1# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
2# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
3
4# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
5# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
6# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
7# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
8
9# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31):
10#
11# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
12# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
13# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
14# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
15#
16# Gwillim Law writes that a good source
17# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
18# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
19# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
20# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted,
21# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
22#
23# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
24# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
25# I found in the UCLA library.
26#
27# For data circa 1899, a common source is:
28# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
29# http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
30#
31# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
32# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
33#
34# Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT
35# for +0:00 through +3:00, respectively,
36# but Mark R V Murray reports that
37# 'SAST' is the official abbreviation for +2:00 in the country of South Africa,
38# 'CAT' is commonly used for +2:00 in countries north of South Africa, and
39# 'WAT' is probably the best name for +1:00, as the common phrase for
40# the area that includes Nigeria is "West Africa".
41# He has heard of "Western Sahara Time" for +0:00 but can find no reference.
42#
43# To make things confusing, 'WAT' seems to have been used for -1:00 long ago;
44# I'd guess that this was because people needed _some_ name for -1:00,
45# and at the time, far west Africa was the only major land area in -1:00.
46# This usage is now obsolete, as the last use of -1:00 on the African
47# mainland seems to have been 1976 in Western Sahara.
48#
49# To summarize, the following abbreviations seem to have some currency:
50# -1:00 WAT West Africa Time (no longer used)
51# 0:00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time
52# 2:00 CAT Central Africa Time
53# 2:00 SAST South Africa Standard Time
54# and Murray suggests the following abbreviation:
55# 1:00 WAT West Africa Time
56# I realize that this leads to 'WAT' being used for both -1:00 and 1:00
57# for times before 1976, but this is the best I can think of
58# until we get more information.
59#
60# I invented the following abbreviations; corrections are welcome!
61# 2:00 WAST West Africa Summer Time
62# 2:30 BEAT British East Africa Time (no longer used)
63# 2:45 BEAUT British East Africa Unified Time (no longer used)
64# 3:00 CAST Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
65# 3:00 SAST South Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
66# 3:00 EAT East Africa Time
67
68# Algeria
69# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
70Rule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S
71Rule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 -
72Rule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S
73Rule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S
74Rule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
75Rule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S
76Rule Algeria 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 -
77Rule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S
78Rule Algeria 1921 only - Jun 21 23:00s 0 -
79Rule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 S
80Rule Algeria 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00 0 -
81Rule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S
82Rule Algeria 1944 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 -
83Rule Algeria 1945 only - Sep 16 1:00 0 -
84Rule Algeria 1971 only - Apr 25 23:00s 1:00 S
85Rule Algeria 1971 only - Sep 26 23:00s 0 -
86Rule Algeria 1977 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S
87Rule Algeria 1977 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 -
88Rule Algeria 1978 only - Mar 24 1:00 1:00 S
89Rule Algeria 1978 only - Sep 22 3:00 0 -
90Rule Algeria 1980 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 S
91Rule Algeria 1980 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 -
92# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
93# more precise 0:09:21.
94# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
95Zone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01
96 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
97 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1940 Feb 25 2:00
98 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1946 Oct 7
99 0:00 - WET 1956 Jan 29
100 1:00 - CET 1963 Apr 14
101 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1977 Oct 21
102 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1979 Oct 26
103 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1981 May
104 1:00 - CET
105
106# Angola
107# Benin
108# See Africa/Lagos.
109
110# Botswana
111# See Africa/Maputo.
112
113# Burkina Faso
114# See Africa/Abidjan.
115
116# Burundi
117# See Africa/Maputo.
118
119# Cameroon
120# See Africa/Lagos.
121
122# Cape Verde
123#
124# Shanks gives 1907 for the transition to CVT.
125# Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree
126# http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
127# merely made it official?
128#
129# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
130Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1907 # Praia
131 -2:00 - CVT 1942 Sep
132 -2:00 1:00 CVST 1945 Oct 15
133 -2:00 - CVT 1975 Nov 25 2:00
134 -1:00 - CVT
135
136# Central African Republic
137# See Africa/Lagos.
138
139# Chad
140# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
141Zone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912 # N'Djamena
142 1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14
143 1:00 1:00 WAST 1980 Mar 8
144 1:00 - WAT
145
146# Comoros
147# See Africa/Nairobi.
148
149# Democratic Republic of the Congo
150# See Africa/Lagos for the western part and Africa/Maputo for the eastern.
151
152# Republic of the Congo
153# See Africa/Lagos.
154
155# C��te d'Ivoire / Ivory Coast
156# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
157Zone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912
158 0:00 - GMT
159Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Bamako # Mali
160Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Banjul # Gambia
161Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Conakry # Guinea
162Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Dakar # Senegal
163Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Freetown # Sierra Leone
164Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Lome # Togo
165Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Nouakchott # Mauritania
166Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Ouagadougou # Burkina Faso
167Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Sao_Tome # S��o Tom�� and Pr��ncipe
168Link Africa/Abidjan Atlantic/St_Helena # St Helena
169
170# Djibouti
171# See Africa/Nairobi.
172
173###############################################################################
174
175# Egypt
176
177# Milne says Cairo used 2:05:08.9, the local mean time of the Abbasizeh
178# observatory; round to nearest. Milne also says that the official time for
179# Egypt was mean noon at the Great Pyramid, 2:04:30.5, but apparently this
180# did not apply to Cairo, Alexandria, or Port Said.
181
182# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
183Rule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S
184Rule Egypt 1940 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
185Rule Egypt 1941 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S
186Rule Egypt 1941 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
187Rule Egypt 1942 1944 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
188Rule Egypt 1942 only - Oct 27 0:00 0 -
189Rule Egypt 1943 1945 - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
190Rule Egypt 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S
191Rule Egypt 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
192Rule Egypt 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
193Rule Egypt 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
194Rule Egypt 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
195Rule Egypt 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
196Rule Egypt 1966 1994 - Oct 1 3:00 0 -
197Rule Egypt 1982 only - Jul 25 1:00 1:00 S
198Rule Egypt 1983 only - Jul 12 1:00 1:00 S
199Rule Egypt 1984 1988 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
200Rule Egypt 1989 only - May 6 1:00 1:00 S
201Rule Egypt 1990 1994 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
202# IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00.
203# Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29.
204
205# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-04-20):
206# "...Egypt's interim cabinet decided on Wednesday to cancel daylight
207# saving time after a poll posted on its website showed the majority of
208# Egyptians would approve the cancellation."
209#
210# Egypt to cancel daylight saving time
211# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168
212# or
213# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html
214Rule Egypt 1995 2010 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S
215Rule Egypt 1995 2005 - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 -
216# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19):
217# The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports:
218# Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday
219# after observing the daylight saving time since May.
220# http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf
221Rule Egypt 2006 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
222# From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14):
223# I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight
224# saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07.
225# From Jesper N��rgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:]
226# http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm
227# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53
228# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...:
229# http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm
230Rule Egypt 2007 only - Sep Thu>=1 24:00 0 -
231# From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06):
232# Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter
233# than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each
234# year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite
235# hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by
236# shifting business hours one hour out of daytime heat. Consequently,
237# unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008.
238# From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17):
239# For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August.
240
241# From Petr Machata (2009-04-06):
242# The following appeared in Red Hat bugzilla[1] (edited):
243#
244# > $ zdump -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo | grep 2009
245# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 21:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu =
246# Apr 23
247# > 23:59:59 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200
248# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 22:00:00 2009 UTC = Fri =
249# Apr 24
250# > 01:00:00 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800
251# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 20:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu =
252# Aug 27
253# > 23:59:59 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800
254# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 21:00:00 2009 UTC = Thu =
255# Aug 27
256# > 23:00:00 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200
257#
258# > end date should be Thu Sep 24 2009 (Last Thursday in September at 23:59=
259# :59)
260# > http://support.microsoft.com/kb/958729/
261#
262# timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that.
263#
264# [1] https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263
265# [2] http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53
266# [3] http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/
267
268# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20):
269# In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth
270# Thursday in September; Egypt is expected to revert to the last Thursday
271# in September.
272
273# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11):
274# We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet
275# Information and Decision Support Center:
276# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html
277#
278# The Middle East News Agency
279# http://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx
280# also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21"
281# today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT."
282# Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service,
283# and can be found by searching for "winter" in their search engine
284# (at least today).
285
286# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-07-20):
287# According to News from Egypt - Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has
288# decided that Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during
289# Ramadan.
290#
291# Arabic translation:
292# "Clocks to go back during Ramadan - and then forward again"
293# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again
294# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html
295
296# From Ahmad El-Dardiry (2014-05-07):
297# Egypt is to change back to Daylight system on May 15
298# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/100735/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-government-to-reapply-daylight-saving-time-.aspx
299
300# From Gunther Vermier (2014-05-13):
301# our Egypt office confirms that the change will be at 15 May "midnight" (24:00)
302
303# From Imed Chihi (2014-06-04):
304# We have finally "located" a precise official reference about the DST changes
305# in Egypt. The Ministers Cabinet decision is explained at
306# http://www.cabinet.gov.eg/Media/CabinetMeetingsDetails.aspx?id=347 ...
307# [T]his (Arabic) site is not accessible outside Egypt, but the page ...
308# translates into: "With regard to daylight saving time, it is scheduled to
309# take effect at exactly twelve o'clock this evening, Thursday, 15 MAY 2014,
310# to be suspended by twelve o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 26 JUN 2014,
311# and re-established again at the end of the month of Ramadan, at twelve
312# o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 31 JUL 2014." This statement has been
313# reproduced by other (more accessible) sites[, e.g.,]...
314# http://elgornal.net/news/news.aspx?id=4699258
315
316# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-04):
317# Sarah El Deeb and Lee Keath of AP report that the Egyptian government says
318# the change is because of blackouts in Cairo, even though Ahram Online (cited
319# above) says DST had no affect on electricity consumption. There is
320# no information about when DST will end this fall. See:
321# http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/el-sissi-pushes-egyptians-line-23614833
322
323# From Steffen Thorsen (2015-04-08):
324# Egypt will start DST on midnight after Thursday, April 30, 2015.
325# This is based on a law (no 35) from May 15, 2014 saying it starts the last
326# Thursday of April.... Clocks will still be turned back for Ramadan, but
327# dates not yet announced....
328# http://almogaz.com/news/weird-news/2015/04/05/1947105 ...
329# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-starts-dst-2015.html
330
331# From Ahmed Nazmy (2015-04-20):
332# Egypt's ministers cabinet just announced ... that it will cancel DST at
333# least for 2015.
334#
335# From Tim Parenti (2015-04-20):
336# http://english.ahram.org.eg/WriterArticles/NewsContentP/1/128195/Egypt/No-daylight-saving-this-summer-Egypts-prime-minist.aspx
337# "Egypt's cabinet agreed on Monday not to switch clocks for daylight saving
338# time this summer, and carry out studies on the possibility of canceling the
339# practice altogether in future years."
340#
341# From Paul Eggert (2015-04-24):
342# Yesterday the office of Egyptian President El-Sisi announced his
343# decision to abandon DST permanently. See Ahram Online 2015-04-24.
344# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/128509/Egypt/Politics-/Sisi-cancels-daylight-saving-time-in-Egypt.aspx
345
346# From Steffen Thorsen (2016-04-29):
347# Egypt will have DST from July 7 until the end of October....
348# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContentP/1/204655/Egypt/Daylight-savings-time-returning-to-Egypt-on--July.aspx
349# From Mina Samuel (2016-07-04):
350# Egyptian government took the decision to cancel the DST,
351
352Rule Egypt 2008 only - Aug lastThu 24:00 0 -
353Rule Egypt 2009 only - Aug 20 24:00 0 -
354Rule Egypt 2010 only - Aug 10 24:00 0 -
355Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep 9 24:00 1:00 S
356Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 -
357Rule Egypt 2014 only - May 15 24:00 1:00 S
358Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jun 26 24:00 0 -
359Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jul 31 24:00 1:00 S
360Rule Egypt 2014 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 -
361
362# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
363Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:09 - LMT 1900 Oct
364 2:00 Egypt EE%sT
365
366# Equatorial Guinea
367# See Africa/Lagos.
368
369# Eritrea
370# Ethiopia
371# See Africa/Nairobi.
372
373# Gabon
374# See Africa/Lagos.
375
376# Gambia
377# See Africa/Abidjan.
378
379# Ghana
380# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
381# Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to "the present";
382# Shanks & Pottenger say 1936 to 1942;
383# and September 1 to January 1 is given by:
384# Scott Keltie J, Epstein M (eds), The Statesman's Year-Book,
385# 57th ed. Macmillan, London (1920), OCLC 609408015, pp xxviii.
386# For lack of better info, assume DST was observed from 1920 to 1942.
387Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Sep 1 0:00 0:20 GHST
388Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Dec 31 0:00 0 GMT
389# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
390Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1918
391 0:00 Ghana %s
392
393# Guinea
394# See Africa/Abidjan.
395
396# Guinea-Bissau
397#
398# Shanks gives 1911-05-26 for the transition to WAT,
399# evidently confusing the date of the Portuguese decree
400# http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
401# with the date that it took effect, namely 1912-01-01.
402#
403# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
404Zone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1
405 -1:00 - WAT 1975
406 0:00 - GMT
407
408# Kenya
409# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
410Zone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1928 Jul
411 3:00 - EAT 1930
412 2:30 - BEAT 1940
413 2:45 - BEAUT 1960
414 3:00 - EAT
415Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Addis_Ababa # Ethiopia
416Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Asmara # Eritrea
417Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Dar_es_Salaam # Tanzania
418Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Djibouti
419Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Kampala # Uganda
420Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Mogadishu # Somalia
421Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Antananarivo # Madagascar
422Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Comoro
423Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Mayotte
424
425# Lesotho
426# See Africa/Johannesburg.
427
428# Liberia
429# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
430# In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch
431# from a UTC offset that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes.
432# Howse reports that it was in honor of their president's birthday.
433# Shank & Pottenger report the date as May 1, whereas Howse reports Jan;
434# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
435# For Liberia before 1972, Shanks & Pottenger report -0:44, whereas Howse and
436# Whitman each report -0:44:30; go with the more precise figure.
437# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
438Zone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882
439 -0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time
440 -0:44:30 - LRT 1972 May # Liberia Time
441 0:00 - GMT
442
443###############################################################################
444
445# Libya
446
447# From Even Scharning (2012-11-10):
448# Libya set their time one hour back at 02:00 on Saturday November 10.
449# http://www.libyaherald.com/2012/11/04/clocks-to-go-back-an-hour-on-saturday/
450# Here is an official source [in Arabic]: http://ls.ly/fb6Yc
451#
452# Steffen Thorsen forwarded a translation (2012-11-10) in
453# http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2012-November/018451.html
454#
455# From Tim Parenti (2012-11-11):
456# Treat the 2012-11-10 change as a zone change from UTC+2 to UTC+1.
457# The DST rules planned for 2013 and onward roughly mirror those of Europe
458# (either two days before them or five days after them, so as to fall on
459# lastFri instead of lastSun).
460
461# From Even Scharning (2013-10-25):
462# The scheduled end of DST in Libya on Friday, October 25, 2013 was
463# cancelled yesterday....
464# http://www.libyaherald.com/2013/10/24/correction-no-time-change-tomorrow/
465#
466# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-25):
467# For now, assume they're reverting to the pre-2012 rules of permanent UT +02.
468
469# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
470Rule Libya 1951 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 S
471Rule Libya 1952 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
472Rule Libya 1953 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 S
473Rule Libya 1954 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
474Rule Libya 1955 only - Sep 30 0:00 1:00 S
475Rule Libya 1956 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
476Rule Libya 1982 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
477Rule Libya 1982 1985 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
478Rule Libya 1985 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S
479Rule Libya 1986 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S
480Rule Libya 1986 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
481Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
482Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
483Rule Libya 1997 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S
484Rule Libya 1997 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
485Rule Libya 2013 only - Mar lastFri 1:00 1:00 S
486Rule Libya 2013 only - Oct lastFri 2:00 0 -
487# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
488Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920
489 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959
490 2:00 - EET 1982
491 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1990 May 4
492# The 1996 and 1997 entries are from Shanks & Pottenger;
493# the IATA SSIM data entries contain some obvious errors.
494 2:00 - EET 1996 Sep 30
495 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1997 Oct 4
496 2:00 - EET 2012 Nov 10 2:00
497 1:00 Libya CE%sT 2013 Oct 25 2:00
498 2:00 - EET
499
500# Madagascar
501# See Africa/Nairobi.
502
503# Malawi
504# See Africa/Maputo.
505
506# Mali
507# Mauritania
508# See Africa/Abidjan.
509
510# Mauritius
511
512# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25):
513# Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial
514# basis....
515# It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to
516# 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful....
517# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html
518
519# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25):
520# http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD
521
522# From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30):
523# The www.timeanddate.com article cited by Steffen Thorsen notes that "A
524# final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving
525# would begin and end on these dates." As a place holder, use midnight.
526
527# From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30):
528# Follow Thorsen on DST in 1982/1983, instead of Shanks & Pottenger.
529
530# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10):
531# According to
532# http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216
533# (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier
534# than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31). The new start
535# date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time
536# given, but it is probably at either 2 or 3 wall clock time).
537#
538# A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date
539# to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date,
540# but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in
541# USA/Canada last year (DST ends first Sunday in November). I also wonder
542# why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which
543# changes two days later.
544
545# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11):
546# Seems that English language article "The revival of daylight saving
547# time: Energy conservation?"- No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally
548# published on Monday, June 30, 2008...
549#
550# I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction
551# de l'heure d'��t��" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26
552# and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one....
553# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html
554
555# From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03):
556# The Government of Mauritius weblink
557# http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD
558# Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows:
559#
560# 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly
561# of the Time Bill which provides for the introduction of summer time in
562# Mauritius. The summer time period which will be of one hour ahead of
563# the standard time, will be aligned with that in Europe and the United
564# States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the
565# last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on
566# the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the
567# year 2008-2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008
568# and end on 29 March 2009.
569
570# From Ed Maste (2008-10-07):
571# THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the
572# beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the
573# morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March.
574# http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf
575
576# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05):
577# According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe
578# DST the coming summer...
579#
580# Some sources, in French:
581# http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB
582# http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints-
583#
584# Our wrap-up:
585# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html
586
587# From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11):
588# The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this:
589# "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour
590# at 2am (or 02:00) local time..."
591
592# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
593Rule Mauritius 1982 only - Oct 10 0:00 1:00 S
594Rule Mauritius 1983 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 -
595Rule Mauritius 2008 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
596Rule Mauritius 2009 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
597# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
598Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis
599 4:00 Mauritius MU%sT # Mauritius Time
600# Agalega Is, Rodriguez
601# no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius
602
603# Mayotte
604# See Africa/Nairobi.
605
606# Morocco
607# See the 'europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta).
608
609# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
610# Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between
611# 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008.
612#
613# "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will
614# be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to
615# Communication Minister and Government Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...."
616#
617# http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html
618# http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html
619
620# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
621# The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe
622# Presse:
623# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view
624#
625# Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt.
626# spokesman.
627
628# From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09):
629# According to this article:
630# http://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html
631# (and republished here: <http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html>)
632# the changes occur at midnight:
633#
634# Saturday night May 31st at midnight (which in French is to be
635# interpreted as the night between Saturday and Sunday)
636# Sunday night the 28th at midnight
637#
638# Seeing that the 28th is Monday, I am guessing that she intends to say
639# the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between Sunday and
640# Monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive
641# June 1st to Sept 27th.
642#
643# The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree
644# published on the web.
645#
646# It's also confirmed here:
647# http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm
648# on a government portal as being between June 1st and Sept 27th (not yet
649# posted in English).
650#
651# The following Google query will generate many relevant hits:
652# http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search
653
654# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27):
655# Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31
656# and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end
657# of September:
658#
659# One article about it (in French):
660# http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default
661#
662# We have some further details posted here:
663# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html
664
665# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17):
666# Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according
667# to many sources, such as
668# http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html
669# http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312
670# (French)
671#
672# Our summary:
673# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html
674
675# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17):
676# Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre,
677# Minist��re de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics
678#
679# Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 June 1967)
680# concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of
681# Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be
682# advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight.
683#
684# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf
685# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html
686
687# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-04-13):
688# Several news media in Morocco report that the Ministry of Modernization
689# of Public Sectors has announced that Morocco will have DST from
690# 2010-05-02 to 2010-08-08.
691#
692# Example:
693# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html
694# (French)
695# Our page:
696# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html
697
698# From Dan Abitol (2011-03-30):
699# ...Rules for Africa/Casablanca are the following (24h format)
700# The 3rd April 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd April 01:00:00
701# The 31st July 2011 at 00:59:59, [it] will be 31st July 00:00:00
702# ...Official links of change in morocco
703# The change was broadcast on the FM Radio
704# I ve called ANRT (telecom regulations in Morocco) at
705# +212.537.71.84.00
706# http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/
707# They said that
708# http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view
709# is the official publication to look at.
710# They said that the decision was already taken.
711#
712# More articles in the press
713# http://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-leve.html
714# http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923
715# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim
716
717# From Petr Machata (2011-03-30):
718# They have it written in English here:
719# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view
720#
721# It says there that "Morocco will resume its standard time on July 31,
722# 2011 at midnight." Now they don't say whether they mean midnight of
723# wall clock time (i.e. 11pm UTC), but that's what I would assume. It has
724# also been like that in the past.
725
726# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-03-09):
727# According to Infom��diaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma),
728# on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure l��gale:
729# Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d'��t��
730# http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-l%C3%A9gale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-d%C3%A9t%C3%A9
731# Governing Council adopted draft decree, that Morocco DST starts on
732# the last Sunday of March (March 25, 2012) and ends on
733# last Sunday of September (September 30, 2012)
734# except the month of Ramadan.
735# or (brief)
736# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html
737
738# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-10):
739# The infomediaire.ma source indicates that the system is to be in
740# effect every year. It gives 03H00 as the "fall back" time of day;
741# it lacks a "spring forward" time of day; assume 2:00 XXX.
742# Wait on specifying the Ramadan exception for details about
743# start date, start time of day, end date, and end time of day XXX.
744
745# From Christophe Tropamer (2012-03-16):
746# Seen Morocco change again:
747# http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php
748# "...�� partir du dernier dimanche d'avril et non fins mars,
749# comme annonc�� pr��c��demment."
750
751# From Milamber Space Network (2012-07-17):
752# The official return to GMT is announced by the Moroccan government:
753# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 [in French]
754#
755# Google translation, lightly edited:
756# Back to the standard time of the Kingdom (GMT)
757# Pursuant to Decree No. 2-12-126 issued on 26 Jumada (I) 1433 (April 18,
758# 2012) and in accordance with the order of Mr. President of the
759# Government No. 3-47-12 issued on 24 Sha'ban (11 July 2012), the Ministry
760# of Public Service and Administration Modernization announces the return
761# of the legal time of the Kingdom (GMT) from Friday, July 20, 2012 until
762# Monday, August 20, 2012. So the time will be delayed by 60 minutes from
763# 3:00 am Friday, July 20, 2012 and will again be advanced by 60 minutes
764# August 20, 2012 from 2:00 am.
765
766# From Paul Eggert (2013-03-06):
767# Morocco's daylight-saving transitions due to Ramadan seem to be
768# announced a bit in advance. On 2012-07-11 the Moroccan government
769# announced that year's Ramadan daylight-saving transitions would be
770# 2012-07-20 and 2012-08-20; see
771# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288
772
773# From Andrew Paprocki (2013-07-02):
774# Morocco announced that the year's Ramadan daylight-savings
775# transitions would be 2013-07-07 and 2013-08-10; see:
776# http://www.maroc.ma/en/news/morocco-suspends-daylight-saving-time-july-7-aug10
777
778# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-28):
779# Morocco extends DST by one month, on very short notice, just 1 day
780# before it was going to end. There is a new decree (2.13.781) for
781# this, where DST from now on goes from last Sunday of March at 02:00
782# to last Sunday of October at 03:00, similar to EU rules. Official
783# source (French):
784# http://www.maroc.gov.ma/fr/actualites/lhoraire-dete-gmt1-maintenu-jusquau-27-octobre-2013
785# Another source (specifying the time for start and end in the decree):
786# http://www.lemag.ma/Heure-d-ete-au-Maroc-jusqu-au-27-octobre_a75620.html
787
788# From Sebastien Willemijns (2014-03-18):
789# http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2014/3/18/maroc-heure-dete-avancez-tous-horloges-247891.asp
790
791# From Milamber Space Network (2014-06-05):
792# The Moroccan government has recently announced that the country will return
793# to standard time at 03:00 on Saturday, June 28, 2014 local time.... DST
794# will resume again at 02:00 on Saturday, August 2, 2014....
795# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=586
796
797# From Milamber (2015-06-08):
798# (Google Translation) The hour will thus be delayed 60 minutes
799# Sunday, June 14 at 3:00, the ministry said in a statement, adding
800# that the time will be advanced again 60 minutes Sunday, July 19,
801# 2015 at 2:00. The move comes under 2.12.126 Decree of 26 Jumada I
802# 1433 (18 April 2012) and the decision of the Head of Government of
803# 16 N. 3-29-15 Chaaban 1435 (4 June 2015).
804# Source (french):
805# http://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/
806#
807# From Milamber (2015-06-09):
808# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=863
809#
810# From Michael Deckers (2015-06-09):
811# [The gov.ma announcement] would (probably) make the switch on 2015-07-19 go
812# from 03:00 to 04:00 rather than from 02:00 to 03:00, as in the patch....
813# I think the patch is correct and the quoted text is wrong; the text in
814#
815# with the patch.
816
817# From Paul Eggert (2015-06-08):
818# For now, guess that later spring and fall transitions will use 2015's rules,
819# and guess that Morocco will switch to standard time at 03:00 the last
820# Sunday before Ramadan, and back to DST at 02:00 the first Sunday after
821# Ramadan. To implement this, transition dates for 2016 through 2037 were
822# determined by running the following program under GNU Emacs 24.3, with the
823# results integrated by hand into the table below.
824# (let ((islamic-year 1437))
825# (require 'cal-islam)
826# (while (< islamic-year 1460)
827# (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year)))
828# (b (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year)))
829# (sunday 0))
830# (while (/= sunday (mod (setq a (1- a)) 7)))
831# (while (/= sunday (mod b 7))
832# (setq b (1+ b)))
833# (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a))
834# (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b))
835# (insert
836# (format
837# (concat "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 3:00\t0\t-\n"
838# "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 2:00\t1:00\tS\n")
839# (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a))
840# (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b)))))
841# (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year))))
842
843# RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
844
845Rule Morocco 1939 only - Sep 12 0:00 1:00 S
846Rule Morocco 1939 only - Nov 19 0:00 0 -
847Rule Morocco 1940 only - Feb 25 0:00 1:00 S
848Rule Morocco 1945 only - Nov 18 0:00 0 -
849Rule Morocco 1950 only - Jun 11 0:00 1:00 S
850Rule Morocco 1950 only - Oct 29 0:00 0 -
851Rule Morocco 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S
852Rule Morocco 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
853Rule Morocco 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S
854Rule Morocco 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
855Rule Morocco 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
856Rule Morocco 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 -
857Rule Morocco 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
858Rule Morocco 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
859Rule Morocco 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 -
860Rule Morocco 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
861Rule Morocco 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
862Rule Morocco 2009 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
863Rule Morocco 2009 only - Aug 21 0:00 0 -
864Rule Morocco 2010 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S
865Rule Morocco 2010 only - Aug 8 0:00 0 -
866Rule Morocco 2011 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
867Rule Morocco 2011 only - Jul 31 0:00 0 -
868Rule Morocco 2012 2013 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
869Rule Morocco 2012 only - Jul 20 3:00 0 -
870Rule Morocco 2012 only - Aug 20 2:00 1:00 S
871Rule Morocco 2012 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
872Rule Morocco 2013 only - Jul 7 3:00 0 -
873Rule Morocco 2013 only - Aug 10 2:00 1:00 S
874Rule Morocco 2013 max - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 -
875Rule Morocco 2014 2021 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
876Rule Morocco 2014 only - Jun 28 3:00 0 -
877Rule Morocco 2014 only - Aug 2 2:00 1:00 S
878Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jun 14 3:00 0 -
879Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jul 19 2:00 1:00 S
880Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jun 5 3:00 0 -
881Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jul 10 2:00 1:00 S
882Rule Morocco 2017 only - May 21 3:00 0 -
883Rule Morocco 2017 only - Jul 2 2:00 1:00 S
884Rule Morocco 2018 only - May 13 3:00 0 -
885Rule Morocco 2018 only - Jun 17 2:00 1:00 S
886Rule Morocco 2019 only - May 5 3:00 0 -
887Rule Morocco 2019 only - Jun 9 2:00 1:00 S
888Rule Morocco 2020 only - Apr 19 3:00 0 -
889Rule Morocco 2020 only - May 24 2:00 1:00 S
890Rule Morocco 2021 only - Apr 11 3:00 0 -
891Rule Morocco 2021 only - May 16 2:00 1:00 S
892Rule Morocco 2022 only - May 8 2:00 1:00 S
893Rule Morocco 2023 only - Apr 23 2:00 1:00 S
894Rule Morocco 2024 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 S
895Rule Morocco 2025 only - Apr 6 2:00 1:00 S
896Rule Morocco 2026 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
897Rule Morocco 2036 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 -
898Rule Morocco 2037 only - Oct 4 3:00 0 -
899
900# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
901Zone Africa/Casablanca -0:30:20 - LMT 1913 Oct 26
902 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 1984 Mar 16
903 1:00 - CET 1986
904 0:00 Morocco WE%sT
905
906# Western Sahara
907#
908# From Gwillim Law (2013-10-22):
909# A correspondent who is usually well informed about time zone matters
910# ... says that Western Sahara observes daylight saving time, just as
911# Morocco does.
912#
913# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-23):
914# Assume that this has been true since Western Sahara switched to GMT,
915# since most of it was then controlled by Morocco.
916
917Zone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan # El Aai��n
918 -1:00 - WAT 1976 Apr 14
919 0:00 Morocco WE%sT
920
921# Mozambique
922#
923# Shanks gives 1903-03-01 for the transition to CAT.
924# Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree
925# http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
926# merely made it official?
927#
928# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
929Zone Africa/Maputo 2:10:20 - LMT 1903 Mar
930 2:00 - CAT
931Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Blantyre # Malawi
932Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Bujumbura # Burundi
933Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Gaborone # Botswana
934Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Harare # Zimbabwe
935Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Kigali # Rwanda
936Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lubumbashi # E Dem. Rep. of Congo
937Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lusaka # Zambia
938
939# Namibia
940# The 1994-04-03 transition is from Shanks & Pottenger.
941# Shanks & Pottenger report no DST after 1998-04; go with IATA.
942
943# From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30):
944# http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html
945# While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other
946# settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there
947# rises and sets earlier compared to other regions. Chief of
948# Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of
949# the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest
950# of the country.
951#
952# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-31):
953# Apparently the Caprivi Strip informally observes Botswana time, but
954# we have no details. In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone.
955
956# RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
957Rule Namibia 1994 max - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
958Rule Namibia 1995 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
959# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
960Zone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8
961 1:30 - SWAT 1903 Mar # SW Africa Time
962 2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00
963 2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00
964 2:00 - SAST 1990 Mar 21 # independence
965 2:00 - CAT 1994 Apr 3
966 1:00 Namibia WA%sT
967
968# Niger
969# See Africa/Lagos.
970
971# Nigeria
972# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
973Zone Africa/Lagos 0:13:36 - LMT 1919 Sep
974 1:00 - WAT
975Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Bangui # Central African Republic
976Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Brazzaville # Rep. of the Congo
977Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Douala # Cameroon
978Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Kinshasa # Dem. Rep. of the Congo (west)
979Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Libreville # Gabon
980Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Luanda # Angola
981Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Malabo # Equatorial Guinea
982Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Niamey # Niger
983Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Porto-Novo # Benin
984
985# R��union
986# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
987Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis
988 4:00 - RET # R��union Time
989#
990# Crozet Islands also observes R��union time; see the 'antarctica' file.
991#
992# Scattered Islands (��les ��parses) administered from R��union are as follows.
993# The following information about them is taken from
994# ��les ��parses (<http://www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm>, 1997-07-22,
995# in French; no longer available as of 1999-08-17).
996# We have no info about their time zone histories.
997#
998# Bassas da India - uninhabited
999# Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families
1000# Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958
1001# Juan de Nova - uninhabited
1002# Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958
1003
1004# Rwanda
1005# See Africa/Maputo.
1006
1007# St Helena
1008# See Africa/Abidjan.
1009# The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar:
1010# Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA
1011# Ascension: on GMT, say the USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA
1012# Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously):
1013# on GMT, says the CIA
1014# Inaccessible, Nightingale: uninhabited
1015
1016# S��o Tom�� and Pr��ncipe
1017# Senegal
1018# See Africa/Abidjan.
1019
1020# Seychelles
1021# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1022Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1906 Jun # Victoria
1023 4:00 - SCT # Seychelles Time
1024# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30):
1025# Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the
1026# Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory
1027# in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know
1028# whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now.
1029# Possibly the islands were uninhabited.
1030
1031# Sierra Leone
1032# See Africa/Abidjan.
1033
1034# Somalia
1035# See Africa/Nairobi.
1036
1037# South Africa
1038# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1039Rule SA 1942 1943 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 -
1040Rule SA 1943 1944 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
1041# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1042Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8
1043 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar
1044 2:00 SA SAST
1045Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Maseru # Lesotho
1046Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Mbabane # Swaziland
1047#
1048# Marion and Prince Edward Is
1049# scientific station since 1947
1050# no information
1051
1052# Sudan
1053#
1054# From <http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html>
1055# Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13),
1056# also reported by Micha��l De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen:
1057# Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon
1058# Saturday.... This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for
1059# Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin.
1060#
1061# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1062Rule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1063Rule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 -
1064Rule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
1065Rule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
1066# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1067Zone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931
1068 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00
1069 3:00 - EAT
1070
1071# South Sudan
1072Link Africa/Khartoum Africa/Juba
1073
1074# Swaziland
1075# See Africa/Johannesburg.
1076
1077# Tanzania
1078# See Africa/Nairobi.
1079
1080# Togo
1081# See Africa/Abidjan.
1082
1083# Tunisia
1084
1085# From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30):
1086# My correspondent, Risto Nyk��nen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST,
1087# this time in Tunisia. According to Yahoo France News
1088# <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP
1089# and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by
1090# one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1. Henceforth, Tunisian time will be
1091# UTC+2 instead of UTC+1. The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next
1092# Saturday." (My translation)
1093#
1094# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02):
1095# La Presse, the first national daily newspaper ...
1096# http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html
1097# ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30,
1098# 1h standard time.
1099#
1100# From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28):
1101# The daylight saving time will be the same each year:
1102# Beginning : the last Sunday of March at 02:00
1103# Ending : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ...
1104# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50
1105
1106# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16):
1107# According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year.
1108# (Arabic)
1109# http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546
1110# http://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp
1111#
1112# We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia.
1113# We have a wrap-up about this on the following page:
1114# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html
1115
1116# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17):
1117# Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency
1118#
1119# Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn):
1120#
1121# (in English)
1122# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157
1123#
1124# (in Arabic)
1125# http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1
1126
1127# From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-18):
1128# The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is
1129# due to the fact that the fasting month of Ramadan coincides with the period
1130# concerned by summer time. Therefore, the standard time will be kept
1131# unchanged the whole year long." So foregoing DST seems to be an exception
1132# (albeit one that may be repeated in the future).
1133
1134# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-27):
1135# According to some news reports Tunis confirmed not to use DST in 2010
1136#
1137# (translation):
1138# "The Tunisian government has decided to abandon DST, which was scheduled on
1139# Sunday...
1140# Tunisian authorities had suspended the DST for the first time last year also
1141# coincided with the month of Ramadan..."
1142#
1143# (in Arabic)
1144# http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1
1145# http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036
1146# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html
1147
1148# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1149Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
1150Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 -
1151Rule Tunisia 1940 only - Feb 25 23:00s 1:00 S
1152Rule Tunisia 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 -
1153Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 1:00 S
1154Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 -
1155Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S
1156Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 17 2:00 0 -
1157Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 25 2:00 1:00 S
1158Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
1159Rule Tunisia 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S
1160Rule Tunisia 1944 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
1161Rule Tunisia 1945 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
1162Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Apr 30 0:00s 1:00 S
1163Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Sep 24 0:00s 0 -
1164Rule Tunisia 1978 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1165Rule Tunisia 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
1166Rule Tunisia 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1167Rule Tunisia 1988 1990 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
1168Rule Tunisia 1989 only - Mar 26 0:00s 1:00 S
1169Rule Tunisia 1990 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1170Rule Tunisia 2005 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1171Rule Tunisia 2005 only - Sep 30 1:00s 0 -
1172Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
1173Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
1174
1175# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
1176# more precise 0:09:21.
1177# Shanks & Pottenger say the 1911 switch was on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11.
1178# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1179Zone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May 12
1180 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
1181 1:00 Tunisia CE%sT
1182
1183# Uganda
1184# See Africa/Nairobi.
1185
1186# Zambia
1187# Zimbabwe
1188# See Africa/Maputo.
2# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
3
4# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
5# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
6# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
7# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
8
9# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31):
10#
11# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
12# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
13# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
14# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
15#
16# Gwillim Law writes that a good source
17# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
18# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
19# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
20# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted,
21# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
22#
23# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
24# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
25# I found in the UCLA library.
26#
27# For data circa 1899, a common source is:
28# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
29# http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
30#
31# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
32# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
33#
34# Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT
35# for +0:00 through +3:00, respectively,
36# but Mark R V Murray reports that
37# 'SAST' is the official abbreviation for +2:00 in the country of South Africa,
38# 'CAT' is commonly used for +2:00 in countries north of South Africa, and
39# 'WAT' is probably the best name for +1:00, as the common phrase for
40# the area that includes Nigeria is "West Africa".
41# He has heard of "Western Sahara Time" for +0:00 but can find no reference.
42#
43# To make things confusing, 'WAT' seems to have been used for -1:00 long ago;
44# I'd guess that this was because people needed _some_ name for -1:00,
45# and at the time, far west Africa was the only major land area in -1:00.
46# This usage is now obsolete, as the last use of -1:00 on the African
47# mainland seems to have been 1976 in Western Sahara.
48#
49# To summarize, the following abbreviations seem to have some currency:
50# -1:00 WAT West Africa Time (no longer used)
51# 0:00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time
52# 2:00 CAT Central Africa Time
53# 2:00 SAST South Africa Standard Time
54# and Murray suggests the following abbreviation:
55# 1:00 WAT West Africa Time
56# I realize that this leads to 'WAT' being used for both -1:00 and 1:00
57# for times before 1976, but this is the best I can think of
58# until we get more information.
59#
60# I invented the following abbreviations; corrections are welcome!
61# 2:00 WAST West Africa Summer Time
62# 2:30 BEAT British East Africa Time (no longer used)
63# 2:45 BEAUT British East Africa Unified Time (no longer used)
64# 3:00 CAST Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
65# 3:00 SAST South Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
66# 3:00 EAT East Africa Time
67
68# Algeria
69# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
70Rule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S
71Rule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 -
72Rule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S
73Rule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S
74Rule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
75Rule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S
76Rule Algeria 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 -
77Rule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S
78Rule Algeria 1921 only - Jun 21 23:00s 0 -
79Rule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 S
80Rule Algeria 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00 0 -
81Rule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S
82Rule Algeria 1944 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 -
83Rule Algeria 1945 only - Sep 16 1:00 0 -
84Rule Algeria 1971 only - Apr 25 23:00s 1:00 S
85Rule Algeria 1971 only - Sep 26 23:00s 0 -
86Rule Algeria 1977 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S
87Rule Algeria 1977 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 -
88Rule Algeria 1978 only - Mar 24 1:00 1:00 S
89Rule Algeria 1978 only - Sep 22 3:00 0 -
90Rule Algeria 1980 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 S
91Rule Algeria 1980 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 -
92# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
93# more precise 0:09:21.
94# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
95Zone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01
96 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
97 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1940 Feb 25 2:00
98 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1946 Oct 7
99 0:00 - WET 1956 Jan 29
100 1:00 - CET 1963 Apr 14
101 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1977 Oct 21
102 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1979 Oct 26
103 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1981 May
104 1:00 - CET
105
106# Angola
107# Benin
108# See Africa/Lagos.
109
110# Botswana
111# See Africa/Maputo.
112
113# Burkina Faso
114# See Africa/Abidjan.
115
116# Burundi
117# See Africa/Maputo.
118
119# Cameroon
120# See Africa/Lagos.
121
122# Cape Verde
123#
124# Shanks gives 1907 for the transition to CVT.
125# Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree
126# http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
127# merely made it official?
128#
129# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
130Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1907 # Praia
131 -2:00 - CVT 1942 Sep
132 -2:00 1:00 CVST 1945 Oct 15
133 -2:00 - CVT 1975 Nov 25 2:00
134 -1:00 - CVT
135
136# Central African Republic
137# See Africa/Lagos.
138
139# Chad
140# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
141Zone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912 # N'Djamena
142 1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14
143 1:00 1:00 WAST 1980 Mar 8
144 1:00 - WAT
145
146# Comoros
147# See Africa/Nairobi.
148
149# Democratic Republic of the Congo
150# See Africa/Lagos for the western part and Africa/Maputo for the eastern.
151
152# Republic of the Congo
153# See Africa/Lagos.
154
155# C��te d'Ivoire / Ivory Coast
156# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
157Zone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912
158 0:00 - GMT
159Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Bamako # Mali
160Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Banjul # Gambia
161Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Conakry # Guinea
162Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Dakar # Senegal
163Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Freetown # Sierra Leone
164Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Lome # Togo
165Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Nouakchott # Mauritania
166Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Ouagadougou # Burkina Faso
167Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Sao_Tome # S��o Tom�� and Pr��ncipe
168Link Africa/Abidjan Atlantic/St_Helena # St Helena
169
170# Djibouti
171# See Africa/Nairobi.
172
173###############################################################################
174
175# Egypt
176
177# Milne says Cairo used 2:05:08.9, the local mean time of the Abbasizeh
178# observatory; round to nearest. Milne also says that the official time for
179# Egypt was mean noon at the Great Pyramid, 2:04:30.5, but apparently this
180# did not apply to Cairo, Alexandria, or Port Said.
181
182# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
183Rule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S
184Rule Egypt 1940 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
185Rule Egypt 1941 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S
186Rule Egypt 1941 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
187Rule Egypt 1942 1944 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
188Rule Egypt 1942 only - Oct 27 0:00 0 -
189Rule Egypt 1943 1945 - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
190Rule Egypt 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S
191Rule Egypt 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
192Rule Egypt 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
193Rule Egypt 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
194Rule Egypt 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
195Rule Egypt 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
196Rule Egypt 1966 1994 - Oct 1 3:00 0 -
197Rule Egypt 1982 only - Jul 25 1:00 1:00 S
198Rule Egypt 1983 only - Jul 12 1:00 1:00 S
199Rule Egypt 1984 1988 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
200Rule Egypt 1989 only - May 6 1:00 1:00 S
201Rule Egypt 1990 1994 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
202# IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00.
203# Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29.
204
205# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-04-20):
206# "...Egypt's interim cabinet decided on Wednesday to cancel daylight
207# saving time after a poll posted on its website showed the majority of
208# Egyptians would approve the cancellation."
209#
210# Egypt to cancel daylight saving time
211# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168
212# or
213# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html
214Rule Egypt 1995 2010 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S
215Rule Egypt 1995 2005 - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 -
216# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19):
217# The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports:
218# Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday
219# after observing the daylight saving time since May.
220# http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf
221Rule Egypt 2006 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
222# From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14):
223# I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight
224# saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07.
225# From Jesper N��rgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:]
226# http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm
227# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53
228# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...:
229# http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm
230Rule Egypt 2007 only - Sep Thu>=1 24:00 0 -
231# From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06):
232# Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter
233# than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each
234# year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite
235# hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by
236# shifting business hours one hour out of daytime heat. Consequently,
237# unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008.
238# From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17):
239# For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August.
240
241# From Petr Machata (2009-04-06):
242# The following appeared in Red Hat bugzilla[1] (edited):
243#
244# > $ zdump -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo | grep 2009
245# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 21:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu =
246# Apr 23
247# > 23:59:59 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200
248# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 22:00:00 2009 UTC = Fri =
249# Apr 24
250# > 01:00:00 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800
251# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 20:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu =
252# Aug 27
253# > 23:59:59 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800
254# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 21:00:00 2009 UTC = Thu =
255# Aug 27
256# > 23:00:00 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200
257#
258# > end date should be Thu Sep 24 2009 (Last Thursday in September at 23:59=
259# :59)
260# > http://support.microsoft.com/kb/958729/
261#
262# timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that.
263#
264# [1] https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263
265# [2] http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53
266# [3] http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/
267
268# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20):
269# In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth
270# Thursday in September; Egypt is expected to revert to the last Thursday
271# in September.
272
273# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11):
274# We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet
275# Information and Decision Support Center:
276# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html
277#
278# The Middle East News Agency
279# http://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx
280# also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21"
281# today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT."
282# Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service,
283# and can be found by searching for "winter" in their search engine
284# (at least today).
285
286# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-07-20):
287# According to News from Egypt - Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has
288# decided that Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during
289# Ramadan.
290#
291# Arabic translation:
292# "Clocks to go back during Ramadan - and then forward again"
293# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again
294# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html
295
296# From Ahmad El-Dardiry (2014-05-07):
297# Egypt is to change back to Daylight system on May 15
298# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/100735/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-government-to-reapply-daylight-saving-time-.aspx
299
300# From Gunther Vermier (2014-05-13):
301# our Egypt office confirms that the change will be at 15 May "midnight" (24:00)
302
303# From Imed Chihi (2014-06-04):
304# We have finally "located" a precise official reference about the DST changes
305# in Egypt. The Ministers Cabinet decision is explained at
306# http://www.cabinet.gov.eg/Media/CabinetMeetingsDetails.aspx?id=347 ...
307# [T]his (Arabic) site is not accessible outside Egypt, but the page ...
308# translates into: "With regard to daylight saving time, it is scheduled to
309# take effect at exactly twelve o'clock this evening, Thursday, 15 MAY 2014,
310# to be suspended by twelve o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 26 JUN 2014,
311# and re-established again at the end of the month of Ramadan, at twelve
312# o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 31 JUL 2014." This statement has been
313# reproduced by other (more accessible) sites[, e.g.,]...
314# http://elgornal.net/news/news.aspx?id=4699258
315
316# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-04):
317# Sarah El Deeb and Lee Keath of AP report that the Egyptian government says
318# the change is because of blackouts in Cairo, even though Ahram Online (cited
319# above) says DST had no affect on electricity consumption. There is
320# no information about when DST will end this fall. See:
321# http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/el-sissi-pushes-egyptians-line-23614833
322
323# From Steffen Thorsen (2015-04-08):
324# Egypt will start DST on midnight after Thursday, April 30, 2015.
325# This is based on a law (no 35) from May 15, 2014 saying it starts the last
326# Thursday of April.... Clocks will still be turned back for Ramadan, but
327# dates not yet announced....
328# http://almogaz.com/news/weird-news/2015/04/05/1947105 ...
329# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-starts-dst-2015.html
330
331# From Ahmed Nazmy (2015-04-20):
332# Egypt's ministers cabinet just announced ... that it will cancel DST at
333# least for 2015.
334#
335# From Tim Parenti (2015-04-20):
336# http://english.ahram.org.eg/WriterArticles/NewsContentP/1/128195/Egypt/No-daylight-saving-this-summer-Egypts-prime-minist.aspx
337# "Egypt's cabinet agreed on Monday not to switch clocks for daylight saving
338# time this summer, and carry out studies on the possibility of canceling the
339# practice altogether in future years."
340#
341# From Paul Eggert (2015-04-24):
342# Yesterday the office of Egyptian President El-Sisi announced his
343# decision to abandon DST permanently. See Ahram Online 2015-04-24.
344# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/128509/Egypt/Politics-/Sisi-cancels-daylight-saving-time-in-Egypt.aspx
345
346# From Steffen Thorsen (2016-04-29):
347# Egypt will have DST from July 7 until the end of October....
348# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContentP/1/204655/Egypt/Daylight-savings-time-returning-to-Egypt-on--July.aspx
349# From Mina Samuel (2016-07-04):
350# Egyptian government took the decision to cancel the DST,
351
352Rule Egypt 2008 only - Aug lastThu 24:00 0 -
353Rule Egypt 2009 only - Aug 20 24:00 0 -
354Rule Egypt 2010 only - Aug 10 24:00 0 -
355Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep 9 24:00 1:00 S
356Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 -
357Rule Egypt 2014 only - May 15 24:00 1:00 S
358Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jun 26 24:00 0 -
359Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jul 31 24:00 1:00 S
360Rule Egypt 2014 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 -
361
362# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
363Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:09 - LMT 1900 Oct
364 2:00 Egypt EE%sT
365
366# Equatorial Guinea
367# See Africa/Lagos.
368
369# Eritrea
370# Ethiopia
371# See Africa/Nairobi.
372
373# Gabon
374# See Africa/Lagos.
375
376# Gambia
377# See Africa/Abidjan.
378
379# Ghana
380# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
381# Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to "the present";
382# Shanks & Pottenger say 1936 to 1942;
383# and September 1 to January 1 is given by:
384# Scott Keltie J, Epstein M (eds), The Statesman's Year-Book,
385# 57th ed. Macmillan, London (1920), OCLC 609408015, pp xxviii.
386# For lack of better info, assume DST was observed from 1920 to 1942.
387Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Sep 1 0:00 0:20 GHST
388Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Dec 31 0:00 0 GMT
389# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
390Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1918
391 0:00 Ghana %s
392
393# Guinea
394# See Africa/Abidjan.
395
396# Guinea-Bissau
397#
398# Shanks gives 1911-05-26 for the transition to WAT,
399# evidently confusing the date of the Portuguese decree
400# http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
401# with the date that it took effect, namely 1912-01-01.
402#
403# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
404Zone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1
405 -1:00 - WAT 1975
406 0:00 - GMT
407
408# Kenya
409# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
410Zone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1928 Jul
411 3:00 - EAT 1930
412 2:30 - BEAT 1940
413 2:45 - BEAUT 1960
414 3:00 - EAT
415Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Addis_Ababa # Ethiopia
416Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Asmara # Eritrea
417Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Dar_es_Salaam # Tanzania
418Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Djibouti
419Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Kampala # Uganda
420Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Mogadishu # Somalia
421Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Antananarivo # Madagascar
422Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Comoro
423Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Mayotte
424
425# Lesotho
426# See Africa/Johannesburg.
427
428# Liberia
429# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
430# In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch
431# from a UTC offset that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes.
432# Howse reports that it was in honor of their president's birthday.
433# Shank & Pottenger report the date as May 1, whereas Howse reports Jan;
434# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
435# For Liberia before 1972, Shanks & Pottenger report -0:44, whereas Howse and
436# Whitman each report -0:44:30; go with the more precise figure.
437# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
438Zone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882
439 -0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time
440 -0:44:30 - LRT 1972 May # Liberia Time
441 0:00 - GMT
442
443###############################################################################
444
445# Libya
446
447# From Even Scharning (2012-11-10):
448# Libya set their time one hour back at 02:00 on Saturday November 10.
449# http://www.libyaherald.com/2012/11/04/clocks-to-go-back-an-hour-on-saturday/
450# Here is an official source [in Arabic]: http://ls.ly/fb6Yc
451#
452# Steffen Thorsen forwarded a translation (2012-11-10) in
453# http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2012-November/018451.html
454#
455# From Tim Parenti (2012-11-11):
456# Treat the 2012-11-10 change as a zone change from UTC+2 to UTC+1.
457# The DST rules planned for 2013 and onward roughly mirror those of Europe
458# (either two days before them or five days after them, so as to fall on
459# lastFri instead of lastSun).
460
461# From Even Scharning (2013-10-25):
462# The scheduled end of DST in Libya on Friday, October 25, 2013 was
463# cancelled yesterday....
464# http://www.libyaherald.com/2013/10/24/correction-no-time-change-tomorrow/
465#
466# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-25):
467# For now, assume they're reverting to the pre-2012 rules of permanent UT +02.
468
469# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
470Rule Libya 1951 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 S
471Rule Libya 1952 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
472Rule Libya 1953 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 S
473Rule Libya 1954 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
474Rule Libya 1955 only - Sep 30 0:00 1:00 S
475Rule Libya 1956 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
476Rule Libya 1982 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
477Rule Libya 1982 1985 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
478Rule Libya 1985 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S
479Rule Libya 1986 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S
480Rule Libya 1986 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
481Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
482Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
483Rule Libya 1997 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S
484Rule Libya 1997 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
485Rule Libya 2013 only - Mar lastFri 1:00 1:00 S
486Rule Libya 2013 only - Oct lastFri 2:00 0 -
487# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
488Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920
489 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959
490 2:00 - EET 1982
491 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1990 May 4
492# The 1996 and 1997 entries are from Shanks & Pottenger;
493# the IATA SSIM data entries contain some obvious errors.
494 2:00 - EET 1996 Sep 30
495 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1997 Oct 4
496 2:00 - EET 2012 Nov 10 2:00
497 1:00 Libya CE%sT 2013 Oct 25 2:00
498 2:00 - EET
499
500# Madagascar
501# See Africa/Nairobi.
502
503# Malawi
504# See Africa/Maputo.
505
506# Mali
507# Mauritania
508# See Africa/Abidjan.
509
510# Mauritius
511
512# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25):
513# Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial
514# basis....
515# It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to
516# 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful....
517# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html
518
519# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25):
520# http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD
521
522# From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30):
523# The www.timeanddate.com article cited by Steffen Thorsen notes that "A
524# final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving
525# would begin and end on these dates." As a place holder, use midnight.
526
527# From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30):
528# Follow Thorsen on DST in 1982/1983, instead of Shanks & Pottenger.
529
530# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10):
531# According to
532# http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216
533# (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier
534# than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31). The new start
535# date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time
536# given, but it is probably at either 2 or 3 wall clock time).
537#
538# A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date
539# to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date,
540# but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in
541# USA/Canada last year (DST ends first Sunday in November). I also wonder
542# why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which
543# changes two days later.
544
545# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11):
546# Seems that English language article "The revival of daylight saving
547# time: Energy conservation?"- No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally
548# published on Monday, June 30, 2008...
549#
550# I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction
551# de l'heure d'��t��" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26
552# and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one....
553# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html
554
555# From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03):
556# The Government of Mauritius weblink
557# http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD
558# Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows:
559#
560# 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly
561# of the Time Bill which provides for the introduction of summer time in
562# Mauritius. The summer time period which will be of one hour ahead of
563# the standard time, will be aligned with that in Europe and the United
564# States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the
565# last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on
566# the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the
567# year 2008-2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008
568# and end on 29 March 2009.
569
570# From Ed Maste (2008-10-07):
571# THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the
572# beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the
573# morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March.
574# http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf
575
576# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05):
577# According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe
578# DST the coming summer...
579#
580# Some sources, in French:
581# http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB
582# http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints-
583#
584# Our wrap-up:
585# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html
586
587# From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11):
588# The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this:
589# "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour
590# at 2am (or 02:00) local time..."
591
592# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
593Rule Mauritius 1982 only - Oct 10 0:00 1:00 S
594Rule Mauritius 1983 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 -
595Rule Mauritius 2008 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
596Rule Mauritius 2009 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
597# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
598Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis
599 4:00 Mauritius MU%sT # Mauritius Time
600# Agalega Is, Rodriguez
601# no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius
602
603# Mayotte
604# See Africa/Nairobi.
605
606# Morocco
607# See the 'europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta).
608
609# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
610# Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between
611# 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008.
612#
613# "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will
614# be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to
615# Communication Minister and Government Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...."
616#
617# http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html
618# http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html
619
620# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
621# The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe
622# Presse:
623# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view
624#
625# Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt.
626# spokesman.
627
628# From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09):
629# According to this article:
630# http://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html
631# (and republished here: <http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html>)
632# the changes occur at midnight:
633#
634# Saturday night May 31st at midnight (which in French is to be
635# interpreted as the night between Saturday and Sunday)
636# Sunday night the 28th at midnight
637#
638# Seeing that the 28th is Monday, I am guessing that she intends to say
639# the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between Sunday and
640# Monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive
641# June 1st to Sept 27th.
642#
643# The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree
644# published on the web.
645#
646# It's also confirmed here:
647# http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm
648# on a government portal as being between June 1st and Sept 27th (not yet
649# posted in English).
650#
651# The following Google query will generate many relevant hits:
652# http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search
653
654# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27):
655# Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31
656# and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end
657# of September:
658#
659# One article about it (in French):
660# http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default
661#
662# We have some further details posted here:
663# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html
664
665# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17):
666# Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according
667# to many sources, such as
668# http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html
669# http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312
670# (French)
671#
672# Our summary:
673# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html
674
675# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17):
676# Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre,
677# Minist��re de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics
678#
679# Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 June 1967)
680# concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of
681# Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be
682# advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight.
683#
684# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf
685# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html
686
687# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-04-13):
688# Several news media in Morocco report that the Ministry of Modernization
689# of Public Sectors has announced that Morocco will have DST from
690# 2010-05-02 to 2010-08-08.
691#
692# Example:
693# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html
694# (French)
695# Our page:
696# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html
697
698# From Dan Abitol (2011-03-30):
699# ...Rules for Africa/Casablanca are the following (24h format)
700# The 3rd April 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd April 01:00:00
701# The 31st July 2011 at 00:59:59, [it] will be 31st July 00:00:00
702# ...Official links of change in morocco
703# The change was broadcast on the FM Radio
704# I ve called ANRT (telecom regulations in Morocco) at
705# +212.537.71.84.00
706# http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/
707# They said that
708# http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view
709# is the official publication to look at.
710# They said that the decision was already taken.
711#
712# More articles in the press
713# http://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-leve.html
714# http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923
715# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim
716
717# From Petr Machata (2011-03-30):
718# They have it written in English here:
719# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view
720#
721# It says there that "Morocco will resume its standard time on July 31,
722# 2011 at midnight." Now they don't say whether they mean midnight of
723# wall clock time (i.e. 11pm UTC), but that's what I would assume. It has
724# also been like that in the past.
725
726# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-03-09):
727# According to Infom��diaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma),
728# on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure l��gale:
729# Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d'��t��
730# http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-l%C3%A9gale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-d%C3%A9t%C3%A9
731# Governing Council adopted draft decree, that Morocco DST starts on
732# the last Sunday of March (March 25, 2012) and ends on
733# last Sunday of September (September 30, 2012)
734# except the month of Ramadan.
735# or (brief)
736# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html
737
738# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-10):
739# The infomediaire.ma source indicates that the system is to be in
740# effect every year. It gives 03H00 as the "fall back" time of day;
741# it lacks a "spring forward" time of day; assume 2:00 XXX.
742# Wait on specifying the Ramadan exception for details about
743# start date, start time of day, end date, and end time of day XXX.
744
745# From Christophe Tropamer (2012-03-16):
746# Seen Morocco change again:
747# http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php
748# "...�� partir du dernier dimanche d'avril et non fins mars,
749# comme annonc�� pr��c��demment."
750
751# From Milamber Space Network (2012-07-17):
752# The official return to GMT is announced by the Moroccan government:
753# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 [in French]
754#
755# Google translation, lightly edited:
756# Back to the standard time of the Kingdom (GMT)
757# Pursuant to Decree No. 2-12-126 issued on 26 Jumada (I) 1433 (April 18,
758# 2012) and in accordance with the order of Mr. President of the
759# Government No. 3-47-12 issued on 24 Sha'ban (11 July 2012), the Ministry
760# of Public Service and Administration Modernization announces the return
761# of the legal time of the Kingdom (GMT) from Friday, July 20, 2012 until
762# Monday, August 20, 2012. So the time will be delayed by 60 minutes from
763# 3:00 am Friday, July 20, 2012 and will again be advanced by 60 minutes
764# August 20, 2012 from 2:00 am.
765
766# From Paul Eggert (2013-03-06):
767# Morocco's daylight-saving transitions due to Ramadan seem to be
768# announced a bit in advance. On 2012-07-11 the Moroccan government
769# announced that year's Ramadan daylight-saving transitions would be
770# 2012-07-20 and 2012-08-20; see
771# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288
772
773# From Andrew Paprocki (2013-07-02):
774# Morocco announced that the year's Ramadan daylight-savings
775# transitions would be 2013-07-07 and 2013-08-10; see:
776# http://www.maroc.ma/en/news/morocco-suspends-daylight-saving-time-july-7-aug10
777
778# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-28):
779# Morocco extends DST by one month, on very short notice, just 1 day
780# before it was going to end. There is a new decree (2.13.781) for
781# this, where DST from now on goes from last Sunday of March at 02:00
782# to last Sunday of October at 03:00, similar to EU rules. Official
783# source (French):
784# http://www.maroc.gov.ma/fr/actualites/lhoraire-dete-gmt1-maintenu-jusquau-27-octobre-2013
785# Another source (specifying the time for start and end in the decree):
786# http://www.lemag.ma/Heure-d-ete-au-Maroc-jusqu-au-27-octobre_a75620.html
787
788# From Sebastien Willemijns (2014-03-18):
789# http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2014/3/18/maroc-heure-dete-avancez-tous-horloges-247891.asp
790
791# From Milamber Space Network (2014-06-05):
792# The Moroccan government has recently announced that the country will return
793# to standard time at 03:00 on Saturday, June 28, 2014 local time.... DST
794# will resume again at 02:00 on Saturday, August 2, 2014....
795# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=586
796
797# From Milamber (2015-06-08):
798# (Google Translation) The hour will thus be delayed 60 minutes
799# Sunday, June 14 at 3:00, the ministry said in a statement, adding
800# that the time will be advanced again 60 minutes Sunday, July 19,
801# 2015 at 2:00. The move comes under 2.12.126 Decree of 26 Jumada I
802# 1433 (18 April 2012) and the decision of the Head of Government of
803# 16 N. 3-29-15 Chaaban 1435 (4 June 2015).
804# Source (french):
805# http://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/
806#
807# From Milamber (2015-06-09):
808# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=863
809#
810# From Michael Deckers (2015-06-09):
811# [The gov.ma announcement] would (probably) make the switch on 2015-07-19 go
812# from 03:00 to 04:00 rather than from 02:00 to 03:00, as in the patch....
813# I think the patch is correct and the quoted text is wrong; the text in
814#
815# with the patch.
816
817# From Paul Eggert (2015-06-08):
818# For now, guess that later spring and fall transitions will use 2015's rules,
819# and guess that Morocco will switch to standard time at 03:00 the last
820# Sunday before Ramadan, and back to DST at 02:00 the first Sunday after
821# Ramadan. To implement this, transition dates for 2016 through 2037 were
822# determined by running the following program under GNU Emacs 24.3, with the
823# results integrated by hand into the table below.
824# (let ((islamic-year 1437))
825# (require 'cal-islam)
826# (while (< islamic-year 1460)
827# (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year)))
828# (b (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year)))
829# (sunday 0))
830# (while (/= sunday (mod (setq a (1- a)) 7)))
831# (while (/= sunday (mod b 7))
832# (setq b (1+ b)))
833# (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a))
834# (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b))
835# (insert
836# (format
837# (concat "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 3:00\t0\t-\n"
838# "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 2:00\t1:00\tS\n")
839# (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a))
840# (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b)))))
841# (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year))))
842
843# RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
844
845Rule Morocco 1939 only - Sep 12 0:00 1:00 S
846Rule Morocco 1939 only - Nov 19 0:00 0 -
847Rule Morocco 1940 only - Feb 25 0:00 1:00 S
848Rule Morocco 1945 only - Nov 18 0:00 0 -
849Rule Morocco 1950 only - Jun 11 0:00 1:00 S
850Rule Morocco 1950 only - Oct 29 0:00 0 -
851Rule Morocco 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S
852Rule Morocco 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
853Rule Morocco 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S
854Rule Morocco 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
855Rule Morocco 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
856Rule Morocco 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 -
857Rule Morocco 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
858Rule Morocco 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
859Rule Morocco 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 -
860Rule Morocco 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
861Rule Morocco 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
862Rule Morocco 2009 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
863Rule Morocco 2009 only - Aug 21 0:00 0 -
864Rule Morocco 2010 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S
865Rule Morocco 2010 only - Aug 8 0:00 0 -
866Rule Morocco 2011 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
867Rule Morocco 2011 only - Jul 31 0:00 0 -
868Rule Morocco 2012 2013 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
869Rule Morocco 2012 only - Jul 20 3:00 0 -
870Rule Morocco 2012 only - Aug 20 2:00 1:00 S
871Rule Morocco 2012 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
872Rule Morocco 2013 only - Jul 7 3:00 0 -
873Rule Morocco 2013 only - Aug 10 2:00 1:00 S
874Rule Morocco 2013 max - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 -
875Rule Morocco 2014 2021 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
876Rule Morocco 2014 only - Jun 28 3:00 0 -
877Rule Morocco 2014 only - Aug 2 2:00 1:00 S
878Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jun 14 3:00 0 -
879Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jul 19 2:00 1:00 S
880Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jun 5 3:00 0 -
881Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jul 10 2:00 1:00 S
882Rule Morocco 2017 only - May 21 3:00 0 -
883Rule Morocco 2017 only - Jul 2 2:00 1:00 S
884Rule Morocco 2018 only - May 13 3:00 0 -
885Rule Morocco 2018 only - Jun 17 2:00 1:00 S
886Rule Morocco 2019 only - May 5 3:00 0 -
887Rule Morocco 2019 only - Jun 9 2:00 1:00 S
888Rule Morocco 2020 only - Apr 19 3:00 0 -
889Rule Morocco 2020 only - May 24 2:00 1:00 S
890Rule Morocco 2021 only - Apr 11 3:00 0 -
891Rule Morocco 2021 only - May 16 2:00 1:00 S
892Rule Morocco 2022 only - May 8 2:00 1:00 S
893Rule Morocco 2023 only - Apr 23 2:00 1:00 S
894Rule Morocco 2024 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 S
895Rule Morocco 2025 only - Apr 6 2:00 1:00 S
896Rule Morocco 2026 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
897Rule Morocco 2036 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 -
898Rule Morocco 2037 only - Oct 4 3:00 0 -
899
900# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
901Zone Africa/Casablanca -0:30:20 - LMT 1913 Oct 26
902 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 1984 Mar 16
903 1:00 - CET 1986
904 0:00 Morocco WE%sT
905
906# Western Sahara
907#
908# From Gwillim Law (2013-10-22):
909# A correspondent who is usually well informed about time zone matters
910# ... says that Western Sahara observes daylight saving time, just as
911# Morocco does.
912#
913# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-23):
914# Assume that this has been true since Western Sahara switched to GMT,
915# since most of it was then controlled by Morocco.
916
917Zone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan # El Aai��n
918 -1:00 - WAT 1976 Apr 14
919 0:00 Morocco WE%sT
920
921# Mozambique
922#
923# Shanks gives 1903-03-01 for the transition to CAT.
924# Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree
925# http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
926# merely made it official?
927#
928# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
929Zone Africa/Maputo 2:10:20 - LMT 1903 Mar
930 2:00 - CAT
931Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Blantyre # Malawi
932Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Bujumbura # Burundi
933Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Gaborone # Botswana
934Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Harare # Zimbabwe
935Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Kigali # Rwanda
936Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lubumbashi # E Dem. Rep. of Congo
937Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lusaka # Zambia
938
939# Namibia
940# The 1994-04-03 transition is from Shanks & Pottenger.
941# Shanks & Pottenger report no DST after 1998-04; go with IATA.
942
943# From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30):
944# http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html
945# While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other
946# settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there
947# rises and sets earlier compared to other regions. Chief of
948# Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of
949# the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest
950# of the country.
951#
952# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-31):
953# Apparently the Caprivi Strip informally observes Botswana time, but
954# we have no details. In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone.
955
956# RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
957Rule Namibia 1994 max - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
958Rule Namibia 1995 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
959# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
960Zone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8
961 1:30 - SWAT 1903 Mar # SW Africa Time
962 2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00
963 2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00
964 2:00 - SAST 1990 Mar 21 # independence
965 2:00 - CAT 1994 Apr 3
966 1:00 Namibia WA%sT
967
968# Niger
969# See Africa/Lagos.
970
971# Nigeria
972# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
973Zone Africa/Lagos 0:13:36 - LMT 1919 Sep
974 1:00 - WAT
975Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Bangui # Central African Republic
976Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Brazzaville # Rep. of the Congo
977Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Douala # Cameroon
978Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Kinshasa # Dem. Rep. of the Congo (west)
979Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Libreville # Gabon
980Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Luanda # Angola
981Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Malabo # Equatorial Guinea
982Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Niamey # Niger
983Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Porto-Novo # Benin
984
985# R��union
986# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
987Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis
988 4:00 - RET # R��union Time
989#
990# Crozet Islands also observes R��union time; see the 'antarctica' file.
991#
992# Scattered Islands (��les ��parses) administered from R��union are as follows.
993# The following information about them is taken from
994# ��les ��parses (<http://www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm>, 1997-07-22,
995# in French; no longer available as of 1999-08-17).
996# We have no info about their time zone histories.
997#
998# Bassas da India - uninhabited
999# Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families
1000# Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958
1001# Juan de Nova - uninhabited
1002# Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958
1003
1004# Rwanda
1005# See Africa/Maputo.
1006
1007# St Helena
1008# See Africa/Abidjan.
1009# The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar:
1010# Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA
1011# Ascension: on GMT, say the USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA
1012# Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously):
1013# on GMT, says the CIA
1014# Inaccessible, Nightingale: uninhabited
1015
1016# S��o Tom�� and Pr��ncipe
1017# Senegal
1018# See Africa/Abidjan.
1019
1020# Seychelles
1021# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1022Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1906 Jun # Victoria
1023 4:00 - SCT # Seychelles Time
1024# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30):
1025# Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the
1026# Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory
1027# in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know
1028# whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now.
1029# Possibly the islands were uninhabited.
1030
1031# Sierra Leone
1032# See Africa/Abidjan.
1033
1034# Somalia
1035# See Africa/Nairobi.
1036
1037# South Africa
1038# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1039Rule SA 1942 1943 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 -
1040Rule SA 1943 1944 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
1041# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1042Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8
1043 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar
1044 2:00 SA SAST
1045Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Maseru # Lesotho
1046Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Mbabane # Swaziland
1047#
1048# Marion and Prince Edward Is
1049# scientific station since 1947
1050# no information
1051
1052# Sudan
1053#
1054# From <http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html>
1055# Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13),
1056# also reported by Micha��l De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen:
1057# Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon
1058# Saturday.... This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for
1059# Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin.
1060#
1061# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1062Rule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1063Rule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 -
1064Rule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
1065Rule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
1066# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1067Zone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931
1068 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00
1069 3:00 - EAT
1070
1071# South Sudan
1072Link Africa/Khartoum Africa/Juba
1073
1074# Swaziland
1075# See Africa/Johannesburg.
1076
1077# Tanzania
1078# See Africa/Nairobi.
1079
1080# Togo
1081# See Africa/Abidjan.
1082
1083# Tunisia
1084
1085# From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30):
1086# My correspondent, Risto Nyk��nen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST,
1087# this time in Tunisia. According to Yahoo France News
1088# <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP
1089# and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by
1090# one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1. Henceforth, Tunisian time will be
1091# UTC+2 instead of UTC+1. The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next
1092# Saturday." (My translation)
1093#
1094# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02):
1095# La Presse, the first national daily newspaper ...
1096# http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html
1097# ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30,
1098# 1h standard time.
1099#
1100# From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28):
1101# The daylight saving time will be the same each year:
1102# Beginning : the last Sunday of March at 02:00
1103# Ending : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ...
1104# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50
1105
1106# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16):
1107# According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year.
1108# (Arabic)
1109# http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546
1110# http://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp
1111#
1112# We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia.
1113# We have a wrap-up about this on the following page:
1114# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html
1115
1116# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17):
1117# Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency
1118#
1119# Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn):
1120#
1121# (in English)
1122# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157
1123#
1124# (in Arabic)
1125# http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1
1126
1127# From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-18):
1128# The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is
1129# due to the fact that the fasting month of Ramadan coincides with the period
1130# concerned by summer time. Therefore, the standard time will be kept
1131# unchanged the whole year long." So foregoing DST seems to be an exception
1132# (albeit one that may be repeated in the future).
1133
1134# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-27):
1135# According to some news reports Tunis confirmed not to use DST in 2010
1136#
1137# (translation):
1138# "The Tunisian government has decided to abandon DST, which was scheduled on
1139# Sunday...
1140# Tunisian authorities had suspended the DST for the first time last year also
1141# coincided with the month of Ramadan..."
1142#
1143# (in Arabic)
1144# http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1
1145# http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036
1146# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html
1147
1148# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1149Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
1150Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 -
1151Rule Tunisia 1940 only - Feb 25 23:00s 1:00 S
1152Rule Tunisia 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 -
1153Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 1:00 S
1154Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 -
1155Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S
1156Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 17 2:00 0 -
1157Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 25 2:00 1:00 S
1158Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
1159Rule Tunisia 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S
1160Rule Tunisia 1944 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
1161Rule Tunisia 1945 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
1162Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Apr 30 0:00s 1:00 S
1163Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Sep 24 0:00s 0 -
1164Rule Tunisia 1978 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1165Rule Tunisia 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
1166Rule Tunisia 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1167Rule Tunisia 1988 1990 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
1168Rule Tunisia 1989 only - Mar 26 0:00s 1:00 S
1169Rule Tunisia 1990 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1170Rule Tunisia 2005 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1171Rule Tunisia 2005 only - Sep 30 1:00s 0 -
1172Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
1173Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
1174
1175# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
1176# more precise 0:09:21.
1177# Shanks & Pottenger say the 1911 switch was on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11.
1178# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1179Zone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May 12
1180 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
1181 1:00 Tunisia CE%sT
1182
1183# Uganda
1184# See Africa/Nairobi.
1185
1186# Zambia
1187# Zimbabwe
1188# See Africa/Maputo.