1.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1993
2.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
3.\"
4.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
5.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
6.\" are met:
7.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
8.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
9.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
11.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
12.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
13.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
14.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
15.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
16.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
17.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
18.\" without specific prior written permission.
19.\"
20.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
21.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
22.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
23.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
24.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
25.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
26.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
27.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
28.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
29.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
30.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
31.\"
32.\" @(#)hier.7 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93
| 1.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1993
2.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
3.\"
4.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
5.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
6.\" are met:
7.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
8.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
9.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
10.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
11.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
12.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
13.\" must display the following acknowledgement:
14.\" This product includes software developed by the University of
15.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors.
16.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
17.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
18.\" without specific prior written permission.
19.\"
20.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
21.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
22.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
23.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
24.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
25.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
26.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
27.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
28.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
29.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
30.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
31.\"
32.\" @(#)hier.7 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/5/93
|
33.\" $FreeBSD: head/share/man/man7/hier.7 130845 2004-06-21 14:43:09Z mpp $
| 33.\" $FreeBSD: head/share/man/man7/hier.7 131530 2004-07-03 18:29:24Z ru $
|
34.\"
35.Dd June 13, 2004
36.Dt HIER 7
37.Os
38.Sh NAME
39.Nm hier
40.Nd layout of file systems
41.Sh DESCRIPTION
42A sketch of the file system hierarchy.
43.Bl -tag -width ".Pa /libexec/"
44.It Pa /
45root directory of the file system
46.It Pa /bin/
47user utilities fundamental to both single-user and multi-user environments
48.It Pa /boot/
49programs and configuration files used during operating system bootstrap
50.Pp
51.Bl -tag -width ".Pa defaults/" -compact
52.It Pa defaults/
53default bootstrapping configuration files; see
54.Xr loader.conf 5
55.It Pa kernel/
56pure kernel executable (the operating system loaded into memory
57at boot time).
58.It Pa modules/
59third-party loadable kernel modules;
60see
61.Xr kldstat 8
62.El
63.It Pa /cdrom/
64default mount point for CD-ROM drives
65(created by
66.Xr sysinstall 8 )
67.It Pa /compat/
68normally a link to
69.Pa /usr/compat .
70If not, then the
71.Pa /usr/compat
72comments apply
73(created by
74.Xr sysinstall 8 )
75.It Pa /dev/
76block and character device files
77.Pp
78.Bl -tag -width ".Pa fd/" -compact
79.It Pa fd/
80file descriptor files;
81see
82.Xr \&fd 4
83.El
84.It Pa /dist/
85mount point used by
86.Xr sysinstall 8
87.It Pa /etc/
88system configuration files and scripts
89.Pp
90.Bl -tag -width ".Pa defaults/" -compact
91.It Pa defaults/
92default system configuration files;
93see
94.Xr rc 8
95.It Pa gnats/
96gnats configuration files;
97see
98.Xr send-pr 1
99.It Pa isdn/
100isdn4bsd configuration files;
101see
102.Xr isdnd 8
103.It Pa localtime
104local timezone information;
105see
106.Xr ctime 3
107.It Pa mail/
108Sendmail control files
109.It Pa mtree/
110mtree configuration files;
111see
112.Xr mtree 8
113.It Pa namedb/
114named configuration files;
115see
116.Xr named 8
117.It Pa pam.d/
118configuration files for the Pluggable Authentication Modules (PAM)
119library;
120see
121.Xr pam 8
122.It Pa periodic/
123scripts that are run daily, weekly, and monthly, via
124.Xr cron 8 ;
125see
126.Xr periodic 8
127.It Pa ppp/
128ppp configuration files;
129see
130.Xr ppp 8
131.It Pa ssl/
132OpenSSL configuration files
133.El
134.It Pa /lib/
135critical system libraries needed for binaries in
136.Pa /bin
137and
138.Pa /sbin
139.Pp
140.Bl -tag -width ".Pa geom/" -compact
141.It Pa geom/
142class-specific libraries for the
143.Xr geom 8
144utility
145.El
146.It Pa /libexec/
147critical system utilities needed for binaries in
148.Pa /bin
149and
150.Pa /sbin
151.It Pa /mnt/
152empty directory commonly used by
153system administrators as a temporary mount point
154.It Pa /proc/
155process file system;
156see
157.Xr procfs 5 ,
158.Xr mount_procfs 8
159.It Pa /rescue/
160statically linked programs for emergency recovery;
161see
162.Xr rescue 8
163.It Pa /root/
164root's HOME directory
165.It Pa /sbin/
166system programs and administration utilities
167fundamental to both single-user and multi-user environments
168.It Pa /stand/
169programs used in a standalone environment
170.It Pa /tmp/
171temporary files that are not guaranteed to persist across system reboots
172.It Pa /usr/
173contains the majority of user utilities and applications
174.Pp
175.Bl -tag -width ".Pa libdata/" -compact
176.It Pa bin/
177common utilities, programming tools, and applications
178.It Pa compat/
179files needed to support binary compatibility with other operating systems,
180such as Linux
181(created by
182.Xr sysinstall 8 )
183.It Pa games/
184useful and semi-frivolous programs
185.It Pa include/
186standard C include files
187.Pp
188.Bl -tag -width ".Pa kerberos5/" -compact
189.It Pa altq/
190C include files for alternate queueing
191.It Pa arpa/
192C include files for Internet service protocols
193.It Pa bsnmp/
194C include files for the SNMP daemon
195.It Pa cam/
196C include files for the Common Access Methods Layer
197.Bl -tag -width ".Pa kerberos5/" -compact
198.It Pa scsi/
199The SCSI device on top of CAM
200.El
201.It Pa dev/
202C include files for programming various
203.Fx
204devices
205.Bl -tag -width ".Pa kerberos5/" -compact
206.It Pa ic/
207Various header files describing driver- and bus-independent
208hardware circuits
209.It Pa ofw/
210OpenFirmware support
211.It Pa ppbus/
212The parallel port bus;
213see
214.Xr ppbus 4
215.It Pa usb/
216The USB subsystem
217.It Pa utopia/
218Physical chip driver for ATM interfaces;
219see
220.Xr utopia 4
221.It Pa wi/
222The
223.Xr wi 4
224WaveLAN driver
225.El
226.It Pa fs/
227.Bl -tag -width ".Pa kerberos5/" -compact
228.It Pa fdescfs/
229per-process file descriptors file system
230.It Pa fifofs/
231.St -p1003.1
232FIFOs file system
233.It Pa msdosfs/
234MS-DOS file system
235.It Pa ntfs/
236NTFS file system
237.It Pa nullfs/
238loopback file system
239.It Pa nwfs/
240NetWare file system
241.It Pa portalfs/
242portal file system
243.It Pa procfs/
244process file system
245.It Pa smbfs/
246SMB/CIFS file system
247.It Pa udf/
248UDF file system
249.It Pa umapfs/
250alternate uid/gid mappings file system
251.It Pa unionfs
252union file system
253.El
254.It Pa g++/
255GNU C++ include files
256.Bl -tag -width ".Pa kerberos5/" -compact
257.It Pa std/
258GNU C++ libstdc++ include files
259.El
260.It Pa geom/
261GEOM framework
262.Bl -tag -width ".Pa kerberos5/" -compact
263.It Pa concat/
264CONCAT GEOM class
265.It Pa gate/
266GATE GEOM class
267.It Pa nop/
268NOP GEOM class
269.It Pa stripe/
270STRIPE GEOM class
271.El
272.Pp
273.It Pa isc/
274ISC utility library libisc include files
275.It Pa isofs/
276.Bl -tag -width ".Pa kerberos5/" -compact
277.It Pa cd9660/
278iso9660 file system
279.El
280.It Pa libmilter/
281C include files for libmilter,
282the
283.Xr sendmail 8
284mail filter API
285.It Pa machine/
286machine-specific C include files
287.It Pa net/
| 34.\"
35.Dd June 13, 2004
36.Dt HIER 7
37.Os
38.Sh NAME
39.Nm hier
40.Nd layout of file systems
41.Sh DESCRIPTION
42A sketch of the file system hierarchy.
43.Bl -tag -width ".Pa /libexec/"
44.It Pa /
45root directory of the file system
46.It Pa /bin/
47user utilities fundamental to both single-user and multi-user environments
48.It Pa /boot/
49programs and configuration files used during operating system bootstrap
50.Pp
51.Bl -tag -width ".Pa defaults/" -compact
52.It Pa defaults/
53default bootstrapping configuration files; see
54.Xr loader.conf 5
55.It Pa kernel/
56pure kernel executable (the operating system loaded into memory
57at boot time).
58.It Pa modules/
59third-party loadable kernel modules;
60see
61.Xr kldstat 8
62.El
63.It Pa /cdrom/
64default mount point for CD-ROM drives
65(created by
66.Xr sysinstall 8 )
67.It Pa /compat/
68normally a link to
69.Pa /usr/compat .
70If not, then the
71.Pa /usr/compat
72comments apply
73(created by
74.Xr sysinstall 8 )
75.It Pa /dev/
76block and character device files
77.Pp
78.Bl -tag -width ".Pa fd/" -compact
79.It Pa fd/
80file descriptor files;
81see
82.Xr \&fd 4
83.El
84.It Pa /dist/
85mount point used by
86.Xr sysinstall 8
87.It Pa /etc/
88system configuration files and scripts
89.Pp
90.Bl -tag -width ".Pa defaults/" -compact
91.It Pa defaults/
92default system configuration files;
93see
94.Xr rc 8
95.It Pa gnats/
96gnats configuration files;
97see
98.Xr send-pr 1
99.It Pa isdn/
100isdn4bsd configuration files;
101see
102.Xr isdnd 8
103.It Pa localtime
104local timezone information;
105see
106.Xr ctime 3
107.It Pa mail/
108Sendmail control files
109.It Pa mtree/
110mtree configuration files;
111see
112.Xr mtree 8
113.It Pa namedb/
114named configuration files;
115see
116.Xr named 8
117.It Pa pam.d/
118configuration files for the Pluggable Authentication Modules (PAM)
119library;
120see
121.Xr pam 8
122.It Pa periodic/
123scripts that are run daily, weekly, and monthly, via
124.Xr cron 8 ;
125see
126.Xr periodic 8
127.It Pa ppp/
128ppp configuration files;
129see
130.Xr ppp 8
131.It Pa ssl/
132OpenSSL configuration files
133.El
134.It Pa /lib/
135critical system libraries needed for binaries in
136.Pa /bin
137and
138.Pa /sbin
139.Pp
140.Bl -tag -width ".Pa geom/" -compact
141.It Pa geom/
142class-specific libraries for the
143.Xr geom 8
144utility
145.El
146.It Pa /libexec/
147critical system utilities needed for binaries in
148.Pa /bin
149and
150.Pa /sbin
151.It Pa /mnt/
152empty directory commonly used by
153system administrators as a temporary mount point
154.It Pa /proc/
155process file system;
156see
157.Xr procfs 5 ,
158.Xr mount_procfs 8
159.It Pa /rescue/
160statically linked programs for emergency recovery;
161see
162.Xr rescue 8
163.It Pa /root/
164root's HOME directory
165.It Pa /sbin/
166system programs and administration utilities
167fundamental to both single-user and multi-user environments
168.It Pa /stand/
169programs used in a standalone environment
170.It Pa /tmp/
171temporary files that are not guaranteed to persist across system reboots
172.It Pa /usr/
173contains the majority of user utilities and applications
174.Pp
175.Bl -tag -width ".Pa libdata/" -compact
176.It Pa bin/
177common utilities, programming tools, and applications
178.It Pa compat/
179files needed to support binary compatibility with other operating systems,
180such as Linux
181(created by
182.Xr sysinstall 8 )
183.It Pa games/
184useful and semi-frivolous programs
185.It Pa include/
186standard C include files
187.Pp
188.Bl -tag -width ".Pa kerberos5/" -compact
189.It Pa altq/
190C include files for alternate queueing
191.It Pa arpa/
192C include files for Internet service protocols
193.It Pa bsnmp/
194C include files for the SNMP daemon
195.It Pa cam/
196C include files for the Common Access Methods Layer
197.Bl -tag -width ".Pa kerberos5/" -compact
198.It Pa scsi/
199The SCSI device on top of CAM
200.El
201.It Pa dev/
202C include files for programming various
203.Fx
204devices
205.Bl -tag -width ".Pa kerberos5/" -compact
206.It Pa ic/
207Various header files describing driver- and bus-independent
208hardware circuits
209.It Pa ofw/
210OpenFirmware support
211.It Pa ppbus/
212The parallel port bus;
213see
214.Xr ppbus 4
215.It Pa usb/
216The USB subsystem
217.It Pa utopia/
218Physical chip driver for ATM interfaces;
219see
220.Xr utopia 4
221.It Pa wi/
222The
223.Xr wi 4
224WaveLAN driver
225.El
226.It Pa fs/
227.Bl -tag -width ".Pa kerberos5/" -compact
228.It Pa fdescfs/
229per-process file descriptors file system
230.It Pa fifofs/
231.St -p1003.1
232FIFOs file system
233.It Pa msdosfs/
234MS-DOS file system
235.It Pa ntfs/
236NTFS file system
237.It Pa nullfs/
238loopback file system
239.It Pa nwfs/
240NetWare file system
241.It Pa portalfs/
242portal file system
243.It Pa procfs/
244process file system
245.It Pa smbfs/
246SMB/CIFS file system
247.It Pa udf/
248UDF file system
249.It Pa umapfs/
250alternate uid/gid mappings file system
251.It Pa unionfs
252union file system
253.El
254.It Pa g++/
255GNU C++ include files
256.Bl -tag -width ".Pa kerberos5/" -compact
257.It Pa std/
258GNU C++ libstdc++ include files
259.El
260.It Pa geom/
261GEOM framework
262.Bl -tag -width ".Pa kerberos5/" -compact
263.It Pa concat/
264CONCAT GEOM class
265.It Pa gate/
266GATE GEOM class
267.It Pa nop/
268NOP GEOM class
269.It Pa stripe/
270STRIPE GEOM class
271.El
272.Pp
273.It Pa isc/
274ISC utility library libisc include files
275.It Pa isofs/
276.Bl -tag -width ".Pa kerberos5/" -compact
277.It Pa cd9660/
278iso9660 file system
279.El
280.It Pa libmilter/
281C include files for libmilter,
282the
283.Xr sendmail 8
284mail filter API
285.It Pa machine/
286machine-specific C include files
287.It Pa net/
|
288misc network C include files
| 288miscellaneous network C include files
|
289.It Pa netatalk/
290Appletalk protocol
291.It Pa netatm/
292ATM include files;
293see
294.Xr atm 8
295.It Pa netinet/
296C include files for Internet standard protocols;
297see
298.Xr inet 4
299.It Pa netinet6/
300C include files for Internet protocol version 6;
301see
302.Xr inet6 4
303.It Pa netipx/
304IPX/SPX protocol stacks
305.It Pa netkey/
306kernel key-management service
307.It Pa netnatm/
308NATM include files;
309see
310.Xr natm 4
311.It Pa netsmb/
312SMB/CIFS requester
313.It Pa nfs/
314C include files for NFS (Network File System)
315.It Pa objc/
316Objective C include files
317.It Pa openssl/
318OpenSSL (Cryptography/SSL toolkit) headers
319.It Pa pccard/
320PC-CARD controllers
321.It Pa posix4/
322POSIX real-time extensions includes;
323see
324.Xr p1003_1b 9
325.It Pa protocols/
326C include files for Berkeley service protocols
327.It Pa readline/
328get a line from a user, with editing;
329see
330.Xr readline 3
331.It Pa rpc/
332remote procedure calls;
333see
334.Xr rpc 3
335.It Pa rpcsvc/
336definition of RPC service structures; see
337.Xr rpc 3
338.It Pa security/
339PAM; see
340.Xr pam 8
341.It Pa sys/
342system C include files (kernel data structures)
343.\" .It Pa tcl/
344.\" Tcl language;
345.\" see
346.\" .Xr Tcl n
347.\" .Bl -tag -width ".Pa kerberos5/" -compact
348.\" .It Pa generic/
349.\" ???
350.\" .It Pa unix/
351.\" ???
352.\" .El
353.It Pa ufs/
354C include files for UFS (The U-word File System)
355.Bl -tag -width ".Pa kerberos5/" -compact
356.It Pa ffs/
357Fast file system
358.It Pa ufs/
359UFS file system
360.El
361.It Pa vm/
362virtual memory;
363see
364.Xr vmstat 8
365.El
366.Pp
367.It Pa lib/
368archive libraries
369.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
370.It Pa aout/
371a.out archive libraries
372.It Pa compat/
373shared libraries for compatibility
374.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
375.It Pa aout/
376a.out backward compatibility libraries
377.El
378.El
379.Pp
380.It Pa libdata/
| 289.It Pa netatalk/
290Appletalk protocol
291.It Pa netatm/
292ATM include files;
293see
294.Xr atm 8
295.It Pa netinet/
296C include files for Internet standard protocols;
297see
298.Xr inet 4
299.It Pa netinet6/
300C include files for Internet protocol version 6;
301see
302.Xr inet6 4
303.It Pa netipx/
304IPX/SPX protocol stacks
305.It Pa netkey/
306kernel key-management service
307.It Pa netnatm/
308NATM include files;
309see
310.Xr natm 4
311.It Pa netsmb/
312SMB/CIFS requester
313.It Pa nfs/
314C include files for NFS (Network File System)
315.It Pa objc/
316Objective C include files
317.It Pa openssl/
318OpenSSL (Cryptography/SSL toolkit) headers
319.It Pa pccard/
320PC-CARD controllers
321.It Pa posix4/
322POSIX real-time extensions includes;
323see
324.Xr p1003_1b 9
325.It Pa protocols/
326C include files for Berkeley service protocols
327.It Pa readline/
328get a line from a user, with editing;
329see
330.Xr readline 3
331.It Pa rpc/
332remote procedure calls;
333see
334.Xr rpc 3
335.It Pa rpcsvc/
336definition of RPC service structures; see
337.Xr rpc 3
338.It Pa security/
339PAM; see
340.Xr pam 8
341.It Pa sys/
342system C include files (kernel data structures)
343.\" .It Pa tcl/
344.\" Tcl language;
345.\" see
346.\" .Xr Tcl n
347.\" .Bl -tag -width ".Pa kerberos5/" -compact
348.\" .It Pa generic/
349.\" ???
350.\" .It Pa unix/
351.\" ???
352.\" .El
353.It Pa ufs/
354C include files for UFS (The U-word File System)
355.Bl -tag -width ".Pa kerberos5/" -compact
356.It Pa ffs/
357Fast file system
358.It Pa ufs/
359UFS file system
360.El
361.It Pa vm/
362virtual memory;
363see
364.Xr vmstat 8
365.El
366.Pp
367.It Pa lib/
368archive libraries
369.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
370.It Pa aout/
371a.out archive libraries
372.It Pa compat/
373shared libraries for compatibility
374.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
375.It Pa aout/
376a.out backward compatibility libraries
377.El
378.El
379.Pp
380.It Pa libdata/
|
381misc. utility data files
| 381miscellaneous utility data files
|
382.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
383.It Pa gcc/
384.Xr gcc 1
385configuration data
386.It Pa ldscripts/
387linker scripts;
388see
389.Xr ld 1
390.It Pa lint/
391various prebuilt lint libraries;
392see
393.Xr lint 1
394.El
395.Pp
396.It Pa libexec/
397system daemons & system utilities (executed by other programs)
398.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
399.It Pa aout/
400utilities to manipulate a.out executables
401.It Pa elf/
402utilities to manipulate ELF executables
403.It Pa lpr/
404utilities and filters for LP print system;
405see
406.Xr lpr 1
407.It Pa sendmail/
408the
409.Xr sendmail 8
410binary;
411see
412.Xr mailwrapper 8
413.It Pa sm.bin/
414restricted shell for
415.Xr sendmail 8 ;
416see
417.Xr smrsh 8
418.El
419.Pp
420.It Pa local/
421local executables, libraries, etc.
422Also used as the default destination for the
423.Fx
424ports framework.
425Within local/, the general layout sketched out by
426.Nm
427for /usr
| 382.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
383.It Pa gcc/
384.Xr gcc 1
385configuration data
386.It Pa ldscripts/
387linker scripts;
388see
389.Xr ld 1
390.It Pa lint/
391various prebuilt lint libraries;
392see
393.Xr lint 1
394.El
395.Pp
396.It Pa libexec/
397system daemons & system utilities (executed by other programs)
398.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
399.It Pa aout/
400utilities to manipulate a.out executables
401.It Pa elf/
402utilities to manipulate ELF executables
403.It Pa lpr/
404utilities and filters for LP print system;
405see
406.Xr lpr 1
407.It Pa sendmail/
408the
409.Xr sendmail 8
410binary;
411see
412.Xr mailwrapper 8
413.It Pa sm.bin/
414restricted shell for
415.Xr sendmail 8 ;
416see
417.Xr smrsh 8
418.El
419.Pp
420.It Pa local/
421local executables, libraries, etc.
422Also used as the default destination for the
423.Fx
424ports framework.
425Within local/, the general layout sketched out by
426.Nm
427for /usr
|
428should be used. Exceptions are the man directory (directly under local/
| 428should be used.
429Exceptions are the man directory (directly under local/
|
429rather than under local/share/), ports documentation (in share/doc/<port>/),
430and /usr/local/etc (mimics /etc).
431.It Pa obj/
432architecture-specific target tree produced by building the /usr/src tree
433.It Pa ports/
434The
435.Fx
436ports collection (optional).
437.It Pa sbin/
438system daemons & system utilities (executed by users)
439.It Pa share/
440architecture-independent files
441.Pp
442.Bl -tag -width ".Pa calendar/" -compact
443.It Pa calendar/
444a variety of pre-fab calendar files;
445see
446.Xr calendar 1
447.It Pa dict/
448word lists;
449see
450.Xr look 1
451.Pp
452.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
453.It Pa freebsd
454.Fx Ns -specific
455terms, proper names, and jargon
456.It Pa words
457common words
458.It Pa web2
459words from Webster's 2nd International
460.It Pa papers/
461reference databases;
462see
463.Xr refer 1
464.El
465.Pp
466.It Pa doc/
467miscellaneous documentation;
468source for most of the printed
469.Bx
470manuals (available
471from the
472.Tn USENIX
473association)
474.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
475.It Pa FAQ/
476Frequently Asked Questions
477.It Pa IPv6/
478implementation notes for IPv6
479.It Pa bind/
480documents pertaining to BIND (the Berkeley Internet Name Domain)
481.It Pa es/
482Spanish translations of documents in /usr/share/doc
483.It Pa handbook/
484.Fx
485Handbook
486.It Pa ja/
487Japanese translations of documents in /usr/share/doc
488.It Pa ncurses/
489HTML documents pertaining to ncurses;
490see
491.Xr ncurses 3X
492.It Pa ntp/
493HTML documents pertaining to the Network Time Protocol
494.It Pa papers/
495UNIX Papers
496.It Pa psd/
497UNIX Programmer's Supplementary Documents
498.It Pa ru/
499Russian translations of documents in /usr/share/doc
500.It Pa smm/
501UNIX System Manager's Manual
502.It Pa tutorials/
503.Fx
504tutorials
505.It Pa usd/
506UNIX User's Supplementary Documents
507.It Pa zh/
508Chinese translations of documents in /usr/share/doc
509.El
510.Pp
511.It Pa examples/
512various examples for users and programmers
513.It Pa games/
514ASCII text files used by various games
515.It Pa groff_font/
516device description file for device name
517.It Pa info/
518GNU Info hypertext system
519.It Pa isdn/
520ISDN
521.It Pa locale/
522localization files;
523see
524.Xr setlocale 3
525.It Pa man/
526manual pages
527.It Pa me/
528macros for use with the me macro package;
529see
530.Xr me 7
531.It Pa misc/
| 430rather than under local/share/), ports documentation (in share/doc/<port>/),
431and /usr/local/etc (mimics /etc).
432.It Pa obj/
433architecture-specific target tree produced by building the /usr/src tree
434.It Pa ports/
435The
436.Fx
437ports collection (optional).
438.It Pa sbin/
439system daemons & system utilities (executed by users)
440.It Pa share/
441architecture-independent files
442.Pp
443.Bl -tag -width ".Pa calendar/" -compact
444.It Pa calendar/
445a variety of pre-fab calendar files;
446see
447.Xr calendar 1
448.It Pa dict/
449word lists;
450see
451.Xr look 1
452.Pp
453.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
454.It Pa freebsd
455.Fx Ns -specific
456terms, proper names, and jargon
457.It Pa words
458common words
459.It Pa web2
460words from Webster's 2nd International
461.It Pa papers/
462reference databases;
463see
464.Xr refer 1
465.El
466.Pp
467.It Pa doc/
468miscellaneous documentation;
469source for most of the printed
470.Bx
471manuals (available
472from the
473.Tn USENIX
474association)
475.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
476.It Pa FAQ/
477Frequently Asked Questions
478.It Pa IPv6/
479implementation notes for IPv6
480.It Pa bind/
481documents pertaining to BIND (the Berkeley Internet Name Domain)
482.It Pa es/
483Spanish translations of documents in /usr/share/doc
484.It Pa handbook/
485.Fx
486Handbook
487.It Pa ja/
488Japanese translations of documents in /usr/share/doc
489.It Pa ncurses/
490HTML documents pertaining to ncurses;
491see
492.Xr ncurses 3X
493.It Pa ntp/
494HTML documents pertaining to the Network Time Protocol
495.It Pa papers/
496UNIX Papers
497.It Pa psd/
498UNIX Programmer's Supplementary Documents
499.It Pa ru/
500Russian translations of documents in /usr/share/doc
501.It Pa smm/
502UNIX System Manager's Manual
503.It Pa tutorials/
504.Fx
505tutorials
506.It Pa usd/
507UNIX User's Supplementary Documents
508.It Pa zh/
509Chinese translations of documents in /usr/share/doc
510.El
511.Pp
512.It Pa examples/
513various examples for users and programmers
514.It Pa games/
515ASCII text files used by various games
516.It Pa groff_font/
517device description file for device name
518.It Pa info/
519GNU Info hypertext system
520.It Pa isdn/
521ISDN
522.It Pa locale/
523localization files;
524see
525.Xr setlocale 3
526.It Pa man/
527manual pages
528.It Pa me/
529macros for use with the me macro package;
530see
531.Xr me 7
532.It Pa misc/
|
532misc system-wide ASCII text files
| 533miscellaneous system-wide ASCII text files
|
533.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
534.It Pa fonts/
535???
536.It Pa pcvtfonts/
537pcvt fonts;
538see
539.Xr pcvt 4
540.It Pa termcap
541terminal characteristics database;
542see
543.Xr termcap 5
544.El
545.It Pa mk/
546templates for make;
547see
548.Xr make 1
549.It Pa nls/
550national language support files;
551see
552.Xr mklocale 1
553.It Pa pcvt/
554pcvt documentation and etc examples;
555see
556.Xr pcvt 4
557.It Pa security/
558data files for security policies such as
559.Xr mac_lomac 4
560.It Pa sendmail/
561.Xr sendmail 8
562configuration files
563.It Pa skel/
| 534.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
535.It Pa fonts/
536???
537.It Pa pcvtfonts/
538pcvt fonts;
539see
540.Xr pcvt 4
541.It Pa termcap
542terminal characteristics database;
543see
544.Xr termcap 5
545.El
546.It Pa mk/
547templates for make;
548see
549.Xr make 1
550.It Pa nls/
551national language support files;
552see
553.Xr mklocale 1
554.It Pa pcvt/
555pcvt documentation and etc examples;
556see
557.Xr pcvt 4
558.It Pa security/
559data files for security policies such as
560.Xr mac_lomac 4
561.It Pa sendmail/
562.Xr sendmail 8
563configuration files
564.It Pa skel/
|
564example . (dot) files for new accounts
| 565example
566.Pa .\&
567(dot) files for new accounts
|
565.It Pa snmp/
566MIBs, example files and tree definitions for the SNMP daemon.
567.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
568.It Pa defs/
569Tree definition files for use with
570.Xr gensnmptree 1
571.It Pa mibs/
572MIB files
573.El
574.It Pa syscons/
575files used by syscons;
576see
577.Xr syscons 4
578.Bl -tag -width ".Pa scrnmaps/" -compact
579.It Pa fonts/
580console fonts;
581see
582.Xr vidcontrol 1
583and
584.Xr vidfont 1
585.It Pa keymaps/
586console keyboard maps;
587see
588.Xr kbdcontrol 1
589and
590.Xr kbdmap 1
591.It Pa scrnmaps/
592console screen maps
593.El
594.It Pa tabset/
595tab description files for a variety of terminals; used in
596the termcap file;
597see
598.Xr termcap 5
599.It Pa tmac/
600text processing macros;
601see
602.Xr nroff 1
603and
604.Xr troff 1
605.It Pa vi/
606localization support and utilities for
607.Xr vi 1
608.It Pa zoneinfo/
609timezone configuration information;
610see
611.Xr tzfile 5
612.El
613.It Pa src/
614.Bx ,
615third-party, and/or local source files
616.Pp
617.Bl -tag -width ".Pa kerberos5/" -compact
618.It Pa bin/
619source code for files in /bin
620.It Pa contrib/
621source code for contributed software
622.It Pa crypto/
623source code for contributed cryptography software
624.It Pa etc/
625source code for files in /etc
626.It Pa games/
627source code for files in /usr/games
628.It Pa gnu/
629Utilities covered by the GNU General Public License
630.It Pa include/
631source code for files in /usr/include
632.It Pa kerberos5/
633build infrastructure for kerberos version 5
634.It Pa lib/
635source code for files in /usr/lib
636.It Pa libexec/
637source code for files in /usr/libexec
638.It Pa release/
639files required to produce a
640.Fx
641release
642.It Pa sbin/
643source code for files in /sbin
644.It Pa secure/
645build directory for files in /usr/src/crypto
646.It Pa share/
647source for files in /usr/share
648.It Pa sys/
649kernel source code
650.It Pa tools/
651tools used for maintenance and testing of
652.Fx
653.It Pa usr.bin/
654source code for files in /usr/bin
655.It Pa usr.sbin/
656source code for files in /usr/sbin
657.El
658.Pp
659.It Pa X11R6/
660X11R6 distribution executables, libraries, etc (optional).
661.Bl -tag -width ".Pa include/" -compact
662.It Pa bin/
663X11R6 binaries (servers, utilities, local packages/ports).
664.It Pa etc/
665X11R6 configuration files and scripts.
666.It Pa include/
667X11R6 include files.
668.It Pa lib/
669X11R6 libraries.
670.It Pa man/
671X11R6 manual pages.
672.It Pa share/
673architecture-independent files.
674.El
675.El
676.It Pa /var/
677multi-purpose log, temporary, transient, and spool files
678.Pp
679.Bl -tag -width ".Pa preserve/" -compact
680.It Pa account/
681system accounting files
682.Pp
683.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
684.It Pa acct
685execution accounting file;
686see
687.Xr acct 5
688.El
689.Pp
690.It Pa at/
691timed command scheduling files;
692see
693.Xr \&at 1
694.Bl -tag -width ".Pa preserve/" -compact
695.It Pa jobs/
696directory containing job files
697.It Pa spool/
698directory containing output spool files
699.El
700.Pp
701.It Pa backups/
| 568.It Pa snmp/
569MIBs, example files and tree definitions for the SNMP daemon.
570.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
571.It Pa defs/
572Tree definition files for use with
573.Xr gensnmptree 1
574.It Pa mibs/
575MIB files
576.El
577.It Pa syscons/
578files used by syscons;
579see
580.Xr syscons 4
581.Bl -tag -width ".Pa scrnmaps/" -compact
582.It Pa fonts/
583console fonts;
584see
585.Xr vidcontrol 1
586and
587.Xr vidfont 1
588.It Pa keymaps/
589console keyboard maps;
590see
591.Xr kbdcontrol 1
592and
593.Xr kbdmap 1
594.It Pa scrnmaps/
595console screen maps
596.El
597.It Pa tabset/
598tab description files for a variety of terminals; used in
599the termcap file;
600see
601.Xr termcap 5
602.It Pa tmac/
603text processing macros;
604see
605.Xr nroff 1
606and
607.Xr troff 1
608.It Pa vi/
609localization support and utilities for
610.Xr vi 1
611.It Pa zoneinfo/
612timezone configuration information;
613see
614.Xr tzfile 5
615.El
616.It Pa src/
617.Bx ,
618third-party, and/or local source files
619.Pp
620.Bl -tag -width ".Pa kerberos5/" -compact
621.It Pa bin/
622source code for files in /bin
623.It Pa contrib/
624source code for contributed software
625.It Pa crypto/
626source code for contributed cryptography software
627.It Pa etc/
628source code for files in /etc
629.It Pa games/
630source code for files in /usr/games
631.It Pa gnu/
632Utilities covered by the GNU General Public License
633.It Pa include/
634source code for files in /usr/include
635.It Pa kerberos5/
636build infrastructure for kerberos version 5
637.It Pa lib/
638source code for files in /usr/lib
639.It Pa libexec/
640source code for files in /usr/libexec
641.It Pa release/
642files required to produce a
643.Fx
644release
645.It Pa sbin/
646source code for files in /sbin
647.It Pa secure/
648build directory for files in /usr/src/crypto
649.It Pa share/
650source for files in /usr/share
651.It Pa sys/
652kernel source code
653.It Pa tools/
654tools used for maintenance and testing of
655.Fx
656.It Pa usr.bin/
657source code for files in /usr/bin
658.It Pa usr.sbin/
659source code for files in /usr/sbin
660.El
661.Pp
662.It Pa X11R6/
663X11R6 distribution executables, libraries, etc (optional).
664.Bl -tag -width ".Pa include/" -compact
665.It Pa bin/
666X11R6 binaries (servers, utilities, local packages/ports).
667.It Pa etc/
668X11R6 configuration files and scripts.
669.It Pa include/
670X11R6 include files.
671.It Pa lib/
672X11R6 libraries.
673.It Pa man/
674X11R6 manual pages.
675.It Pa share/
676architecture-independent files.
677.El
678.El
679.It Pa /var/
680multi-purpose log, temporary, transient, and spool files
681.Pp
682.Bl -tag -width ".Pa preserve/" -compact
683.It Pa account/
684system accounting files
685.Pp
686.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
687.It Pa acct
688execution accounting file;
689see
690.Xr acct 5
691.El
692.Pp
693.It Pa at/
694timed command scheduling files;
695see
696.Xr \&at 1
697.Bl -tag -width ".Pa preserve/" -compact
698.It Pa jobs/
699directory containing job files
700.It Pa spool/
701directory containing output spool files
702.El
703.Pp
704.It Pa backups/
|
702misc. backup files
| 705miscellaneous backup files
|
703.It Pa crash/
704default directory to store kernel crash dumps; see
705.Xr crash 8
706and
707.Xr savecore 8
708.It Pa cron/
709files used by cron;
710see
711.Xr cron 8
712.Bl -tag -width ".Pa preserve/" -compact
713.It Pa tabs/
714crontab files;
715see
716.Xr crontab 5
717.El
718.Pp
719.It Pa db/
| 706.It Pa crash/
707default directory to store kernel crash dumps; see
708.Xr crash 8
709and
710.Xr savecore 8
711.It Pa cron/
712files used by cron;
713see
714.Xr cron 8
715.Bl -tag -width ".Pa preserve/" -compact
716.It Pa tabs/
717crontab files;
718see
719.Xr crontab 5
720.El
721.Pp
722.It Pa db/
|
720misc. automatically generated system-specific database files
| 723miscellaneous automatically generated system-specific database files
|
721.It Pa empty/
722empty directory for use by programs that need a specifically empty directory.
723Used for instance by
724.Xr sshd 8
725for privilege separation.
726.It Pa games/
| 724.It Pa empty/
725empty directory for use by programs that need a specifically empty directory.
726Used for instance by
727.Xr sshd 8
728for privilege separation.
729.It Pa games/
|
727misc. game status and score files
| 730miscellaneous game status and score files
|
728.It Pa heimdal/
729kerberos server databases; see
730.Xr kdc 8
731.It Pa log/
| 731.It Pa heimdal/
732kerberos server databases; see
733.Xr kdc 8
734.It Pa log/
|
732misc. system log files
| 735miscellaneous system log files
|
733.Pp
734.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
735.It Pa wtmp
736login/logout log;
737see
738.Xr wtmp 5
739.El
740.Pp
741.It Pa mail/
742user mailbox files
743.It Pa msgs/
744system messages database;
745see
746.Xr msgs 1
747.It Pa preserve/
748temporary home of files preserved after an accidental death
749of an editor;
750see
751.Xr \&ex 1
752.It Pa quotas/
753file system quota information files
754.It Pa run/
755system information files describing various info about
756system since it was booted
757.Pp
758.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
759.It Pa named/
760writable by the
761.Dq bind
762user; see
763.Xr named 8
764.It Pa ppp/
765writable by the
766.Dq network
767group for command connection sockets; see
768.Xr ppp 8
769.It Pa utmp
770database of current users;
771see
772.Xr utmp 5
773.El
774.Pp
775.It Pa rwho/
776rwho data files;
777see
778.Xr rwhod 8 ,
779.Xr rwho 1 ,
780and
781.Xr ruptime 1
782.It Pa spool/
| 736.Pp
737.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
738.It Pa wtmp
739login/logout log;
740see
741.Xr wtmp 5
742.El
743.Pp
744.It Pa mail/
745user mailbox files
746.It Pa msgs/
747system messages database;
748see
749.Xr msgs 1
750.It Pa preserve/
751temporary home of files preserved after an accidental death
752of an editor;
753see
754.Xr \&ex 1
755.It Pa quotas/
756file system quota information files
757.It Pa run/
758system information files describing various info about
759system since it was booted
760.Pp
761.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
762.It Pa named/
763writable by the
764.Dq bind
765user; see
766.Xr named 8
767.It Pa ppp/
768writable by the
769.Dq network
770group for command connection sockets; see
771.Xr ppp 8
772.It Pa utmp
773database of current users;
774see
775.Xr utmp 5
776.El
777.Pp
778.It Pa rwho/
779rwho data files;
780see
781.Xr rwhod 8 ,
782.Xr rwho 1 ,
783and
784.Xr ruptime 1
785.It Pa spool/
|
783misc. printer and mail system spooling directories
| 786miscellaneous printer and mail system spooling directories
|
784.Pp
785.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
786.It Pa clientmqueue/
787undelivered submission mail queue;
788see
789.Xr sendmail 8
790.It Pa ftp/
791commonly ~ftp; the anonymous ftp root directory
792.It Pa mqueue/
793undelivered mail queue;
794see
795.Xr sendmail 8
796.It Pa output/
797line printer spooling directories
798.El
799.Pp
800.It Pa tmp/
801temporary files that are kept between system reboots
802.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
803.It Pa vi.recover/
804the directory where recovery files are stored
805.El
806.It Pa yp/
807the NIS maps
808.El
809.El
810.Sh NOTES
811This manual page documents the default
812.Fx
813file system layout, but
814the actual hierarchy on a given system is defined at the system
815administrator's discretion.
816A well-maintained installation will include a customized version of
817this document.
818.Sh SEE ALSO
819.Xr apropos 1 ,
820.Xr find 1 ,
821.Xr finger 1 ,
822.Xr grep 1 ,
823.Xr ls 1 ,
824.Xr whatis 1 ,
825.Xr whereis 1 ,
826.Xr which 1 ,
827.Xr fsck 8
828.Sh HISTORY
829A
830.Nm
831manual page appeared in
832.At v7 .
| 787.Pp
788.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
789.It Pa clientmqueue/
790undelivered submission mail queue;
791see
792.Xr sendmail 8
793.It Pa ftp/
794commonly ~ftp; the anonymous ftp root directory
795.It Pa mqueue/
796undelivered mail queue;
797see
798.Xr sendmail 8
799.It Pa output/
800line printer spooling directories
801.El
802.Pp
803.It Pa tmp/
804temporary files that are kept between system reboots
805.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
806.It Pa vi.recover/
807the directory where recovery files are stored
808.El
809.It Pa yp/
810the NIS maps
811.El
812.El
813.Sh NOTES
814This manual page documents the default
815.Fx
816file system layout, but
817the actual hierarchy on a given system is defined at the system
818administrator's discretion.
819A well-maintained installation will include a customized version of
820this document.
821.Sh SEE ALSO
822.Xr apropos 1 ,
823.Xr find 1 ,
824.Xr finger 1 ,
825.Xr grep 1 ,
826.Xr ls 1 ,
827.Xr whatis 1 ,
828.Xr whereis 1 ,
829.Xr which 1 ,
830.Xr fsck 8
831.Sh HISTORY
832A
833.Nm
834manual page appeared in
835.At v7 .
|