 Apr to 17 Oct
534# 1966 17 Apr to 16 Oct
535# 1967 16 Apr to 22 Oct
536# 1968 21 Apr to 20 Oct
537# 1969 20 Apr to 19 Oct
538# 1970 19 Apr to 18 Oct
539# 1971 18 Apr to 17 Oct
540# 1972 16 Apr to 22 Oct
541# 1973 22 Apr to 21 Oct
542# 1973/74 30 Dec 73 to 20 Oct 74
543# 1975 20 Apr to 19 Oct
544# 1976 18 Apr to 17 Oct
545# 1977 Nil
546# 1978 Nil
547# 1979 13 May to 21 Oct
548# 1980 to Now Nil
549# The page does not give start or end times of day.
550# The page does not give a start date for 1942.
551# The page does not givw an end date for 1945.
552# The Japanese occupation of Hong Kong began on 1941-12-25.
553# The Japanese surrender of Hong Kong was signed 1945-09-15.
554# For lack of anything better, use start of those days as the transition times.
555
556# Hong Kong (Xianggang)
557# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
558Rule HK 1941 only - Apr 1 3:30 1:00 S
559Rule HK 1941 only - Sep 30 3:30 0 -
560Rule HK 1946 only - Apr 20 3:30 1:00 S
561Rule HK 1946 only - Dec 1 3:30 0 -
562Rule HK 1947 only - Apr 13 3:30 1:00 S
563Rule HK 1947 only - Dec 30 3:30 0 -
564Rule HK 1948 only - May 2 3:30 1:00 S
565Rule HK 1948 1951 - Oct lastSun 3:30 0 -
566Rule HK 1952 only - Oct 25 3:30 0 -
567Rule HK 1949 1953 - Apr Sun>=1 3:30 1:00 S
568Rule HK 1953 only - Nov 1 3:30 0 -
569Rule HK 1954 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 3:30 1:00 S
570Rule HK 1954 only - Oct 31 3:30 0 -
571Rule HK 1955 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 -
572Rule HK 1965 1977 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
573Rule HK 1965 1977 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
574Rule HK 1973 only - Dec 30 3:30 1:00 S
575Rule HK 1979 only - May Sun>=8 3:30 1:00 S
576Rule HK 1979 only - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
577# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
578Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:36 - LMT 1904 Oct 30
579 8:00 HK HK%sT 1941 Dec 25
580 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 15
581 8:00 HK HK%sT
582
583###############################################################################
584
585# Taiwan
586
587# Shanks & Pottenger write that Taiwan observed DST during 1945, when it
588# was still controlled by Japan. This is hard to believe, but we don't
589# have any other information.
590
591# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
592Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
593Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
594Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D
595Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
596Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
597Rule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
598Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
599Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
600Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
601Rule Taiwan 1980 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 D
602Rule Taiwan 1980 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S
603# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
604Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 # or Taibei or T'ai-pei
605 8:00 Taiwan C%sT
606
607# Macau (Macao, Aomen)
608# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
609Rule Macau 1961 1962 - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
610Rule Macau 1961 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 -
611Rule Macau 1963 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
612Rule Macau 1964 only - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
613Rule Macau 1965 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
614Rule Macau 1965 only - Oct 31 0:00 0 -
615Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
616Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
617Rule Macau 1972 1974 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
618Rule Macau 1972 1973 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
619Rule Macau 1974 1977 - Oct Sun>=15 3:30 0 -
620Rule Macau 1975 1977 - Apr Sun>=15 3:30 1:00 S
621Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
622Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
623# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
624Zone Asia/Macau 7:34:20 - LMT 1912
625 8:00 Macau MO%sT 1999 Dec 20 # return to China
626 8:00 PRC C%sT
627
628
629###############################################################################
630
631# Cyprus
632# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
633Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S
634Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 -
635Rule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
636Rule Cyprus 1976 only - Oct 11 0:00 0 -
637Rule Cyprus 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
638Rule Cyprus 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 -
639Rule Cyprus 1978 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
640Rule Cyprus 1979 1997 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
641Rule Cyprus 1981 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
642# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
643Zone Asia/Nicosia 2:13:28 - LMT 1921 Nov 14
644 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep
645 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT
646# IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time.
647
648# Classically, Cyprus belongs to Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72.
649# However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe.
650Link Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia
651
652# Georgia
653# From Paul Eggert (1994-11-19):
654# Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward
655# an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze,
656# an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it!
657# We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall.
658#
659# From Mathew Englander, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04):
660# Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia
661# will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy,
662# President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday.
663#
664# From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27):
665#
666# Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday... The former Soviet
667# republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow. As a result it
668# is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours
669# ahead. The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia,
670# Mikhail Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process
671# of integration into Europe.
672
673# From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07):
674# Government of Georgia ... decided to NOT CHANGE daylight savings time on
675# [Oct.] 30, as it was done before during last more than 10 years.
676# Currently, we are in fact GMT +4:00, as before 30 October it was GMT
677# +3:00.... The problem is, there is NO FORMAL LAW or governmental document
678# about it. As far as I can find, I was told, that there is no document,
679# because we just DIDN'T ISSUE document about switching to winter time....
680# I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our
681# DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month.
682
683
684# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
685Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:16 - LMT 1880
686 2:59:16 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time
687 3:00 - TBIT 1957 Mar # Tbilisi Time
688 4:00 RussiaAsia TBI%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
689 3:00 1:00 TBIST 1991 Apr 9 # independence
690 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 1992 # Georgia Time
691 3:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1994 Sep lastSun
692 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1996 Oct lastSun
693 4:00 1:00 GEST 1997 Mar lastSun
694 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 2004 Jun 27
695 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 2005 Mar lastSun 2:00
696 4:00 - GET
697
698# East Timor
699
700# See Indonesia for the 1945 transition.
701
702# From Joao Carrascalao, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in
703# <a href="http://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm">
704# East Timor may be late for its millennium
705# </a> (1999-12-26/31):
706# Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun
707# rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the
708# Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it
709# conflicts with their way of life.
710
711# From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
712# We don't have any record of the above attempt.
713# Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data.
714
715# <a href="http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/last/00-08-16.undh.html">
716# From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General
717# (2000-08-16)</a>:
718# The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided
719# today to advance East Timor's time by one hour. The time change,
720# which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at
721# midnight on Saturday, September 16.
722
723# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
724Zone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912
725 8:00 - TLT 1942 Feb 21 23:00 # E Timor Time
726 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
727 9:00 - TLT 1976 May 3
728 8:00 - CIT 2000 Sep 17 00:00
729 9:00 - TLT
730
731# India
732# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
733Zone Asia/Kolkata 5:53:28 - LMT 1880 # Kolkata
734 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
735 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time
736 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
737 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15
738 5:30 - IST
739# The following are like Asia/Kolkata:
740# Andaman Is
741# Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is)
742# Nicobar Is
743
744# Indonesia
745#
746# From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger:
747# <http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime>
748# says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01. Looking at some
749# time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat
750# and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7.
751#
752# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-10):
753# Here is another correction to Shanks & Pottenger.
754# JohnTWB writes that Japanese forces did not surrender control in
755# Indonesia until 1945-09-01 00:00 at the earliest (in Jakarta) and
756# other formal surrender ceremonies were September 9, 11, and 13, plus
757# September 12 for the regional surrender to Mountbatten in Singapore.
758# These would be the earliest possible times for a change.
759# Regimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (Editions
760# Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched
761# from JST to UTC+07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura
762# (Hollandia). For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura
763# switched on 1945-09-23.
764#
765# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
766Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10
767# Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13,
768# but this must be a typo.
769 7:07:12 - JMT 1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Jakarta
770 7:20 - JAVT 1932 Nov # Java Time
771 7:30 - WIT 1942 Mar 23
772 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
773 7:30 - WIT 1948 May
774 8:00 - WIT 1950 May
775 7:30 - WIT 1964
776 7:00 - WIT
777Zone Asia/Pontianak 7:17:20 - LMT 1908 May
778 7:17:20 - PMT 1932 Nov # Pontianak MT
779 7:30 - WIT 1942 Jan 29
780 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
781 7:30 - WIT 1948 May
782 8:00 - WIT 1950 May
783 7:30 - WIT 1964
784 8:00 - CIT 1988 Jan 1
785 7:00 - WIT
786Zone Asia/Makassar 7:57:36 - LMT 1920
787 7:57:36 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar MT
788 8:00 - CIT 1942 Feb 9
789 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
790 8:00 - CIT
791Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov
792 9:00 - EIT 1944 Sep 1
793 9:30 - CST 1964
794 9:00 - EIT
795
796# Iran
797
798# From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15):
799# This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian).
800# The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine:
801#
802# Official Newspaper No. 13548-1370/6/25 [1991-09-16]
803# No. 16760/T233 H 1370/6/10 [1991-09-01]
804#
805# The Rule About Change of the Official Time of the Country
806#
807# The Board of Ministers, in the meeting dated 1370/5/23 [1991-08-14],
808# based on the suggestion number 2221/D dated 1370/4/22 [1991-07-13]
809# of the Country's Organization for Official and Employment Affairs,
810# and referring to the law for equating the working hours of workers
811# and officers in the whole country dated 1359/4/23 [1980-07-14], and
812# for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that:
813#
814# The official time of the country will should move forward one hour
815# at the 24[:00] hours of the first day of Farvardin and should return
816# to its previous state at the 24[:00] hours of the 30th day of
817# Shahrivar.
818#
819# First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi
820#
821# From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed
822# for at least the last 5 years. Before that, for a few years, the
823# date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last
824# Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates....
825# I have also changed the abbreviations to what is considered correct
826# here in Iran, IRST for regular time and IRDT for daylight saving time.
827#
828# From Roozbeh Pournader (2005-04-05):
829# The text of the Iranian law, in effect since 1925, clearly mentions
830# that the true solar year is the measure, and there is no arithmetic
831# leap year calculation involved. There has never been any serious
832# plan to change that law....
833#
834# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
835# Go with Shanks & Pottenger before Sept. 1991, and with Pournader thereafter.
836# I used Ed Reingold's cal-persia in GNU Emacs 21.2 to check Persian dates,
837# stopping after 2037 when 32-bit time_t's overflow.
838# That cal-persia used Birashk's approximation, which disagrees with the solar
839# calendar predictions for the year 2025, so I corrected those dates by hand.
840#
841# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future
842# discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar:
843# For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for
844# the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local
845# Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be
846# known exactly, amongst other factors. 2157 is even closer:
847# 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT. But the Gregorian year 2025 should give
848# no interpretation problem whatsoever. By the way, another instant
849# in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between
850# arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058:
851# vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT. The Java version of
852# Reingold's/Dershowitz' calculator gives correctly the Gregorian date
853# 2058-03-21 for 1 Farvardin 1437 (astronomical).
854#
855# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-03-22):
856# Several of my users have reported that Iran will not observe DST anymore:
857# http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-17/0603193812164948.htm
858#
859# From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper Norgaard Welen:
860# ... the Guardian Council ... approved a law on Sunday to re-introduce
861# daylight saving time ...
862# http://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKBLA65048420070916
863#
864# From Roozbeh Pournader (2007-11-05):
865# This is quoted from Official Gazette of the Islamic Republic of
866# Iran, Volume 63, Number 18242, dated Tuesday 1386/6/24
867# [2007-10-16]. I am doing the best translation I can:...
868# The official time of the country will be moved forward for one hour
869# on the 24 hours of the first day of the month of Farvardin and will
870# be changed back to its previous state on the 24 hours of the
871# thirtieth day of Shahrivar.
872#
873# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
874Rule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
875Rule Iran 1978 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 S
876Rule Iran 1979 only - Sep 19 0:00 0 S
877Rule Iran 1980 only - Sep 23 0:00 0 S
878Rule Iran 1991 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 D
879Rule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
880Rule Iran 1991 1995 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
881Rule Iran 1996 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
882Rule Iran 1996 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
883Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
884Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
885Rule Iran 2000 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
886Rule Iran 2000 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
887Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
888Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
889Rule Iran 2004 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
890Rule Iran 2004 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
891Rule Iran 2005 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
892Rule Iran 2005 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
893Rule Iran 2008 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
894Rule Iran 2008 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
895Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
896Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
897Rule Iran 2012 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
898Rule Iran 2012 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
899Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
900Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
901Rule Iran 2016 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
902Rule Iran 2016 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
903Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
904Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
905Rule Iran 2020 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
906Rule Iran 2020 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
907Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
908Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
909Rule Iran 2024 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
910Rule Iran 2024 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
911Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
912Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
913Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
914Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
915Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
916Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
917Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
918Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
919Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
920Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
921Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
922Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
923# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
924Zone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916
925 3:25:44 - TMT 1946 # Tehran Mean Time
926 3:30 - IRST 1977 Nov
927 4:00 Iran IR%sT 1979
928 3:30 Iran IR%sT
929
930
931# Iraq
932#
933# From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12):
934# An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in
935# the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph:
936# "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and
937# are an hour ahead of Baghdad."
938#
939# But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows:
940# In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi
941# Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time. They referred
942# to daylight saving as Saddam time. But, as of today, the time zone
943# in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq.
944#
945# So we'll ignore the Economist's claim.
946
947# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-10):
948# The cabinet in Iraq abolished DST last week, according to the following
949# news sources (in Arabic):
950# <a href="http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html">
951# http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html
952# </a>
953# <a href="http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10">
954# http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10
955# </a>
956#
957# We have published a short article in English about the change:
958# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html">
959# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html
960# </a>
961
962# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
963Rule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
964Rule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
965Rule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
966Rule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
967Rule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 S
968Rule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 D
969# IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the `:01' is a typo.
970# Shanks & Pottenger say Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997; ignore this.
971#
972Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 D
973Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Oct 1 3:00s 0 S
974# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
975Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890
976 2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time?
977 3:00 - AST 1982 May
978 3:00 Iraq A%sT
979
980
981###############################################################################
982
983# Israel
984
985# From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11):
986#
987# I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988. Until then there were three
988# different abbreviations in use:
989#
990# JST Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University]
991# IZT Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion]
992# EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else]
993#
994# Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities,
995# I ruled out JST. As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe,
996# EEST was equally unacceptable. Since "zonal" was not compatible with
997# any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go
998# and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone
999# settings in Israeli computers.
1000#
1001# In any case, I am happy to share timezone abbreviations with India,
1002# high on my favorite-country list (and not only because my wife's
1003# family is from India).
1004
1005# From Shanks & Pottenger:
1006# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1007Rule Zion 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
1008Rule Zion 1942 1944 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
1009Rule Zion 1943 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
1010Rule Zion 1944 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
1011Rule Zion 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D
1012Rule Zion 1945 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 S
1013Rule Zion 1946 only - Apr 16 2:00 1:00 D
1014Rule Zion 1946 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
1015Rule Zion 1948 only - May 23 0:00 2:00 DD
1016Rule Zion 1948 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D
1017Rule Zion 1948 1949 - Nov 1 2:00 0 S
1018Rule Zion 1949 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
1019Rule Zion 1950 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D
1020Rule Zion 1950 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 S
1021Rule Zion 1951 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
1022Rule Zion 1951 only - Nov 11 3:00 0 S
1023Rule Zion 1952 only - Apr 20 2:00 1:00 D
1024Rule Zion 1952 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 S
1025Rule Zion 1953 only - Apr 12 2:00 1:00 D
1026Rule Zion 1953 only - Sep 13 3:00 0 S
1027Rule Zion 1954 only - Jun 13 0:00 1:00 D
1028Rule Zion 1954 only - Sep 12 0:00 0 S
1029Rule Zion 1955 only - Jun 11 2:00 1:00 D
1030Rule Zion 1955 only - Sep 11 0:00 0 S
1031Rule Zion 1956 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D
1032Rule Zion 1956 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 S
1033Rule Zion 1957 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 D
1034Rule Zion 1957 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
1035Rule Zion 1974 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 D
1036Rule Zion 1974 only - Oct 13 0:00 0 S
1037Rule Zion 1975 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 D
1038Rule Zion 1975 only - Aug 31 0:00 0 S
1039Rule Zion 1985 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 D
1040Rule Zion 1985 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S
1041Rule Zion 1986 only - May 18 0:00 1:00 D
1042Rule Zion 1986 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S
1043Rule Zion 1987 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D
1044Rule Zion 1987 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
1045Rule Zion 1988 only - Apr 9 0:00 1:00 D
1046Rule Zion 1988 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
1047
1048# From Ephraim Silverberg
1049# (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17, 2000-07-25, 2004-12-22,
1050# and 2005-02-17):
1051
1052# According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of
1053# Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes.
1054# One thing is entrenched in law, however: that there must be at least 150
1055# days of daylight savings time annually. From 1993-1998, the change to
1056# daylight savings time was on a Friday morning from midnight IST to
1057# 1 a.m IDT; up until 1998, the change back to standard time was on a
1058# Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time to 11 p.m. standard
1059# time. 1996 is an exception to this rule where the change back to standard
1060# time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday night to avoid
1061# conflicts with the Jewish New Year. In 1999, the change to
1062# daylight savings time was still on a Friday morning but from
1063# 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time
1064# was also on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST for
1065# 1999 only. In the year 2000, the change to daylight savings time was
1066# similar to 1999, but although the change back will be on a Friday, it
1067# will take place from 1 a.m. IDT to midnight IST. Starting in 2001, all
1068# changes to/from will take place at 1 a.m. old time, but now there is no
1069# rule as to what day of the week it will take place in as the start date
1070# (except in 2003) is the night after the Passover Seder (i.e. the eve
1071# of the 16th of Nisan in the lunar Hebrew calendar) and the end date
1072# (except in 2002) is three nights before Yom Kippur [Day of Atonement]
1073# (the eve of the 7th of Tishrei in the lunar Hebrew calendar).
1074
1075# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1076Rule Zion 1989 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D
1077Rule Zion 1989 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
1078Rule Zion 1990 only - Mar 25 0:00 1:00 D
1079Rule Zion 1990 only - Aug 26 0:00 0 S
1080Rule Zion 1991 only - Mar 24 0:00 1:00 D
1081Rule Zion 1991 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 S
1082Rule Zion 1992 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 D
1083Rule Zion 1992 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S
1084Rule Zion 1993 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 D
1085Rule Zion 1993 only - Sep 5 0:00 0 S
1086
1087# The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the
1088# Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel. The spokeswoman can be reached by
1089# calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448.
1090
1091# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1092Rule Zion 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
1093Rule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0 S
1094Rule Zion 1995 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
1095Rule Zion 1995 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
1096
1097# The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the
1098# time, Haim Ramon. The official announcement regarding 1996-1998
1099# (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at:
1100#
1101# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz
1102#
1103# The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa.
1104#
1105# The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at:
1106#
1107# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz
1108#
1109# where YYYY is the relevant year.
1110
1111# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1112Rule Zion 1996 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D
1113Rule Zion 1996 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S
1114Rule Zion 1997 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1115Rule Zion 1997 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S
1116Rule Zion 1998 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 D
1117Rule Zion 1998 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S
1118Rule Zion 1999 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 D
1119Rule Zion 1999 only - Sep 3 2:00 0 S
1120
1121# The Knesset Interior Committee has changed the dates for 2000 for
1122# the third time in just over a year and have set new dates for the
1123# years 2001-2004 as well.
1124#
1125# The official announcement for the start date of 2000 can be viewed at:
1126#
1127# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-start.ps.gz
1128#
1129# The official announcement for the end date of 2000 and the dates
1130# for the years 2001-2004 can be viewed at:
1131#
1132# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2004.ps.gz
1133
1134# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1135Rule Zion 2000 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
1136Rule Zion 2000 only - Oct 6 1:00 0 S
1137Rule Zion 2001 only - Apr 9 1:00 1:00 D
1138Rule Zion 2001 only - Sep 24 1:00 0 S
1139Rule Zion 2002 only - Mar 29 1:00 1:00 D
1140Rule Zion 2002 only - Oct 7 1:00 0 S
1141Rule Zion 2003 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 D
1142Rule Zion 2003 only - Oct 3 1:00 0 S
1143Rule Zion 2004 only - Apr 7 1:00 1:00 D
1144Rule Zion 2004 only - Sep 22 1:00 0 S
1145
1146# The proposed law agreed upon by the Knesset Interior Committee on
1147# 2005-02-14 is that, for 2005 and beyond, DST starts at 02:00 the
1148# last Friday before April 2nd (i.e. the last Friday in March or April
1149# 1st itself if it falls on a Friday) and ends at 02:00 on the Saturday
1150# night _before_ the fast of Yom Kippur.
1151#
1152# Those who can read Hebrew can view the announcement at:
1153#
1154# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2005+beyond.ps
1155
1156# From Paul Eggert (2005-02-22):
1157# I used Ephraim Silverberg's dst-israel.el program
1158# <ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/software/dst-israel.el> (2005-02-20)
1159# along with Ed Reingold's cal-hebrew in GNU Emacs 21.4,
1160# to generate the transitions in this list.
1161# (I replaced "lastFri" with "Fri>=26" by hand.)
1162# The spring transitions below all correspond to the following Rule:
1163#
1164# Rule Zion 2005 max - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
1165#
1166# but older zic implementations (e.g., Solaris 8) do not support
1167# "Fri>=26" to mean April 1 in years like 2005, so for now we list the
1168# springtime transitions explicitly.
1169
1170# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1171Rule Zion 2005 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
1172Rule Zion 2005 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S
1173Rule Zion 2006 2010 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
1174Rule Zion 2006 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 S
1175Rule Zion 2007 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S
1176Rule Zion 2008 only - Oct 5 2:00 0 S
1177Rule Zion 2009 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S
1178Rule Zion 2010 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S
1179Rule Zion 2011 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
1180Rule Zion 2011 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S
1181Rule Zion 2012 2015 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
1182Rule Zion 2012 only - Sep 23 2:00 0 S
1183Rule Zion 2013 only - Sep 8 2:00 0 S
1184Rule Zion 2014 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S
1185Rule Zion 2015 only - Sep 20 2:00 0 S
1186Rule Zion 2016 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
1187Rule Zion 2016 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S
1188Rule Zion 2017 2021 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
1189Rule Zion 2017 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S
1190Rule Zion 2018 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S
1191Rule Zion 2019 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S
1192Rule Zion 2020 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S
1193Rule Zion 2021 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S
1194Rule Zion 2022 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
1195Rule Zion 2022 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S
1196Rule Zion 2023 2032 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
1197Rule Zion 2023 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S
1198Rule Zion 2024 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S
1199Rule Zion 2025 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S
1200Rule Zion 2026 only - Sep 20 2:00 0 S
1201Rule Zion 2027 only - Oct 10 2:00 0 S
1202Rule Zion 2028 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S
1203Rule Zion 2029 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S
1204Rule Zion 2030 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S
1205Rule Zion 2031 only - Sep 21 2:00 0 S
1206Rule Zion 2032 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S
1207Rule Zion 2033 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
1208Rule Zion 2033 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S
1209Rule Zion 2034 2037 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
1210Rule Zion 2034 only - Sep 17 2:00 0 S
1211Rule Zion 2035 only - Oct 7 2:00 0 S
1212Rule Zion 2036 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S
1213Rule Zion 2037 only - Sep 13 2:00 0 S
1214
1215# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1216Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:56 - LMT 1880
1217 2:20:40 - JMT 1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time?
1218 2:00 Zion I%sT
1219
1220
1221
1222###############################################################################
1223
1224# Japan
1225
1226# `9:00' and `JST' is from Guy Harris.
1227
1228# From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06):
1229# Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had
1230# daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but ``the system was discontinued
1231# because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours.''
1232
1233# From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times
1234# <http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm>:
1235# Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on
1236# [1948-05-01].... But lack of prior debate and the execution of
1237# daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated
1238# deep hatred of the concept.... The Diet unceremoniously passed a bill to
1239# dump the unpopular system in October 1951, less than a month after the San
1240# Francisco Peace Treaty was signed. (A government poll in 1951 showed 53%
1241# of the Japanese wanted to scrap daylight-saving time, as opposed to 30% who
1242# wanted to keep it.)
1243
1244# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1245# Shanks & Pottenger write that DST in Japan during those years was as follows:
1246# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1247Rule Japan 1948 only - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1248Rule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sat>=8 2:00 0 S
1249Rule Japan 1949 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1250Rule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1251# but the only locations using it (for birth certificates, presumably, since
1252# their audience is astrologers) were US military bases. For now, assume
1253# that for most purposes daylight-saving time was observed; otherwise, what
1254# would have been the point of the 1951 poll?
1255
1256# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09):
1257# 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical
1258# Observatory: E 139 44' 40".90 (9h 18m 58s.727), N 35 39' 16".0.
1259# This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996'
1260# edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan....
1261# JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST).
1262# The law is enacted on 1886-07-07.
1263
1264# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16):
1265# The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan,
1266# which stands for the time on E 135 degree.
1267# In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central
1268# standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard
1269# time", which stands for the time on E 120 degree.... But "western standard
1270# time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No.
1271# 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is
1272# standard....
1273#
1274# I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate.
1275# In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor.
1276
1277# Shanks & Pottenger claim JST in use since 1896, and that a few
1278# places (e.g. Ishigaki) use +0800; go with Suzuki. Guess that all
1279# ordinances took effect on Jan 1.
1280
1281# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1282Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u
1283 9:00 - JST 1896
1284 9:00 - CJT 1938
1285 9:00 Japan J%sT
1286# Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo.
1287
1288# Jordan
1289#
1290# From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html">
1291# Jordan Week (1999-07-01) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
1292# Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight,
1293# in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time
1294# all year round.
1295#
1296# From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html">
1297# Jordan Week (1999-09-30) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09):
1298# Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back
1299# by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final!
1300# The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in
1301# government's departments from six to seven hours.
1302#
1303# From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
1304# Starting 2003 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
1305#
1306# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23):
1307# For Jordan I have received multiple independent user reports every year
1308# about DST end dates, as the end-rule is different every year.
1309#
1310# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-10-01), after a heads-up from Hilal Malawi:
1311# http://www.petranews.gov.jo/nepras/2006/Sep/05/4000.htm
1312# "Jordan will switch to winter time on Friday, October 27".
1313#
1314
1315# From Phil Pizzey (2009-04-02):
1316# ...I think I may have spotted an error in the timezone data for
1317# Jordan.
1318# The current (2009d) asia file shows Jordan going to daylight
1319# saving
1320# time on the last Thursday in March.
1321#
1322# Rule Jordan 2000 max - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S
1323#
1324# However timeanddate.com, which I usually find reliable, shows Jordan
1325# going to daylight saving time on the last Friday in March since 2002.
1326# Please see
1327# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=11">
1328# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=11
1329# </a>
1330
1331# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-02):
1332# This single one might be good enough, (2009-03-24, Arabic):
1333# <a href="http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279">
1334# http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279
1335# </a>
1336#
1337# Google's translation:
1338#
1339# > The Council of Ministers decided in 2002 to adopt the principle of timely
1340# > submission of the summer at 60 minutes as of midnight on the last Thursday
1341# > of the month of March of each year.
1342#
1343# So - this means the midnight between Thursday and Friday since 2002.
1344
1345# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-06):
1346# We still have Jordan switching to DST on Thursdays in 2000 and 2001.
1347
1348# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1349Rule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 S
1350Rule Jordan 1973 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1351Rule Jordan 1974 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1352Rule Jordan 1976 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
1353Rule Jordan 1977 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1354Rule Jordan 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
1355Rule Jordan 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
1356Rule Jordan 1985 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1357Rule Jordan 1985 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1358Rule Jordan 1986 1988 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
1359Rule Jordan 1986 1990 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
1360Rule Jordan 1989 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S
1361Rule Jordan 1990 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 S
1362Rule Jordan 1991 only - Apr 17 0:00 1:00 S
1363Rule Jordan 1991 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 -
1364Rule Jordan 1992 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S
1365Rule Jordan 1992 1993 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
1366Rule Jordan 1993 1998 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
1367Rule Jordan 1994 only - Sep Fri>=15 0:00 0 -
1368Rule Jordan 1995 1998 - Sep Fri>=15 0:00s 0 -
1369Rule Jordan 1999 only - Jul 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1370Rule Jordan 1999 2002 - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 -
1371Rule Jordan 2000 2001 - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S
1372Rule Jordan 2002 max - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S
1373Rule Jordan 2003 only - Oct 24 0:00s 0 -
1374Rule Jordan 2004 only - Oct 15 0:00s 0 -
1375Rule Jordan 2005 only - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 -
1376Rule Jordan 2006 max - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 -
1377# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1378Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931
1379 2:00 Jordan EE%sT
1380
1381
1382# Kazakhstan
1383
1384# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
1385# Andrew Evtichov (1996-04-13) writes that Kazakhstan
1386# stayed in sync with Moscow after 1990, and that Aqtobe (formerly Aktyubinsk)
1387# and Aqtau (formerly Shevchenko) are the largest cities in their zones.
1388# Guess that Aqtau and Aqtobe diverged in 1995, since that's the first time
1389# IATA SSIM mentions a third time zone in Kazakhstan.
1390
1391# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1392# German Iofis, ELSI, Almaty (2001-10-09) reports that Kazakhstan uses
1393# RussiaAsia rules, instead of switching at 00:00 as the IATA has it.
1394# Go with Shanks & Pottenger, who have them always using RussiaAsia rules.
1395# Also go with the following claims of Shanks & Pottenger:
1396#
1397# - Kazakhstan did not observe DST in 1991.
1398# - Qyzylorda switched from +5:00 to +6:00 on 1992-01-19 02:00.
1399# - Oral switched from +5:00 to +4:00 in spring 1989.
1400
1401# <a href="http://www.kazsociety.org.uk/news/2005/03/30.htm">
1402# From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin #11 (2005-03-21):
1403# </a>
1404# The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing
1405# daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health
1406# complications coupled with a decrease in productivity.
1407#
1408# From Branislav Kojic (in Astana) via Gwillim Law (2005-06-28):
1409# ... what happened was that the former Kazakhstan Eastern time zone
1410# was "blended" with the Central zone. Therefore, Kazakhstan now has
1411# two time zones, and difference between them is one hour. The zone
1412# closer to UTC is the former Western zone (probably still called the
1413# same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqtobe, Atyrau,
1414# Mangghystau, and West Kazakhstan. The other zone encompasses
1415# everything else.... I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones
1416# de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively.
1417
1418#
1419# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1420#
1421# Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan
1422Zone Asia/Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Alma-Ata
1423 5:00 - ALMT 1930 Jun 21 # Alma-Ata Time
1424 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 1991
1425 6:00 - ALMT 1992
1426 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 2005 Mar 15
1427 6:00 - ALMT
1428# Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.)
1429Zone Asia/Qyzylorda 4:21:52 - LMT 1924 May 2
1430 4:00 - KIZT 1930 Jun 21 # Kizilorda Time
1431 5:00 - KIZT 1981 Apr 1
1432 5:00 1:00 KIZST 1981 Oct 1
1433 6:00 - KIZT 1982 Apr 1
1434 5:00 RussiaAsia KIZ%sT 1991
1435 5:00 - KIZT 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1436 5:00 - QYZT 1992 Jan 19 2:00
1437 6:00 RussiaAsia QYZ%sT 2005 Mar 15
1438 6:00 - QYZT
1439# Aqtobe (aka Aktobe, formerly Akt'ubinsk)
1440Zone Asia/Aqtobe 3:48:40 - LMT 1924 May 2
1441 4:00 - AKTT 1930 Jun 21 # Aktyubinsk Time
1442 5:00 - AKTT 1981 Apr 1
1443 5:00 1:00 AKTST 1981 Oct 1
1444 6:00 - AKTT 1982 Apr 1
1445 5:00 RussiaAsia AKT%sT 1991
1446 5:00 - AKTT 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1447 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Aqtobe Time
1448 5:00 - AQTT
1449# Mangghystau
1450# Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region,
1451# so include time stamps before 1963.
1452Zone Asia/Aqtau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May 2
1453 4:00 - FORT 1930 Jun 21 # Fort Shevchenko T
1454 5:00 - FORT 1963
1455 5:00 - SHET 1981 Oct 1 # Shevchenko Time
1456 6:00 - SHET 1982 Apr 1
1457 5:00 RussiaAsia SHE%sT 1991
1458 5:00 - SHET 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1459 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 1995 Mar lastSun 2:00 # Aqtau Time
1460 4:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15
1461 5:00 - AQTT
1462# West Kazakhstan
1463Zone Asia/Oral 3:25:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ural'sk
1464 4:00 - URAT 1930 Jun 21 # Ural'sk time
1465 5:00 - URAT 1981 Apr 1
1466 5:00 1:00 URAST 1981 Oct 1
1467 6:00 - URAT 1982 Apr 1
1468 5:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00
1469 4:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1991
1470 4:00 - URAT 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1471 4:00 RussiaAsia ORA%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Oral Time
1472 5:00 - ORAT
1473
1474# Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan)
1475# Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger.
1476
1477# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15):
1478# According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway
1479# <http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml>
1480# Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system. I take the article
1481# to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC.
1482# From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21):
1483# Our government cancels daylight saving time 6th of August 2005.
1484# From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving.
1485
1486# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1487Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Apr Sun>=7 0:00s 1:00 S
1488Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1489Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:30 1:00 S
1490Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2004 - Oct lastSun 2:30 0 -
1491# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1492Zone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
1493 5:00 - FRUT 1930 Jun 21 # Frunze Time
1494 6:00 RussiaAsia FRU%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1495 5:00 1:00 FRUST 1991 Aug 31 2:00 # independence
1496 5:00 Kyrgyz KG%sT 2005 Aug 12 # Kyrgyzstan Time
1497 6:00 - KGT
1498
1499###############################################################################
1500
1501# Korea (North and South)
1502
1503# From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10) in
1504# <http://www.koreaherald.co.kr/SITE/data/html_dir/2006/07/10/200607100012.asp>:
1505# The Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy has already
1506# commissioned a research project [to reintroduce DST] and has said
1507# the system may begin as early as 2008.... Korea ran a daylight
1508# saving program from 1949-61 but stopped it during the 1950-53 Korean War.
1509
1510# From Shanks & Pottenger:
1511# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1512Rule ROK 1960 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D
1513Rule ROK 1960 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
1514Rule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 D
1515Rule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
1516
1517# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1518Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1890
1519 8:30 - KST 1904 Dec
1520 9:00 - KST 1928
1521 8:30 - KST 1932
1522 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
1523 8:00 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10
1524 8:30 - KST 1968 Oct
1525 9:00 ROK K%sT
1526Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1890
1527 8:30 - KST 1904 Dec
1528 9:00 - KST 1928
1529 8:30 - KST 1932
1530 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
1531 8:00 - KST 1961 Aug 10
1532 9:00 - KST
1533
1534###############################################################################
1535
1536# Kuwait
1537# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1538# From the Arab Times (2007-03-14):
1539# The Civil Service Commission (CSC) has approved a proposal forwarded
1540# by MP Ahmad Baqer on implementing the daylight saving time (DST) in
1541# Kuwait starting from April until the end of Sept this year, reports Al-Anba.
1542# <http://www.arabtimesonline.com/arabtimes/kuwait/Viewdet.asp?ID=9950>.
1543# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29):
1544# We don't know the details, or whether the approval means it'll happen,
1545# so for now we assume no DST.
1546Zone Asia/Kuwait 3:11:56 - LMT 1950
1547 3:00 - AST
1548
1549# Laos
1550# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1551Zone Asia/Vientiane 6:50:24 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 # or Viangchan
1552 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
1553 7:00 - ICT 1912 May
1554 8:00 - ICT 1931 May
1555 7:00 - ICT
1556
1557# Lebanon
1558# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1559Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S
1560Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 -
1561Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
1562Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
1563Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
1564Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
1565Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S
1566Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
1567Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1568Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1569Rule Lebanon 1972 only - Jun 22 0:00 1:00 S
1570Rule Lebanon 1972 1977 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1571Rule Lebanon 1973 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1572Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
1573Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
1574Rule Lebanon 1984 1987 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1575Rule Lebanon 1984 1991 - Oct 16 0:00 0 -
1576Rule Lebanon 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
1577Rule Lebanon 1989 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
1578Rule Lebanon 1990 1992 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1579Rule Lebanon 1992 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
1580Rule Lebanon 1993 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
1581Rule Lebanon 1993 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1582Rule Lebanon 1999 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
1583# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1584Zone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880
1585 2:00 Lebanon EE%sT
1586
1587# Malaysia
1588# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1589Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 TS # one-Third Summer
1590Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 -
1591#
1592# peninsular Malaysia
1593# The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
1594# <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>.
1595# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1596Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
1597 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
1598 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time
1599 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1
1600 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1
1601 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16
1602 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
1603 7:30 - MALT 1982 Jan 1
1604 8:00 - MYT # Malaysia Time
1605# Sabah & Sarawak
1606# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1607# The data here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945 and 1982
1608# transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng.
1609# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1610Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar
1611 7:30 - BORT 1933 # Borneo Time
1612 8:00 NBorneo BOR%sT 1942 Feb 16
1613 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
1614 8:00 - BORT 1982 Jan 1
1615 8:00 - MYT
1616
1617# Maldives
1618# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1619Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Male
1620 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Male Mean Time
1621 5:00 - MVT # Maldives Time
1622
1623# Mongolia
1624
1625# Shanks & Pottenger say that Mongolia has three time zones, but
1626# usno1995 and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World (2005-03)
1627# both say that it has just one.
1628
1629# From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11):
1630# <a href="http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm">
1631# General Information Mongolia
1632# </a> (1999-09)
1633# "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of
1634# Bayan-Ulgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and
1635# the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus
1636# eight hours."
1637
1638# From Rives McDow (1999-12-13):
1639# Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998
1640# being the last year it was implemented. The dates of implementation I am
1641# unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time
1642# of implementation may have been different....
1643# Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time
1644# zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod,
1645# Suhbaatar, and possibly Khentij.
1646
1647# From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15):
1648# Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia.
1649# We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone;
1650# the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us,
1651# and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd
1652# is good enough for our purposes.
1653
1654# From Rives McDow (2001-05-13):
1655# In addition to Mongolia starting daylight savings as reported earlier
1656# (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28),
1657# there are three time zones.
1658#
1659# Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-ulgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai
1660# Provinces [at 8:00]: Khovsgol, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Tov,
1661# Bayankhongor, Ovorkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Omnogovi
1662# Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sukhbaatar
1663#
1664# [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.]
1665
1666# From Ganbold Ts., Ulaanbaatar (2004-04-17):
1667# Daylight saving occurs at 02:00 local time last Saturday of March.
1668# It will change back to normal at 02:00 local time last Saturday of
1669# September.... As I remember this rule was changed in 2001.
1670#
1671# From Paul Eggert (2004-04-17):
1672# For now, assume Rives McDow's informant got confused about Friday vs
1673# Saturday, and that his 2001 dates should have 1 added to them.
1674
1675# From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26):
1676# We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones.
1677# Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says
1678# there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft
1679# Windows XP as the source. Risto Nykanen (2005-05-16) reports that
1680# travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UTC+7, UTC+8) with no DST.
1681# Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in
1682# Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed.
1683# He also found
1684# <http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1&>
1685# which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius"
1686# (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones.
1687# The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT
1688# and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sukhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT.
1689# The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the
1690# parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session."
1691# For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation.
1692
1693# From Ganbold Ts. (2007-02-26):
1694# Parliament of Mongolia has just changed the daylight-saving rule in February.
1695# They decided not to adopt daylight-saving time....
1696# http://www.mongolnews.mn/index.php?module=unuudur&sec=view&id=15742
1697
1698# From Deborah Goldsmith (2008-03-30):
1699# We received a bug report claiming that the tz database UTC offset for
1700# Asia/Choibalsan (GMT+09:00) is incorrect, and that it should be GMT
1701# +08:00 instead. Different sources appear to disagree with the tz
1702# database on this, e.g.:
1703#
1704# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026">
1705# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026
1706# </a>
1707# <a href="http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx">
1708# http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx
1709# </a>
1710#
1711# both say GMT+08:00.
1712
1713# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-31):
1714# eznis airways, which operates several domestic flights, has a flight
1715# schedule here:
1716# <a href="http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112">
1717# http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112
1718# </a>
1719# (click the English flag for English)
1720#
1721# There it appears that flights between Choibalsan and Ulaanbatar arrive
1722# about 1:35 - 1:50 hours later in local clock time, no matter the
1723# direction, while Ulaanbaatar-Khvod takes 2 hours in the Eastern
1724# direction and 3:35 back, which indicates that Ulaanbatar and Khvod are
1725# in different time zones (like we know about), while Choibalsan and
1726# Ulaanbatar are in the same time zone (correction needed).
1727
1728# From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
1729# Assume that Choibalsan is indeed offset by 8:00.
1730# XXX--in the absence of better information, assume that transition
1731# was at the start of 2008-03-31 (the day of Steffen Thorsen's report);
1732# this is almost surely wrong.
1733
1734# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1735Rule Mongol 1983 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1736Rule Mongol 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1737# Shanks & Pottenger and IATA SSIM say 1990s switches occurred at 00:00,
1738# but McDow says the 2001 switches occurred at 02:00. Also, IATA SSIM
1739# (1996-09) says 1996-10-25. Go with Shanks & Pottenger through 1998.
1740#
1741# Shanks & Pottenger say that the Sept. 1984 through Sept. 1990 switches
1742# in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Sukhbaatar) took place
1743# at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00 local time as in the rest of
1744# the country. That would be odd, and possibly is a result of their
1745# correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly
1746# in the latest edition; so ignore it for now.
1747
1748Rule Mongol 1985 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
1749Rule Mongol 1984 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1750# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST.
1751Rule Mongol 2001 only - Apr lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
1752Rule Mongol 2001 2006 - Sep lastSat 2:00 0 -
1753Rule Mongol 2002 2006 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
1754
1755# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1756# Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta
1757Zone Asia/Hovd 6:06:36 - LMT 1905 Aug
1758 6:00 - HOVT 1978 # Hovd Time
1759 7:00 Mongol HOV%sT
1760# Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga
1761Zone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug
1762 7:00 - ULAT 1978 # Ulaanbaatar Time
1763 8:00 Mongol ULA%sT
1764# Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tuemen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan,
1765# Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan
1766Zone Asia/Choibalsan 7:38:00 - LMT 1905 Aug
1767 7:00 - ULAT 1978
1768 8:00 - ULAT 1983 Apr
1769 9:00 Mongol CHO%sT 2008 Mar 31 # Choibalsan Time
1770 8:00 Mongol CHO%sT
1771
1772# Nepal
1773# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1774Zone Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920
1775 5:30 - IST 1986
1776 5:45 - NPT # Nepal Time
1777
1778# Oman
1779# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1780Zone Asia/Muscat 3:54:20 - LMT 1920
1781 4:00 - GST
1782
1783# Pakistan
1784
1785# From Rives McDow (2002-03-13):
1786# I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a
1787# TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002
1788# and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002. This is what I was
1789# told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the
1790# 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on.
1791
1792# From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15):
1793# Jesper Norgaard found this URL:
1794# http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm
1795# (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to
1796# advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first
1797# Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on
1798# 15th October each year". This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00,
1799# but disagrees about the October transition, and makes it sound like
1800# it's not on a trial basis. Also, the "between the first Saturday
1801# and Sunday of April" phrase, if taken literally, means that the
1802# transition takes place at 00:00 on the first Sunday on or after 04-02.
1803
1804# From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09):
1805# DAWN <http://www.dawn.com/2002/10/06/top13.htm> reported on 2002-10-05
1806# that 2002 DST ended that day at midnight. Go with McDow for now.
1807
1808# From Steffen Thorsen (2003-03-14):
1809# According to http://www.dawn.com/2003/03/07/top15.htm
1810# there will be no DST in Pakistan this year:
1811#
1812# ISLAMABAD, March 6: Information and Media Development Minister Sheikh
1813# Rashid Ahmed on Thursday said the cabinet had reversed a previous
1814# decision to advance clocks by one hour in summer and put them back by
1815# one hour in winter with the aim of saving light hours and energy.
1816#
1817# The minister told a news conference that the experiment had rather
1818# shown 8 per cent higher consumption of electricity.
1819
1820# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-15):
1821#
1822# Here is an article that Pakistan plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time
1823# on June 1, 2008 for 3 months.
1824#
1825# "... The federal cabinet on Wednesday announced a new conservation plan to help
1826# reduce load shedding by approving the closure of commercial centres at 9pm and
1827# moving clocks forward by one hour for the next three months.
1828# ...."
1829#
1830# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html">
1831# http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html
1832# </a>
1833# OR
1834# <a href="http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4">
1835# http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4
1836# </a>
1837
1838# From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
1839# XXX--midnight transitions is a guess; 2008 only is a guess.
1840
1841# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28):
1842# Pakistan government has decided to keep the watches one-hour advanced
1843# for another 2 months--plan to return to Standard Time on October 31
1844# instead of August 31.
1845#
1846# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html">
1847# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html
1848# </a>
1849# OR
1850# <a href="http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html">
1851# http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html
1852# </a>
1853
1854# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-04-08):
1855# Based on previous media reports that "... proposed plan to
1856# advance clocks by one hour from May 1 will cause disturbance
1857# to the working schedules rather than bringing discipline in
1858# official working."
1859# <a href="http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280">
1860# http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280
1861# </a>
1862#
1863# recent news that instead of May 2009 - Pakistan plan to
1864# introduce DST from April 15, 2009
1865#
1866# FYI: Associated Press Of Pakistan
1867# April 08, 2009
1868# Cabinet okays proposal to advance clocks by one hour from April 15
1869# <a href="http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1">
1870# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1
1871# </a>
1872#
1873# or
1874#
1875# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html">
1876# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html
1877# </a>
1878#
1879# ....
1880# The Federal Cabinet on Wednesday approved the proposal to
1881# advance clocks in the country by one hour from April 15 to
1882# conserve energy"
1883
1884# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-17):
1885# "The News International," Pakistan reports that: "The Federal
1886# Government has decided to restore the previous time by moving the
1887# clocks backward by one hour from October 1. A formal announcement to
1888# this effect will be made after the Prime Minister grants approval in
1889# this regard."
1890# <a href="http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168">
1891# http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168
1892# </a>
1893
1894# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-28):
1895# According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that
1896# Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from October
1897# 1, 2009.
1898#
1899# "Clocks to go back one hour from 1 Oct"
1900# <a href="http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2">
1901# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2
1902# </a>
1903# or
1904# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm">
1905# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm
1906# </a>
1907
1908# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-29):
1909# Alexander Krivenyshev wrote:
1910# > According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that
1911# > Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from October
1912# > 1, 2009.
1913#
1914# Now they seem to have changed their mind, November 1 is the new date:
1915# <a href="http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742">
1916# http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742
1917# </a>
1918# "The country's clocks will be reversed by one hour on November 1.
1919# Officials of Federal Ministry for Interior told this to Geo News on
1920# Monday."
1921#
1922# And more importantly, it seems that these dates will be kept every year:
1923# "It has now been decided that clocks will be wound forward by one hour
1924# on April 15 and reversed by an hour on November 1 every year without
1925# obtaining prior approval, the officials added."
1926#
1927# We have confirmed this year's end date with both with the Ministry of
1928# Water and Power and the Pakistan Electric Power Company:
1929# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html">
1930# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html
1931# </a>
1932
1933# From Christoph Goehre (2009-10-01):
1934# [T]he German Consulate General in Karachi reported me today that Pakistan
1935# will go back to standard time on 1st of November.
1936
1937# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1938Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Apr Sun>=2 0:01 1:00 S
1939Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Oct Sun>=2 0:01 0 -
1940Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
1941Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
1942Rule Pakistan 2009 max - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S
1943Rule Pakistan 2009 max - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
1944# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1945Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907
1946 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
1947 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15
1948 5:30 - IST 1951 Sep 30
1949 5:00 - KART 1971 Mar 26 # Karachi Time
1950 5:00 Pakistan PK%sT # Pakistan Time
1951
1952# Palestine
1953
1954# From Amos Shapir (1998-02-15):
1955#
1956# From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now
1957# known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule.
1958# Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too...
1959#
1960# The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05
1961# (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no
1962# time zone was affected then). It was never formally annexed to Egypt,
1963# though.
1964#
1965# The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally
1966# annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from
1967# the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the
1968# Trans-Jordan"). So the rules for Jordan for that time apply. Major
1969# towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and
1970# East Jerusalem.
1971#
1972# Both areas were occupied by Israel in June 1967, but not annexed (except
1973# for East Jerusalem). They were on Israel time since then; there might
1974# have been a Military Governor's order about time zones, but I'm not aware
1975# of any (such orders may have been issued semi-annually whenever summer
1976# time was in effect, but maybe the legal aspect of time was just neglected).
1977#
1978# The Palestinian Authority was established in 1993, and got hold of most
1979# towns in the West Bank and Gaza by 1995. I know that in order to
1980# demonstrate...independence, they have been switching to
1981# summer time and back on a different schedule than Israel's, but I don't
1982# know when this was started, or what algorithm is used (most likely the
1983# Jordanian one).
1984#
1985# To summarize, the table should probably look something like that:
1986#
1987# Area \ when | 1918-1947 | 1948-1967 | 1967-1995 | 1996-
1988# ------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------
1989# Israel | Zion | Zion | Zion | Zion
1990# West bank | Zion | Jordan | Zion | Jordan
1991# Gaza | Zion | Egypt | Zion | Jordan
1992#
1993# I guess more info may be available from the PA's web page (if/when they
1994# have one).
1995
1996# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1997# Shanks & Pottenger write that Gaza did not observe DST until 1957, but go
1998# with Shapir and assume that it observed DST from 1940 through 1947,
1999# and that it used Jordanian rules starting in 1996.
2000# We don't yet need a separate entry for the West Bank, since
2001# the only differences between it and Gaza that we know about
2002# occurred before our cutoff date of 1970.
2003# However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries
2004# for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules
2005# to Palestine's rules. If you have more info about this, please
2006# send it to tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for incorporation into future editions.
2007
2008# From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time,
2009# forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg:
2010#
2011# Despite the fact that Israel changed over to daylight savings time
2012# last week, the PLO Authority (PA) has decided not to turn its clocks
2013# one-hour forward at this time. As a sign of independence from Israeli rule,
2014# the PA has decided to implement DST in April.
2015
2016# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20):
2017# Daoud Kuttab writes in
2018# <a href="http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html">
2019# Holiday havoc
2020# </a> (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that
2021# the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15.
2022# I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source).
2023# For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00,
2024# and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October.
2025
2026# From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
2027# Starting 2004 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
2028
2029# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23):
2030# A user from Gaza reported that Gaza made the change early because of
2031# the Ramadan. Next year Ramadan will be even earlier, so I think
2032# there is a good chance next year's end date will be around two weeks
2033# earlier--the same goes for Jordan.
2034
2035# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17):
2036# I was informed by a user in Bethlehem that in Bethlehem it started the
2037# same day as Israel, and after checking with other users in the area, I
2038# was informed that they started DST one day after Israel. I was not
2039# able to find any authoritative sources at the time, nor details if
2040# Gaza changed as well, but presumed Gaza to follow the same rules as
2041# the West Bank.
2042
2043# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-26):
2044# according to the Palestine News Network (2006-09-19):
2045# http://english.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=596&Itemid=5
2046# > The Council of Ministers announced that this year its winter schedule
2047# > will begin early, as of midnight Thursday. It is also time to turn
2048# > back the clocks for winter. Friday will begin an hour late this week.
2049# I guess it is likely that next year's date will be moved as well,
2050# because of the Ramadan.
2051
2052# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2007-09-18):
2053# According to Steffen Thorsen's web site the Gaza Strip and the rest of the
2054# Palestinian territories left DST early on 13.th. of September at 2:00.
2055
2056# From Paul Eggert (2007-09-20):
2057# My understanding is that Gaza and the West Bank disagree even over when
2058# the weekend is (Thursday+Friday versus Friday+Saturday), so I'd be a bit
2059# surprised if they agreed about DST. But for now, assume they agree.
2060# For lack of better information, predict that future changes will be
2061# the 2nd Thursday of September at 02:00.
2062
2063# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28):
2064# Here is an article, that Mideast running on different clocks at Ramadan.
2065#
2066# Gaza Strip (as Egypt) ended DST at midnight Thursday (Aug 28, 2008), while
2067# the West Bank will end Daylight Saving Time at midnight Sunday (Aug 31, 2008).
2068#
2069# <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001">
2070# http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001
2071# </a>
2072# <a href="http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087">
2073# http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087
2074# </a>
2075# or
2076# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html">
2077# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html
2078# </a>
2079
2080# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-26):
2081# According to the Palestine News Network (arabic.pnn.ps), Palestinian
2082# government decided to start Daylight Time on Thursday night March
2083# 26 and continue until the night of 27 September 2009.
2084#
2085# (in Arabic)
2086# <a href="http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850">
2087# http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850
2088# </a>
2089#
2090# or
2091# (English translation)
2092# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html">
2093# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html
2094# </a>
2095
2096# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-31):
2097# Palestine's Council of Ministers announced that they will revert back to
2098# winter time on Friday, 2009-09-04.
2099#
2100# One news source:
2101# <a href="http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158">
2102# http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158
2103# </a>
2104# (Palestinian press agency, Arabic),
2105# Google translate: "Decided that the Palestinian government in Ramallah
2106# headed by Salam Fayyad, the start of work in time for the winter of
2107# 2009, starting on Friday approved the fourth delay Sept. clock sixty
2108# minutes per hour as of Friday morning."
2109#
2110# We are not sure if Gaza will do the same, last year they had a different
2111# end date, we will keep this page updated:
2112# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html">
2113# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html
2114# </a>
2115
2116# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-02):
2117# Seems that Gaza Strip will go back to Winter Time same date as West Bank.
2118#
2119# According to Palestinian Ministry Of Interior, West Bank and Gaza Strip plan
2120# to change time back to Standard time on September 4, 2009.
2121#
2122# "Winter time unite the West Bank and Gaza"
2123# (from Palestinian National Authority):
2124# <a href="http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505
2125# http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505
2126# </a>
2127# or
2128# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html>
2129# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html
2130# </a>
2131
2132# The rules for Egypt are stolen from the `africa' file.
2133# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2134Rule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
2135Rule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2136Rule EgyptAsia 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
2137Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1967 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
2138Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
2139Rule EgyptAsia 1966 only - Oct 1 3:00 0 -
2140
2141Rule Palestine 1999 2005 - Apr Fri>=15 0:00 1:00 S
2142Rule Palestine 1999 2003 - Oct Fri>=15 0:00 0 -
2143Rule Palestine 2004 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
2144Rule Palestine 2005 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
2145Rule Palestine 2006 2008 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
2146Rule Palestine 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
2147Rule Palestine 2007 only - Sep Thu>=8 2:00 0 -
2148Rule Palestine 2008 only - Aug lastFri 2:00 0 -
2149Rule Palestine 2009 max - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
2150Rule Palestine 2009 max - Sep Fri>=1 2:00 0 -
2151
2152# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2153Zone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct
2154 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15
2155 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5
2156 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996
2157 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999
2158 2:00 Palestine EE%sT
2159
2160# Paracel Is
2161# no information
2162
2163# Philippines
2164# On 1844-08-16, Narciso Claveria, governor-general of the
2165# Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to
2166# be immediately followed by 1845-01-01. Robert H. van Gent has a
2167# transcript of the decree in <http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/idl/idl.htm>.
2168# The rest of the data are from Shanks & Pottenger.
2169
2170# From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25):
2171# Tomorrow's Manila Standard reports that the Philippines Department of
2172# Trade and Industry is considering adopting DST this June when the
2173# rainy season begins. See
2174# <http://www.manilastandardtoday.com/?page=politics02_april26_2006>.
2175# For now, we'll ignore this, since it's not definite and we lack details.
2176#
2177# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-04-26):
2178# ... claims that Philippines had DST last time in 1990:
2179# http://story.philippinetimes.com/p.x/ct/9/id/145be20cc6b121c0/cid/3e5bbccc730d258c/
2180# [a story dated 2006-04-25 by Cris Larano of Dow Jones Newswires,
2181# but no details]
2182
2183# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2184Rule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 S
2185Rule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 -
2186Rule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 S
2187Rule Phil 1954 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 -
2188Rule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 S
2189Rule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
2190# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2191Zone Asia/Manila -15:56:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
2192 8:04:00 - LMT 1899 May 11
2193 8:00 Phil PH%sT 1942 May
2194 9:00 - JST 1944 Nov
2195 8:00 Phil PH%sT
2196
2197# Qatar
2198# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2199Zone Asia/Qatar 3:26:08 - LMT 1920 # Al Dawhah / Doha
2200 4:00 - GST 1972 Jun
2201 3:00 - AST
2202
2203# Saudi Arabia
2204# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2205Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1950
2206 3:00 - AST
2207
2208# Singapore
2209# The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
2210# <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>.
2211# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2212Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
2213 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
2214 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time
2215 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1
2216 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1
2217 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16
2218 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
2219 7:30 - MALT 1965 Aug 9 # independence
2220 7:30 - SGT 1982 Jan 1 # Singapore Time
2221 8:00 - SGT
2222
2223# Spratly Is
2224# no information
2225
2226# Sri Lanka
2227# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
2228# "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout"
2229# (www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html, 1996-05-24,
2230# no longer available as of 1999-08-17)
2231# reported ``the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at
2232# midnight Friday (1830 GMT) `in the light of the present power crisis'.''
2233#
2234# From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted
2235# by Shamindra in
2236# <a href="news:54rka5$m5h@mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net">
2237# Daily News - Hot News Section (1996-10-26)
2238# </a>:
2239# With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996
2240# Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT.
2241
2242# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-04-14), quoting Sri Lanka News Online
2243# <http://news.sinhalaya.com/wmview.php?ArtID=11002> (2006-04-13):
2244# 0030 hrs on April 15, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006 +30 minutes)
2245# at present, become 2400 hours of April 14, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006).
2246
2247# From Peter Apps and Ranga Sirila of Reuters (2006-04-12) in:
2248# <http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=scienceNews&storyID=2006-04-12T172228Z_01_COL295762_RTRIDST_0_SCIENCE-SRILANKA-TIME-DC.XML>
2249# [The Tamil Tigers] never accepted the original 1996 time change and simply
2250# kept their clocks set five and a half hours ahead of Greenwich Mean
2251# Time (GMT), in line with neighbor India.
2252# From Paul Eggert (2006-04-18):
2253# People who live in regions under Tamil control can use [TZ='Asia/Kolkata'],
2254# as that zone has agreed with the Tamil areas since our cutoff date of 1970.
2255
2256# From K Sethu (2006-04-25):
2257# I think the abbreviation LKT originated from the world of computers at
2258# the time of or subsequent to the time zone changes by SL Government
2259# twice in 1996 and probably SL Government or its standardization
2260# agencies never declared an abbreviation as a national standard.
2261#
2262# I recollect before the recent change the government annoucemments
2263# mentioning it as simply changing Sri Lanka Standard Time or Sri Lanka
2264# Time and no mention was made about the abbreviation.
2265#
2266# If we look at Sri Lanka Department of Government's "Official News
2267# Website of Sri Lanka" ... http://www.news.lk/ we can see that they
2268# use SLT as abbreviation in time stamp at the beginning of each news
2269# item....
2270#
2271# Within Sri Lanka I think LKT is well known among computer users and
2272# adminsitrators. In my opinion SLT may not be a good choice because the
2273# nation's largest telcom / internet operator Sri Lanka Telcom is well
2274# known by that abbreviation - simply as SLT (there IP domains are
2275# slt.lk and sltnet.lk).
2276#
2277# But if indeed our government has adopted SLT as standard abbreviation
2278# (that we have not known so far) then it is better that it be used for
2279# all computers.
2280
2281# From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25):
2282# One possibility is that we wait for a bit for the dust to settle down
2283# and then see what people actually say in practice.
2284
2285# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2286Zone Asia/Colombo 5:19:24 - LMT 1880
2287 5:19:32 - MMT 1906 # Moratuwa Mean Time
2288 5:30 - IST 1942 Jan 5
2289 5:30 0:30 IHST 1942 Sep
2290 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 16 2:00
2291 5:30 - IST 1996 May 25 0:00
2292 6:30 - LKT 1996 Oct 26 0:30
2293 6:00 - LKT 2006 Apr 15 0:30
2294 5:30 - IST
2295
2296# Syria
2297# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2298Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S
2299Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
2300Rule Syria 1962 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 S
2301Rule Syria 1962 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2302Rule Syria 1963 1965 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S
2303Rule Syria 1963 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
2304Rule Syria 1964 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2305Rule Syria 1965 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
2306Rule Syria 1966 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 S
2307Rule Syria 1966 1976 - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2308Rule Syria 1967 1978 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S
2309Rule Syria 1977 1978 - Sep 1 2:00 0 -
2310Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Apr 9 2:00 1:00 S
2311Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2312Rule Syria 1986 only - Feb 16 2:00 1:00 S
2313Rule Syria 1986 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 -
2314Rule Syria 1987 only - Mar 1 2:00 1:00 S
2315Rule Syria 1987 1988 - Oct 31 2:00 0 -
2316Rule Syria 1988 only - Mar 15 2:00 1:00 S
2317Rule Syria 1989 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
2318Rule Syria 1989 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2319Rule Syria 1990 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 S
2320Rule Syria 1990 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
2321Rule Syria 1991 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
2322Rule Syria 1991 1992 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2323Rule Syria 1992 only - Apr 8 0:00 1:00 S
2324Rule Syria 1993 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
2325Rule Syria 1993 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 -
2326# IATA SSIM (1998-02) says 1998-04-02;
2327# (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; (1999-02) says 1999-04-02,
2328# 2000-04-02, and 2001-04-02; (1999-09) says 2000-03-31 and 2001-03-31;
2329# (2006) says 2006-03-31 and 2006-09-22;
2330# for now ignore all these claims and go with Shanks & Pottenger,
2331# except for the 2006-09-22 claim (which seems right for Ramadan).
2332Rule Syria 1994 1996 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
2333Rule Syria 1994 2005 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2334Rule Syria 1997 1998 - Mar lastMon 0:00 1:00 S
2335Rule Syria 1999 2006 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
2336# From Stephen Colebourne (2006-09-18):
2337# According to IATA data, Syria will change DST on 21st September [21:00 UTC]
2338# this year [only].... This is probably related to Ramadan, like Egypt.
2339Rule Syria 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
2340# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29):
2341# Today the AP reported "Syria will switch to summertime at midnight Thursday."
2342# http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/03/29/africa/ME-GEN-Syria-Time-Change.php
2343Rule Syria 2007 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
2344# From Jesper Norgard (2007-10-27):
2345# The sister center ICARDA of my work CIMMYT is confirming that Syria DST will
2346# not take place 1.st November at 0:00 o'clock but 1.st November at 24:00 or
2347# rather Midnight between Thursday and Friday. This does make more sence than
2348# having it between Wednesday and Thursday (two workdays in Syria) since the
2349# weekend in Syria is not Saturday and Sunday, but Friday and Saturday. So now
2350# it is implemented at midnight of the last workday before weekend...
2351#
2352# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-27):
2353# Jesper Norgaard Welen wrote:
2354#
2355# > "Winter local time in Syria will be observed at midnight of Thursday 1
2356# > November 2007, and the clock will be put back 1 hour."
2357#
2358# I found confirmation on this in this gov.sy-article (Arabic):
2359# http://wehda.alwehda.gov.sy/_print_veiw.asp?FileName=12521710520070926111247
2360#
2361# which using Google's translate tools says:
2362# Council of Ministers also approved the commencement of work on
2363# identifying the winter time as of Friday, 2/11/2007 where the 60th
2364# minute delay at midnight Thursday 1/11/2007.
2365Rule Syria 2007 only - Nov Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
2366
2367# From Stephen Colebourne (2008-03-17):
2368# For everyone's info, I saw an IATA time zone change for [Syria] for
2369# this month (March 2008) in the last day or so...This is the data IATA
2370# are now using:
2371# Country Time Standard --- DST Start --- --- DST End --- DST
2372# Name Zone Variation Time Date Time Date
2373# Variation
2374# Syrian Arab
2375# Republic SY +0200 2200 03APR08 2100 30SEP08 +0300
2376# 2200 02APR09 2100 30SEP09 +0300
2377# 2200 01APR10 2100 30SEP10 +0300
2378
2379# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-17):
2380# Here's a link to English-language coverage by the Syrian Arab News
2381# Agency (SANA)...
2382# <a href="http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm">
2383# http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm
2384# </a>...which reads (in part) "The Cabinet approved the suggestion of the
2385# Ministry of Electricity to begin daylight savings time on Friday April
2386# 4th, advancing clocks one hour ahead on midnight of Thursday April 3rd."
2387# Since Syria is two hours east of UTC, the 2200 and 2100 transition times
2388# shown above match up with midnight in Syria.
2389
2390# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
2391# My buest guess at a Syrian rule is "the Friday nearest April 1";
2392# coding that involves either using a "Mar Fri>=29" construct that old time zone
2393# compilers can't handle or having multiple Rules (a la Israel).
2394# For now, use "Apr Fri>=1", and go with IATA on a uniform Sep 30 end.
2395
2396# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-10-07):
2397# Syria has now officially decided to end DST on 2008-11-01 this year,
2398# according to the following article in the Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA).
2399#
2400# The article is in Arabic, and seems to tell that they will go back to
2401# winter time on 2008-11-01 at 00:00 local daylight time (delaying/setting
2402# clocks back 60 minutes).
2403#
2404# <a href="http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm">
2405# http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm
2406# </a>
2407
2408# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-19):
2409# Syria will start DST on 2009-03-27 00:00 this year according to many sources,
2410# two examples:
2411#
2412# <a href="http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm">
2413# http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm
2414# </a>
2415# (English, Syrian Arab News # Agency)
2416# <a href="http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209">
2417# http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209
2418# </a>
2419# (Arabic, gov-site)
2420#
2421# We have not found any sources saying anything about when DST ends this year.
2422#
2423# Our summary
2424# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html">
2425# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html
2426# </a>
2427
2428# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-27):
2429# The Syrian Arab News Network on 2009-09-29 reported that Syria will
2430# revert back to winter (standard) time on midnight between Thursday
2431# 2009-10-29 and Friday 2009-10-30:
2432# <a href="http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm">
2433# http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm (Arabic)
2434# </a>
2435
2436# From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28):
2437# We'll see if future DST switching times turn out to be end of the last
2438# Thursday of the month or the start of the last Friday of the month or
2439# something else. For now, use the start of the last Friday.
2440
| 2# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
3# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
4
5# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
6# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
7# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
8
9# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
10#
11# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
12# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
13# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
14#
15# Gwillim Law writes that a good source
16# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
17# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
18# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
19# of the IATA's data after 1990.
20#
21# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
22# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
23#
24# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
25# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
26# I found in the UCLA library.
27#
28# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
29# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
30#
31# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
32# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
33# Corrections are welcome!
34# std dst
35# LMT Local Mean Time
36# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time
37# 2:00 IST IDT Israel
38# 3:00 AST ADT Arabia*
39# 3:30 IRST IRDT Iran
40# 4:00 GST Gulf*
41# 5:30 IST India
42# 7:00 ICT Indochina*
43# 7:00 WIT west Indonesia
44# 8:00 CIT central Indonesia
45# 8:00 CST China
46# 9:00 CJT Central Japanese Time (1896/1937)*
47# 9:00 EIT east Indonesia
48# 9:00 JST JDT Japan
49# 9:00 KST KDT Korea
50# 9:30 CST (Australian) Central Standard Time
51#
52# See the `europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia.
53
54# From Guy Harris:
55# Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as
56# additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental
57# Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide -
58# Worldwide Edition). The names for time zones are guesses.
59
60###############################################################################
61
62# These rules are stolen from the `europe' file.
63# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
64Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
65Rule EUAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
66Rule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 -
67Rule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
68Rule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
69Rule E-EurAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
70Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
71Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
72Rule RussiaAsia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
73Rule RussiaAsia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
74Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S
75Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 -
76Rule RussiaAsia 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
77Rule RussiaAsia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
78Rule RussiaAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
79
80# Afghanistan
81# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
82Zone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890
83 4:00 - AFT 1945
84 4:30 - AFT
85
86# Armenia
87# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
88# Shanks & Pottenger have Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST)
89# in spring 1991, then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then
90# readopting Russian DST in 1997. Go with Shanks & Pottenger, even
91# when they disagree with others. Edgar Der-Danieliantz
92# reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST
93# in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995. IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that
94# Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991,
95# but started switching at 3:00s in 1998.
96# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
97Zone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2
98 3:00 - YERT 1957 Mar # Yerevan Time
99 4:00 RussiaAsia YER%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
100 3:00 1:00 YERST 1991 Sep 23 # independence
101 3:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 1995 Sep 24 2:00s
102 4:00 - AMT 1997
103 4:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT
104
105# Azerbaijan
106# From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23):
107# According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997
108# Resolution available at: http://aif.az/docs/daylight_res.pdf
109# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
110Rule Azer 1997 max - Mar lastSun 4:00 1:00 S
111Rule Azer 1997 max - Oct lastSun 5:00 0 -
112# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
113Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
114 3:00 - BAKT 1957 Mar # Baku Time
115 4:00 RussiaAsia BAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
116 3:00 1:00 BAKST 1991 Aug 30 # independence
117 3:00 RussiaAsia AZ%sT 1992 Sep lastSat 23:00
118 4:00 - AZT 1996 # Azerbaijan time
119 4:00 EUAsia AZ%sT 1997
120 4:00 Azer AZ%sT
121
122# Bahrain
123# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
124Zone Asia/Bahrain 3:22:20 - LMT 1920 # Al Manamah
125 4:00 - GST 1972 Jun
126 3:00 - AST
127
128# Bangladesh
129# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-05-13):
130# According to newspaper Asian Tribune (May 6, 2009) Bangladesh may introduce
131# Daylight Saving Time from June 16 to Sept 30
132#
133# Bangladesh to introduce daylight saving time likely from June 16
134# <a href="http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288">
135# http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288
136# </a>
137# or
138# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html">
139# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html
140# </a>
141#
142# "... Bangladesh government has decided to switch daylight saving time from
143# June
144# 16 till September 30 in a bid to ensure maximum use of daylight to cope with
145# crippling power crisis. "
146#
147# The switch will remain in effect from June 16 to Sept 30 (2009) but if
148# implemented the next year, it will come in force from April 1, 2010
149
150# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-02):
151# They have finally decided now, but changed the start date to midnight between
152# the 19th and 20th, and they have not set the end date yet.
153#
154# Some sources:
155# <a href="http://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601">
156# http://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601
157# </a>
158# <a href="http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2">
159# http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2
160# </a>
161#
162# Our wrap-up:
163# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html">
164# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html
165# </a>
166
167# From A. N. M. Kamrus Saadat (2009-06-15):
168# Finally we've got the official mail regarding DST start time where DST start
169# time is mentioned as Jun 19 2009, 23:00 from BTRC (Bangladesh
170# Telecommunication Regulatory Commission).
171#
172# No DST end date has been announced yet.
173
174# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-25):
175# Bangladesh won't go back to Standard Time from October 1, 2009,
176# instead it will continue DST measure till the cabinet makes a fresh decision.
177#
178# Following report by same newspaper-"The Daily Star Friday":
179# "DST change awaits cabinet decision-Clock won't go back by 1-hr from Oct 1"
180# <a href="http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021">
181# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021
182# </a>
183# or
184# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html">
185# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html
186# </a>
187
188# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-13):
189# IANS (Indo-Asian News Service) now reports:
190# Bangladesh has decided that the clock advanced by an hour to make
191# maximum use of daylight hours as an energy saving measure would
192# "continue for an indefinite period."
193#
194# One of many places where it is published:
195# <a href="http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html">
196# http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html
197# </a>
198
199# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-12-24):
200# According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star,"
201# Bangladesh will change its clock back to Standard Time on Dec 31, 2009.
202#
203# Clock goes back 1-hr on Dec 31 night.
204# <a href="http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119228">
205# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119228
206# </a>
207# and
208# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html">
209# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html
210# </a>
211#
212# "...The government yesterday decided to put the clock back by one hour
213# on December 31 midnight and the new time will continue until March 31,
214# 2010 midnight. The decision came at a cabinet meeting at the Prime
215# Minister's Office last night..."
216
217# From Danvin Ruangchan (2009-12-24):
218# ...the news mentions DST will be turned off again 7 months after March
219# 31st on Oct 31, 2010.
220
221# From Arthur David Olson (2009-12-26):
222# Indeed, "The government will advance again the Banglasdesh Standard
223# Time by one one hour on March 31 next year by enforcing the Daylight
224# Saving Time (DST) for seven months. It will continue till October 31
225# until further notice." I take that last sentence as the
226# establishment of a rule.
227
228# From Nobutomo Nakano (2010-02-19):
229# We received a report from Bangladesh saying that the start/end of
230# Bangladesh DST is incorrect. Currently we have only the Bengali version
231# of the official mail from BTRC which describes the following:
232#
233# "From 2010 each year when local standard time is about to reach
234# March 31 at 10:59:00 PM clocks are turned forward 1 hour (11:59:00 PM)
235# and when local daylight time is about to October 31 at 11:59:00 PM
236# clocks are turned backward 1 hour (10:59:00 PM)."
237#
238# So, DST will start/end 1 minute earlier.
239
240# From Arthur David Olson (2010-03-03):
241# The file
242# <a href=http://www.cabinet.gov/bd/file_upload/news_events/en_169.pdf>
243# http://www.cabinet.gov/bd/file_upload/news_events/en_169.pdf
244# </a>
245# is in Bengali; it does contain two "31"s as well as two "11.59"s and a "10.59"
246# which is consistent with the information provided by Nobutomo Nakano.
247
248# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
249Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Jun 19 23:00 1:00 S
250Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Dec 31 23:59 0 -
251Rule Dhaka 2010 max - Mar 31 22:59 1:00 S
252Rule Dhaka 2010 max - Oct 31 23:59 0 -
253
254# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
255Zone Asia/Dhaka 6:01:40 - LMT 1890
256 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
257 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time
258 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
259 6:30 - BURT 1951 Sep 30
260 6:00 - DACT 1971 Mar 26 # Dacca Time
261 6:00 - BDT 2009
262 6:00 Dhaka BD%sT
263
264# Bhutan
265# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
266Zone Asia/Thimphu 5:58:36 - LMT 1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu
267 5:30 - IST 1987 Oct
268 6:00 - BTT # Bhutan Time
269
270# British Indian Ocean Territory
271# Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the
272# 1997 and later maps say 6:00. Assume the switch occurred in 1996.
273# We have no information as to when standard time was introduced;
274# assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which
275# then contained the Chagos Archipelago).
276# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
277Zone Indian/Chagos 4:49:40 - LMT 1907
278 5:00 - IOT 1996 # BIOT Time
279 6:00 - IOT
280
281# Brunei
282# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
283Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan
284 7:30 - BNT 1933
285 8:00 - BNT
286
287# Burma / Myanmar
288# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
289Zone Asia/Rangoon 6:24:40 - LMT 1880 # or Yangon
290 6:24:36 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon Mean Time?
291 6:30 - BURT 1942 May # Burma Time
292 9:00 - JST 1945 May 3
293 6:30 - MMT # Myanmar Time
294
295# Cambodia
296# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
297Zone Asia/Phnom_Penh 6:59:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9
298 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
299 7:00 - ICT 1912 May
300 8:00 - ICT 1931 May
301 7:00 - ICT
302
303# China
304
305# From Guy Harris:
306# People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone.
307
308# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
309# No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though
310# China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the
311# Peking (Bejing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China
312# has two of 'em -- Peking's and Urumqi (named after the capital of
313# the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it.
314#
315# . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too
316# painful to suck in another copy.. So, here is what I have for
317# DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP):
318#
319# 1986 May 4 - Sept 14
320# 1987 mid-April - ??
321
322# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
323# CHINA 8 H AHEAD OF UTC ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN
324# CHINA 9 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 17 - SEP 10
325
326# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
327# Shanks & Pottenger write that China (except for Hong Kong and Macau)
328# has had a single time zone since 1980 May 1, observing summer DST
329# from 1986 through 1991; this contradicts Devine's
330# note about Time magazine, though apparently _something_ happened in 1986.
331# Go with Shanks & Pottenger for now. I made up names for the other
332# pre-1980 time zones.
333
334# From Shanks & Pottenger:
335# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
336Rule Shang 1940 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D
337Rule Shang 1940 1941 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
338Rule Shang 1941 only - Mar 16 0:00 1:00 D
339Rule PRC 1986 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 D
340Rule PRC 1986 1991 - Sep Sun>=11 0:00 0 S
341Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D
342
343# From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20):
344# BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five
345# historic timezones from some Taiwan websites. And yes, there are official
346# Chinese names for these locales (before 1949).
347#
348# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-07-14):
349# I have investigated the timezones around 1970 on the
350# http://www.astro.com/atlas site [with provinces and county
351# boundaries summarized below].... A few other exceptions were two
352# counties on the Sichuan side of the Xizang-Sichuan border,
353# counties Dege and Baiyu which lies on the Sichuan side and are
354# therefore supposed to be GMT+7, Xizang region being GMT+6, but Dege
355# county is GMT+8 according to astro.com while Baiyu county is GMT+6
356# (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two
357# counties are mistakes in the astro.com data.
358
359# From Paul Eggert (2008-02-11):
360# I just now checked Google News for western news sources that talk
361# about China's single time zone, and couldn't find anything before 1986
362# talking about China being in one time zone. (That article was: Jim
363# Mann, "A clumsy embrace for another western custom: China on daylight
364# time--sort of", Los Angeles Times, 1986-05-05. By the way, this
365# article confirms the tz database's data claiming that China began
366# observing daylight saving time in 1986.
367#
368# From Thomas S. Mullaney (2008-02-11):
369# I think you're combining two subjects that need to treated
370# separately: daylight savings (which, you're correct, wasn't
371# implemented until the 1980s) and the unified time zone centered near
372# Beijing (which was implemented in 1949). Briefly, there was also a
373# "Lhasa Time" in Tibet and "Urumqi Time" in Xinjiang. The first was
374# ceased, and the second eventually recognized (again, in the 1980s).
375#
376# From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30):
377# There seems to be a good chance China switched to a single time zone in 1949
378# rather than in 1980 as Shanks & Pottenger have it, but we don't have a
379# reliable documentary source saying so yet, so for now we still go with
380# Shanks & Pottenger.
381
382# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
383# Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area)
384# Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin
385Zone Asia/Harbin 8:26:44 - LMT 1928 # or Haerbin
386 8:30 - CHAT 1932 Mar # Changbai Time
387 8:00 - CST 1940
388 9:00 - CHAT 1966 May
389 8:30 - CHAT 1980 May
390 8:00 PRC C%sT
391# Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time")
392# most of China
393Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:52 - LMT 1928
394 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949
395 8:00 PRC C%sT
396# Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area)
397# Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan;
398# most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; west Qinghai; and the Guangdong
399# counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing,
400# Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu.
401Zone Asia/Chongqing 7:06:20 - LMT 1928 # or Chungking
402 7:00 - LONT 1980 May # Long-shu Time
403 8:00 PRC C%sT
404# Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time")
405# The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai;
406# the Guangdong counties Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang,
407# Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi;
408# east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi;
409# east Xinjiang, including Urumqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe,
410# Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin,
411# Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami,
412# Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan.
413Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928 # or Urumchi
414 6:00 - URUT 1980 May # Urumqi Time
415 8:00 PRC C%sT
416# Kunlun Time
417# West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule;
418# West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke,
419# Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding,
420# and Yarkand.
421
422# From Luther Ma (2009-10-17):
423# Almost all (>99.9%) ethnic Chinese (properly ethnic Han) living in
424# Xinjiang use Chinese Standard Time. Some are aware of Xinjiang time,
425# but have no need of it. All planes, trains, and schools function on
426# what is called "Beijing time." When Han make an appointment in Chinese
427# they implicitly use Beijing time.
428#
429# On the other hand, ethnic Uyghurs, who make up about half the
430# population of Xinjiang, typically use "Xinjiang time" which is two
431# hours behind Beijing time, or UTC +0600. The government of the Xinjiang
432# Uyghur Autonomous Region, (XAUR, or just Xinjiang for short) as well as
433# local governments such as the Urumqi city government use both times in
434# publications, referring to what is popularly called Xinjiang time as
435# "Urumqi time." When Uyghurs make an appointment in the Uyghur language
436# they almost invariably use Xinjiang time.
437#
438# (Their ethnic Han compatriots would typically have no clue of its
439# widespread use, however, because so extremely few of them are fluent in
440# Uyghur, comparable to the number of Anglo-Americans fluent in Navajo.)
441#
442# (...As with the rest of China there was a brief interval ending in 1990
443# or 1991 when summer time was in use. The confusion was severe, with
444# the province not having dual times but four times in use at the same
445# time. Some areas remained on standard Xinjiang time or Beijing time and
446# others moving their clocks ahead.)
447#
448# ...an example of an official website using of Urumqi time.
449#
450# The first few lines of the Google translation of
451# <a href="http://www.fjysgl.gov.cn/show.aspx?id=2379&cid=39">
452# http://www.fjysgl.gov.cn/show.aspx?id=2379&cid=39
453# </a>
454# (retrieved 2009-10-13)
455# > Urumqi fire seven people are missing the alleged losses of at least
456# > 500 million yuan
457# >
458# > (Reporter Dong Liu) the day before 20:20 or so (Urumqi Time 18:20),
459# > Urumqi City Department of International Plaza Luther Qiantang River
460# > burst fire. As of yesterday, 18:30, Urumqi City Fire officers and men
461# > have worked continuously for 22 hours...
462
463# From Luther Ma (2009-11-19):
464# With the risk of being redundant to previous answers these are the most common
465# English "transliterations" (w/o using non-English symbols):
466#
467# 1. Wulumuqi...
468# 2. Kashi...
469# 3. Urumqi...
470# 4. Kashgar...
471# ...
472# 5. It seems that Uyghurs in Urumqi has been using Xinjiang since at least the
473# 1960's. I know of one Han, now over 50, who grew up in the surrounding
474# countryside and used Xinjiang time as a child.
475#
476# 6. Likewise for Kashgar and the rest of south Xinjiang I don't know of any
477# start date for Xinjiang time.
478#
479# Without having access to local historical records, nor the ability to legally
480# publish them, I would go with October 1, 1949, when Xinjiang became the Uyghur
481# Autonomous Region under the PRC. (Before that Uyghurs, of course, would also
482# not be using Beijing time, but some local time.)
483
484Zone Asia/Kashgar 5:03:56 - LMT 1928 # or Kashi or Kaxgar
485 5:30 - KAST 1940 # Kashgar Time
486 5:00 - KAST 1980 May
487 8:00 PRC C%sT
488
489
490# From Lee Yiu Chung (2009-10-24):
491# I found there are some mistakes for the...DST rule for Hong
492# Kong. [According] to the DST record from Hong Kong Observatory (actually,
493# it is not [an] observatory, but the official meteorological agency of HK,
494# and also serves as the official timing agency), there are some missing
495# and incorrect rules. Although the exact switch over time is missing, I
496# think 3:30 is correct. The official DST record for Hong Kong can be
497# obtained from
498# <a href="http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm">
499# http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm
500# </a>.
501
502# From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28):
503# Here are the dates given at
504# <a href="http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm">
505# http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm
506# </a>
507# as of 2009-10-28:
508# Year Period
509# 1941 1 Apr to 30 Sep
510# 1942 Whole year
511# 1943 Whole year
512# 1944 Whole year
513# 1945 Whole year
514# 1946 20 Apr to 1 Dec
515# 1947 13 Apr to 30 Dec
516# 1948 2 May to 31 Oct
517# 1949 3 Apr to 30 Oct
518# 1950 2 Apr to 29 Oct
519# 1951 1 Apr to 28 Oct
520# 1952 6 Apr to 25 Oct
521# 1953 5 Apr to 1 Nov
522# 1954 21 Mar to 31 Oct
523# 1955 20 Mar to 6 Nov
524# 1956 18 Mar to 4 Nov
525# 1957 24 Mar to 3 Nov
526# 1958 23 Mar to 2 Nov
527# 1959 22 Mar to 1 Nov
528# 1960 20 Mar to 6 Nov
529# 1961 19 Mar to 5 Nov
530# 1962 18 Mar to 4 Nov
531# 1963 24 Mar to 3 Nov
532# 1964 22 Mar to 1 Nov
533# 1965 18 Apr to 17 Oct
534# 1966 17 Apr to 16 Oct
535# 1967 16 Apr to 22 Oct
536# 1968 21 Apr to 20 Oct
537# 1969 20 Apr to 19 Oct
538# 1970 19 Apr to 18 Oct
539# 1971 18 Apr to 17 Oct
540# 1972 16 Apr to 22 Oct
541# 1973 22 Apr to 21 Oct
542# 1973/74 30 Dec 73 to 20 Oct 74
543# 1975 20 Apr to 19 Oct
544# 1976 18 Apr to 17 Oct
545# 1977 Nil
546# 1978 Nil
547# 1979 13 May to 21 Oct
548# 1980 to Now Nil
549# The page does not give start or end times of day.
550# The page does not give a start date for 1942.
551# The page does not givw an end date for 1945.
552# The Japanese occupation of Hong Kong began on 1941-12-25.
553# The Japanese surrender of Hong Kong was signed 1945-09-15.
554# For lack of anything better, use start of those days as the transition times.
555
556# Hong Kong (Xianggang)
557# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
558Rule HK 1941 only - Apr 1 3:30 1:00 S
559Rule HK 1941 only - Sep 30 3:30 0 -
560Rule HK 1946 only - Apr 20 3:30 1:00 S
561Rule HK 1946 only - Dec 1 3:30 0 -
562Rule HK 1947 only - Apr 13 3:30 1:00 S
563Rule HK 1947 only - Dec 30 3:30 0 -
564Rule HK 1948 only - May 2 3:30 1:00 S
565Rule HK 1948 1951 - Oct lastSun 3:30 0 -
566Rule HK 1952 only - Oct 25 3:30 0 -
567Rule HK 1949 1953 - Apr Sun>=1 3:30 1:00 S
568Rule HK 1953 only - Nov 1 3:30 0 -
569Rule HK 1954 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 3:30 1:00 S
570Rule HK 1954 only - Oct 31 3:30 0 -
571Rule HK 1955 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 -
572Rule HK 1965 1977 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
573Rule HK 1965 1977 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
574Rule HK 1973 only - Dec 30 3:30 1:00 S
575Rule HK 1979 only - May Sun>=8 3:30 1:00 S
576Rule HK 1979 only - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
577# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
578Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:36 - LMT 1904 Oct 30
579 8:00 HK HK%sT 1941 Dec 25
580 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 15
581 8:00 HK HK%sT
582
583###############################################################################
584
585# Taiwan
586
587# Shanks & Pottenger write that Taiwan observed DST during 1945, when it
588# was still controlled by Japan. This is hard to believe, but we don't
589# have any other information.
590
591# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
592Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
593Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
594Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D
595Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
596Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
597Rule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
598Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
599Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
600Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
601Rule Taiwan 1980 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 D
602Rule Taiwan 1980 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S
603# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
604Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 # or Taibei or T'ai-pei
605 8:00 Taiwan C%sT
606
607# Macau (Macao, Aomen)
608# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
609Rule Macau 1961 1962 - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
610Rule Macau 1961 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 -
611Rule Macau 1963 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
612Rule Macau 1964 only - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
613Rule Macau 1965 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
614Rule Macau 1965 only - Oct 31 0:00 0 -
615Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
616Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
617Rule Macau 1972 1974 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
618Rule Macau 1972 1973 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
619Rule Macau 1974 1977 - Oct Sun>=15 3:30 0 -
620Rule Macau 1975 1977 - Apr Sun>=15 3:30 1:00 S
621Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
622Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
623# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
624Zone Asia/Macau 7:34:20 - LMT 1912
625 8:00 Macau MO%sT 1999 Dec 20 # return to China
626 8:00 PRC C%sT
627
628
629###############################################################################
630
631# Cyprus
632# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
633Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S
634Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 -
635Rule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
636Rule Cyprus 1976 only - Oct 11 0:00 0 -
637Rule Cyprus 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
638Rule Cyprus 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 -
639Rule Cyprus 1978 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
640Rule Cyprus 1979 1997 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
641Rule Cyprus 1981 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
642# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
643Zone Asia/Nicosia 2:13:28 - LMT 1921 Nov 14
644 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep
645 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT
646# IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time.
647
648# Classically, Cyprus belongs to Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72.
649# However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe.
650Link Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia
651
652# Georgia
653# From Paul Eggert (1994-11-19):
654# Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward
655# an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze,
656# an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it!
657# We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall.
658#
659# From Mathew Englander, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04):
660# Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia
661# will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy,
662# President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday.
663#
664# From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27):
665#
666# Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday... The former Soviet
667# republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow. As a result it
668# is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours
669# ahead. The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia,
670# Mikhail Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process
671# of integration into Europe.
672
673# From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07):
674# Government of Georgia ... decided to NOT CHANGE daylight savings time on
675# [Oct.] 30, as it was done before during last more than 10 years.
676# Currently, we are in fact GMT +4:00, as before 30 October it was GMT
677# +3:00.... The problem is, there is NO FORMAL LAW or governmental document
678# about it. As far as I can find, I was told, that there is no document,
679# because we just DIDN'T ISSUE document about switching to winter time....
680# I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our
681# DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month.
682
683
684# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
685Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:16 - LMT 1880
686 2:59:16 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time
687 3:00 - TBIT 1957 Mar # Tbilisi Time
688 4:00 RussiaAsia TBI%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
689 3:00 1:00 TBIST 1991 Apr 9 # independence
690 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 1992 # Georgia Time
691 3:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1994 Sep lastSun
692 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1996 Oct lastSun
693 4:00 1:00 GEST 1997 Mar lastSun
694 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 2004 Jun 27
695 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 2005 Mar lastSun 2:00
696 4:00 - GET
697
698# East Timor
699
700# See Indonesia for the 1945 transition.
701
702# From Joao Carrascalao, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in
703# <a href="http://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm">
704# East Timor may be late for its millennium
705# </a> (1999-12-26/31):
706# Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun
707# rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the
708# Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it
709# conflicts with their way of life.
710
711# From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
712# We don't have any record of the above attempt.
713# Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data.
714
715# <a href="http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/last/00-08-16.undh.html">
716# From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General
717# (2000-08-16)</a>:
718# The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided
719# today to advance East Timor's time by one hour. The time change,
720# which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at
721# midnight on Saturday, September 16.
722
723# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
724Zone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912
725 8:00 - TLT 1942 Feb 21 23:00 # E Timor Time
726 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
727 9:00 - TLT 1976 May 3
728 8:00 - CIT 2000 Sep 17 00:00
729 9:00 - TLT
730
731# India
732# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
733Zone Asia/Kolkata 5:53:28 - LMT 1880 # Kolkata
734 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
735 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time
736 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
737 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15
738 5:30 - IST
739# The following are like Asia/Kolkata:
740# Andaman Is
741# Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is)
742# Nicobar Is
743
744# Indonesia
745#
746# From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger:
747# <http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime>
748# says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01. Looking at some
749# time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat
750# and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7.
751#
752# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-10):
753# Here is another correction to Shanks & Pottenger.
754# JohnTWB writes that Japanese forces did not surrender control in
755# Indonesia until 1945-09-01 00:00 at the earliest (in Jakarta) and
756# other formal surrender ceremonies were September 9, 11, and 13, plus
757# September 12 for the regional surrender to Mountbatten in Singapore.
758# These would be the earliest possible times for a change.
759# Regimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (Editions
760# Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched
761# from JST to UTC+07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura
762# (Hollandia). For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura
763# switched on 1945-09-23.
764#
765# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
766Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10
767# Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13,
768# but this must be a typo.
769 7:07:12 - JMT 1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Jakarta
770 7:20 - JAVT 1932 Nov # Java Time
771 7:30 - WIT 1942 Mar 23
772 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
773 7:30 - WIT 1948 May
774 8:00 - WIT 1950 May
775 7:30 - WIT 1964
776 7:00 - WIT
777Zone Asia/Pontianak 7:17:20 - LMT 1908 May
778 7:17:20 - PMT 1932 Nov # Pontianak MT
779 7:30 - WIT 1942 Jan 29
780 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
781 7:30 - WIT 1948 May
782 8:00 - WIT 1950 May
783 7:30 - WIT 1964
784 8:00 - CIT 1988 Jan 1
785 7:00 - WIT
786Zone Asia/Makassar 7:57:36 - LMT 1920
787 7:57:36 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar MT
788 8:00 - CIT 1942 Feb 9
789 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
790 8:00 - CIT
791Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov
792 9:00 - EIT 1944 Sep 1
793 9:30 - CST 1964
794 9:00 - EIT
795
796# Iran
797
798# From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15):
799# This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian).
800# The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine:
801#
802# Official Newspaper No. 13548-1370/6/25 [1991-09-16]
803# No. 16760/T233 H 1370/6/10 [1991-09-01]
804#
805# The Rule About Change of the Official Time of the Country
806#
807# The Board of Ministers, in the meeting dated 1370/5/23 [1991-08-14],
808# based on the suggestion number 2221/D dated 1370/4/22 [1991-07-13]
809# of the Country's Organization for Official and Employment Affairs,
810# and referring to the law for equating the working hours of workers
811# and officers in the whole country dated 1359/4/23 [1980-07-14], and
812# for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that:
813#
814# The official time of the country will should move forward one hour
815# at the 24[:00] hours of the first day of Farvardin and should return
816# to its previous state at the 24[:00] hours of the 30th day of
817# Shahrivar.
818#
819# First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi
820#
821# From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed
822# for at least the last 5 years. Before that, for a few years, the
823# date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last
824# Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates....
825# I have also changed the abbreviations to what is considered correct
826# here in Iran, IRST for regular time and IRDT for daylight saving time.
827#
828# From Roozbeh Pournader (2005-04-05):
829# The text of the Iranian law, in effect since 1925, clearly mentions
830# that the true solar year is the measure, and there is no arithmetic
831# leap year calculation involved. There has never been any serious
832# plan to change that law....
833#
834# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
835# Go with Shanks & Pottenger before Sept. 1991, and with Pournader thereafter.
836# I used Ed Reingold's cal-persia in GNU Emacs 21.2 to check Persian dates,
837# stopping after 2037 when 32-bit time_t's overflow.
838# That cal-persia used Birashk's approximation, which disagrees with the solar
839# calendar predictions for the year 2025, so I corrected those dates by hand.
840#
841# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future
842# discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar:
843# For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for
844# the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local
845# Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be
846# known exactly, amongst other factors. 2157 is even closer:
847# 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT. But the Gregorian year 2025 should give
848# no interpretation problem whatsoever. By the way, another instant
849# in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between
850# arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058:
851# vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT. The Java version of
852# Reingold's/Dershowitz' calculator gives correctly the Gregorian date
853# 2058-03-21 for 1 Farvardin 1437 (astronomical).
854#
855# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-03-22):
856# Several of my users have reported that Iran will not observe DST anymore:
857# http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-17/0603193812164948.htm
858#
859# From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper Norgaard Welen:
860# ... the Guardian Council ... approved a law on Sunday to re-introduce
861# daylight saving time ...
862# http://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKBLA65048420070916
863#
864# From Roozbeh Pournader (2007-11-05):
865# This is quoted from Official Gazette of the Islamic Republic of
866# Iran, Volume 63, Number 18242, dated Tuesday 1386/6/24
867# [2007-10-16]. I am doing the best translation I can:...
868# The official time of the country will be moved forward for one hour
869# on the 24 hours of the first day of the month of Farvardin and will
870# be changed back to its previous state on the 24 hours of the
871# thirtieth day of Shahrivar.
872#
873# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
874Rule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
875Rule Iran 1978 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 S
876Rule Iran 1979 only - Sep 19 0:00 0 S
877Rule Iran 1980 only - Sep 23 0:00 0 S
878Rule Iran 1991 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 D
879Rule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
880Rule Iran 1991 1995 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
881Rule Iran 1996 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
882Rule Iran 1996 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
883Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
884Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
885Rule Iran 2000 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
886Rule Iran 2000 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
887Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
888Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
889Rule Iran 2004 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
890Rule Iran 2004 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
891Rule Iran 2005 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
892Rule Iran 2005 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
893Rule Iran 2008 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
894Rule Iran 2008 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
895Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
896Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
897Rule Iran 2012 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
898Rule Iran 2012 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
899Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
900Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
901Rule Iran 2016 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
902Rule Iran 2016 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
903Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
904Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
905Rule Iran 2020 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
906Rule Iran 2020 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
907Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
908Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
909Rule Iran 2024 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
910Rule Iran 2024 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
911Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
912Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
913Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
914Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
915Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
916Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
917Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
918Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
919Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
920Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
921Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
922Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
923# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
924Zone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916
925 3:25:44 - TMT 1946 # Tehran Mean Time
926 3:30 - IRST 1977 Nov
927 4:00 Iran IR%sT 1979
928 3:30 Iran IR%sT
929
930
931# Iraq
932#
933# From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12):
934# An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in
935# the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph:
936# "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and
937# are an hour ahead of Baghdad."
938#
939# But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows:
940# In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi
941# Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time. They referred
942# to daylight saving as Saddam time. But, as of today, the time zone
943# in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq.
944#
945# So we'll ignore the Economist's claim.
946
947# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-10):
948# The cabinet in Iraq abolished DST last week, according to the following
949# news sources (in Arabic):
950# <a href="http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html">
951# http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html
952# </a>
953# <a href="http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10">
954# http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10
955# </a>
956#
957# We have published a short article in English about the change:
958# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html">
959# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html
960# </a>
961
962# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
963Rule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
964Rule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
965Rule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
966Rule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
967Rule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 S
968Rule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 D
969# IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the `:01' is a typo.
970# Shanks & Pottenger say Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997; ignore this.
971#
972Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 D
973Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Oct 1 3:00s 0 S
974# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
975Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890
976 2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time?
977 3:00 - AST 1982 May
978 3:00 Iraq A%sT
979
980
981###############################################################################
982
983# Israel
984
985# From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11):
986#
987# I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988. Until then there were three
988# different abbreviations in use:
989#
990# JST Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University]
991# IZT Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion]
992# EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else]
993#
994# Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities,
995# I ruled out JST. As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe,
996# EEST was equally unacceptable. Since "zonal" was not compatible with
997# any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go
998# and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone
999# settings in Israeli computers.
1000#
1001# In any case, I am happy to share timezone abbreviations with India,
1002# high on my favorite-country list (and not only because my wife's
1003# family is from India).
1004
1005# From Shanks & Pottenger:
1006# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1007Rule Zion 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
1008Rule Zion 1942 1944 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
1009Rule Zion 1943 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
1010Rule Zion 1944 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
1011Rule Zion 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D
1012Rule Zion 1945 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 S
1013Rule Zion 1946 only - Apr 16 2:00 1:00 D
1014Rule Zion 1946 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
1015Rule Zion 1948 only - May 23 0:00 2:00 DD
1016Rule Zion 1948 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D
1017Rule Zion 1948 1949 - Nov 1 2:00 0 S
1018Rule Zion 1949 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
1019Rule Zion 1950 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D
1020Rule Zion 1950 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 S
1021Rule Zion 1951 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
1022Rule Zion 1951 only - Nov 11 3:00 0 S
1023Rule Zion 1952 only - Apr 20 2:00 1:00 D
1024Rule Zion 1952 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 S
1025Rule Zion 1953 only - Apr 12 2:00 1:00 D
1026Rule Zion 1953 only - Sep 13 3:00 0 S
1027Rule Zion 1954 only - Jun 13 0:00 1:00 D
1028Rule Zion 1954 only - Sep 12 0:00 0 S
1029Rule Zion 1955 only - Jun 11 2:00 1:00 D
1030Rule Zion 1955 only - Sep 11 0:00 0 S
1031Rule Zion 1956 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D
1032Rule Zion 1956 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 S
1033Rule Zion 1957 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 D
1034Rule Zion 1957 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
1035Rule Zion 1974 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 D
1036Rule Zion 1974 only - Oct 13 0:00 0 S
1037Rule Zion 1975 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 D
1038Rule Zion 1975 only - Aug 31 0:00 0 S
1039Rule Zion 1985 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 D
1040Rule Zion 1985 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S
1041Rule Zion 1986 only - May 18 0:00 1:00 D
1042Rule Zion 1986 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S
1043Rule Zion 1987 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D
1044Rule Zion 1987 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
1045Rule Zion 1988 only - Apr 9 0:00 1:00 D
1046Rule Zion 1988 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
1047
1048# From Ephraim Silverberg
1049# (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17, 2000-07-25, 2004-12-22,
1050# and 2005-02-17):
1051
1052# According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of
1053# Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes.
1054# One thing is entrenched in law, however: that there must be at least 150
1055# days of daylight savings time annually. From 1993-1998, the change to
1056# daylight savings time was on a Friday morning from midnight IST to
1057# 1 a.m IDT; up until 1998, the change back to standard time was on a
1058# Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time to 11 p.m. standard
1059# time. 1996 is an exception to this rule where the change back to standard
1060# time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday night to avoid
1061# conflicts with the Jewish New Year. In 1999, the change to
1062# daylight savings time was still on a Friday morning but from
1063# 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time
1064# was also on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST for
1065# 1999 only. In the year 2000, the change to daylight savings time was
1066# similar to 1999, but although the change back will be on a Friday, it
1067# will take place from 1 a.m. IDT to midnight IST. Starting in 2001, all
1068# changes to/from will take place at 1 a.m. old time, but now there is no
1069# rule as to what day of the week it will take place in as the start date
1070# (except in 2003) is the night after the Passover Seder (i.e. the eve
1071# of the 16th of Nisan in the lunar Hebrew calendar) and the end date
1072# (except in 2002) is three nights before Yom Kippur [Day of Atonement]
1073# (the eve of the 7th of Tishrei in the lunar Hebrew calendar).
1074
1075# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1076Rule Zion 1989 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D
1077Rule Zion 1989 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
1078Rule Zion 1990 only - Mar 25 0:00 1:00 D
1079Rule Zion 1990 only - Aug 26 0:00 0 S
1080Rule Zion 1991 only - Mar 24 0:00 1:00 D
1081Rule Zion 1991 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 S
1082Rule Zion 1992 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 D
1083Rule Zion 1992 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S
1084Rule Zion 1993 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 D
1085Rule Zion 1993 only - Sep 5 0:00 0 S
1086
1087# The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the
1088# Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel. The spokeswoman can be reached by
1089# calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448.
1090
1091# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1092Rule Zion 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
1093Rule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0 S
1094Rule Zion 1995 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
1095Rule Zion 1995 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
1096
1097# The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the
1098# time, Haim Ramon. The official announcement regarding 1996-1998
1099# (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at:
1100#
1101# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz
1102#
1103# The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa.
1104#
1105# The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at:
1106#
1107# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz
1108#
1109# where YYYY is the relevant year.
1110
1111# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1112Rule Zion 1996 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D
1113Rule Zion 1996 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S
1114Rule Zion 1997 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
1115Rule Zion 1997 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S
1116Rule Zion 1998 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 D
1117Rule Zion 1998 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S
1118Rule Zion 1999 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 D
1119Rule Zion 1999 only - Sep 3 2:00 0 S
1120
1121# The Knesset Interior Committee has changed the dates for 2000 for
1122# the third time in just over a year and have set new dates for the
1123# years 2001-2004 as well.
1124#
1125# The official announcement for the start date of 2000 can be viewed at:
1126#
1127# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-start.ps.gz
1128#
1129# The official announcement for the end date of 2000 and the dates
1130# for the years 2001-2004 can be viewed at:
1131#
1132# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2004.ps.gz
1133
1134# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1135Rule Zion 2000 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
1136Rule Zion 2000 only - Oct 6 1:00 0 S
1137Rule Zion 2001 only - Apr 9 1:00 1:00 D
1138Rule Zion 2001 only - Sep 24 1:00 0 S
1139Rule Zion 2002 only - Mar 29 1:00 1:00 D
1140Rule Zion 2002 only - Oct 7 1:00 0 S
1141Rule Zion 2003 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 D
1142Rule Zion 2003 only - Oct 3 1:00 0 S
1143Rule Zion 2004 only - Apr 7 1:00 1:00 D
1144Rule Zion 2004 only - Sep 22 1:00 0 S
1145
1146# The proposed law agreed upon by the Knesset Interior Committee on
1147# 2005-02-14 is that, for 2005 and beyond, DST starts at 02:00 the
1148# last Friday before April 2nd (i.e. the last Friday in March or April
1149# 1st itself if it falls on a Friday) and ends at 02:00 on the Saturday
1150# night _before_ the fast of Yom Kippur.
1151#
1152# Those who can read Hebrew can view the announcement at:
1153#
1154# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2005+beyond.ps
1155
1156# From Paul Eggert (2005-02-22):
1157# I used Ephraim Silverberg's dst-israel.el program
1158# <ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/software/dst-israel.el> (2005-02-20)
1159# along with Ed Reingold's cal-hebrew in GNU Emacs 21.4,
1160# to generate the transitions in this list.
1161# (I replaced "lastFri" with "Fri>=26" by hand.)
1162# The spring transitions below all correspond to the following Rule:
1163#
1164# Rule Zion 2005 max - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
1165#
1166# but older zic implementations (e.g., Solaris 8) do not support
1167# "Fri>=26" to mean April 1 in years like 2005, so for now we list the
1168# springtime transitions explicitly.
1169
1170# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1171Rule Zion 2005 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
1172Rule Zion 2005 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S
1173Rule Zion 2006 2010 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
1174Rule Zion 2006 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 S
1175Rule Zion 2007 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S
1176Rule Zion 2008 only - Oct 5 2:00 0 S
1177Rule Zion 2009 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S
1178Rule Zion 2010 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S
1179Rule Zion 2011 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
1180Rule Zion 2011 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S
1181Rule Zion 2012 2015 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
1182Rule Zion 2012 only - Sep 23 2:00 0 S
1183Rule Zion 2013 only - Sep 8 2:00 0 S
1184Rule Zion 2014 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S
1185Rule Zion 2015 only - Sep 20 2:00 0 S
1186Rule Zion 2016 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
1187Rule Zion 2016 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S
1188Rule Zion 2017 2021 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
1189Rule Zion 2017 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S
1190Rule Zion 2018 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S
1191Rule Zion 2019 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S
1192Rule Zion 2020 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S
1193Rule Zion 2021 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S
1194Rule Zion 2022 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
1195Rule Zion 2022 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S
1196Rule Zion 2023 2032 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
1197Rule Zion 2023 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S
1198Rule Zion 2024 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S
1199Rule Zion 2025 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S
1200Rule Zion 2026 only - Sep 20 2:00 0 S
1201Rule Zion 2027 only - Oct 10 2:00 0 S
1202Rule Zion 2028 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S
1203Rule Zion 2029 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S
1204Rule Zion 2030 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S
1205Rule Zion 2031 only - Sep 21 2:00 0 S
1206Rule Zion 2032 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S
1207Rule Zion 2033 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
1208Rule Zion 2033 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S
1209Rule Zion 2034 2037 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
1210Rule Zion 2034 only - Sep 17 2:00 0 S
1211Rule Zion 2035 only - Oct 7 2:00 0 S
1212Rule Zion 2036 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S
1213Rule Zion 2037 only - Sep 13 2:00 0 S
1214
1215# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1216Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:56 - LMT 1880
1217 2:20:40 - JMT 1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time?
1218 2:00 Zion I%sT
1219
1220
1221
1222###############################################################################
1223
1224# Japan
1225
1226# `9:00' and `JST' is from Guy Harris.
1227
1228# From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06):
1229# Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had
1230# daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but ``the system was discontinued
1231# because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours.''
1232
1233# From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times
1234# <http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm>:
1235# Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on
1236# [1948-05-01].... But lack of prior debate and the execution of
1237# daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated
1238# deep hatred of the concept.... The Diet unceremoniously passed a bill to
1239# dump the unpopular system in October 1951, less than a month after the San
1240# Francisco Peace Treaty was signed. (A government poll in 1951 showed 53%
1241# of the Japanese wanted to scrap daylight-saving time, as opposed to 30% who
1242# wanted to keep it.)
1243
1244# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1245# Shanks & Pottenger write that DST in Japan during those years was as follows:
1246# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1247Rule Japan 1948 only - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1248Rule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sat>=8 2:00 0 S
1249Rule Japan 1949 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1250Rule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1251# but the only locations using it (for birth certificates, presumably, since
1252# their audience is astrologers) were US military bases. For now, assume
1253# that for most purposes daylight-saving time was observed; otherwise, what
1254# would have been the point of the 1951 poll?
1255
1256# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09):
1257# 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical
1258# Observatory: E 139 44' 40".90 (9h 18m 58s.727), N 35 39' 16".0.
1259# This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996'
1260# edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan....
1261# JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST).
1262# The law is enacted on 1886-07-07.
1263
1264# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16):
1265# The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan,
1266# which stands for the time on E 135 degree.
1267# In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central
1268# standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard
1269# time", which stands for the time on E 120 degree.... But "western standard
1270# time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No.
1271# 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is
1272# standard....
1273#
1274# I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate.
1275# In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor.
1276
1277# Shanks & Pottenger claim JST in use since 1896, and that a few
1278# places (e.g. Ishigaki) use +0800; go with Suzuki. Guess that all
1279# ordinances took effect on Jan 1.
1280
1281# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1282Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u
1283 9:00 - JST 1896
1284 9:00 - CJT 1938
1285 9:00 Japan J%sT
1286# Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo.
1287
1288# Jordan
1289#
1290# From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html">
1291# Jordan Week (1999-07-01) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
1292# Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight,
1293# in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time
1294# all year round.
1295#
1296# From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html">
1297# Jordan Week (1999-09-30) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09):
1298# Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back
1299# by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final!
1300# The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in
1301# government's departments from six to seven hours.
1302#
1303# From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
1304# Starting 2003 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
1305#
1306# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23):
1307# For Jordan I have received multiple independent user reports every year
1308# about DST end dates, as the end-rule is different every year.
1309#
1310# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-10-01), after a heads-up from Hilal Malawi:
1311# http://www.petranews.gov.jo/nepras/2006/Sep/05/4000.htm
1312# "Jordan will switch to winter time on Friday, October 27".
1313#
1314
1315# From Phil Pizzey (2009-04-02):
1316# ...I think I may have spotted an error in the timezone data for
1317# Jordan.
1318# The current (2009d) asia file shows Jordan going to daylight
1319# saving
1320# time on the last Thursday in March.
1321#
1322# Rule Jordan 2000 max - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S
1323#
1324# However timeanddate.com, which I usually find reliable, shows Jordan
1325# going to daylight saving time on the last Friday in March since 2002.
1326# Please see
1327# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=11">
1328# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=11
1329# </a>
1330
1331# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-02):
1332# This single one might be good enough, (2009-03-24, Arabic):
1333# <a href="http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279">
1334# http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279
1335# </a>
1336#
1337# Google's translation:
1338#
1339# > The Council of Ministers decided in 2002 to adopt the principle of timely
1340# > submission of the summer at 60 minutes as of midnight on the last Thursday
1341# > of the month of March of each year.
1342#
1343# So - this means the midnight between Thursday and Friday since 2002.
1344
1345# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-06):
1346# We still have Jordan switching to DST on Thursdays in 2000 and 2001.
1347
1348# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1349Rule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 S
1350Rule Jordan 1973 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1351Rule Jordan 1974 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1352Rule Jordan 1976 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
1353Rule Jordan 1977 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1354Rule Jordan 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
1355Rule Jordan 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
1356Rule Jordan 1985 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1357Rule Jordan 1985 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1358Rule Jordan 1986 1988 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
1359Rule Jordan 1986 1990 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
1360Rule Jordan 1989 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S
1361Rule Jordan 1990 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 S
1362Rule Jordan 1991 only - Apr 17 0:00 1:00 S
1363Rule Jordan 1991 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 -
1364Rule Jordan 1992 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S
1365Rule Jordan 1992 1993 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
1366Rule Jordan 1993 1998 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
1367Rule Jordan 1994 only - Sep Fri>=15 0:00 0 -
1368Rule Jordan 1995 1998 - Sep Fri>=15 0:00s 0 -
1369Rule Jordan 1999 only - Jul 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1370Rule Jordan 1999 2002 - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 -
1371Rule Jordan 2000 2001 - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S
1372Rule Jordan 2002 max - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S
1373Rule Jordan 2003 only - Oct 24 0:00s 0 -
1374Rule Jordan 2004 only - Oct 15 0:00s 0 -
1375Rule Jordan 2005 only - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 -
1376Rule Jordan 2006 max - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 -
1377# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1378Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931
1379 2:00 Jordan EE%sT
1380
1381
1382# Kazakhstan
1383
1384# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
1385# Andrew Evtichov (1996-04-13) writes that Kazakhstan
1386# stayed in sync with Moscow after 1990, and that Aqtobe (formerly Aktyubinsk)
1387# and Aqtau (formerly Shevchenko) are the largest cities in their zones.
1388# Guess that Aqtau and Aqtobe diverged in 1995, since that's the first time
1389# IATA SSIM mentions a third time zone in Kazakhstan.
1390
1391# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1392# German Iofis, ELSI, Almaty (2001-10-09) reports that Kazakhstan uses
1393# RussiaAsia rules, instead of switching at 00:00 as the IATA has it.
1394# Go with Shanks & Pottenger, who have them always using RussiaAsia rules.
1395# Also go with the following claims of Shanks & Pottenger:
1396#
1397# - Kazakhstan did not observe DST in 1991.
1398# - Qyzylorda switched from +5:00 to +6:00 on 1992-01-19 02:00.
1399# - Oral switched from +5:00 to +4:00 in spring 1989.
1400
1401# <a href="http://www.kazsociety.org.uk/news/2005/03/30.htm">
1402# From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin #11 (2005-03-21):
1403# </a>
1404# The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing
1405# daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health
1406# complications coupled with a decrease in productivity.
1407#
1408# From Branislav Kojic (in Astana) via Gwillim Law (2005-06-28):
1409# ... what happened was that the former Kazakhstan Eastern time zone
1410# was "blended" with the Central zone. Therefore, Kazakhstan now has
1411# two time zones, and difference between them is one hour. The zone
1412# closer to UTC is the former Western zone (probably still called the
1413# same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqtobe, Atyrau,
1414# Mangghystau, and West Kazakhstan. The other zone encompasses
1415# everything else.... I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones
1416# de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively.
1417
1418#
1419# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1420#
1421# Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan
1422Zone Asia/Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Alma-Ata
1423 5:00 - ALMT 1930 Jun 21 # Alma-Ata Time
1424 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 1991
1425 6:00 - ALMT 1992
1426 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 2005 Mar 15
1427 6:00 - ALMT
1428# Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.)
1429Zone Asia/Qyzylorda 4:21:52 - LMT 1924 May 2
1430 4:00 - KIZT 1930 Jun 21 # Kizilorda Time
1431 5:00 - KIZT 1981 Apr 1
1432 5:00 1:00 KIZST 1981 Oct 1
1433 6:00 - KIZT 1982 Apr 1
1434 5:00 RussiaAsia KIZ%sT 1991
1435 5:00 - KIZT 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1436 5:00 - QYZT 1992 Jan 19 2:00
1437 6:00 RussiaAsia QYZ%sT 2005 Mar 15
1438 6:00 - QYZT
1439# Aqtobe (aka Aktobe, formerly Akt'ubinsk)
1440Zone Asia/Aqtobe 3:48:40 - LMT 1924 May 2
1441 4:00 - AKTT 1930 Jun 21 # Aktyubinsk Time
1442 5:00 - AKTT 1981 Apr 1
1443 5:00 1:00 AKTST 1981 Oct 1
1444 6:00 - AKTT 1982 Apr 1
1445 5:00 RussiaAsia AKT%sT 1991
1446 5:00 - AKTT 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1447 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Aqtobe Time
1448 5:00 - AQTT
1449# Mangghystau
1450# Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region,
1451# so include time stamps before 1963.
1452Zone Asia/Aqtau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May 2
1453 4:00 - FORT 1930 Jun 21 # Fort Shevchenko T
1454 5:00 - FORT 1963
1455 5:00 - SHET 1981 Oct 1 # Shevchenko Time
1456 6:00 - SHET 1982 Apr 1
1457 5:00 RussiaAsia SHE%sT 1991
1458 5:00 - SHET 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1459 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 1995 Mar lastSun 2:00 # Aqtau Time
1460 4:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15
1461 5:00 - AQTT
1462# West Kazakhstan
1463Zone Asia/Oral 3:25:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ural'sk
1464 4:00 - URAT 1930 Jun 21 # Ural'sk time
1465 5:00 - URAT 1981 Apr 1
1466 5:00 1:00 URAST 1981 Oct 1
1467 6:00 - URAT 1982 Apr 1
1468 5:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00
1469 4:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1991
1470 4:00 - URAT 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1471 4:00 RussiaAsia ORA%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Oral Time
1472 5:00 - ORAT
1473
1474# Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan)
1475# Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger.
1476
1477# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15):
1478# According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway
1479# <http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml>
1480# Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system. I take the article
1481# to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC.
1482# From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21):
1483# Our government cancels daylight saving time 6th of August 2005.
1484# From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving.
1485
1486# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1487Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Apr Sun>=7 0:00s 1:00 S
1488Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1489Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:30 1:00 S
1490Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2004 - Oct lastSun 2:30 0 -
1491# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1492Zone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
1493 5:00 - FRUT 1930 Jun 21 # Frunze Time
1494 6:00 RussiaAsia FRU%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1495 5:00 1:00 FRUST 1991 Aug 31 2:00 # independence
1496 5:00 Kyrgyz KG%sT 2005 Aug 12 # Kyrgyzstan Time
1497 6:00 - KGT
1498
1499###############################################################################
1500
1501# Korea (North and South)
1502
1503# From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10) in
1504# <http://www.koreaherald.co.kr/SITE/data/html_dir/2006/07/10/200607100012.asp>:
1505# The Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy has already
1506# commissioned a research project [to reintroduce DST] and has said
1507# the system may begin as early as 2008.... Korea ran a daylight
1508# saving program from 1949-61 but stopped it during the 1950-53 Korean War.
1509
1510# From Shanks & Pottenger:
1511# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1512Rule ROK 1960 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D
1513Rule ROK 1960 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
1514Rule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 D
1515Rule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
1516
1517# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1518Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1890
1519 8:30 - KST 1904 Dec
1520 9:00 - KST 1928
1521 8:30 - KST 1932
1522 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
1523 8:00 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10
1524 8:30 - KST 1968 Oct
1525 9:00 ROK K%sT
1526Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1890
1527 8:30 - KST 1904 Dec
1528 9:00 - KST 1928
1529 8:30 - KST 1932
1530 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
1531 8:00 - KST 1961 Aug 10
1532 9:00 - KST
1533
1534###############################################################################
1535
1536# Kuwait
1537# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1538# From the Arab Times (2007-03-14):
1539# The Civil Service Commission (CSC) has approved a proposal forwarded
1540# by MP Ahmad Baqer on implementing the daylight saving time (DST) in
1541# Kuwait starting from April until the end of Sept this year, reports Al-Anba.
1542# <http://www.arabtimesonline.com/arabtimes/kuwait/Viewdet.asp?ID=9950>.
1543# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29):
1544# We don't know the details, or whether the approval means it'll happen,
1545# so for now we assume no DST.
1546Zone Asia/Kuwait 3:11:56 - LMT 1950
1547 3:00 - AST
1548
1549# Laos
1550# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1551Zone Asia/Vientiane 6:50:24 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 # or Viangchan
1552 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
1553 7:00 - ICT 1912 May
1554 8:00 - ICT 1931 May
1555 7:00 - ICT
1556
1557# Lebanon
1558# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1559Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S
1560Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 -
1561Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
1562Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
1563Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
1564Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
1565Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S
1566Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
1567Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1568Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1569Rule Lebanon 1972 only - Jun 22 0:00 1:00 S
1570Rule Lebanon 1972 1977 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1571Rule Lebanon 1973 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1572Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
1573Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
1574Rule Lebanon 1984 1987 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1575Rule Lebanon 1984 1991 - Oct 16 0:00 0 -
1576Rule Lebanon 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
1577Rule Lebanon 1989 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
1578Rule Lebanon 1990 1992 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1579Rule Lebanon 1992 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
1580Rule Lebanon 1993 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
1581Rule Lebanon 1993 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1582Rule Lebanon 1999 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
1583# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1584Zone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880
1585 2:00 Lebanon EE%sT
1586
1587# Malaysia
1588# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1589Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 TS # one-Third Summer
1590Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 -
1591#
1592# peninsular Malaysia
1593# The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
1594# <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>.
1595# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1596Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
1597 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
1598 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time
1599 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1
1600 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1
1601 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16
1602 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
1603 7:30 - MALT 1982 Jan 1
1604 8:00 - MYT # Malaysia Time
1605# Sabah & Sarawak
1606# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1607# The data here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945 and 1982
1608# transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng.
1609# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1610Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar
1611 7:30 - BORT 1933 # Borneo Time
1612 8:00 NBorneo BOR%sT 1942 Feb 16
1613 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
1614 8:00 - BORT 1982 Jan 1
1615 8:00 - MYT
1616
1617# Maldives
1618# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1619Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Male
1620 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Male Mean Time
1621 5:00 - MVT # Maldives Time
1622
1623# Mongolia
1624
1625# Shanks & Pottenger say that Mongolia has three time zones, but
1626# usno1995 and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World (2005-03)
1627# both say that it has just one.
1628
1629# From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11):
1630# <a href="http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm">
1631# General Information Mongolia
1632# </a> (1999-09)
1633# "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of
1634# Bayan-Ulgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and
1635# the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus
1636# eight hours."
1637
1638# From Rives McDow (1999-12-13):
1639# Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998
1640# being the last year it was implemented. The dates of implementation I am
1641# unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time
1642# of implementation may have been different....
1643# Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time
1644# zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod,
1645# Suhbaatar, and possibly Khentij.
1646
1647# From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15):
1648# Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia.
1649# We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone;
1650# the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us,
1651# and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd
1652# is good enough for our purposes.
1653
1654# From Rives McDow (2001-05-13):
1655# In addition to Mongolia starting daylight savings as reported earlier
1656# (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28),
1657# there are three time zones.
1658#
1659# Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-ulgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai
1660# Provinces [at 8:00]: Khovsgol, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Tov,
1661# Bayankhongor, Ovorkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Omnogovi
1662# Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sukhbaatar
1663#
1664# [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.]
1665
1666# From Ganbold Ts., Ulaanbaatar (2004-04-17):
1667# Daylight saving occurs at 02:00 local time last Saturday of March.
1668# It will change back to normal at 02:00 local time last Saturday of
1669# September.... As I remember this rule was changed in 2001.
1670#
1671# From Paul Eggert (2004-04-17):
1672# For now, assume Rives McDow's informant got confused about Friday vs
1673# Saturday, and that his 2001 dates should have 1 added to them.
1674
1675# From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26):
1676# We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones.
1677# Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says
1678# there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft
1679# Windows XP as the source. Risto Nykanen (2005-05-16) reports that
1680# travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UTC+7, UTC+8) with no DST.
1681# Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in
1682# Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed.
1683# He also found
1684# <http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1&>
1685# which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius"
1686# (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones.
1687# The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT
1688# and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sukhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT.
1689# The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the
1690# parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session."
1691# For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation.
1692
1693# From Ganbold Ts. (2007-02-26):
1694# Parliament of Mongolia has just changed the daylight-saving rule in February.
1695# They decided not to adopt daylight-saving time....
1696# http://www.mongolnews.mn/index.php?module=unuudur&sec=view&id=15742
1697
1698# From Deborah Goldsmith (2008-03-30):
1699# We received a bug report claiming that the tz database UTC offset for
1700# Asia/Choibalsan (GMT+09:00) is incorrect, and that it should be GMT
1701# +08:00 instead. Different sources appear to disagree with the tz
1702# database on this, e.g.:
1703#
1704# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026">
1705# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026
1706# </a>
1707# <a href="http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx">
1708# http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx
1709# </a>
1710#
1711# both say GMT+08:00.
1712
1713# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-31):
1714# eznis airways, which operates several domestic flights, has a flight
1715# schedule here:
1716# <a href="http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112">
1717# http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112
1718# </a>
1719# (click the English flag for English)
1720#
1721# There it appears that flights between Choibalsan and Ulaanbatar arrive
1722# about 1:35 - 1:50 hours later in local clock time, no matter the
1723# direction, while Ulaanbaatar-Khvod takes 2 hours in the Eastern
1724# direction and 3:35 back, which indicates that Ulaanbatar and Khvod are
1725# in different time zones (like we know about), while Choibalsan and
1726# Ulaanbatar are in the same time zone (correction needed).
1727
1728# From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
1729# Assume that Choibalsan is indeed offset by 8:00.
1730# XXX--in the absence of better information, assume that transition
1731# was at the start of 2008-03-31 (the day of Steffen Thorsen's report);
1732# this is almost surely wrong.
1733
1734# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1735Rule Mongol 1983 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1736Rule Mongol 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1737# Shanks & Pottenger and IATA SSIM say 1990s switches occurred at 00:00,
1738# but McDow says the 2001 switches occurred at 02:00. Also, IATA SSIM
1739# (1996-09) says 1996-10-25. Go with Shanks & Pottenger through 1998.
1740#
1741# Shanks & Pottenger say that the Sept. 1984 through Sept. 1990 switches
1742# in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Sukhbaatar) took place
1743# at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00 local time as in the rest of
1744# the country. That would be odd, and possibly is a result of their
1745# correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly
1746# in the latest edition; so ignore it for now.
1747
1748Rule Mongol 1985 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
1749Rule Mongol 1984 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1750# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST.
1751Rule Mongol 2001 only - Apr lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
1752Rule Mongol 2001 2006 - Sep lastSat 2:00 0 -
1753Rule Mongol 2002 2006 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
1754
1755# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1756# Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta
1757Zone Asia/Hovd 6:06:36 - LMT 1905 Aug
1758 6:00 - HOVT 1978 # Hovd Time
1759 7:00 Mongol HOV%sT
1760# Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga
1761Zone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug
1762 7:00 - ULAT 1978 # Ulaanbaatar Time
1763 8:00 Mongol ULA%sT
1764# Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tuemen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan,
1765# Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan
1766Zone Asia/Choibalsan 7:38:00 - LMT 1905 Aug
1767 7:00 - ULAT 1978
1768 8:00 - ULAT 1983 Apr
1769 9:00 Mongol CHO%sT 2008 Mar 31 # Choibalsan Time
1770 8:00 Mongol CHO%sT
1771
1772# Nepal
1773# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1774Zone Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920
1775 5:30 - IST 1986
1776 5:45 - NPT # Nepal Time
1777
1778# Oman
1779# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1780Zone Asia/Muscat 3:54:20 - LMT 1920
1781 4:00 - GST
1782
1783# Pakistan
1784
1785# From Rives McDow (2002-03-13):
1786# I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a
1787# TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002
1788# and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002. This is what I was
1789# told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the
1790# 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on.
1791
1792# From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15):
1793# Jesper Norgaard found this URL:
1794# http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm
1795# (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to
1796# advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first
1797# Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on
1798# 15th October each year". This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00,
1799# but disagrees about the October transition, and makes it sound like
1800# it's not on a trial basis. Also, the "between the first Saturday
1801# and Sunday of April" phrase, if taken literally, means that the
1802# transition takes place at 00:00 on the first Sunday on or after 04-02.
1803
1804# From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09):
1805# DAWN <http://www.dawn.com/2002/10/06/top13.htm> reported on 2002-10-05
1806# that 2002 DST ended that day at midnight. Go with McDow for now.
1807
1808# From Steffen Thorsen (2003-03-14):
1809# According to http://www.dawn.com/2003/03/07/top15.htm
1810# there will be no DST in Pakistan this year:
1811#
1812# ISLAMABAD, March 6: Information and Media Development Minister Sheikh
1813# Rashid Ahmed on Thursday said the cabinet had reversed a previous
1814# decision to advance clocks by one hour in summer and put them back by
1815# one hour in winter with the aim of saving light hours and energy.
1816#
1817# The minister told a news conference that the experiment had rather
1818# shown 8 per cent higher consumption of electricity.
1819
1820# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-15):
1821#
1822# Here is an article that Pakistan plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time
1823# on June 1, 2008 for 3 months.
1824#
1825# "... The federal cabinet on Wednesday announced a new conservation plan to help
1826# reduce load shedding by approving the closure of commercial centres at 9pm and
1827# moving clocks forward by one hour for the next three months.
1828# ...."
1829#
1830# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html">
1831# http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html
1832# </a>
1833# OR
1834# <a href="http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4">
1835# http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4
1836# </a>
1837
1838# From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
1839# XXX--midnight transitions is a guess; 2008 only is a guess.
1840
1841# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28):
1842# Pakistan government has decided to keep the watches one-hour advanced
1843# for another 2 months--plan to return to Standard Time on October 31
1844# instead of August 31.
1845#
1846# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html">
1847# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html
1848# </a>
1849# OR
1850# <a href="http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html">
1851# http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html
1852# </a>
1853
1854# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-04-08):
1855# Based on previous media reports that "... proposed plan to
1856# advance clocks by one hour from May 1 will cause disturbance
1857# to the working schedules rather than bringing discipline in
1858# official working."
1859# <a href="http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280">
1860# http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280
1861# </a>
1862#
1863# recent news that instead of May 2009 - Pakistan plan to
1864# introduce DST from April 15, 2009
1865#
1866# FYI: Associated Press Of Pakistan
1867# April 08, 2009
1868# Cabinet okays proposal to advance clocks by one hour from April 15
1869# <a href="http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1">
1870# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1
1871# </a>
1872#
1873# or
1874#
1875# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html">
1876# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html
1877# </a>
1878#
1879# ....
1880# The Federal Cabinet on Wednesday approved the proposal to
1881# advance clocks in the country by one hour from April 15 to
1882# conserve energy"
1883
1884# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-17):
1885# "The News International," Pakistan reports that: "The Federal
1886# Government has decided to restore the previous time by moving the
1887# clocks backward by one hour from October 1. A formal announcement to
1888# this effect will be made after the Prime Minister grants approval in
1889# this regard."
1890# <a href="http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168">
1891# http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168
1892# </a>
1893
1894# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-28):
1895# According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that
1896# Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from October
1897# 1, 2009.
1898#
1899# "Clocks to go back one hour from 1 Oct"
1900# <a href="http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2">
1901# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2
1902# </a>
1903# or
1904# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm">
1905# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm
1906# </a>
1907
1908# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-29):
1909# Alexander Krivenyshev wrote:
1910# > According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that
1911# > Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from October
1912# > 1, 2009.
1913#
1914# Now they seem to have changed their mind, November 1 is the new date:
1915# <a href="http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742">
1916# http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742
1917# </a>
1918# "The country's clocks will be reversed by one hour on November 1.
1919# Officials of Federal Ministry for Interior told this to Geo News on
1920# Monday."
1921#
1922# And more importantly, it seems that these dates will be kept every year:
1923# "It has now been decided that clocks will be wound forward by one hour
1924# on April 15 and reversed by an hour on November 1 every year without
1925# obtaining prior approval, the officials added."
1926#
1927# We have confirmed this year's end date with both with the Ministry of
1928# Water and Power and the Pakistan Electric Power Company:
1929# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html">
1930# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html
1931# </a>
1932
1933# From Christoph Goehre (2009-10-01):
1934# [T]he German Consulate General in Karachi reported me today that Pakistan
1935# will go back to standard time on 1st of November.
1936
1937# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1938Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Apr Sun>=2 0:01 1:00 S
1939Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Oct Sun>=2 0:01 0 -
1940Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
1941Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
1942Rule Pakistan 2009 max - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S
1943Rule Pakistan 2009 max - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
1944# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1945Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907
1946 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
1947 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15
1948 5:30 - IST 1951 Sep 30
1949 5:00 - KART 1971 Mar 26 # Karachi Time
1950 5:00 Pakistan PK%sT # Pakistan Time
1951
1952# Palestine
1953
1954# From Amos Shapir (1998-02-15):
1955#
1956# From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now
1957# known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule.
1958# Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too...
1959#
1960# The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05
1961# (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no
1962# time zone was affected then). It was never formally annexed to Egypt,
1963# though.
1964#
1965# The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally
1966# annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from
1967# the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the
1968# Trans-Jordan"). So the rules for Jordan for that time apply. Major
1969# towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and
1970# East Jerusalem.
1971#
1972# Both areas were occupied by Israel in June 1967, but not annexed (except
1973# for East Jerusalem). They were on Israel time since then; there might
1974# have been a Military Governor's order about time zones, but I'm not aware
1975# of any (such orders may have been issued semi-annually whenever summer
1976# time was in effect, but maybe the legal aspect of time was just neglected).
1977#
1978# The Palestinian Authority was established in 1993, and got hold of most
1979# towns in the West Bank and Gaza by 1995. I know that in order to
1980# demonstrate...independence, they have been switching to
1981# summer time and back on a different schedule than Israel's, but I don't
1982# know when this was started, or what algorithm is used (most likely the
1983# Jordanian one).
1984#
1985# To summarize, the table should probably look something like that:
1986#
1987# Area \ when | 1918-1947 | 1948-1967 | 1967-1995 | 1996-
1988# ------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------
1989# Israel | Zion | Zion | Zion | Zion
1990# West bank | Zion | Jordan | Zion | Jordan
1991# Gaza | Zion | Egypt | Zion | Jordan
1992#
1993# I guess more info may be available from the PA's web page (if/when they
1994# have one).
1995
1996# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1997# Shanks & Pottenger write that Gaza did not observe DST until 1957, but go
1998# with Shapir and assume that it observed DST from 1940 through 1947,
1999# and that it used Jordanian rules starting in 1996.
2000# We don't yet need a separate entry for the West Bank, since
2001# the only differences between it and Gaza that we know about
2002# occurred before our cutoff date of 1970.
2003# However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries
2004# for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules
2005# to Palestine's rules. If you have more info about this, please
2006# send it to tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for incorporation into future editions.
2007
2008# From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time,
2009# forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg:
2010#
2011# Despite the fact that Israel changed over to daylight savings time
2012# last week, the PLO Authority (PA) has decided not to turn its clocks
2013# one-hour forward at this time. As a sign of independence from Israeli rule,
2014# the PA has decided to implement DST in April.
2015
2016# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20):
2017# Daoud Kuttab writes in
2018# <a href="http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html">
2019# Holiday havoc
2020# </a> (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that
2021# the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15.
2022# I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source).
2023# For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00,
2024# and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October.
2025
2026# From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
2027# Starting 2004 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
2028
2029# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23):
2030# A user from Gaza reported that Gaza made the change early because of
2031# the Ramadan. Next year Ramadan will be even earlier, so I think
2032# there is a good chance next year's end date will be around two weeks
2033# earlier--the same goes for Jordan.
2034
2035# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17):
2036# I was informed by a user in Bethlehem that in Bethlehem it started the
2037# same day as Israel, and after checking with other users in the area, I
2038# was informed that they started DST one day after Israel. I was not
2039# able to find any authoritative sources at the time, nor details if
2040# Gaza changed as well, but presumed Gaza to follow the same rules as
2041# the West Bank.
2042
2043# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-26):
2044# according to the Palestine News Network (2006-09-19):
2045# http://english.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=596&Itemid=5
2046# > The Council of Ministers announced that this year its winter schedule
2047# > will begin early, as of midnight Thursday. It is also time to turn
2048# > back the clocks for winter. Friday will begin an hour late this week.
2049# I guess it is likely that next year's date will be moved as well,
2050# because of the Ramadan.
2051
2052# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2007-09-18):
2053# According to Steffen Thorsen's web site the Gaza Strip and the rest of the
2054# Palestinian territories left DST early on 13.th. of September at 2:00.
2055
2056# From Paul Eggert (2007-09-20):
2057# My understanding is that Gaza and the West Bank disagree even over when
2058# the weekend is (Thursday+Friday versus Friday+Saturday), so I'd be a bit
2059# surprised if they agreed about DST. But for now, assume they agree.
2060# For lack of better information, predict that future changes will be
2061# the 2nd Thursday of September at 02:00.
2062
2063# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28):
2064# Here is an article, that Mideast running on different clocks at Ramadan.
2065#
2066# Gaza Strip (as Egypt) ended DST at midnight Thursday (Aug 28, 2008), while
2067# the West Bank will end Daylight Saving Time at midnight Sunday (Aug 31, 2008).
2068#
2069# <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001">
2070# http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001
2071# </a>
2072# <a href="http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087">
2073# http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087
2074# </a>
2075# or
2076# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html">
2077# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html
2078# </a>
2079
2080# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-26):
2081# According to the Palestine News Network (arabic.pnn.ps), Palestinian
2082# government decided to start Daylight Time on Thursday night March
2083# 26 and continue until the night of 27 September 2009.
2084#
2085# (in Arabic)
2086# <a href="http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850">
2087# http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850
2088# </a>
2089#
2090# or
2091# (English translation)
2092# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html">
2093# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html
2094# </a>
2095
2096# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-31):
2097# Palestine's Council of Ministers announced that they will revert back to
2098# winter time on Friday, 2009-09-04.
2099#
2100# One news source:
2101# <a href="http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158">
2102# http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158
2103# </a>
2104# (Palestinian press agency, Arabic),
2105# Google translate: "Decided that the Palestinian government in Ramallah
2106# headed by Salam Fayyad, the start of work in time for the winter of
2107# 2009, starting on Friday approved the fourth delay Sept. clock sixty
2108# minutes per hour as of Friday morning."
2109#
2110# We are not sure if Gaza will do the same, last year they had a different
2111# end date, we will keep this page updated:
2112# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html">
2113# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html
2114# </a>
2115
2116# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-02):
2117# Seems that Gaza Strip will go back to Winter Time same date as West Bank.
2118#
2119# According to Palestinian Ministry Of Interior, West Bank and Gaza Strip plan
2120# to change time back to Standard time on September 4, 2009.
2121#
2122# "Winter time unite the West Bank and Gaza"
2123# (from Palestinian National Authority):
2124# <a href="http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505
2125# http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505
2126# </a>
2127# or
2128# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html>
2129# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html
2130# </a>
2131
2132# The rules for Egypt are stolen from the `africa' file.
2133# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2134Rule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
2135Rule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2136Rule EgyptAsia 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
2137Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1967 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
2138Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
2139Rule EgyptAsia 1966 only - Oct 1 3:00 0 -
2140
2141Rule Palestine 1999 2005 - Apr Fri>=15 0:00 1:00 S
2142Rule Palestine 1999 2003 - Oct Fri>=15 0:00 0 -
2143Rule Palestine 2004 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
2144Rule Palestine 2005 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
2145Rule Palestine 2006 2008 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
2146Rule Palestine 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
2147Rule Palestine 2007 only - Sep Thu>=8 2:00 0 -
2148Rule Palestine 2008 only - Aug lastFri 2:00 0 -
2149Rule Palestine 2009 max - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
2150Rule Palestine 2009 max - Sep Fri>=1 2:00 0 -
2151
2152# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2153Zone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct
2154 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15
2155 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5
2156 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996
2157 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999
2158 2:00 Palestine EE%sT
2159
2160# Paracel Is
2161# no information
2162
2163# Philippines
2164# On 1844-08-16, Narciso Claveria, governor-general of the
2165# Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to
2166# be immediately followed by 1845-01-01. Robert H. van Gent has a
2167# transcript of the decree in <http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/idl/idl.htm>.
2168# The rest of the data are from Shanks & Pottenger.
2169
2170# From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25):
2171# Tomorrow's Manila Standard reports that the Philippines Department of
2172# Trade and Industry is considering adopting DST this June when the
2173# rainy season begins. See
2174# <http://www.manilastandardtoday.com/?page=politics02_april26_2006>.
2175# For now, we'll ignore this, since it's not definite and we lack details.
2176#
2177# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-04-26):
2178# ... claims that Philippines had DST last time in 1990:
2179# http://story.philippinetimes.com/p.x/ct/9/id/145be20cc6b121c0/cid/3e5bbccc730d258c/
2180# [a story dated 2006-04-25 by Cris Larano of Dow Jones Newswires,
2181# but no details]
2182
2183# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2184Rule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 S
2185Rule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 -
2186Rule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 S
2187Rule Phil 1954 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 -
2188Rule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 S
2189Rule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
2190# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2191Zone Asia/Manila -15:56:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
2192 8:04:00 - LMT 1899 May 11
2193 8:00 Phil PH%sT 1942 May
2194 9:00 - JST 1944 Nov
2195 8:00 Phil PH%sT
2196
2197# Qatar
2198# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2199Zone Asia/Qatar 3:26:08 - LMT 1920 # Al Dawhah / Doha
2200 4:00 - GST 1972 Jun
2201 3:00 - AST
2202
2203# Saudi Arabia
2204# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2205Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1950
2206 3:00 - AST
2207
2208# Singapore
2209# The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
2210# <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>.
2211# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2212Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
2213 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
2214 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time
2215 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1
2216 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1
2217 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16
2218 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
2219 7:30 - MALT 1965 Aug 9 # independence
2220 7:30 - SGT 1982 Jan 1 # Singapore Time
2221 8:00 - SGT
2222
2223# Spratly Is
2224# no information
2225
2226# Sri Lanka
2227# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
2228# "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout"
2229# (www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html, 1996-05-24,
2230# no longer available as of 1999-08-17)
2231# reported ``the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at
2232# midnight Friday (1830 GMT) `in the light of the present power crisis'.''
2233#
2234# From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted
2235# by Shamindra in
2236# <a href="news:54rka5$m5h@mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net">
2237# Daily News - Hot News Section (1996-10-26)
2238# </a>:
2239# With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996
2240# Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT.
2241
2242# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-04-14), quoting Sri Lanka News Online
2243# <http://news.sinhalaya.com/wmview.php?ArtID=11002> (2006-04-13):
2244# 0030 hrs on April 15, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006 +30 minutes)
2245# at present, become 2400 hours of April 14, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006).
2246
2247# From Peter Apps and Ranga Sirila of Reuters (2006-04-12) in:
2248# <http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=scienceNews&storyID=2006-04-12T172228Z_01_COL295762_RTRIDST_0_SCIENCE-SRILANKA-TIME-DC.XML>
2249# [The Tamil Tigers] never accepted the original 1996 time change and simply
2250# kept their clocks set five and a half hours ahead of Greenwich Mean
2251# Time (GMT), in line with neighbor India.
2252# From Paul Eggert (2006-04-18):
2253# People who live in regions under Tamil control can use [TZ='Asia/Kolkata'],
2254# as that zone has agreed with the Tamil areas since our cutoff date of 1970.
2255
2256# From K Sethu (2006-04-25):
2257# I think the abbreviation LKT originated from the world of computers at
2258# the time of or subsequent to the time zone changes by SL Government
2259# twice in 1996 and probably SL Government or its standardization
2260# agencies never declared an abbreviation as a national standard.
2261#
2262# I recollect before the recent change the government annoucemments
2263# mentioning it as simply changing Sri Lanka Standard Time or Sri Lanka
2264# Time and no mention was made about the abbreviation.
2265#
2266# If we look at Sri Lanka Department of Government's "Official News
2267# Website of Sri Lanka" ... http://www.news.lk/ we can see that they
2268# use SLT as abbreviation in time stamp at the beginning of each news
2269# item....
2270#
2271# Within Sri Lanka I think LKT is well known among computer users and
2272# adminsitrators. In my opinion SLT may not be a good choice because the
2273# nation's largest telcom / internet operator Sri Lanka Telcom is well
2274# known by that abbreviation - simply as SLT (there IP domains are
2275# slt.lk and sltnet.lk).
2276#
2277# But if indeed our government has adopted SLT as standard abbreviation
2278# (that we have not known so far) then it is better that it be used for
2279# all computers.
2280
2281# From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25):
2282# One possibility is that we wait for a bit for the dust to settle down
2283# and then see what people actually say in practice.
2284
2285# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2286Zone Asia/Colombo 5:19:24 - LMT 1880
2287 5:19:32 - MMT 1906 # Moratuwa Mean Time
2288 5:30 - IST 1942 Jan 5
2289 5:30 0:30 IHST 1942 Sep
2290 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 16 2:00
2291 5:30 - IST 1996 May 25 0:00
2292 6:30 - LKT 1996 Oct 26 0:30
2293 6:00 - LKT 2006 Apr 15 0:30
2294 5:30 - IST
2295
2296# Syria
2297# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2298Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S
2299Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
2300Rule Syria 1962 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 S
2301Rule Syria 1962 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2302Rule Syria 1963 1965 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S
2303Rule Syria 1963 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
2304Rule Syria 1964 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2305Rule Syria 1965 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
2306Rule Syria 1966 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 S
2307Rule Syria 1966 1976 - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2308Rule Syria 1967 1978 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S
2309Rule Syria 1977 1978 - Sep 1 2:00 0 -
2310Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Apr 9 2:00 1:00 S
2311Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2312Rule Syria 1986 only - Feb 16 2:00 1:00 S
2313Rule Syria 1986 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 -
2314Rule Syria 1987 only - Mar 1 2:00 1:00 S
2315Rule Syria 1987 1988 - Oct 31 2:00 0 -
2316Rule Syria 1988 only - Mar 15 2:00 1:00 S
2317Rule Syria 1989 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
2318Rule Syria 1989 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
2319Rule Syria 1990 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 S
2320Rule Syria 1990 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
2321Rule Syria 1991 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
2322Rule Syria 1991 1992 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2323Rule Syria 1992 only - Apr 8 0:00 1:00 S
2324Rule Syria 1993 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
2325Rule Syria 1993 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 -
2326# IATA SSIM (1998-02) says 1998-04-02;
2327# (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; (1999-02) says 1999-04-02,
2328# 2000-04-02, and 2001-04-02; (1999-09) says 2000-03-31 and 2001-03-31;
2329# (2006) says 2006-03-31 and 2006-09-22;
2330# for now ignore all these claims and go with Shanks & Pottenger,
2331# except for the 2006-09-22 claim (which seems right for Ramadan).
2332Rule Syria 1994 1996 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
2333Rule Syria 1994 2005 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2334Rule Syria 1997 1998 - Mar lastMon 0:00 1:00 S
2335Rule Syria 1999 2006 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
2336# From Stephen Colebourne (2006-09-18):
2337# According to IATA data, Syria will change DST on 21st September [21:00 UTC]
2338# this year [only].... This is probably related to Ramadan, like Egypt.
2339Rule Syria 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
2340# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29):
2341# Today the AP reported "Syria will switch to summertime at midnight Thursday."
2342# http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/03/29/africa/ME-GEN-Syria-Time-Change.php
2343Rule Syria 2007 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
2344# From Jesper Norgard (2007-10-27):
2345# The sister center ICARDA of my work CIMMYT is confirming that Syria DST will
2346# not take place 1.st November at 0:00 o'clock but 1.st November at 24:00 or
2347# rather Midnight between Thursday and Friday. This does make more sence than
2348# having it between Wednesday and Thursday (two workdays in Syria) since the
2349# weekend in Syria is not Saturday and Sunday, but Friday and Saturday. So now
2350# it is implemented at midnight of the last workday before weekend...
2351#
2352# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-27):
2353# Jesper Norgaard Welen wrote:
2354#
2355# > "Winter local time in Syria will be observed at midnight of Thursday 1
2356# > November 2007, and the clock will be put back 1 hour."
2357#
2358# I found confirmation on this in this gov.sy-article (Arabic):
2359# http://wehda.alwehda.gov.sy/_print_veiw.asp?FileName=12521710520070926111247
2360#
2361# which using Google's translate tools says:
2362# Council of Ministers also approved the commencement of work on
2363# identifying the winter time as of Friday, 2/11/2007 where the 60th
2364# minute delay at midnight Thursday 1/11/2007.
2365Rule Syria 2007 only - Nov Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
2366
2367# From Stephen Colebourne (2008-03-17):
2368# For everyone's info, I saw an IATA time zone change for [Syria] for
2369# this month (March 2008) in the last day or so...This is the data IATA
2370# are now using:
2371# Country Time Standard --- DST Start --- --- DST End --- DST
2372# Name Zone Variation Time Date Time Date
2373# Variation
2374# Syrian Arab
2375# Republic SY +0200 2200 03APR08 2100 30SEP08 +0300
2376# 2200 02APR09 2100 30SEP09 +0300
2377# 2200 01APR10 2100 30SEP10 +0300
2378
2379# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-17):
2380# Here's a link to English-language coverage by the Syrian Arab News
2381# Agency (SANA)...
2382# <a href="http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm">
2383# http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm
2384# </a>...which reads (in part) "The Cabinet approved the suggestion of the
2385# Ministry of Electricity to begin daylight savings time on Friday April
2386# 4th, advancing clocks one hour ahead on midnight of Thursday April 3rd."
2387# Since Syria is two hours east of UTC, the 2200 and 2100 transition times
2388# shown above match up with midnight in Syria.
2389
2390# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
2391# My buest guess at a Syrian rule is "the Friday nearest April 1";
2392# coding that involves either using a "Mar Fri>=29" construct that old time zone
2393# compilers can't handle or having multiple Rules (a la Israel).
2394# For now, use "Apr Fri>=1", and go with IATA on a uniform Sep 30 end.
2395
2396# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-10-07):
2397# Syria has now officially decided to end DST on 2008-11-01 this year,
2398# according to the following article in the Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA).
2399#
2400# The article is in Arabic, and seems to tell that they will go back to
2401# winter time on 2008-11-01 at 00:00 local daylight time (delaying/setting
2402# clocks back 60 minutes).
2403#
2404# <a href="http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm">
2405# http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm
2406# </a>
2407
2408# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-19):
2409# Syria will start DST on 2009-03-27 00:00 this year according to many sources,
2410# two examples:
2411#
2412# <a href="http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm">
2413# http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm
2414# </a>
2415# (English, Syrian Arab News # Agency)
2416# <a href="http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209">
2417# http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209
2418# </a>
2419# (Arabic, gov-site)
2420#
2421# We have not found any sources saying anything about when DST ends this year.
2422#
2423# Our summary
2424# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html">
2425# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html
2426# </a>
2427
2428# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-27):
2429# The Syrian Arab News Network on 2009-09-29 reported that Syria will
2430# revert back to winter (standard) time on midnight between Thursday
2431# 2009-10-29 and Friday 2009-10-30:
2432# <a href="http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm">
2433# http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm (Arabic)
2434# </a>
2435
2436# From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28):
2437# We'll see if future DST switching times turn out to be end of the last
2438# Thursday of the month or the start of the last Friday of the month or
2439# something else. For now, use the start of the last Friday.
2440
|