1# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
2# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
3
4# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
5# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
6# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
7# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
8
9# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-20):
10#
11# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
12# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
13# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
14# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
15#
16# Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source
17# for time zone data was the International Air Transport
18# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
19# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
20# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted,
21# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
22#
23# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
24# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
25# I found in the UCLA library.
26#
27# For data circa 1899, a common source is:
28# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
29# https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
30#
31# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
32# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
33#
34# European-style abbreviations are commonly used along the Mediterranean.
35# For sub-Saharan Africa abbreviations were less standardized.
36# Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT
37# for UT +00 through +03, respectively,
38# but in 1997 Mark R V Murray reported that
39# 'SAST' is the official abbreviation for +02 in the country of South Africa,
40# 'CAT' is commonly used for +02 in countries north of South Africa, and
41# 'WAT' is probably the best name for +01, as the common phrase for
42# the area that includes Nigeria is "West Africa".
43#
44# To summarize, the following abbreviations seemed to have some currency:
45# +00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time
46# +02 CAT Central Africa Time
47# +02 SAST South Africa Standard Time
48# and Murray suggested the following abbreviation:
49# +01 WAT West Africa Time
50# Murray's suggestion seems to have caught on in news reports and the like.
51# I vaguely recall 'WAT' also being used for -01 in the past but
52# cannot now come up with solid citations.
53#
54# I invented the following abbreviations; corrections are welcome!
55# +02 WAST West Africa Summer Time
56# +03 CAST Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
57# +03 SAST South Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
58# +03 EAT East Africa Time
59# 'EAT' also seems to have caught on; the others are rare but are paired
60# with better-attested non-DST abbreviations.
61
62# Algeria
63# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
64Rule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S
65Rule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 -
66Rule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S
67Rule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S
68Rule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
69Rule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S
70Rule Algeria 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 -
71Rule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S
72Rule Algeria 1921 only - Jun 21 23:00s 0 -
73Rule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 S
74Rule Algeria 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00 0 -
75Rule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S
76Rule Algeria 1944 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 -
77Rule Algeria 1945 only - Sep 16 1:00 0 -
78Rule Algeria 1971 only - Apr 25 23:00s 1:00 S
79Rule Algeria 1971 only - Sep 26 23:00s 0 -
80Rule Algeria 1977 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S
81Rule Algeria 1977 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 -
82Rule Algeria 1978 only - Mar 24 1:00 1:00 S
83Rule Algeria 1978 only - Sep 22 3:00 0 -
84Rule Algeria 1980 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 S
85Rule Algeria 1980 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 -
86# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
87# more precise 0:09:21.
88# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
89Zone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01
90 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
91 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1940 Feb 25 2:00
92 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1946 Oct 7
93 0:00 - WET 1956 Jan 29
94 1:00 - CET 1963 Apr 14
95 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1977 Oct 21
96 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1979 Oct 26
97 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1981 May
98 1:00 - CET
99
100# Angola
101# Benin
102# See Africa/Lagos.
103
104# Botswana
105# See Africa/Maputo.
106
107# Burkina Faso
108# See Africa/Abidjan.
109
110# Burundi
111# See Africa/Maputo.
112
113# Cameroon
114# See Africa/Lagos.
115
116# Cape Verde / Cabo Verde
117#
118# Shanks gives 1907 for the transition to +02.
119# Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree
120# https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
121# merely made it official?
122#
123# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
124Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1907 # Praia
125 -2:00 - -02 1942 Sep
126 -2:00 1:00 -01 1945 Oct 15
127 -2:00 - -02 1975 Nov 25 2:00
128 -1:00 - -01
129
130# Central African Republic
131# See Africa/Lagos.
132
133# Chad
134# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
135Zone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912 # N'Djamena
136 1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14
137 1:00 1:00 WAST 1980 Mar 8
138 1:00 - WAT
139
140# Comoros
141# See Africa/Nairobi.
142
143# Democratic Republic of the Congo
144# See Africa/Lagos for the western part and Africa/Maputo for the eastern.
145
146# Republic of the Congo
147# See Africa/Lagos.
148
149# C��te d'Ivoire / Ivory Coast
150# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
151Zone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912
152 0:00 - GMT
153Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Bamako # Mali
154Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Banjul # Gambia
155Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Conakry # Guinea
156Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Dakar # Senegal
157Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Freetown # Sierra Leone
158Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Lome # Togo
159Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Nouakchott # Mauritania
160Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Ouagadougou # Burkina Faso
161Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Sao_Tome # S��o Tom�� and Pr��ncipe
162Link Africa/Abidjan Atlantic/St_Helena # St Helena
163
164# Djibouti
165# See Africa/Nairobi.
166
167###############################################################################
168
169# Egypt
170
171# Milne says Cairo used 2:05:08.9, the local mean time of the Abbasizeh
172# observatory; round to nearest. Milne also says that the official time for
173# Egypt was mean noon at the Great Pyramid, 2:04:30.5, but apparently this
174# did not apply to Cairo, Alexandria, or Port Said.
175
176# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
177Rule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S
178Rule Egypt 1940 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
179Rule Egypt 1941 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S
180Rule Egypt 1941 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
181Rule Egypt 1942 1944 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
182Rule Egypt 1942 only - Oct 27 0:00 0 -
183Rule Egypt 1943 1945 - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
184Rule Egypt 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S
185Rule Egypt 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
186Rule Egypt 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
187Rule Egypt 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
188Rule Egypt 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
189Rule Egypt 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
190Rule Egypt 1966 1994 - Oct 1 3:00 0 -
191Rule Egypt 1982 only - Jul 25 1:00 1:00 S
192Rule Egypt 1983 only - Jul 12 1:00 1:00 S
193Rule Egypt 1984 1988 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
194Rule Egypt 1989 only - May 6 1:00 1:00 S
195Rule Egypt 1990 1994 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
196# IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00.
197# Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29.
198
199# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-04-20):
200# "...Egypt's interim cabinet decided on Wednesday to cancel daylight
201# saving time after a poll posted on its website showed the majority of
202# Egyptians would approve the cancellation."
203#
204# Egypt to cancel daylight saving time
205# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168
206# or
207# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html
208Rule Egypt 1995 2010 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S
209Rule Egypt 1995 2005 - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 -
210# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19):
211# The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports:
212# Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday
213# after observing the daylight saving time since May.
214# http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf
215Rule Egypt 2006 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
216# From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14):
217# I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight
218# saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07.
219# From Jesper N��rgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:]
220# http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm
221# https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53
222# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...:
223# http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm
224Rule Egypt 2007 only - Sep Thu>=1 24:00 0 -
225# From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06):
226# Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter
227# than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each
228# year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite
229# hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by
230# shifting business hours one hour out of daytime heat. Consequently,
231# unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008.
232# From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17):
233# For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August.
234
235# From Petr Machata (2009-04-06):
236# The following appeared in Red Hat bugzilla[1] (edited):
237#
238# > $ zdump -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo | grep 2009
239# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 21:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu =
240# Apr 23
241# > 23:59:59 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200
242# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 22:00:00 2009 UTC = Fri =
243# Apr 24
244# > 01:00:00 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800
245# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 20:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu =
246# Aug 27
247# > 23:59:59 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800
248# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 21:00:00 2009 UTC = Thu =
249# Aug 27
250# > 23:00:00 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200
251#
252# > end date should be Thu Sep 24 2009 (Last Thursday in September at 23:59=
253# :59)
254# > http://support.microsoft.com/kb/958729/
255#
256# timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that.
257#
258# [1] https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263
259# [2] https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53
260# [3] https://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/
261
262# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20):
263# In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth
264# Thursday in September; Egypt is expected to revert to the last Thursday
265# in September.
266
267# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11):
268# We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet
269# Information and Decision Support Center:
270# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html
271#
272# The Middle East News Agency
273# https://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx
274# also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21"
275# today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT."
276# Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service,
277# and can be found by searching for "winter" in their search engine
278# (at least today).
279
280# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-07-20):
281# According to News from Egypt - Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has
282# decided that Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during
283# Ramadan.
284#
285# Arabic translation:
286# "Clocks to go back during Ramadan - and then forward again"
287# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again
288# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html
289
290# From Ahmad El-Dardiry (2014-05-07):
291# Egypt is to change back to Daylight system on May 15
292# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/100735/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-government-to-reapply-daylight-saving-time-.aspx
293
294# From Gunther Vermier (2014-05-13):
295# our Egypt office confirms that the change will be at 15 May "midnight" (24:00)
296
297# From Imed Chihi (2014-06-04):
298# We have finally "located" a precise official reference about the DST changes
299# in Egypt. The Ministers Cabinet decision is explained at
300# http://www.cabinet.gov.eg/Media/CabinetMeetingsDetails.aspx?id=347 ...
301# [T]his (Arabic) site is not accessible outside Egypt, but the page ...
302# translates into: "With regard to daylight saving time, it is scheduled to
303# take effect at exactly twelve o'clock this evening, Thursday, 15 MAY 2014,
304# to be suspended by twelve o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 26 JUN 2014,
305# and re-established again at the end of the month of Ramadan, at twelve
306# o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 31 JUL 2014." This statement has been
307# reproduced by other (more accessible) sites[, e.g.,]...
308# http://elgornal.net/news/news.aspx?id=4699258
309
310# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-04):
311# Sarah El Deeb and Lee Keath of AP report that the Egyptian government says
312# the change is because of blackouts in Cairo, even though Ahram Online (cited
313# above) says DST had no affect on electricity consumption. There is
314# no information about when DST will end this fall. See:
315# http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/el-sissi-pushes-egyptians-line-23614833
316
317# From Steffen Thorsen (2015-04-08):
318# Egypt will start DST on midnight after Thursday, April 30, 2015.
319# This is based on a law (no 35) from May 15, 2014 saying it starts the last
320# Thursday of April.... Clocks will still be turned back for Ramadan, but
321# dates not yet announced....
322# http://almogaz.com/news/weird-news/2015/04/05/1947105 ...
323# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-starts-dst-2015.html
324
325# From Ahmed Nazmy (2015-04-20):
326# Egypt's ministers cabinet just announced ... that it will cancel DST at
327# least for 2015.
328#
329# From Tim Parenti (2015-04-20):
330# http://english.ahram.org.eg/WriterArticles/NewsContentP/1/128195/Egypt/No-daylight-saving-this-summer-Egypts-prime-minist.aspx
331# "Egypt's cabinet agreed on Monday not to switch clocks for daylight saving
332# time this summer, and carry out studies on the possibility of canceling the
333# practice altogether in future years."
334#
335# From Paul Eggert (2015-04-24):
336# Yesterday the office of Egyptian President El-Sisi announced his
337# decision to abandon DST permanently. See Ahram Online 2015-04-24.
338# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/128509/Egypt/Politics-/Sisi-cancels-daylight-saving-time-in-Egypt.aspx
339
340# From Steffen Thorsen (2016-04-29):
341# Egypt will have DST from July 7 until the end of October....
342# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContentP/1/204655/Egypt/Daylight-savings-time-returning-to-Egypt-on--July.aspx
343# From Mina Samuel (2016-07-04):
344# Egyptian government took the decision to cancel the DST,
345
346Rule Egypt 2008 only - Aug lastThu 24:00 0 -
347Rule Egypt 2009 only - Aug 20 24:00 0 -
348Rule Egypt 2010 only - Aug 10 24:00 0 -
349Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep 9 24:00 1:00 S
350Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 -
351Rule Egypt 2014 only - May 15 24:00 1:00 S
352Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jun 26 24:00 0 -
353Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jul 31 24:00 1:00 S
354Rule Egypt 2014 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 -
355
356# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
357Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:09 - LMT 1900 Oct
358 2:00 Egypt EE%sT
359
360# Equatorial Guinea
361# See Africa/Lagos.
362
363# Eritrea
364# Ethiopia
365# See Africa/Nairobi.
366
367# Gabon
368# See Africa/Lagos.
369
370# Gambia
371# See Africa/Abidjan.
372
373# Ghana
374# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
375# Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to "the present";
376# Shanks & Pottenger say 1936 to 1942;
377# and September 1 to January 1 is given by:
378# Scott Keltie J, Epstein M (eds), The Statesman's Year-Book,
379# 57th ed. Macmillan, London (1920), OCLC 609408015, pp xxviii.
380# For lack of better info, assume DST was observed from 1920 to 1942.
381Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Sep 1 0:00 0:20 GHST
382Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Dec 31 0:00 0 GMT
383# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
384Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1918
385 0:00 Ghana GMT/+0020
386
387# Guinea
388# See Africa/Abidjan.
389
390# Guinea-Bissau
391#
392# Shanks gives 1911-05-26 for the transition to WAT,
393# evidently confusing the date of the Portuguese decree
394# https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
395# with the date that it took effect, namely 1912-01-01.
396#
397# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
398Zone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1
399 -1:00 - -01 1975
400 0:00 - GMT
401
402# Kenya
403# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
404Zone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1928 Jul
405 3:00 - EAT 1930
406 2:30 - +0230 1940
407 2:45 - +0245 1960
408 3:00 - EAT
409Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Addis_Ababa # Ethiopia
410Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Asmara # Eritrea
411Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Dar_es_Salaam # Tanzania
412Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Djibouti
413Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Kampala # Uganda
414Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Mogadishu # Somalia
415Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Antananarivo # Madagascar
416Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Comoro
417Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Mayotte
418
419# Lesotho
420# See Africa/Johannesburg.
421
422# Liberia
423#
424# From Paul Eggert (2017-03-02):
425#
426# The Nautical Almanac for the Year 1970, p 264, is the source for -0:44:30.
427#
428# In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch from a UTC offset
429# that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes. The 1972 change was on
430# 1972-01-07, according to an entry dated 1972-01-04 on p 330 of:
431# Presidential Papers: First year of the administration of
432# President William R. Tolbert, Jr., July 23, 1971-July 31, 1972.
433# Monrovia: Executive Mansion.
434#
435# Use the abbreviation "MMT" before 1972, as the more-accurate numeric
436# abbreviation "-004430" would be one byte over the POSIX limit.
437#
438# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
439Zone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882
440 -0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time
441 -0:44:30 - MMT 1972 Jan 7 # approximately MMT
442 0:00 - GMT
443
444###############################################################################
445
446# Libya
447
448# From Even Scharning (2012-11-10):
449# Libya set their time one hour back at 02:00 on Saturday November 10.
450# https://www.libyaherald.com/2012/11/04/clocks-to-go-back-an-hour-on-saturday/
451# Here is an official source [in Arabic]: http://ls.ly/fb6Yc
452#
453# Steffen Thorsen forwarded a translation (2012-11-10) in
454# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2012-November/018451.html
455#
456# From Tim Parenti (2012-11-11):
457# Treat the 2012-11-10 change as a zone change from UTC+2 to UTC+1.
458# The DST rules planned for 2013 and onward roughly mirror those of Europe
459# (either two days before them or five days after them, so as to fall on
460# lastFri instead of lastSun).
461
462# From Even Scharning (2013-10-25):
463# The scheduled end of DST in Libya on Friday, October 25, 2013 was
464# cancelled yesterday....
465# https://www.libyaherald.com/2013/10/24/correction-no-time-change-tomorrow/
466#
467# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-25):
468# For now, assume they're reverting to the pre-2012 rules of permanent UT +02.
469
470# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
471Rule Libya 1951 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 S
472Rule Libya 1952 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
473Rule Libya 1953 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 S
474Rule Libya 1954 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
475Rule Libya 1955 only - Sep 30 0:00 1:00 S
476Rule Libya 1956 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
477Rule Libya 1982 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
478Rule Libya 1982 1985 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
479Rule Libya 1985 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S
480Rule Libya 1986 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S
481Rule Libya 1986 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
482Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
483Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
484Rule Libya 1997 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S
485Rule Libya 1997 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
486Rule Libya 2013 only - Mar lastFri 1:00 1:00 S
487Rule Libya 2013 only - Oct lastFri 2:00 0 -
488# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
489Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920
490 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959
491 2:00 - EET 1982
492 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1990 May 4
493# The 1996 and 1997 entries are from Shanks & Pottenger;
494# the IATA SSIM data entries contain some obvious errors.
495 2:00 - EET 1996 Sep 30
496 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1997 Oct 4
497 2:00 - EET 2012 Nov 10 2:00
498 1:00 Libya CE%sT 2013 Oct 25 2:00
499 2:00 - EET
500
501# Madagascar
502# See Africa/Nairobi.
503
504# Malawi
505# See Africa/Maputo.
506
507# Mali
508# Mauritania
509# See Africa/Abidjan.
510
511# Mauritius
512
513# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25):
514# Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial
515# basis....
516# It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to
517# 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful....
518# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html
519
520# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25):
521# http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD
522
523# From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30):
524# The www.timeanddate.com article cited by Steffen Thorsen notes that "A
525# final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving
526# would begin and end on these dates." As a place holder, use midnight.
527
528# From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30):
529# Follow Thorsen on DST in 1982/1983, instead of Shanks & Pottenger.
530
531# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10):
532# According to
533# http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216
534# (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier
535# than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31). The new start
536# date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time
537# given, but it is probably at either 2 or 3 wall clock time).
538#
539# A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date
540# to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date,
541# but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in
542# USA/Canada last year (DST ends first Sunday in November). I also wonder
543# why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which
544# changes two days later.
545
546# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11):
547# Seems that English language article "The revival of daylight saving
548# time: Energy conservation?"- No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally
549# published on Monday, June 30, 2008...
550#
551# I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction
552# de l'heure d'��t��" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26
553# and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one....
554# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html
555
556# From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03):
557# The Government of Mauritius weblink
558# http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD
559# Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows:
560#
561# 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly
562# of the Time Bill which provides for the introduction of summer time in
563# Mauritius. The summer time period which will be of one hour ahead of
564# the standard time, will be aligned with that in Europe and the United
565# States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the
566# last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on
567# the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the
568# year 2008-2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008
569# and end on 29 March 2009.
570
571# From Ed Maste (2008-10-07):
572# THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the
573# beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the
574# morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March.
575# http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf
576
577# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05):
578# According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe
579# DST the coming summer...
580#
581# Some sources, in French:
582# http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB
583# http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints-
584#
585# Our wrap-up:
586# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html
587
588# From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11):
589# The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this:
590# "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour
591# at 2am (or 02:00) local time..."
592
593# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
594Rule Mauritius 1982 only - Oct 10 0:00 1:00 S
595Rule Mauritius 1983 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 -
596Rule Mauritius 2008 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
597Rule Mauritius 2009 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
598# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
599Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis
600 4:00 Mauritius +04/+05
601# Agalega Is, Rodriguez
602# no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius
603
604# Mayotte
605# See Africa/Nairobi.
606
607# Morocco
608# See the 'europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta).
609
610# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
611# Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between
612# 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008.
613#
614# "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will
615# be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to
616# Communication Minister and Government Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...."
617#
618# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html
619# http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html
620
621# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
622# The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe
623# Presse:
624# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view
625#
626# Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt.
627# spokesman.
628
629# From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09):
630# According to this article:
631# https://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html
632# (and republished here: <http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html>)
633# the changes occur at midnight:
634#
635# Saturday night May 31st at midnight (which in French is to be
636# interpreted as the night between Saturday and Sunday)
637# Sunday night the 28th at midnight
638#
639# Seeing that the 28th is Monday, I am guessing that she intends to say
640# the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between Sunday and
641# Monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive
642# June 1st to Sept 27th.
643#
644# The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree
645# published on the web.
646#
647# It's also confirmed here:
648# http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm
649# on a government portal as being between June 1st and Sept 27th (not yet
650# posted in English).
651#
652# The following Google query will generate many relevant hits:
653# https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search
654
655# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27):
656# Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31
657# and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end
658# of September:
659#
660# One article about it (in French):
661# http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default
662#
663# We have some further details posted here:
664# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html
665
666# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17):
667# Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according
668# to many sources, such as
669# http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html
670# http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312
671# (French)
672#
673# Our summary:
674# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html
675
676# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17):
677# Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre,
678# Minist��re de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics
679#
680# Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 June 1967)
681# concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of
682# Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be
683# advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight.
684#
685# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf
686# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html
687
688# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-04-13):
689# Several news media in Morocco report that the Ministry of Modernization
690# of Public Sectors has announced that Morocco will have DST from
691# 2010-05-02 to 2010-08-08.
692#
693# Example:
694# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html
695# (French)
696# Our page:
697# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html
698
699# From Dan Abitol (2011-03-30):
700# ...Rules for Africa/Casablanca are the following (24h format)
701# The 3rd April 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd April 01:00:00
702# The 31st July 2011 at 00:59:59, [it] will be 31st July 00:00:00
703# ...Official links of change in morocco
704# The change was broadcast on the FM Radio
705# I ve called ANRT (telecom regulations in Morocco) at
706# +212.537.71.84.00
707# http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/
708# They said that
709# http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view
710# is the official publication to look at.
711# They said that the decision was already taken.
712#
713# More articles in the press
714# https://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-leve.html
715# http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923
716# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim
717
718# From Petr Machata (2011-03-30):
719# They have it written in English here:
720# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view
721#
722# It says there that "Morocco will resume its standard time on July 31,
723# 2011 at midnight." Now they don't say whether they mean midnight of
724# wall clock time (i.e. 11pm UTC), but that's what I would assume. It has
725# also been like that in the past.
726
727# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-03-09):
728# According to Infom��diaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma),
729# on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure l��gale:
730# Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d'��t��
731# http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-l%C3%A9gale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-d%C3%A9t%C3%A9
732# Governing Council adopted draft decree, that Morocco DST starts on
733# the last Sunday of March (March 25, 2012) and ends on
734# last Sunday of September (September 30, 2012)
735# except the month of Ramadan.
736# or (brief)
737# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html
738
739# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-10):
740# The infomediaire.ma source indicates that the system is to be in
741# effect every year. It gives 03H00 as the "fall back" time of day;
742# it lacks a "spring forward" time of day; assume 2:00 XXX.
743# Wait on specifying the Ramadan exception for details about
744# start date, start time of day, end date, and end time of day XXX.
745
746# From Christophe Tropamer (2012-03-16):
747# Seen Morocco change again:
748# http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php
749# "...�� partir du dernier dimanche d'avril et non fins mars,
750# comme annonc�� pr��c��demment."
751
752# From Milamber Space Network (2012-07-17):
753# The official return to GMT is announced by the Moroccan government:
754# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 [in French]
755#
756# Google translation, lightly edited:
757# Back to the standard time of the Kingdom (GMT)
758# Pursuant to Decree No. 2-12-126 issued on 26 Jumada (I) 1433 (April 18,
759# 2012) and in accordance with the order of Mr. President of the
760# Government No. 3-47-12 issued on 24 Sha'ban (11 July 2012), the Ministry
761# of Public Service and Administration Modernization announces the return
762# of the legal time of the Kingdom (GMT) from Friday, July 20, 2012 until
763# Monday, August 20, 2012. So the time will be delayed by 60 minutes from
764# 3:00 am Friday, July 20, 2012 and will again be advanced by 60 minutes
765# August 20, 2012 from 2:00 am.
766
767# From Paul Eggert (2013-03-06):
768# Morocco's daylight-saving transitions due to Ramadan seem to be
769# announced a bit in advance. On 2012-07-11 the Moroccan government
770# announced that year's Ramadan daylight-saving transitions would be
771# 2012-07-20 and 2012-08-20; see
772# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288
773
774# From Andrew Paprocki (2013-07-02):
775# Morocco announced that the year's Ramadan daylight-savings
776# transitions would be 2013-07-07 and 2013-08-10; see:
777# http://www.maroc.ma/en/news/morocco-suspends-daylight-saving-time-july-7-aug10
778
779# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-28):
780# Morocco extends DST by one month, on very short notice, just 1 day
781# before it was going to end. There is a new decree (2.13.781) for
782# this, where DST from now on goes from last Sunday of March at 02:00
783# to last Sunday of October at 03:00, similar to EU rules. Official
784# source (French):
785# http://www.maroc.gov.ma/fr/actualites/lhoraire-dete-gmt1-maintenu-jusquau-27-octobre-2013
786# Another source (specifying the time for start and end in the decree):
787# http://www.lemag.ma/Heure-d-ete-au-Maroc-jusqu-au-27-octobre_a75620.html
788
789# From Sebastien Willemijns (2014-03-18):
790# http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2014/3/18/maroc-heure-dete-avancez-tous-horloges-247891.asp
791
792# From Milamber Space Network (2014-06-05):
793# The Moroccan government has recently announced that the country will return
794# to standard time at 03:00 on Saturday, June 28, 2014 local time.... DST
795# will resume again at 02:00 on Saturday, August 2, 2014....
796# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=586
797
798# From Milamber (2015-06-08):
799# (Google Translation) The hour will thus be delayed 60 minutes
800# Sunday, June 14 at 3:00, the ministry said in a statement, adding
801# that the time will be advanced again 60 minutes Sunday, July 19,
802# 2015 at 2:00. The move comes under 2.12.126 Decree of 26 Jumada I
803# 1433 (18 April 2012) and the decision of the Head of Government of
804# 16 N. 3-29-15 Chaaban 1435 (4 June 2015).
805# Source (french):
806# https://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/
807#
808# From Milamber (2015-06-09):
809# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=863
810#
811# From Michael Deckers (2015-06-09):
812# [The gov.ma announcement] would (probably) make the switch on 2015-07-19 go
813# from 03:00 to 04:00 rather than from 02:00 to 03:00, as in the patch....
814# I think the patch is correct and the quoted text is wrong; the text in
815# <https://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/> agrees
816# with the patch.
817
818# From Paul Eggert (2015-06-08):
819# For now, guess that later spring and fall transitions will use 2015's rules,
820# and guess that Morocco will switch to standard time at 03:00 the last
821# Sunday before Ramadan, and back to DST at 02:00 the first Sunday after
822# Ramadan. To implement this, transition dates for 2016 through 2037 were
823# determined by running the following program under GNU Emacs 24.3, with the
824# results integrated by hand into the table below.
825# (let ((islamic-year 1437))
826# (require 'cal-islam)
827# (while (< islamic-year 1460)
828# (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year)))
829# (b (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year)))
830# (sunday 0))
831# (while (/= sunday (mod (setq a (1- a)) 7)))
832# (while (/= sunday (mod b 7))
833# (setq b (1+ b)))
834# (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a))
835# (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b))
836# (insert
837# (format
838# (concat "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 3:00\t0\t-\n"
839# "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 2:00\t1:00\tS\n")
840# (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a))
841# (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b)))))
842# (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year))))
843
844# RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
845
846Rule Morocco 1939 only - Sep 12 0:00 1:00 S
847Rule Morocco 1939 only - Nov 19 0:00 0 -
848Rule Morocco 1940 only - Feb 25 0:00 1:00 S
849Rule Morocco 1945 only - Nov 18 0:00 0 -
850Rule Morocco 1950 only - Jun 11 0:00 1:00 S
851Rule Morocco 1950 only - Oct 29 0:00 0 -
852Rule Morocco 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S
853Rule Morocco 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
854Rule Morocco 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S
855Rule Morocco 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
856Rule Morocco 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
857Rule Morocco 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 -
858Rule Morocco 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
859Rule Morocco 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
860Rule Morocco 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 -
861Rule Morocco 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
862Rule Morocco 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
863Rule Morocco 2009 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
864Rule Morocco 2009 only - Aug 21 0:00 0 -
865Rule Morocco 2010 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S
866Rule Morocco 2010 only - Aug 8 0:00 0 -
867Rule Morocco 2011 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
868Rule Morocco 2011 only - Jul 31 0:00 0 -
869Rule Morocco 2012 2013 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
870Rule Morocco 2012 only - Jul 20 3:00 0 -
871Rule Morocco 2012 only - Aug 20 2:00 1:00 S
872Rule Morocco 2012 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
873Rule Morocco 2013 only - Jul 7 3:00 0 -
874Rule Morocco 2013 only - Aug 10 2:00 1:00 S
875Rule Morocco 2013 max - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 -
876Rule Morocco 2014 2021 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
877Rule Morocco 2014 only - Jun 28 3:00 0 -
878Rule Morocco 2014 only - Aug 2 2:00 1:00 S
879Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jun 14 3:00 0 -
880Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jul 19 2:00 1:00 S
881Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jun 5 3:00 0 -
882Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jul 10 2:00 1:00 S
883Rule Morocco 2017 only - May 21 3:00 0 -
884Rule Morocco 2017 only - Jul 2 2:00 1:00 S
885Rule Morocco 2018 only - May 13 3:00 0 -
886Rule Morocco 2018 only - Jun 17 2:00 1:00 S
887Rule Morocco 2019 only - May 5 3:00 0 -
888Rule Morocco 2019 only - Jun 9 2:00 1:00 S
889Rule Morocco 2020 only - Apr 19 3:00 0 -
890Rule Morocco 2020 only - May 24 2:00 1:00 S
891Rule Morocco 2021 only - Apr 11 3:00 0 -
892Rule Morocco 2021 only - May 16 2:00 1:00 S
893Rule Morocco 2022 only - May 8 2:00 1:00 S
894Rule Morocco 2023 only - Apr 23 2:00 1:00 S
895Rule Morocco 2024 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 S
896Rule Morocco 2025 only - Apr 6 2:00 1:00 S
897Rule Morocco 2026 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
898Rule Morocco 2036 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 -
899Rule Morocco 2037 only - Oct 4 3:00 0 -
900
901# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
902Zone Africa/Casablanca -0:30:20 - LMT 1913 Oct 26
903 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 1984 Mar 16
904 1:00 - CET 1986
905 0:00 Morocco WE%sT
906
907# Western Sahara
908#
909# From Gwillim Law (2013-10-22):
910# A correspondent who is usually well informed about time zone matters
911# ... says that Western Sahara observes daylight saving time, just as
912# Morocco does.
913#
914# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-23):
915# Assume that this has been true since Western Sahara switched to GMT,
916# since most of it was then controlled by Morocco.
917
918Zone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan # El Aai��n
919 -1:00 - -01 1976 Apr 14
920 0:00 Morocco WE%sT
921
922# Mozambique
923#
924# Shanks gives 1903-03-01 for the transition to CAT.
925# Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree
926# https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
927# merely made it official?
928#
929# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
930Zone Africa/Maputo 2:10:20 - LMT 1903 Mar
931 2:00 - CAT
932Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Blantyre # Malawi
933Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Bujumbura # Burundi
934Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Gaborone # Botswana
935Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Harare # Zimbabwe
936Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Kigali # Rwanda
937Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lubumbashi # E Dem. Rep. of Congo
938Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lusaka # Zambia
939
940
941# Namibia
942
943# From Arthur David Olson (2017-08-09):
944# The text of the "Namibia Time Act, 1994" is available online at
945# www.lac.org.na/laws/1994/811.pdf
946# and includes this nugget:
947# Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (2) of section 1, the
948# first winter period after the commencement of this Act shall
949# commence at OOhOO on Monday 21 March 1994 and shall end at 02h00 on
950# Sunday 4 September 1994.
951
952# From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30):
953# http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html
954# While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other
955# settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there
956# rises and sets earlier compared to other regions. Chief of
957# Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of
958# the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest
959# of the country.
960#
961# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-22):
962# Although the Zambezi Region (formerly known as Caprivi) informally
963# observes Botswana time, we have no details about historical practice.
964# In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone.
965# See: Immanuel S. The Namibian. 2017-02-23.
966# https://www.namibian.com.na/51480/read/Time-change-divides-lawmakers
967
968# From Steffen Thorsen (2017-08-09):
969# Namibia is going to change their time zone to what is now their DST:
970# https://www.newera.com.na/2017/02/23/namibias-winter-time-might-be-repealed/
971# This video is from the government decision:
972# https://www.nbc.na/news/na-passes-namibia-time-bill-repealing-1994-namibia-time-act.8665
973# We have made the assumption so far that they will change their time zone at
974# the same time they would normally start DST, the first Sunday in September:
975# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/namibia-new-time-zone.html
976
977# RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
978Rule Namibia 1994 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 -
979Rule Namibia 1994 2016 - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
980Rule Namibia 1995 2017 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
981# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
982Zone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8
983 1:30 - +0130 1903 Mar
984 2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00
985 2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00
986 2:00 - SAST 1990 Mar 21 # independence
987 2:00 - CAT 1994 Mar 21 0:00
988 1:00 Namibia WA%sT 2017 Sep 3 2:00
989 2:00 - CAT
990
991# Niger
992# See Africa/Lagos.
993
994# Nigeria
995# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
996Zone Africa/Lagos 0:13:36 - LMT 1919 Sep
997 1:00 - WAT
998Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Bangui # Central African Republic
999Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Brazzaville # Rep. of the Congo
1000Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Douala # Cameroon
1001Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Kinshasa # Dem. Rep. of the Congo (west)
1002Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Libreville # Gabon
1003Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Luanda # Angola
1004Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Malabo # Equatorial Guinea
1005Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Niamey # Niger
1006Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Porto-Novo # Benin
1007
1008# R��union
1009# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1010Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis
1011 4:00 - +04
1012#
1013# Crozet Islands also observes R��union time; see the 'antarctica' file.
1014#
1015# Scattered Islands (��les ��parses) administered from R��union are as follows.
1016# The following information about them is taken from
1017# ��les ��parses (<http://www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm>, 1997-07-22,
1018# in French; no longer available as of 1999-08-17).
1019# We have no info about their time zone histories.
1020#
1021# Bassas da India - uninhabited
1022# Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families
1023# Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958
1024# Juan de Nova - uninhabited
1025# Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958
1026
1027# Rwanda
1028# See Africa/Maputo.
1029
1030# St Helena
1031# See Africa/Abidjan.
1032# The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar:
1033# Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA
1034# Ascension: on GMT, say the USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA
1035# Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously):
1036# on GMT, says the CIA
1037# Inaccessible, Nightingale: uninhabited
1038
1039# S��o Tom�� and Pr��ncipe
1040# Senegal
1041# See Africa/Abidjan.
1042
1043# Seychelles
1044# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1045Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1906 Jun # Victoria
1046 4:00 - +04
1047# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30):
1048# Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the
1049# Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory
1050# in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know
1051# whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now.
1052# Possibly the islands were uninhabited.
1053
1054# Sierra Leone
1055# See Africa/Abidjan.
1056
1057# Somalia
1058# See Africa/Nairobi.
1059
1060# South Africa
1061# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1062Rule SA 1942 1943 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 -
1063Rule SA 1943 1944 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
1064# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1065Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8
1066 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar
1067 2:00 SA SAST
1068Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Maseru # Lesotho
1069Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Mbabane # Swaziland
1070#
1071# Marion and Prince Edward Is
1072# scientific station since 1947
1073# no information
1074
1075# Sudan
1076
1077# From <http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html>
1078# Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13),
1079# also reported by Micha��l De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen:
1080# Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon
1081# Saturday.... This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for
1082# Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin.
1083
1084# From Ahmed Atyya, National Telecommunications Corp. (NTC), Sudan (2017-10-17):
1085# ... the Republic of Sudan is going to change the time zone from (GMT+3:00)
1086# to (GMT+ 2:00) starting from Wednesday 1 November 2017.
1087#
1088# From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18):
1089# A scanned copy (in Arabic) of Cabinet Resolution No. 352 for the
1090# year 2017 can be found as an attachment in email today from Yahia
1091# Abdalla of NTC, archived at:
1092# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2017-October/025333.html
1093
1094# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1095Rule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1096Rule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 -
1097Rule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
1098Rule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
1099# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1100Zone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931
1101 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00
1102 3:00 - EAT 2017 Nov 1
1103 2:00 - CAT
1104
1105# South Sudan
1106# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1107Zone Africa/Juba 2:06:28 - LMT 1931
1108 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00
1109 3:00 - EAT
1110
1111# Swaziland
1112# See Africa/Johannesburg.
1113
1114# Tanzania
1115# See Africa/Nairobi.
1116
1117# Togo
1118# See Africa/Abidjan.
1119
1120# Tunisia
1121
1122# From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30):
1123# My correspondent, Risto Nyk��nen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST,
1124# this time in Tunisia. According to Yahoo France News
1125# <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP
1126# and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by
1127# one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1. Henceforth, Tunisian time will be
1128# UTC+2 instead of UTC+1. The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next
1129# Saturday." (My translation)
1130#
1131# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02):
1132# La Presse, the first national daily newspaper ...
1133# http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html
1134# ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30,
1135# 1h standard time.
1136#
1137# From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28):
1138# The daylight saving time will be the same each year:
1139# Beginning : the last Sunday of March at 02:00
1140# Ending : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ...
1141# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50
1142
1143# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16):
1144# According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year.
1145# (Arabic)
1146# http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546
1147# https://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp
1148#
1149# We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia.
1150# We have a wrap-up about this on the following page:
1151# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html
1152
1153# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17):
1154# Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency
1155#
1156# Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn):
1157#
1158# (in English)
1159# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157
1160#
1161# (in Arabic)
1162# http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1
1163
1164# From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-18):
1165# The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is
1166# due to the fact that the fasting month of Ramadan coincides with the period
1167# concerned by summer time. Therefore, the standard time will be kept
1168# unchanged the whole year long." So foregoing DST seems to be an exception
1169# (albeit one that may be repeated in the future).
1170
1171# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-27):
1172# According to some news reports Tunis confirmed not to use DST in 2010
1173#
1174# (translation):
1175# "The Tunisian government has decided to abandon DST, which was scheduled on
1176# Sunday...
1177# Tunisian authorities had suspended the DST for the first time last year also
1178# coincided with the month of Ramadan..."
1179#
1180# (in Arabic)
1181# http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1
1182# http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036
1183# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html
1184
1185# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1186Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
1187Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 -
1188Rule Tunisia 1940 only - Feb 25 23:00s 1:00 S
1189Rule Tunisia 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 -
1190Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 1:00 S
1191Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 -
1192Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S
1193Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 17 2:00 0 -
1194Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 25 2:00 1:00 S
1195Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
1196Rule Tunisia 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S
1197Rule Tunisia 1944 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
1198Rule Tunisia 1945 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
1199Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Apr 30 0:00s 1:00 S
1200Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Sep 24 0:00s 0 -
1201Rule Tunisia 1978 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1202Rule Tunisia 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
1203Rule Tunisia 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1204Rule Tunisia 1988 1990 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
1205Rule Tunisia 1989 only - Mar 26 0:00s 1:00 S
1206Rule Tunisia 1990 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1207Rule Tunisia 2005 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1208Rule Tunisia 2005 only - Sep 30 1:00s 0 -
1209Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
1210Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
1211
1212# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
1213# more precise 0:09:21.
1214# Shanks & Pottenger say the 1911 switch was on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11.
1215# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1216Zone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May 12
1217 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
1218 1:00 Tunisia CE%sT
1219
1220# Uganda
1221# See Africa/Nairobi.
1222
1223# Zambia
1224# Zimbabwe
1225# See Africa/Maputo.
2# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
3
4# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
5# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
6# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
7# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
8
9# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-20):
10#
11# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
12# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
13# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
14# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
15#
16# Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source
17# for time zone data was the International Air Transport
18# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
19# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
20# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted,
21# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
22#
23# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
24# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
25# I found in the UCLA library.
26#
27# For data circa 1899, a common source is:
28# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
29# https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
30#
31# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
32# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
33#
34# European-style abbreviations are commonly used along the Mediterranean.
35# For sub-Saharan Africa abbreviations were less standardized.
36# Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT
37# for UT +00 through +03, respectively,
38# but in 1997 Mark R V Murray reported that
39# 'SAST' is the official abbreviation for +02 in the country of South Africa,
40# 'CAT' is commonly used for +02 in countries north of South Africa, and
41# 'WAT' is probably the best name for +01, as the common phrase for
42# the area that includes Nigeria is "West Africa".
43#
44# To summarize, the following abbreviations seemed to have some currency:
45# +00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time
46# +02 CAT Central Africa Time
47# +02 SAST South Africa Standard Time
48# and Murray suggested the following abbreviation:
49# +01 WAT West Africa Time
50# Murray's suggestion seems to have caught on in news reports and the like.
51# I vaguely recall 'WAT' also being used for -01 in the past but
52# cannot now come up with solid citations.
53#
54# I invented the following abbreviations; corrections are welcome!
55# +02 WAST West Africa Summer Time
56# +03 CAST Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
57# +03 SAST South Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
58# +03 EAT East Africa Time
59# 'EAT' also seems to have caught on; the others are rare but are paired
60# with better-attested non-DST abbreviations.
61
62# Algeria
63# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
64Rule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S
65Rule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 -
66Rule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S
67Rule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S
68Rule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
69Rule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S
70Rule Algeria 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 -
71Rule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S
72Rule Algeria 1921 only - Jun 21 23:00s 0 -
73Rule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 S
74Rule Algeria 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00 0 -
75Rule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S
76Rule Algeria 1944 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 -
77Rule Algeria 1945 only - Sep 16 1:00 0 -
78Rule Algeria 1971 only - Apr 25 23:00s 1:00 S
79Rule Algeria 1971 only - Sep 26 23:00s 0 -
80Rule Algeria 1977 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S
81Rule Algeria 1977 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 -
82Rule Algeria 1978 only - Mar 24 1:00 1:00 S
83Rule Algeria 1978 only - Sep 22 3:00 0 -
84Rule Algeria 1980 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 S
85Rule Algeria 1980 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 -
86# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
87# more precise 0:09:21.
88# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
89Zone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01
90 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
91 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1940 Feb 25 2:00
92 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1946 Oct 7
93 0:00 - WET 1956 Jan 29
94 1:00 - CET 1963 Apr 14
95 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1977 Oct 21
96 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1979 Oct 26
97 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1981 May
98 1:00 - CET
99
100# Angola
101# Benin
102# See Africa/Lagos.
103
104# Botswana
105# See Africa/Maputo.
106
107# Burkina Faso
108# See Africa/Abidjan.
109
110# Burundi
111# See Africa/Maputo.
112
113# Cameroon
114# See Africa/Lagos.
115
116# Cape Verde / Cabo Verde
117#
118# Shanks gives 1907 for the transition to +02.
119# Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree
120# https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
121# merely made it official?
122#
123# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
124Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1907 # Praia
125 -2:00 - -02 1942 Sep
126 -2:00 1:00 -01 1945 Oct 15
127 -2:00 - -02 1975 Nov 25 2:00
128 -1:00 - -01
129
130# Central African Republic
131# See Africa/Lagos.
132
133# Chad
134# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
135Zone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912 # N'Djamena
136 1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14
137 1:00 1:00 WAST 1980 Mar 8
138 1:00 - WAT
139
140# Comoros
141# See Africa/Nairobi.
142
143# Democratic Republic of the Congo
144# See Africa/Lagos for the western part and Africa/Maputo for the eastern.
145
146# Republic of the Congo
147# See Africa/Lagos.
148
149# C��te d'Ivoire / Ivory Coast
150# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
151Zone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912
152 0:00 - GMT
153Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Bamako # Mali
154Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Banjul # Gambia
155Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Conakry # Guinea
156Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Dakar # Senegal
157Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Freetown # Sierra Leone
158Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Lome # Togo
159Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Nouakchott # Mauritania
160Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Ouagadougou # Burkina Faso
161Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Sao_Tome # S��o Tom�� and Pr��ncipe
162Link Africa/Abidjan Atlantic/St_Helena # St Helena
163
164# Djibouti
165# See Africa/Nairobi.
166
167###############################################################################
168
169# Egypt
170
171# Milne says Cairo used 2:05:08.9, the local mean time of the Abbasizeh
172# observatory; round to nearest. Milne also says that the official time for
173# Egypt was mean noon at the Great Pyramid, 2:04:30.5, but apparently this
174# did not apply to Cairo, Alexandria, or Port Said.
175
176# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
177Rule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S
178Rule Egypt 1940 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
179Rule Egypt 1941 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S
180Rule Egypt 1941 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
181Rule Egypt 1942 1944 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
182Rule Egypt 1942 only - Oct 27 0:00 0 -
183Rule Egypt 1943 1945 - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
184Rule Egypt 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S
185Rule Egypt 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
186Rule Egypt 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
187Rule Egypt 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
188Rule Egypt 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
189Rule Egypt 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
190Rule Egypt 1966 1994 - Oct 1 3:00 0 -
191Rule Egypt 1982 only - Jul 25 1:00 1:00 S
192Rule Egypt 1983 only - Jul 12 1:00 1:00 S
193Rule Egypt 1984 1988 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
194Rule Egypt 1989 only - May 6 1:00 1:00 S
195Rule Egypt 1990 1994 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S
196# IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00.
197# Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29.
198
199# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-04-20):
200# "...Egypt's interim cabinet decided on Wednesday to cancel daylight
201# saving time after a poll posted on its website showed the majority of
202# Egyptians would approve the cancellation."
203#
204# Egypt to cancel daylight saving time
205# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168
206# or
207# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html
208Rule Egypt 1995 2010 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S
209Rule Egypt 1995 2005 - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 -
210# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19):
211# The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports:
212# Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday
213# after observing the daylight saving time since May.
214# http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf
215Rule Egypt 2006 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 -
216# From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14):
217# I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight
218# saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07.
219# From Jesper N��rgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:]
220# http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm
221# https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53
222# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...:
223# http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm
224Rule Egypt 2007 only - Sep Thu>=1 24:00 0 -
225# From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06):
226# Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter
227# than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each
228# year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite
229# hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by
230# shifting business hours one hour out of daytime heat. Consequently,
231# unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008.
232# From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17):
233# For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August.
234
235# From Petr Machata (2009-04-06):
236# The following appeared in Red Hat bugzilla[1] (edited):
237#
238# > $ zdump -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo | grep 2009
239# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 21:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu =
240# Apr 23
241# > 23:59:59 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200
242# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 22:00:00 2009 UTC = Fri =
243# Apr 24
244# > 01:00:00 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800
245# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 20:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu =
246# Aug 27
247# > 23:59:59 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800
248# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 21:00:00 2009 UTC = Thu =
249# Aug 27
250# > 23:00:00 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200
251#
252# > end date should be Thu Sep 24 2009 (Last Thursday in September at 23:59=
253# :59)
254# > http://support.microsoft.com/kb/958729/
255#
256# timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that.
257#
258# [1] https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263
259# [2] https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53
260# [3] https://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/
261
262# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20):
263# In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth
264# Thursday in September; Egypt is expected to revert to the last Thursday
265# in September.
266
267# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11):
268# We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet
269# Information and Decision Support Center:
270# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html
271#
272# The Middle East News Agency
273# https://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx
274# also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21"
275# today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT."
276# Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service,
277# and can be found by searching for "winter" in their search engine
278# (at least today).
279
280# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-07-20):
281# According to News from Egypt - Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has
282# decided that Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during
283# Ramadan.
284#
285# Arabic translation:
286# "Clocks to go back during Ramadan - and then forward again"
287# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again
288# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html
289
290# From Ahmad El-Dardiry (2014-05-07):
291# Egypt is to change back to Daylight system on May 15
292# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/100735/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-government-to-reapply-daylight-saving-time-.aspx
293
294# From Gunther Vermier (2014-05-13):
295# our Egypt office confirms that the change will be at 15 May "midnight" (24:00)
296
297# From Imed Chihi (2014-06-04):
298# We have finally "located" a precise official reference about the DST changes
299# in Egypt. The Ministers Cabinet decision is explained at
300# http://www.cabinet.gov.eg/Media/CabinetMeetingsDetails.aspx?id=347 ...
301# [T]his (Arabic) site is not accessible outside Egypt, but the page ...
302# translates into: "With regard to daylight saving time, it is scheduled to
303# take effect at exactly twelve o'clock this evening, Thursday, 15 MAY 2014,
304# to be suspended by twelve o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 26 JUN 2014,
305# and re-established again at the end of the month of Ramadan, at twelve
306# o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 31 JUL 2014." This statement has been
307# reproduced by other (more accessible) sites[, e.g.,]...
308# http://elgornal.net/news/news.aspx?id=4699258
309
310# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-04):
311# Sarah El Deeb and Lee Keath of AP report that the Egyptian government says
312# the change is because of blackouts in Cairo, even though Ahram Online (cited
313# above) says DST had no affect on electricity consumption. There is
314# no information about when DST will end this fall. See:
315# http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/el-sissi-pushes-egyptians-line-23614833
316
317# From Steffen Thorsen (2015-04-08):
318# Egypt will start DST on midnight after Thursday, April 30, 2015.
319# This is based on a law (no 35) from May 15, 2014 saying it starts the last
320# Thursday of April.... Clocks will still be turned back for Ramadan, but
321# dates not yet announced....
322# http://almogaz.com/news/weird-news/2015/04/05/1947105 ...
323# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-starts-dst-2015.html
324
325# From Ahmed Nazmy (2015-04-20):
326# Egypt's ministers cabinet just announced ... that it will cancel DST at
327# least for 2015.
328#
329# From Tim Parenti (2015-04-20):
330# http://english.ahram.org.eg/WriterArticles/NewsContentP/1/128195/Egypt/No-daylight-saving-this-summer-Egypts-prime-minist.aspx
331# "Egypt's cabinet agreed on Monday not to switch clocks for daylight saving
332# time this summer, and carry out studies on the possibility of canceling the
333# practice altogether in future years."
334#
335# From Paul Eggert (2015-04-24):
336# Yesterday the office of Egyptian President El-Sisi announced his
337# decision to abandon DST permanently. See Ahram Online 2015-04-24.
338# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/128509/Egypt/Politics-/Sisi-cancels-daylight-saving-time-in-Egypt.aspx
339
340# From Steffen Thorsen (2016-04-29):
341# Egypt will have DST from July 7 until the end of October....
342# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContentP/1/204655/Egypt/Daylight-savings-time-returning-to-Egypt-on--July.aspx
343# From Mina Samuel (2016-07-04):
344# Egyptian government took the decision to cancel the DST,
345
346Rule Egypt 2008 only - Aug lastThu 24:00 0 -
347Rule Egypt 2009 only - Aug 20 24:00 0 -
348Rule Egypt 2010 only - Aug 10 24:00 0 -
349Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep 9 24:00 1:00 S
350Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 -
351Rule Egypt 2014 only - May 15 24:00 1:00 S
352Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jun 26 24:00 0 -
353Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jul 31 24:00 1:00 S
354Rule Egypt 2014 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 -
355
356# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
357Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:09 - LMT 1900 Oct
358 2:00 Egypt EE%sT
359
360# Equatorial Guinea
361# See Africa/Lagos.
362
363# Eritrea
364# Ethiopia
365# See Africa/Nairobi.
366
367# Gabon
368# See Africa/Lagos.
369
370# Gambia
371# See Africa/Abidjan.
372
373# Ghana
374# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
375# Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to "the present";
376# Shanks & Pottenger say 1936 to 1942;
377# and September 1 to January 1 is given by:
378# Scott Keltie J, Epstein M (eds), The Statesman's Year-Book,
379# 57th ed. Macmillan, London (1920), OCLC 609408015, pp xxviii.
380# For lack of better info, assume DST was observed from 1920 to 1942.
381Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Sep 1 0:00 0:20 GHST
382Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Dec 31 0:00 0 GMT
383# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
384Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1918
385 0:00 Ghana GMT/+0020
386
387# Guinea
388# See Africa/Abidjan.
389
390# Guinea-Bissau
391#
392# Shanks gives 1911-05-26 for the transition to WAT,
393# evidently confusing the date of the Portuguese decree
394# https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
395# with the date that it took effect, namely 1912-01-01.
396#
397# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
398Zone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1
399 -1:00 - -01 1975
400 0:00 - GMT
401
402# Kenya
403# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
404Zone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1928 Jul
405 3:00 - EAT 1930
406 2:30 - +0230 1940
407 2:45 - +0245 1960
408 3:00 - EAT
409Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Addis_Ababa # Ethiopia
410Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Asmara # Eritrea
411Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Dar_es_Salaam # Tanzania
412Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Djibouti
413Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Kampala # Uganda
414Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Mogadishu # Somalia
415Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Antananarivo # Madagascar
416Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Comoro
417Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Mayotte
418
419# Lesotho
420# See Africa/Johannesburg.
421
422# Liberia
423#
424# From Paul Eggert (2017-03-02):
425#
426# The Nautical Almanac for the Year 1970, p 264, is the source for -0:44:30.
427#
428# In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch from a UTC offset
429# that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes. The 1972 change was on
430# 1972-01-07, according to an entry dated 1972-01-04 on p 330 of:
431# Presidential Papers: First year of the administration of
432# President William R. Tolbert, Jr., July 23, 1971-July 31, 1972.
433# Monrovia: Executive Mansion.
434#
435# Use the abbreviation "MMT" before 1972, as the more-accurate numeric
436# abbreviation "-004430" would be one byte over the POSIX limit.
437#
438# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
439Zone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882
440 -0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time
441 -0:44:30 - MMT 1972 Jan 7 # approximately MMT
442 0:00 - GMT
443
444###############################################################################
445
446# Libya
447
448# From Even Scharning (2012-11-10):
449# Libya set their time one hour back at 02:00 on Saturday November 10.
450# https://www.libyaherald.com/2012/11/04/clocks-to-go-back-an-hour-on-saturday/
451# Here is an official source [in Arabic]: http://ls.ly/fb6Yc
452#
453# Steffen Thorsen forwarded a translation (2012-11-10) in
454# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2012-November/018451.html
455#
456# From Tim Parenti (2012-11-11):
457# Treat the 2012-11-10 change as a zone change from UTC+2 to UTC+1.
458# The DST rules planned for 2013 and onward roughly mirror those of Europe
459# (either two days before them or five days after them, so as to fall on
460# lastFri instead of lastSun).
461
462# From Even Scharning (2013-10-25):
463# The scheduled end of DST in Libya on Friday, October 25, 2013 was
464# cancelled yesterday....
465# https://www.libyaherald.com/2013/10/24/correction-no-time-change-tomorrow/
466#
467# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-25):
468# For now, assume they're reverting to the pre-2012 rules of permanent UT +02.
469
470# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
471Rule Libya 1951 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 S
472Rule Libya 1952 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
473Rule Libya 1953 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 S
474Rule Libya 1954 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
475Rule Libya 1955 only - Sep 30 0:00 1:00 S
476Rule Libya 1956 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
477Rule Libya 1982 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
478Rule Libya 1982 1985 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
479Rule Libya 1985 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S
480Rule Libya 1986 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S
481Rule Libya 1986 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
482Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
483Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
484Rule Libya 1997 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S
485Rule Libya 1997 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
486Rule Libya 2013 only - Mar lastFri 1:00 1:00 S
487Rule Libya 2013 only - Oct lastFri 2:00 0 -
488# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
489Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920
490 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959
491 2:00 - EET 1982
492 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1990 May 4
493# The 1996 and 1997 entries are from Shanks & Pottenger;
494# the IATA SSIM data entries contain some obvious errors.
495 2:00 - EET 1996 Sep 30
496 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1997 Oct 4
497 2:00 - EET 2012 Nov 10 2:00
498 1:00 Libya CE%sT 2013 Oct 25 2:00
499 2:00 - EET
500
501# Madagascar
502# See Africa/Nairobi.
503
504# Malawi
505# See Africa/Maputo.
506
507# Mali
508# Mauritania
509# See Africa/Abidjan.
510
511# Mauritius
512
513# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25):
514# Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial
515# basis....
516# It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to
517# 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful....
518# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html
519
520# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25):
521# http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD
522
523# From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30):
524# The www.timeanddate.com article cited by Steffen Thorsen notes that "A
525# final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving
526# would begin and end on these dates." As a place holder, use midnight.
527
528# From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30):
529# Follow Thorsen on DST in 1982/1983, instead of Shanks & Pottenger.
530
531# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10):
532# According to
533# http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216
534# (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier
535# than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31). The new start
536# date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time
537# given, but it is probably at either 2 or 3 wall clock time).
538#
539# A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date
540# to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date,
541# but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in
542# USA/Canada last year (DST ends first Sunday in November). I also wonder
543# why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which
544# changes two days later.
545
546# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11):
547# Seems that English language article "The revival of daylight saving
548# time: Energy conservation?"- No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally
549# published on Monday, June 30, 2008...
550#
551# I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction
552# de l'heure d'��t��" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26
553# and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one....
554# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html
555
556# From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03):
557# The Government of Mauritius weblink
558# http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD
559# Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows:
560#
561# 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly
562# of the Time Bill which provides for the introduction of summer time in
563# Mauritius. The summer time period which will be of one hour ahead of
564# the standard time, will be aligned with that in Europe and the United
565# States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the
566# last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on
567# the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the
568# year 2008-2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008
569# and end on 29 March 2009.
570
571# From Ed Maste (2008-10-07):
572# THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the
573# beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the
574# morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March.
575# http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf
576
577# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05):
578# According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe
579# DST the coming summer...
580#
581# Some sources, in French:
582# http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB
583# http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints-
584#
585# Our wrap-up:
586# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html
587
588# From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11):
589# The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this:
590# "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour
591# at 2am (or 02:00) local time..."
592
593# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
594Rule Mauritius 1982 only - Oct 10 0:00 1:00 S
595Rule Mauritius 1983 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 -
596Rule Mauritius 2008 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
597Rule Mauritius 2009 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
598# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
599Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis
600 4:00 Mauritius +04/+05
601# Agalega Is, Rodriguez
602# no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius
603
604# Mayotte
605# See Africa/Nairobi.
606
607# Morocco
608# See the 'europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta).
609
610# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
611# Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between
612# 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008.
613#
614# "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will
615# be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to
616# Communication Minister and Government Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...."
617#
618# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html
619# http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html
620
621# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
622# The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe
623# Presse:
624# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view
625#
626# Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt.
627# spokesman.
628
629# From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09):
630# According to this article:
631# https://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html
632# (and republished here: <http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html>)
633# the changes occur at midnight:
634#
635# Saturday night May 31st at midnight (which in French is to be
636# interpreted as the night between Saturday and Sunday)
637# Sunday night the 28th at midnight
638#
639# Seeing that the 28th is Monday, I am guessing that she intends to say
640# the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between Sunday and
641# Monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive
642# June 1st to Sept 27th.
643#
644# The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree
645# published on the web.
646#
647# It's also confirmed here:
648# http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm
649# on a government portal as being between June 1st and Sept 27th (not yet
650# posted in English).
651#
652# The following Google query will generate many relevant hits:
653# https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search
654
655# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27):
656# Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31
657# and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end
658# of September:
659#
660# One article about it (in French):
661# http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default
662#
663# We have some further details posted here:
664# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html
665
666# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17):
667# Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according
668# to many sources, such as
669# http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html
670# http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312
671# (French)
672#
673# Our summary:
674# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html
675
676# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17):
677# Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre,
678# Minist��re de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics
679#
680# Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 June 1967)
681# concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of
682# Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be
683# advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight.
684#
685# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf
686# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html
687
688# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-04-13):
689# Several news media in Morocco report that the Ministry of Modernization
690# of Public Sectors has announced that Morocco will have DST from
691# 2010-05-02 to 2010-08-08.
692#
693# Example:
694# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html
695# (French)
696# Our page:
697# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html
698
699# From Dan Abitol (2011-03-30):
700# ...Rules for Africa/Casablanca are the following (24h format)
701# The 3rd April 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd April 01:00:00
702# The 31st July 2011 at 00:59:59, [it] will be 31st July 00:00:00
703# ...Official links of change in morocco
704# The change was broadcast on the FM Radio
705# I ve called ANRT (telecom regulations in Morocco) at
706# +212.537.71.84.00
707# http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/
708# They said that
709# http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view
710# is the official publication to look at.
711# They said that the decision was already taken.
712#
713# More articles in the press
714# https://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-leve.html
715# http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923
716# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim
717
718# From Petr Machata (2011-03-30):
719# They have it written in English here:
720# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view
721#
722# It says there that "Morocco will resume its standard time on July 31,
723# 2011 at midnight." Now they don't say whether they mean midnight of
724# wall clock time (i.e. 11pm UTC), but that's what I would assume. It has
725# also been like that in the past.
726
727# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-03-09):
728# According to Infom��diaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma),
729# on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure l��gale:
730# Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d'��t��
731# http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-l%C3%A9gale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-d%C3%A9t%C3%A9
732# Governing Council adopted draft decree, that Morocco DST starts on
733# the last Sunday of March (March 25, 2012) and ends on
734# last Sunday of September (September 30, 2012)
735# except the month of Ramadan.
736# or (brief)
737# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html
738
739# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-10):
740# The infomediaire.ma source indicates that the system is to be in
741# effect every year. It gives 03H00 as the "fall back" time of day;
742# it lacks a "spring forward" time of day; assume 2:00 XXX.
743# Wait on specifying the Ramadan exception for details about
744# start date, start time of day, end date, and end time of day XXX.
745
746# From Christophe Tropamer (2012-03-16):
747# Seen Morocco change again:
748# http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php
749# "...�� partir du dernier dimanche d'avril et non fins mars,
750# comme annonc�� pr��c��demment."
751
752# From Milamber Space Network (2012-07-17):
753# The official return to GMT is announced by the Moroccan government:
754# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 [in French]
755#
756# Google translation, lightly edited:
757# Back to the standard time of the Kingdom (GMT)
758# Pursuant to Decree No. 2-12-126 issued on 26 Jumada (I) 1433 (April 18,
759# 2012) and in accordance with the order of Mr. President of the
760# Government No. 3-47-12 issued on 24 Sha'ban (11 July 2012), the Ministry
761# of Public Service and Administration Modernization announces the return
762# of the legal time of the Kingdom (GMT) from Friday, July 20, 2012 until
763# Monday, August 20, 2012. So the time will be delayed by 60 minutes from
764# 3:00 am Friday, July 20, 2012 and will again be advanced by 60 minutes
765# August 20, 2012 from 2:00 am.
766
767# From Paul Eggert (2013-03-06):
768# Morocco's daylight-saving transitions due to Ramadan seem to be
769# announced a bit in advance. On 2012-07-11 the Moroccan government
770# announced that year's Ramadan daylight-saving transitions would be
771# 2012-07-20 and 2012-08-20; see
772# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288
773
774# From Andrew Paprocki (2013-07-02):
775# Morocco announced that the year's Ramadan daylight-savings
776# transitions would be 2013-07-07 and 2013-08-10; see:
777# http://www.maroc.ma/en/news/morocco-suspends-daylight-saving-time-july-7-aug10
778
779# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-28):
780# Morocco extends DST by one month, on very short notice, just 1 day
781# before it was going to end. There is a new decree (2.13.781) for
782# this, where DST from now on goes from last Sunday of March at 02:00
783# to last Sunday of October at 03:00, similar to EU rules. Official
784# source (French):
785# http://www.maroc.gov.ma/fr/actualites/lhoraire-dete-gmt1-maintenu-jusquau-27-octobre-2013
786# Another source (specifying the time for start and end in the decree):
787# http://www.lemag.ma/Heure-d-ete-au-Maroc-jusqu-au-27-octobre_a75620.html
788
789# From Sebastien Willemijns (2014-03-18):
790# http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2014/3/18/maroc-heure-dete-avancez-tous-horloges-247891.asp
791
792# From Milamber Space Network (2014-06-05):
793# The Moroccan government has recently announced that the country will return
794# to standard time at 03:00 on Saturday, June 28, 2014 local time.... DST
795# will resume again at 02:00 on Saturday, August 2, 2014....
796# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=586
797
798# From Milamber (2015-06-08):
799# (Google Translation) The hour will thus be delayed 60 minutes
800# Sunday, June 14 at 3:00, the ministry said in a statement, adding
801# that the time will be advanced again 60 minutes Sunday, July 19,
802# 2015 at 2:00. The move comes under 2.12.126 Decree of 26 Jumada I
803# 1433 (18 April 2012) and the decision of the Head of Government of
804# 16 N. 3-29-15 Chaaban 1435 (4 June 2015).
805# Source (french):
806# https://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/
807#
808# From Milamber (2015-06-09):
809# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=863
810#
811# From Michael Deckers (2015-06-09):
812# [The gov.ma announcement] would (probably) make the switch on 2015-07-19 go
813# from 03:00 to 04:00 rather than from 02:00 to 03:00, as in the patch....
814# I think the patch is correct and the quoted text is wrong; the text in
815# <https://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/> agrees
816# with the patch.
817
818# From Paul Eggert (2015-06-08):
819# For now, guess that later spring and fall transitions will use 2015's rules,
820# and guess that Morocco will switch to standard time at 03:00 the last
821# Sunday before Ramadan, and back to DST at 02:00 the first Sunday after
822# Ramadan. To implement this, transition dates for 2016 through 2037 were
823# determined by running the following program under GNU Emacs 24.3, with the
824# results integrated by hand into the table below.
825# (let ((islamic-year 1437))
826# (require 'cal-islam)
827# (while (< islamic-year 1460)
828# (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year)))
829# (b (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year)))
830# (sunday 0))
831# (while (/= sunday (mod (setq a (1- a)) 7)))
832# (while (/= sunday (mod b 7))
833# (setq b (1+ b)))
834# (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a))
835# (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b))
836# (insert
837# (format
838# (concat "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 3:00\t0\t-\n"
839# "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 2:00\t1:00\tS\n")
840# (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a))
841# (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b)))))
842# (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year))))
843
844# RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
845
846Rule Morocco 1939 only - Sep 12 0:00 1:00 S
847Rule Morocco 1939 only - Nov 19 0:00 0 -
848Rule Morocco 1940 only - Feb 25 0:00 1:00 S
849Rule Morocco 1945 only - Nov 18 0:00 0 -
850Rule Morocco 1950 only - Jun 11 0:00 1:00 S
851Rule Morocco 1950 only - Oct 29 0:00 0 -
852Rule Morocco 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S
853Rule Morocco 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
854Rule Morocco 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S
855Rule Morocco 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
856Rule Morocco 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
857Rule Morocco 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 -
858Rule Morocco 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
859Rule Morocco 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
860Rule Morocco 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 -
861Rule Morocco 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
862Rule Morocco 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
863Rule Morocco 2009 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
864Rule Morocco 2009 only - Aug 21 0:00 0 -
865Rule Morocco 2010 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S
866Rule Morocco 2010 only - Aug 8 0:00 0 -
867Rule Morocco 2011 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
868Rule Morocco 2011 only - Jul 31 0:00 0 -
869Rule Morocco 2012 2013 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
870Rule Morocco 2012 only - Jul 20 3:00 0 -
871Rule Morocco 2012 only - Aug 20 2:00 1:00 S
872Rule Morocco 2012 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
873Rule Morocco 2013 only - Jul 7 3:00 0 -
874Rule Morocco 2013 only - Aug 10 2:00 1:00 S
875Rule Morocco 2013 max - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 -
876Rule Morocco 2014 2021 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
877Rule Morocco 2014 only - Jun 28 3:00 0 -
878Rule Morocco 2014 only - Aug 2 2:00 1:00 S
879Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jun 14 3:00 0 -
880Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jul 19 2:00 1:00 S
881Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jun 5 3:00 0 -
882Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jul 10 2:00 1:00 S
883Rule Morocco 2017 only - May 21 3:00 0 -
884Rule Morocco 2017 only - Jul 2 2:00 1:00 S
885Rule Morocco 2018 only - May 13 3:00 0 -
886Rule Morocco 2018 only - Jun 17 2:00 1:00 S
887Rule Morocco 2019 only - May 5 3:00 0 -
888Rule Morocco 2019 only - Jun 9 2:00 1:00 S
889Rule Morocco 2020 only - Apr 19 3:00 0 -
890Rule Morocco 2020 only - May 24 2:00 1:00 S
891Rule Morocco 2021 only - Apr 11 3:00 0 -
892Rule Morocco 2021 only - May 16 2:00 1:00 S
893Rule Morocco 2022 only - May 8 2:00 1:00 S
894Rule Morocco 2023 only - Apr 23 2:00 1:00 S
895Rule Morocco 2024 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 S
896Rule Morocco 2025 only - Apr 6 2:00 1:00 S
897Rule Morocco 2026 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
898Rule Morocco 2036 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 -
899Rule Morocco 2037 only - Oct 4 3:00 0 -
900
901# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
902Zone Africa/Casablanca -0:30:20 - LMT 1913 Oct 26
903 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 1984 Mar 16
904 1:00 - CET 1986
905 0:00 Morocco WE%sT
906
907# Western Sahara
908#
909# From Gwillim Law (2013-10-22):
910# A correspondent who is usually well informed about time zone matters
911# ... says that Western Sahara observes daylight saving time, just as
912# Morocco does.
913#
914# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-23):
915# Assume that this has been true since Western Sahara switched to GMT,
916# since most of it was then controlled by Morocco.
917
918Zone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan # El Aai��n
919 -1:00 - -01 1976 Apr 14
920 0:00 Morocco WE%sT
921
922# Mozambique
923#
924# Shanks gives 1903-03-01 for the transition to CAT.
925# Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree
926# https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
927# merely made it official?
928#
929# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
930Zone Africa/Maputo 2:10:20 - LMT 1903 Mar
931 2:00 - CAT
932Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Blantyre # Malawi
933Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Bujumbura # Burundi
934Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Gaborone # Botswana
935Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Harare # Zimbabwe
936Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Kigali # Rwanda
937Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lubumbashi # E Dem. Rep. of Congo
938Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lusaka # Zambia
939
940
941# Namibia
942
943# From Arthur David Olson (2017-08-09):
944# The text of the "Namibia Time Act, 1994" is available online at
945# www.lac.org.na/laws/1994/811.pdf
946# and includes this nugget:
947# Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (2) of section 1, the
948# first winter period after the commencement of this Act shall
949# commence at OOhOO on Monday 21 March 1994 and shall end at 02h00 on
950# Sunday 4 September 1994.
951
952# From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30):
953# http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html
954# While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other
955# settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there
956# rises and sets earlier compared to other regions. Chief of
957# Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of
958# the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest
959# of the country.
960#
961# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-22):
962# Although the Zambezi Region (formerly known as Caprivi) informally
963# observes Botswana time, we have no details about historical practice.
964# In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone.
965# See: Immanuel S. The Namibian. 2017-02-23.
966# https://www.namibian.com.na/51480/read/Time-change-divides-lawmakers
967
968# From Steffen Thorsen (2017-08-09):
969# Namibia is going to change their time zone to what is now their DST:
970# https://www.newera.com.na/2017/02/23/namibias-winter-time-might-be-repealed/
971# This video is from the government decision:
972# https://www.nbc.na/news/na-passes-namibia-time-bill-repealing-1994-namibia-time-act.8665
973# We have made the assumption so far that they will change their time zone at
974# the same time they would normally start DST, the first Sunday in September:
975# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/namibia-new-time-zone.html
976
977# RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
978Rule Namibia 1994 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 -
979Rule Namibia 1994 2016 - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
980Rule Namibia 1995 2017 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 -
981# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
982Zone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8
983 1:30 - +0130 1903 Mar
984 2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00
985 2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00
986 2:00 - SAST 1990 Mar 21 # independence
987 2:00 - CAT 1994 Mar 21 0:00
988 1:00 Namibia WA%sT 2017 Sep 3 2:00
989 2:00 - CAT
990
991# Niger
992# See Africa/Lagos.
993
994# Nigeria
995# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
996Zone Africa/Lagos 0:13:36 - LMT 1919 Sep
997 1:00 - WAT
998Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Bangui # Central African Republic
999Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Brazzaville # Rep. of the Congo
1000Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Douala # Cameroon
1001Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Kinshasa # Dem. Rep. of the Congo (west)
1002Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Libreville # Gabon
1003Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Luanda # Angola
1004Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Malabo # Equatorial Guinea
1005Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Niamey # Niger
1006Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Porto-Novo # Benin
1007
1008# R��union
1009# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1010Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis
1011 4:00 - +04
1012#
1013# Crozet Islands also observes R��union time; see the 'antarctica' file.
1014#
1015# Scattered Islands (��les ��parses) administered from R��union are as follows.
1016# The following information about them is taken from
1017# ��les ��parses (<http://www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm>, 1997-07-22,
1018# in French; no longer available as of 1999-08-17).
1019# We have no info about their time zone histories.
1020#
1021# Bassas da India - uninhabited
1022# Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families
1023# Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958
1024# Juan de Nova - uninhabited
1025# Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958
1026
1027# Rwanda
1028# See Africa/Maputo.
1029
1030# St Helena
1031# See Africa/Abidjan.
1032# The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar:
1033# Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA
1034# Ascension: on GMT, say the USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA
1035# Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously):
1036# on GMT, says the CIA
1037# Inaccessible, Nightingale: uninhabited
1038
1039# S��o Tom�� and Pr��ncipe
1040# Senegal
1041# See Africa/Abidjan.
1042
1043# Seychelles
1044# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1045Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1906 Jun # Victoria
1046 4:00 - +04
1047# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30):
1048# Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the
1049# Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory
1050# in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know
1051# whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now.
1052# Possibly the islands were uninhabited.
1053
1054# Sierra Leone
1055# See Africa/Abidjan.
1056
1057# Somalia
1058# See Africa/Nairobi.
1059
1060# South Africa
1061# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1062Rule SA 1942 1943 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 -
1063Rule SA 1943 1944 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
1064# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1065Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8
1066 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar
1067 2:00 SA SAST
1068Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Maseru # Lesotho
1069Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Mbabane # Swaziland
1070#
1071# Marion and Prince Edward Is
1072# scientific station since 1947
1073# no information
1074
1075# Sudan
1076
1077# From <http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html>
1078# Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13),
1079# also reported by Micha��l De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen:
1080# Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon
1081# Saturday.... This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for
1082# Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin.
1083
1084# From Ahmed Atyya, National Telecommunications Corp. (NTC), Sudan (2017-10-17):
1085# ... the Republic of Sudan is going to change the time zone from (GMT+3:00)
1086# to (GMT+ 2:00) starting from Wednesday 1 November 2017.
1087#
1088# From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18):
1089# A scanned copy (in Arabic) of Cabinet Resolution No. 352 for the
1090# year 2017 can be found as an attachment in email today from Yahia
1091# Abdalla of NTC, archived at:
1092# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2017-October/025333.html
1093
1094# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1095Rule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1096Rule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 -
1097Rule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
1098Rule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
1099# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1100Zone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931
1101 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00
1102 3:00 - EAT 2017 Nov 1
1103 2:00 - CAT
1104
1105# South Sudan
1106# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1107Zone Africa/Juba 2:06:28 - LMT 1931
1108 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00
1109 3:00 - EAT
1110
1111# Swaziland
1112# See Africa/Johannesburg.
1113
1114# Tanzania
1115# See Africa/Nairobi.
1116
1117# Togo
1118# See Africa/Abidjan.
1119
1120# Tunisia
1121
1122# From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30):
1123# My correspondent, Risto Nyk��nen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST,
1124# this time in Tunisia. According to Yahoo France News
1125# <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP
1126# and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by
1127# one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1. Henceforth, Tunisian time will be
1128# UTC+2 instead of UTC+1. The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next
1129# Saturday." (My translation)
1130#
1131# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02):
1132# La Presse, the first national daily newspaper ...
1133# http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html
1134# ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30,
1135# 1h standard time.
1136#
1137# From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28):
1138# The daylight saving time will be the same each year:
1139# Beginning : the last Sunday of March at 02:00
1140# Ending : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ...
1141# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50
1142
1143# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16):
1144# According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year.
1145# (Arabic)
1146# http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546
1147# https://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp
1148#
1149# We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia.
1150# We have a wrap-up about this on the following page:
1151# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html
1152
1153# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17):
1154# Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency
1155#
1156# Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn):
1157#
1158# (in English)
1159# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157
1160#
1161# (in Arabic)
1162# http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1
1163
1164# From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-18):
1165# The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is
1166# due to the fact that the fasting month of Ramadan coincides with the period
1167# concerned by summer time. Therefore, the standard time will be kept
1168# unchanged the whole year long." So foregoing DST seems to be an exception
1169# (albeit one that may be repeated in the future).
1170
1171# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-27):
1172# According to some news reports Tunis confirmed not to use DST in 2010
1173#
1174# (translation):
1175# "The Tunisian government has decided to abandon DST, which was scheduled on
1176# Sunday...
1177# Tunisian authorities had suspended the DST for the first time last year also
1178# coincided with the month of Ramadan..."
1179#
1180# (in Arabic)
1181# http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1
1182# http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036
1183# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html
1184
1185# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1186Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
1187Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 -
1188Rule Tunisia 1940 only - Feb 25 23:00s 1:00 S
1189Rule Tunisia 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 -
1190Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 1:00 S
1191Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 -
1192Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S
1193Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 17 2:00 0 -
1194Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 25 2:00 1:00 S
1195Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
1196Rule Tunisia 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S
1197Rule Tunisia 1944 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
1198Rule Tunisia 1945 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
1199Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Apr 30 0:00s 1:00 S
1200Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Sep 24 0:00s 0 -
1201Rule Tunisia 1978 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1202Rule Tunisia 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
1203Rule Tunisia 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1204Rule Tunisia 1988 1990 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
1205Rule Tunisia 1989 only - Mar 26 0:00s 1:00 S
1206Rule Tunisia 1990 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1207Rule Tunisia 2005 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1208Rule Tunisia 2005 only - Sep 30 1:00s 0 -
1209Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
1210Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
1211
1212# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
1213# more precise 0:09:21.
1214# Shanks & Pottenger say the 1911 switch was on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11.
1215# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1216Zone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May 12
1217 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
1218 1:00 Tunisia CE%sT
1219
1220# Uganda
1221# See Africa/Nairobi.
1222
1223# Zambia
1224# Zimbabwe
1225# See Africa/Maputo.