| bsdlabel.8 (91993) | bsdlabel.8 (94803) |
|---|---|
| 1.\" Copyright (c) 1987, 1988, 1991, 1993 2.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 3.\" 4.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by 5.\" Symmetric Computer Systems. 6.\" 7.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 8.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions --- 19 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 28.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 29.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 30.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 31.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 32.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 33.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 34.\" 35.\" @(#)disklabel.8 8.2 (Berkeley) 4/19/94 | 1.\" Copyright (c) 1987, 1988, 1991, 1993 2.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 3.\" 4.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by 5.\" Symmetric Computer Systems. 6.\" 7.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 8.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions --- 19 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 28.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 29.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 30.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 31.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 32.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 33.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 34.\" 35.\" @(#)disklabel.8 8.2 (Berkeley) 4/19/94 |
| 36.\" $FreeBSD: head/sbin/bsdlabel/bsdlabel.8 91993 2002-03-10 09:10:06Z dd $ | 36.\" $FreeBSD: head/sbin/bsdlabel/bsdlabel.8 94803 2002-04-15 22:24:34Z trhodes $ |
| 37.\" 38.Dd July 30, 1999 39.Dt DISKLABEL 8 40.Os 41.Sh NAME 42.Nm disklabel 43.Nd read and write disk pack label 44.Sh SYNOPSIS --- 54 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 99the label, it can be used to change the drive identification, the disk 100partitions on the drive, or to replace a damaged label. There are several forms 101of the command that read (display), install or edit the label on a disk. In 102addition, 103.Nm 104can install bootstrap code. 105.Ss Raw or in-core label 106.Pp | 37.\" 38.Dd July 30, 1999 39.Dt DISKLABEL 8 40.Os 41.Sh NAME 42.Nm disklabel 43.Nd read and write disk pack label 44.Sh SYNOPSIS --- 54 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 99the label, it can be used to change the drive identification, the disk 100partitions on the drive, or to replace a damaged label. There are several forms 101of the command that read (display), install or edit the label on a disk. In 102addition, 103.Nm 104can install bootstrap code. 105.Ss Raw or in-core label 106.Pp |
| 107The disk label is resident close to or at the beginning of each disk partition. | 107The disk label resides close to or at the beginning of each disk slice. |
| 108For faster access, the kernel maintains a copy in core at all times. By 109default, most 110.Nm 111access the in-core copy of the label. To access the raw (on-disk) copy, use the 112.Fl r 113option. This option allows a label to be installed on a disk without kernel 114support for a label, such as when labels are first installed on a system; it 115must be used when first installing a label on a disk. The specific effect of 116.Fl r 117is described under each command. 118.Pp 119.Ss Disk device name 120.Pp 121All 122.Nm 123forms require a disk device name, which should always be the raw 124device name representing the disk or slice. For example 125.Pa da0 | 108For faster access, the kernel maintains a copy in core at all times. By 109default, most 110.Nm 111access the in-core copy of the label. To access the raw (on-disk) copy, use the 112.Fl r 113option. This option allows a label to be installed on a disk without kernel 114support for a label, such as when labels are first installed on a system; it 115must be used when first installing a label on a disk. The specific effect of 116.Fl r 117is described under each command. 118.Pp 119.Ss Disk device name 120.Pp 121All 122.Nm 123forms require a disk device name, which should always be the raw 124device name representing the disk or slice. For example 125.Pa da0 |
| 126represents the entire disk irregardless of any DOS partitioning, | 126represents the entire disk regardless of any DOS partitioning, |
| 127and 128.Pa da0s1 129represents a slice. Some devices, most notably 130.Ar ccd , 131require that the 132.Dq whole-disk 133(or 134.Dq c ) --- 105 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 240will produce a reasonable configuration. 241.Pp 242PC-based systems have special requirements in order for the BIOS to properly 243recognize a 244.Fx 245disklabel. Older systems may require what is known as a 246.Dq dangerously dedicated 247disklabel, which creates a fake DOS partition to work around problems older | 127and 128.Pa da0s1 129represents a slice. Some devices, most notably 130.Ar ccd , 131require that the 132.Dq whole-disk 133(or 134.Dq c ) --- 105 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 240will produce a reasonable configuration. 241.Pp 242PC-based systems have special requirements in order for the BIOS to properly 243recognize a 244.Fx 245disklabel. Older systems may require what is known as a 246.Dq dangerously dedicated 247disklabel, which creates a fake DOS partition to work around problems older |
| 248BIOSes have with modern disk geometries. On newer systems you generally want 249to create a normal DOS slice using | 248BIOSes have with modern disk geometries. 249On newer systems you generally want 250to create a normal DOS partition using |
| 250.Ar fdisk 251and then create a 252.Fx 253disklabel within that slice. This is described 254later on in this page. 255.Pp 256Installing a new disklabel does not in of itself allow your system to boot 257a kernel using that label. You must also install boot blocks, which is --- 66 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 324.Fl N 325.Ar disk 326.Ss Installing bootstraps 327.Pp 328The final three forms of 329.Nm 330are used to install bootstrap code. If you are creating a 331.Dq dangerously-dedicated | 251.Ar fdisk 252and then create a 253.Fx 254disklabel within that slice. This is described 255later on in this page. 256.Pp 257Installing a new disklabel does not in of itself allow your system to boot 258a kernel using that label. You must also install boot blocks, which is --- 66 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 325.Fl N 326.Ar disk 327.Ss Installing bootstraps 328.Pp 329The final three forms of 330.Nm 331are used to install bootstrap code. If you are creating a 332.Dq dangerously-dedicated |
| 332partition for compatibility with older PC systems, | 333slice for compatibility with older PC systems, |
| 333you generally want to specify the raw disk name such as 334.Pa da0 . | 334you generally want to specify the raw disk name such as 335.Pa da0 . |
| 335If you are creating a label within an existing DOS slice, you should specify 336the slice name such as 337.Pa da0s1 . 338Making a partition bootable can be tricky. If you are using a normal DOS | 336If you are creating a label within an existing DOS slice, 337you should specify 338the partition name such as 339.Pa da0s1a . 340Making a slice bootable can be tricky. If you are using a normal DOS |
| 339slice you typically install (or leave) a standard MBR on the base disk and 340then install the 341.Fx 342bootblocks in the slice. 343.Pp 344.Nm 345.Fl B 346.Oo --- 102 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 449To initialize a disk from scratch the following sequence is recommended. 450Please note that this will wipe everything that was previously on the disk, 451including any 452.No non- Ns Fx 453slices. 454.Bl -enum 455.It 456Use | 341slice you typically install (or leave) a standard MBR on the base disk and 342then install the 343.Fx 344bootblocks in the slice. 345.Pp 346.Nm 347.Fl B 348.Oo --- 102 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 451To initialize a disk from scratch the following sequence is recommended. 452Please note that this will wipe everything that was previously on the disk, 453including any 454.No non- Ns Fx 455slices. 456.Bl -enum 457.It 458Use |
| 457.Ar fdisk 458to initialize the DOS partition table, creating a real whole-disk slice to 459hold the 460.Fx 461disklabel, and installing a master boot record. | 459.Xr fdisk 8 460to initialize the hard disk, and create a slice table, referred to 461as the partition table in DOS. 462Here you will define disk slices for your system. |
| 462.It 463Use | 463.It 464Use |
| 464.Ar disklabel 465to initialize a virgin 466.Fx 467disklabel and install 468.Fx 469boot blocks. | 465.Xr disklabel 8 466to define and write partitions and mount points. 467You are not required to define the mount points here though, 468they can be defined later using 469.Xr mount 8 . |
| 470.It | 470.It |
| 471Use 472.Ar disklabel 473to edit your newly created label, adding appropriate partitions. 474.It 475Finally newfs the filesystem partitions you created in the label. A typical 476disklabel partitioning scheme would be to have an | 471Finally use 472.Xr newfs 8 473to create a filesystem on the new partition. 474A typical partitioning scheme would be to have an |
| 477.Dq a 478partition 479of approximately 128MB to hold the root filesystem, a 480.Dq b 481partition for 482swap, a 483.Dq d 484partition for /var (usually 128MB), an --- 272 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 757Install a new bootstrap on 758.Pa da0s1 . 759The boot code comes from 760.Pa /boot/boot1 761and possibly 762.Pa /boot/boot2 . 763On-disk and in-core labels are unchanged. 764.Pp | 475.Dq a 476partition 477of approximately 128MB to hold the root filesystem, a 478.Dq b 479partition for 480swap, a 481.Dq d 482partition for /var (usually 128MB), an --- 272 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 755Install a new bootstrap on 756.Pa da0s1 . 757The boot code comes from 758.Pa /boot/boot1 759and possibly 760.Pa /boot/boot2 . 761On-disk and in-core labels are unchanged. 762.Pp |
| 765.Dl disklabel -w -B /dev/da0s1 -b newboot1 -s newboot da2212 | 763.Dl disklabel -w -B /dev/da0s1 -b newboot1 -s newboot2 da2212 |
| 766.Pp 767Install a new label and bootstrap. 768The label is derived from disktab information for 769.Dq da2212 770and installed both in-core and on-disk. 771The bootstrap code comes from the files 772.Pa /boot/newboot1 773and --- 126 unchanged lines hidden --- | 764.Pp 765Install a new label and bootstrap. 766The label is derived from disktab information for 767.Dq da2212 768and installed both in-core and on-disk. 769The bootstrap code comes from the files 770.Pa /boot/newboot1 771and --- 126 unchanged lines hidden --- |