232
233# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
234# Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area)
235# Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin
236Zone Asia/Harbin 8:26:44 - LMT 1928 # or Haerbin
237 8:30 - CHAT 1932 Mar # Changbai Time
238 8:00 - CST 1940
239 9:00 - CHAT 1966 May
240 8:30 - CHAT 1980 May
241 8:00 PRC C%sT
242# Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time")
243# most of China
244Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:52 - LMT 1928
245 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949
246 8:00 PRC C%sT
247# Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area)
248# Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan;
249# most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; west Qinghai; and the Guangdong
250# counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing,
251# Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu.
252Zone Asia/Chongqing 7:06:20 - LMT 1928 # or Chungking
253 7:00 - LONT 1980 May # Long-shu Time
254 8:00 PRC C%sT
255# Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time")
256# The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai;
257# the Guangdong counties Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang,
258# Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi;
259# east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi;
260# east Xinjiang, including Urumqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe,
261# Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin,
262# Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami,
263# Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan.
264Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928 # or Urumchi
265 6:00 - URUT 1980 May # Urumqi Time
266 8:00 PRC C%sT
267# Kunlun Time
268# West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule;
269# West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke,
270# Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding,
271# and Yarkand.
272Zone Asia/Kashgar 5:03:56 - LMT 1928 # or Kashi or Kaxgar
273 5:30 - KAST 1940 # Kashgar Time
274 5:00 - KAST 1980 May
275 8:00 PRC C%sT
276
277# Hong Kong (Xianggang)
278# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
279Rule HK 1946 only - Apr 20 3:30 1:00 S
280Rule HK 1946 only - Dec 1 3:30 0 -
281Rule HK 1947 only - Apr 13 3:30 1:00 S
282Rule HK 1947 only - Dec 30 3:30 0 -
283Rule HK 1948 only - May 2 3:30 1:00 S
284Rule HK 1948 1952 - Oct lastSun 3:30 0 -
285Rule HK 1949 1953 - Apr Sun>=1 3:30 1:00 S
286Rule HK 1953 only - Nov 1 3:30 0 -
287Rule HK 1954 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 3:30 1:00 S
288Rule HK 1954 only - Oct 31 3:30 0 -
289Rule HK 1955 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 -
290Rule HK 1965 1977 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
291Rule HK 1965 1977 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
292Rule HK 1979 1980 - May Sun>=8 3:30 1:00 S
293Rule HK 1979 1980 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
294# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
295Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:36 - LMT 1904 Oct 30
296 8:00 HK HK%sT
297
298
299###############################################################################
300
301# Taiwan
302
303# Shanks & Pottenger write that Taiwan observed DST during 1945, when it
304# was still controlled by Japan. This is hard to believe, but we don't
305# have any other information.
306
307# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
308Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
309Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
310Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D
311Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
312Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
313Rule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
314Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
315Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
316Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
317Rule Taiwan 1980 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 D
318Rule Taiwan 1980 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S
319# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
320Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 # or Taibei or T'ai-pei
321 8:00 Taiwan C%sT
322
323# Macau (Macao, Aomen)
324# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
325Rule Macau 1961 1962 - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
326Rule Macau 1961 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 -
327Rule Macau 1963 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
328Rule Macau 1964 only - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
329Rule Macau 1965 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
330Rule Macau 1965 only - Oct 31 0:00 0 -
331Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
332Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
333Rule Macau 1972 1974 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
334Rule Macau 1972 1973 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
335Rule Macau 1974 1977 - Oct Sun>=15 3:30 0 -
336Rule Macau 1975 1977 - Apr Sun>=15 3:30 1:00 S
337Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
338Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
339# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
340Zone Asia/Macau 7:34:20 - LMT 1912
341 8:00 Macau MO%sT 1999 Dec 20 # return to China
342 8:00 PRC C%sT
343
344
345###############################################################################
346
347# Cyprus
348# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
349Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S
350Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 -
351Rule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
352Rule Cyprus 1976 only - Oct 11 0:00 0 -
353Rule Cyprus 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
354Rule Cyprus 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 -
355Rule Cyprus 1978 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
356Rule Cyprus 1979 1997 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
357Rule Cyprus 1981 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
358# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
359Zone Asia/Nicosia 2:13:28 - LMT 1921 Nov 14
360 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep
361 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT
362# IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time.
363
364# Classically, Cyprus belongs to Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72.
365# However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe.
366Link Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia
367
368# Georgia
369# From Paul Eggert (1994-11-19):
370# Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward
371# an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze,
372# an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it!
373# We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall.
374#
375# From Mathew Englander, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04):
376# Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia
377# will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy,
378# President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday.
379#
380# From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27):
381#
382# Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday... The former Soviet
383# republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow. As a result it
384# is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours
385# ahead. The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia,
386# Mikhail Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process
387# of integration into Europe.
388
389# From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07):
390# Government of Georgia ... decided to NOT CHANGE daylight savings time on
391# [Oct.] 30, as it was done before during last more than 10 years.
392# Currently, we are in fact GMT +4:00, as before 30 October it was GMT
393# +3:00.... The problem is, there is NO FORMAL LAW or governmental document
394# about it. As far as I can find, I was told, that there is no document,
395# because we just DIDN'T ISSUE document about switching to winter time....
396# I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our
397# DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month.
398
399
400# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
401Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:16 - LMT 1880
402 2:59:16 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time
403 3:00 - TBIT 1957 Mar # Tbilisi Time
404 4:00 RussiaAsia TBI%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
405 3:00 1:00 TBIST 1991 Apr 9 # independence
406 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 1992 # Georgia Time
407 3:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1994 Sep lastSun
408 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1996 Oct lastSun
409 4:00 1:00 GEST 1997 Mar lastSun
410 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 2004 Jun 27
411 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 2005 Mar lastSun 2:00
412 4:00 - GET
413
414# East Timor
415
416# See Indonesia for the 1945 transition.
417
418# From Joao Carrascalao, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in
419# <a href="http://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm">
420# East Timor may be late for its millennium
421# </a> (1999-12-26/31):
422# Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun
423# rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the
424# Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it
425# conflicts with their way of life.
426
427# From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
428# We don't have any record of the above attempt.
429# Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data.
430
431# <a href="http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/last/00-08-16.undh.html">
432# From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General
433# (2000-08-16)</a>:
434# The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided
435# today to advance East Timor's time by one hour. The time change,
436# which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at
437# midnight on Saturday, September 16.
438
439# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
440Zone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912
441 8:00 - TLT 1942 Feb 21 23:00 # E Timor Time
442 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
443 9:00 - TLT 1976 May 3
444 8:00 - CIT 2000 Sep 17 00:00
445 9:00 - TLT
446
447# India
448# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
449Zone Asia/Kolkata 5:53:28 - LMT 1880 # Kolkata
450 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
451 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time
452 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
453 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15
454 5:30 - IST
455# The following are like Asia/Kolkata:
456# Andaman Is
457# Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is)
458# Nicobar Is
459
460# Indonesia
461#
462# From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger:
463# <http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime>
464# says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01. Looking at some
465# time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat
466# and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7.
467#
468# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-10):
469# Here is another correction to Shanks & Pottenger.
470# JohnTWB writes that Japanese forces did not surrender control in
471# Indonesia until 1945-09-01 00:00 at the earliest (in Jakarta) and
472# other formal surrender ceremonies were September 9, 11, and 13, plus
473# September 12 for the regional surrender to Mountbatten in Singapore.
474# These would be the earliest possible times for a change.
475# Regimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (Editions
476# Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched
477# from JST to UTC+07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura
478# (Hollandia). For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura
479# switched on 1945-09-23.
480#
481# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
482Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10
483# Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13,
484# but this must be a typo.
485 7:07:12 - JMT 1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Jakarta
486 7:20 - JAVT 1932 Nov # Java Time
487 7:30 - WIT 1942 Mar 23
488 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
489 7:30 - WIT 1948 May
490 8:00 - WIT 1950 May
491 7:30 - WIT 1964
492 7:00 - WIT
493Zone Asia/Pontianak 7:17:20 - LMT 1908 May
494 7:17:20 - PMT 1932 Nov # Pontianak MT
495 7:30 - WIT 1942 Jan 29
496 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
497 7:30 - WIT 1948 May
498 8:00 - WIT 1950 May
499 7:30 - WIT 1964
500 8:00 - CIT 1988 Jan 1
501 7:00 - WIT
502Zone Asia/Makassar 7:57:36 - LMT 1920
503 7:57:36 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar MT
504 8:00 - CIT 1942 Feb 9
505 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
506 8:00 - CIT
507Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov
508 9:00 - EIT 1944 Sep 1
509 9:30 - CST 1964
510 9:00 - EIT
511
512# Iran
513
514# From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15):
515# This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian).
516# The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine:
517#
518# Official Newspaper No. 13548-1370/6/25 [1991-09-16]
519# No. 16760/T233 H 1370/6/10 [1991-09-01]
520#
521# The Rule About Change of the Official Time of the Country
522#
523# The Board of Ministers, in the meeting dated 1370/5/23 [1991-08-14],
524# based on the suggestion number 2221/D dated 1370/4/22 [1991-07-13]
525# of the Country's Organization for Official and Employment Affairs,
526# and referring to the law for equating the working hours of workers
527# and officers in the whole country dated 1359/4/23 [1980-07-14], and
528# for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that:
529#
530# The official time of the country will should move forward one hour
531# at the 24[:00] hours of the first day of Farvardin and should return
532# to its previous state at the 24[:00] hours of the 30th day of
533# Shahrivar.
534#
535# First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi
536#
537# From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed
538# for at least the last 5 years. Before that, for a few years, the
539# date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last
540# Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates....
541# I have also changed the abbreviations to what is considered correct
542# here in Iran, IRST for regular time and IRDT for daylight saving time.
543#
544# From Roozbeh Pournader (2005-04-05):
545# The text of the Iranian law, in effect since 1925, clearly mentions
546# that the true solar year is the measure, and there is no arithmetic
547# leap year calculation involved. There has never been any serious
548# plan to change that law....
549#
550# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
551# Go with Shanks & Pottenger before Sept. 1991, and with Pournader thereafter.
552# I used Ed Reingold's cal-persia in GNU Emacs 21.2 to check Persian dates,
553# stopping after 2037 when 32-bit time_t's overflow.
554# That cal-persia used Birashk's approximation, which disagrees with the solar
555# calendar predictions for the year 2025, so I corrected those dates by hand.
556#
557# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future
558# discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar:
559# For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for
560# the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local
561# Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be
562# known exactly, amongst other factors. 2157 is even closer:
563# 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT. But the Gregorian year 2025 should give
564# no interpretation problem whatsoever. By the way, another instant
565# in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between
566# arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058:
567# vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT. The Java version of
568# Reingold's/Dershowitz' calculator gives correctly the Gregorian date
569# 2058-03-21 for 1 Farvardin 1437 (astronomical).
570#
571# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-03-22):
572# Several of my users have reported that Iran will not observe DST anymore:
573# http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-17/0603193812164948.htm
574#
575# From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper Norgaard Welen:
576# ... the Guardian Council ... approved a law on Sunday to re-introduce
577# daylight saving time ...
578# http://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKBLA65048420070916
579#
580# From Roozbeh Pournader (2007-11-05):
581# This is quoted from Official Gazette of the Islamic Republic of
582# Iran, Volume 63, Number 18242, dated Tuesday 1386/6/24
583# [2007-10-16]. I am doing the best translation I can:...
584# The official time of the country will be moved forward for one hour
585# on the 24 hours of the first day of the month of Farvardin and will
586# be changed back to its previous state on the 24 hours of the
587# thirtieth day of Shahrivar.
588#
589# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
590Rule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
591Rule Iran 1978 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 S
592Rule Iran 1979 only - Sep 19 0:00 0 S
593Rule Iran 1980 only - Sep 23 0:00 0 S
594Rule Iran 1991 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 D
595Rule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
596Rule Iran 1991 1995 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
597Rule Iran 1996 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
598Rule Iran 1996 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
599Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
600Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
601Rule Iran 2000 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
602Rule Iran 2000 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
603Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
604Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
605Rule Iran 2004 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
606Rule Iran 2004 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
607Rule Iran 2005 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
608Rule Iran 2005 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
609Rule Iran 2008 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
610Rule Iran 2008 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
611Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
612Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
613Rule Iran 2012 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
614Rule Iran 2012 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
615Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
616Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
617Rule Iran 2016 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
618Rule Iran 2016 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
619Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
620Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
621Rule Iran 2020 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
622Rule Iran 2020 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
623Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
624Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
625Rule Iran 2024 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
626Rule Iran 2024 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
627Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
628Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
629Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
630Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
631Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
632Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
633Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
634Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
635Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
636Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
637Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
638Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
639# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
640Zone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916
641 3:25:44 - TMT 1946 # Tehran Mean Time
642 3:30 - IRST 1977 Nov
643 4:00 Iran IR%sT 1979
644 3:30 Iran IR%sT
645
646
647# Iraq
648#
649# From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12):
650# An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in
651# the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph:
652# "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and
653# are an hour ahead of Baghdad."
654#
655# But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows:
656# In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi
657# Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time. They referred
658# to daylight saving as Saddam time. But, as of today, the time zone
659# in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq.
660#
661# So we'll ignore the Economist's claim.
662
663# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-10):
664# The cabinet in Iraq abolished DST last week, according to the following
665# news sources (in Arabic):
666# <a href="http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html">
667# http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html
668# </a>
669# <a href="http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10">
670# http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10
671# </a>
672#
673# We have published a short article in English about the change:
674# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html">
675# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html
676# </a>
677
678# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
679Rule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
680Rule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
681Rule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
682Rule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
683Rule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 S
684Rule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 D
685# IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the `:01' is a typo.
686# Shanks & Pottenger say Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997; ignore this.
687#
688Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 D
689Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Oct 1 3:00s 0 S
690# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
691Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890
692 2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time?
693 3:00 - AST 1982 May
694 3:00 Iraq A%sT
695
696
697###############################################################################
698
699# Israel
700
701# From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11):
702#
703# I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988. Until then there were three
704# different abbreviations in use:
705#
706# JST Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University]
707# IZT Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion]
708# EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else]
709#
710# Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities,
711# I ruled out JST. As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe,
712# EEST was equally unacceptable. Since "zonal" was not compatible with
713# any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go
714# and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone
715# settings in Israeli computers.
716#
717# In any case, I am happy to share timezone abbreviations with India,
718# high on my favorite-country list (and not only because my wife's
719# family is from India).
720
721# From Shanks & Pottenger:
722# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
723Rule Zion 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
724Rule Zion 1942 1944 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
725Rule Zion 1943 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
726Rule Zion 1944 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
727Rule Zion 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D
728Rule Zion 1945 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 S
729Rule Zion 1946 only - Apr 16 2:00 1:00 D
730Rule Zion 1946 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
731Rule Zion 1948 only - May 23 0:00 2:00 DD
732Rule Zion 1948 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D
733Rule Zion 1948 1949 - Nov 1 2:00 0 S
734Rule Zion 1949 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
735Rule Zion 1950 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D
736Rule Zion 1950 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 S
737Rule Zion 1951 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
738Rule Zion 1951 only - Nov 11 3:00 0 S
739Rule Zion 1952 only - Apr 20 2:00 1:00 D
740Rule Zion 1952 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 S
741Rule Zion 1953 only - Apr 12 2:00 1:00 D
742Rule Zion 1953 only - Sep 13 3:00 0 S
743Rule Zion 1954 only - Jun 13 0:00 1:00 D
744Rule Zion 1954 only - Sep 12 0:00 0 S
745Rule Zion 1955 only - Jun 11 2:00 1:00 D
746Rule Zion 1955 only - Sep 11 0:00 0 S
747Rule Zion 1956 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D
748Rule Zion 1956 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 S
749Rule Zion 1957 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 D
750Rule Zion 1957 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
751Rule Zion 1974 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 D
752Rule Zion 1974 only - Oct 13 0:00 0 S
753Rule Zion 1975 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 D
754Rule Zion 1975 only - Aug 31 0:00 0 S
755Rule Zion 1985 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 D
756Rule Zion 1985 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S
757Rule Zion 1986 only - May 18 0:00 1:00 D
758Rule Zion 1986 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S
759Rule Zion 1987 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D
760Rule Zion 1987 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
761Rule Zion 1988 only - Apr 9 0:00 1:00 D
762Rule Zion 1988 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
763
764# From Ephraim Silverberg
765# (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17, 2000-07-25, 2004-12-22,
766# and 2005-02-17):
767
768# According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of
769# Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes.
770# One thing is entrenched in law, however: that there must be at least 150
771# days of daylight savings time annually. From 1993-1998, the change to
772# daylight savings time was on a Friday morning from midnight IST to
773# 1 a.m IDT; up until 1998, the change back to standard time was on a
774# Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time to 11 p.m. standard
775# time. 1996 is an exception to this rule where the change back to standard
776# time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday night to avoid
777# conflicts with the Jewish New Year. In 1999, the change to
778# daylight savings time was still on a Friday morning but from
779# 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time
780# was also on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST for
781# 1999 only. In the year 2000, the change to daylight savings time was
782# similar to 1999, but although the change back will be on a Friday, it
783# will take place from 1 a.m. IDT to midnight IST. Starting in 2001, all
784# changes to/from will take place at 1 a.m. old time, but now there is no
785# rule as to what day of the week it will take place in as the start date
786# (except in 2003) is the night after the Passover Seder (i.e. the eve
787# of the 16th of Nisan in the lunar Hebrew calendar) and the end date
788# (except in 2002) is three nights before Yom Kippur [Day of Atonement]
789# (the eve of the 7th of Tishrei in the lunar Hebrew calendar).
790
791# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
792Rule Zion 1989 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D
793Rule Zion 1989 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
794Rule Zion 1990 only - Mar 25 0:00 1:00 D
795Rule Zion 1990 only - Aug 26 0:00 0 S
796Rule Zion 1991 only - Mar 24 0:00 1:00 D
797Rule Zion 1991 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 S
798Rule Zion 1992 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 D
799Rule Zion 1992 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S
800Rule Zion 1993 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 D
801Rule Zion 1993 only - Sep 5 0:00 0 S
802
803# The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the
804# Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel. The spokeswoman can be reached by
805# calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448.
806
807# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
808Rule Zion 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
809Rule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0 S
810Rule Zion 1995 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
811Rule Zion 1995 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
812
813# The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the
814# time, Haim Ramon. The official announcement regarding 1996-1998
815# (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at:
816#
817# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz
818#
819# The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa.
820#
821# The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at:
822#
823# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz
824#
825# where YYYY is the relevant year.
826
827# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
828Rule Zion 1996 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D
829Rule Zion 1996 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S
830Rule Zion 1997 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
831Rule Zion 1997 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S
832Rule Zion 1998 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 D
833Rule Zion 1998 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S
834Rule Zion 1999 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 D
835Rule Zion 1999 only - Sep 3 2:00 0 S
836
837# The Knesset Interior Committee has changed the dates for 2000 for
838# the third time in just over a year and have set new dates for the
839# years 2001-2004 as well.
840#
841# The official announcement for the start date of 2000 can be viewed at:
842#
843# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-start.ps.gz
844#
845# The official announcement for the end date of 2000 and the dates
846# for the years 2001-2004 can be viewed at:
847#
848# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2004.ps.gz
849
850# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
851Rule Zion 2000 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
852Rule Zion 2000 only - Oct 6 1:00 0 S
853Rule Zion 2001 only - Apr 9 1:00 1:00 D
854Rule Zion 2001 only - Sep 24 1:00 0 S
855Rule Zion 2002 only - Mar 29 1:00 1:00 D
856Rule Zion 2002 only - Oct 7 1:00 0 S
857Rule Zion 2003 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 D
858Rule Zion 2003 only - Oct 3 1:00 0 S
859Rule Zion 2004 only - Apr 7 1:00 1:00 D
860Rule Zion 2004 only - Sep 22 1:00 0 S
861
862# The proposed law agreed upon by the Knesset Interior Committee on
863# 2005-02-14 is that, for 2005 and beyond, DST starts at 02:00 the
864# last Friday before April 2nd (i.e. the last Friday in March or April
865# 1st itself if it falls on a Friday) and ends at 02:00 on the Saturday
866# night _before_ the fast of Yom Kippur.
867#
868# Those who can read Hebrew can view the announcement at:
869#
870# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2005+beyond.ps
871
872# From Paul Eggert (2005-02-22):
873# I used Ephraim Silverberg's dst-israel.el program
874# <ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/software/dst-israel.el> (2005-02-20)
875# along with Ed Reingold's cal-hebrew in GNU Emacs 21.4,
876# to generate the transitions in this list.
877# (I replaced "lastFri" with "Fri>=26" by hand.)
878# The spring transitions below all correspond to the following Rule:
879#
880# Rule Zion 2005 max - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
881#
882# but older zic implementations (e.g., Solaris 8) do not support
883# "Fri>=26" to mean April 1 in years like 2005, so for now we list the
884# springtime transitions explicitly.
885
886# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
887Rule Zion 2005 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
888Rule Zion 2005 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S
889Rule Zion 2006 2010 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
890Rule Zion 2006 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 S
891Rule Zion 2007 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S
892Rule Zion 2008 only - Oct 5 2:00 0 S
893Rule Zion 2009 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S
894Rule Zion 2010 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S
895Rule Zion 2011 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
896Rule Zion 2011 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S
897Rule Zion 2012 2015 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
898Rule Zion 2012 only - Sep 23 2:00 0 S
899Rule Zion 2013 only - Sep 8 2:00 0 S
900Rule Zion 2014 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S
901Rule Zion 2015 only - Sep 20 2:00 0 S
902Rule Zion 2016 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
903Rule Zion 2016 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S
904Rule Zion 2017 2021 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
905Rule Zion 2017 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S
906Rule Zion 2018 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S
907Rule Zion 2019 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S
908Rule Zion 2020 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S
909Rule Zion 2021 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S
910Rule Zion 2022 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
911Rule Zion 2022 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S
912Rule Zion 2023 2032 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
913Rule Zion 2023 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S
914Rule Zion 2024 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S
915Rule Zion 2025 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S
916Rule Zion 2026 only - Sep 20 2:00 0 S
917Rule Zion 2027 only - Oct 10 2:00 0 S
918Rule Zion 2028 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S
919Rule Zion 2029 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S
920Rule Zion 2030 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S
921Rule Zion 2031 only - Sep 21 2:00 0 S
922Rule Zion 2032 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S
923Rule Zion 2033 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
924Rule Zion 2033 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S
925Rule Zion 2034 2037 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
926Rule Zion 2034 only - Sep 17 2:00 0 S
927Rule Zion 2035 only - Oct 7 2:00 0 S
928Rule Zion 2036 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S
929Rule Zion 2037 only - Sep 13 2:00 0 S
930
931# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
932Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:56 - LMT 1880
933 2:20:40 - JMT 1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time?
934 2:00 Zion I%sT
935
936
937
938###############################################################################
939
940# Japan
941
942# `9:00' and `JST' is from Guy Harris.
943
944# From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06):
945# Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had
946# daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but ``the system was discontinued
947# because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours.''
948
949# From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times
950# <http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm>:
951# Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on
952# [1948-05-01].... But lack of prior debate and the execution of
953# daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated
954# deep hatred of the concept.... The Diet unceremoniously passed a bill to
955# dump the unpopular system in October 1951, less than a month after the San
956# Francisco Peace Treaty was signed. (A government poll in 1951 showed 53%
957# of the Japanese wanted to scrap daylight-saving time, as opposed to 30% who
958# wanted to keep it.)
959
960# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
961# Shanks & Pottenger write that DST in Japan during those years was as follows:
962# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
963Rule Japan 1948 only - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
964Rule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sat>=8 2:00 0 S
965Rule Japan 1949 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
966Rule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
967# but the only locations using it (for birth certificates, presumably, since
968# their audience is astrologers) were US military bases. For now, assume
969# that for most purposes daylight-saving time was observed; otherwise, what
970# would have been the point of the 1951 poll?
971
972# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09):
973# 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical
974# Observatory: E 139 44' 40".90 (9h 18m 58s.727), N 35 39' 16".0.
975# This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996'
976# edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan....
977# JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST).
978# The law is enacted on 1886-07-07.
979
980# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16):
981# The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan,
982# which stands for the time on E 135 degree.
983# In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central
984# standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard
985# time", which stands for the time on E 120 degree.... But "western standard
986# time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No.
987# 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is
988# standard....
989#
990# I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate.
991# In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor.
992
993# Shanks & Pottenger claim JST in use since 1896, and that a few
994# places (e.g. Ishigaki) use +0800; go with Suzuki. Guess that all
995# ordinances took effect on Jan 1.
996
997# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
998Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u
999 9:00 - JST 1896
1000 9:00 - CJT 1938
1001 9:00 Japan J%sT
1002# Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo.
1003
1004# Jordan
1005#
1006# From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html">
1007# Jordan Week (1999-07-01) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
1008# Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight,
1009# in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time
1010# all year round.
1011#
1012# From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html">
1013# Jordan Week (1999-09-30) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09):
1014# Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back
1015# by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final!
1016# The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in
1017# government's departments from six to seven hours.
1018#
1019# From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
1020# Starting 2003 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
1021#
1022# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23):
1023# For Jordan I have received multiple independent user reports every year
1024# about DST end dates, as the end-rule is different every year.
1025#
1026# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-10-01), after a heads-up from Hilal Malawi:
1027# http://www.petranews.gov.jo/nepras/2006/Sep/05/4000.htm
1028# "Jordan will switch to winter time on Friday, October 27".
1029#
1030# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1031Rule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 S
1032Rule Jordan 1973 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1033Rule Jordan 1974 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1034Rule Jordan 1976 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
1035Rule Jordan 1977 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1036Rule Jordan 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
1037Rule Jordan 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
1038Rule Jordan 1985 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1039Rule Jordan 1985 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1040Rule Jordan 1986 1988 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
1041Rule Jordan 1986 1990 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
1042Rule Jordan 1989 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S
1043Rule Jordan 1990 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 S
1044Rule Jordan 1991 only - Apr 17 0:00 1:00 S
1045Rule Jordan 1991 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 -
1046Rule Jordan 1992 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S
1047Rule Jordan 1992 1993 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
1048Rule Jordan 1993 1998 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
1049Rule Jordan 1994 only - Sep Fri>=15 0:00 0 -
1050Rule Jordan 1995 1998 - Sep Fri>=15 0:00s 0 -
1051Rule Jordan 1999 only - Jul 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1052Rule Jordan 1999 2002 - Sep lastThu 0:00s 0 -
1053Rule Jordan 2000 max - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S
1054Rule Jordan 2003 only - Oct 24 0:00s 0 -
1055Rule Jordan 2004 only - Oct 15 0:00s 0 -
1056Rule Jordan 2005 only - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 -
1057Rule Jordan 2006 max - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 -
1058# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1059Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931
1060 2:00 Jordan EE%sT
1061
1062
1063# Kazakhstan
1064
1065# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
1066# Andrew Evtichov (1996-04-13) writes that Kazakhstan
1067# stayed in sync with Moscow after 1990, and that Aqtobe (formerly Aktyubinsk)
1068# and Aqtau (formerly Shevchenko) are the largest cities in their zones.
1069# Guess that Aqtau and Aqtobe diverged in 1995, since that's the first time
1070# IATA SSIM mentions a third time zone in Kazakhstan.
1071
1072# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1073# German Iofis, ELSI, Almaty (2001-10-09) reports that Kazakhstan uses
1074# RussiaAsia rules, instead of switching at 00:00 as the IATA has it.
1075# Go with Shanks & Pottenger, who have them always using RussiaAsia rules.
1076# Also go with the following claims of Shanks & Pottenger:
1077#
1078# - Kazakhstan did not observe DST in 1991.
1079# - Qyzylorda switched from +5:00 to +6:00 on 1992-01-19 02:00.
1080# - Oral switched from +5:00 to +4:00 in spring 1989.
1081
1082# <a href="http://www.kazsociety.org.uk/news/2005/03/30.htm">
1083# From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin #11 (2005-03-21):
1084# </a>
1085# The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing
1086# daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health
1087# complications coupled with a decrease in productivity.
1088#
1089# From Branislav Kojic (in Astana) via Gwillim Law (2005-06-28):
1090# ... what happened was that the former Kazakhstan Eastern time zone
1091# was "blended" with the Central zone. Therefore, Kazakhstan now has
1092# two time zones, and difference between them is one hour. The zone
1093# closer to UTC is the former Western zone (probably still called the
1094# same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqtobe, Atyrau,
1095# Mangghystau, and West Kazakhstan. The other zone encompasses
1096# everything else.... I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones
1097# de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively.
1098
1099#
1100# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1101#
1102# Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan
1103Zone Asia/Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Alma-Ata
1104 5:00 - ALMT 1930 Jun 21 # Alma-Ata Time
1105 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 1991
1106 6:00 - ALMT 1992
1107 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 2005 Mar 15
1108 6:00 - ALMT
1109# Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.)
1110Zone Asia/Qyzylorda 4:21:52 - LMT 1924 May 2
1111 4:00 - KIZT 1930 Jun 21 # Kizilorda Time
1112 5:00 - KIZT 1981 Apr 1
1113 5:00 1:00 KIZST 1981 Oct 1
1114 6:00 - KIZT 1982 Apr 1
1115 5:00 RussiaAsia KIZ%sT 1991
1116 5:00 - KIZT 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1117 5:00 - QYZT 1992 Jan 19 2:00
1118 6:00 RussiaAsia QYZ%sT 2005 Mar 15
1119 6:00 - QYZT
1120# Aqtobe (aka Aktobe, formerly Akt'ubinsk)
1121Zone Asia/Aqtobe 3:48:40 - LMT 1924 May 2
1122 4:00 - AKTT 1930 Jun 21 # Aktyubinsk Time
1123 5:00 - AKTT 1981 Apr 1
1124 5:00 1:00 AKTST 1981 Oct 1
1125 6:00 - AKTT 1982 Apr 1
1126 5:00 RussiaAsia AKT%sT 1991
1127 5:00 - AKTT 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1128 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Aqtobe Time
1129 5:00 - AQTT
1130# Mangghystau
1131# Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region,
1132# so include time stamps before 1963.
1133Zone Asia/Aqtau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May 2
1134 4:00 - FORT 1930 Jun 21 # Fort Shevchenko T
1135 5:00 - FORT 1963
1136 5:00 - SHET 1981 Oct 1 # Shevchenko Time
1137 6:00 - SHET 1982 Apr 1
1138 5:00 RussiaAsia SHE%sT 1991
1139 5:00 - SHET 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1140 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 1995 Mar lastSun 2:00 # Aqtau Time
1141 4:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15
1142 5:00 - AQTT
1143# West Kazakhstan
1144Zone Asia/Oral 3:25:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ural'sk
1145 4:00 - URAT 1930 Jun 21 # Ural'sk time
1146 5:00 - URAT 1981 Apr 1
1147 5:00 1:00 URAST 1981 Oct 1
1148 6:00 - URAT 1982 Apr 1
1149 5:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00
1150 4:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1991
1151 4:00 - URAT 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1152 4:00 RussiaAsia ORA%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Oral Time
1153 5:00 - ORAT
1154
1155# Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan)
1156# Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger.
1157
1158# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15):
1159# According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway
1160# <http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml>
1161# Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system. I take the article
1162# to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC.
1163# From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21):
1164# Our government cancels daylight saving time 6th of August 2005.
1165# From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving.
1166
1167# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1168Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Apr Sun>=7 0:00s 1:00 S
1169Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1170Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:30 1:00 S
1171Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2004 - Oct lastSun 2:30 0 -
1172# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1173Zone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
1174 5:00 - FRUT 1930 Jun 21 # Frunze Time
1175 6:00 RussiaAsia FRU%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1176 5:00 1:00 FRUST 1991 Aug 31 2:00 # independence
1177 5:00 Kyrgyz KG%sT 2005 Aug 12 # Kyrgyzstan Time
1178 6:00 - KGT
1179
1180###############################################################################
1181
1182# Korea (North and South)
1183
1184# From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10) in
1185# <http://www.koreaherald.co.kr/SITE/data/html_dir/2006/07/10/200607100012.asp>:
1186# The Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy has already
1187# commissioned a research project [to reintroduce DST] and has said
1188# the system may begin as early as 2008.... Korea ran a daylight
1189# saving program from 1949-61 but stopped it during the 1950-53 Korean War.
1190
1191# From Shanks & Pottenger:
1192# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1193Rule ROK 1960 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D
1194Rule ROK 1960 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
1195Rule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 D
1196Rule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
1197
1198# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1199Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1890
1200 8:30 - KST 1904 Dec
1201 9:00 - KST 1928
1202 8:30 - KST 1932
1203 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
1204 8:00 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10
1205 8:30 - KST 1968 Oct
1206 9:00 ROK K%sT
1207Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1890
1208 8:30 - KST 1904 Dec
1209 9:00 - KST 1928
1210 8:30 - KST 1932
1211 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
1212 8:00 - KST 1961 Aug 10
1213 9:00 - KST
1214
1215###############################################################################
1216
1217# Kuwait
1218# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1219# From the Arab Times (2007-03-14):
1220# The Civil Service Commission (CSC) has approved a proposal forwarded
1221# by MP Ahmad Baqer on implementing the daylight saving time (DST) in
1222# Kuwait starting from April until the end of Sept this year, reports Al-Anba.
1223# <http://www.arabtimesonline.com/arabtimes/kuwait/Viewdet.asp?ID=9950>.
1224# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29):
1225# We don't know the details, or whether the approval means it'll happen,
1226# so for now we assume no DST.
1227Zone Asia/Kuwait 3:11:56 - LMT 1950
1228 3:00 - AST
1229
1230# Laos
1231# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1232Zone Asia/Vientiane 6:50:24 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 # or Viangchan
1233 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
1234 7:00 - ICT 1912 May
1235 8:00 - ICT 1931 May
1236 7:00 - ICT
1237
1238# Lebanon
1239# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1240Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S
1241Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 -
1242Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
1243Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
1244Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
1245Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
1246Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S
1247Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
1248Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1249Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1250Rule Lebanon 1972 only - Jun 22 0:00 1:00 S
1251Rule Lebanon 1972 1977 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1252Rule Lebanon 1973 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1253Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
1254Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
1255Rule Lebanon 1984 1987 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1256Rule Lebanon 1984 1991 - Oct 16 0:00 0 -
1257Rule Lebanon 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
1258Rule Lebanon 1989 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
1259Rule Lebanon 1990 1992 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1260Rule Lebanon 1992 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
1261Rule Lebanon 1993 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
1262Rule Lebanon 1993 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1263Rule Lebanon 1999 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
1264# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1265Zone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880
1266 2:00 Lebanon EE%sT
1267
1268# Malaysia
1269# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1270Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 TS # one-Third Summer
1271Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 -
1272#
1273# peninsular Malaysia
1274# The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
1275# <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>.
1276# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1277Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
1278 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
1279 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time
1280 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1
1281 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1
1282 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16
1283 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
1284 7:30 - MALT 1982 Jan 1
1285 8:00 - MYT # Malaysia Time
1286# Sabah & Sarawak
1287# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1288# The data here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945 and 1982
1289# transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng.
1290# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1291Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar
1292 7:30 - BORT 1933 # Borneo Time
1293 8:00 NBorneo BOR%sT 1942 Feb 16
1294 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
1295 8:00 - BORT 1982 Jan 1
1296 8:00 - MYT
1297
1298# Maldives
1299# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1300Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Male
1301 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Male Mean Time
1302 5:00 - MVT # Maldives Time
1303
1304# Mongolia
1305
1306# Shanks & Pottenger say that Mongolia has three time zones, but
1307# usno1995 and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World (2005-03)
1308# both say that it has just one.
1309
1310# From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11):
1311# <a href="http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm">
1312# General Information Mongolia
1313# </a> (1999-09)
1314# "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of
1315# Bayan-Ulgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and
1316# the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus
1317# eight hours."
1318
1319# From Rives McDow (1999-12-13):
1320# Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998
1321# being the last year it was implemented. The dates of implementation I am
1322# unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time
1323# of implementation may have been different....
1324# Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time
1325# zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod,
1326# Suhbaatar, and possibly Khentij.
1327
1328# From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15):
1329# Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia.
1330# We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone;
1331# the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us,
1332# and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd
1333# is good enough for our purposes.
1334
1335# From Rives McDow (2001-05-13):
1336# In addition to Mongolia starting daylight savings as reported earlier
1337# (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28),
1338# there are three time zones.
1339#
1340# Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-ulgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai
1341# Provinces [at 8:00]: Khovsgol, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Tov,
1342# Bayankhongor, Ovorkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Omnogovi
1343# Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sukhbaatar
1344#
1345# [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.]
1346
1347# From Ganbold Ts., Ulaanbaatar (2004-04-17):
1348# Daylight saving occurs at 02:00 local time last Saturday of March.
1349# It will change back to normal at 02:00 local time last Saturday of
1350# September.... As I remember this rule was changed in 2001.
1351#
1352# From Paul Eggert (2004-04-17):
1353# For now, assume Rives McDow's informant got confused about Friday vs
1354# Saturday, and that his 2001 dates should have 1 added to them.
1355
1356# From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26):
1357# We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones.
1358# Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says
1359# there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft
1360# Windows XP as the source. Risto Nykanen (2005-05-16) reports that
1361# travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UTC+7, UTC+8) with no DST.
1362# Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in
1363# Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed.
1364# He also found
1365# <http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1&>
1366# which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius"
1367# (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones.
1368# The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT
1369# and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sukhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT.
1370# The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the
1371# parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session."
1372# For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation.
1373
1374# From Ganbold Ts. (2007-02-26):
1375# Parliament of Mongolia has just changed the daylight-saving rule in February.
1376# They decided not to adopt daylight-saving time....
1377# http://www.mongolnews.mn/index.php?module=unuudur&sec=view&id=15742
1378
1379# From Deborah Goldsmith (2008-03-30):
1380# We received a bug report claiming that the tz database UTC offset for
1381# Asia/Choibalsan (GMT+09:00) is incorrect, and that it should be GMT
1382# +08:00 instead. Different sources appear to disagree with the tz
1383# database on this, e.g.:
1384#
1385# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026">
1386# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026
1387# </a>
1388# <a href="http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx">
1389# http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx
1390# </a>
1391#
1392# both say GMT+08:00.
1393
1394# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-31):
1395# eznis airways, which operates several domestic flights, has a flight
1396# schedule here:
1397# <a href="http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112"
1398# http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112
1399# </a>
1400# (click the English flag for English)
1401#
1402# There it appears that flights between Choibalsan and Ulaanbatar arrive
1403# about 1:35 - 1:50 hours later in local clock time, no matter the
1404# direction, while Ulaanbaatar-Khvod takes 2 hours in the Eastern
1405# direction and 3:35 back, which indicates that Ulaanbatar and Khvod are
1406# in different time zones (like we know about), while Choibalsan and
1407# Ulaanbatar are in the same time zone (correction needed).
1408
1409# From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
1410# Assume that Choibalsan is indeed offset by 8:00.
1411# XXX--in the absence of better information, assume that transition
1412# was at the start of 2008-03-31 (the day of Steffen Thorsen's report);
1413# this is almost surely wrong.
1414
1415# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1416Rule Mongol 1983 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1417Rule Mongol 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1418# Shanks & Pottenger and IATA SSIM say 1990s switches occurred at 00:00,
1419# but McDow says the 2001 switches occurred at 02:00. Also, IATA SSIM
1420# (1996-09) says 1996-10-25. Go with Shanks & Pottenger through 1998.
1421#
1422# Shanks & Pottenger say that the Sept. 1984 through Sept. 1990 switches
1423# in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Sukhbaatar) took place
1424# at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00 local time as in the rest of
1425# the country. That would be odd, and possibly is a result of their
1426# correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly
1427# in the latest edition; so ignore it for now.
1428
1429Rule Mongol 1985 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
1430Rule Mongol 1984 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1431# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST.
1432Rule Mongol 2001 only - Apr lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
1433Rule Mongol 2001 2006 - Sep lastSat 2:00 0 -
1434Rule Mongol 2002 2006 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
1435
1436# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1437# Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta
1438Zone Asia/Hovd 6:06:36 - LMT 1905 Aug
1439 6:00 - HOVT 1978 # Hovd Time
1440 7:00 Mongol HOV%sT
1441# Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga
1442Zone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug
1443 7:00 - ULAT 1978 # Ulaanbaatar Time
1444 8:00 Mongol ULA%sT
1445# Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tuemen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan,
1446# Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan
1447Zone Asia/Choibalsan 7:38:00 - LMT 1905 Aug
1448 7:00 - ULAT 1978
1449 8:00 - ULAT 1983 Apr
1450 9:00 Mongol CHO%sT 2008 Mar 31 # Choibalsan Time
1451 8:00 Mongol CHO%sT
1452
1453# Nepal
1454# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1455Zone Asia/Katmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920
1456 5:30 - IST 1986
1457 5:45 - NPT # Nepal Time
1458
1459# Oman
1460# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1461Zone Asia/Muscat 3:54:20 - LMT 1920
1462 4:00 - GST
1463
1464# Pakistan
1465
1466# From Rives McDow (2002-03-13):
1467# I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a
1468# TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002
1469# and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002. This is what I was
1470# told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the
1471# 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on.
1472
1473# From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15):
1474# Jesper Norgaard found this URL:
1475# http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm
1476# (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to
1477# advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first
1478# Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on
1479# 15th October each year". This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00,
1480# but disagrees about the October transition, and makes it sound like
1481# it's not on a trial basis. Also, the "between the first Saturday
1482# and Sunday of April" phrase, if taken literally, means that the
1483# transition takes place at 00:00 on the first Sunday on or after 04-02.
1484
1485# From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09):
1486# DAWN <http://www.dawn.com/2002/10/06/top13.htm> reported on 2002-10-05
1487# that 2002 DST ended that day at midnight. Go with McDow for now.
1488
1489# From Steffen Thorsen (2003-03-14):
1490# According to http://www.dawn.com/2003/03/07/top15.htm
1491# there will be no DST in Pakistan this year:
1492#
1493# ISLAMABAD, March 6: Information and Media Development Minister Sheikh
1494# Rashid Ahmed on Thursday said the cabinet had reversed a previous
1495# decision to advance clocks by one hour in summer and put them back by
1496# one hour in winter with the aim of saving light hours and energy.
1497#
1498# The minister told a news conference that the experiment had rather
1499# shown 8 per cent higher consumption of electricity.
1500
1501# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-15):
1502#
1503# Here is an article that Pakistan plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time
1504# on June 1, 2008 for 3 months.
1505#
1506# "... The federal cabinet on Wednesday announced a new conservation plan to help
1507# reduce load shedding by approving the closure of commercial centres at 9pm and
1508# moving clocks forward by one hour for the next three months.
1509# ...."
1510#
1511# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html">
1512# http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html
1513# </a>
1514# OR
1515# <a href="http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4">
1516# http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4
1517# </a>
1518
1519# From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
1520# XXX--midnight transitions is a guess; 2008 only is a guess.
1521
1522# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1523Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Apr Sun>=2 0:01 1:00 S
1524Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Oct Sun>=2 0:01 0 -
1525Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
1526Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
1527# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1528Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907
1529 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
1530 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15
1531 5:30 - IST 1951 Sep 30
1532 5:00 - KART 1971 Mar 26 # Karachi Time
1533 5:00 Pakistan PK%sT # Pakistan Time
1534
1535# Palestine
1536
1537# From Amos Shapir (1998-02-15):
1538#
1539# From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now
1540# known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule.
1541# Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too...
1542#
1543# The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05
1544# (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no
1545# time zone was affected then). It was never formally annexed to Egypt,
1546# though.
1547#
1548# The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally
1549# annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from
1550# the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the
1551# Trans-Jordan"). So the rules for Jordan for that time apply. Major
1552# towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and
1553# East Jerusalem.
1554#
1555# Both areas were occupied by Israel in June 1967, but not annexed (except
1556# for East Jerusalem). They were on Israel time since then; there might
1557# have been a Military Governor's order about time zones, but I'm not aware
1558# of any (such orders may have been issued semi-annually whenever summer
1559# time was in effect, but maybe the legal aspect of time was just neglected).
1560#
1561# The Palestinian Authority was established in 1993, and got hold of most
1562# towns in the West Bank and Gaza by 1995. I know that in order to
1563# demonstrate...independence, they have been switching to
1564# summer time and back on a different schedule than Israel's, but I don't
1565# know when this was started, or what algorithm is used (most likely the
1566# Jordanian one).
1567#
1568# To summarize, the table should probably look something like that:
1569#
1570# Area \ when | 1918-1947 | 1948-1967 | 1967-1995 | 1996-
1571# ------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------
1572# Israel | Zion | Zion | Zion | Zion
1573# West bank | Zion | Jordan | Zion | Jordan
1574# Gaza | Zion | Egypt | Zion | Jordan
1575#
1576# I guess more info may be available from the PA's web page (if/when they
1577# have one).
1578
1579# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1580# Shanks & Pottenger write that Gaza did not observe DST until 1957, but go
1581# with Shapir and assume that it observed DST from 1940 through 1947,
1582# and that it used Jordanian rules starting in 1996.
1583# We don't yet need a separate entry for the West Bank, since
1584# the only differences between it and Gaza that we know about
1585# occurred before our cutoff date of 1970.
1586# However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries
1587# for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules
1588# to Palestine's rules. If you have more info about this, please
1589# send it to tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for incorporation into future editions.
1590
1591# From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time,
1592# forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg:
1593#
1594# Despite the fact that Israel changed over to daylight savings time
1595# last week, the PLO Authority (PA) has decided not to turn its clocks
1596# one-hour forward at this time. As a sign of independence from Israeli rule,
1597# the PA has decided to implement DST in April.
1598
1599# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20):
1600# Daoud Kuttab writes in
1601# <a href="http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html">
1602# Holiday havoc
1603# </a> (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that
1604# the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15.
1605# I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source).
1606# For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00,
1607# and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October.
1608
1609# From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
1610# Starting 2004 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
1611
1612# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23):
1613# A user from Gaza reported that Gaza made the change early because of
1614# the Ramadan. Next year Ramadan will be even earlier, so I think
1615# there is a good chance next year's end date will be around two weeks
1616# earlier--the same goes for Jordan.
1617
1618# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17):
1619# I was informed by a user in Bethlehem that in Bethlehem it started the
1620# same day as Israel, and after checking with other users in the area, I
1621# was informed that they started DST one day after Israel. I was not
1622# able to find any authoritative sources at the time, nor details if
1623# Gaza changed as well, but presumed Gaza to follow the same rules as
1624# the West Bank.
1625
1626# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-26):
1627# according to the Palestine News Network (2006-09-19):
1628# http://english.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=596&Itemid=5
1629# > The Council of Ministers announced that this year its winter schedule
1630# > will begin early, as of midnight Thursday. It is also time to turn
1631# > back the clocks for winter. Friday will begin an hour late this week.
1632# I guess it is likely that next year's date will be moved as well,
1633# because of the Ramadan.
1634
1635# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2007-09-18):
1636# According to Steffen Thorsen's web site the Gaza Strip and the rest of the
1637# Palestinian territories left DST early on 13.th. of September at 2:00.
1638
1639# From Paul Eggert (2007-09-20):
1640# My understanding is that Gaza and the West Bank disagree even over when
1641# the weekend is (Thursday+Friday versus Friday+Saturday), so I'd be a bit
1642# surprised if they agreed about DST. But for now, assume they agree.
1643# For lack of better information, predict that future changes will be
1644# the 2nd Thursday of September at 02:00.
1645
1646# The rules for Egypt are stolen from the `africa' file.
1647# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1648Rule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
1649Rule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1650Rule EgyptAsia 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1651Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1967 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
1652Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
1653Rule EgyptAsia 1966 only - Oct 1 3:00 0 -
1654
1655Rule Palestine 1999 2005 - Apr Fri>=15 0:00 1:00 S
1656Rule Palestine 1999 2003 - Oct Fri>=15 0:00 0 -
1657Rule Palestine 2004 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
1658Rule Palestine 2005 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
1659Rule Palestine 2006 max - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1660Rule Palestine 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
1661Rule Palestine 2007 max - Sep Thu>=8 2:00 0 -
1662
1663# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1664Zone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct
1665 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15
1666 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5
1667 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996
1668 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999
1669 2:00 Palestine EE%sT
1670
1671# Paracel Is
1672# no information
1673
1674# Philippines
1675# On 1844-08-16, Narciso Claveria, governor-general of the
1676# Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to
1677# be immediately followed by 1845-01-01. Robert H. van Gent has a
1678# transcript of the decree in <http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/idl/idl.htm>.
1679# The rest of the data are from Shanks & Pottenger.
1680
1681# From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25):
1682# Tomorrow's Manila Standard reports that the Philippines Department of
1683# Trade and Industry is considering adopting DST this June when the
1684# rainy season begins. See
1685# <http://www.manilastandardtoday.com/?page=politics02_april26_2006>.
1686# For now, we'll ignore this, since it's not definite and we lack details.
1687#
1688# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-04-26):
1689# ... claims that Philippines had DST last time in 1990:
1690# http://story.philippinetimes.com/p.x/ct/9/id/145be20cc6b121c0/cid/3e5bbccc730d258c/
1691# [a story dated 2006-04-25 by Cris Larano of Dow Jones Newswires,
1692# but no details]
1693
1694# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1695Rule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 S
1696Rule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 -
1697Rule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 S
1698Rule Phil 1954 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 -
1699Rule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 S
1700Rule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
1701# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1702Zone Asia/Manila -15:56:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
1703 8:04:00 - LMT 1899 May 11
1704 8:00 Phil PH%sT 1942 May
1705 9:00 - JST 1944 Nov
1706 8:00 Phil PH%sT
1707
1708# Qatar
1709# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1710Zone Asia/Qatar 3:26:08 - LMT 1920 # Al Dawhah / Doha
1711 4:00 - GST 1972 Jun
1712 3:00 - AST
1713
1714# Saudi Arabia
1715# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1716Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1950
1717 3:00 - AST
1718
1719# Singapore
1720# The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
1721# <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>.
1722# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1723Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
1724 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
1725 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time
1726 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1
1727 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1
1728 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16
1729 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
1730 7:30 - MALT 1965 Aug 9 # independence
1731 7:30 - SGT 1982 Jan 1 # Singapore Time
1732 8:00 - SGT
1733
1734# Spratly Is
1735# no information
1736
1737# Sri Lanka
1738# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
1739# "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout"
1740# (www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html, 1996-05-24,
1741# no longer available as of 1999-08-17)
1742# reported ``the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at
1743# midnight Friday (1830 GMT) `in the light of the present power crisis'.''
1744#
1745# From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted
1746# by Shamindra in
1747# <a href="news:54rka5$m5h@mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net">
1748# Daily News - Hot News Section (1996-10-26)
1749# </a>:
1750# With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996
1751# Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT.
1752
1753# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-04-14), quoting Sri Lanka News Online
1754# <http://news.sinhalaya.com/wmview.php?ArtID=11002> (2006-04-13):
1755# 0030 hrs on April 15, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006 +30 minutes)
1756# at present, become 2400 hours of April 14, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006).
1757
1758# From Peter Apps and Ranga Sirila of Reuters (2006-04-12) in:
1759# <http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=scienceNews&storyID=2006-04-12T172228Z_01_COL295762_RTRIDST_0_SCIENCE-SRILANKA-TIME-DC.XML>
1760# [The Tamil Tigers] never accepted the original 1996 time change and simply
1761# kept their clocks set five and a half hours ahead of Greenwich Mean
1762# Time (GMT), in line with neighbor India.
1763# From Paul Eggert (2006-04-18):
1764# People who live in regions under Tamil control can use [TZ='Asia/Kolkata'],
1765# as that zone has agreed with the Tamil areas since our cutoff date of 1970.
1766
1767# From K Sethu (2006-04-25):
1768# I think the abbreviation LKT originated from the world of computers at
1769# the time of or subsequent to the time zone changes by SL Government
1770# twice in 1996 and probably SL Government or its standardization
1771# agencies never declared an abbreviation as a national standard.
1772#
1773# I recollect before the recent change the government annoucemments
1774# mentioning it as simply changing Sri Lanka Standard Time or Sri Lanka
1775# Time and no mention was made about the abbreviation.
1776#
1777# If we look at Sri Lanka Department of Government's "Official News
1778# Website of Sri Lanka" ... http://www.news.lk/ we can see that they
1779# use SLT as abbreviation in time stamp at the beginning of each news
1780# item....
1781#
1782# Within Sri Lanka I think LKT is well known among computer users and
1783# adminsitrators. In my opinion SLT may not be a good choice because the
1784# nation's largest telcom / internet operator Sri Lanka Telcom is well
1785# known by that abbreviation - simply as SLT (there IP domains are
1786# slt.lk and sltnet.lk).
1787#
1788# But if indeed our government has adopted SLT as standard abbreviation
1789# (that we have not known so far) then it is better that it be used for
1790# all computers.
1791
1792# From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25):
1793# One possibility is that we wait for a bit for the dust to settle down
1794# and then see what people actually say in practice.
1795
1796# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1797Zone Asia/Colombo 5:19:24 - LMT 1880
1798 5:19:32 - MMT 1906 # Moratuwa Mean Time
1799 5:30 - IST 1942 Jan 5
1800 5:30 0:30 IHST 1942 Sep
1801 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 16 2:00
1802 5:30 - IST 1996 May 25 0:00
1803 6:30 - LKT 1996 Oct 26 0:30
1804 6:00 - LKT 2006 Apr 15 0:30
1805 5:30 - IST
1806
1807# Syria
1808# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1809Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S
1810Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
1811Rule Syria 1962 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 S
1812Rule Syria 1962 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
1813Rule Syria 1963 1965 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S
1814Rule Syria 1963 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
1815Rule Syria 1964 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
1816Rule Syria 1965 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
1817Rule Syria 1966 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 S
1818Rule Syria 1966 1976 - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
1819Rule Syria 1967 1978 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S
1820Rule Syria 1977 1978 - Sep 1 2:00 0 -
1821Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Apr 9 2:00 1:00 S
1822Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
1823Rule Syria 1986 only - Feb 16 2:00 1:00 S
1824Rule Syria 1986 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 -
1825Rule Syria 1987 only - Mar 1 2:00 1:00 S
1826Rule Syria 1987 1988 - Oct 31 2:00 0 -
1827Rule Syria 1988 only - Mar 15 2:00 1:00 S
1828Rule Syria 1989 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
1829Rule Syria 1989 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
1830Rule Syria 1990 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 S
1831Rule Syria 1990 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
1832Rule Syria 1991 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1833Rule Syria 1991 1992 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1834Rule Syria 1992 only - Apr 8 0:00 1:00 S
1835Rule Syria 1993 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
1836Rule Syria 1993 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 -
1837# IATA SSIM (1998-02) says 1998-04-02;
1838# (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; (1999-02) says 1999-04-02,
1839# 2000-04-02, and 2001-04-02; (1999-09) says 2000-03-31 and 2001-03-31;
1840# (2006) says 2006-03-31 and 2006-09-22;
1841# for now ignore all these claims and go with Shanks & Pottenger,
1842# except for the 2006-09-22 claim (which seems right for Ramadan).
1843Rule Syria 1994 1996 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1844Rule Syria 1994 2005 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1845Rule Syria 1997 1998 - Mar lastMon 0:00 1:00 S
1846Rule Syria 1999 2006 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1847# From Stephen Colebourne (2006-09-18):
1848# According to IATA data, Syria will change DST on 21st September [21:00 UTC]
1849# this year [only].... This is probably related to Ramadan, like Egypt.
1850Rule Syria 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
1851# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29):
1852# Today the AP reported "Syria will switch to summertime at midnight Thursday."
1853# http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/03/29/africa/ME-GEN-Syria-Time-Change.php
1854Rule Syria 2007 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
1855# From Jesper Norgard (2007-10-27):
1856# The sister center ICARDA of my work CIMMYT is confirming that Syria DST will
1857# not take place 1.st November at 0:00 o'clock but 1.st November at 24:00 or
1858# rather Midnight between Thursday and Friday. This does make more sence than
1859# having it between Wednesday and Thursday (two workdays in Syria) since the
1860# weekend in Syria is not Saturday and Sunday, but Friday and Saturday. So now
1861# it is implemented at midnight of the last workday before weekend...
1862#
1863# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-27):
1864# Jesper Norgaard Welen wrote:
1865#
1866# > "Winter local time in Syria will be observed at midnight of Thursday 1
1867# > November 2007, and the clock will be put back 1 hour."
1868#
1869# I found confirmation on this in this gov.sy-article (Arabic):
1870# http://wehda.alwehda.gov.sy/_print_veiw.asp?FileName=12521710520070926111247
1871#
1872# which using Google's translate tools says:
1873# Council of Ministers also approved the commencement of work on
1874# identifying the winter time as of Friday, 2/11/2007 where the 60th
1875# minute delay at midnight Thursday 1/11/2007.
1876Rule Syria 2007 only - Nov Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
1877
1878# From Stephen Colebourne (2008-03-17):
1879# For everyone's info, I saw an IATA time zone change for [Syria] for
1880# this month (March 2008) in the last day or so...This is the data IATA
1881# are now using:
1882# Country Time Standard --- DST Start --- --- DST End --- DST
1883# Name Zone Variation Time Date Time Date
1884# Variation
1885# Syrian Arab
1886# Republic SY +0200 2200 03APR08 2100 30SEP08 +0300
1887# 2200 02APR09 2100 30SEP09 +0300
1888# 2200 01APR10 2100 30SEP10 +0300
1889
1890# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-17):
1891# Here's a link to English-language coverage by the Syrian Arab News
1892# Agency (SANA)...
1893# <a href="http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm">
1894# http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm
1895# </a>...which reads (in part) "The Cabinet approved the suggestion of the
1896# Ministry of Electricity to begin daylight savings time on Friday April
1897# 4th, advancing clocks one hour ahead on midnight of Thursday April 3rd."
1898# Since Syria is two hours east of UTC, the 2200 and 2100 transition times
1899# shown above match up with midnight in Syria.
1900
1901# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
1902# My buest guess at a Syrian rule is "the Friday nearest April 1";
1903# coding that involves either using a "Mar Fri>=29" construct that old time zone
1904# compilers can't handle or having multiple Rules (a la Israel).
1905# For now, use "Apr Fri>=1", and go with IATA on a uniform Sep 30 end.
1906
1907Rule Syria 2008 max - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
1908Rule Syria 2008 max - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1909
1910# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1911Zone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 # Dimashq
1912 2:00 Syria EE%sT
1913
1914# Tajikistan
1915# From Shanks & Pottenger.
1916# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1917Zone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
1918 5:00 - DUST 1930 Jun 21 # Dushanbe Time
1919 6:00 RussiaAsia DUS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1920 5:00 1:00 DUSST 1991 Sep 9 2:00s
1921 5:00 - TJT # Tajikistan Time
1922
1923# Thailand
1924# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1925Zone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880
1926 6:42:04 - BMT 1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time
1927 7:00 - ICT
1928
1929# Turkmenistan
1930# From Shanks & Pottenger.
1931# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1932Zone Asia/Ashgabat 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ashkhabad
1933 4:00 - ASHT 1930 Jun 21 # Ashkhabad Time
1934 5:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00
1935 4:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Oct 27 # independence
1936 4:00 RussiaAsia TM%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00
1937 5:00 - TMT
1938
1939# United Arab Emirates
1940# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1941Zone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920
1942 4:00 - GST
1943
1944# Uzbekistan
1945# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1946Zone Asia/Samarkand 4:27:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
1947 4:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21 # Samarkand Time
1948 5:00 - SAMT 1981 Apr 1
1949 5:00 1:00 SAMST 1981 Oct 1
1950 6:00 - TAST 1982 Apr 1 # Tashkent Time
1951 5:00 RussiaAsia SAM%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence
1952 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992
1953 5:00 - UZT
1954Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
1955 5:00 - TAST 1930 Jun 21 # Tashkent Time
1956 6:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00
1957 5:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence
1958 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992
1959 5:00 - UZT
1960
1961# Vietnam
1962
1963# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
1964# The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Min City";
1965# we use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters.
1966
1967# From Shanks & Pottenger:
1968# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1969Zone Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh 7:06:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9
1970 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
1971 7:00 - ICT 1912 May
1972 8:00 - ICT 1931 May
1973 7:00 - ICT
1974
1975# Yemen
1976# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1977Zone Asia/Aden 3:00:48 - LMT 1950
1978 3:00 - AST
| 254
255# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
256# Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area)
257# Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin
258Zone Asia/Harbin 8:26:44 - LMT 1928 # or Haerbin
259 8:30 - CHAT 1932 Mar # Changbai Time
260 8:00 - CST 1940
261 9:00 - CHAT 1966 May
262 8:30 - CHAT 1980 May
263 8:00 PRC C%sT
264# Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time")
265# most of China
266Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:52 - LMT 1928
267 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949
268 8:00 PRC C%sT
269# Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area)
270# Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan;
271# most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; west Qinghai; and the Guangdong
272# counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing,
273# Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu.
274Zone Asia/Chongqing 7:06:20 - LMT 1928 # or Chungking
275 7:00 - LONT 1980 May # Long-shu Time
276 8:00 PRC C%sT
277# Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time")
278# The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai;
279# the Guangdong counties Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang,
280# Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi;
281# east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi;
282# east Xinjiang, including Urumqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe,
283# Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin,
284# Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami,
285# Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan.
286Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928 # or Urumchi
287 6:00 - URUT 1980 May # Urumqi Time
288 8:00 PRC C%sT
289# Kunlun Time
290# West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule;
291# West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke,
292# Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding,
293# and Yarkand.
294Zone Asia/Kashgar 5:03:56 - LMT 1928 # or Kashi or Kaxgar
295 5:30 - KAST 1940 # Kashgar Time
296 5:00 - KAST 1980 May
297 8:00 PRC C%sT
298
299# Hong Kong (Xianggang)
300# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
301Rule HK 1946 only - Apr 20 3:30 1:00 S
302Rule HK 1946 only - Dec 1 3:30 0 -
303Rule HK 1947 only - Apr 13 3:30 1:00 S
304Rule HK 1947 only - Dec 30 3:30 0 -
305Rule HK 1948 only - May 2 3:30 1:00 S
306Rule HK 1948 1952 - Oct lastSun 3:30 0 -
307Rule HK 1949 1953 - Apr Sun>=1 3:30 1:00 S
308Rule HK 1953 only - Nov 1 3:30 0 -
309Rule HK 1954 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 3:30 1:00 S
310Rule HK 1954 only - Oct 31 3:30 0 -
311Rule HK 1955 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 -
312Rule HK 1965 1977 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
313Rule HK 1965 1977 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
314Rule HK 1979 1980 - May Sun>=8 3:30 1:00 S
315Rule HK 1979 1980 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
316# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
317Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:36 - LMT 1904 Oct 30
318 8:00 HK HK%sT
319
320
321###############################################################################
322
323# Taiwan
324
325# Shanks & Pottenger write that Taiwan observed DST during 1945, when it
326# was still controlled by Japan. This is hard to believe, but we don't
327# have any other information.
328
329# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
330Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
331Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
332Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D
333Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
334Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
335Rule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
336Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
337Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
338Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
339Rule Taiwan 1980 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 D
340Rule Taiwan 1980 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S
341# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
342Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 # or Taibei or T'ai-pei
343 8:00 Taiwan C%sT
344
345# Macau (Macao, Aomen)
346# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
347Rule Macau 1961 1962 - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
348Rule Macau 1961 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 -
349Rule Macau 1963 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
350Rule Macau 1964 only - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
351Rule Macau 1965 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
352Rule Macau 1965 only - Oct 31 0:00 0 -
353Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
354Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
355Rule Macau 1972 1974 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
356Rule Macau 1972 1973 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
357Rule Macau 1974 1977 - Oct Sun>=15 3:30 0 -
358Rule Macau 1975 1977 - Apr Sun>=15 3:30 1:00 S
359Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
360Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
361# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
362Zone Asia/Macau 7:34:20 - LMT 1912
363 8:00 Macau MO%sT 1999 Dec 20 # return to China
364 8:00 PRC C%sT
365
366
367###############################################################################
368
369# Cyprus
370# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
371Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S
372Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 -
373Rule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
374Rule Cyprus 1976 only - Oct 11 0:00 0 -
375Rule Cyprus 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
376Rule Cyprus 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 -
377Rule Cyprus 1978 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
378Rule Cyprus 1979 1997 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
379Rule Cyprus 1981 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
380# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
381Zone Asia/Nicosia 2:13:28 - LMT 1921 Nov 14
382 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep
383 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT
384# IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time.
385
386# Classically, Cyprus belongs to Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72.
387# However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe.
388Link Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia
389
390# Georgia
391# From Paul Eggert (1994-11-19):
392# Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward
393# an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze,
394# an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it!
395# We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall.
396#
397# From Mathew Englander, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04):
398# Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia
399# will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy,
400# President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday.
401#
402# From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27):
403#
404# Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday... The former Soviet
405# republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow. As a result it
406# is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours
407# ahead. The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia,
408# Mikhail Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process
409# of integration into Europe.
410
411# From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07):
412# Government of Georgia ... decided to NOT CHANGE daylight savings time on
413# [Oct.] 30, as it was done before during last more than 10 years.
414# Currently, we are in fact GMT +4:00, as before 30 October it was GMT
415# +3:00.... The problem is, there is NO FORMAL LAW or governmental document
416# about it. As far as I can find, I was told, that there is no document,
417# because we just DIDN'T ISSUE document about switching to winter time....
418# I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our
419# DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month.
420
421
422# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
423Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:16 - LMT 1880
424 2:59:16 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time
425 3:00 - TBIT 1957 Mar # Tbilisi Time
426 4:00 RussiaAsia TBI%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
427 3:00 1:00 TBIST 1991 Apr 9 # independence
428 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 1992 # Georgia Time
429 3:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1994 Sep lastSun
430 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1996 Oct lastSun
431 4:00 1:00 GEST 1997 Mar lastSun
432 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 2004 Jun 27
433 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 2005 Mar lastSun 2:00
434 4:00 - GET
435
436# East Timor
437
438# See Indonesia for the 1945 transition.
439
440# From Joao Carrascalao, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in
441# <a href="http://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm">
442# East Timor may be late for its millennium
443# </a> (1999-12-26/31):
444# Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun
445# rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the
446# Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it
447# conflicts with their way of life.
448
449# From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
450# We don't have any record of the above attempt.
451# Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data.
452
453# <a href="http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/last/00-08-16.undh.html">
454# From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General
455# (2000-08-16)</a>:
456# The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided
457# today to advance East Timor's time by one hour. The time change,
458# which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at
459# midnight on Saturday, September 16.
460
461# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
462Zone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912
463 8:00 - TLT 1942 Feb 21 23:00 # E Timor Time
464 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
465 9:00 - TLT 1976 May 3
466 8:00 - CIT 2000 Sep 17 00:00
467 9:00 - TLT
468
469# India
470# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
471Zone Asia/Kolkata 5:53:28 - LMT 1880 # Kolkata
472 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
473 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time
474 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
475 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15
476 5:30 - IST
477# The following are like Asia/Kolkata:
478# Andaman Is
479# Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is)
480# Nicobar Is
481
482# Indonesia
483#
484# From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger:
485# <http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime>
486# says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01. Looking at some
487# time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat
488# and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7.
489#
490# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-10):
491# Here is another correction to Shanks & Pottenger.
492# JohnTWB writes that Japanese forces did not surrender control in
493# Indonesia until 1945-09-01 00:00 at the earliest (in Jakarta) and
494# other formal surrender ceremonies were September 9, 11, and 13, plus
495# September 12 for the regional surrender to Mountbatten in Singapore.
496# These would be the earliest possible times for a change.
497# Regimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (Editions
498# Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched
499# from JST to UTC+07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura
500# (Hollandia). For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura
501# switched on 1945-09-23.
502#
503# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
504Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10
505# Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13,
506# but this must be a typo.
507 7:07:12 - JMT 1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Jakarta
508 7:20 - JAVT 1932 Nov # Java Time
509 7:30 - WIT 1942 Mar 23
510 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
511 7:30 - WIT 1948 May
512 8:00 - WIT 1950 May
513 7:30 - WIT 1964
514 7:00 - WIT
515Zone Asia/Pontianak 7:17:20 - LMT 1908 May
516 7:17:20 - PMT 1932 Nov # Pontianak MT
517 7:30 - WIT 1942 Jan 29
518 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
519 7:30 - WIT 1948 May
520 8:00 - WIT 1950 May
521 7:30 - WIT 1964
522 8:00 - CIT 1988 Jan 1
523 7:00 - WIT
524Zone Asia/Makassar 7:57:36 - LMT 1920
525 7:57:36 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar MT
526 8:00 - CIT 1942 Feb 9
527 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
528 8:00 - CIT
529Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov
530 9:00 - EIT 1944 Sep 1
531 9:30 - CST 1964
532 9:00 - EIT
533
534# Iran
535
536# From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15):
537# This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian).
538# The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine:
539#
540# Official Newspaper No. 13548-1370/6/25 [1991-09-16]
541# No. 16760/T233 H 1370/6/10 [1991-09-01]
542#
543# The Rule About Change of the Official Time of the Country
544#
545# The Board of Ministers, in the meeting dated 1370/5/23 [1991-08-14],
546# based on the suggestion number 2221/D dated 1370/4/22 [1991-07-13]
547# of the Country's Organization for Official and Employment Affairs,
548# and referring to the law for equating the working hours of workers
549# and officers in the whole country dated 1359/4/23 [1980-07-14], and
550# for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that:
551#
552# The official time of the country will should move forward one hour
553# at the 24[:00] hours of the first day of Farvardin and should return
554# to its previous state at the 24[:00] hours of the 30th day of
555# Shahrivar.
556#
557# First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi
558#
559# From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed
560# for at least the last 5 years. Before that, for a few years, the
561# date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last
562# Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates....
563# I have also changed the abbreviations to what is considered correct
564# here in Iran, IRST for regular time and IRDT for daylight saving time.
565#
566# From Roozbeh Pournader (2005-04-05):
567# The text of the Iranian law, in effect since 1925, clearly mentions
568# that the true solar year is the measure, and there is no arithmetic
569# leap year calculation involved. There has never been any serious
570# plan to change that law....
571#
572# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
573# Go with Shanks & Pottenger before Sept. 1991, and with Pournader thereafter.
574# I used Ed Reingold's cal-persia in GNU Emacs 21.2 to check Persian dates,
575# stopping after 2037 when 32-bit time_t's overflow.
576# That cal-persia used Birashk's approximation, which disagrees with the solar
577# calendar predictions for the year 2025, so I corrected those dates by hand.
578#
579# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future
580# discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar:
581# For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for
582# the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local
583# Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be
584# known exactly, amongst other factors. 2157 is even closer:
585# 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT. But the Gregorian year 2025 should give
586# no interpretation problem whatsoever. By the way, another instant
587# in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between
588# arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058:
589# vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT. The Java version of
590# Reingold's/Dershowitz' calculator gives correctly the Gregorian date
591# 2058-03-21 for 1 Farvardin 1437 (astronomical).
592#
593# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-03-22):
594# Several of my users have reported that Iran will not observe DST anymore:
595# http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-17/0603193812164948.htm
596#
597# From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper Norgaard Welen:
598# ... the Guardian Council ... approved a law on Sunday to re-introduce
599# daylight saving time ...
600# http://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKBLA65048420070916
601#
602# From Roozbeh Pournader (2007-11-05):
603# This is quoted from Official Gazette of the Islamic Republic of
604# Iran, Volume 63, Number 18242, dated Tuesday 1386/6/24
605# [2007-10-16]. I am doing the best translation I can:...
606# The official time of the country will be moved forward for one hour
607# on the 24 hours of the first day of the month of Farvardin and will
608# be changed back to its previous state on the 24 hours of the
609# thirtieth day of Shahrivar.
610#
611# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
612Rule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
613Rule Iran 1978 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 S
614Rule Iran 1979 only - Sep 19 0:00 0 S
615Rule Iran 1980 only - Sep 23 0:00 0 S
616Rule Iran 1991 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 D
617Rule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
618Rule Iran 1991 1995 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
619Rule Iran 1996 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
620Rule Iran 1996 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
621Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
622Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
623Rule Iran 2000 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
624Rule Iran 2000 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
625Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
626Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
627Rule Iran 2004 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
628Rule Iran 2004 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
629Rule Iran 2005 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
630Rule Iran 2005 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
631Rule Iran 2008 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
632Rule Iran 2008 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
633Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
634Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
635Rule Iran 2012 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
636Rule Iran 2012 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
637Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
638Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
639Rule Iran 2016 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
640Rule Iran 2016 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
641Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
642Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
643Rule Iran 2020 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
644Rule Iran 2020 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
645Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
646Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
647Rule Iran 2024 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
648Rule Iran 2024 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
649Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
650Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
651Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
652Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
653Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
654Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
655Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
656Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
657Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
658Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
659Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
660Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
661# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
662Zone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916
663 3:25:44 - TMT 1946 # Tehran Mean Time
664 3:30 - IRST 1977 Nov
665 4:00 Iran IR%sT 1979
666 3:30 Iran IR%sT
667
668
669# Iraq
670#
671# From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12):
672# An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in
673# the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph:
674# "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and
675# are an hour ahead of Baghdad."
676#
677# But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows:
678# In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi
679# Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time. They referred
680# to daylight saving as Saddam time. But, as of today, the time zone
681# in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq.
682#
683# So we'll ignore the Economist's claim.
684
685# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-10):
686# The cabinet in Iraq abolished DST last week, according to the following
687# news sources (in Arabic):
688# <a href="http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html">
689# http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html
690# </a>
691# <a href="http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10">
692# http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10
693# </a>
694#
695# We have published a short article in English about the change:
696# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html">
697# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html
698# </a>
699
700# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
701Rule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
702Rule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
703Rule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
704Rule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
705Rule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 S
706Rule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 D
707# IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the `:01' is a typo.
708# Shanks & Pottenger say Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997; ignore this.
709#
710Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 D
711Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Oct 1 3:00s 0 S
712# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
713Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890
714 2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time?
715 3:00 - AST 1982 May
716 3:00 Iraq A%sT
717
718
719###############################################################################
720
721# Israel
722
723# From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11):
724#
725# I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988. Until then there were three
726# different abbreviations in use:
727#
728# JST Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University]
729# IZT Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion]
730# EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else]
731#
732# Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities,
733# I ruled out JST. As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe,
734# EEST was equally unacceptable. Since "zonal" was not compatible with
735# any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go
736# and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone
737# settings in Israeli computers.
738#
739# In any case, I am happy to share timezone abbreviations with India,
740# high on my favorite-country list (and not only because my wife's
741# family is from India).
742
743# From Shanks & Pottenger:
744# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
745Rule Zion 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
746Rule Zion 1942 1944 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
747Rule Zion 1943 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
748Rule Zion 1944 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
749Rule Zion 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D
750Rule Zion 1945 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 S
751Rule Zion 1946 only - Apr 16 2:00 1:00 D
752Rule Zion 1946 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
753Rule Zion 1948 only - May 23 0:00 2:00 DD
754Rule Zion 1948 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D
755Rule Zion 1948 1949 - Nov 1 2:00 0 S
756Rule Zion 1949 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
757Rule Zion 1950 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D
758Rule Zion 1950 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 S
759Rule Zion 1951 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
760Rule Zion 1951 only - Nov 11 3:00 0 S
761Rule Zion 1952 only - Apr 20 2:00 1:00 D
762Rule Zion 1952 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 S
763Rule Zion 1953 only - Apr 12 2:00 1:00 D
764Rule Zion 1953 only - Sep 13 3:00 0 S
765Rule Zion 1954 only - Jun 13 0:00 1:00 D
766Rule Zion 1954 only - Sep 12 0:00 0 S
767Rule Zion 1955 only - Jun 11 2:00 1:00 D
768Rule Zion 1955 only - Sep 11 0:00 0 S
769Rule Zion 1956 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D
770Rule Zion 1956 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 S
771Rule Zion 1957 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 D
772Rule Zion 1957 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
773Rule Zion 1974 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 D
774Rule Zion 1974 only - Oct 13 0:00 0 S
775Rule Zion 1975 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 D
776Rule Zion 1975 only - Aug 31 0:00 0 S
777Rule Zion 1985 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 D
778Rule Zion 1985 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S
779Rule Zion 1986 only - May 18 0:00 1:00 D
780Rule Zion 1986 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S
781Rule Zion 1987 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D
782Rule Zion 1987 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
783Rule Zion 1988 only - Apr 9 0:00 1:00 D
784Rule Zion 1988 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
785
786# From Ephraim Silverberg
787# (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17, 2000-07-25, 2004-12-22,
788# and 2005-02-17):
789
790# According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of
791# Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes.
792# One thing is entrenched in law, however: that there must be at least 150
793# days of daylight savings time annually. From 1993-1998, the change to
794# daylight savings time was on a Friday morning from midnight IST to
795# 1 a.m IDT; up until 1998, the change back to standard time was on a
796# Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time to 11 p.m. standard
797# time. 1996 is an exception to this rule where the change back to standard
798# time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday night to avoid
799# conflicts with the Jewish New Year. In 1999, the change to
800# daylight savings time was still on a Friday morning but from
801# 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time
802# was also on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST for
803# 1999 only. In the year 2000, the change to daylight savings time was
804# similar to 1999, but although the change back will be on a Friday, it
805# will take place from 1 a.m. IDT to midnight IST. Starting in 2001, all
806# changes to/from will take place at 1 a.m. old time, but now there is no
807# rule as to what day of the week it will take place in as the start date
808# (except in 2003) is the night after the Passover Seder (i.e. the eve
809# of the 16th of Nisan in the lunar Hebrew calendar) and the end date
810# (except in 2002) is three nights before Yom Kippur [Day of Atonement]
811# (the eve of the 7th of Tishrei in the lunar Hebrew calendar).
812
813# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
814Rule Zion 1989 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D
815Rule Zion 1989 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
816Rule Zion 1990 only - Mar 25 0:00 1:00 D
817Rule Zion 1990 only - Aug 26 0:00 0 S
818Rule Zion 1991 only - Mar 24 0:00 1:00 D
819Rule Zion 1991 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 S
820Rule Zion 1992 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 D
821Rule Zion 1992 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S
822Rule Zion 1993 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 D
823Rule Zion 1993 only - Sep 5 0:00 0 S
824
825# The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the
826# Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel. The spokeswoman can be reached by
827# calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448.
828
829# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
830Rule Zion 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
831Rule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0 S
832Rule Zion 1995 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
833Rule Zion 1995 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
834
835# The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the
836# time, Haim Ramon. The official announcement regarding 1996-1998
837# (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at:
838#
839# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz
840#
841# The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa.
842#
843# The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at:
844#
845# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz
846#
847# where YYYY is the relevant year.
848
849# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
850Rule Zion 1996 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D
851Rule Zion 1996 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S
852Rule Zion 1997 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
853Rule Zion 1997 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S
854Rule Zion 1998 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 D
855Rule Zion 1998 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S
856Rule Zion 1999 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 D
857Rule Zion 1999 only - Sep 3 2:00 0 S
858
859# The Knesset Interior Committee has changed the dates for 2000 for
860# the third time in just over a year and have set new dates for the
861# years 2001-2004 as well.
862#
863# The official announcement for the start date of 2000 can be viewed at:
864#
865# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-start.ps.gz
866#
867# The official announcement for the end date of 2000 and the dates
868# for the years 2001-2004 can be viewed at:
869#
870# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2004.ps.gz
871
872# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
873Rule Zion 2000 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
874Rule Zion 2000 only - Oct 6 1:00 0 S
875Rule Zion 2001 only - Apr 9 1:00 1:00 D
876Rule Zion 2001 only - Sep 24 1:00 0 S
877Rule Zion 2002 only - Mar 29 1:00 1:00 D
878Rule Zion 2002 only - Oct 7 1:00 0 S
879Rule Zion 2003 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 D
880Rule Zion 2003 only - Oct 3 1:00 0 S
881Rule Zion 2004 only - Apr 7 1:00 1:00 D
882Rule Zion 2004 only - Sep 22 1:00 0 S
883
884# The proposed law agreed upon by the Knesset Interior Committee on
885# 2005-02-14 is that, for 2005 and beyond, DST starts at 02:00 the
886# last Friday before April 2nd (i.e. the last Friday in March or April
887# 1st itself if it falls on a Friday) and ends at 02:00 on the Saturday
888# night _before_ the fast of Yom Kippur.
889#
890# Those who can read Hebrew can view the announcement at:
891#
892# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2005+beyond.ps
893
894# From Paul Eggert (2005-02-22):
895# I used Ephraim Silverberg's dst-israel.el program
896# <ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/software/dst-israel.el> (2005-02-20)
897# along with Ed Reingold's cal-hebrew in GNU Emacs 21.4,
898# to generate the transitions in this list.
899# (I replaced "lastFri" with "Fri>=26" by hand.)
900# The spring transitions below all correspond to the following Rule:
901#
902# Rule Zion 2005 max - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
903#
904# but older zic implementations (e.g., Solaris 8) do not support
905# "Fri>=26" to mean April 1 in years like 2005, so for now we list the
906# springtime transitions explicitly.
907
908# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
909Rule Zion 2005 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
910Rule Zion 2005 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S
911Rule Zion 2006 2010 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
912Rule Zion 2006 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 S
913Rule Zion 2007 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S
914Rule Zion 2008 only - Oct 5 2:00 0 S
915Rule Zion 2009 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S
916Rule Zion 2010 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S
917Rule Zion 2011 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
918Rule Zion 2011 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S
919Rule Zion 2012 2015 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
920Rule Zion 2012 only - Sep 23 2:00 0 S
921Rule Zion 2013 only - Sep 8 2:00 0 S
922Rule Zion 2014 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S
923Rule Zion 2015 only - Sep 20 2:00 0 S
924Rule Zion 2016 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
925Rule Zion 2016 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S
926Rule Zion 2017 2021 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
927Rule Zion 2017 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S
928Rule Zion 2018 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S
929Rule Zion 2019 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S
930Rule Zion 2020 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S
931Rule Zion 2021 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S
932Rule Zion 2022 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
933Rule Zion 2022 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S
934Rule Zion 2023 2032 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
935Rule Zion 2023 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S
936Rule Zion 2024 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S
937Rule Zion 2025 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S
938Rule Zion 2026 only - Sep 20 2:00 0 S
939Rule Zion 2027 only - Oct 10 2:00 0 S
940Rule Zion 2028 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S
941Rule Zion 2029 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S
942Rule Zion 2030 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S
943Rule Zion 2031 only - Sep 21 2:00 0 S
944Rule Zion 2032 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S
945Rule Zion 2033 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
946Rule Zion 2033 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S
947Rule Zion 2034 2037 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
948Rule Zion 2034 only - Sep 17 2:00 0 S
949Rule Zion 2035 only - Oct 7 2:00 0 S
950Rule Zion 2036 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S
951Rule Zion 2037 only - Sep 13 2:00 0 S
952
953# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
954Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:56 - LMT 1880
955 2:20:40 - JMT 1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time?
956 2:00 Zion I%sT
957
958
959
960###############################################################################
961
962# Japan
963
964# `9:00' and `JST' is from Guy Harris.
965
966# From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06):
967# Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had
968# daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but ``the system was discontinued
969# because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours.''
970
971# From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times
972# <http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm>:
973# Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on
974# [1948-05-01].... But lack of prior debate and the execution of
975# daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated
976# deep hatred of the concept.... The Diet unceremoniously passed a bill to
977# dump the unpopular system in October 1951, less than a month after the San
978# Francisco Peace Treaty was signed. (A government poll in 1951 showed 53%
979# of the Japanese wanted to scrap daylight-saving time, as opposed to 30% who
980# wanted to keep it.)
981
982# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
983# Shanks & Pottenger write that DST in Japan during those years was as follows:
984# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
985Rule Japan 1948 only - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
986Rule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sat>=8 2:00 0 S
987Rule Japan 1949 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
988Rule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
989# but the only locations using it (for birth certificates, presumably, since
990# their audience is astrologers) were US military bases. For now, assume
991# that for most purposes daylight-saving time was observed; otherwise, what
992# would have been the point of the 1951 poll?
993
994# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09):
995# 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical
996# Observatory: E 139 44' 40".90 (9h 18m 58s.727), N 35 39' 16".0.
997# This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996'
998# edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan....
999# JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST).
1000# The law is enacted on 1886-07-07.
1001
1002# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16):
1003# The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan,
1004# which stands for the time on E 135 degree.
1005# In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central
1006# standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard
1007# time", which stands for the time on E 120 degree.... But "western standard
1008# time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No.
1009# 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is
1010# standard....
1011#
1012# I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate.
1013# In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor.
1014
1015# Shanks & Pottenger claim JST in use since 1896, and that a few
1016# places (e.g. Ishigaki) use +0800; go with Suzuki. Guess that all
1017# ordinances took effect on Jan 1.
1018
1019# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1020Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u
1021 9:00 - JST 1896
1022 9:00 - CJT 1938
1023 9:00 Japan J%sT
1024# Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo.
1025
1026# Jordan
1027#
1028# From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html">
1029# Jordan Week (1999-07-01) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
1030# Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight,
1031# in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time
1032# all year round.
1033#
1034# From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html">
1035# Jordan Week (1999-09-30) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09):
1036# Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back
1037# by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final!
1038# The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in
1039# government's departments from six to seven hours.
1040#
1041# From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
1042# Starting 2003 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
1043#
1044# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23):
1045# For Jordan I have received multiple independent user reports every year
1046# about DST end dates, as the end-rule is different every year.
1047#
1048# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-10-01), after a heads-up from Hilal Malawi:
1049# http://www.petranews.gov.jo/nepras/2006/Sep/05/4000.htm
1050# "Jordan will switch to winter time on Friday, October 27".
1051#
1052# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1053Rule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 S
1054Rule Jordan 1973 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1055Rule Jordan 1974 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1056Rule Jordan 1976 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
1057Rule Jordan 1977 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1058Rule Jordan 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
1059Rule Jordan 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
1060Rule Jordan 1985 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1061Rule Jordan 1985 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1062Rule Jordan 1986 1988 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
1063Rule Jordan 1986 1990 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
1064Rule Jordan 1989 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S
1065Rule Jordan 1990 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 S
1066Rule Jordan 1991 only - Apr 17 0:00 1:00 S
1067Rule Jordan 1991 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 -
1068Rule Jordan 1992 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S
1069Rule Jordan 1992 1993 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
1070Rule Jordan 1993 1998 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
1071Rule Jordan 1994 only - Sep Fri>=15 0:00 0 -
1072Rule Jordan 1995 1998 - Sep Fri>=15 0:00s 0 -
1073Rule Jordan 1999 only - Jul 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1074Rule Jordan 1999 2002 - Sep lastThu 0:00s 0 -
1075Rule Jordan 2000 max - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S
1076Rule Jordan 2003 only - Oct 24 0:00s 0 -
1077Rule Jordan 2004 only - Oct 15 0:00s 0 -
1078Rule Jordan 2005 only - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 -
1079Rule Jordan 2006 max - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 -
1080# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1081Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931
1082 2:00 Jordan EE%sT
1083
1084
1085# Kazakhstan
1086
1087# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
1088# Andrew Evtichov (1996-04-13) writes that Kazakhstan
1089# stayed in sync with Moscow after 1990, and that Aqtobe (formerly Aktyubinsk)
1090# and Aqtau (formerly Shevchenko) are the largest cities in their zones.
1091# Guess that Aqtau and Aqtobe diverged in 1995, since that's the first time
1092# IATA SSIM mentions a third time zone in Kazakhstan.
1093
1094# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1095# German Iofis, ELSI, Almaty (2001-10-09) reports that Kazakhstan uses
1096# RussiaAsia rules, instead of switching at 00:00 as the IATA has it.
1097# Go with Shanks & Pottenger, who have them always using RussiaAsia rules.
1098# Also go with the following claims of Shanks & Pottenger:
1099#
1100# - Kazakhstan did not observe DST in 1991.
1101# - Qyzylorda switched from +5:00 to +6:00 on 1992-01-19 02:00.
1102# - Oral switched from +5:00 to +4:00 in spring 1989.
1103
1104# <a href="http://www.kazsociety.org.uk/news/2005/03/30.htm">
1105# From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin #11 (2005-03-21):
1106# </a>
1107# The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing
1108# daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health
1109# complications coupled with a decrease in productivity.
1110#
1111# From Branislav Kojic (in Astana) via Gwillim Law (2005-06-28):
1112# ... what happened was that the former Kazakhstan Eastern time zone
1113# was "blended" with the Central zone. Therefore, Kazakhstan now has
1114# two time zones, and difference between them is one hour. The zone
1115# closer to UTC is the former Western zone (probably still called the
1116# same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqtobe, Atyrau,
1117# Mangghystau, and West Kazakhstan. The other zone encompasses
1118# everything else.... I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones
1119# de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively.
1120
1121#
1122# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1123#
1124# Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan
1125Zone Asia/Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Alma-Ata
1126 5:00 - ALMT 1930 Jun 21 # Alma-Ata Time
1127 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 1991
1128 6:00 - ALMT 1992
1129 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 2005 Mar 15
1130 6:00 - ALMT
1131# Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.)
1132Zone Asia/Qyzylorda 4:21:52 - LMT 1924 May 2
1133 4:00 - KIZT 1930 Jun 21 # Kizilorda Time
1134 5:00 - KIZT 1981 Apr 1
1135 5:00 1:00 KIZST 1981 Oct 1
1136 6:00 - KIZT 1982 Apr 1
1137 5:00 RussiaAsia KIZ%sT 1991
1138 5:00 - KIZT 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1139 5:00 - QYZT 1992 Jan 19 2:00
1140 6:00 RussiaAsia QYZ%sT 2005 Mar 15
1141 6:00 - QYZT
1142# Aqtobe (aka Aktobe, formerly Akt'ubinsk)
1143Zone Asia/Aqtobe 3:48:40 - LMT 1924 May 2
1144 4:00 - AKTT 1930 Jun 21 # Aktyubinsk Time
1145 5:00 - AKTT 1981 Apr 1
1146 5:00 1:00 AKTST 1981 Oct 1
1147 6:00 - AKTT 1982 Apr 1
1148 5:00 RussiaAsia AKT%sT 1991
1149 5:00 - AKTT 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1150 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Aqtobe Time
1151 5:00 - AQTT
1152# Mangghystau
1153# Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region,
1154# so include time stamps before 1963.
1155Zone Asia/Aqtau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May 2
1156 4:00 - FORT 1930 Jun 21 # Fort Shevchenko T
1157 5:00 - FORT 1963
1158 5:00 - SHET 1981 Oct 1 # Shevchenko Time
1159 6:00 - SHET 1982 Apr 1
1160 5:00 RussiaAsia SHE%sT 1991
1161 5:00 - SHET 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1162 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 1995 Mar lastSun 2:00 # Aqtau Time
1163 4:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15
1164 5:00 - AQTT
1165# West Kazakhstan
1166Zone Asia/Oral 3:25:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ural'sk
1167 4:00 - URAT 1930 Jun 21 # Ural'sk time
1168 5:00 - URAT 1981 Apr 1
1169 5:00 1:00 URAST 1981 Oct 1
1170 6:00 - URAT 1982 Apr 1
1171 5:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00
1172 4:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1991
1173 4:00 - URAT 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1174 4:00 RussiaAsia ORA%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Oral Time
1175 5:00 - ORAT
1176
1177# Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan)
1178# Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger.
1179
1180# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15):
1181# According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway
1182# <http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml>
1183# Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system. I take the article
1184# to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC.
1185# From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21):
1186# Our government cancels daylight saving time 6th of August 2005.
1187# From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving.
1188
1189# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1190Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Apr Sun>=7 0:00s 1:00 S
1191Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1192Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:30 1:00 S
1193Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2004 - Oct lastSun 2:30 0 -
1194# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1195Zone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
1196 5:00 - FRUT 1930 Jun 21 # Frunze Time
1197 6:00 RussiaAsia FRU%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1198 5:00 1:00 FRUST 1991 Aug 31 2:00 # independence
1199 5:00 Kyrgyz KG%sT 2005 Aug 12 # Kyrgyzstan Time
1200 6:00 - KGT
1201
1202###############################################################################
1203
1204# Korea (North and South)
1205
1206# From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10) in
1207# <http://www.koreaherald.co.kr/SITE/data/html_dir/2006/07/10/200607100012.asp>:
1208# The Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy has already
1209# commissioned a research project [to reintroduce DST] and has said
1210# the system may begin as early as 2008.... Korea ran a daylight
1211# saving program from 1949-61 but stopped it during the 1950-53 Korean War.
1212
1213# From Shanks & Pottenger:
1214# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1215Rule ROK 1960 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D
1216Rule ROK 1960 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
1217Rule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 D
1218Rule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
1219
1220# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1221Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1890
1222 8:30 - KST 1904 Dec
1223 9:00 - KST 1928
1224 8:30 - KST 1932
1225 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
1226 8:00 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10
1227 8:30 - KST 1968 Oct
1228 9:00 ROK K%sT
1229Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1890
1230 8:30 - KST 1904 Dec
1231 9:00 - KST 1928
1232 8:30 - KST 1932
1233 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
1234 8:00 - KST 1961 Aug 10
1235 9:00 - KST
1236
1237###############################################################################
1238
1239# Kuwait
1240# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1241# From the Arab Times (2007-03-14):
1242# The Civil Service Commission (CSC) has approved a proposal forwarded
1243# by MP Ahmad Baqer on implementing the daylight saving time (DST) in
1244# Kuwait starting from April until the end of Sept this year, reports Al-Anba.
1245# <http://www.arabtimesonline.com/arabtimes/kuwait/Viewdet.asp?ID=9950>.
1246# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29):
1247# We don't know the details, or whether the approval means it'll happen,
1248# so for now we assume no DST.
1249Zone Asia/Kuwait 3:11:56 - LMT 1950
1250 3:00 - AST
1251
1252# Laos
1253# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1254Zone Asia/Vientiane 6:50:24 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 # or Viangchan
1255 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
1256 7:00 - ICT 1912 May
1257 8:00 - ICT 1931 May
1258 7:00 - ICT
1259
1260# Lebanon
1261# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1262Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S
1263Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 -
1264Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
1265Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
1266Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
1267Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
1268Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S
1269Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
1270Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1271Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1272Rule Lebanon 1972 only - Jun 22 0:00 1:00 S
1273Rule Lebanon 1972 1977 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1274Rule Lebanon 1973 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1275Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
1276Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
1277Rule Lebanon 1984 1987 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1278Rule Lebanon 1984 1991 - Oct 16 0:00 0 -
1279Rule Lebanon 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
1280Rule Lebanon 1989 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
1281Rule Lebanon 1990 1992 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1282Rule Lebanon 1992 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
1283Rule Lebanon 1993 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
1284Rule Lebanon 1993 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1285Rule Lebanon 1999 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
1286# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1287Zone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880
1288 2:00 Lebanon EE%sT
1289
1290# Malaysia
1291# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1292Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 TS # one-Third Summer
1293Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 -
1294#
1295# peninsular Malaysia
1296# The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
1297# <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>.
1298# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1299Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
1300 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
1301 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time
1302 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1
1303 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1
1304 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16
1305 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
1306 7:30 - MALT 1982 Jan 1
1307 8:00 - MYT # Malaysia Time
1308# Sabah & Sarawak
1309# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1310# The data here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945 and 1982
1311# transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng.
1312# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1313Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar
1314 7:30 - BORT 1933 # Borneo Time
1315 8:00 NBorneo BOR%sT 1942 Feb 16
1316 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
1317 8:00 - BORT 1982 Jan 1
1318 8:00 - MYT
1319
1320# Maldives
1321# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1322Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Male
1323 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Male Mean Time
1324 5:00 - MVT # Maldives Time
1325
1326# Mongolia
1327
1328# Shanks & Pottenger say that Mongolia has three time zones, but
1329# usno1995 and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World (2005-03)
1330# both say that it has just one.
1331
1332# From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11):
1333# <a href="http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm">
1334# General Information Mongolia
1335# </a> (1999-09)
1336# "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of
1337# Bayan-Ulgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and
1338# the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus
1339# eight hours."
1340
1341# From Rives McDow (1999-12-13):
1342# Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998
1343# being the last year it was implemented. The dates of implementation I am
1344# unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time
1345# of implementation may have been different....
1346# Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time
1347# zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod,
1348# Suhbaatar, and possibly Khentij.
1349
1350# From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15):
1351# Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia.
1352# We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone;
1353# the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us,
1354# and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd
1355# is good enough for our purposes.
1356
1357# From Rives McDow (2001-05-13):
1358# In addition to Mongolia starting daylight savings as reported earlier
1359# (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28),
1360# there are three time zones.
1361#
1362# Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-ulgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai
1363# Provinces [at 8:00]: Khovsgol, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Tov,
1364# Bayankhongor, Ovorkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Omnogovi
1365# Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sukhbaatar
1366#
1367# [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.]
1368
1369# From Ganbold Ts., Ulaanbaatar (2004-04-17):
1370# Daylight saving occurs at 02:00 local time last Saturday of March.
1371# It will change back to normal at 02:00 local time last Saturday of
1372# September.... As I remember this rule was changed in 2001.
1373#
1374# From Paul Eggert (2004-04-17):
1375# For now, assume Rives McDow's informant got confused about Friday vs
1376# Saturday, and that his 2001 dates should have 1 added to them.
1377
1378# From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26):
1379# We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones.
1380# Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says
1381# there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft
1382# Windows XP as the source. Risto Nykanen (2005-05-16) reports that
1383# travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UTC+7, UTC+8) with no DST.
1384# Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in
1385# Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed.
1386# He also found
1387# <http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1&>
1388# which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius"
1389# (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones.
1390# The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT
1391# and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sukhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT.
1392# The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the
1393# parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session."
1394# For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation.
1395
1396# From Ganbold Ts. (2007-02-26):
1397# Parliament of Mongolia has just changed the daylight-saving rule in February.
1398# They decided not to adopt daylight-saving time....
1399# http://www.mongolnews.mn/index.php?module=unuudur&sec=view&id=15742
1400
1401# From Deborah Goldsmith (2008-03-30):
1402# We received a bug report claiming that the tz database UTC offset for
1403# Asia/Choibalsan (GMT+09:00) is incorrect, and that it should be GMT
1404# +08:00 instead. Different sources appear to disagree with the tz
1405# database on this, e.g.:
1406#
1407# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026">
1408# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026
1409# </a>
1410# <a href="http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx">
1411# http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx
1412# </a>
1413#
1414# both say GMT+08:00.
1415
1416# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-31):
1417# eznis airways, which operates several domestic flights, has a flight
1418# schedule here:
1419# <a href="http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112"
1420# http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112
1421# </a>
1422# (click the English flag for English)
1423#
1424# There it appears that flights between Choibalsan and Ulaanbatar arrive
1425# about 1:35 - 1:50 hours later in local clock time, no matter the
1426# direction, while Ulaanbaatar-Khvod takes 2 hours in the Eastern
1427# direction and 3:35 back, which indicates that Ulaanbatar and Khvod are
1428# in different time zones (like we know about), while Choibalsan and
1429# Ulaanbatar are in the same time zone (correction needed).
1430
1431# From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
1432# Assume that Choibalsan is indeed offset by 8:00.
1433# XXX--in the absence of better information, assume that transition
1434# was at the start of 2008-03-31 (the day of Steffen Thorsen's report);
1435# this is almost surely wrong.
1436
1437# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1438Rule Mongol 1983 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1439Rule Mongol 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1440# Shanks & Pottenger and IATA SSIM say 1990s switches occurred at 00:00,
1441# but McDow says the 2001 switches occurred at 02:00. Also, IATA SSIM
1442# (1996-09) says 1996-10-25. Go with Shanks & Pottenger through 1998.
1443#
1444# Shanks & Pottenger say that the Sept. 1984 through Sept. 1990 switches
1445# in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Sukhbaatar) took place
1446# at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00 local time as in the rest of
1447# the country. That would be odd, and possibly is a result of their
1448# correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly
1449# in the latest edition; so ignore it for now.
1450
1451Rule Mongol 1985 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
1452Rule Mongol 1984 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1453# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST.
1454Rule Mongol 2001 only - Apr lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
1455Rule Mongol 2001 2006 - Sep lastSat 2:00 0 -
1456Rule Mongol 2002 2006 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
1457
1458# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1459# Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta
1460Zone Asia/Hovd 6:06:36 - LMT 1905 Aug
1461 6:00 - HOVT 1978 # Hovd Time
1462 7:00 Mongol HOV%sT
1463# Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga
1464Zone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug
1465 7:00 - ULAT 1978 # Ulaanbaatar Time
1466 8:00 Mongol ULA%sT
1467# Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tuemen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan,
1468# Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan
1469Zone Asia/Choibalsan 7:38:00 - LMT 1905 Aug
1470 7:00 - ULAT 1978
1471 8:00 - ULAT 1983 Apr
1472 9:00 Mongol CHO%sT 2008 Mar 31 # Choibalsan Time
1473 8:00 Mongol CHO%sT
1474
1475# Nepal
1476# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1477Zone Asia/Katmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920
1478 5:30 - IST 1986
1479 5:45 - NPT # Nepal Time
1480
1481# Oman
1482# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1483Zone Asia/Muscat 3:54:20 - LMT 1920
1484 4:00 - GST
1485
1486# Pakistan
1487
1488# From Rives McDow (2002-03-13):
1489# I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a
1490# TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002
1491# and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002. This is what I was
1492# told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the
1493# 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on.
1494
1495# From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15):
1496# Jesper Norgaard found this URL:
1497# http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm
1498# (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to
1499# advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first
1500# Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on
1501# 15th October each year". This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00,
1502# but disagrees about the October transition, and makes it sound like
1503# it's not on a trial basis. Also, the "between the first Saturday
1504# and Sunday of April" phrase, if taken literally, means that the
1505# transition takes place at 00:00 on the first Sunday on or after 04-02.
1506
1507# From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09):
1508# DAWN <http://www.dawn.com/2002/10/06/top13.htm> reported on 2002-10-05
1509# that 2002 DST ended that day at midnight. Go with McDow for now.
1510
1511# From Steffen Thorsen (2003-03-14):
1512# According to http://www.dawn.com/2003/03/07/top15.htm
1513# there will be no DST in Pakistan this year:
1514#
1515# ISLAMABAD, March 6: Information and Media Development Minister Sheikh
1516# Rashid Ahmed on Thursday said the cabinet had reversed a previous
1517# decision to advance clocks by one hour in summer and put them back by
1518# one hour in winter with the aim of saving light hours and energy.
1519#
1520# The minister told a news conference that the experiment had rather
1521# shown 8 per cent higher consumption of electricity.
1522
1523# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-15):
1524#
1525# Here is an article that Pakistan plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time
1526# on June 1, 2008 for 3 months.
1527#
1528# "... The federal cabinet on Wednesday announced a new conservation plan to help
1529# reduce load shedding by approving the closure of commercial centres at 9pm and
1530# moving clocks forward by one hour for the next three months.
1531# ...."
1532#
1533# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html">
1534# http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html
1535# </a>
1536# OR
1537# <a href="http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4">
1538# http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4
1539# </a>
1540
1541# From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
1542# XXX--midnight transitions is a guess; 2008 only is a guess.
1543
1544# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1545Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Apr Sun>=2 0:01 1:00 S
1546Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Oct Sun>=2 0:01 0 -
1547Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
1548Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
1549# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1550Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907
1551 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
1552 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15
1553 5:30 - IST 1951 Sep 30
1554 5:00 - KART 1971 Mar 26 # Karachi Time
1555 5:00 Pakistan PK%sT # Pakistan Time
1556
1557# Palestine
1558
1559# From Amos Shapir (1998-02-15):
1560#
1561# From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now
1562# known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule.
1563# Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too...
1564#
1565# The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05
1566# (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no
1567# time zone was affected then). It was never formally annexed to Egypt,
1568# though.
1569#
1570# The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally
1571# annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from
1572# the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the
1573# Trans-Jordan"). So the rules for Jordan for that time apply. Major
1574# towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and
1575# East Jerusalem.
1576#
1577# Both areas were occupied by Israel in June 1967, but not annexed (except
1578# for East Jerusalem). They were on Israel time since then; there might
1579# have been a Military Governor's order about time zones, but I'm not aware
1580# of any (such orders may have been issued semi-annually whenever summer
1581# time was in effect, but maybe the legal aspect of time was just neglected).
1582#
1583# The Palestinian Authority was established in 1993, and got hold of most
1584# towns in the West Bank and Gaza by 1995. I know that in order to
1585# demonstrate...independence, they have been switching to
1586# summer time and back on a different schedule than Israel's, but I don't
1587# know when this was started, or what algorithm is used (most likely the
1588# Jordanian one).
1589#
1590# To summarize, the table should probably look something like that:
1591#
1592# Area \ when | 1918-1947 | 1948-1967 | 1967-1995 | 1996-
1593# ------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------
1594# Israel | Zion | Zion | Zion | Zion
1595# West bank | Zion | Jordan | Zion | Jordan
1596# Gaza | Zion | Egypt | Zion | Jordan
1597#
1598# I guess more info may be available from the PA's web page (if/when they
1599# have one).
1600
1601# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1602# Shanks & Pottenger write that Gaza did not observe DST until 1957, but go
1603# with Shapir and assume that it observed DST from 1940 through 1947,
1604# and that it used Jordanian rules starting in 1996.
1605# We don't yet need a separate entry for the West Bank, since
1606# the only differences between it and Gaza that we know about
1607# occurred before our cutoff date of 1970.
1608# However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries
1609# for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules
1610# to Palestine's rules. If you have more info about this, please
1611# send it to tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for incorporation into future editions.
1612
1613# From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time,
1614# forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg:
1615#
1616# Despite the fact that Israel changed over to daylight savings time
1617# last week, the PLO Authority (PA) has decided not to turn its clocks
1618# one-hour forward at this time. As a sign of independence from Israeli rule,
1619# the PA has decided to implement DST in April.
1620
1621# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20):
1622# Daoud Kuttab writes in
1623# <a href="http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html">
1624# Holiday havoc
1625# </a> (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that
1626# the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15.
1627# I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source).
1628# For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00,
1629# and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October.
1630
1631# From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
1632# Starting 2004 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
1633
1634# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23):
1635# A user from Gaza reported that Gaza made the change early because of
1636# the Ramadan. Next year Ramadan will be even earlier, so I think
1637# there is a good chance next year's end date will be around two weeks
1638# earlier--the same goes for Jordan.
1639
1640# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17):
1641# I was informed by a user in Bethlehem that in Bethlehem it started the
1642# same day as Israel, and after checking with other users in the area, I
1643# was informed that they started DST one day after Israel. I was not
1644# able to find any authoritative sources at the time, nor details if
1645# Gaza changed as well, but presumed Gaza to follow the same rules as
1646# the West Bank.
1647
1648# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-26):
1649# according to the Palestine News Network (2006-09-19):
1650# http://english.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=596&Itemid=5
1651# > The Council of Ministers announced that this year its winter schedule
1652# > will begin early, as of midnight Thursday. It is also time to turn
1653# > back the clocks for winter. Friday will begin an hour late this week.
1654# I guess it is likely that next year's date will be moved as well,
1655# because of the Ramadan.
1656
1657# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2007-09-18):
1658# According to Steffen Thorsen's web site the Gaza Strip and the rest of the
1659# Palestinian territories left DST early on 13.th. of September at 2:00.
1660
1661# From Paul Eggert (2007-09-20):
1662# My understanding is that Gaza and the West Bank disagree even over when
1663# the weekend is (Thursday+Friday versus Friday+Saturday), so I'd be a bit
1664# surprised if they agreed about DST. But for now, assume they agree.
1665# For lack of better information, predict that future changes will be
1666# the 2nd Thursday of September at 02:00.
1667
1668# The rules for Egypt are stolen from the `africa' file.
1669# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1670Rule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
1671Rule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1672Rule EgyptAsia 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1673Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1967 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
1674Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
1675Rule EgyptAsia 1966 only - Oct 1 3:00 0 -
1676
1677Rule Palestine 1999 2005 - Apr Fri>=15 0:00 1:00 S
1678Rule Palestine 1999 2003 - Oct Fri>=15 0:00 0 -
1679Rule Palestine 2004 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
1680Rule Palestine 2005 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
1681Rule Palestine 2006 max - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1682Rule Palestine 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
1683Rule Palestine 2007 max - Sep Thu>=8 2:00 0 -
1684
1685# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1686Zone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct
1687 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15
1688 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5
1689 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996
1690 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999
1691 2:00 Palestine EE%sT
1692
1693# Paracel Is
1694# no information
1695
1696# Philippines
1697# On 1844-08-16, Narciso Claveria, governor-general of the
1698# Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to
1699# be immediately followed by 1845-01-01. Robert H. van Gent has a
1700# transcript of the decree in <http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/idl/idl.htm>.
1701# The rest of the data are from Shanks & Pottenger.
1702
1703# From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25):
1704# Tomorrow's Manila Standard reports that the Philippines Department of
1705# Trade and Industry is considering adopting DST this June when the
1706# rainy season begins. See
1707# <http://www.manilastandardtoday.com/?page=politics02_april26_2006>.
1708# For now, we'll ignore this, since it's not definite and we lack details.
1709#
1710# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-04-26):
1711# ... claims that Philippines had DST last time in 1990:
1712# http://story.philippinetimes.com/p.x/ct/9/id/145be20cc6b121c0/cid/3e5bbccc730d258c/
1713# [a story dated 2006-04-25 by Cris Larano of Dow Jones Newswires,
1714# but no details]
1715
1716# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1717Rule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 S
1718Rule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 -
1719Rule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 S
1720Rule Phil 1954 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 -
1721Rule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 S
1722Rule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
1723# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1724Zone Asia/Manila -15:56:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
1725 8:04:00 - LMT 1899 May 11
1726 8:00 Phil PH%sT 1942 May
1727 9:00 - JST 1944 Nov
1728 8:00 Phil PH%sT
1729
1730# Qatar
1731# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1732Zone Asia/Qatar 3:26:08 - LMT 1920 # Al Dawhah / Doha
1733 4:00 - GST 1972 Jun
1734 3:00 - AST
1735
1736# Saudi Arabia
1737# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1738Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1950
1739 3:00 - AST
1740
1741# Singapore
1742# The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
1743# <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>.
1744# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1745Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
1746 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
1747 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time
1748 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1
1749 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1
1750 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16
1751 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
1752 7:30 - MALT 1965 Aug 9 # independence
1753 7:30 - SGT 1982 Jan 1 # Singapore Time
1754 8:00 - SGT
1755
1756# Spratly Is
1757# no information
1758
1759# Sri Lanka
1760# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
1761# "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout"
1762# (www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html, 1996-05-24,
1763# no longer available as of 1999-08-17)
1764# reported ``the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at
1765# midnight Friday (1830 GMT) `in the light of the present power crisis'.''
1766#
1767# From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted
1768# by Shamindra in
1769# <a href="news:54rka5$m5h@mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net">
1770# Daily News - Hot News Section (1996-10-26)
1771# </a>:
1772# With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996
1773# Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT.
1774
1775# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-04-14), quoting Sri Lanka News Online
1776# <http://news.sinhalaya.com/wmview.php?ArtID=11002> (2006-04-13):
1777# 0030 hrs on April 15, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006 +30 minutes)
1778# at present, become 2400 hours of April 14, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006).
1779
1780# From Peter Apps and Ranga Sirila of Reuters (2006-04-12) in:
1781# <http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=scienceNews&storyID=2006-04-12T172228Z_01_COL295762_RTRIDST_0_SCIENCE-SRILANKA-TIME-DC.XML>
1782# [The Tamil Tigers] never accepted the original 1996 time change and simply
1783# kept their clocks set five and a half hours ahead of Greenwich Mean
1784# Time (GMT), in line with neighbor India.
1785# From Paul Eggert (2006-04-18):
1786# People who live in regions under Tamil control can use [TZ='Asia/Kolkata'],
1787# as that zone has agreed with the Tamil areas since our cutoff date of 1970.
1788
1789# From K Sethu (2006-04-25):
1790# I think the abbreviation LKT originated from the world of computers at
1791# the time of or subsequent to the time zone changes by SL Government
1792# twice in 1996 and probably SL Government or its standardization
1793# agencies never declared an abbreviation as a national standard.
1794#
1795# I recollect before the recent change the government annoucemments
1796# mentioning it as simply changing Sri Lanka Standard Time or Sri Lanka
1797# Time and no mention was made about the abbreviation.
1798#
1799# If we look at Sri Lanka Department of Government's "Official News
1800# Website of Sri Lanka" ... http://www.news.lk/ we can see that they
1801# use SLT as abbreviation in time stamp at the beginning of each news
1802# item....
1803#
1804# Within Sri Lanka I think LKT is well known among computer users and
1805# adminsitrators. In my opinion SLT may not be a good choice because the
1806# nation's largest telcom / internet operator Sri Lanka Telcom is well
1807# known by that abbreviation - simply as SLT (there IP domains are
1808# slt.lk and sltnet.lk).
1809#
1810# But if indeed our government has adopted SLT as standard abbreviation
1811# (that we have not known so far) then it is better that it be used for
1812# all computers.
1813
1814# From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25):
1815# One possibility is that we wait for a bit for the dust to settle down
1816# and then see what people actually say in practice.
1817
1818# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1819Zone Asia/Colombo 5:19:24 - LMT 1880
1820 5:19:32 - MMT 1906 # Moratuwa Mean Time
1821 5:30 - IST 1942 Jan 5
1822 5:30 0:30 IHST 1942 Sep
1823 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 16 2:00
1824 5:30 - IST 1996 May 25 0:00
1825 6:30 - LKT 1996 Oct 26 0:30
1826 6:00 - LKT 2006 Apr 15 0:30
1827 5:30 - IST
1828
1829# Syria
1830# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1831Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S
1832Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
1833Rule Syria 1962 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 S
1834Rule Syria 1962 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
1835Rule Syria 1963 1965 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S
1836Rule Syria 1963 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
1837Rule Syria 1964 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
1838Rule Syria 1965 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
1839Rule Syria 1966 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 S
1840Rule Syria 1966 1976 - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
1841Rule Syria 1967 1978 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S
1842Rule Syria 1977 1978 - Sep 1 2:00 0 -
1843Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Apr 9 2:00 1:00 S
1844Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
1845Rule Syria 1986 only - Feb 16 2:00 1:00 S
1846Rule Syria 1986 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 -
1847Rule Syria 1987 only - Mar 1 2:00 1:00 S
1848Rule Syria 1987 1988 - Oct 31 2:00 0 -
1849Rule Syria 1988 only - Mar 15 2:00 1:00 S
1850Rule Syria 1989 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
1851Rule Syria 1989 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 -
1852Rule Syria 1990 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 S
1853Rule Syria 1990 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 -
1854Rule Syria 1991 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1855Rule Syria 1991 1992 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1856Rule Syria 1992 only - Apr 8 0:00 1:00 S
1857Rule Syria 1993 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
1858Rule Syria 1993 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 -
1859# IATA SSIM (1998-02) says 1998-04-02;
1860# (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; (1999-02) says 1999-04-02,
1861# 2000-04-02, and 2001-04-02; (1999-09) says 2000-03-31 and 2001-03-31;
1862# (2006) says 2006-03-31 and 2006-09-22;
1863# for now ignore all these claims and go with Shanks & Pottenger,
1864# except for the 2006-09-22 claim (which seems right for Ramadan).
1865Rule Syria 1994 1996 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1866Rule Syria 1994 2005 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1867Rule Syria 1997 1998 - Mar lastMon 0:00 1:00 S
1868Rule Syria 1999 2006 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1869# From Stephen Colebourne (2006-09-18):
1870# According to IATA data, Syria will change DST on 21st September [21:00 UTC]
1871# this year [only].... This is probably related to Ramadan, like Egypt.
1872Rule Syria 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 -
1873# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29):
1874# Today the AP reported "Syria will switch to summertime at midnight Thursday."
1875# http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/03/29/africa/ME-GEN-Syria-Time-Change.php
1876Rule Syria 2007 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S
1877# From Jesper Norgard (2007-10-27):
1878# The sister center ICARDA of my work CIMMYT is confirming that Syria DST will
1879# not take place 1.st November at 0:00 o'clock but 1.st November at 24:00 or
1880# rather Midnight between Thursday and Friday. This does make more sence than
1881# having it between Wednesday and Thursday (two workdays in Syria) since the
1882# weekend in Syria is not Saturday and Sunday, but Friday and Saturday. So now
1883# it is implemented at midnight of the last workday before weekend...
1884#
1885# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-27):
1886# Jesper Norgaard Welen wrote:
1887#
1888# > "Winter local time in Syria will be observed at midnight of Thursday 1
1889# > November 2007, and the clock will be put back 1 hour."
1890#
1891# I found confirmation on this in this gov.sy-article (Arabic):
1892# http://wehda.alwehda.gov.sy/_print_veiw.asp?FileName=12521710520070926111247
1893#
1894# which using Google's translate tools says:
1895# Council of Ministers also approved the commencement of work on
1896# identifying the winter time as of Friday, 2/11/2007 where the 60th
1897# minute delay at midnight Thursday 1/11/2007.
1898Rule Syria 2007 only - Nov Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
1899
1900# From Stephen Colebourne (2008-03-17):
1901# For everyone's info, I saw an IATA time zone change for [Syria] for
1902# this month (March 2008) in the last day or so...This is the data IATA
1903# are now using:
1904# Country Time Standard --- DST Start --- --- DST End --- DST
1905# Name Zone Variation Time Date Time Date
1906# Variation
1907# Syrian Arab
1908# Republic SY +0200 2200 03APR08 2100 30SEP08 +0300
1909# 2200 02APR09 2100 30SEP09 +0300
1910# 2200 01APR10 2100 30SEP10 +0300
1911
1912# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-17):
1913# Here's a link to English-language coverage by the Syrian Arab News
1914# Agency (SANA)...
1915# <a href="http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm">
1916# http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm
1917# </a>...which reads (in part) "The Cabinet approved the suggestion of the
1918# Ministry of Electricity to begin daylight savings time on Friday April
1919# 4th, advancing clocks one hour ahead on midnight of Thursday April 3rd."
1920# Since Syria is two hours east of UTC, the 2200 and 2100 transition times
1921# shown above match up with midnight in Syria.
1922
1923# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
1924# My buest guess at a Syrian rule is "the Friday nearest April 1";
1925# coding that involves either using a "Mar Fri>=29" construct that old time zone
1926# compilers can't handle or having multiple Rules (a la Israel).
1927# For now, use "Apr Fri>=1", and go with IATA on a uniform Sep 30 end.
1928
1929Rule Syria 2008 max - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
1930Rule Syria 2008 max - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1931
1932# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1933Zone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 # Dimashq
1934 2:00 Syria EE%sT
1935
1936# Tajikistan
1937# From Shanks & Pottenger.
1938# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1939Zone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
1940 5:00 - DUST 1930 Jun 21 # Dushanbe Time
1941 6:00 RussiaAsia DUS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1942 5:00 1:00 DUSST 1991 Sep 9 2:00s
1943 5:00 - TJT # Tajikistan Time
1944
1945# Thailand
1946# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1947Zone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880
1948 6:42:04 - BMT 1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time
1949 7:00 - ICT
1950
1951# Turkmenistan
1952# From Shanks & Pottenger.
1953# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1954Zone Asia/Ashgabat 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ashkhabad
1955 4:00 - ASHT 1930 Jun 21 # Ashkhabad Time
1956 5:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00
1957 4:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Oct 27 # independence
1958 4:00 RussiaAsia TM%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00
1959 5:00 - TMT
1960
1961# United Arab Emirates
1962# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1963Zone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920
1964 4:00 - GST
1965
1966# Uzbekistan
1967# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1968Zone Asia/Samarkand 4:27:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
1969 4:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21 # Samarkand Time
1970 5:00 - SAMT 1981 Apr 1
1971 5:00 1:00 SAMST 1981 Oct 1
1972 6:00 - TAST 1982 Apr 1 # Tashkent Time
1973 5:00 RussiaAsia SAM%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence
1974 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992
1975 5:00 - UZT
1976Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
1977 5:00 - TAST 1930 Jun 21 # Tashkent Time
1978 6:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00
1979 5:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence
1980 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992
1981 5:00 - UZT
1982
1983# Vietnam
1984
1985# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
1986# The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Min City";
1987# we use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters.
1988
1989# From Shanks & Pottenger:
1990# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1991Zone Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh 7:06:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9
1992 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
1993 7:00 - ICT 1912 May
1994 8:00 - ICT 1931 May
1995 7:00 - ICT
1996
1997# Yemen
1998# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1999Zone Asia/Aden 3:00:48 - LMT 1950
2000 3:00 - AST
|