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1# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
2# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
3
4# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
5# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
6# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
7# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
8
1# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
2# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
3
4# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
5# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
6# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
7# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
8
9# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31):
9# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-20):
10#
11# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
12# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
13# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
14# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
15#
10#
11# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
12# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
13# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
14# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
15#
16# Gwillim Law writes that a good source
17# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
16# Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source
17# for time zone data was the International Air Transport
18# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
19# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
20# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted,
21# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
22#
23# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
24# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
25# I found in the UCLA library.
26#
27# For data circa 1899, a common source is:
28# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
18# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
19# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
20# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted,
21# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
22#
23# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
24# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
25# I found in the UCLA library.
26#
27# For data circa 1899, a common source is:
28# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
29# http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
29# https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
30#
31# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
32# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
33#
30#
31# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
32# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
33#
34# European-style abbreviations are commonly used along the Mediterranean.
35# For sub-Saharan Africa abbreviations were less standardized.
34# Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT
36# Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT
35# for +0:00 through +3:00, respectively,
36# but Mark R V Murray reports that
37# 'SAST' is the official abbreviation for +2:00 in the country of South Africa,
38# 'CAT' is commonly used for +2:00 in countries north of South Africa, and
39# 'WAT' is probably the best name for +1:00, as the common phrase for
37# for UT +00 through +03, respectively,
38# but in 1997 Mark R V Murray reported that
39# 'SAST' is the official abbreviation for +02 in the country of South Africa,
40# 'CAT' is commonly used for +02 in countries north of South Africa, and
41# 'WAT' is probably the best name for +01, as the common phrase for
40# the area that includes Nigeria is "West Africa".
42# the area that includes Nigeria is "West Africa".
41# He has heard of "Western Sahara Time" for +0:00 but can find no reference.
42#
43#
43# To make things confusing, 'WAT' seems to have been used for -1:00 long ago;
44# I'd guess that this was because people needed _some_ name for -1:00,
45# and at the time, far west Africa was the only major land area in -1:00.
46# This usage is now obsolete, as the last use of -1:00 on the African
47# mainland seems to have been 1976 in Western Sahara.
44# To summarize, the following abbreviations seemed to have some currency:
45# +00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time
46# +02 CAT Central Africa Time
47# +02 SAST South Africa Standard Time
48# and Murray suggested the following abbreviation:
49# +01 WAT West Africa Time
50# Murray's suggestion seems to have caught on in news reports and the like.
51# I vaguely recall 'WAT' also being used for -01 in the past but
52# cannot now come up with solid citations.
48#
53#
49# To summarize, the following abbreviations seem to have some currency:
50# -1:00 WAT West Africa Time (no longer used)
51# 0:00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time
52# 2:00 CAT Central Africa Time
53# 2:00 SAST South Africa Standard Time
54# and Murray suggests the following abbreviation:
55# 1:00 WAT West Africa Time
56# I realize that this leads to 'WAT' being used for both -1:00 and 1:00
57# for times before 1976, but this is the best I can think of
58# until we get more information.
59#
60# I invented the following abbreviations; corrections are welcome!
54# I invented the following abbreviations; corrections are welcome!
61# 2:00 WAST West Africa Summer Time
62# 2:30 BEAT British East Africa Time (no longer used)
63# 2:45 BEAUT British East Africa Unified Time (no longer used)
64# 3:00 CAST Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
65# 3:00 SAST South Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
66# 3:00 EAT East Africa Time
55# +02 WAST West Africa Summer Time
56# +03 CAST Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
57# +03 SAST South Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
58# +03 EAT East Africa Time
59# 'EAT' also seems to have caught on; the others are rare but are paired
60# with better-attested non-DST abbreviations.
67
68# Algeria
69# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
70Rule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S
71Rule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 -
72Rule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S
73Rule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S
74Rule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S

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114# See Africa/Abidjan.
115
116# Burundi
117# See Africa/Maputo.
118
119# Cameroon
120# See Africa/Lagos.
121
61
62# Algeria
63# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
64Rule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S
65Rule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 -
66Rule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S
67Rule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S
68Rule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S

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108# See Africa/Abidjan.
109
110# Burundi
111# See Africa/Maputo.
112
113# Cameroon
114# See Africa/Lagos.
115
122# Cape Verde
116# Cape Verde / Cabo Verde
123#
117#
124# Shanks gives 1907 for the transition to CVT.
118# Shanks gives 1907 for the transition to +02.
125# Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree
119# Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree
126# http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
120# https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
127# merely made it official?
128#
129# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
130Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1907 # Praia
121# merely made it official?
122#
123# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
124Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1907 # Praia
131 -2:00 - CVT 1942 Sep
132 -2:00 1:00 CVST 1945 Oct 15
133 -2:00 - CVT 1975 Nov 25 2:00
134 -1:00 - CVT
125 -2:00 - -02 1942 Sep
126 -2:00 1:00 -01 1945 Oct 15
127 -2:00 - -02 1975 Nov 25 2:00
128 -1:00 - -01
135
136# Central African Republic
137# See Africa/Lagos.
138
139# Chad
140# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
141Zone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912 # N'Djamena
142 1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14

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219# after observing the daylight saving time since May.
220# http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf
221Rule Egypt 2006 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
222# From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14):
223# I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight
224# saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07.
225# From Jesper N��rgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:]
226# http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm
129
130# Central African Republic
131# See Africa/Lagos.
132
133# Chad
134# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
135Zone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912 # N'Djamena
136 1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14

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213# after observing the daylight saving time since May.
214# http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf
215Rule Egypt 2006 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
216# From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14):
217# I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight
218# saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07.
219# From Jesper N��rgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:]
220# http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm
227# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53
221# https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53
228# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...:
229# http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm
230Rule Egypt 2007 only - Sep Thu>=1 24:00 0 -
231# From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06):
232# Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter
233# than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each
234# year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite
235# hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by

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257#
258# > end date should be Thu Sep 24 2009 (Last Thursday in September at 23:59=
259# :59)
260# > http://support.microsoft.com/kb/958729/
261#
262# timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that.
263#
264# [1] https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263
222# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...:
223# http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm
224Rule Egypt 2007 only - Sep Thu>=1 24:00 0 -
225# From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06):
226# Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter
227# than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each
228# year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite
229# hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by

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251#
252# > end date should be Thu Sep 24 2009 (Last Thursday in September at 23:59=
253# :59)
254# > http://support.microsoft.com/kb/958729/
255#
256# timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that.
257#
258# [1] https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263
265# [2] http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53
266# [3] http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/
259# [2] https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53
260# [3] https://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/
267
268# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20):
269# In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth
270# Thursday in September; Egypt is expected to revert to the last Thursday
271# in September.
272
273# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11):
274# We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet
275# Information and Decision Support Center:
261
262# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20):
263# In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth
264# Thursday in September; Egypt is expected to revert to the last Thursday
265# in September.
266
267# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11):
268# We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet
269# Information and Decision Support Center:
276# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html
270# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html
277#
278# The Middle East News Agency
271#
272# The Middle East News Agency
279# http://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx
273# https://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx
280# also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21"
281# today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT."
282# Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service,
283# and can be found by searching for "winter" in their search engine
284# (at least today).
285
286# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-07-20):
287# According to News from Egypt - Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has

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321# http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/el-sissi-pushes-egyptians-line-23614833
322
323# From Steffen Thorsen (2015-04-08):
324# Egypt will start DST on midnight after Thursday, April 30, 2015.
325# This is based on a law (no 35) from May 15, 2014 saying it starts the last
326# Thursday of April.... Clocks will still be turned back for Ramadan, but
327# dates not yet announced....
328# http://almogaz.com/news/weird-news/2015/04/05/1947105 ...
274# also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21"
275# today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT."
276# Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service,
277# and can be found by searching for "winter" in their search engine
278# (at least today).
279
280# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-07-20):
281# According to News from Egypt - Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has

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315# http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/el-sissi-pushes-egyptians-line-23614833
316
317# From Steffen Thorsen (2015-04-08):
318# Egypt will start DST on midnight after Thursday, April 30, 2015.
319# This is based on a law (no 35) from May 15, 2014 saying it starts the last
320# Thursday of April.... Clocks will still be turned back for Ramadan, but
321# dates not yet announced....
322# http://almogaz.com/news/weird-news/2015/04/05/1947105 ...
329# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-starts-dst-2015.html
323# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-starts-dst-2015.html
330
331# From Ahmed Nazmy (2015-04-20):
332# Egypt's ministers cabinet just announced ... that it will cancel DST at
333# least for 2015.
334#
335# From Tim Parenti (2015-04-20):
336# http://english.ahram.org.eg/WriterArticles/NewsContentP/1/128195/Egypt/No-daylight-saving-this-summer-Egypts-prime-minist.aspx
337# "Egypt's cabinet agreed on Monday not to switch clocks for daylight saving

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383# and September 1 to January 1 is given by:
384# Scott Keltie J, Epstein M (eds), The Statesman's Year-Book,
385# 57th ed. Macmillan, London (1920), OCLC 609408015, pp xxviii.
386# For lack of better info, assume DST was observed from 1920 to 1942.
387Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Sep 1 0:00 0:20 GHST
388Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Dec 31 0:00 0 GMT
389# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
390Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1918
324
325# From Ahmed Nazmy (2015-04-20):
326# Egypt's ministers cabinet just announced ... that it will cancel DST at
327# least for 2015.
328#
329# From Tim Parenti (2015-04-20):
330# http://english.ahram.org.eg/WriterArticles/NewsContentP/1/128195/Egypt/No-daylight-saving-this-summer-Egypts-prime-minist.aspx
331# "Egypt's cabinet agreed on Monday not to switch clocks for daylight saving

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377# and September 1 to January 1 is given by:
378# Scott Keltie J, Epstein M (eds), The Statesman's Year-Book,
379# 57th ed. Macmillan, London (1920), OCLC 609408015, pp xxviii.
380# For lack of better info, assume DST was observed from 1920 to 1942.
381Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Sep 1 0:00 0:20 GHST
382Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Dec 31 0:00 0 GMT
383# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
384Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1918
391 0:00 Ghana %s
385 0:00 Ghana GMT/+0020
392
393# Guinea
394# See Africa/Abidjan.
395
396# Guinea-Bissau
397#
398# Shanks gives 1911-05-26 for the transition to WAT,
399# evidently confusing the date of the Portuguese decree
386
387# Guinea
388# See Africa/Abidjan.
389
390# Guinea-Bissau
391#
392# Shanks gives 1911-05-26 for the transition to WAT,
393# evidently confusing the date of the Portuguese decree
400# http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
394# https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
401# with the date that it took effect, namely 1912-01-01.
402#
403# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
404Zone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1
395# with the date that it took effect, namely 1912-01-01.
396#
397# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
398Zone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1
405 -1:00 - WAT 1975
399 -1:00 - -01 1975
406 0:00 - GMT
407
408# Kenya
409# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
410Zone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1928 Jul
411 3:00 - EAT 1930
400 0:00 - GMT
401
402# Kenya
403# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
404Zone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1928 Jul
405 3:00 - EAT 1930
412 2:30 - BEAT 1940
413 2:45 - BEAUT 1960
406 2:30 - +0230 1940
407 2:45 - +0245 1960
414 3:00 - EAT
415Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Addis_Ababa # Ethiopia
416Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Asmara # Eritrea
417Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Dar_es_Salaam # Tanzania
418Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Djibouti
419Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Kampala # Uganda
420Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Mogadishu # Somalia
421Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Antananarivo # Madagascar
422Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Comoro
423Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Mayotte
424
425# Lesotho
426# See Africa/Johannesburg.
427
428# Liberia
408 3:00 - EAT
409Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Addis_Ababa # Ethiopia
410Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Asmara # Eritrea
411Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Dar_es_Salaam # Tanzania
412Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Djibouti
413Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Kampala # Uganda
414Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Mogadishu # Somalia
415Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Antananarivo # Madagascar
416Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Comoro
417Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Mayotte
418
419# Lesotho
420# See Africa/Johannesburg.
421
422# Liberia
429# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
430# In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch
431# from a UTC offset that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes.
432# Howse reports that it was in honor of their president's birthday.
433# Shank & Pottenger report the date as May 1, whereas Howse reports Jan;
434# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
435# For Liberia before 1972, Shanks & Pottenger report -0:44, whereas Howse and
436# Whitman each report -0:44:30; go with the more precise figure.
423#
424# From Paul Eggert (2017-03-02):
425#
426# The Nautical Almanac for the Year 1970, p 264, is the source for -0:44:30.
427#
428# In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch from a UTC offset
429# that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes. The 1972 change was on
430# 1972-01-07, according to an entry dated 1972-01-04 on p 330 of:
431# Presidential Papers: First year of the administration of
432# President William R. Tolbert, Jr., July 23, 1971-July 31, 1972.
433# Monrovia: Executive Mansion.
434#
435# Use the abbreviation "MMT" before 1972, as the more-accurate numeric
436# abbreviation "-004430" would be one byte over the POSIX limit.
437#
437# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
438Zone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882
439 -0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time
438# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
439Zone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882
440 -0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time
440 -0:44:30 - LRT 1972 May # Liberia Time
441 -0:44:30 - MMT 1972 Jan 7 # approximately MMT
441 0:00 - GMT
442
443###############################################################################
444
445# Libya
446
447# From Even Scharning (2012-11-10):
448# Libya set their time one hour back at 02:00 on Saturday November 10.
442 0:00 - GMT
443
444###############################################################################
445
446# Libya
447
448# From Even Scharning (2012-11-10):
449# Libya set their time one hour back at 02:00 on Saturday November 10.
449# http://www.libyaherald.com/2012/11/04/clocks-to-go-back-an-hour-on-saturday/
450# https://www.libyaherald.com/2012/11/04/clocks-to-go-back-an-hour-on-saturday/
450# Here is an official source [in Arabic]: http://ls.ly/fb6Yc
451#
452# Steffen Thorsen forwarded a translation (2012-11-10) in
451# Here is an official source [in Arabic]: http://ls.ly/fb6Yc
452#
453# Steffen Thorsen forwarded a translation (2012-11-10) in
453# http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2012-November/018451.html
454# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2012-November/018451.html
454#
455# From Tim Parenti (2012-11-11):
456# Treat the 2012-11-10 change as a zone change from UTC+2 to UTC+1.
457# The DST rules planned for 2013 and onward roughly mirror those of Europe
458# (either two days before them or five days after them, so as to fall on
459# lastFri instead of lastSun).
460
461# From Even Scharning (2013-10-25):
462# The scheduled end of DST in Libya on Friday, October 25, 2013 was
463# cancelled yesterday....
455#
456# From Tim Parenti (2012-11-11):
457# Treat the 2012-11-10 change as a zone change from UTC+2 to UTC+1.
458# The DST rules planned for 2013 and onward roughly mirror those of Europe
459# (either two days before them or five days after them, so as to fall on
460# lastFri instead of lastSun).
461
462# From Even Scharning (2013-10-25):
463# The scheduled end of DST in Libya on Friday, October 25, 2013 was
464# cancelled yesterday....
464# http://www.libyaherald.com/2013/10/24/correction-no-time-change-tomorrow/
465# https://www.libyaherald.com/2013/10/24/correction-no-time-change-tomorrow/
465#
466# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-25):
467# For now, assume they're reverting to the pre-2012 rules of permanent UT +02.
468
469# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
470Rule Libya 1951 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 S
471Rule Libya 1952 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
472Rule Libya 1953 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 S

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509
510# Mauritius
511
512# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25):
513# Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial
514# basis....
515# It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to
516# 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful....
466#
467# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-25):
468# For now, assume they're reverting to the pre-2012 rules of permanent UT +02.
469
470# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
471Rule Libya 1951 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 S
472Rule Libya 1952 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
473Rule Libya 1953 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 S

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510
511# Mauritius
512
513# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25):
514# Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial
515# basis....
516# It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to
517# 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful....
517# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html
518# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html
518
519# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25):
520# http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD
521
522# From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30):
523# The www.timeanddate.com article cited by Steffen Thorsen notes that "A
524# final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving
525# would begin and end on these dates." As a place holder, use midnight.

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577# According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe
578# DST the coming summer...
579#
580# Some sources, in French:
581# http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB
582# http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints-
583#
584# Our wrap-up:
519
520# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25):
521# http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD
522
523# From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30):
524# The www.timeanddate.com article cited by Steffen Thorsen notes that "A
525# final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving
526# would begin and end on these dates." As a place holder, use midnight.

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578# According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe
579# DST the coming summer...
580#
581# Some sources, in French:
582# http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB
583# http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints-
584#
585# Our wrap-up:
585# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html
586# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html
586
587# From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11):
588# The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this:
589# "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour
590# at 2am (or 02:00) local time..."
591
592# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
593Rule Mauritius 1982 only - Oct 10 0:00 1:00 S
594Rule Mauritius 1983 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 -
595Rule Mauritius 2008 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
596Rule Mauritius 2009 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
597# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
598Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis
587
588# From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11):
589# The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this:
590# "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour
591# at 2am (or 02:00) local time..."
592
593# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
594Rule Mauritius 1982 only - Oct 10 0:00 1:00 S
595Rule Mauritius 1983 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 -
596Rule Mauritius 2008 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
597Rule Mauritius 2009 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
598# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
599Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis
599 4:00 Mauritius MU%sT # Mauritius Time
600 4:00 Mauritius +04/+05
600# Agalega Is, Rodriguez
601# no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius
602
603# Mayotte
604# See Africa/Nairobi.
605
606# Morocco
607# See the 'europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta).
608
609# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
610# Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between
611# 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008.
612#
613# "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will
614# be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to
615# Communication Minister and Government Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...."
616#
601# Agalega Is, Rodriguez
602# no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius
603
604# Mayotte
605# See Africa/Nairobi.
606
607# Morocco
608# See the 'europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta).
609
610# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
611# Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between
612# 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008.
613#
614# "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will
615# be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to
616# Communication Minister and Government Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...."
617#
617# http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html
618# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html
618# http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html
619
620# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
621# The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe
622# Presse:
623# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view
624#
625# Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt.
626# spokesman.
627
628# From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09):
629# According to this article:
619# http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html
620
621# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
622# The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe
623# Presse:
624# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view
625#
626# Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt.
627# spokesman.
628
629# From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09):
630# According to this article:
630# http://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html
631# https://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html
631# (and republished here: <http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html>)
632# the changes occur at midnight:
633#
634# Saturday night May 31st at midnight (which in French is to be
635# interpreted as the night between Saturday and Sunday)
636# Sunday night the 28th at midnight
637#
638# Seeing that the 28th is Monday, I am guessing that she intends to say

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644# published on the web.
645#
646# It's also confirmed here:
647# http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm
648# on a government portal as being between June 1st and Sept 27th (not yet
649# posted in English).
650#
651# The following Google query will generate many relevant hits:
632# (and republished here: <http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html>)
633# the changes occur at midnight:
634#
635# Saturday night May 31st at midnight (which in French is to be
636# interpreted as the night between Saturday and Sunday)
637# Sunday night the 28th at midnight
638#
639# Seeing that the 28th is Monday, I am guessing that she intends to say

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645# published on the web.
646#
647# It's also confirmed here:
648# http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm
649# on a government portal as being between June 1st and Sept 27th (not yet
650# posted in English).
651#
652# The following Google query will generate many relevant hits:
652# http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search
653# https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search
653
654# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27):
655# Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31
656# and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end
657# of September:
658#
659# One article about it (in French):
660# http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default
661#
662# We have some further details posted here:
654
655# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27):
656# Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31
657# and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end
658# of September:
659#
660# One article about it (in French):
661# http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default
662#
663# We have some further details posted here:
663# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html
664# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html
664
665# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17):
666# Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according
667# to many sources, such as
668# http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html
669# http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312
670# (French)
671#
672# Our summary:
665
666# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17):
667# Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according
668# to many sources, such as
669# http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html
670# http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312
671# (French)
672#
673# Our summary:
673# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html
674# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html
674
675# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17):
676# Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre,
677# Minist��re de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics
678#
679# Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 June 1967)
680# concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of
681# Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be

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688# Several news media in Morocco report that the Ministry of Modernization
689# of Public Sectors has announced that Morocco will have DST from
690# 2010-05-02 to 2010-08-08.
691#
692# Example:
693# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html
694# (French)
695# Our page:
675
676# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17):
677# Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre,
678# Minist��re de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics
679#
680# Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 June 1967)
681# concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of
682# Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be

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689# Several news media in Morocco report that the Ministry of Modernization
690# of Public Sectors has announced that Morocco will have DST from
691# 2010-05-02 to 2010-08-08.
692#
693# Example:
694# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html
695# (French)
696# Our page:
696# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html
697# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html
697
698# From Dan Abitol (2011-03-30):
699# ...Rules for Africa/Casablanca are the following (24h format)
700# The 3rd April 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd April 01:00:00
701# The 31st July 2011 at 00:59:59, [it] will be 31st July 00:00:00
702# ...Official links of change in morocco
703# The change was broadcast on the FM Radio
704# I ve called ANRT (telecom regulations in Morocco) at
705# +212.537.71.84.00
706# http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/
707# They said that
708# http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view
709# is the official publication to look at.
710# They said that the decision was already taken.
711#
712# More articles in the press
698
699# From Dan Abitol (2011-03-30):
700# ...Rules for Africa/Casablanca are the following (24h format)
701# The 3rd April 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd April 01:00:00
702# The 31st July 2011 at 00:59:59, [it] will be 31st July 00:00:00
703# ...Official links of change in morocco
704# The change was broadcast on the FM Radio
705# I ve called ANRT (telecom regulations in Morocco) at
706# +212.537.71.84.00
707# http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/
708# They said that
709# http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view
710# is the official publication to look at.
711# They said that the decision was already taken.
712#
713# More articles in the press
713# http://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-leve.html
714# https://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-leve.html
714# http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923
715# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim
716
717# From Petr Machata (2011-03-30):
718# They have it written in English here:
719# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view
720#
721# It says there that "Morocco will resume its standard time on July 31,

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797# From Milamber (2015-06-08):
798# (Google Translation) The hour will thus be delayed 60 minutes
799# Sunday, June 14 at 3:00, the ministry said in a statement, adding
800# that the time will be advanced again 60 minutes Sunday, July 19,
801# 2015 at 2:00. The move comes under 2.12.126 Decree of 26 Jumada I
802# 1433 (18 April 2012) and the decision of the Head of Government of
803# 16 N. 3-29-15 Chaaban 1435 (4 June 2015).
804# Source (french):
715# http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923
716# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim
717
718# From Petr Machata (2011-03-30):
719# They have it written in English here:
720# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view
721#
722# It says there that "Morocco will resume its standard time on July 31,

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798# From Milamber (2015-06-08):
799# (Google Translation) The hour will thus be delayed 60 minutes
800# Sunday, June 14 at 3:00, the ministry said in a statement, adding
801# that the time will be advanced again 60 minutes Sunday, July 19,
802# 2015 at 2:00. The move comes under 2.12.126 Decree of 26 Jumada I
803# 1433 (18 April 2012) and the decision of the Head of Government of
804# 16 N. 3-29-15 Chaaban 1435 (4 June 2015).
805# Source (french):
805# http://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/
806# https://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/
806#
807# From Milamber (2015-06-09):
808# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=863
809#
810# From Michael Deckers (2015-06-09):
811# [The gov.ma announcement] would (probably) make the switch on 2015-07-19 go
812# from 03:00 to 04:00 rather than from 02:00 to 03:00, as in the patch....
813# I think the patch is correct and the quoted text is wrong; the text in
807#
808# From Milamber (2015-06-09):
809# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=863
810#
811# From Michael Deckers (2015-06-09):
812# [The gov.ma announcement] would (probably) make the switch on 2015-07-19 go
813# from 03:00 to 04:00 rather than from 02:00 to 03:00, as in the patch....
814# I think the patch is correct and the quoted text is wrong; the text in
814# agrees
815# <https://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/> agrees
815# with the patch.
816
817# From Paul Eggert (2015-06-08):
818# For now, guess that later spring and fall transitions will use 2015's rules,
819# and guess that Morocco will switch to standard time at 03:00 the last
820# Sunday before Ramadan, and back to DST at 02:00 the first Sunday after
821# Ramadan. To implement this, transition dates for 2016 through 2037 were
822# determined by running the following program under GNU Emacs 24.3, with the

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910# ... says that Western Sahara observes daylight saving time, just as
911# Morocco does.
912#
913# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-23):
914# Assume that this has been true since Western Sahara switched to GMT,
915# since most of it was then controlled by Morocco.
916
917Zone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan # El Aai��n
816# with the patch.
817
818# From Paul Eggert (2015-06-08):
819# For now, guess that later spring and fall transitions will use 2015's rules,
820# and guess that Morocco will switch to standard time at 03:00 the last
821# Sunday before Ramadan, and back to DST at 02:00 the first Sunday after
822# Ramadan. To implement this, transition dates for 2016 through 2037 were
823# determined by running the following program under GNU Emacs 24.3, with the

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911# ... says that Western Sahara observes daylight saving time, just as
912# Morocco does.
913#
914# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-23):
915# Assume that this has been true since Western Sahara switched to GMT,
916# since most of it was then controlled by Morocco.
917
918Zone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan # El Aai��n
918 -1:00 - WAT 1976 Apr 14
919 -1:00 - -01 1976 Apr 14
919 0:00 Morocco WE%sT
920
921# Mozambique
922#
923# Shanks gives 1903-03-01 for the transition to CAT.
924# Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree
920 0:00 Morocco WE%sT
921
922# Mozambique
923#
924# Shanks gives 1903-03-01 for the transition to CAT.
925# Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree
925# http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
926# https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
926# merely made it official?
927#
928# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
929Zone Africa/Maputo 2:10:20 - LMT 1903 Mar
930 2:00 - CAT
931Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Blantyre # Malawi
932Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Bujumbura # Burundi
933Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Gaborone # Botswana
934Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Harare # Zimbabwe
935Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Kigali # Rwanda
936Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lubumbashi # E Dem. Rep. of Congo
937Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lusaka # Zambia
938
927# merely made it official?
928#
929# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
930Zone Africa/Maputo 2:10:20 - LMT 1903 Mar
931 2:00 - CAT
932Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Blantyre # Malawi
933Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Bujumbura # Burundi
934Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Gaborone # Botswana
935Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Harare # Zimbabwe
936Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Kigali # Rwanda
937Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lubumbashi # E Dem. Rep. of Congo
938Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lusaka # Zambia
939
940
939# Namibia
941# Namibia
940# The 1994-04-03 transition is from Shanks & Pottenger.
941# Shanks & Pottenger report no DST after 1998-04; go with IATA.
942
942
943# From Arthur David Olson (2017-08-09):
944# The text of the "Namibia Time Act, 1994" is available online at
945# www.lac.org.na/laws/1994/811.pdf
946# and includes this nugget:
947# Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (2) of section 1, the
948# first winter period after the commencement of this Act shall
949# commence at OOhOO on Monday 21 March 1994 and shall end at 02h00 on
950# Sunday 4 September 1994.
951
943# From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30):
944# http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html
945# While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other
946# settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there
947# rises and sets earlier compared to other regions. Chief of
948# Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of
949# the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest
950# of the country.
951#
952# From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30):
953# http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html
954# While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other
955# settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there
956# rises and sets earlier compared to other regions. Chief of
957# Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of
958# the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest
959# of the country.
960#
952# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-31):
953# Apparently the Caprivi Strip informally observes Botswana time, but
954# we have no details. In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone.
961# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-22):
962# Although the Zambezi Region (formerly known as Caprivi) informally
963# observes Botswana time, we have no details about historical practice.
964# In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone.
965# See: Immanuel S. The Namibian. 2017-02-23.
966# https://www.namibian.com.na/51480/read/Time-change-divides-lawmakers
955
967
968# From Steffen Thorsen (2017-08-09):
969# Namibia is going to change their time zone to what is now their DST:
970# https://www.newera.com.na/2017/02/23/namibias-winter-time-might-be-repealed/
971# This video is from the government decision:
972# https://www.nbc.na/news/na-passes-namibia-time-bill-repealing-1994-namibia-time-act.8665
973# We have made the assumption so far that they will change their time zone at
974# the same time they would normally start DST, the first Sunday in September:
975# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/namibia-new-time-zone.html
976
956# RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
977# RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
957Rule Namibia 1994 max - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
958Rule Namibia 1995 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
978Rule Namibia 1994 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 -
979Rule Namibia 1994 2016 - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
980Rule Namibia 1995 2017 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
959# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
960Zone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8
981# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
982Zone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8
961 1:30 - SWAT 1903 Mar # SW Africa Time
983 1:30 - +0130 1903 Mar
962 2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00
963 2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00
964 2:00 - SAST 1990 Mar 21 # independence
984 2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00
985 2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00
986 2:00 - SAST 1990 Mar 21 # independence
965 2:00 - CAT 1994 Apr 3
966 1:00 Namibia WA%sT
987 2:00 - CAT 1994 Mar 21 0:00
988 1:00 Namibia WA%sT 2017 Sep 3 2:00
989 2:00 - CAT
967
968# Niger
969# See Africa/Lagos.
970
971# Nigeria
972# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
973Zone Africa/Lagos 0:13:36 - LMT 1919 Sep
974 1:00 - WAT

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980Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Luanda # Angola
981Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Malabo # Equatorial Guinea
982Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Niamey # Niger
983Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Porto-Novo # Benin
984
985# R��union
986# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
987Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis
990
991# Niger
992# See Africa/Lagos.
993
994# Nigeria
995# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
996Zone Africa/Lagos 0:13:36 - LMT 1919 Sep
997 1:00 - WAT

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1003Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Luanda # Angola
1004Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Malabo # Equatorial Guinea
1005Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Niamey # Niger
1006Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Porto-Novo # Benin
1007
1008# R��union
1009# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1010Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis
988 4:00 - RET # R��union Time
1011 4:00 - +04
989#
990# Crozet Islands also observes R��union time; see the 'antarctica' file.
991#
992# Scattered Islands (��les ��parses) administered from R��union are as follows.
993# The following information about them is taken from
994# ��les ��parses (<http://www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm>, 1997-07-22,
995# in French; no longer available as of 1999-08-17).
996# We have no info about their time zone histories.

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1015
1016# S��o Tom�� and Pr��ncipe
1017# Senegal
1018# See Africa/Abidjan.
1019
1020# Seychelles
1021# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1022Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1906 Jun # Victoria
1012#
1013# Crozet Islands also observes R��union time; see the 'antarctica' file.
1014#
1015# Scattered Islands (��les ��parses) administered from R��union are as follows.
1016# The following information about them is taken from
1017# ��les ��parses (<http://www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm>, 1997-07-22,
1018# in French; no longer available as of 1999-08-17).
1019# We have no info about their time zone histories.

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1038
1039# S��o Tom�� and Pr��ncipe
1040# Senegal
1041# See Africa/Abidjan.
1042
1043# Seychelles
1044# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1045Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1906 Jun # Victoria
1023 4:00 - SCT # Seychelles Time
1046 4:00 - +04
1024# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30):
1025# Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the
1026# Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory
1027# in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know
1028# whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now.
1029# Possibly the islands were uninhabited.
1030
1031# Sierra Leone

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1045Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Maseru # Lesotho
1046Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Mbabane # Swaziland
1047#
1048# Marion and Prince Edward Is
1049# scientific station since 1947
1050# no information
1051
1052# Sudan
1047# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30):
1048# Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the
1049# Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory
1050# in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know
1051# whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now.
1052# Possibly the islands were uninhabited.
1053
1054# Sierra Leone

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1068Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Maseru # Lesotho
1069Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Mbabane # Swaziland
1070#
1071# Marion and Prince Edward Is
1072# scientific station since 1947
1073# no information
1074
1075# Sudan
1053#
1076
1054# From <http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html>
1055# Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13),
1056# also reported by Micha��l De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen:
1057# Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon
1058# Saturday.... This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for
1059# Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin.
1077# From <http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html>
1078# Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13),
1079# also reported by Micha��l De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen:
1080# Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon
1081# Saturday.... This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for
1082# Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin.
1083
1084# From Ahmed Atyya, National Telecommunications Corp. (NTC), Sudan (2017-10-17):
1085# ... the Republic of Sudan is going to change the time zone from (GMT+3:00)
1086# to (GMT+ 2:00) starting from Wednesday 1 November 2017.
1060#
1087#
1088# From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18):
1089# A scanned copy (in Arabic) of Cabinet Resolution No. 352 for the
1090# year 2017 can be found as an attachment in email today from Yahia
1091# Abdalla of NTC, archived at:
1092# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2017-October/025333.html
1093
1061# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1062Rule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1063Rule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 -
1064Rule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
1065Rule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
1066# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1067Zone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931
1068 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00
1094# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1095Rule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1096Rule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 -
1097Rule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
1098Rule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
1099# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1100Zone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931
1101 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00
1069 3:00 - EAT
1102 3:00 - EAT 2017 Nov 1
1103 2:00 - CAT
1070
1071# South Sudan
1104
1105# South Sudan
1072Link Africa/Khartoum Africa/Juba
1106# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1107Zone Africa/Juba 2:06:28 - LMT 1931
1108 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00
1109 3:00 - EAT
1073
1074# Swaziland
1075# See Africa/Johannesburg.
1076
1077# Tanzania
1078# See Africa/Nairobi.
1079
1080# Togo

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1102# Beginning : the last Sunday of March at 02:00
1103# Ending : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ...
1104# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50
1105
1106# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16):
1107# According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year.
1108# (Arabic)
1109# http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546
1110
1111# Swaziland
1112# See Africa/Johannesburg.
1113
1114# Tanzania
1115# See Africa/Nairobi.
1116
1117# Togo

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1139# Beginning : the last Sunday of March at 02:00
1140# Ending : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ...
1141# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50
1142
1143# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16):
1144# According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year.
1145# (Arabic)
1146# http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546
1110# http://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp
1147# https://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp
1111#
1112# We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia.
1113# We have a wrap-up about this on the following page:
1148#
1149# We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia.
1150# We have a wrap-up about this on the following page:
1114# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html
1151# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html
1115
1116# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17):
1117# Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency
1118#
1119# Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn):
1120#
1121# (in English)
1122# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157

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1153# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17):
1154# Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency
1155#
1156# Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn):
1157#
1158# (in English)
1159# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157

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