68 69 <para>Many additional changes were made to &os; that are not listed 70 here for lack of space. For example, documentation was corrected 71 and improved, minor bugs were fixed, insecure coding practices 72 were audited and corrected, and source code was cleaned up.</para> 73 74 <sect2 id="kernel"> 75 <title>Kernel Changes</title> 76 77 <para arch="i386" role="historic">The &man.amdpm.4; driver has been added to 78 provide access to the system monitoring functions of the AMD 756 79 chipset. &merged;</para> 80 81 <para role="historic">The &man.agp.4; driver for AGP devices has been 82 added. &merged;</para> 83 84 <para>A new &man.ddb.4; command <command>show pcpu</command> lists 85 some of the per-CPU data.</para> 86 87 <para role="historic">Two new &man.ddb.4; commands, <command>hwatch</command> and 88 <command>dhwatch</command>, have been introduced. Analogous to 89 <command>watch</command> and <command>dwatch</command>, they 90 install hardware watchpoints (as opposed to software 91 watchpoints) if supported by the architecture. &merged;</para> 92 93 <para>&man.devfs.5;, which allows entries in the 94 <filename>/dev</filename> directory to be built automatically 95 and supports more flexible attachment of devices, has been 96 largely reworked. &man.devfs.5; is now enabled by default and 97 can be disabled by the <literal>NODEVFS</literal> kernel 98 option.</para> 99 100 <para>The dgm driver has been removed in favor of the digi driver.</para> 101 102 <para>A new digi driver has been added to support PCI Xr-based and 103 ISA Xem Digiboard cards. A new &man.digictl.8; program is 104 (mainly) used to re-initialize cards that have external port 105 modules attached such as the PC/Xem.</para> 106 107 <para>An &man.eaccess.2; system call has been added, similar to 108 &man.access.2; except that the former uses effective credentials 109 rather than real credentials.</para> 110 111 <para arch="sparc64">Support has been added for EBus-based 112 devices.</para> 113 114 <para arch="i386" role="historic">The &man.ichsmb.4; driver for the Intel 82801AA 115 (ICH) SMBus controller and compatibles has been 116 added. &merged;</para> 117 118 <para>Each &man.jail.2; environment can now run under its own 119 securelevel.</para> 120 121 <para>The tunable sysctl variables for &man.jail.2; have moved 122 from <varname>jail.*</varname> to the 123 <varname>security.*</varname> hierarchy. Other security-related 124 sysctl variables have moved from <varname>kern.security.*</varname> to 125 <varname>security.*</varname>.</para> 126 127 <para role="historic">The <varname>kern.maxvnodes</varname> limit now properly 128 limits the number of vnodes in use. Previously only vnodes with 129 no cached pages could be freed; this could allow the number of 130 vnodes to grow without limit on large-memory machines accessing 131 many small files. A <literal>vnlru</literal> kernel thread 132 helps to flush and reuse vnodes. &merged;</para> 133 134 <para role="historic">The kernel message buffer is now accessible by the 135 (machine-independent) <varname>kern.msgbuf</varname> sysctl 136 variable; &man.dmesg.8; no longer needs to be SGID 137 <groupname>kmem</groupname>. &merged;</para> 138 139 <para>The kernel environment is now dynamic, and can be changed 140 via the new &man.kenv.2; system call.</para> 141 142 <para role="historic">The &man.kqueue.2; event notification facility was added to 143 the &os; kernel. This is a new interface which is able to 144 replace &man.poll.2;/&man.select.2;, offering improved 145 performance, as well as the ability to report many different 146 types of events. Support for monitoring changes in sockets, 147 pipes, fifos, and files are present, as well as for signals and 148 processes. &merged;</para> 149 150 <para arch="i386,pc98" role="historic">A new <varname>KVA_SPACE</varname> kernel option 151 can be used to reconfigure the size of the kernel virtual 152 address space. &merged;</para> 153 154 <para>The labpc(4) driver has been removed due to 155 <quote>bitrot</quote>.</para> 156 157 <para>The loader and kernel linker now look for files named 158 <filename>linker.hints</filename> in each directory with KLDs 159 for a module name and version to KLD filename mapping. The new 160 &man.kldxref.8; utility is used to generate these files.</para> 161 162 <para role="historic">Linux emulation now supports the kernel functionality 163 required by the 164 <filename role="package">emulators/linux_base</filename> 165 (RedHat 7.X emulation) port. &merged;</para> 166 167 <para role="historic">Linux emulation now requires <literal>options 168 SYSVSEM</literal> in the kernel configuration. &merged;</para> 169 170 <para>&man.lomac.4;, a Low-Watermark Mandatory Access Control 171 security facility, has been added as a kernel module. It 172 provides a drop-in security mechanism in addition to the 173 traditional UID-based security facilities, requiring no 174 additional configuration from the administrator. Work on this 175 feature was sponsored by DARPA and NAI Labs.</para> 176 177 <para role="historic">The <varname>maxusers</varname> kernel configuration 178 parameter is now a boot-time tunable variable. The kernel 179 parameters derived from <varname>maxusers</varname> are now also 180 tunables and can be overridden at boot-time. The 181 <varname>hz</varname> parameter is also now a 182 tunable. &merged;</para> 183 184 <para role="historic">Specifying a value of <literal>0</literal> for the 185 <varname>maxusers</varname> kernel configuration parameter will 186 now cause an appropriate value to be calculated at boot-time 187 (between 32 and 384, depending on the amount of memory present). 188 This value is now the default for all 189 <filename>GENERIC</filename> kernels. &merged;</para> 190 191 <para arch="alpha" role="historic">A <varname>MAXMEM</varname> kernel option, 192 along with the <varname>hw.physmem</varname> loader tunable, can 193 be used to artificially reduce the memory size of a machine for 194 testing (or other purposes). &merged;</para> 195 196 <para role="historic">The kernel configuration parameters 197 <varname>MAXTSIZ</varname>, <varname>DFLDSIZ</varname>, 198 <varname>MAXDSIZ</varname>, <varname>DFLSSIZ</varname>, 199 <varname>MAXSSIZ</varname>, and <varname>SGROWSIZ</varname> are 200 all loader tunables (<varname>kern.maxtsiz</varname>, 201 <varname>kern.maxdfldsiz</varname>, etc.). &merged;</para> 202 203 <para>&man.mutex.9; profiling code has been added, enabled by the 204 <literal>MUTEX_PROFILING</literal> kernel configuration option. 205 It enables the <varname>debug.mutex.prof.*</varname> hierarchy 206 of sysctl variables.</para> 207 208 <para arch="i386,pc98" role="historic">The <literal>NCPU</literal>, 209 <literal>NAPIC</literal>, <literal>NBUS</literal>, and 210 <literal>NINTR</literal> kernel configuration options, 211 for configuring SMP kernels, have been removed. 212 <literal>NCPU</literal> is now set to a maximum of 16, 213 and the other, aforementioned options are now 214 dynamic. &merged;</para> 215 216 <para role="historic">A &man.nmdm.4; null-modem terminal driver has been added. 217 &merged;</para> 218 219 <para role="historic">The <literal>O_DIRECT</literal> flag has been added to 220 &man.open.2; and &man.fcntl.2;. Specifying this flag for open 221 files will attempt to minimize the cache effects of reading and 222 writing. &merged;</para> 223 224 <para role="historic">An &man.orm.4; device has been added to claim the option 225 ROMs in the ISA memory I/O space, to prevent other drivers from 226 mistakenly assigning addresses that conflict with these 227 ROMs. &merged;</para> 228 229 <para arch="i386,pc98">PECOFF (Win32 Execution file format) support has 230 been added.</para> 231 232 <para arch="pc98" role="historic">The pmc driver, which supports the power 233 management controller of the NEC PC-98NOTE, has been 234 added. &merged;</para> 235 236 <para role="historic">POSIX.1b Shared Memory Objects are now supported. The 237 implementation uses regular files, but automatically enables the 238 MAP_NOSYNC flag when they are &man.mmap.2;-ed. &merged;</para> 239 240 <para role="historic">Replaced the <literal>PQ_*CACHE</literal> options with a 241 single <literal>PQ_CACHESIZE</literal> option to be set to the 242 cache size in kilobytes. The old options are still supported 243 for backwards compatibility. &merged;</para> 244 245 <para arch="i386" role="historic">The &man.puc.4; (PCI <quote>Universal</quote> 246 Communications) driver has been added, to help connect PCI-based 247 serial ports to the &man.sio.4; driver. &merged;</para> 248 249 <para>The &man.random.4; device has been rewritten to use the 250 <application>Yarrow</application> algorithm. It harvests 251 entropy from a variety of interrupt sources, including the 252 console devices, Ethernet and point-to-point network interfaces, 253 and mass-storage devices. Entropy from the &man.random.4; 254 device is now periodically saved to files in 255 <filename>/var/db/entropy</filename>, as well as at shutdown 256 time. The semantics of <filename>/dev/random</filename> have 257 changed; it never blocks waiting for entropy bits but generates 258 a stream of pseudo-random data and now behaves exactly as 259 <filename>/dev/urandom</filename>.</para> 260 261 <para>A new kernel option, <literal>options REGRESSION</literal>, 262 enables interfaces and functionality intended for use during 263 correctness and regression testing.</para> 264 265 <para arch="sparc64">Support has been added for SBus-based 266 devices.</para> 267 268 <para arch="sparc64">The se driver, which supports the Siemens 269 SAB82532 serial chip found on many newer Sparc Ultra machines, 270 has been added.</para> 271 272 <para role="historic">The &man.snp.4; device is no longer static and can now be 273 compiled as a module. &merged;</para> 274 275 <para arch="i386" role="historic">The &man.spic.4; driver, which provides access 276 to the Jog Dial device on some Sony laptops, has been 277 added. &man.moused.8; support for this device has also been 278 added. &merged;</para> 279 280 <para>The &man.syscons.4; driver now supports keyboard-controlled 281 pasting, by default bound to 282 <keycap>Shift</keycap>-<keycap>Insert</keycap>.</para> 283 284 <para role="historic">Support for USB devices was added to the 285 <filename>GENERIC</filename> kernel and to the installation 286 programs to support USB devices out of the box. Note that SRM 287 does not support USB devices at the moment, so you must still 288 use an AT keyboard if you are not using a serial 289 console. &merged;</para> 290 291 <para arch="i386,pc98" role="historic">The &man.umodem.4; driver for USB modems 292 has been added. Support is provided for the 3Com 5605 and 293 Metricom Ricochet GS wireless USB modems. &merged;</para> 294 295 <para arch="i386,pc98" role="historic">The &man.uscanner.4; driver for basic USB 296 scanner support using SANE has been added. See <ulink 297 url="http://www.mostang.com/sane/">the SANE home page</ulink> 298 for supported scanners. The HP ScanJet 4100C, 5200C and 6300C 299 are known to be working. &merged;</para> 300 301 <para>The &man.ucom.4; device driver has been added, to support USB 302 modems, serial devices, and other programs that need to look 303 like a tty. The related &man.uplcom.4; and &man.uvscom.4; drivers provide specific 304 support for the Prolific PL-2303 serial adapter and the SUNTAC 305 Slipper U VS-10U, respectively.</para> 306 307 <para>To increase security, the <literal>UCONSOLE</literal> kernel 308 configuration option has been removed.</para> 309 310 <para arch="i386,pc98">The UserConfig boot-time kernel configuration 311 feature, usually used to enable, disable, or configure ISA 312 devices, has been removed. Its functionality has been replaced 313 by the kernel hints file in 314 <filename>/boot/device.hints</filename>.</para> 315 316 <para>The <literal>USER_LDT</literal> kernel option is now 317 activated by default.</para> 318 319 <para>A VESA S3 linear framebuffer driver has been added.</para> 320 321 <para arch="i386" role="historic">The &man.viapm.4; driver for VIA SMBus 322 power management controllers has been added. &merged;</para> 323 324 <!-- Above this line, sort kernel changes by manpage/keyword--> 325 326 <para role="historic">Write combining for crashdumps has been implemented. This 327 feature is useful when write caching is disabled on both SCSI 328 and IDE disks, where large memory dumps could take up to an hour 329 to complete. &merged;</para> 330 331 <para>The kernel crashdump infrastructure has been revised, to 332 support new platforms and in general clean up the logic in the 333 code. One implication of this change is that the on-disk format 334 for kernel dumps has changed, and is now 335 byte-order-agnostic.</para> 336 337 <para>Extremely large swap areas (>67 GB) no longer panic the 338 system.</para> 339 340 <para arch="alpha">Support for threads under Linux emulation has 341 been added.</para> 342 343 <para role="historic">The <maketarget>buildkernel</maketarget> target now gets the 344 name of the configuration(s) to build from the 345 <varname>KERNCONF</varname> variable, not 346 <varname>KERNEL</varname>. It is no longer required, in some 347 cases, for a <maketarget>buildworld</maketarget> to precede a 348 <maketarget>buildkernel</maketarget>. (The 349 <maketarget>buildworld</maketarget> is still required when 350 upgrading across major releases, across 351 <application>binutil</application> updates and when 352 &man.config.8; changes version.) &merged;</para> 353 354 <para role="historic">The out-of-swap process termination code now begins killing 355 processes earlier to avoid deadlocks; it now also takes into 356 account the swap space used by processes when computing the 357 process sizes. &merged;</para> 358 359 <para>Linker sets are now self-contained; gensetdefs(8) is 360 unnecessary and has been removed.</para> 361 362 <para role="historic">Network device cloning has been implemented, and the 363 &man.gif.4; device has been modified to take advantage of it. 364 Thus, instead of specifying how many &man.gif.4; interfaces are 365 available in kernel configuration files, &man.ifconfig.8;'s 366 <option>create</option> option should be used when another device 367 instance is desired. &merged;</para> 368 369 <para>It is now possible to hardwire kernel environment variables 370 (such as tuneables) at compile-time using &man.config.8;'s 371 <literal>ENV</literal> directive.</para> 372 373 <para>Idle zeroing of pages can be enabled with the 374 <varname>vm.idlezero_enable</varname> sysctl variable.</para> 375 376 <para arch="i386,pc98" role="historic">The load addresses of kernels are now exported 377 to the symbol table and various hard-coded constants have been 378 removed so that utilities such as &man.ps.1; can work with 379 kernels compiled at different addresses. &merged;</para> 380 381 <para role="historic">Coredumps of large processes (or of a large number of 382 processes) no longer lock up the machine for long periods of 383 time. &merged;</para> 384 385 <para>The Kernel-Scheduled Entity project has made changes to the 386 kernel scheduler to more efficiently handle multi-threaded 387 programs.</para> 388 389 <para>The kernel now has support for multiple low-level console 390 devices. The new &man.conscontrol.8; utility helps to manage 391 the different consoles.</para> 392 393 <para arch="alpha">The console driver has gained support for 394 TGA-based display adapters.</para> 395 396 <para role="historic">The kernel on the installation CDs is now separated from the 397 <filename>mfsroot</filename> image. This permits the use of a 398 full kernel when installing from CD on machines that support CD 399 booting (instead of the stripped-down kernel used on 400 floppies). &merged;</para> 401 402 <para role="historic">The system load average computation now adds some jitter to 403 the timing of samples, in order to avoid synchronization with 404 processes that run periodically. &merged;</para> 405 406 <para role="historic">If a debugging kernel with modules is being built 407 (i.e. using <literal>makeoptions DEBUG=-g</literal>), the 408 modules will now be built with debugging support as well, for 409 completeness. A side effect of this change is that modules 410 built and installed with debugging kernels will now occupy more 411 space on disk than they did previously. &merged;</para> 412 413 <para role="historic">The kernel dump device can now be set via the 414 <varname>dumpdev</varname> loader tunable. As a result, it is 415 now possible to obtain crash dumps from panics during the late 416 stages of kernel initialization (before the system enters into 417 single-user mode). &merged;</para> 418 419 <para>The kernel memory allocator is now a slab memory allocator, 420 similar to that used in Solaris. This is a SMP-safe memory 421 allocator that has near-linear performance as the number of CPUs 422 increases. It also allows for reduced memory 423 fragmentation.</para> 424 425 <sect3> 426 <title>Processor/Motherboard Support</title> 427 428 <para>SMP support has been largely reworked, incorporating code 429 from BSD/OS 5.0. One of the main features of SMPng 430 (<quote>SMP Next Generation</quote>) is to allow more 431 processes to run in kernel, without the need for spin locks 432 that can dramatically reduce the efficiency of multiple 433 processors. Interrupt handlers now have contexts associated 434 with them that allow them to be blocked, which reduces the 435 need to lock out interrupts.</para> 436 437 <para arch="i386,pc98">Support for the 80386 processor has been 438 removed from the <filename>GENERIC</filename> kernel, as this 439 code seriously pessimizes performance on other IA32 440 processors. 441 The <literal>I386_CPU</literal> kernel option 442 to support the 80386 processor is now mutually exclusive with 443 support for other IA32 processors; this should slightly 444 improve performance on the 80386 due to the elimination of 445 runtime processor type checks. 446 Custom kernels that will run on the 80386 can 447 still be built by changing the cpu options in the kernel 448 configuration file to only include 449 <literal>I386_CPU</literal>.</para> 450 451 <para arch="alpha" role="historic">AlphaServer 1200 (<quote>Tincup</quote>) has 452 been tested and works OK. Currently it does not want to boot 453 from CD or floppy but a transplanted disk that was installed 454 on another Alpha works well. &merged;</para> 455 456 <para arch="alpha">The API UP1100 mainboard has been verified to 457 work.</para> 458 459 <para arch="alpha">The API CS20 1U high server has been verified 460 to work.</para> 461 462 <para arch="alpha">The DEC3000 series support has been removed 463 from the mfsroot floppy image so that it fits on a 1.44 Mbyte 464 floppy again. As the DEC3000 is currently only usable diskless 465 this should not cause any problems.</para> 466 467 <para arch="alpha">Support for AlphaServer 2100A 468 (<quote>Lynx</quote>) has been added.</para> 469 470 <para arch="alpha">Kernel code has been added that allows older 471 generation Alpha CPUs (EV4 and EV5) to emulate instructions of 472 the newer Alpha CPU generations. This enables the use of 473 binary-only programs like <application>Adobe Acrobat 474 4</application> on EV4 and EV5.</para> 475 476 <para arch="alpha">SMP support for the Alpha is now operational.</para> 477 478 <para arch="i386" role="historic">Detection for new processors, such as the 479 FC-PGA2 Pentium III (Tualatin), Transmeta Crusoe, and 480 Transmeta Crusoe LongRun, has been added. &merged;</para> 481 482 <para arch="alpha">Support for the following hardware has been 483 removed from the installation kernel to make it fit on a 484 1.44MB floppy again: Multia, NoName, PC64, EB64, Aspen Alpine, 485 sa (SCSI tape), amr, parallel port support, vx (3c590, 3c595), 486 pcn (AMD Am79C97x PCI 10/100), sf (Adaptec AIC-6915), sis (SiS 487 900/SiS 7016), ste (Sundance ST201 (D-Link DFE-550TX)), wb 488 (Winbond W89C840F).</para> 489 490 <para arch="i386" role="historic">Support for Streaming <acronym>SIMD</acronym> 491 Extensions (<acronym>SSE</acronym>) has been introduced. The 492 <literal>CPU_ENABLE_SSE</literal> kernel option controls 493 whether support is compiled into the kernel. &merged;</para> 494 495 <para arch="i386" role="historic">The <literal>CPU_ATHLON_SSE_HACK</literal> 496 kernel option has been added, which attempts to enable the SSE 497 feature bit on newer Athlon CPUs if the BIOS has forgotten to 498 enable it. &merged;</para> 499 500 <para arch="sparc64">The UltraSPARC platform is now supported by 501 &os;. The following machines are supported to at least some 502 degree: Ultra 1/2/5/10/30/60, Enterprise 220R/420R, Netra T1 AC200/DC200, Netra T 105, and Blade 503 100. SMP is supported, and has been tested on the 504 Ultra 2, Ultra 60, Enterprise 220R, and 505 Enterprise 420R.</para> 506 507 <para arch="i386" role="historic">On some systems, the BIOS does not activate 508 the I/O ports and memory of PC devices, thus making them 509 unusable. The <literal>PCI_ENABLE_IO_MODES</literal> kernel 510 option forces &os; to enable these devices so that they can be 511 used. &merged;</para> 512 513 </sect3> 514 515 <sect3> 516 <title>Bootloader Changes</title> 517 518 <para arch="i386" role="historic"><filename>boot2</filename> now supports a 519 <option>-n</option> option to disallow boot interruption by 520 keypresses. &merged;</para> 521 522 <para arch="i386" role="historic">A new <filename>cdboot</filename> bootstrap 523 utility for CDROMs provides better compatability with some 524 BIOS implementations that do not completely implement the El 525 Torito bootable CDROM standard. This boot loader supports 526 <quote>no emulation</quote> mode booting, thus eliminating the 527 need for an emulated floppy disk image on a bootable 528 CDROM. &merged;</para> 529 530 <para arch="i386,pc98" role="historic">The i386 boot loader now has support for a 531 <literal>nullconsole</literal> console type, for use on 532 systems with neither a video console nor a serial 533 port. &merged;</para> 534 535 <para arch="i386,pc98" role="historic">The &man.loader.8; now has optional support 536 (enabled at compile-time, off by default) for loading 537 <application>bzip2</application>-compressed kernels and 538 modules. &merged;</para> 539 540 <para arch="i386" role="historic">Support for Intel's Wired for Management 2.0 541 (PXE) was added to the &os; boot loader. Due to API 542 differences, the older PXE versions are not supported. This 543 allow network booting using DHCP. &merged;</para> 544 545 <!-- Above this line, order bootloader changes by keyword--> 546 547 <para arch="i386" role="historic">The &os; boot loader now contains a workaround 548 to support CDROM booting on certain IBM BIOSs that expect the 549 first sector of the emulated floppy to contain a valid MS-DOS 550 BPB that they can modify. &merged;</para> 551 552 <para arch="i386,pc98" role="historic">The &os; boot loader now supports a 553 <option>-p</option> flag to force the kernel to pause after 554 each line of output during the probing phase. &merged;</para> 555 556 <para arch="alpha,i386" role="historic">The &os; boot loader is now capable of 557 booting from filesystems with block sizes larger than 558 8K. &merged;</para> 559 560 <para>The kernel and modules have been moved to the directory 561 <filename>/boot/kernel</filename>, so they can be easily 562 manipulated together. The boot loader has been updated to 563 make this change as seamless as possible.</para> 564 </sect3> 565 566 <sect3> 567 <title>Network Interface Support</title> 568 569 <para role="historic">The &man.an.4; driver for Cisco Aironet cards now supports 570 Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) encryption, settable via 571 &man.ancontrol.8;. &merged;</para> 572 573 <para role="historic">The &man.an.4; driver now supports the Cisco Aironet 350 574 series of adaptors. &merged;</para> 575 576 <para role="historic">The &man.an.4; driver now supports <quote>monitor</quote> 577 mode, settable via the <option>-M</option> option to 578 &man.ancontrol.8;. &merged;</para> 579 580 <para role="historic">The &man.an.4; driver now supports Cisco LEAP, as well as 581 the <quote>Home</quote> WEP key. The Linux Aironet utilities 582 are now supported under emulation. &merged;</para> 583 584 <para arch="i386,pc98" role="historic">Generic support for ARCNET token-based 585 networks has been added. &merged;</para> 586 587 <para arch="i386,pc98" role="historic">The &man.bge.4; driver has been added to 588 support the Broadcom BCM570x family of Gigabit Ethernet 589 controllers, including the 3Com 3c996-T, the SysKonnect 590 SK-9D21 and SK-9D41, and the built-in Gigabit Ethernet NICs on 591 Dell PowerEdge 2550 servers. Output TCP/IP checksum offload, 592 jumbo frames and VLAN tag insertion/stripping are supported, 593 as well as interrupt moderation. &merged;</para> 594 595 <para arch="i386" role="historic">The cm driver has been added to support SMC 596 COM90cx6 ARCNET network adapters. &merged;</para> 597 598 <para>The &man.dc.4; driver now supports NICs based on the Xircom 599 3201 and Conexant LANfinity RS7112 chips.</para> 600 601 <para role="historic">The &man.dc.4; driver now has support for 602 VLANs. &merged;</para> 603 604 <para role="historic">The &man.de.4; driver now performs round-robin arbitration 605 between the transmit and receive units of the 21143, instead 606 of giving priority to the receive unit. This gives a 607 10–15% performance improvement in the forwarding rate 608 under heavy load. &merged;</para> 609 610 <para arch="alpha">The &man.ed.4; driver is now supported.</para> 611 612 <para arch="i386,pc98" role="historic">Linksys Fast Ethernet PCCARD cards supported 613 by the &man.ed.4; driver now require the addition of flag 614 <literal>0x80000</literal> to their config line in 615 &man.pccard.conf.5;. This flag is not optional. These 616 Linksys cards will not be recognized without 617 it. &merged;</para> 618 619 <para role="historic">A bug in the &man.ed.4; driver that could cause panics 620 with very short packets and BPF or bridging active has been 621 fixed. &merged;</para> 622 623 <para role="historic">The &man.ed.4; driver now has support for D-Link DL10022 624 chips, necessary for the NetGear FA-410TX and other cards. As 625 a result, <literal>device miibus</literal> is required in 626 kernel configurations using the &man.ed.4; 627 driver. &merged;</para> 628 629 <para arch="i386">The &man.el.4; driver can now be loaded as a 630 module.</para> 631 632 <para arch="i386,pc98" role="historic">The &man.em.4; driver has been added to 633 support NICs based on the Intel 82542, 82543, and 82544 634 Gigabit Ethernet controller chips. The driver supports 635 transmit/receive checksum offload and jumbo frames on 82543 636 and 82544-based adapters. &merged;</para> 637 638 <para role="historic">The &man.faith.4; device is now loadable, unloadable, and 639 clonable. &merged;</para> 640 641 <para arch="i386,pc98" role="historic">Support for Fujitsu MB86960A/MB86965A based 642 Ethernet PC-Cards has been added back in the &man.fe.4; 643 driver. &merged;</para> 644 645 <para arch="alpha" role="historic">The &man.fpa.4; driver now supports Digital's 646 DEFPA FDDI adaptors on the Alpha. &merged;</para> 647 648 <para role="historic">The &man.fxp.4; driver now requires a <literal>device 649 miibus</literal> entry in the kernel configuration 650 file. &merged;</para> 651 652 <para role="historic">The &man.fxp.4; driver now contains a workaround for PCI 653 protocol violations caused by defects in some systems based on 654 the Intel ICH2/ICH2-M chip. The workaround is to rewrite the 655 EEPROM on the interface to disable Dynamic Standby Mode; once 656 the EEPROM is rewritten, the system needs to be rebooted for 657 the new settings to take effect. &merged;</para> 658 659 <para role="historic">The &man.fxp.4; driver now supports Intel's loadable 660 microcode to implement receive-side interrupt coalescing and 661 packet bundling, on NICs that support these features. This 662 support can be activated by the use of the 663 <option>link0</option> option to 664 &man.ifconfig.8;. &merged;</para> 665 666 <para arch="sparc64">The gem driver has been added to support 667 the Sun GEM Gigabit Ethernet and ERI Fast Ethernet 668 adapters.</para> 669 670 <para role="historic">The &man.gx.4; driver has been added to support NICs based 671 on the Intel 82542 and 82543 Gigabit Ethernet controller 672 chips. Both fiber and copper variants of the cards are 673 supported. Both boards support VLAN tagging/insertion, and 674 the 82543 additionally supports TCP/IP checksum 675 offload. &merged;</para> 676 677 <para arch="sparc64">The hme driver has been added to support 678 the Sun HME Fast Ethernet adapter, onboard on many Sun Ultra 679 series machines.</para> 680 681 <para role="historic">The &man.lge.4; driver has been added to support the Level 682 1 LXT1001 NetCellerator Gigabit Ethernet controller chip. This 683 device is used on some fiber optic GigE cards from SMC, D-Link 684 and Addtron. Jumbograms and TCP/IP checksum offload on 685 receive are supported, although hardware VLAN filtering is 686 not. &merged;</para> 687 688 <para role="historic">The my driver, which supports the Myson Fast Ethernet and 689 Gigabit Ethernet adapters, has been added. &merged;</para> 690 691 <para role="historic">Added the &man.nge.4; driver, which supports PCI Gigabit 692 Ethernet adapters based on the National Semiconductor DP83820 693 and DP83821 Gigabit Ethernet controller chips, including the 694 D-Link DGE-500T, SMC EZ Card 1000 (SMC9462TX), Asante 695 FriendlyNet GigaNIC 1000TA and 1000TPC and Addtron AEG320T. 696 This driver supports transmit and receive checksum 697 offloading. &merged;</para> 698 699 <para role="historic">The &man.pcn.4; driver, which supports the AMD PCnet/FAST, 700 PCnet/FAST+, PCnet/FAST III, PCnet/PRO, PCnet/Home, and 701 HomePNA adapters, has been added. Although these cards are 702 already supported by the &man.lnc.4; driver, the &man.pcn.4; 703 driver runs these chips in 32-bit mode and uses the RX 704 alignment feature to achieve zero-copy receive. This driver 705 is also machine-independent, so it will work on the i386, 706 pc98 and Alpha platforms. The &man.lnc.4; driver is still needed 707 to support non-PCI cards. &merged;</para> 708 709 <para role="historic">The &man.ray.4; driver, which supports the Webgear Aviator 710 wireless network cards, has been committed. The operation of 711 &man.ray.4; interfaces can be modified by 712 &man.raycontrol.8;. &merged;</para> 713 714 <para arch="i386" role="historic">The sbni driver, for supporting the Granch 715 SBNI12 series of ISA and PCI point-to-point communications 716 interfaces, has been added. The <filename 717 role="package">sysutils/sbniconfig</filename> port in the &os; 718 Ports Collection can be used for configuring these 719 devices. &merged;</para> 720 721 <para role="historic">Added support for PCI Ethernet adapters based on the SiS 722 900 and SiS 7016 Fast Ethernet controller chips (for example, 723 as seen on the SiS 635 and 735 motherboard chipsets), as well 724 as the National Semiconductor DP83815 chipset (including the 725 NetGear FA311-TX and FA312-TX) in the form of the &man.sis.4; 726 driver. This device has support for VLANs. &merged;</para> 727 728 <para arch="pc98" role="historic">The snc driver for the National Semiconductor 729 DP8393X (SONIC) Ethernet controller has been added. 730 Currently, this driver is only used on the PC-98 731 architecture. &merged;</para> 732 733 <para>The &man.stf.4; device is now clonable.</para> 734 735 <para role="historic">The &man.tap.4; driver, a virtual Ethernet device driver 736 for bridged configurations, has been added. This device is 737 clonable. &merged;</para> 738 739 <para role="historic">The &man.ti.4; driver now supports the Alteon AceNIC 740 1000baseT Gigabit Ethernet and Netgear GA620T 1000baseT 741 Gigabit cards. &merged;</para> 742 743 <para role="historic">The &man.ti.4; driver correctly masks VLAN tags. &merged;</para> 744 745 <para role="historic">The &man.txp.4; driver has been added to support NICs 746 based on the 3Com 3XP Typhoon/Sidewinder (3CR990) 747 chipset. &merged;</para> 748 749 <para role="historic">&man.vlan.4; devices are now loadable, unloadable, and 750 clonable. &merged;</para> 751 752 <para role="historic">The &man.wi.4; driver now has support for Prism II and 753 Prism 2.5-based NICs. 104/128-bit WEP now works on Prism 754 cards. &merged;</para> 755 756 <para role="historic">The &man.wi.4; driver now supports using a &os; host as 757 a wireless access point. This functionality can be enabled 758 using the <literal>mediaopt hostap</literal> option of 759 &man.ifconfig.8;. This feature requires a wireless 760 adapter based on the Prism II chipset. &merged;</para> 761 762 <para role="historic">The &man.wi.4; driver now has support for 763 <application>bsd-airtools</application>. &merged;</para> 764 765 <para role="historic">The xe driver can now be built as a 766 module. &merged;</para> 767 768 <para role="historic">The &man.xl.4; driver now supports the 3Com 3C556 and 769 3C556B MiniPCI adapters used on some laptops. &merged;</para> 770 771 <para role="historic">The &man.xl.4; driver now supports reception of VLAN 772 tagged frames (on the <quote>Cyclone</quote> or newer 773 chipsets). &merged;</para> 774 775 <para role="historic">The &man.xl.4; driver now supports send- and receive-side 776 TCP/IP checksum offloading for NICs implementing this feature, 777 such as the 3C905B, 3C905C, and 3C980C. &merged;</para> 778 779 <para role="historic">A bug in the &man.xl.4; driver, related to statistics 780 overflow interrupt handling, was causing slowdowns at medium 781 to high packet rates; this has been fixed. &merged;</para> 782 783 <para role="historic">The per-interface <varname>ifnet</varname> structure now 784 has the ability to indicate a set of capabilities supported by 785 a network interface, and which ones are enabled. 786 &man.ifconfig.8; has support for querying these 787 capabilities. &merged;</para> 788 789 <para role="historic">Performance with hosts having a large number of IP aliases 790 has been improved, by replacing the per-interface 791 <varname>if_inaddr</varname> linear list with a hash table. &merged;</para> 792 793 <para>Network devices now automatically appear as special files in 794 <filename>/dev/net</filename>. Interface hardware ioctls (not 795 protocol or routing) can be performed on these devices. The 796 <varname>SIOCGIFCONF</varname> ioctl may be performed on the 797 special <filename>/dev/network</filename> node.</para> 798 799 <para role="historic">Selected network drivers now implement a semi-polling 800 mode, which makes systems much more resilient to attacks and 801 overloads. To enable polling, the following options are 802 required in a kernel configuration file: 803 804 <programlisting>options DEVICE_POLLING 805options HZ=1000 # not compulsory but strongly recommended</programlisting> 806 807 The <varname>kern.polling.enable</varname> sysctl variable 808 will then activate polling mode; with the 809 <varname>kern.polling.user_frac</varname> sysctl indicating 810 the percentage of CPU time to be reserved for userland. The 811 devices initially supporting polling are &man.dc.4;, 812 &man.fxp.4;, &man.rl.4;, and &man.sis.4;. More details can be found in 813 the &man.polling.4; manual page. &merged;</para> 814 815 <para arch="i386,pc98" role="historic">The packet-forwarding performance of certain 816 network drivers (specifically &man.dc.4; and &man.sis.4;) has 817 been enhanced by the elimination of unnecessary buffer 818 copies. &merged;</para> 819 </sect3> 820 821 <sect3> 822 <title>Network Protocols</title> 823 824 <para role="historic">&man.accept.filter.9;, a kernel feature to reduce 825 overheads when accepting and reading new connections on 826 listening sockets, has been added. &merged;</para> 827 828 <para role="historic">The <literal>proxy</literal> modifier to &man.arp.8;'s 829 <option>-d</option> option has been renamed to 830 <literal>pub</literal>, for consistency with the 831 <option>-s</option> option. The <literal>only</literal> keyword 832 has been added to the <option>-s</option> and 833 <option>-S</option> flags, to be used in creating 834 <quote>proxy-only</quote> published entries. &merged;</para> 835 836 <para role="historic">The read timeout feature of &man.bpf.4; now works more 837 correctly with &man.select.2;/&man.poll.2;, and therefore with 838 pthreads. &merged;</para> 839 840 <para role="historic">&man.bridge.4; and &man.dummynet.4; have received some 841 enhancements and bug fixes, and are now loadable 842 modules. &merged;</para> 843 844 <para role="historic">&man.bridge.4; now has better support for multiple, 845 fully-independent bridging clusters, and is much more stable 846 in the presence of dynamic attachments and detatchments. Full 847 support for VLANs is also supported. &merged;</para> 848 849 <para>ICMP ECHO and TSTAMP replies are now rate limited. TCP 850 RSTs generated due to packets sent to open and unopen ports 851 are now limited by separate counters. Each rate limiting 852 queue now has its own description.</para> 853 854 <para role="historic">ICMP <literal>UNREACH_FILTER_PROHIB</literal> messages can 855 now RST TCP connections in the <literal>SYN_SENT</literal> 856 state if the correct sequence numbers are sent back, as 857 controlled by the 858 <varname>net.inet.tcp.icmp_may_rst</varname> sysctl. &merged;</para> 859 860 <para>IP multicast now works on VLAN devices. Several other 861 bugs in the VLAN code have also been fixed.</para> 862 863 <para role="historic">A bug in the IPsec processing for IPv4, which caused the 864 inbound SPD checks to be ignored, has been fixed. &merged;</para> 865 866 <para role="historic">&man.ipfw.4; now filters correctly in the presence of ECN 867 bits in TCP segments. &merged;</para> 868 869 <para role="historic">A new ng_eiface netgraph module has been added, which 870 appears as an Ethernet interface but delivers its Ethernet 871 frames to a Netgraph hook. &merged;</para> 872 873 <para role="historic">A new &man.ng.etf.4; netgraph node allows Ethernet type 874 packets to be filtered to different hooks depending on 875 ethertype. &merged;</para> 876 877 <para>The &man.ng.gif.4; and &man.ng.gif.demux.4; netgraph 878 nodes, for operating on &man.gif.4; devices, have been 879 added.</para> 880 881 <para>The &man.ng.ip.input.4; netgraph node, for queueing IP 882 packets into the main IP input processing code, has been 883 added.</para> 884 885 <para role="historic">The &man.ng.mppc.4; and &man.ng.bridge.4; node types have 886 been added to the &man.netgraph.4; subsystem. The 887 &man.ng.ether.4; node is now dynamically loadable. 888 Miscellaneous bug fixes and enhancements have also been 889 made. &merged;</para> 890 891 <para role="historic">A new netgraph node type &man.ng.one2many.4; for 892 multiplexing and demultiplexing packets over multiple links 893 has been added. &merged;</para> 894 895 <para>A new ng_split node type has been added for splitting a 896 bidirectional packet flow into two unidirectional flows.</para> 897 898 <para role="historic">A new sysctl 899 <varname>net.inet.ip.check_interface</varname>, which is on by 900 default, causes IP to verify that an incoming packet arrives 901 on an interface that has an address matching the packet's 902 destination address. &merged;</para> 903 904 <para role="historic">A new sysctl 905 <varname>net.link.ether.inet.log_arp_wrong_iface</varname> has 906 been added to control the suppression of logging when ARP 907 replies arrive on the wrong interface. &merged;</para> 908 909 <para role="historic">A new <literal>options RANDOM_IP_ID</literal> kernel 910 option causes the ID field of IP packets to be randomized. 911 This closes a minor information leak which allows a remote 912 observer to determine the rate at which the machine is 913 generating packets, since the default behavior is to increment 914 a counter for each packet sent. &merged;</para> 915 916 <para arch="alpha">SLIP has been removed from the 917 <filename>mfsroot</filename> floppy image.</para> 918 919 <para role="historic">TCP has received some bug fixes for its delayed ACK 920 behavior. &merged;</para> 921 922 <para role="historic">TCP now supports the NewReno modification to the TCP Fast 923 Recovery algorithm. This behavior can be controlled via the 924 <varname>net.inet.tcp.newreno</varname> sysctl 925 variable. &merged;</para> 926 927 <para role="historic">TCP now uses a more aggressive timeout for initial SYN 928 segments; this allows initial connection attempts to be 929 dropped much faster. &merged;</para> 930 931 <para role="historic">The <literal>TCP_COMPAT_42</literal> kernel option has 932 been removed. &merged;</para> 933 934 <para role="historic">The <literal>TCP_RESTRICT_RST</literal> kernel option has 935 been removed. Similar functionality can be achieved with the 936 <varname>net.inet.tcp.blackhole</varname> sysctl 937 variable. &merged;</para> 938 939 <para role="historic">TCP now has RFC 1323 extensions enabled by default in 940 &man.rc.conf.5;. &merged;</para> 941 942 <para role="historic">RFC 1323 and RFC 1644 TCP extensions are now disabled for 943 a connection in progress if no response has been received by 944 the third SYN segment sent. This behavior tries to work 945 around (very old) terminal servers with buggy VJ header 946 compression implementations. &merged;</para> 947 948 <para role="historic">The TCP implementation no longer requires the allocation 949 of a TCP template structure for each connection; this should 950 reduce the buffer usage on large systems handling many 951 connections. &merged;</para> 952 953 <para role="historic">TCP's default buffer sizes, controlled by the 954 <varname>net.inet.tcp.sendspace</varname> and 955 <varname>net.inet.tcp.recvspace</varname> sysctl variables, 956 have been increased to 32K and 64K respectively. Previously, 957 the default for both buffer sizes was 16K. To try to avoid 958 increasing congestion, the default value for 959 <varname>net.inet.tcp.local_slowstart_flightsize</varname> has 960 been changed from infinity to 4. &merged; 961 962 <note> 963 <para>On busy hosts, the new larger buffer sizes may require 964 manually increasing the 965 <varname>NMBCLUSTERS</varname> parameter, either in the 966 kernel configuration file or via the 967 <varname>kern.ipc.nmbclusters</varname> loader tunable. 968 <command>netstat -mb</command> can be used to monitor the 969 state of mbuf clusters.</para> 970 </note> 971 </para> 972 973 <para role="historic">TCP now supports RFC 1948 (Defending Against Sequence 974 Number Attacks). The 975 <varname>net.inet.tcp.isn_reseed_interval</varname> sysctl 976 variable controls the reseeding of the secret data used in 977 the RFC 1948 initial sequence number calculations. &merged;</para> 978 979 <para role="historic">The TCP implementation in &os; now implements a cache of 980 outstanding, received SYN segments. Incoming SYN segments now 981 cause entries to be placed in the cache until the TCP 982 three-way handshake is complete, at which point, memory is 983 allocated for the connection as usual. In addition, all TCP 984 Initial Sequence Numbers (ISNs) are used as cookies, allowing 985 entries in the cache to be dropped, but still have their 986 corresponding ACKs accepted later. The combination of the 987 so-called 988 <quote>syncache</quote> and <quote>syncookies</quote> features 989 makes a host much more resistant to TCP-based Denial of 990 Service attacks. Work on this feature was sponsored by DARPA 991 and NAI Labs. &merged;</para> 992 993 <para role="historic">A bug in the TCP implementation, which could cause 994 connections to stall if a sender saw a zero-sized window, has 995 been corrected. &merged;</para> 996 997 <para role="historic">The TCP implementation now properly ignores packets 998 addressed to IP-layer broadcast addresses. &merged;</para> 999 1000 <para>The ephemeral port range used for TCP and UDP has been 1001 changed to 49152–65535 (the old default was 1002 1024–5000). This increases the number of concurrent 1003 outgoing connections/streams.</para> 1004 </sect3> 1005 1006 <sect3> 1007 <title>Disks and Storage</title> 1008 1009 <para arch="i386" role="historic">Support for the Adaptec FSA family of PCI-SCSI 1010 RAID controllers has been added, in the form of the 1011 &man.aac.4; driver. This driver includes proper handling of 1012 commands initiated by the adapter, addition/removal of disk 1013 devices, crashdump functionality, and &man.ioctl.2; commands 1014 necessary for the management CLI, and is fully qualified and 1015 sanctioned by Adaptec. &merged;</para> 1016 1017 <para role="historic">The &man.ahc.4; driver has received numerous updates, 1018 bugfixes, and enhancements. Among various improvements are 1019 improved compatibility with chips in <quote>RAID Port</quote> 1020 mode and systems with AAA and/or ARO cards installed, as well 1021 as performance improvements. Some bugs were also fixed, 1022 including a rare hang on Ultra2/U160 1023 controllers. &merged;</para> 1024 1025 <para arch="i386" role="historic">The &man.asr.4; driver, which provides support 1026 for the Adaptec SCSI RAID controller family, as well as the 1027 DPT SmartRAID V and VI families, has been 1028 added. &merged;</para> 1029 1030 <para arch="i386" role="historic">The &man.asr.4; driver now supports the 1031 Adaptec 2000S and 2005S Zero-Channel RAID 1032 controllers. &merged;</para> 1033 1034 <para role="historic">The &man.ata.4; driver now has support for ATA100 1035 controllers. In addition, it now supports the ServerWorks 1036 ROSB4 ATA33 chipset, the CMD 648 ATA66 and CMD 649 ATA100 1037 chipsets, and the Cyrix 5530. &merged;</para> 1038 1039 <para role="historic">To provide more flexible configuration, the various 1040 options for the &man.ata.4; driver are now boot loader 1041 tunables, rather than kernel configure-time 1042 options. &merged;</para> 1043 1044 <para role="historic">The &man.ata.4; driver now has support for tagged queuing, 1045 which is enabled by the <varname>hw.ata.tags</varname> loader 1046 tunable. &merged;</para> 1047 1048 <para role="historic">The &man.ata.4; driver now has support for ATA 1049 <quote>pseudo</quote> RAID controllers as the Promise Fasttrak 1050 and HighPoint HPT370 controllers. &merged;</para> 1051 1052 <para role="historic">The &man.ata.4; driver now supports a wider variety of SiS 1053 chipsets, as listed in the Hardware Notes. &merged;</para> 1054 1055 <para role="historic">The &man.ata.4; driver now has support for creating, 1056 deleting, querying, and rebuilding ATA RAIDs under control of 1057 &man.atacontrol.8;. &merged;</para> 1058 1059 <para role="historic">The BurnProof(TM) feature, for applicable ATAPI CD-ROM 1060 burners, is now supported. &merged;</para> 1061 1062 <para role="historic">The &man.ata.4; driver now has support for 48-bit 1063 addressing. Devices larger than 137GB are now 1064 supported. &merged;</para> 1065 1066 <para role="historic">The &man.ata.4; driver now contains fixes for some data 1067 corruption problems on systems using the VIA 82C686B 1068 Southbridge chip. &merged;</para> 1069 1070 <para role="historic">The &man.cd.4; driver now has support for write 1071 operations. This allows writing to DVD-RAM, PD and similar 1072 drives that probe as CD devices. Note that change affects 1073 only random-access writeable devices, not sequential-only 1074 writeable devices such as CD-R drives, which are supported by 1075 &man.cdrecord.1; (a part of 1076 <filename role="package">sysutils/cdrtools</filename> in the 1077 Ports Collection. &merged;</para> 1078 1079 <para arch="i386" role="historic">The ciss driver, for devices utilizing the 1080 Common Interface for SCSI-3 Support, has been added. This 1081 driver supports the Compaq SmartRAID 5* family of RAID 1082 controllers (5300, 532, 5i). &merged;</para> 1083 1084 <para>The &man.fdc.4; floppy disk has undergone a number of 1085 enhancements. Density selection for common settings is now 1086 automatic; the driver is also much more flexible in setting 1087 the densities of various subdevices.</para> 1088 1089 <para>The &man.geom.4; disk I/O request transformation framework 1090 has been added; this extensible framework is designed to 1091 support a wide variety of operations on I/O requests on their 1092 way from the upper kernel to the device drivers.</para> 1093 1094 <para role="historic">The ida disk driver now has crashdump 1095 support. &merged;</para> 1096 1097 <para arch="i386" role="historic">The iir driver has been added to support the 1098 Intel Integrated RAID controllers, as well as prior ICP Vortex 1099 controllers.</para> 1100 1101 <para arch="alpha" role="historic">A bug that made certain CDROM drives fail to 1102 attach when connected to a SCSI card driven by &man.isp.4; has 1103 been fixed. &merged;</para> 1104 1105 <para>The &man.isp.4; driver is now proactive about discovering 1106 Fibre Channel topology changes.</para> 1107 1108 <para>The &man.isp.4; driver now supports target mode for Qlogic 1109 SCSI cards, including Ultra2 and Ultra3 and dual bus 1110 cards.</para> 1111 1112 <para role="historic">The &man.isp.4; driver now supports the Qlogic 2300 and 1113 2312 Optical Fibre Channel PCI cards. &merged;</para> 1114 1115 <para>&man.md.4;, the memory disk device, has had the 1116 functionality of &man.vn.4; incorporated into it. &man.md.4; 1117 devices can now be configured by &man.mdconfig.8;. &man.vn.4; 1118 has been removed. The Memory Filesystem (MFS) has also been 1119 removed.</para> 1120 1121 <para arch="i386" role="historic">The &man.mly.4; driver, for Mylex PCI to SCSI 1122 AccelRAID and eXtremeRAID controllers with firmware 6.X and 1123 later, has been added. &merged;</para> 1124 1125 <para arch="i386,pc98" role="historic">The ncv, nsp, and stg drivers have been ported 1126 from NetBSD/pc98. They support the NCR 53C50 / Workbit Ninja 1127 SCSI-3 / TMC 18C30, 18C50 based PC-Card/ISA SCSI controllers. 1128 All three drivers can be built and loaded as 1129 modules. &merged;</para> 1130 1131 <para arch="powerpc">The ofw driver, a basic OpenFirmware disk 1132 driver, has been added.</para> 1133 1134 <para>Some problems in &man.sa.4; error handling have been 1135 fixed, including the <quote>tape drive spinning indefinitely 1136 upon &man.mt.1; <option>stat</option></quote> problem.</para> 1137 1138 <para arch="i386" role="historic">The &man.twe.4; 3ware ATA RAID driver has 1139 added. &merged;</para> 1140 1141 <para role="historic">The &man.wd.4; compatibility devices were removed from the 1142 &man.ata.4; driver. &merged;</para> 1143 </sect3> 1144 1145 <sect3> 1146 <title>Filesystems</title> 1147 1148 <para>Support for named extended attributes was added to the 1149 &os; kernel. This allows the kernel, and appropriately 1150 privileged userland processes, to tag files and directories 1151 with attribute data. Extended attributes were added to 1152 support the TrustedBSD Project, in particular ACLs, capability 1153 data, and mandatory access control labels (see 1154 <filename>/usr/src/sys/ufs/ufs/README.extattr</filename> for 1155 details).</para> 1156 1157 <para role="historic">Due to a licensing change, softupdates have been 1158 integrated into the main portion of the kernel source tree. 1159 As a consequence, softupdates are now available with the 1160 <filename>GENERIC</filename> kernel. &merged;</para> 1161 1162 <para>A filesystem snapshot capability has been added to FFS. 1163 Details can be found in 1164 <filename>/usr/src/sys/ufs/ffs/README.snapshot</filename>.</para> 1165 1166<!-- The following note needs to be made more specific or eliminated. --> 1167 <para>Softupdates for FFS have received some bug fixes and 1168 enhancements.</para> 1169 1170 <para>When running with softupdates, &man.statfs.2; and 1171 &man.df.1; will track the number of blocks and files that are 1172 committed to being freed.</para> 1173 1174 <para role="historic">A bug in FFS that could cause superblock corruption on 1175 very large filesystems has been corrected. &merged;</para> 1176 1177 <para role="historic">The ISO-9660 filesystem now has a hook that supports a 1178 loadable character conversion routine. The 1179 <filename role="package">sysutils/cd9660_unicode</filename> 1180 port contains a set of common conversions. &merged;</para> 1181 1182 <para>&man.kernfs.5; is obsolete and has been retired.</para> 1183 1184 <para role="historic">A bug in the NFS client that caused bogus access times with 1185 <literal>O_EXCL|O_CREAT</literal> opens was 1186 fixed. &merged;</para> 1187 1188 <para role="historic">A new NFS hash function (based on the Fowler/Noll/Vo hash 1189 algorithm) has been implemented to improve NFS performance by 1190 increasing the efficiency of the <varname>nfsnode</varname> 1191 hash tables. &merged;</para> 1192 1193 <para>Client-side NFS locks have been implemented.</para> 1194 1195 <para>The client-side and server-side of the NFS code in the 1196 kernel used to be intertwined in various complex ways. They 1197 have been split apart for ease of maintenance and further 1198 development.</para> 1199 1200 <para>Support for filesystem Access Control Lists (ACLs) has 1201 been introduced, allowing more fine-grained control of 1202 discretionary access control on files and directories. This 1203 support was integrated from the TrustedBSD Project. More 1204 details can be found in 1205 <filename>/usr/src/sys/ufs/ufs/README.acls</filename>.</para> 1206 1207 <para role="historic">The directory layout preference algorithm for FFS 1208 (<literal>dirprefs</literal>) has been changed. Rather than 1209 scattering directory blocks across a disk, it attempts to 1210 group related directory blocks together. Operations 1211 traversing large directory hierarchies, such as the &os; Ports 1212 tree, have shown marked speedups. This change is transparent 1213 and automatic for new directories. &merged;</para> 1214 1215 <para arch="i386,pc98" role="historic">smbfs (CIFS) support in kernel has been added. 1216 The userland programs &man.smbutil.1; and &man.mount.smbfs.8; 1217 can be used to work with SMB shares. Note that 1218 &man.mount.smbfs.8; will automatically load the 1219 <filename>smbfs.ko</filename> module into the kernel, even if 1220 <literal>LIBMCHAIN</literal> and 1221 <literal>LIBICONV</literal> were not compiled into the kernel. 1222 &merged;</para> 1223 1224 <para>For consistency, the fdesc, fifo, null, msdos, portal, 1225 umap, and union filesystems have been renamed to fdescfs, 1226 fifofs, msdosfs, nullfs, portalfs, umapfs, and unionfs. Where 1227 applicable, modules and mount_* programs have been renamed. 1228 Compatibility <quote>glue</quote> has been added to 1229 &man.mount.8; so that <literal>msdos</literal> filesystem 1230 entries in &man.fstab.5; will work without changes.</para> 1231 1232 <para>pseudofs, a pseudo-filesystem framework, has been added. 1233 &man.linprocfs.5; and &man.procfs.5; have been modified to use 1234 pseudofs.</para> 1235 1236 <para role="historic">A simple hash-based lookup optimization for large 1237 directories called <literal>dirhash</literal> has been added. 1238 Conditional on the 1239 <literal>UFS_DIRHASH</literal> kernel option (enabled by 1240 default in the <filename>GENERIC</filename> kernel), it 1241 improves the speed of operations on very large directories at 1242 the expense of some memory. &merged;</para> 1243 1244 <para role="historic">The virtual memory subsystem now backs UFS directory 1245 memory requirements by default (this behavior is controlled 1246 via the <varname>vfs.vmiodirenable</varname> sysctl 1247 variable). &merged;</para> 1248 1249 <para role="historic">A bug that prevented the root filesystem from being 1250 mounted from a SCSI CDROM has been fixed (ATAPI CDROMs were 1251 always supported). &merged;</para> 1252 1253 <para role="historic">A number of bugs in the filesystem code, discovered 1254 through the use of the <application>fsx</application> 1255 filesystem test tool, have been fixed. Under certain 1256 circumstances (primarily related to use of NFS), these bugs 1257 could cause data corruption or kernel panics. &merged;</para> 1258 1259 <para>Network filesystems (such as NFS and smbfs filesystems) 1260 listed in <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> can now be properly 1261 mounted during startup initialization; their mounts are 1262 deferred until after the network is initialized.</para> 1263 1264 <para>Read-only support for the Universal Disk Format (UDF) has 1265 been added. This format is used on packet-written CD-RWs and 1266 most commercial DVD-Video disks. The &man.mount.udf.8; 1267 command can be used to mount these disks.</para> 1268 </sect3> 1269 1270 <sect3> 1271 <title>PCCARD Support</title> 1272 1273 <para arch="i386,pc98" role="historic">The pccard driver and &man.pccardc.8; now 1274 support multiple <quote>beep types</quote> upon card insertion 1275 and removal. &merged;</para> 1276 1277 <para role="historic">On many modern hosts, PCCARD devices can be configured to 1278 route their interrupts via either the ISA or PCI interrupt 1279 paths. The &man.pcic.4; driver has been updated to support 1280 both interrupt paths (formerly, only routing via ISA was 1281 supported). &merged; In most cases, configuration of PCMCIA 1282 devices in laptops is simpler and more flexible. In addition, 1283 various Cardbus bridge PCI cards (such as those used by 1284 Orinoco PCI NICs) are now supported. Some hosts may 1285 experience problems, such as hangs or panics, with PCI 1286 interrupt routing; they can frequently be made to work by 1287 forcing the older-style ISA interrupt routing. The following 1288 lines, placed in <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename>, may 1289 fix the problem:</para> 1290 1291 <programlisting role="historic">hw.pcic.intr_path="1" 1292 hw.pcic.irq="0"</programlisting> 1293 1294 <para role="historic">When installing &os; on such a system, typing the 1295 following lines to the boot loader may be helpful in starting 1296 up &os; for the first time:<para> 1297 1298 <screen role="historic"><prompt>ok</prompt> <userinput>set hw.pcic.intr_path="1"</userinput> 1299<prompt>ok</prompt> <userinput>set hw.pcic.irq="0"</userinput></screen> 1300 1301 <para arch="i386">Preliminary Cardbus support under NEWCARD has 1302 been added. This code supports the TI113X, TI12XX, TI125X, 1303 Ricoh 5C46/5C47, Topic 95/97/100 and Cirrus Logic PD683X 1304 bridges. 16-bit PC Card support is not yet functional.</para> 1305 </sect3> 1306 1307 <sect3> 1308 <title>Multimedia Support</title> 1309 1310 <para arch="i386" role="historic">The &man.pcm.4; driver now supports the ESS 1311 Solo 1, Maestro-1, Maestro-2, and Maestro-2e; Forte Media 1312 fm801, ESS Maestro-2e, and VIA Technologies VT82C686A sound 1313 card/chipsets, and has received some other updates. Separate 1314 drivers for the SoundBlaster 8 and SoundBlaster 16 now replace 1315 an older, unified driver. A driver for the CMedia 1316 CMI8338/CMI8738 sound chips has been added. A driver for the 1317 CS4281 sound chip has been added. A driver for the S3 1318 SonicVibes chipset has been added. &merged;</para> 1319 1320 <para arch="i386" role="historic">A driver for the Avance Logic ALS4000 has been 1321 added. &merged;</para> 1322 1323 <para arch="i386" role="historic">A driver for the ESS Maestro-3/Allegro has 1324 been added, however due to licensing restrictions, it cannot 1325 be compiled into the kernel. &merged; To use this driver, add 1326 the following line to 1327 <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename>:</para> 1328 1329 <programlisting role="historic">snd_maestro3_load="YES"</programlisting> 1330 1331 <para role="historic">The &man.bktr.4; driver has been updated to 2.18. This 1332 update provides a number of new features. New tuner types 1333 have been added, and improvements to the KLD module and to 1334 memory allocation have been made. Bugs in &man.devfs.5; when 1335 unloading and reloading have been fixed. Support for new 1336 Hauppauge Model 44xxx WinTV Cards (the ones with no audio mux) 1337 has been added. &merged;</para> 1338 1339 <para arch="i386,pc98" role="historic">The ufm driver, supporting the D-Link DSB-R100 1340 USB Radio, has been added. &merged;</para> 1341 1342 <para role="historic">When sound modules are built, one can now load all the 1343 drivers and infrastructure by <command>kldload 1344 snd</command>. &merged;</para> 1345 1346 <para>A new API has been added for sound cards with hardware 1347 volume control.</para> 1348 1349 <para arch="i386" role="historic">A driver for the Intel 443MX, 810, 815, and 1350 815E integrated sound devices has been added. &merged;</para> 1351 1352 <para arch="i386" role="historic">The via82c686 sound driver now supports the VIA 1353 VT8233. &merged;</para> 1354 1355 <para arch="i386" role="historic">The ich sound driver now support the SiS 1356 7012 chipset. &merged;</para> 1357 1358 <para arch="i386">Drivers have been added to support the Direct 1359 Rendering Infrastructure, which can used to provide 3D 1360 acceleration within <application>XFree86</application>. Video 1361 cards supported include the 3Dlabs Oxygen GMX 2000 (gammadrm), 1362 AGP Matrox G200/G400/G450/G550 (mgadrm), 3dfx Voodoo 1363 3/4/5/Banshee (tdfxdrm), AGI ATI Rage 128 (r128drm), and AGP 1364 ATI Radeon (radeondrm).</para> 1365 1366 </sect3> 1367 1368 <sect3> 1369 <title>Contributed Software</title> 1370 1371 <para>The Forth Inspired Command Language 1372 (<application>FICL</application>) used in the boot loader has 1373 been updated to 3.02.</para> 1374 1375 <para>Support for Advanced Configuration and Power Interface 1376 (ACPI), a multi-vendor standard for configuration and power 1377 management, has been added. This functionality has been 1378 provided by the <application>Intel ACPI Component 1379 Architecture</application> project, as of the ACPI CA 20020308 1380 snapshot. Some backward compatability for applications using 1381 the older APM standard has been provided.</para> 1382 1383 <sect4> 1384 <title>IPFilter</title> 1385 1386 <para><application>IPFilter</application> has been updated to 1387 3.4.28.</para> 1388 1389 <para role="historic"><application>IPFilter</application> now supports 1390 IPv6. &merged;</para> 1391 1392 </sect4> 1393 1394 <sect4 arch="i386"> 1395 <title>isdn4bsd</title> 1396 1397 <para><application>isdn4bsd</application> has been updated to 1398 version 1.0.2.</para> 1399 1400 <para role="historic">The &man.ifpi.4; driver for supporting the AVM 1401 Fritz!Card PCI controller has been added. &merged;</para> 1402 1403 <para role="historic">The &man.ifpi2.4; driver for supporting the AVM 1404 Fritz!Card PCI version 2 controller has been added. &merged;</para> 1405 1406 <para role="historic">The &man.ihfc.4; driver for supporting Cologne Chip 1407 Designs HFC devices under 1408 <application>isdn4bsd</application> has been 1409 added. &merged;</para> 1410 1411 <para role="historic">The &man.itjc.4; driver for supporting NETjet-S / Teles 1412 PCI-TJ devices under <application>isdn4bsd</application> has 1413 been added. &merged;</para> 1414 1415 <para role="historic">Experimental support for the Eicon.Diehl DIVA 2.0 and 1416 2.02 ISA PnP ISDN cards has been added to the &man.isic.4; 1417 <application>isdn4bsd</application> driver. &merged;</para> 1418 1419 <para role="historic">The &man.isic.4; driver now supports the Compaq Microcom 1420 610 ISDN ISA PnP card. &merged;</para> 1421 1422 <para role="historic">Active CAPI-based ISDN cards manufactured by AVM are now 1423 supported using the &man.i4bcapi.4; and the &man.iavc.4; 1424 driver. The supported cards are the AVM B1 PCI and AVM B1 1425 ISA Basic Rate cards and the AVM T1 Primary Rate 1426 cards. &merged;</para> 1427 1428 <para role="historic">A new <literal>maxconnecttime</literal> keyword is now 1429 accepted in &man.isdnd.rc.5; files to limit the time a 1430 connection may remain open. &merged;</para> 1431 1432 <para role="historic">&man.isdnphone.8; now supports a <option>-k</option> 1433 option for sending messages via the keypad facility to a PBX 1434 or exchange office. &merged;</para> 1435 1436 <para><application>isdn4bsd</application> now supports Q.931 1437 subaddressing.</para> 1438 1439 </sect4> 1440 1441 <sect4 id="kame-kernel"> 1442 <title>KAME</title> 1443 1444 <para role="historic">The IPv6 stack is now based on a snapshot based on the 1445 KAME Project's IPv6 snapshot as of 28 May, 2001. Most of 1446 the items listed in this section are a result of this 1447 import. <xref linkend="kame-userland"> lists userland 1448 updates to the KAME IPv6 stack. &merged;</para> 1449 1450 <para role="historic">&man.gif.4; is now based on RFC 2893, rather than RFC 1451 1933. The <literal>IFF_LINK2</literal> interface flag can 1452 be used to control ingress filtering. &merged;</para> 1453 1454 <para role="historic"><application>IPsec</application> has received some 1455 enhancements, including the ability to use the Rijndael and 1456 SHA2 algorithms. IPsec RC5 support has been removed due to 1457 patent issues. &merged;</para> 1458 1459 <para role="historic">&man.stf.4; now conforms to RFC 3056; the 1460 <literal>IFF_LINK2</literal> interface flag can be used to 1461 control ingress filtering. &merged;</para> 1462 1463 <para role="historic">IPv6 has better checking of illegal addresses (such as 1464 loopback addresses) on physical networks. &merged;</para> 1465 1466 <para role="historic">The <varname>IPV6_V6ONLY</varname> socket option is now 1467 completely supported. The kernel's default behavior with 1468 respect to this option is controlled by the 1469 <varname>net.inet6.ip6.v6only</varname> sysctl 1470 variable. &merged;</para> 1471 1472 <para role="historic">RFC 3041 (Privacy Extensions for Stateless Address 1473 Autoconfiguration) is now supported. It can be enabled via 1474 the <varname>net.inet6.ip6.use_tempaddr</varname> sysctl 1475 variable. &merged;</para> 1476 </sect4> 1477 </sect3> 1478 </sect2> 1479 1480 <sect2 id="security"> 1481 <title>Security-Related Changes</title> 1482 1483 <para role="historic">&man.sysinstall.8; now allows the user to select one of two 1484 <quote>security profiles</quote> at install-time. These 1485 profiles enable different levels of system security by enabling 1486 or disabling various system services in &man.rc.conf.5; on new 1487 installs. &merged;</para> 1488 1489 <para>A bug in which malformed ELF executable images can hang the 1490 system has been fixed (see security advisory 1491 FreeBSD-SA-00:41). &merged;</para> 1492 1493 <para>A security hole in Linux emulation was fixed (see security 1494 advisory FreeBSD-SA-00:42). &merged;</para> 1495 1496 <para role="historic">String-handling library calls in many programs were fixed to 1497 reduce the possibility of buffer overflow-related exploits. 1498 &merged;</para> 1499 1500 <para>TCP now uses stronger randomness in choosing its initial 1501 sequence numbers (see security advisory 1502 FreeBSD-SA-00:52). &merged;</para> 1503 1504 <para>Several buffer overflows in &man.tcpdump.1; were corrected 1505 (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-00:61). &merged;</para> 1506 1507 <para>A security hole in &man.top.1; was corrected (see security 1508 advisory FreeBSD-SA-00:62). &merged;</para> 1509 1510 <para>A potential security hole caused by an off-by-one-error in 1511 &man.gethostbyname.3; has been fixed (see security advisory 1512 FreeBSD-SA-00:63). &merged;</para> 1513 1514 <para>A potential buffer overflow in the &man.ncurses.3; library, 1515 which could cause arbitrary code to be run from within 1516 &man.systat.1;, has been corrected (see security advisory 1517 FreeBSD-SA-00:68). &merged;</para> 1518 1519 <para>A vulnerability in &man.telnetd.8; that could cause it to 1520 consume large amounts of server resources has been fixed (see 1521 security advisory FreeBSD-SA-00:69). &merged;</para> 1522 1523 <para>The <literal>nat deny_incoming</literal> command in 1524 &man.ppp.8; now works correctly (see security advisory 1525 FreeBSD-SA-00:70). &merged;</para> 1526 1527 <para>A vulnerability in &man.csh.1;/&man.tcsh.1; temporary files 1528 that could allow overwriting of arbitrary user-writable files 1529 has been closed (see security advisory 1530 FreeBSD-SA-00:76). &merged;</para> 1531 1532 <para role="historic">The &man.ssh.1; binary is no longer SUID root by 1533 default. &merged;</para> 1534 1535 <para role="historic">Some fixes were applied to the Kerberos IV implementation 1536 related to environment variables, a possible buffer overrun, and 1537 overwriting ticket files. &merged;</para> 1538 1539 <para role="historic">&man.telnet.1; now does a better job of sanitizing its 1540 environment. &merged;</para> 1541 1542 <para>Several vulnerabilities in &man.procfs.5; were fixed (see 1543 security advisory FreeBSD-SA-00:77). &merged;</para> 1544 1545 <para>A bug in <application>OpenSSH</application> in which a 1546 server was unable to disable &man.ssh-agent.1; or 1547 <literal>X11Forwarding</literal> was fixed (see security 1548 advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:01). &merged;</para> 1549 1550 <para>A bug in &man.ipfw.8; and &man.ip6fw.8; in which inbound TCP 1551 segments could incorrectly be treated as being part of an 1552 <literal>established</literal> connection has been fixed (see 1553 security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:08). &merged;</para> 1554 1555 <para>A bug in &man.crontab.1; that could allow users to read any 1556 file on the system in valid &man.crontab.5; syntax has been 1557 fixed (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:09). &merged;</para> 1558 1559 <para>A vulnerability in &man.inetd.8; that could allow 1560 read-access to the initial 16 bytes of 1561 <groupname>wheel</groupname>-accessible files has been fixed 1562 (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:11). &merged;</para> 1563 1564 <para>A bug in &man.periodic.8; that used insecure temporary files 1565 has been corrected (see security advisory 1566 FreeBSD-SA-01:12). &merged;</para> 1567 1568 <para><application>OpenSSH</application> now has code to prevent 1569 (instead of just mitigating through connection limits) an attack 1570 that can lead to guessing the server key (not host key) by 1571 regenerating the server key when an RSA failure is detected (see 1572 security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:24). &merged;</para> 1573 1574 <para role="historic">A number of programs have had output formatting strings 1575 corrected so as to reduce the risk of 1576 vulnerabilities. &merged;</para> 1577 1578 <para role="historic">A number of programs that use temporary files now do so more 1579 securely. &merged;</para> 1580 1581 <para role="historic">A bug in ICMP that could cause an attacker to disrupt TCP and UDP 1582 <quote>sessions</quote> has been corrected. &merged;</para> 1583 1584 <para>A bug in &man.timed.8;, which caused it to crash if send 1585 certain malformed packets, has been corrected (see security 1586 advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:28). &merged;</para> 1587 1588 <para>A bug in &man.rwhod.8;, which caused it to crash if send 1589 certain malformed packets, has been corrected (see security 1590 advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:29). &merged;</para> 1591 1592 <para>A security hole in &os;'s FFS and EXT2FS implementations, 1593 which allowed a race condition that could cause users to have 1594 unauthorized access to data, has been fixed (see security 1595 advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:30). &merged;</para> 1596 1597 <para>A remotely-exploitable vulnerability in &man.ntpd.8; has 1598 been closed (see security advisory 1599 FreeBSD-SA-01:31). &merged;</para> 1600 1601 <para>A security hole in <application>IPFilter</application>'s 1602 fragment cache has been closed (see security advisory 1603 FreeBSD-SA-01:32). &merged;</para> 1604 1605 <para>Buffer overflows in &man.glob.3;, which could cause 1606 arbitrary code to be run on an FTP server, have been closed. In 1607 addition, to prevent some forms of DOS attacks, &man.glob.3; 1608 allows specification of a limit on the number of pathname 1609 matches it will return. &man.ftpd.8; now uses this feature (see 1610 security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:33). &merged;</para> 1611 1612 <para>Initial sequence numbers in TCP are more thoroughly 1613 randomized (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:39). Due to 1614 some possible compatibility issues, the behavior of this 1615 security fix can be enabled or disabled via the 1616 <varname>net.inet.tcp.tcp_seq_genscheme</varname> sysctl 1617 variable.&merged;</para> 1618 1619 <para>A vulnerability in the &man.fts.3; routines (used by 1620 applications for recursively traversing a filesystem) could 1621 allow a program to operate on files outside the intended 1622 directory hierarchy. This bug has been fixed (see security 1623 advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:40). &merged;</para> 1624 1625 <para role="historic"><application>OpenSSH</application> now switches to the 1626 user's UID before attempting to unlink the authentication 1627 forwarding file, nullifying the effects of a race.</para> 1628 1629 <para>A flaw allowed some signal handlers to remain in effect in a 1630 child process after being exec-ed from its parent. This allowed 1631 an attacker to execute arbitrary code in the context of a setuid 1632 binary. This flaw has been corrected (see security advisory 1633 FreeBSD-SA-01:42). &merged;</para> 1634 1635 <para>A remote buffer overflow in &man.tcpdump.1; has been fixed 1636 (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:48). &merged;</para> 1637 1638 <para>A remote buffer overflow in &man.telnetd.8; has been fixed 1639 (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:49). &merged;</para> 1640 1641 <para>The new <varname>net.inet.ip.maxfragpackets</varname> and 1642 <varname>net.inet.ip6.maxfragpackets</varname> sysctl variables 1643 limit the amount of memory that can be consumed by IPv4 and IPv6 1644 packet fragments, which defends against some denial of service 1645 attacks (see security advisory 1646 FreeBSD-SA-01:52). &merged;</para> 1647 1648 <para role="historic">All services in <filename>inetd.conf</filename> are now 1649 disabled by default for new installations. &man.sysinstall.8; 1650 gives the option of enabling or disabling &man.inetd.8; on new 1651 installations, as well as editing 1652 <filename>inetd.conf</filename>. &merged;</para> 1653 1654 <para>A flaw in the implementation of the &man.ipfw.8; 1655 <literal>me</literal> rules on point-to-point links has been 1656 corrected. Formerly, <literal>me</literal> filter rules would 1657 match the remote IP address of a point-to-point interface in 1658 addition to the intended local IP address (see security advisory 1659 FreeBSD-SA-01:53). &merged;</para> 1660 1661 <para>A vulnerability in &man.procfs.5;, which could allow a 1662 process to read sensitive information from another process's 1663 memory space, has been closed (see security advisory 1664 FreeBSD-SA-01:55). &merged;</para> 1665 1666 <para>The <literal>PARANOID</literal> hostname checking in 1667 <application>tcp_wrappers</application> now works as advertised 1668 (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:56). &merged;</para> 1669 1670 <para>A local root exploit in &man.sendmail.8; has been closed 1671 (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:57). &merged;</para> 1672 1673 <para>A remote root vulnerability in &man.lpd.8; has been closed 1674 (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:58). &merged;</para> 1675 1676 <para>A race condition in &man.rmuser.8; that briefly exposed a 1677 world-readable <filename>/etc/master.passwd</filename> has been 1678 fixed (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:59). &merged;</para> 1679 1680 <para>A vulnerability in <application>UUCP</application> has been 1681 closed (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:62). All 1682 non-<username>root</username>-owned binaries in standard system 1683 paths now have the <literal>schg</literal> flag set to prevent 1684 exploit vectors when run by &man.cron.8;, by 1685 <username>root</username>, or by a user other then the one owning 1686 the binary. In addition, &man.uustat.1; is now run via 1687 <filename>/etc/periodic/daily/410.status-uucp</filename> as 1688 <username>uucp</username>, not <username>root</username>. In 1689 &os; -CURRENT, <application>UUCP</application> has since been 1690 moved to the Ports Collection and no longer a part of the base 1691 system. &merged;</para> 1692 1693 <para role="historic">A security hole in the form of a buffer overflow in the 1694 &man.semop.2; system call has been closed. &merged;</para> 1695 1696 <para>A security hole in <application>OpenSSH</application>, which 1697 could allow users to execute code with arbitrary privileges if 1698 <literal>UseLogin yes</literal> was set, has been closed. Note 1699 that the default value of this setting is 1700 <literal>UseLogin no</literal>. (See security advisory 1701 FreeBSD-SA-01:63.) &merged;</para> 1702 1703 <para>The use of an insecure temporary directory by 1704 &man.pkg.add.1; could permit a local attacker to modify the 1705 contents of binary packages while they were being installed. 1706 This hole has been closed. (See security advisory 1707 FreeBSD-SA-02:01.) &merged;</para> 1708 1709 <para>A race condition in &man.pw.8;, which could expose the 1710 contents of <filename>/etc/master.passwd</filename>, has been 1711 eliminated. (See security advisory FreeBSD-SA-02:02.) 1712 &merged;</para> 1713 1714 <para>A bug in &man.k5su.8; could have allowed a process that had 1715 given up superuser privileges to regain them. This bug has been 1716 fixed. (See security advisory FreeBSD-SA-02:07.) 1717 &merged;</para> 1718 1719 <para>An <quote>off-by-one</quote> bug has been fixed in 1720 <application>OpenSSH</application>'s multiplexing code. This bug 1721 could have allowed an authenticated remote user to cause 1722 &man.sshd.8; to execute arbitrary code with superuser 1723 privileges, or allowed a malicious SSH server to execute arbitrary 1724 code on the client system with the privileges of the client user. (See security 1725 advisory <ulink 1726 url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-02:13.openssh.asc">FreeBSD-SA-02:13</ulink>.) 1727 &merged;</para> 1728 1729 <para>A programming error in <application>zlib</application> could 1730 result in attempts to free memory multiple times. The 1731 &man.malloc.3;/&man.free.3; routines used in &os; are not 1732 vulnerable to this error, but applications receiving 1733 specially-crafted blocks of invalid compressed data could 1734 be made to function incorrectly or abort. This 1735 <application>zlib</application> bug has been fixed. For a 1736 workaround and solutions, see security advisory <ulink 1737 url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-02:18.zlib.v1.2.asc">FreeBSD-SA-02:18</ulink>. 1738 &merged;</para> 1739 1740 <para>Bugs in the TCP SYN cache (<quote>syncache</quote>) and SYN 1741 cookie (<quote>syncookie</quote>) implementations, which could 1742 cause legitimate TCP/IP traffic to crash a machine, have been 1743 fixed. For a workaround and patches, see security advisory 1744 <ulink 1745 url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-02:20.syncache.asc">FreeBSD-SA-02:20</ulink>. 1746 &merged;</para> 1747 1748 <para>A routing table memory leak, which could allow a remote 1749 attacker to exhaust the memory of a target machine, has been 1750 fixed. A workaround and patches can be found in security 1751 advisory <ulink 1752 url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-02:21.tcpip.asc">FreeBSD-SA-02:21</ulink>. 1753 &merged;</para> 1754 1755 <para>A bug with memory-mapped I/O, which could cause a system 1756 crash, has been fixed. For more information about a solution, 1757 see security advisory <ulink 1758 url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-02:22.mmap.asc">FreeBSD-SA-02:22</ulink>. 1759 &merged;</para> 1760 1761 <para>A security hole, in which SUID programs could be made to 1762 read from or write to inappropriate files through manipulation 1763 of their standard I/O file descriptors, has been fixed. 1764 Information regarding a solution can be found in security 1765 advisory <ulink 1766 url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-02:23.stdio.asc">FreeBSD-SA-02:23</ulink>. 1767 &merged;</para> 1768 1769 <para>Some unexpected behavior could be allowed with &man.k5su.8; 1770 because it does not require that an invoking user be a member of 1771 the <groupname>wheel</groupname> group when attempting to become 1772 the superuser (this is the case with &man.su.1;). To avoid this 1773 situation, &man.k5su.8; is now installed non-SUID by default 1774 (effectively disabling it). More information can be found in 1775 security advisory <ulink 1776 url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-02:24.k5su.asc">FreeBSD-SA-02:24</ulink>. 1777 &merged;</para> 1778 1779 <para>Multiple vulnerabilities were found in the &man.bzip2.1; 1780 utility, which could allow files to be overwritten without 1781 warning or allow local users unintended access to files. These 1782 problems have been corrected with a new import of 1783 <application>bzip2</application>. For more information, see 1784 security advisory <ulink 1785 url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-02:25.bzip2.asc">FreeBSD-SA-02:25</ulink>. 1786 &merged;</para> 1787 1788 <para>A bug has been fixed in the implementation of the TCP SYN 1789 cache (<quote>syncache</quote>), which could allow a remote 1790 attacker to deny access to a service when accept filters 1791 (see &man.accept.filter.9;) were in use. This bug has been 1792 fixed; for more information, see security advisory <ulink 1793 url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-02:26.accept.asc">FreeBSD-SA-02:26</ulink>. 1794 &merged;</para> 1795 1796 <para>Due to a bug in &man.rc.8;'s use of shell globbing, users 1797 may be able to remove the contents of arbitrary files if 1798 <filename>/tmp/.X11-unix</filename> does not exist and the 1799 system can be made to reboot. This bug has been corrected (see 1800 security advisory <ulink 1801 url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-02:27.rc.asc">FreeBSD-SA-02:27</ulink>). 1802 &merged;</para> 1803 1804 </sect2> 1805 1806 <sect2 id="userland"> 1807 <title>Userland Changes</title> 1808 1809 <para role="historic">If the first argument to &man.ancontrol.8; or 1810 &man.wicontrol.8; doesn't start with a <literal>-</literal>, it 1811 is assumed to be an interface. &merged;</para> 1812 1813 <para role="historic">&man.apmd.8; now has the ability to monitor battery levels 1814 and execute commands based on percentage or minutes of battery 1815 life remaining via the <literal>apm_battery</literal> 1816 configuration directive. See the commented-out examples in 1817 <filename>/etc/apmd.conf</filename> for the 1818 syntax. &merged;</para> 1819 1820 <para role="historic">&man.arp.8; now prints the applicable interface name for 1821 each ARP entry. &merged;</para> 1822 1823 <para>&man.arp.8; now prints <literal>[fddi]</literal> or 1824 <literal>[atm]</literal> tags for addresses on interfaces of 1825 those types.</para> 1826 1827 <para>The &man.asa.1; utility, to interpret FORTRAN 1828 carriage-control characters, has been added.</para> 1829 1830 <para>&man.at.1; now supports the <option>-r</option> command-line 1831 option to remove jobs and the <option>-t</option> option to 1832 specify times in POSIX time format.</para> 1833 1834 <para role="historic">&man.atacontrol.8; has been added to control various aspects 1835 of the &man.ata.4; driver. &merged;</para> 1836 1837 <para>The system &man.awk.1; now refers to 1838 <application>BWK awk</application>. <application>GNU 1839 awk</application> is now available as &man.gawk.1;.</para> 1840 1841 <para arch="pc98" role="historic">&man.boot98cfg.8;, a PC-98 boot manager 1842 installation and configuration utility, has been 1843 added. &merged;</para> 1844 1845 <para role="historic">&man.burncd.8; now supports a <option>-m</option> option for 1846 multisession mode (the default behavior now is to close disks as 1847 single-session). A <option>-l</option> option to take a list of 1848 image files from a filename was also added; 1849 <filename>-</filename> can be used as a filename for 1850 <literal>stdin</literal>. &merged;</para> 1851 1852 <para>&man.burncd.8; now supports Disk At Once (DAO) mode, 1853 selectable via the <option>-d</option> flag.</para> 1854 1855 <para>&man.burncd.8; now has the ability to write VCDs/SVCDs.</para> 1856 1857 <para role="historic">&man.c89.1; has been converted from a shell script to a 1858 binary executable, fixing some minor bugs. &merged;</para> 1859 1860 <para arch="i386,pc98" role="historic">A minimalized version of &man.camcontrol.8; is 1861 now available on the installation floppy. This allows it to 1862 rescan for devices that have been connected after booting, or to 1863 show the devices attached to SCSI busses (e. g. from within the 1864 <quote>emergency holographic shell</quote>). &merged;</para> 1865 1866 <para role="historic">&man.cat.1; now has the ability to read from UNIX-domain 1867 sockets. &merged;</para> 1868 1869 <para>&man.catman.1; is now a C program, instead of a 1870 Perl script.</para> 1871 1872 <para role="historic">&man.cdcontrol.1; now supports a <literal>cdid</literal> 1873 command, which calculates and displays the CD serial number, 1874 using the same algorithm used by the CDDB 1875 database. &merged;</para> 1876 1877 <para role="historic">&man.cdcontrol.1; now uses the <envar>CDROM</envar> 1878 environment variable to pick a default device. &merged;</para> 1879 1880 <para role="historic">&man.cdcontrol.1; now supports <literal>next</literal> and 1881 <literal>prev</literal> commands to skip forwards or backwards a 1882 specified number of tracks while playing an audio 1883 CD. &merged;</para> 1884 1885 <para>On ATAPI CDROM drives, &man.cdcontrol.1; now supports a 1886 <literal>speed</literal> command to set the maximum speed to be 1887 used by the drive. &merged;</para> 1888 1889 <para>&man.chflags.1; has moved from <filename>/usr/bin</filename> 1890 to <filename>/bin</filename>.</para> 1891 1892 <para role="historic">&man.chio.1; now has the ability to specify elements by 1893 volume tag instead of by their physical location as well as the 1894 ability to return an element to its previous 1895 location. &merged;</para> 1896 1897 <para>&man.chmod.1; now supports a <option>-h</option> for 1898 changing the mode of a symbolic link.</para> 1899 1900 <para role="historic">&man.chown.8; now correctly follows symbolic links named as 1901 command line arguments if run without 1902 <option>-R</option>. &merged;</para> 1903 1904 <para>&man.chown.8; no longer takes <literal>.</literal> as a 1905 user/group delimeter. This change was made to support usernames 1906 containing a <literal>.</literal>.</para> 1907 1908 <para>Use of the <literal>CSMG_*</literal> macros no longer 1909 require inclusion of 1910 <filename><sys/param.h></filename></para> 1911 1912 <para role="historic">&man.col.1; now takes a <option>-p</option> flag to force 1913 unknown control sequences to be passed through 1914 unchanged. &merged;</para> 1915 1916 <para role="historic">The <filename>compat3x</filename> distribution has been 1917 updated to include libraries present in &os; 1918 3.5.1-RELEASE. &merged;</para> 1919 1920 <para>A <filename>compat4x</filename> distribution has been added 1921 for compatibility with &os; 4-STABLE.</para> 1922 1923 <para role="historic">&man.config.8; is now better about converting various 1924 warnings that should have been errors into actual fatal errors 1925 with an exit code. This ensures that <literal>make 1926 buildkernel</literal> doesn't quietly ignore them and build a 1927 bogus kernel without a human to read the errors. &merged;</para> 1928 1929 <para role="historic">A number of buffer overflows in &man.config.8; have been 1930 fixed. &merged;</para> 1931 1932 <para>A new &man.csplit.1; utility, which splits files based on 1933 context, has been added.</para> 1934 1935 <para role="historic">&man.ctags.1; no longer creates a corrupt tags file if the 1936 source file used <literal>//</literal> (C++-style) 1937 comments. &merged;</para> 1938 1939 <para>The &man.daemon.8; program, a command-line interface to 1940 &man.daemon.3;, has been added. It detaches itself from its 1941 controlling terminal and executes a program specified on the 1942 command line. This allows the user to run an arbitrary program 1943 as if it were written to be a daemon.</para> 1944 1945 <para>&man.devinfo.8;, a simple tool to print the device tree and resource 1946 usage by devices, has been added.</para> 1947 1948 <para role="historic">&man.df.1; now takes a <option>-l</option> option to only 1949 display information about locally-mounted 1950 filesystems. &merged;</para> 1951 1952 <para role="historic">&man.disklabel.8; now supports partition sizes expressed in 1953 kilobytes, megabytes, or gigabytes, in addition to 1954 sectors. &merged;</para> 1955 1956 <para>diskpart(8) has been declared obsolete, and has been 1957 removed.</para> 1958 1959 <para role="historic">&man.dmesg.8; now has a <option>-a</option> option to show 1960 the entire message buffer, including &man.syslogd.8; records and 1961 <filename>/dev/console</filename> output. &merged;</para> 1962 1963 <para role="historic">&man.du.1; now takes a <option>-I</option> command-line flag 1964 to ignore/skip files and subdirectories matching a specified 1965 shell-glob mask. &merged;</para> 1966 1967 <para role="historic">&man.dump.8; now supports inheritance of the 1968 <literal>nodump</literal> flag down a hierarchy. &merged;</para> 1969 1970 <para role="historic">The <option>-T</option> option to &man.dump.8; no longer 1971 swallows an extra argument. &merged;</para> 1972 1973 <para role="historic">&man.dump.8; has a new <option>-D</option> option, allowing 1974 the path to the <filename>/etc/dumpdates</filename> file to be 1975 changed. &merged;</para> 1976 1977 <para role="historic">&man.dump.8; now supplies progress information in its 1978 process title, useful for monitoring automated 1979 backups. &merged;</para> 1980 1981 <para>&man.dump.8; now supports a new <option>-S</option> flag to allow 1982 it to just print out the dump size estimates and exit.</para> 1983 1984 <para role="historic">&man.edquota.8; now takes a <option>-f</option> option to 1985 allow limiting the prototype quota distribution (specified with 1986 <option>-p</option>) to a single filesystem. &merged;</para> 1987 1988 <para role="historic"><filename>/etc/rc.firewall</filename> and 1989 <filename>/etc/rc.firewall6</filename> will no longer add their own 1990 hardcoded rules in the cases of a rules file in the 1991 <varname>firewall_type</varname> variable or a non-existent 1992 firewall type. (The motivation for this change is to avoid 1993 acting on assumptions about a site's firewall policies.) In 1994 addition, the <literal>closed</literal> firewall type now works 1995 as documented in the &man.rc.firewall.8; manual page. &merged;</para> 1996 1997 <para role="historic">The functionality of <filename>/etc/security</filename> has 1998 been been moved into a set of scripts under the &man.periodic.8; 1999 framework, to make local customization easier and more 2000 maintainable. These scripts now reside in 2001 <filename>/etc/periodic/security/</filename>. &merged;</para> 2002 2003 <para>&man.expr.1; is now compliant with the POSIX Utility Syntax 2004 Guidelines. Some programs depend on the old, historic behavior 2005 (the <filename role="package">devel/libtool</filename> 2006 port/package was/is a notable example). In these situations, 2007 the <envar>EXPR_COMPAT</envar> environment variable can be 2008 defined, which causes &man.expr.1; to behave more like previous 2009 versions.</para> 2010 2011 <para>&man.fbtab.5; now accepts glob matching patterns for target 2012 devices, not just individual devices and directories.</para> 2013 2014 <para arch="i386">&man.fdisk.8; no longer attempts to search for a 2015 device if none has been specified on the command line, but 2016 instead tries to figure out the default device name from the 2017 root device.</para> 2018 2019 <para>&man.fdread.1;, a program to read data from floppy disks, 2020 has been added. It is a counterpart to &man.fdwrite.1; and is 2021 designed to provide a means of recovering at least some data 2022 from bad media, and to obviate for a complex invocation of 2023 &man.dd.1;.</para> 2024 2025 <para role="historic">&man.find.1; now takes the <option>-empty</option> flag, 2026 which returns true if a file or directory is 2027 empty. &merged;</para> 2028 2029 <para role="historic">&man.find.1; now takes the <option>-iname</option> and 2030 <option>-ipath</option> primaries for case-insensitive matches, 2031 and the <option>-regexp</option> and <option>-iregexp</option> 2032 primaries for regular-expression matches. The 2033 <option>-E</option> flag now enables extended regular 2034 expressions. &merged;</para> 2035 2036 <para role="historic">&man.find.1; now has the <option>-anewer</option>, 2037 <option>-cnewer</option>, <option>-mnewer</option>, 2038 <option>-okdir</option>, and <option>-newer[acm][acmt]</option> 2039 primaries for comparisons of file timestamps. The latter 2040 primaries can be specified with various units of 2041 time. &merged;</para> 2042 2043 <para role="historic">&man.finger.1; now has the ability to support fingering 2044 aliases, via the &man.finger.conf.5; file. &merged;</para> 2045 2046 <para>&man.finger.1; now has support for a 2047 <filename>.pubkey</filename> file.</para> 2048 2049 <para role="historic">&man.fmt.1; has been rewritten; the rewrite fixes a number 2050 of bugs compared to its prior behavior. &merged;</para> 2051 2052 <para role="historic">&man.fmtcheck.3;, a function for checking consistency of 2053 format string arguments, has been added. &merged;</para> 2054 2055 <para>&man.fold.1; now supports a <option>-b</option> flag to 2056 break at byte positions and a <option>-s</option> flag to break at 2057 word boundaries.</para> 2058 2059 <para role="historic">&man.fsdb.8; now supports a <literal>blocks</literal> 2060 command to list the blocks allocated by a particular 2061 inode. &merged;</para> 2062 2063 <para>&man.fsck.8; wrappers have been imported; this feature 2064 provides infrastructure for &man.fsck.8; to work on different 2065 types of filesystems (analogous to &man.mount.8;).</para> 2066 2067 <para>The behavior of &man.fsck.8; when dealing with various 2068 passes (a la <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>) has been modified 2069 to accommodate multiple-disk filesystems.</para> 2070 2071 <para>&man.fsck.8; now has support for foreground 2072 (<option>-F</option>) and background (<option>-B</option>) 2073 checks. Traditionally, &man.fsck.8; is invoked before the 2074 filesystems are mounted and all checks are done to completion at 2075 that time. If background checking is available, &man.fsck.8; is 2076 invoked twice. It is first invoked at the traditional time, 2077 before the filesystems are mounted, with the <option>-F</option> 2078 flag to do checking on all the filesystems that cannot do 2079 background checking. It is then invoked a second time, after 2080 the system has completed going multiuser, with the 2081 <option>-B</option> flag to do checking on all the filesystems 2082 that can do background checking. Unlike the foreground 2083 checking, the background checking is started asynchronously so 2084 that other system activity can proceed even on the filesystems 2085 that are being checked. Boot-time enabling of this feature is 2086 controlled by the 2087 <varname>background_fsck</varname> option in &man.rc.conf.5;.</para> 2088 2089 <para role="historic">Shortly after the receipt of a <literal>SIGINFO</literal> 2090 signal (normally control-T from the controlling tty), 2091 &man.fsck.ffs.8; will now output a line indicating the current 2092 phase number and progress information relevant to the current 2093 phase. &merged;</para> 2094 2095 <para>&man.fsck.ffs.8; now supports background filesystem checks 2096 to mounted FFS filesystems with the <option>-B</option> option 2097 (softupdates must be enabled on these filesystems). The 2098 <option>-F</option> flag now determines whether a specified 2099 filesystem needs foreground checking.</para> 2100 2101 <para role="historic">A new &man.fsck.msdosfs.8; utility has been added to check 2102 the consistency of MS-DOS filesystems. &merged;</para> 2103 2104 <para role="historic">&man.ftpd.8; now supports a <option>-r</option> flag for 2105 read-only mode and a <option>-E</option> flag to disable 2106 <literal>EPSV</literal>. It also has some fixes to reduce 2107 information leakage and the ability to specify compile-time port 2108 ranges. &merged;</para> 2109 2110 <para>&man.ftpd.8; now supports <option>-o</option> and 2111 <option>-O</option> options to disable the 2112 <literal>RETR</literal> command; the former for everybody, and 2113 the latter only for guest users. Coupled with 2114 <option>-A</option> and appropriate file permissions, these can 2115 be used to create a relatively safe anonymous FTP drop box for 2116 others to upload to.</para> 2117 2118 <para arch="i386,pc98" role="historic">&man.gdb.1; now supports hardware 2119 watchpoints (using the kernel's debug register + support that 2120 has been introduced in &os; 4.0). &merged;</para> 2121 2122 <para role="historic">The &man.getprogname.3; and &man.setprogname.3; library 2123 functions have been added to manipulate the name of the current 2124 program. They are used by error-reporting routines to produce 2125 consistent output. &merged;</para> 2126 2127 <para>&man.gprof.1; now has a <option>-K</option> option to enable 2128 dynamic symbol resolution from the currently-running kernel. 2129 With this change, properly-compiled KLD modules are now able to 2130 be profiled.</para> 2131 2132 <para role="historic">&man.growfs.8;, a utility for growing FFS filesystems, has 2133 been added. &man.ffsinfo.8;, a utility for dump all the 2134 meta-information of an existing filesystem, has also been 2135 added. &merged;</para> 2136 2137 <para role="historic">The &man.groups.1; and &man.whoami.1; shell scripts are now 2138 unnecessary; their functionality has been completely folded into 2139 &man.id.1;. &merged;</para> 2140 2141 <para>The ibcs(8), linux(8), osf1(8), and 2142 svr4(8) scripts, whose sole purpose was to load emulation 2143 kernel modules, have been removed. The kernel module system 2144 will automatically load them as needed to fulfill 2145 dependencies.</para> 2146 2147 <para role="historic">&man.indent.1; has gained some new formatting 2148 options. &merged;</para> 2149 2150 <para role="historic">&man.ifconfig.8; can set the link-layer address of 2151 an interface using the <option>link</option> parameter. 2152 &merged;</para> 2153 2154 <para role="historic">&man.ifconfig.8; can now accept addresses in slash/CIDR 2155 notation. &merged;</para> 2156 2157 <para role="historic">&man.ifconfig.8; now has support for setting parameters for 2158 IEEE 802.11 wireless network devices. &man.wi.4; and &man.an.4; 2159 devices are supported, and partial support is provided for 2160 &man.awi.4; devices. &merged;</para> 2161 2162 <para role="historic">&man.ifconfig.8; no longer displays the list of supported 2163 media by default. Instead it displays it when the 2164 <option>-m</option> flag is given. &merged;</para> 2165 2166 <para role="historic">The syntax of &man.inetd.8;'s support for &man.faithd.8; is 2167 now compatible with that of other BSDs. &merged;</para> 2168 2169 <para role="historic">The <literal>ident</literal> protocol support in 2170 &man.inetd.8; has been cleaned up and updated. &merged;</para> 2171 2172 <para role="historic">&man.inetd.8; now has the ability to manage UNIX-domain 2173 sockets. &merged;</para> 2174 2175 <para>By default, &man.inetd.8; is no longer run by &man.rc.8; at 2176 boot-time, although &man.sysinstall.8; gives the option of 2177 enabling it during binary installations. &man.inetd.8; can also 2178 be enabled by adding the following line to 2179 <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>:</para> 2180 2181 <programlisting>inetd_enable="YES"</programlisting> 2182 2183 <para role="historic">&man.install.1; has a number of new features, including the 2184 <option>-b</option> and <option>-B</option> options for backing up 2185 existing target files and the <option>-S</option> option for 2186 <quote>safe</quote> (atomic copy) operation. The 2187 <option>-c</option> (copy) flag is now the default, and the 2188 <option>-D</option> (debugging) flag has been withdrawn. 2189 &man.install.1; now issues a warning if <option>-d</option> 2190 (create directories) and <option>-C</option> (copy changed files 2191 only) are used together. &merged;</para> 2192 2193 <para role="historic">IP Filter is now supported by the &man.rc.conf.5; boot-time 2194 configuration and initialization. &merged;</para> 2195 2196 <para role="historic">&man.ipfstat.8; now supports the <option>-t</option> option 2197 to turn on a &man.top.1;-like display. &merged;</para> 2198 2199 <para role="historic">&man.ipfw.8; will now avoid the display of dynamic firewall 2200 rules unless the <option>-d</option> flag is passed to it. The 2201 <option>-e</option> option lists expired dynamic 2202 rules. &merged;</para> 2203 2204 <para role="historic">&man.ipfw.8; has a new feature (<literal>me</literal>) that 2205 allows for packet matching on interfaces with 2206 dynamically-changing IP addresses. &merged;</para> 2207 2208 <para role="historic">&man.ipfw.8; has a new <literal>limit</literal> type of 2209 firewall rule, which limits the number of sessions between 2210 address pairs. &merged;</para> 2211 2212 <para>&man.ipfw.8; filter rules can now match on the value of the 2213 IPv4 precedence field.</para> 2214 2215 <para role="historic">&man.ip6fw.8; now has the ability to use a preprocessor and 2216 use the <option>-q</option> (quiet) flag when reading from a 2217 file. &merged;</para> 2218 2219 <para role="historic">&man.ispppcontrol.8; has been deleted, and its functionality 2220 has been folded into &man.spppcontrol.8;. &merged;</para> 2221 2222 <para role="historic">&man.k5su.8; is no longer installed SUID 2223 <username>root</username> by default. Users requiring this 2224 feature can either manually change the permissions on the 2225 &man.k5su.8; executable or add 2226 <literal>ENABLE_SUID_K5SU=yes</literal> to 2227 <filename>/etc/make.conf</filename> before a source 2228 upgrade. &merged;</para> 2229 2230 <para role="historic">&man.kenv.1;, a command to dump the kernel environment, has 2231 been added. &merged;</para> 2232 2233 <para>&man.kenv.1; now has the ability to set or delete kernel 2234 environment variables.</para> 2235 2236 <para role="historic">&man.keyinfo.1; is now a C program, rather than a Perl 2237 script. &merged;</para> 2238 2239 <para>The kget(8) utility has been removed (it was only 2240 useful for UserConfig, which is not present in &os; 2241 &release.current;).</para> 2242 2243 <para role="historic">&man.killall.1; is now a C program, rather than a Perl 2244 script. As a result, its <option>-m</option> option now uses 2245 the regular expression syntax of &man.regex.3;, rather than that 2246 of Perl. &merged;</para> 2247 2248 <para>&man.killall.1; no longer tries to kill zombie processes 2249 unless the <option>-z</option> flag is specified.</para> 2250 2251 <para role="historic">The &man.kldconfig.8; utility has been added to make it 2252 easier to manipulate the kernel module search 2253 path. &merged;</para> 2254 2255 <para>ktrdump, a utility to dump the ktr trace buffer from 2256 userland, has been added.</para> 2257 2258 <para role="historic">&man.last.1; now implements a <option>-d</option> that 2259 provides a <quote>snapshot</quote> of who was logged in at a 2260 particular date and time. &merged;</para> 2261 2262 <para role="historic">&man.last.1; now supports a <option>-y</option> flag, which 2263 causes the year to be included in the session start time. &merged;</para> 2264 2265 <para role="historic">The &man.lastlogin.8; utility, which prints the last login 2266 time of each user, has been imported from 2267 NetBSD. &merged;</para> 2268 2269 <para role="historic">&man.ldconfig.8; now checks directory ownerships and 2270 permissions for greater security; these checks can be disabled 2271 with the <option>-i</option> flag. &merged;</para> 2272 2273 <para role="historic">&man.ldd.1; can now be used on shared libraries, in addition 2274 to executables. &merged;</para> 2275 2276 <para>&man.ldd.1; now supports a <option>-a</option> flag to list 2277 all the objects that are needed by each loaded object.</para> 2278 2279 <para><filename>libc</filename> is now thread-safe by default; 2280 <filename>libc_r</filename> contains only thread 2281 functions.</para> 2282 2283 <para role="historic"><filename>libcrypt</filename> and 2284 <filename>libdescrypt</filename> have been unified to provide a 2285 configurable password authentication hash library. Both the md5 2286 and des hash methods are provided unless the des hash is 2287 specifically compiled out. &merged;</para> 2288 2289 <para role="historic"><filename>libcrypt</filename> now has support for Blowfish 2290 password hashing. &merged;</para> 2291 2292 <para arch="i386" role="historic"><filename>libdisk</filename> can now do 2293 install-time configuration of the <filename>boot0</filename> 2294 boot loader. &merged;</para> 2295 2296 <para role="historic"><filename>libstand</filename> now has support for 2297 filesystems containing 2298 <application>bzip2</application>-compressed 2299 files. &merged;</para> 2300 2301 <para><filename>libstand</filename> now has support for 2302 overwriting the contents of a file on a UFS filesystem (it 2303 cannot expand or truncate files because the filesystem may be 2304 dirty or inconsistent).</para> 2305 2306 <para role="historic"><filename>libstand</filename> now has support for loading 2307 large kernels and modules split across several physical 2308 media. &merged;</para> 2309 2310 <para role="historic">The default TCP port range used by 2311 <filename>libfetch</filename> for passive FTP retrievals has 2312 changed; this affects the behavior of &man.fetch.1;, which has 2313 gained the <option>-U</option> option to restore the old 2314 behavior. &merged;</para> 2315 2316 <para role="historic"><filename>libfetch</filename> now has support for an 2317 authentication callback. &merged;</para> 2318 2319 <para role="historic"><filename>libfetch</filename> now has support for a 2320 <envar>HTTP_USER_AGENT</envar> environment 2321 variable. &merged;</para> 2322 2323 <para><filename>libgmp</filename> has been superceded by 2324 <filename>libmp</filename>. 2325 2326 <para>The functions from <filename>libposix1e</filename> have been 2327 integrated into <filename>libc</filename>.</para> 2328 2329 <para role="historic"><filename>libusb</filename> has been renamed as 2330 <filename>libusbhid</filename>, following NetBSD's naming 2331 conventions. &merged;</para> 2332 2333 <para role="historic">&man.ln.1; now takes an <option>-i</option> option to 2334 request user confirmation before overwriting an existing 2335 file. &merged;</para> 2336 2337 <para role="historic">&man.ln.1; now takes a <option>-h</option> flag to avoid 2338 following a target that is a link, with a <option>-n</option> 2339 flag for compatibility with other 2340 implementations. &merged;</para> 2341 2342 <para role="historic">&man.logger.1; can now send messages directly to a remote 2343 syslog. &merged;</para> 2344 2345 <para role="historic">&man.login.1; now exports environment variables set by 2346 <application>PAM</application> modules. &merged;</para> 2347 2348 <para role="historic">&man.lpc.8; has been improved; <command>lpc clean</command> 2349 is now somewhat safer, and a new <command>lpc tclean</command> 2350 command has been added to check to see what files would be 2351 removed by <command>lpc clean</command>. &merged;</para> 2352 2353 <para role="historic">&man.lpd.8; now takes two new options: <option>-c</option> 2354 will log all connection errors to &man.syslogd.8;, while 2355 <option>-W</option> will allow connections from non-reserved 2356 ports. &merged;</para> 2357 2358 <para role="historic">&man.lpd.8; now has some support for 2359 <literal>o</literal>-type print-file actions in its control 2360 files, which allows printing of PostScript files generated by 2361 <application>MacOS</application> 10.1. &merged;</para> 2362 2363 <para role="historic">&man.lpd.8; now recognizes the <option>-s</option> flag as 2364 the preferred synonym for <option>-p</option> (these flags 2365 cause &man.lpd.8; not to open a socket for network print 2366 jobs). &merged;</para> 2367 2368 <para role="historic">&man.lpd.8; now implements a new <literal>rc</literal> 2369 printcap option. When specified in a print queue for a remote 2370 host, boolean option causes &man.lpd.8; to resend the data file 2371 for each copy the user requested via <command>lpr 2372 -#<replaceable>n</replaceable></command>. &merged;</para> 2373 2374 <para role="historic">Catching up with most other network utilities in the base 2375 system, &man.lpr.1;, &man.lpd.8;, &man.syslogd.8;, and 2376 &man.logger.1; are now all IPv6-capable. &merged;</para> 2377 2378 <para role="historic"><command>lprm -</command> now works for remote printer 2379 queues. &merged;</para> 2380 2381 <para role="historic">&man.ls.1; can produce colorized listings with the 2382 <option>-G</option> flag (and appropriate terminal support). 2383 The <envar>CLICOLOR</envar> environment variable can be set to 2384 enable colorized listings by default. &merged;</para> 2385 2386 <para role="historic">&man.ls.1; now accepts a <option>-h</option> flag, which 2387 when combined with the <option>-l</option> flag, causes file 2388 sizes to be printed with unit suffixes, such that the number of 2389 digits printed is fewer than four. &merged;</para> 2390 2391 <para>The &man.ls.1; program now supports a <option>-m</option> 2392 flag to list files across a page, a <option>-p</option> flag to 2393 force printing of a <literal>/</literal> after directories, and 2394 a <option>-x</option> flag to sort filenames across a 2395 page.</para> 2396 2397 <para role="historic">&man.m4.1; now accepts a <option>-s</option> flag to cause 2398 it to emit <literal>#line</literal> directives for use by 2399 &man.cpp.1;. &merged;</para> 2400 2401 <para role="historic">&man.mail.1; now takes a <option>-E</option> flag to avoid 2402 sending messages with empty bodies. &merged;</para> 2403 2404 <para role="historic">&man.make.1; has gained the <literal>:C///</literal> 2405 (regular expression substitution), <literal>:L</literal> 2406 (lowercase), and <literal>:U</literal> (uppercase) variable 2407 modifiers. These were added to reduce the differences between 2408 the &os; and OpenBSD/NetBSD &man.make.1; programs. 2409 &merged;</para> 2410 2411 <para role="historic">Bugs in &man.make.1;, among which include broken null suffix 2412 behavior, bad assumptions about current directory permissions, 2413 and potential buffer overflows, have been fixed. &merged;</para> 2414 2415 <para role="historic">The new <varname>CPUTYPE</varname> 2416 <filename>make.conf</filename> variable controls the compilation 2417 of processor-specific optimizations in various pieces of code 2418 such as <application>OpenSSL</application>. &merged;</para> 2419 2420 <para role="historic">The &os; <filename>Makefile</filename> infrastructure now 2421 supports the <varname>WARNS</varname> directive from NetBSD. 2422 This directive controls the addition of compiler warning flags 2423 to <varname>CFLAGS</varname> in a relatively compiler-neutral 2424 manner. &merged;</para> 2425 2426 <para>&man.makewhatis.1; is now a C program, instead of a 2427 Perl script.</para> 2428 2429 <para>&man.man.1; is no longer installed SUID 2430 <username>man</username>, in order to reduce vulnerabilities 2431 associated with generating <quote>catpages</quote> (preformatted 2432 manual pages cached for repeated viewing). As a result, 2433 &man.man.1; can no longer create system catpages on a regular 2434 user's behalf. It is still able to do so if the user has write 2435 permissions to the directory holding catpages (e.g. a user's own 2436 manpages) or if the running user is 2437 <username>root</username>.</para> 2438 2439 <para>The &man.mdmfs.8; command has been added; it is a wrapper 2440 around &man.mdconfig.8;, &man.disklabel.8;, &man.newfs.8;, and 2441 &man.mount.8; that mimics the command line option set of the 2442 deprecated &man.mount.mfs.8;.</para> 2443 2444 <para role="historic">&man.mergemaster.8; now sources an 2445 <filename>/etc/mergemaster.rc</filename> file and also prompts 2446 the user to run recommended commands (such as 2447 <command>newaliases</command>) as needed. &merged;</para> 2448 2449 <para role="historic">&man.mergemaster.8; now supports two new flags. 2450 The <option>-p</option> flag enables a 2451 <quote>pre-<literal>buildworld</literal></quote> mode to files 2452 known to be essential to the success of the 2453 <literal>buildworld</literal> and 2454 <literal>installworld</literal> system updating steps. The 2455 <option>-C</option> flag, used after a successful 2456 &man.mergemaster.8; run, compares options in 2457 <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> to the default options in 2458 <filename>/etc/defaults/rc.conf</filename>. &merged;</para> 2459 2460 <para role="historic">mk_cmds(1) and the associated 2461 <filename>libss</filename> have been removed; they have been 2462 unused for quite some time. &merged;</para> 2463 2464 <para role="historic">&man.moused.8; now takes a <option>-a</option> option to 2465 control mouse acceleration. &merged;</para> 2466 2467 <para role="historic">&man.mtree.8; now includes support for a file that lists 2468 pathnames to be excluded when creating and verifying prototypes. 2469 This makes it easier to use &man.mtree.8; as a part of an 2470 intrusion-detection system. &merged;</para> 2471 2472 <para>&man.mv.1; now takes a (nonstandard) <option>-n</option> to 2473 automatically answer <quote>no</quote> when it would ask to 2474 overwrite a file.</para> 2475 2476 <para role="historic">&man.natd.8; now supports a 2477 <option>-log_ipfw_denied</option> option to log packets that 2478 cannot be re-injected because they are blocked by &man.ipfw.8; 2479 rules. &merged;</para> 2480 2481 <para role="historic">The <quote>in use</quote> percentage metric displayed by 2482 &man.netstat.1; now really reflects the percentage of network 2483 mbufs used. &merged;</para> 2484 2485 <para role="historic">&man.netstat.1; now has a <option>-W</option> flag that 2486 tells it not to truncate addresses, even if they're too long for 2487 the column they're printed in. &merged;</para> 2488 2489 <para role="historic">&man.netstat.1; now keeps track of input and output packets 2490 on a per-address basis for each interface. &merged;</para> 2491 2492 <para role="historic">&man.netstat.1; now has a <option>-z</option> flag to reset 2493 statistics. &merged;</para> 2494 2495 <para role="historic">&man.netstat.1; now has a <option>-S</option> flag to print 2496 address numerically but port names symbolically. &merged;</para> 2497 2498 <para role="historic">&man.newfs.8; now implements write combining, which can make 2499 creation of new filesystems up to seven times 2500 faster. &merged;</para> 2501 2502 <para role="historic">&man.newfs.8; now takes a <option>-U</option> option to 2503 enable softupdates on a new filesystem. &merged;</para> 2504 2505 <para role="historic">The default number of cylinders per group in &man.newfs.8; 2506 is now computed to be the maximum allowable given the current 2507 filesystem parameters. It can be overridden with the 2508 <option>-c</option> option. Formerly, the default was fixed at 2509 16. This change leads to better &man.fsck.8; performance and 2510 reduced fragmentation. &merged;</para> 2511 2512 <para role="historic"><anchor id="newfs-block-frag-sizes">The default block and 2513 fragment sizes for new filesystems created by &man.newfs.8; are 2514 now 16384 and 2048 bytes, respectively (the old defaults were 2515 8192 and 1024 bytes). This change generally provides increased 2516 performance, at the expense of some wasted disk 2517 space. &merged;</para> 2518 2519 <para>A number of archaic features of &man.newfs.8; have been 2520 removed; these implement tuning features that are essentially 2521 useless on modern hard disks. These features were controlled by 2522 the <option>-O</option>, <option>-d</option>, 2523 <option>-k</option>, <option>-l</option>, <option>-n</option>, 2524 <option>-p</option>, <option>-r</option>, <option>-t</option>, 2525 and <option>-x</option> flags.</para> 2526 2527 <para role="historic">&man.newsyslog.8; now has the ability to compress log files 2528 using &man.bzip2.1;. &merged;</para> 2529 2530 <para><application>NFS</application> now works over IPv6.</para> 2531 2532 <para role="historic">&man.ngctl.8; now supports a <option>write</option> command 2533 to send a data packet down a given hook. &merged;</para> 2534 2535 <para role="historic">&man.nl.1;, a line numbering filter program, has been 2536 added. &merged;</para> 2537 2538 <para><application>nsswitch</application> support has been merged 2539 from NetBSD. By creating an &man.nsswitch.conf.5; file, &os; 2540 can be configured so that various databases such as 2541 &man.passwd.5; and &man.group.5; can be looked up using flat 2542 files, NIS, or Hesiod. The old 2543 <filename>hosts.conf</filename> file is no longer used.</para> 2544 2545 <para><application>PAM</application> support has been added for 2546 account management and sessions.</para> 2547 2548 <para><application>PAM</application> configuration is now 2549 specified by files in <filename>/etc/pam.d/</filename>, rather 2550 than a single <filename>/etc/pam.conf</filename> file. 2551 <filename>/etc/pam.d/README</filename> has more details.</para> 2552 2553 <para>A &man.pam.ftp.8; module has been added to allow 2554 authentication of anonymous FTP users.</para> 2555 2556 <para>A &man.pam.ftpusers.8; module has been added to perform 2557 checks against the &man.ftpusers.5; file.</para> 2558 2559 <para>A &man.pam.lastlog.8; module has been added to record 2560 sessions in the &man.utmp.5;, &man.wtmp.5;, and &man.lastlog.5; 2561 databases.</para> 2562 2563 <para>A &man.pam.login.access.8; module has been added, to allow 2564 checking against <filename>/etc/login.access</filename>.</para> 2565 2566 <para>The &man.pam.nologin.8; module, which can disallow logins 2567 using &man.nologin.5;, has been added.</para> 2568 2569 <para>The &man.pam.opie.8; and &man.pam.opieaccess.8; modules have 2570 been added to control authentication via &man.opie.4;.</para> 2571 2572 <para>A &man.pam.passwdqc.8; module has been added, to check the 2573 quality of passwords submitted during password changes.</para> 2574 2575 <para>A &man.pam.rhosts.8; module has been added to support 2576 &man.rhosts.5; authentication.</para> 2577 2578 <para>The &man.pam.rootok.8; module, which can be used to 2579 authenticate only the superuser, has been added.</para> 2580 2581 <para>A &man.pam.securetty.8; module has been added to check the 2582 <quote>security</quote> of a TTY, as listed in &man.ttys.5;.</para> 2583 2584 <para>A &man.pam.self.8; module, which allows self-authentication 2585 of a user, has been added.</para> 2586 2587 <para role="historic">A &man.pam.ssh.8; module has been added to allow the use of 2588 SSH passphrases and keypairs for authentication. This module 2589 also handles session management by invoking 2590 &man.ssh-agent.1;. &merged;</para> 2591 2592 <para>A &man.pam.wheel.8; module has been added to permit 2593 authentication to members of a group, which defaults to 2594 <groupname>wheel</groupname>.</para> 2595 2596 <para role="historic">&man.passwd.1; and &man.pw.8; now select the password hash 2597 algorithm at run time. See the <literal>passwd_format</literal> 2598 attribute in 2599 <filename>/etc/login.conf</filename>. &merged;</para> 2600 2601 <para role="historic">&man.patch.1; now accepts a <option>-i</option> command-line 2602 flag to read a patch from a file, rather than standard 2603 input. &merged;</para> 2604 2605 <para>The &man.pathchk.1; utility, which checks pathnames for 2606 validity or portability between POSIX systems, has been 2607 added.</para> 2608 2609 <para role="historic">&man.pax.1; has received a number of enhancements, including 2610 &man.cpio.1; functionality, &man.tar.1; compatibility 2611 enhancements, <option>-z</option> and <option>-Z</option> flags 2612 for &man.gzip.1; and &man.compress.1; functionality, and a 2613 number of bug fixes. &merged;</para> 2614 2615 <para role="historic">&man.pciconf.8; now supports a <option>-v</option> option to 2616 display the vendor/device information of configured devices, in 2617 conjunction with the <option>-l</option> option. The default 2618 vendor/device database can be found at 2619 <filename>/usr/share/misc/pci_vendors</filename>. &merged;</para> 2620 2621 <para role="historic">The behavior of &man.periodic.8; is now controlled by 2622 <filename>/etc/defaults/periodic.conf</filename> and 2623 <filename>/etc/periodic.conf</filename>. &merged;</para> 2624 2625 <para role="historic">&man.ping.8; now supports a <option>-m</option> option to 2626 set the TTL of outgoing packets. &merged;</para> 2627 2628 <para role="historic">&man.ping.8; now supports a <option>-A</option> option to 2629 beep when packets are lost. &merged;</para> 2630 2631 <para role="historic">Userland &man.ppp.8; has received a number of updates and 2632 bug fixes. &merged;</para> 2633 2634 <para role="historic">&man.ppp.8; has gained the <literal>tcpmssfixup</literal> 2635 option, which adjusts outgoing and incoming TCP SYN packets so 2636 that the maximum receive segment size is no larger than allowed 2637 by the interface MTU. &merged;</para> 2638 2639 <para role="historic">&man.ppp.8; now supports IPv6. &merged;</para> 2640 2641 <para role="historic">&man.pppd.8; (the control program for kernel-level PPP) is 2642 now installed mode <literal>4550</literal> and 2643 <username>root</username><literal>:</literal><groupname>dialer</groupname>, 2644 rather than mode <literal>4555</literal> (in other words, it is 2645 no longer world-executable). Users of &man.pppd.8; may need to 2646 change their group settings. &merged;</para> 2647 2648 <para role="historic">&man.pr.1; now supports the <option>-f</option> and 2649 <option>-p</option> flags to pause output going to a 2650 terminal. &merged;</para> 2651 2652 <para role="historic">The <option>-W</option> option to &man.ps.1; (to extract 2653 information from a specified swap device) has been useless for 2654 some time; it has been removed. &merged;</para> 2655 2656 <para role="historic">&man.pwd.1; can now double as &man.realpath.1;, a program to 2657 resolve pathnames to their underlying physical 2658 paths. &merged;</para> 2659 2660 <para>&man.pwd.1; now supports the <option>-L</option> flag to 2661 print the logical current working directory.</para> 2662 2663 <para>The pseudo-random number generator implemented by 2664 &man.rand.3; has been improved to provide less biased 2665 results.</para> 2666 2667 <para role="historic">&man.rc.8; now has an framework for handling dependencies 2668 between &man.rc.conf.5; variables. &merged;</para> 2669 2670 <para role="historic">&man.rc.8; now deletes all non-directory files in 2671 <filename>/var/run</filename> and 2672 <filename>/var/spool/lock</filename> at boot 2673 time. &merged;</para> 2674 2675 <para>&man.rcmd.3; now supports the use of the 2676 <envar>RSH</envar> environment variable to specify a program to 2677 use other than &man.rsh.1; for remote execution. As a result, 2678 programs such as &man.dump.8;, can use &man.ssh.1; for remote 2679 transport.</para> 2680 2681 <para>&man.rdist.1; has been retired from the base system, but is 2682 still available from &os; Ports Collection as 2683 <filename role="package">net/44bsd-rdist</filename>.</para> 2684 2685 <para role="historic">&man.reboot.8; now takes a <option>-k</option> to specify 2686 the next kernel to boot. &merged;</para> 2687 2688 <para>The &man.renice.8; command implements a <option>-n</option> 2689 option, which specifies an increment to be applied to the 2690 priority of a process.</para> 2691 2692 <para role="historic">The &man.resolver.3; in &os; now implements EDNS0 support, 2693 which will be necessary when working with IPv6 transport-ready 2694 resolvers/DNS servers. &merged;</para> 2695 2696 <para role="historic">The &man.rfork.thread.3; library call has been added as a 2697 helper function to &man.rfork.2;. Using this function should 2698 avoid the need to implement complex stack swap 2699 code. &merged;</para> 2700 2701 <para>The <option>-v</option> option to &man.rm.1; now displays 2702 the entire pathname of a file being removed.</para> 2703 2704 <para role="historic">&man.route.8; is now more verbose when changing indirect 2705 routes, in the case of a gateway route that is the same route as 2706 the one being modified. &merged;</para> 2707 2708 <para role="historic">&man.route.8; now uses 2709 <literal><replaceable>host</replaceable>/<replaceable>bits</replaceable></literal> 2710 syntax instead of 2711 <literal><replaceable>net</replaceable>/<replaceable>bits</replaceable></literal> 2712 syntax, for compatibility with &man.netstat.1;. &merged;</para> 2713 2714 <para role="historic">&man.route.8; can now create <quote>proxy only</quote> 2715 published ARP entries. &merged;</para> 2716 2717 <para role="historic">The &man.route.8; <option>add</option> command now supports 2718 the <option>-ifp</option> and <option>-ifa</option> 2719 modifiers. &merged;</para> 2720 2721 <para>&man.rpcbind.8; has replaced &man.portmap.8;.</para> 2722 2723 <para>&man.rpcgen.1; now uses <filename>/usr/bin/cpp</filename> 2724 (as on NetBSD), not 2725 <filename>/usr/libexec/cpp</filename>.</para> 2726 2727 <para>&man.rpc.lockd.8; has been imported from NetBSD. This 2728 daemon provides support for servicing client NFS locks.</para> 2729 2730 <para role="historic">The performance of the ELF dynamic linker &man.rtld.1; has 2731 been improved. &merged;</para> 2732 2733 <para role="historic">RSA Security has waived all patent rights to the 2734 <application>RSA</application> algorithm. As a result, the 2735 native <application>OpenSSL</application> implementation of the 2736 RSA algorithm is now activated by default, and the <filename 2737 role="package">security/rsaref</filename> port and the 2738 <filename>librsaUSA</filename> and 2739 <filename>librsaINTL</filename> libraries are no longer required 2740 for USA and non-USA residents respectively. &merged;</para> 2741 2742 <para>&man.rtld.1; will now print the names of all objects that 2743 cause each object to be loaded, if the 2744 <varname>LD_TRACE_LOADED_OBJECTS_ALL</varname> environment 2745 variable is defined.</para> 2746 2747 <para role="historic">&man.savecore.8; now supports a <option>-k</option> option 2748 to prevent clearing a crash dump after saving it. It also 2749 attempts to avoid writing large stretches of zeros to crash dump 2750 files to save space and time. &merged;</para> 2751 2752 <para role="historic">&man.savecore.8; now works correctly on machines with 2 GB 2753 or more of RAM. &merged;</para> 2754 2755 <para>The &man.sccs.1; front-end to the Source Code Control System 2756 has been revived.</para> 2757 2758 <para role="historic">&man.sed.1; now takes a <option>-E</option> option for 2759 extended regular expression support. &merged;</para> 2760 2761 <para>&man.sed.1; now takes a <option>-i</option> option to enable 2762 in-place editing of files.</para> 2763 2764 <para role="historic">&man.send-pr.1; now takes a <option>-a</option> option to 2765 include a file into the <literal>Fix:</literal> section of a 2766 problem report. &merged;</para> 2767 2768 <para>The &man.setfacl.1; and &man.getfacl.1; commands have been 2769 added to manage filesystem Access Control Lists.</para> 2770 2771 <para role="historic">&man.setproctitle.3; has been moved from 2772 <filename>libutil</filename> to 2773 <filename>libc</filename>. &merged;</para> 2774 2775 <para role="historic">&man.sh.1; now implements <command>test</command> as a 2776 built-in command for improved efficiency. &merged;</para> 2777 2778 <para>&man.sh.1; no longer implements <command>printf</command> as 2779 a built-in command because it was considered less valuable 2780 compared to the other built-in commands (this functionality is, 2781 of course, still available through the &man.printf.1; 2782 executable).</para> 2783 2784 <para>&man.sh.1; now supports a <option>-C</option> option to 2785 prevent existing regular files from being overwritten by output 2786 redirection, and a <option>-u</option> to give an error if an 2787 unset variable is expanded.</para> 2788 2789 <para role="historic">&man.sockstat.1; now has <option>-c</option> and 2790 <option>-l</option> flags for listing connected and listening 2791 sockets, respectively. &merged;</para> 2792 2793 <para>&man.spkrtest.8; is now a &man.sh.1; script, rather than a 2794 Perl script.</para> 2795 2796 <para role="historic">&man.split.1; now has the ability to split a file longer 2797 than 2GB. &merged;</para> 2798 2799 <para>&man.split.1; now supports a <option>-a</option> option to 2800 specify the number of letters to use for the suffix of split 2801 files.</para> 2802 2803 <para>In preparation for meeting SUSv2/POSIX 2804 <filename><sys/select.h></filename> requirements, 2805 <literal>struct selinfo</literal> and related functions have been 2806 moved to <filename><sys/selinfo.h></filename>.</para> 2807 2808 <para role="historic">The &man.strnstr.3; and &man.strcasestr.3; variants of 2809 &man.strstr.3; have been implemented. &merged;</para> 2810 2811 <para role="historic">&man.stty.1; now has support for an 2812 <literal>erase2</literal> control character, so that, for 2813 example, both the <keycap>Delete</keycap> and 2814 <keycap>Backspace</keycap> keys can be used to erase 2815 characters. &merged;</para> 2816 2817 <para>&man.su.1; now uses <application>PAM</application> for 2818 authentication.</para> 2819 2820 <para role="historic">Boot-time &man.syscons.4; configuration was moved to a 2821 machine-independent 2822 <filename>/etc/rc.syscons</filename>. &merged;</para> 2823 2824 <para role="historic">&man.sysctl.8; now supports a <option>-N</option> option to 2825 print out variable names only. &merged;</para> 2826 2827 <para role="historic">&man.sysctl.8; has replaced the <option>-A</option> and 2828 <option>-X</option> options with <option>-ao</option> and 2829 <option>-ax</option> respectively; the former options are now 2830 deprecated. The <option>-w</option> option is deprecated as 2831 well; it is not needed to determine the user's 2832 intentions. &merged;</para> 2833 2834 <para role="historic">&man.sysctl.8; now supports a <option>-e</option> option to 2835 separate variable names and values by <literal>=</literal> 2836 rather than <literal>:</literal>. This feature is useful for 2837 producing output that can be fed back to 2838 &man.sysctl.8;. &merged;</para> 2839 2840 <para>&man.sysctl.8; now accepts a <option>-d</option> flag to print 2841 the descriptions of variables.</para> 2842 2843 <para role="historic">&man.sysinstall.8; now properly preserves 2844 <filename>/etc/mail</filename> during a binary 2845 upgrade. &merged;</para> 2846 2847 <para role="historic">&man.sysinstall.8; now uses some more intuitive defaults 2848 thanks to some new dialog support functions. &merged;</para> 2849 2850 <para>The default root partition in &man.sysinstall.8; is now 2851 100MB on the i386 and pc98, 120MB on the Alpha.</para> 2852 2853 <para>&man.sysinstall.8; now lives in 2854 <filename>/usr/sbin</filename>, which simplifies the 2855 installation process. The &man.sysinstall.8; manpage is also 2856 installed in a more consistent fashion now.</para> 2857 2858 <para role="historic">&man.sysinstall.8; now has the ability to load KLDs as a 2859 part of the installation. &merged;</para> 2860 2861 <para role="historic">When run from the installation media, &man.sysinstall.8; 2862 will automatically load any device drivers found in the 2863 <filename>/stand/modules</filename> directory of the 2864 <literal>mfsroot</literal> floppy or filesystem image. Note 2865 that any drivers so loaded will not appear in the kernel's boot 2866 messages; the &man.sysinstall.8; debugging screen will provide 2867 additional information. &merged;</para> 2868 2869 <para role="historic">&man.sysinstall.8; now enables Soft Updates by default on 2870 all filesystems it creates, except for the root 2871 filesystem. &merged;</para> 2872 2873 <para role="historic">&man.sysinstall.8; has received updates for its 2874 <quote>auto</quote> partitioning mode which provide more 2875 reasonable defaults for the sizes of partitions that are 2876 created; auto-sized partitions can now also recover the space 2877 that becomes available when other partitions are 2878 deleted. &merged;</para> 2879 2880 <para>&man.sysinstall.8; no longer mounts the &man.procfs.5; 2881 filesystem by default on new installs.</para> 2882 2883 <para role="historic">&man.sysinstall.8; now has rudimentary support for 2884 retrieving packages from the correct volume of a multiple-volume 2885 installation (such as a multi-CD distribution). &merged;</para> 2886 2887 <para role="historic">&man.syslogd.8; can take a <option>-n</option> option to 2888 disable DNS queries for every request. &merged;</para> 2889 2890 <para role="historic">&man.syslogd.8; now supports a 2891 <literal>LOG_CONSOLE</literal> facility (disabled by default), 2892 which can be used to log <filename>/dev/console</filename> 2893 output. &merged;</para> 2894 2895 <para role="historic">&man.syslogd.8; now has the ability to bind to a specific 2896 address (as opposed to using every available one) via the 2897 <option>-b</option> option. &merged;</para> 2898 2899 <para role="historic">&man.syslogd.8; now accepts a <option>-c</option> flag to 2900 disable repeated line compression. &merged;</para> 2901 2902 <para>&man.tabs.1;, a utility to set terminal tab stops, has been 2903 added.</para> 2904 2905 <para role="historic">&man.tail.1; now has the ability to work on files longer 2906 than 2GB. &merged;</para> 2907 2908 <para role="historic">&man.tar.1; now supports the <varname>TAR_RSH</varname> 2909 variable, principally to enable the use of &man.ssh.1; as a 2910 transport. &merged;</para> 2911 2912 <para role="historic">&man.telnet.1; now does autologin and encryption by default; 2913 a new <option>-y</option> option turns off encryption. &merged;</para> 2914 2915 <para role="historic">&man.telnet.1; now supports a <option>-u</option> flag to 2916 allow connections to UNIX-domain (<literal>AF_UNIX</literal>) 2917 sockets. &merged;</para> 2918 2919 <para role="historic">&man.tftp.1; and &man.tftpd.8; now support IPv6. &merged;</para> 2920 2921 <para role="historic">&man.tftpd.8; now takes the <option>-c</option> and 2922 <option>-C</option> options, which allow the server to 2923 &man.chroot.2; based on the IP address of the connecting client. 2924 &man.tftp.1; and &man.tftpd.8; can now transfer files larger 2925 than 65535 blocks. &merged;</para> 2926 2927 <para>&man.tftpd.8; now supports RFC 2349 (TFTP Timeout Interval 2928 and Transfer Size Options); this feature is required by some 2929 firmware like EFI boot managers (at least on HP i2000 Itanium 2930 servers) in order to boot an image using 2931 <application>TFTP</application>.</para> 2932 2933 <para arch="alpha">&man.timed.8; now works on the alpha.</para> 2934 2935 <para>A version of Transport Independent RPC 2936 (<application>TI-RPC</application>) has been imported.</para> 2937 2938 <para role="historic">&man.tmpnam.3; will now use the <envar>TMPDIR</envar> 2939 environment variable, if set, to specify the location of 2940 temporary files. &merged;</para> 2941 2942 <para>&man.tip.1; has been updated from 2943 <application>OpenBSD</application>, and has the ability to act 2944 as a &man.cu.1; substitute.</para> 2945 2946 <para>&man.top.1; will now use the full width of its tty.</para> 2947 2948 <para>&man.touch.1; now takes a <option>-h</option> option to 2949 operate on a symbolic link, rather than what the link points 2950 to.</para> 2951 2952 <para role="historic">The &man.truncate.1; utility, which truncates or extends the 2953 length of files, has been added. &merged;</para> 2954 2955 <para role="historic">Ukrainian language support has been added to the &os; 2956 console. &merged;</para> 2957 2958 <para><application>UUCP</application> has been removed from the 2959 base system. It can be found in the Ports Collection, in 2960 <filename role="package">net/freebsd-uucp</filename>.</para> 2961 2962 <para>&man.unexpand.1; now supports a <option>-t</option> to 2963 specify tabstabs analogous to &man.expand.1;.</para> 2964 2965 <para role="historic">&man.units.1; has received some updates and 2966 bugfixes. &merged;</para> 2967 2968 <para>&man.usbdevs.8; now supports a <option>-d</option> flag to 2969 show the device driver associated with each device.</para> 2970 2971 <para role="historic">The &man.usbhidctl.1; utility has been added to manipulate 2972 USB Human Interface Devices. &merged;</para> 2973 2974 <para role="historic">&man.uuencode.1; and &man.uudecode.1; now accept a <option>-o</option> option to 2975 set their output files. &man.uuencode.1; can now be made to do base64 encoding 2976 when given the <option>-m</option> flag, while &man.uudecode.1; 2977 can now automatically decode base64 files. &merged;</para> 2978 2979 <para>The base64 capabilities of &man.uuencode.1; and 2980 &man.uudecode.1; can now be automatically enabled by invoking 2981 these utilities as &man.b64encode.1; and &man.b64decode.1; 2982 respectively.</para> 2983 2984 <para role="historic">&man.vidcontrol.1; now accepts a <option>-g</option> 2985 parameter to select custom text geometry in the 2986 <literal>VESA_800x600</literal> raster text mode. &merged;</para> 2987 2988 <para role="historic">&man.vidcontrol.1; now allows the user to omit the font size 2989 specification when loading a font, and has some better 2990 error-handling. &merged;</para> 2991 2992 <para role="historic">&man.vidcontrol.1; now supports a <option>-p</option> option 2993 to take a snapshot of a &man.syscons.4; video buffer. These 2994 snapshots can be manipulated by the 2995 <filename role="package">graphics/scr2png</filename> utility in 2996 the Ports Collection. &merged;</para> 2997 2998 <para role="historic">&man.vidcontrol.1; now supports a <option>-C</option> option 2999 to clear the history buffer for a given tty, as well as a 3000 <option>-h</option> option to set the size of the history 3001 buffer. &merged;</para> 3002 3003 <para>The default stripe size in &man.vinum.8; has been changed 3004 from 256KB to 279KB, to spread out superblocks more evenly 3005 between stripes.</para> 3006 3007 <para role="historic">&man.wall.1; now supports a <option>-g</option> flag to 3008 write a message to all users of a given group. &merged;</para> 3009 3010 <para role="historic">&man.watch.8; now takes a <option>-f</option> option to 3011 specify a &man.snp.4; device to use. &merged;</para> 3012 3013 <para>&man.which.1; is now a C program, rather than a Perl 3014 script.</para> 3015 3016 <para>&man.who.1; now has a number of new options: 3017 <option>-H</option> shows column headings; <option>-T</option> 3018 shows &man.mesg.1; state; <option>-m</option> is an equivalent 3019 to <option>am i</option>; <option>-u</option> shows idle time; 3020 <option>-q</option> to list names in columns.</para> 3021 3022 <para role="historic">&man.whois.1; now directs queries for IP addresses to ARIN. 3023 If a query to ARIN references APNIC or RIPE, the appropriate 3024 server will also be queried, provided that the 3025 <option>-Q</option> option is not specified. &merged;</para> 3026 3027 <para role="historic">&man.whois.1; supports a <option>-c</option> option to 3028 specify a country code to help direct queries towards a 3029 particular whois server. &merged;</para> 3030 3031 <para>&man.xargs.1; now supports a <option>-I</option> 3032 <replaceable>replstr</replaceable> option that allows the user 3033 to tell &man.xargs.1; to insert the data read from standard 3034 input at specific points in the command line arguments rather 3035 than at the end. (A &os;-specific <option>-J</option> option is 3036 similar, but is now deprecated in favor of the more portable 3037 <option>-I</option> option.)</para> 3038 3039 <para>&man.xargs.1; now supports a <option>-L</option> option to 3040 force its utility argument to be called after some number of 3041 lines.</para> 3042 3043 <para role="historic">The compiler chain now uses the FSF-supplied C/C++ runtime 3044 initialization code. This change brings about better 3045 compatibility with code generated from the various egcs and gcc 3046 ports, as well as the stock public FSF source. &merged;</para> 3047 3048 <para role="historic">The threads library has gained some signal handling changes, 3049 bug fixes, and performance enhancements (including zero system 3050 call thread switching). &man.gdb.1; thread support has been 3051 updated to match these changes. &merged;</para> 3052 3053 <para role="historic">Significant additions have been made to internationalization 3054 support; &os; now has complete locale support for the 3055 <literal>LC_MONETARY</literal>, <literal>LC_NUMERIC</literal>, 3056 and <literal>LC_MESSAGES</literal> categories. A number of 3057 applications have been updated to take advantage of this 3058 support. &merged;</para> 3059 3060 <para role="historic">Locale names have been changed to improve compatibility with 3061 the names used by X11R6, as well as a number of other UNIX 3062 versions. As an example, the 3063 <literal>en_US.ISO_8859-1</literal> locale name has been changed 3064 to 3065 <literal>en_US.ISO8859-1</literal>. Entries in 3066 <filename>/etc/locale.alias</filename> provide backward 3067 compatibility. &merged;</para> 3068 3069 <para role="historic"><filename>/usr/src/share/examples/BSD_daemon/</filename> now 3070 contains a scalable Beastie graphic. &merged;</para> 3071 3072 <para role="historic">As part of an ongoing process, many manual pages were 3073 improved, both in terms of their formatting markup and in their 3074 content. &merged;</para> 3075 3076 <para>A number of utilities and libraries were enhanced to improve 3077 their conformance with the Single UNIX Specification (SUSv3) and 3078 IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 (<quote>POSIX.1</quote>). Specific 3079 features added have been listed in the release notes for each 3080 utility. The standards conformance of each utility or library 3081 function is generally listed in its manual page.</para> 3082 3083 <sect3> 3084 <title>Contributed Software</title> 3085 3086 <para><application>am-utils</application> has been updated to 3087 6.0.7.</para> 3088 3089 <para>A 10 February 2002 snapshot of <application>awk</application> from Bell Labs (variously 3090 known as <quote>BWK awk</quote> or <quote>The One True 3091 AWK</quote>) has been imported. It is available as 3092 <command>awk</command> or 3093 <command>nawk</command>.</para> 3094 3095 <para role="historic"><application>bc</application> has been updated from 1.04 to 3096 1.06. &merged;</para> 3097 3098 <para role="historic">The ISC library from the <application>BIND</application> 3099 distribution is now built as 3100 <filename>libisc</filename>. &merged;</para> 3101 3102 <para role="historic"><application>BIND</application> is now built with the 3103 <literal>NOADDITIONAL</literal> flag, which causes 3104 &man.named.8; to operate in a more consistent fashion for 3105 certain common misconfigurations. &merged;</para> 3106 3107 <para role="historic"><application>BIND</application> has been updated to 3108 8.3.2-T1B. &merged;</para> 3109 3110 <para><application>Binutils</application> has been updated to 3111 2.12.0.</para> 3112 3113 <para role="historic"><application>bzip2</application> 1.0.2 has been imported; 3114 this brings the &man.bzip2.1; program and the 3115 <filename>libbz2</filename> library to the base 3116 system. &merged;</para> 3117 3118 <para role="historic">The &man.ee.1; <application>Easy Editor</application> has 3119 been updated to 1.4.2. &merged;</para> 3120 3121 <para><application>file</application> has been updated to 3122 3.37.</para> 3123 3124 <para><application>gcc</application> has been updated to 3125 a snapshot of <application>gcc</application> 3.1. 3126 <warning> 3127 <para>The integration of <application>gcc</application> is 3128 very new. Some applications and programs in the base 3129 system require fixes or compiler flags to build 3130 correctly. Work to address these problems is ongoing.</para> 3131 </warning> 3132 </para> 3133 3134 <para role="historic">&man.gcc.1; now uses a unified <filename>libgcc</filename> 3135 rather than a separate one for threaded and non-threaded 3136 programs. <filename>/usr/lib/libgcc_r.a</filename> can be 3137 removed. &merged;</para> 3138 3139 <para role="historic">&man.gcc.1; now supports the environment variable 3140 <envar>GCC_OPTIONS</envar>, which can hold a set of default 3141 options for <application>GCC</application>. &merged;</para> 3142 3143 <para role="historic"><application>GNATS</application> has been updated to 3144 3.113. &merged;</para> 3145 3146 <para><application>GNU awk</application> has been updated to 3147 3.1.0. It is now available as <command>gawk</command>.</para> 3148 3149 <para><application>gperf</application> has been updated to 3150 2.7.2.</para> 3151 3152 <para role="historic"><application>groff</application> and its related utilities 3153 have been updated to FSF version 1.17.2. This import brings 3154 in a new &man.mdoc.7; macro package (sometimes referred to as 3155 <literal>mdocNG</literal>), which removes many of the 3156 limitations of its predecessor. &merged;</para> 3157 3158 <para role="historic"><application>Heimdal Kerberos</application> has been updated to 3159 0.4e. &merged;</para> 3160 3161 <para role="historic">The version of <application>IPFilter</application> 3162 provided with &os; now includes the &man.ipfs.8; program, 3163 which allows state information created for NAT entries and 3164 stateful rules to be saved to disk and restored after a 3165 reboot. Boot-time configuration of these features is 3166 supported by &man.rc.conf.5;. &merged;</para> 3167 3168 <para role="historic">The <application>ISC DHCP</application> client has been 3169 updated to 3.0.1RC8. &merged;</para> 3170 3171 <para role="historic"><application>Kerberos IV</application> has been updated to 3172 1.0.5. &merged;</para> 3173 3174 <para>The &man.more.1; command has been replaced by 3175 &man.less.1;, although it can still be run as 3176 <command>more</command>. &merged; Version 371 of 3177 <application>less</application> has been imported.</para> 3178 3179 <para role="historic"><application>libpcap</application> has been updated to 3180 0.6.2. &merged;</para> 3181 3182 <para><application>libreadline</application> has been updated to 3183 4.2.</para> 3184 3185 <para><application>libz</application> has been updated to 3186 1.1.4.</para> 3187 3188 <para><application>lint</application> has been updated to 3189 snapshot of NetBSD &man.lint.1; as of 3 March 2002.</para> 3190 3191 <para><application>lukemftp</application> (the FTP client from 3192 NetBSD) has replaced the &os; &man.ftp.1; program. Among its 3193 new features are more automation methods, better standards 3194 compliance, transfer rate throttling, and a customizable 3195 command-line prompt. Some environment variables and 3196 command-line arguments have changed.</para> 3197 3198 <para>The FTP daemon from NetBSD, otherwise known as 3199 <application>lukemftpd</application>, has been imported and is 3200 available as &man.lukemftpd.8;.</para> 3201 3202 <para>&man.m4.1; has been imported from OpenBSD, as of 26 April 3203 2002.</para> 3204 3205 <para><application>ncurses</application> has been updated to 3206 5.2-20020518.</para> 3207 3208 <para role="historic">The <application>NTP</application> suite of programs has 3209 been updated to 4.1.0. &merged;</para> 3210 3211 <para><application>OpenPAM</application> 3212 (<quote>Cinnamon</quote> release) has been imported, 3213 replacing 3214 <application>Linux-PAM</application>.</para> 3215 3216 <para>The <application>OPIE</application> one-time-password 3217 suite has been updated to 2.4. It has completely 3218 replaced the functionality of 3219 <application>S/Key</application>.</para> 3220 3221 <para><application>Perl</application> has been removed from the 3222 &os; base system. It can still be installed from the &os; 3223 Ports Collection or as a binary package; moving it out of the 3224 base system will make future upgrades and maintenence easier. 3225 To reduce the dependence of the base system on 3226 Perl, many utilities have been 3227 rewritten as shell scripts or C programs (specific notes are 3228 made for each affected utility). 3229 <filename>/usr/bin/perl</filename> is now a 3230 <quote>wrapper</quote> program, so that programs expecting to 3231 find a Perl interpreter there will 3232 be able to function correctly. 3233 3234 <warning> 3235 <para>The Perl removal and 3236 package integration work is ongoing.</para> 3237 </warning> 3238 3239 </para> 3240 3241 <para><application>GNU ptx</application> has been removed from 3242 the base system. It is not used anywhere in the base system, 3243 and has not been recently updated or maintained. Users 3244 requiring its functionality can install this utility as a part 3245 of the <filename role="package">textproc/textutils</filename> 3246 port.</para> 3247 3248 <para role="historic">&man.routed.8; has been updated to version 3249 2.22. &merged;</para> 3250 3251 <para arch="i386,pc98">Version 1.4.4 of the 3252 <application>smbfs</application> userland utilities have been 3253 imported.</para> 3254 3255 <para><application>GNU sort</application> has been updated to 3256 the version from <application>GNU textutils 3257 2.0.21</application>.</para> 3258 3259 <para>&man.stat.1; from <application>NetBSD</application>, as of 3260 5 June 2002 has, been imported.</para> 3261 3262 <para><application>GNU tar</application> has been updated to 3263 1.13.25.</para> 3264 3265 <para role="historic"><application>tcpdump</application> has been updated to 3266 3.6.3. &merged;</para> 3267 3268 <para role="historic">The &man.csh.1; shell has been replaced by &man.tcsh.1;, 3269 although it can still be run as <command>csh</command>. 3270 <application>tcsh</application> has been updated to version 3271 6.11. &merged;</para> 3272 3273 <para>The contributed version of 3274 <application>tcp_wrappers</application> now includes the 3275 &man.tcpd.8; helper daemon. While not strictly necessary in a 3276 standard &os; installation (because &man.inetd.8; already 3277 incorporates this functionality), this may be useful for 3278 &man.inetd.8; replacements such as 3279 <application>xinetd</application>.</para> 3280 3281 <para role="historic"><application>texinfo</application> has been updated to 3282 4.1. &merged;</para> 3283 3284 <para><application>top</application> has been updated to version 3285 3.5b12.</para> 3286 3287 <para role="historic">&man.traceroute.8; now takes its default maximum TTL value 3288 from the <varname>net.inet.ip.ttl</varname> sysctl 3289 variable. &merged;</para> 3290 3291 <para role="historic">The timezone database has been updated to the 3292 <filename>tzdata2002c</filename> release. &merged;</para> 3293 3294 <sect4> 3295 <title>CVS</title> 3296 3297 <para role="historic"><application>cvs</application> has been updated to 3298 1.11.1p1. &merged;</para> 3299 3300 <para role="historic">The default value for &man.cvs.1;'s 3301 <envar>CVS_RSH</envar> variable is now 3302 <literal>ssh</literal>, rather than 3303 <literal>rsh</literal>. &merged;</para> 3304 3305 <para role="historic">&man.cvs.1; now supports a <option>-T</option> option to 3306 update a sandbox's <filename>CVS/Template</filename> file 3307 from the repository. &merged;</para> 3308 3309 <para role="historic">&man.cvs.1; <literal>diff</literal> now supports the 3310 <option>-j</option> option to perform differences against a 3311 revision relative to a branch tag. &merged;</para> 3312 </sect4> 3313 3314 <sect4> 3315 <title>CVSup</title> 3316 3317 <para role="historic"><application>CVSup</application>, a frequently used 3318 utility in the &os; Ports Collection, was formerly 3319 installable using several ports and packages. The 3320 <filename role="package">net/cvsup-bin</filename> and 3321 <filename role="package">net/cvsupd-bin</filename> 3322 ports/packages are no longer necessary or available; the 3323 <filename role="package">net/cvsup</filename> port should be 3324 used instead. &merged;</para> 3325 3326 <para role="historic"><application>CVSup</application> has been updated to 3327 16.1_3, which is available in the &os; Ports Collection as 3328 <filename role="package">net/cvsup</filename>. This update 3329 fixes a long-standing (but only recently encountered) bug 3330 which affects the timestamps on all files after Sun Sep 9 3331 01:46:40 UTC 2001 (1,000,000,000 seconds after the UNIX 3332 epoch). &merged;</para> 3333 </sect4> 3334 3335 <sect4 id="kame-userland"> 3336 <title>KAME</title> 3337 3338 <para role="historic">The IPv6 stack is now based on a snapshot based on the 3339 KAME Project's IPv6 snapshot as of 28 May, 2001. Most of 3340 the items listed in this section are a result of this 3341 import. 3342 <xref linkend="kame-kernel"> lists kernel updates to the 3343 KAME IPv6 stack. &merged;</para> 3344 3345 <para role="historic">&man.faithd.8; now supports a configuration file for 3346 access control. &merged;</para> 3347 3348 <para role="historic">&man.ifconfig.8; can now perform the functions of 3349 &man.gifconfig.8;. &merged;</para> 3350 3351 <para role="historic">&man.ifconfig.8; can now perform the functions of 3352 &man.prefix.8;. &man.prefix.8; is now a shell script for 3353 partial backwards compatibility. &merged;</para> 3354 3355 <para role="historic">&man.ndp.8; now implements garbage collection for stale 3356 NDP entries, as described in RFC 2461 (Neighbor Discovery 3357 for IP Version 6 (IPv6)). &merged;</para> 3358 3359 <para role="historic">pim6dd(8) and pim6sd(8) have been removed due 3360 to restrictive licensing conditions. These programs are 3361 available in the ports collection as 3362 <filename role="package">net/pim6dd</filename> and 3363 <filename role="package">net/pim6sd</filename>. &merged;</para> 3364 3365 <para role="historic">&man.route6d.8; now supports an <option>-n</option> flag 3366 to avoid updating the kernel forwarding 3367 table. &merged;</para> 3368 3369 <para role="historic">The <option>-R</option> (router renumbering) option to 3370 &man.rtadvd.8; is currently ignored. &merged;</para> 3371 </sect4> 3372 3373 <sect4> 3374 <title>OpenSSH</title> 3375 3376 <para role="historic"><application>OpenSSH</application> has been updated to 3377 2.9, which provides support for the SSH2 protocol (now the 3378 default) and DSA keys. &man.ssh-add.1; and 3379 &man.ssh-agent.1; can now handle DSA keys, with support for 3380 authentication forwarding. 3381 <application>OpenSSH</application> users in the USA no 3382 longer need to rely on the restrictively-licensed RSAREF 3383 toolkit which is required to handle RSA keys. Among other 3384 new features: A client and server for &man.sftp.1; has been added. 3385 &man.scp.1; can now handle files larger than 2 GBytes. A 3386 limit on the number of outstanding, unauthenticated 3387 connections in &man.sshd.8; has been added. Support has 3388 been added for the Rijndael encryption algorithm. Rekeying 3389 of existing sessions is now supported, and an experimental 3390 <application>SOCKS4</application> proxy has been added to 3391 &man.ssh.1;. &merged;</para> 3392 3393 <para><application>OpenSSH</application> has been updated to 3394 version 3.1. Among the changes: 3395 <itemizedlist> 3396 <listitem> 3397 <para>The <filename>*2</filename> files are obsolete 3398 (for example, 3399 <filename>~/.ssh/known_hosts</filename> can hold the 3400 contents of 3401 <filename>~/.ssh/known_hosts2</filename>).</para> 3402 </listitem> 3403 <listitem> 3404 <para>&man.ssh-keygen.1; can import and export keys using 3405 the SECSH Public Key File Format, for key exchange 3406 with several commercial SSH implementations.</para> 3407 </listitem> 3408 <listitem> 3409 <para>&man.ssh-add.1; now adds all three default keys.</para> 3410 </listitem> 3411 <listitem> 3412 <para>&man.ssh-keygen.1; no longer defaults to a 3413 specific key type; one must be specified with the 3414 <option>-t</option> option.</para> 3415 </listitem> 3416 </itemizedlist> 3417 </para> 3418 3419 <para><application>OpenSSH</application> can now authenticate 3420 using <application>OPIE</application> passwords.</para> 3421 3422 <para><application>PAM</application> support for 3423 <application>OpenSSH</application> has been added.</para> 3424 3425 <para>A long-standing bug in 3426 <application>OpenSSH</application>, which sometimes resulted 3427 in a dropped session when an X11-forwarded client was 3428 closed, was fixed.</para> 3429 3430 <para role="historic"><application>Kerberos</application> compatibility has 3431 been added to 3432 <application>OpenSSH</application>. &merged;</para> 3433 3434 <para role="historic"><application>OpenSSH</application> has been modified to 3435 be more resistant to traffic analysis by requiring that 3436 <quote>non-echoed</quote> characters are still echoed back 3437 in a null packet, as well as by padding passwords sent so as 3438 not to hint at password lengths. &merged;</para> 3439 3440 <para role="historic">&man.sshd.8; is now enabled by default on new 3441 installs. &merged;</para> 3442 3443 <para role="historic">&man.sshd.8; <literal>X11Forwarding</literal> is now 3444 turned on by default on the server (any risk is to the 3445 client, where it is already disabled by 3446 default). &merged;</para> 3447 3448 <para role="historic">In <filename>/etc/ssh/sshd_config</filename>, the 3449 <literal>ConnectionsPerPeriod</literal> parameter has been 3450 deprecated in favor of 3451 <literal>MaxStartups</literal>. &merged;</para> 3452 3453 <para role="historic"><application>OpenSSH</application> now has a 3454 <literal>VersionAddendum</literal> configuration setting for 3455 &man.sshd.8; to allow changing the part of the 3456 <application>OpenSSH</application> version string after the 3457 main version number. &merged;</para> 3458 </sect4> 3459 3460 <sect4> 3461 <title>OpenSSL</title> 3462 3463 <para><application>OpenSSL</application> has been updated to 3464 0.9.6c.</para> 3465 3466 <para role="historic"><application>OpenSSL</application> now has support for 3467 machine-dependent ASM optimizations, activated by the new 3468 <varname>MACHINE_CPU</varname> and/or 3469 <varname>CPUTYPE</varname> 3470 <filename>make.conf</filename> variables. &merged;</para> 3471 </sect4> 3472 3473 <sect4> 3474 <title>sendmail</title> 3475 3476 <para><application>sendmail</application> has been updated 3477 from version 8.9.3 to version 8.12.4. Important changes 3478 include: &man.sendmail.8; is no longer installed as a 3479 set-user-ID <username>root</username> binary (now set-group-ID <groupname>smmsp</groupname>); new 3480 default file locations (see 3481 <filename>/usr/src/contrib/sendmail/cf/README</filename>); 3482 &man.newaliases.1; is limited to <username>root</username> 3483 and trusted users; STARTTLS encryption; and the MSA port 3484 (587) is turned on by default. See 3485 <filename>/usr/src/contrib/sendmail/RELEASE_NOTES</filename> 3486 for more information. &merged;</para> 3487 3488 <para role="historic">&man.mail.local.8; is no longer installed as a 3489 set-user-ID binary. If you are using a 3490 <filename>/etc/mail/sendmail.cf</filename> from the default 3491 <filename>sendmail.cf</filename> included with &os; any time 3492 after 3.1.0, you are fine. If you are using a 3493 hand-configured <filename>sendmail.cf</filename> and 3494 <command>mail.local</command> for delivery, check to make sure the 3495 <literal>F=S</literal> flag is set on the 3496 <literal>Mlocal</literal> line. Those with 3497 <filename>.mc</filename> files who need to add the flag can 3498 do so by adding the following line to their 3499 <filename>.mc</filename> file and regenerating the 3500 <filename>sendmail.cf</filename> file:</para> 3501 3502 <programlisting role="historic">MODIFY_MAILER_FLAGS(`LOCAL',`+S')dnl</programlisting> 3503 3504 <para role="historic">Note that <literal>FEATURE(`local_lmtp')</literal> already 3505 does this. &merged;</para> 3506 3507 <para role="historic">The default <filename>/etc/mail/sendmail.cf</filename> 3508 disables the SMTP <literal>EXPN</literal> and 3509 <literal>VRFY</literal> commands. &merged;</para> 3510 3511 <para role="historic">&man.vacation.1; has been updated to use the version 3512 included with <application>sendmail</application>. &merged;</para> 3513 3514 <para role="historic">The <application>sendmail</application> configuration 3515 building tools are installed in 3516 <filename>/usr/share/sendmail/cf/</filename>. &merged;</para> 3517 3518 <para role="historic">New <filename>make.conf</filename> options: 3519 <varname>SENDMAIL_MC</varname> and 3520 <varname>SENDMAIL_ADDITIONAL_MC</varname>. See 3521 <filename>/usr/share/examples/etc/make.conf</filename> for more 3522 information. &merged;</para> 3523 3524 <para role="historic"><filename>/etc/mail/Makefile</filename> now supports: 3525 the new <varname>SENDMAIL_MC</varname> 3526 <filename>make.conf</filename> option; the ability to build 3527 <filename>.cf</filename> files from 3528 <filename>.mc</filename> files; generalized map rebuilding; 3529 rebuilding the aliases file; and the ability to stop, start, 3530 and restart 3531 <application>sendmail</application>. &merged;</para> 3532 3533 <para role="historic">The <username>smmsp</username> and 3534 <username>mailnull</username> users have been added to 3535 <filename>/etc/master.passwd</filename>. In the absence of a 3536 <literal>confDEF_USER_ID</literal> setting, by default, 3537 <application>sendmail</application> will use the 3538 <username>mailnull</username> user for extra security. 3539 Previously, if the <username>mailnull</username> user did 3540 not exist, the <username>daemon</username> user was used. 3541 This change may generate some permissions issues when 3542 mailing to files or to programs (such as <filename 3543 role="package">mail/majordomo</filename>). &merged; The 3544 previous behavior can be restored by adding the following 3545 line to a system's 3546 <filename><replaceable>*</replaceable>.mc</filename> 3547 configuration file: 3548 3549 <programlisting>define(`confDEF_USER_ID', `daemon')</programlisting> 3550 </para> 3551 3552 <para role="historic">Beginning with the import of 3553 <application>sendmail</application> 8.12.2, multiple 3554 <application>sendmail</application> daemons (some required 3555 to handle outgoing mail) are started by &man.rc.8;, even if 3556 the <varname>sendmail_enable</varname> variable is set to 3557 <literal>NO</literal>. To completely disable 3558 <application>sendmail</application>, 3559 <varname>sendmail_enable</varname> must be set to 3560 <literal>NONE</literal>. Alternatively, for systems using a 3561 different MTA, the <varname>mta_start_script</varname> variable can 3562 be used to point to a different startup script (more details 3563 can be found in &man.rc.sendmail.8;). &merged;</para> 3564 3565 <para>By default, &man.rc.8; no longer enables 3566 <application>sendmail</application> for inbound SMTP 3567 connections. Note that &man.sysinstall.8; may override this 3568 default for a binary installation, based on what security 3569 profile is selected. This functionality can also be 3570 manually enabled by adding the following line to 3571 <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>:</para> 3572 3573 <programlisting>sendmail_enable="YES"</programlisting> 3574 3575 <para>The permissions for <application>sendmail</application> 3576 alias and map databases built via 3577 <filename>/etc/mail/Makefile</filename> now default to mode 3578 0640 to protect against a file locking local denial of service. 3579 It can be changed by setting the new 3580 <varname>SENDMAIL_MAP_PERMS</varname> 3581 <filename>make.conf</filename> option. &merged;</para> 3582 3583 <para>The permissions for the <application>sendmail</application> 3584 statistics file, <filename>/var/log/sendmail.st</filename>, have 3585 been changed from mode 0644 to mode 0640 to protect against 3586 a file locking local denial of service. &merged;</para> 3587 3588 </sect4> 3589 </sect3> 3590 3591 <sect3> 3592 <title>Ports/Packages Collection Infrastructure</title> 3593 3594 <para><application>BSDPAN</application>, a collection of modules 3595 that provides tighter integration of 3596 <application>Perl</application> into the &os; Ports 3597 Collection, has been added.</para> 3598 3599 <para role="historic">&man.pkg.create.1; and &man.pkg.add.1; can now work with 3600 packages that have been compressed using 3601 &man.bzip2.1;. &man.pkg.add.1; will use the PACKAGEROOT 3602 environment variable to determine a mirror site for new 3603 packages. &merged;</para> 3604 3605 <para role="historic">&man.pkg.create.1; now records dependencies in dependency 3606 order rather than in the order specified on the command line. 3607 This improves the functioning of <command>pkg_add 3608 -r</command>. &merged;</para> 3609 3610 <para role="historic">&man.pkg.create.1; now supports a <option>-b</option> to 3611 create a package file from a locally-installed 3612 package. &merged;</para> 3613 3614 <para role="historic">When requested to delete multiple packages, 3615 &man.pkg.delete.1; will now attempt to remove them in 3616 dependency order rather than the order specified on the 3617 command line. &merged;</para> 3618 3619 <para role="historic">&man.pkg.delete.1; now can perform glob/regexp matching of 3620 package names. In addition, it supports a <option>-a</option> 3621 option for removing all packages and a <option>-i</option> 3622 option for &man.rm.1;-style interactive 3623 confirmation. &merged;</para> 3624 3625 <para role="historic">&man.pkg.delete.1; now supports a <option>-r</option> 3626 option for recursive package removal. &merged;</para> 3627 3628 <para role="historic">&man.pkg.info.1; now supports globbing against names of 3629 installed packages. The <option>-G</option> option disables 3630 this behavior, and the <option>-x</option> option causes 3631 regular expression matching instead of shell 3632 globbing. &merged;</para> 3633 3634 <para role="historic">&man.pkg.info.1; can now accept a <option>-g</option> flag 3635 for verifying an installed package against its recorded 3636 checksums (to see if it's been modified post-installation). 3637 Naturally, this mechanism is only as secure as the contents of 3638 <filename>/var/db/pkg</filename> if it's to be used for auditing 3639 purposes. &merged;</para> 3640 3641 <para role="historic">&man.pkg.sign.1; and &man.pkg.check.1; have been added to 3642 digitally sign and verify the signatures on binary package 3643 files. &merged;</para> 3644 3645 <para>For some time, &os; 5.0-CURRENT (as well as some 4.X 3646 releases) included a pkg_update(1) utility to update installed 3647 packages, as well as their dependencies. This utility has 3648 been removed; a superset of its functionality can be found in 3649 the <filename role="package">sysutils/portupgrade</filename> 3650 port.</para> 3651 3652 <para role="historic">&man.pkg.version.1; now has a version number comparison 3653 routine that corresponds to the Porters Handbook. It also has 3654 a <option>-t</option> option for testing address comparisons. 3655 &merged;</para> 3656 3657 <para role="historic">&man.pkg.version.1; now takes a <option>-s</option> flag 3658 to limit its operation to ports/packages matching a given 3659 string. &merged;</para> 3660 3661 <para role="historic">Version numbers of installed packages have a new 3662 (backward-compatible) syntax, which supports the 3663 <varname>PORTREVISION</varname> and 3664 <varname>PORTEPOCH</varname> variables in Ports Collection 3665 <filename>Makefile</filename>s. These changes help keep track 3666 of changes in the ports collection entries such as security 3667 patches or &os;-specific updates, which aren't reflected in 3668 the original, third-party software distributions. 3669 &man.pkg.version.1; can now compare these new-style version 3670 numbers. &merged;</para> 3671 3672 <para role="historic">To improve performance and disk utilization, the 3673 <quote>ports skeletons</quote> in the &os; Ports Collection 3674 have been restructured. Installed ports and packages should 3675 not be affected. &merged;</para> 3676 3677 <para role="historic">All packages and ports now contain an 3678 <quote>origin</quote> directive, which makes it easier for 3679 programs such as &man.pkg.version.1; to determine the 3680 directory from which a package was built. &merged;</para> 3681 3682 <para role="historic">The Ports Collection infrastructure now uses 3683 <application>XFree86</application> 4.2.0 as the default version 3684 of the X Window System for the purposes of satisfying 3685 dependencies. To return to using 3686 <application>XFree86</application> 3.3.6, add the following line 3687 to <filename>/etc/make.conf</filename>: &merged;</para> 3688 3689 <programlisting role="historic">XFREE86_VERSION=3</programlisting> 3690 3691 <para>The libraries installed by the <filename 3692 role="package">emulators/linux_base</filename> port (required 3693 for Linux emulation) have been updated; they now correspond to 3694 those included with <application>Red Hat Linux</application> 3695 7.1.</para> 3696 </sect3> 3697 </sect2> 3698 3699 <sect2> 3700 <title>Release Engineering and Integration</title> 3701 3702 <para>The <filename>bin</filename> distribution has been renamed 3703 <filename>base</filename>, in order to make creation of combined 3704 install/recovery disks easier.</para> 3705 3706 <para arch="i386">ISO images and CDROMs now use the 3707 <filename>cdboot</filename> boot loader by default. This 3708 eliminates the need for an emulated floppy disk image on 3709 a bootable CDROM and allows for a full 3710 <filename>GENERIC</filename> kernel to be used for CDROM 3711 installations, at the expense of compatability with some old 3712 BIOSs.</para> 3713 3714 <para arch="i386,pc98,alpha" role="historic"><application>XFree86</application> 4.2.0 3715 is now the default version of the X Window System supported by 3716 &man.sysinstall.8;. It installs 3717 <application>XFree86</application> as a set of standard binary 3718 packages, so the usual package utilities such as 3719 &man.pkg.info.1; can be used to examine/manipulate its 3720 components. &merged;</para> 3721 3722 <para>It is now possible to make releases of &os; 3723 &release.current; on a &os; 4-STABLE host. Cross-architecture 3724 (building a release for a target architecture on a host of a 3725 different architecture) releases are also possible. See 3726 &man.release.7; for details.</para> 3727 3728 </sect2> 3729</sect1> 3730 3731<sect1> 3732 <title>Upgrading from previous releases of &os;</title> 3733 3734 <para>If you're upgrading from a previous release of &os;, you 3735 generally will have three options: 3736 3737 <itemizedlist> 3738 <listitem> 3739 <para>Using the binary upgrade option of &man.sysinstall.8;. 3740 This option is perhaps the quickest, although it presumes 3741 that your installation of &os; uses no special compilation 3742 options.</para> 3743 </listitem> 3744 <listitem> 3745 <para>Performing a complete reinstall of &os;. Technically, 3746 this is not an upgrading method, and in any case is usually less 3747 convenient than a binary upgrade, in that it requires you to 3748 manually backup and restore the contents of 3749 <filename>/etc</filename>. However, it may be useful in 3750 cases where you want (or need) to change the partitioning of 3751 your disks. 3752 </listitem> 3753 <listitem> 3754 <para>From source code in <filename>/usr/src</filename>. This 3755 route is more flexible, but requires more disk space, time, 3756 and more technical expertise. Upgrading from very old 3757 versions of &os; may be problematic; in cases like this, it 3758 is usually more effective to perform a binary upgrade or a 3759 complete reinstall.</para> 3760 </listitem> 3761 </itemizedlist> 3762 </para> 3763 3764 <para>Please read the <filename>INSTALL.TXT</filename> file for more 3765 information, preferably <emphasis>before</emphasis> beginning an 3766 upgrade. If you are upgrading from source, please be sure to read 3767 <filename>/usr/src/UPDATING</filename> as well.</para> 3768 3769 <para>Finally, if you want to use one of various means to track the 3770 -STABLE or -CURRENT branches of &os;, please be sure to consult 3771 the <ulink 3772 url="http://www.FreeBSD.org/handbook/current-stable.html"><quote>-CURRENT 3773 vs. -STABLE</quote></ulink> section of the <ulink 3774 url="http://www.FreeBSD.org/handbook/">FreeBSD 3775 Handbook</ulink>.</para> 3776 3777 <important> 3778 <para>Upgrading &os; should, of course, only be attempted after 3779 backing up <emphasis>all</emphasis> data and configuration 3780 files.</para> 3781 </important> 3782</sect1>
| 89 90 <para>Many additional changes were made to &os; that are not listed 91 here for lack of space. For example, documentation was corrected 92 and improved, minor bugs were fixed, insecure coding practices 93 were audited and corrected, and source code was cleaned up.</para> 94 95 <sect2 id="kernel"> 96 <title>Kernel Changes</title> 97 98 <para arch="i386" role="historic">The &man.amdpm.4; driver has been added to 99 provide access to the system monitoring functions of the AMD 756 100 chipset. &merged;</para> 101 102 <para role="historic">The &man.agp.4; driver for AGP devices has been 103 added. &merged;</para> 104 105 <para>A new &man.ddb.4; command <command>show pcpu</command> lists 106 some of the per-CPU data.</para> 107 108 <para role="historic">Two new &man.ddb.4; commands, <command>hwatch</command> and 109 <command>dhwatch</command>, have been introduced. Analogous to 110 <command>watch</command> and <command>dwatch</command>, they 111 install hardware watchpoints (as opposed to software 112 watchpoints) if supported by the architecture. &merged;</para> 113 114 <para>&man.devfs.5;, which allows entries in the 115 <filename>/dev</filename> directory to be built automatically 116 and supports more flexible attachment of devices, has been 117 largely reworked. &man.devfs.5; is now enabled by default and 118 can be disabled by the <literal>NODEVFS</literal> kernel 119 option.</para> 120 121 <para>The dgm driver has been removed in favor of the digi driver.</para> 122 123 <para>A new digi driver has been added to support PCI Xr-based and 124 ISA Xem Digiboard cards. A new &man.digictl.8; program is 125 (mainly) used to re-initialize cards that have external port 126 modules attached such as the PC/Xem.</para> 127 128 <para>An &man.eaccess.2; system call has been added, similar to 129 &man.access.2; except that the former uses effective credentials 130 rather than real credentials.</para> 131 132 <para arch="sparc64">Support has been added for EBus-based 133 devices.</para> 134 135 <para arch="i386" role="historic">The &man.ichsmb.4; driver for the Intel 82801AA 136 (ICH) SMBus controller and compatibles has been 137 added. &merged;</para> 138 139 <para>Each &man.jail.2; environment can now run under its own 140 securelevel.</para> 141 142 <para>The tunable sysctl variables for &man.jail.2; have moved 143 from <varname>jail.*</varname> to the 144 <varname>security.*</varname> hierarchy. Other security-related 145 sysctl variables have moved from <varname>kern.security.*</varname> to 146 <varname>security.*</varname>.</para> 147 148 <para role="historic">The <varname>kern.maxvnodes</varname> limit now properly 149 limits the number of vnodes in use. Previously only vnodes with 150 no cached pages could be freed; this could allow the number of 151 vnodes to grow without limit on large-memory machines accessing 152 many small files. A <literal>vnlru</literal> kernel thread 153 helps to flush and reuse vnodes. &merged;</para> 154 155 <para role="historic">The kernel message buffer is now accessible by the 156 (machine-independent) <varname>kern.msgbuf</varname> sysctl 157 variable; &man.dmesg.8; no longer needs to be SGID 158 <groupname>kmem</groupname>. &merged;</para> 159 160 <para>The kernel environment is now dynamic, and can be changed 161 via the new &man.kenv.2; system call.</para> 162 163 <para role="historic">The &man.kqueue.2; event notification facility was added to 164 the &os; kernel. This is a new interface which is able to 165 replace &man.poll.2;/&man.select.2;, offering improved 166 performance, as well as the ability to report many different 167 types of events. Support for monitoring changes in sockets, 168 pipes, fifos, and files are present, as well as for signals and 169 processes. &merged;</para> 170 171 <para arch="i386,pc98" role="historic">A new <varname>KVA_SPACE</varname> kernel option 172 can be used to reconfigure the size of the kernel virtual 173 address space. &merged;</para> 174 175 <para>The labpc(4) driver has been removed due to 176 <quote>bitrot</quote>.</para> 177 178 <para>The loader and kernel linker now look for files named 179 <filename>linker.hints</filename> in each directory with KLDs 180 for a module name and version to KLD filename mapping. The new 181 &man.kldxref.8; utility is used to generate these files.</para> 182 183 <para role="historic">Linux emulation now supports the kernel functionality 184 required by the 185 <filename role="package">emulators/linux_base</filename> 186 (RedHat 7.X emulation) port. &merged;</para> 187 188 <para role="historic">Linux emulation now requires <literal>options 189 SYSVSEM</literal> in the kernel configuration. &merged;</para> 190 191 <para>&man.lomac.4;, a Low-Watermark Mandatory Access Control 192 security facility, has been added as a kernel module. It 193 provides a drop-in security mechanism in addition to the 194 traditional UID-based security facilities, requiring no 195 additional configuration from the administrator. Work on this 196 feature was sponsored by DARPA and NAI Labs.</para> 197 198 <para role="historic">The <varname>maxusers</varname> kernel configuration 199 parameter is now a boot-time tunable variable. The kernel 200 parameters derived from <varname>maxusers</varname> are now also 201 tunables and can be overridden at boot-time. The 202 <varname>hz</varname> parameter is also now a 203 tunable. &merged;</para> 204 205 <para role="historic">Specifying a value of <literal>0</literal> for the 206 <varname>maxusers</varname> kernel configuration parameter will 207 now cause an appropriate value to be calculated at boot-time 208 (between 32 and 384, depending on the amount of memory present). 209 This value is now the default for all 210 <filename>GENERIC</filename> kernels. &merged;</para> 211 212 <para arch="alpha" role="historic">A <varname>MAXMEM</varname> kernel option, 213 along with the <varname>hw.physmem</varname> loader tunable, can 214 be used to artificially reduce the memory size of a machine for 215 testing (or other purposes). &merged;</para> 216 217 <para role="historic">The kernel configuration parameters 218 <varname>MAXTSIZ</varname>, <varname>DFLDSIZ</varname>, 219 <varname>MAXDSIZ</varname>, <varname>DFLSSIZ</varname>, 220 <varname>MAXSSIZ</varname>, and <varname>SGROWSIZ</varname> are 221 all loader tunables (<varname>kern.maxtsiz</varname>, 222 <varname>kern.maxdfldsiz</varname>, etc.). &merged;</para> 223 224 <para>&man.mutex.9; profiling code has been added, enabled by the 225 <literal>MUTEX_PROFILING</literal> kernel configuration option. 226 It enables the <varname>debug.mutex.prof.*</varname> hierarchy 227 of sysctl variables.</para> 228 229 <para arch="i386,pc98" role="historic">The <literal>NCPU</literal>, 230 <literal>NAPIC</literal>, <literal>NBUS</literal>, and 231 <literal>NINTR</literal> kernel configuration options, 232 for configuring SMP kernels, have been removed. 233 <literal>NCPU</literal> is now set to a maximum of 16, 234 and the other, aforementioned options are now 235 dynamic. &merged;</para> 236 237 <para role="historic">A &man.nmdm.4; null-modem terminal driver has been added. 238 &merged;</para> 239 240 <para role="historic">The <literal>O_DIRECT</literal> flag has been added to 241 &man.open.2; and &man.fcntl.2;. Specifying this flag for open 242 files will attempt to minimize the cache effects of reading and 243 writing. &merged;</para> 244 245 <para role="historic">An &man.orm.4; device has been added to claim the option 246 ROMs in the ISA memory I/O space, to prevent other drivers from 247 mistakenly assigning addresses that conflict with these 248 ROMs. &merged;</para> 249 250 <para arch="i386,pc98">PECOFF (Win32 Execution file format) support has 251 been added.</para> 252 253 <para arch="pc98" role="historic">The pmc driver, which supports the power 254 management controller of the NEC PC-98NOTE, has been 255 added. &merged;</para> 256 257 <para role="historic">POSIX.1b Shared Memory Objects are now supported. The 258 implementation uses regular files, but automatically enables the 259 MAP_NOSYNC flag when they are &man.mmap.2;-ed. &merged;</para> 260 261 <para role="historic">Replaced the <literal>PQ_*CACHE</literal> options with a 262 single <literal>PQ_CACHESIZE</literal> option to be set to the 263 cache size in kilobytes. The old options are still supported 264 for backwards compatibility. &merged;</para> 265 266 <para arch="i386" role="historic">The &man.puc.4; (PCI <quote>Universal</quote> 267 Communications) driver has been added, to help connect PCI-based 268 serial ports to the &man.sio.4; driver. &merged;</para> 269 270 <para>The &man.random.4; device has been rewritten to use the 271 <application>Yarrow</application> algorithm. It harvests 272 entropy from a variety of interrupt sources, including the 273 console devices, Ethernet and point-to-point network interfaces, 274 and mass-storage devices. Entropy from the &man.random.4; 275 device is now periodically saved to files in 276 <filename>/var/db/entropy</filename>, as well as at shutdown 277 time. The semantics of <filename>/dev/random</filename> have 278 changed; it never blocks waiting for entropy bits but generates 279 a stream of pseudo-random data and now behaves exactly as 280 <filename>/dev/urandom</filename>.</para> 281 282 <para>A new kernel option, <literal>options REGRESSION</literal>, 283 enables interfaces and functionality intended for use during 284 correctness and regression testing.</para> 285 286 <para arch="sparc64">Support has been added for SBus-based 287 devices.</para> 288 289 <para arch="sparc64">The se driver, which supports the Siemens 290 SAB82532 serial chip found on many newer Sparc Ultra machines, 291 has been added.</para> 292 293 <para role="historic">The &man.snp.4; device is no longer static and can now be 294 compiled as a module. &merged;</para> 295 296 <para arch="i386" role="historic">The &man.spic.4; driver, which provides access 297 to the Jog Dial device on some Sony laptops, has been 298 added. &man.moused.8; support for this device has also been 299 added. &merged;</para> 300 301 <para>The &man.syscons.4; driver now supports keyboard-controlled 302 pasting, by default bound to 303 <keycap>Shift</keycap>-<keycap>Insert</keycap>.</para> 304 305 <para role="historic">Support for USB devices was added to the 306 <filename>GENERIC</filename> kernel and to the installation 307 programs to support USB devices out of the box. Note that SRM 308 does not support USB devices at the moment, so you must still 309 use an AT keyboard if you are not using a serial 310 console. &merged;</para> 311 312 <para arch="i386,pc98" role="historic">The &man.umodem.4; driver for USB modems 313 has been added. Support is provided for the 3Com 5605 and 314 Metricom Ricochet GS wireless USB modems. &merged;</para> 315 316 <para arch="i386,pc98" role="historic">The &man.uscanner.4; driver for basic USB 317 scanner support using SANE has been added. See <ulink 318 url="http://www.mostang.com/sane/">the SANE home page</ulink> 319 for supported scanners. The HP ScanJet 4100C, 5200C and 6300C 320 are known to be working. &merged;</para> 321 322 <para>The &man.ucom.4; device driver has been added, to support USB 323 modems, serial devices, and other programs that need to look 324 like a tty. The related &man.uplcom.4; and &man.uvscom.4; drivers provide specific 325 support for the Prolific PL-2303 serial adapter and the SUNTAC 326 Slipper U VS-10U, respectively.</para> 327 328 <para>To increase security, the <literal>UCONSOLE</literal> kernel 329 configuration option has been removed.</para> 330 331 <para arch="i386,pc98">The UserConfig boot-time kernel configuration 332 feature, usually used to enable, disable, or configure ISA 333 devices, has been removed. Its functionality has been replaced 334 by the kernel hints file in 335 <filename>/boot/device.hints</filename>.</para> 336 337 <para>The <literal>USER_LDT</literal> kernel option is now 338 activated by default.</para> 339 340 <para>A VESA S3 linear framebuffer driver has been added.</para> 341 342 <para arch="i386" role="historic">The &man.viapm.4; driver for VIA SMBus 343 power management controllers has been added. &merged;</para> 344 345 <!-- Above this line, sort kernel changes by manpage/keyword--> 346 347 <para role="historic">Write combining for crashdumps has been implemented. This 348 feature is useful when write caching is disabled on both SCSI 349 and IDE disks, where large memory dumps could take up to an hour 350 to complete. &merged;</para> 351 352 <para>The kernel crashdump infrastructure has been revised, to 353 support new platforms and in general clean up the logic in the 354 code. One implication of this change is that the on-disk format 355 for kernel dumps has changed, and is now 356 byte-order-agnostic.</para> 357 358 <para>Extremely large swap areas (>67 GB) no longer panic the 359 system.</para> 360 361 <para arch="alpha">Support for threads under Linux emulation has 362 been added.</para> 363 364 <para role="historic">The <maketarget>buildkernel</maketarget> target now gets the 365 name of the configuration(s) to build from the 366 <varname>KERNCONF</varname> variable, not 367 <varname>KERNEL</varname>. It is no longer required, in some 368 cases, for a <maketarget>buildworld</maketarget> to precede a 369 <maketarget>buildkernel</maketarget>. (The 370 <maketarget>buildworld</maketarget> is still required when 371 upgrading across major releases, across 372 <application>binutil</application> updates and when 373 &man.config.8; changes version.) &merged;</para> 374 375 <para role="historic">The out-of-swap process termination code now begins killing 376 processes earlier to avoid deadlocks; it now also takes into 377 account the swap space used by processes when computing the 378 process sizes. &merged;</para> 379 380 <para>Linker sets are now self-contained; gensetdefs(8) is 381 unnecessary and has been removed.</para> 382 383 <para role="historic">Network device cloning has been implemented, and the 384 &man.gif.4; device has been modified to take advantage of it. 385 Thus, instead of specifying how many &man.gif.4; interfaces are 386 available in kernel configuration files, &man.ifconfig.8;'s 387 <option>create</option> option should be used when another device 388 instance is desired. &merged;</para> 389 390 <para>It is now possible to hardwire kernel environment variables 391 (such as tuneables) at compile-time using &man.config.8;'s 392 <literal>ENV</literal> directive.</para> 393 394 <para>Idle zeroing of pages can be enabled with the 395 <varname>vm.idlezero_enable</varname> sysctl variable.</para> 396 397 <para arch="i386,pc98" role="historic">The load addresses of kernels are now exported 398 to the symbol table and various hard-coded constants have been 399 removed so that utilities such as &man.ps.1; can work with 400 kernels compiled at different addresses. &merged;</para> 401 402 <para role="historic">Coredumps of large processes (or of a large number of 403 processes) no longer lock up the machine for long periods of 404 time. &merged;</para> 405 406 <para>The Kernel-Scheduled Entity project has made changes to the 407 kernel scheduler to more efficiently handle multi-threaded 408 programs.</para> 409 410 <para>The kernel now has support for multiple low-level console 411 devices. The new &man.conscontrol.8; utility helps to manage 412 the different consoles.</para> 413 414 <para arch="alpha">The console driver has gained support for 415 TGA-based display adapters.</para> 416 417 <para role="historic">The kernel on the installation CDs is now separated from the 418 <filename>mfsroot</filename> image. This permits the use of a 419 full kernel when installing from CD on machines that support CD 420 booting (instead of the stripped-down kernel used on 421 floppies). &merged;</para> 422 423 <para role="historic">The system load average computation now adds some jitter to 424 the timing of samples, in order to avoid synchronization with 425 processes that run periodically. &merged;</para> 426 427 <para role="historic">If a debugging kernel with modules is being built 428 (i.e. using <literal>makeoptions DEBUG=-g</literal>), the 429 modules will now be built with debugging support as well, for 430 completeness. A side effect of this change is that modules 431 built and installed with debugging kernels will now occupy more 432 space on disk than they did previously. &merged;</para> 433 434 <para role="historic">The kernel dump device can now be set via the 435 <varname>dumpdev</varname> loader tunable. As a result, it is 436 now possible to obtain crash dumps from panics during the late 437 stages of kernel initialization (before the system enters into 438 single-user mode). &merged;</para> 439 440 <para>The kernel memory allocator is now a slab memory allocator, 441 similar to that used in Solaris. This is a SMP-safe memory 442 allocator that has near-linear performance as the number of CPUs 443 increases. It also allows for reduced memory 444 fragmentation.</para> 445 446 <sect3> 447 <title>Processor/Motherboard Support</title> 448 449 <para>SMP support has been largely reworked, incorporating code 450 from BSD/OS 5.0. One of the main features of SMPng 451 (<quote>SMP Next Generation</quote>) is to allow more 452 processes to run in kernel, without the need for spin locks 453 that can dramatically reduce the efficiency of multiple 454 processors. Interrupt handlers now have contexts associated 455 with them that allow them to be blocked, which reduces the 456 need to lock out interrupts.</para> 457 458 <para arch="i386,pc98">Support for the 80386 processor has been 459 removed from the <filename>GENERIC</filename> kernel, as this 460 code seriously pessimizes performance on other IA32 461 processors. 462 The <literal>I386_CPU</literal> kernel option 463 to support the 80386 processor is now mutually exclusive with 464 support for other IA32 processors; this should slightly 465 improve performance on the 80386 due to the elimination of 466 runtime processor type checks. 467 Custom kernels that will run on the 80386 can 468 still be built by changing the cpu options in the kernel 469 configuration file to only include 470 <literal>I386_CPU</literal>.</para> 471 472 <para arch="alpha" role="historic">AlphaServer 1200 (<quote>Tincup</quote>) has 473 been tested and works OK. Currently it does not want to boot 474 from CD or floppy but a transplanted disk that was installed 475 on another Alpha works well. &merged;</para> 476 477 <para arch="alpha">The API UP1100 mainboard has been verified to 478 work.</para> 479 480 <para arch="alpha">The API CS20 1U high server has been verified 481 to work.</para> 482 483 <para arch="alpha">The DEC3000 series support has been removed 484 from the mfsroot floppy image so that it fits on a 1.44 Mbyte 485 floppy again. As the DEC3000 is currently only usable diskless 486 this should not cause any problems.</para> 487 488 <para arch="alpha">Support for AlphaServer 2100A 489 (<quote>Lynx</quote>) has been added.</para> 490 491 <para arch="alpha">Kernel code has been added that allows older 492 generation Alpha CPUs (EV4 and EV5) to emulate instructions of 493 the newer Alpha CPU generations. This enables the use of 494 binary-only programs like <application>Adobe Acrobat 495 4</application> on EV4 and EV5.</para> 496 497 <para arch="alpha">SMP support for the Alpha is now operational.</para> 498 499 <para arch="i386" role="historic">Detection for new processors, such as the 500 FC-PGA2 Pentium III (Tualatin), Transmeta Crusoe, and 501 Transmeta Crusoe LongRun, has been added. &merged;</para> 502 503 <para arch="alpha">Support for the following hardware has been 504 removed from the installation kernel to make it fit on a 505 1.44MB floppy again: Multia, NoName, PC64, EB64, Aspen Alpine, 506 sa (SCSI tape), amr, parallel port support, vx (3c590, 3c595), 507 pcn (AMD Am79C97x PCI 10/100), sf (Adaptec AIC-6915), sis (SiS 508 900/SiS 7016), ste (Sundance ST201 (D-Link DFE-550TX)), wb 509 (Winbond W89C840F).</para> 510 511 <para arch="i386" role="historic">Support for Streaming <acronym>SIMD</acronym> 512 Extensions (<acronym>SSE</acronym>) has been introduced. The 513 <literal>CPU_ENABLE_SSE</literal> kernel option controls 514 whether support is compiled into the kernel. &merged;</para> 515 516 <para arch="i386" role="historic">The <literal>CPU_ATHLON_SSE_HACK</literal> 517 kernel option has been added, which attempts to enable the SSE 518 feature bit on newer Athlon CPUs if the BIOS has forgotten to 519 enable it. &merged;</para> 520 521 <para arch="sparc64">The UltraSPARC platform is now supported by 522 &os;. The following machines are supported to at least some 523 degree: Ultra 1/2/5/10/30/60, Enterprise 220R/420R, Netra T1 AC200/DC200, Netra T 105, and Blade 524 100. SMP is supported, and has been tested on the 525 Ultra 2, Ultra 60, Enterprise 220R, and 526 Enterprise 420R.</para> 527 528 <para arch="i386" role="historic">On some systems, the BIOS does not activate 529 the I/O ports and memory of PC devices, thus making them 530 unusable. The <literal>PCI_ENABLE_IO_MODES</literal> kernel 531 option forces &os; to enable these devices so that they can be 532 used. &merged;</para> 533 534 </sect3> 535 536 <sect3> 537 <title>Bootloader Changes</title> 538 539 <para arch="i386" role="historic"><filename>boot2</filename> now supports a 540 <option>-n</option> option to disallow boot interruption by 541 keypresses. &merged;</para> 542 543 <para arch="i386" role="historic">A new <filename>cdboot</filename> bootstrap 544 utility for CDROMs provides better compatability with some 545 BIOS implementations that do not completely implement the El 546 Torito bootable CDROM standard. This boot loader supports 547 <quote>no emulation</quote> mode booting, thus eliminating the 548 need for an emulated floppy disk image on a bootable 549 CDROM. &merged;</para> 550 551 <para arch="i386,pc98" role="historic">The i386 boot loader now has support for a 552 <literal>nullconsole</literal> console type, for use on 553 systems with neither a video console nor a serial 554 port. &merged;</para> 555 556 <para arch="i386,pc98" role="historic">The &man.loader.8; now has optional support 557 (enabled at compile-time, off by default) for loading 558 <application>bzip2</application>-compressed kernels and 559 modules. &merged;</para> 560 561 <para arch="i386" role="historic">Support for Intel's Wired for Management 2.0 562 (PXE) was added to the &os; boot loader. Due to API 563 differences, the older PXE versions are not supported. This 564 allow network booting using DHCP. &merged;</para> 565 566 <!-- Above this line, order bootloader changes by keyword--> 567 568 <para arch="i386" role="historic">The &os; boot loader now contains a workaround 569 to support CDROM booting on certain IBM BIOSs that expect the 570 first sector of the emulated floppy to contain a valid MS-DOS 571 BPB that they can modify. &merged;</para> 572 573 <para arch="i386,pc98" role="historic">The &os; boot loader now supports a 574 <option>-p</option> flag to force the kernel to pause after 575 each line of output during the probing phase. &merged;</para> 576 577 <para arch="alpha,i386" role="historic">The &os; boot loader is now capable of 578 booting from filesystems with block sizes larger than 579 8K. &merged;</para> 580 581 <para>The kernel and modules have been moved to the directory 582 <filename>/boot/kernel</filename>, so they can be easily 583 manipulated together. The boot loader has been updated to 584 make this change as seamless as possible.</para> 585 </sect3> 586 587 <sect3> 588 <title>Network Interface Support</title> 589 590 <para role="historic">The &man.an.4; driver for Cisco Aironet cards now supports 591 Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) encryption, settable via 592 &man.ancontrol.8;. &merged;</para> 593 594 <para role="historic">The &man.an.4; driver now supports the Cisco Aironet 350 595 series of adaptors. &merged;</para> 596 597 <para role="historic">The &man.an.4; driver now supports <quote>monitor</quote> 598 mode, settable via the <option>-M</option> option to 599 &man.ancontrol.8;. &merged;</para> 600 601 <para role="historic">The &man.an.4; driver now supports Cisco LEAP, as well as 602 the <quote>Home</quote> WEP key. The Linux Aironet utilities 603 are now supported under emulation. &merged;</para> 604 605 <para arch="i386,pc98" role="historic">Generic support for ARCNET token-based 606 networks has been added. &merged;</para> 607 608 <para arch="i386,pc98" role="historic">The &man.bge.4; driver has been added to 609 support the Broadcom BCM570x family of Gigabit Ethernet 610 controllers, including the 3Com 3c996-T, the SysKonnect 611 SK-9D21 and SK-9D41, and the built-in Gigabit Ethernet NICs on 612 Dell PowerEdge 2550 servers. Output TCP/IP checksum offload, 613 jumbo frames and VLAN tag insertion/stripping are supported, 614 as well as interrupt moderation. &merged;</para> 615 616 <para arch="i386" role="historic">The cm driver has been added to support SMC 617 COM90cx6 ARCNET network adapters. &merged;</para> 618 619 <para>The &man.dc.4; driver now supports NICs based on the Xircom 620 3201 and Conexant LANfinity RS7112 chips.</para> 621 622 <para role="historic">The &man.dc.4; driver now has support for 623 VLANs. &merged;</para> 624 625 <para role="historic">The &man.de.4; driver now performs round-robin arbitration 626 between the transmit and receive units of the 21143, instead 627 of giving priority to the receive unit. This gives a 628 10–15% performance improvement in the forwarding rate 629 under heavy load. &merged;</para> 630 631 <para arch="alpha">The &man.ed.4; driver is now supported.</para> 632 633 <para arch="i386,pc98" role="historic">Linksys Fast Ethernet PCCARD cards supported 634 by the &man.ed.4; driver now require the addition of flag 635 <literal>0x80000</literal> to their config line in 636 &man.pccard.conf.5;. This flag is not optional. These 637 Linksys cards will not be recognized without 638 it. &merged;</para> 639 640 <para role="historic">A bug in the &man.ed.4; driver that could cause panics 641 with very short packets and BPF or bridging active has been 642 fixed. &merged;</para> 643 644 <para role="historic">The &man.ed.4; driver now has support for D-Link DL10022 645 chips, necessary for the NetGear FA-410TX and other cards. As 646 a result, <literal>device miibus</literal> is required in 647 kernel configurations using the &man.ed.4; 648 driver. &merged;</para> 649 650 <para arch="i386">The &man.el.4; driver can now be loaded as a 651 module.</para> 652 653 <para arch="i386,pc98" role="historic">The &man.em.4; driver has been added to 654 support NICs based on the Intel 82542, 82543, and 82544 655 Gigabit Ethernet controller chips. The driver supports 656 transmit/receive checksum offload and jumbo frames on 82543 657 and 82544-based adapters. &merged;</para> 658 659 <para role="historic">The &man.faith.4; device is now loadable, unloadable, and 660 clonable. &merged;</para> 661 662 <para arch="i386,pc98" role="historic">Support for Fujitsu MB86960A/MB86965A based 663 Ethernet PC-Cards has been added back in the &man.fe.4; 664 driver. &merged;</para> 665 666 <para arch="alpha" role="historic">The &man.fpa.4; driver now supports Digital's 667 DEFPA FDDI adaptors on the Alpha. &merged;</para> 668 669 <para role="historic">The &man.fxp.4; driver now requires a <literal>device 670 miibus</literal> entry in the kernel configuration 671 file. &merged;</para> 672 673 <para role="historic">The &man.fxp.4; driver now contains a workaround for PCI 674 protocol violations caused by defects in some systems based on 675 the Intel ICH2/ICH2-M chip. The workaround is to rewrite the 676 EEPROM on the interface to disable Dynamic Standby Mode; once 677 the EEPROM is rewritten, the system needs to be rebooted for 678 the new settings to take effect. &merged;</para> 679 680 <para role="historic">The &man.fxp.4; driver now supports Intel's loadable 681 microcode to implement receive-side interrupt coalescing and 682 packet bundling, on NICs that support these features. This 683 support can be activated by the use of the 684 <option>link0</option> option to 685 &man.ifconfig.8;. &merged;</para> 686 687 <para arch="sparc64">The gem driver has been added to support 688 the Sun GEM Gigabit Ethernet and ERI Fast Ethernet 689 adapters.</para> 690 691 <para role="historic">The &man.gx.4; driver has been added to support NICs based 692 on the Intel 82542 and 82543 Gigabit Ethernet controller 693 chips. Both fiber and copper variants of the cards are 694 supported. Both boards support VLAN tagging/insertion, and 695 the 82543 additionally supports TCP/IP checksum 696 offload. &merged;</para> 697 698 <para arch="sparc64">The hme driver has been added to support 699 the Sun HME Fast Ethernet adapter, onboard on many Sun Ultra 700 series machines.</para> 701 702 <para role="historic">The &man.lge.4; driver has been added to support the Level 703 1 LXT1001 NetCellerator Gigabit Ethernet controller chip. This 704 device is used on some fiber optic GigE cards from SMC, D-Link 705 and Addtron. Jumbograms and TCP/IP checksum offload on 706 receive are supported, although hardware VLAN filtering is 707 not. &merged;</para> 708 709 <para role="historic">The my driver, which supports the Myson Fast Ethernet and 710 Gigabit Ethernet adapters, has been added. &merged;</para> 711 712 <para role="historic">Added the &man.nge.4; driver, which supports PCI Gigabit 713 Ethernet adapters based on the National Semiconductor DP83820 714 and DP83821 Gigabit Ethernet controller chips, including the 715 D-Link DGE-500T, SMC EZ Card 1000 (SMC9462TX), Asante 716 FriendlyNet GigaNIC 1000TA and 1000TPC and Addtron AEG320T. 717 This driver supports transmit and receive checksum 718 offloading. &merged;</para> 719 720 <para role="historic">The &man.pcn.4; driver, which supports the AMD PCnet/FAST, 721 PCnet/FAST+, PCnet/FAST III, PCnet/PRO, PCnet/Home, and 722 HomePNA adapters, has been added. Although these cards are 723 already supported by the &man.lnc.4; driver, the &man.pcn.4; 724 driver runs these chips in 32-bit mode and uses the RX 725 alignment feature to achieve zero-copy receive. This driver 726 is also machine-independent, so it will work on the i386, 727 pc98 and Alpha platforms. The &man.lnc.4; driver is still needed 728 to support non-PCI cards. &merged;</para> 729 730 <para role="historic">The &man.ray.4; driver, which supports the Webgear Aviator 731 wireless network cards, has been committed. The operation of 732 &man.ray.4; interfaces can be modified by 733 &man.raycontrol.8;. &merged;</para> 734 735 <para arch="i386" role="historic">The sbni driver, for supporting the Granch 736 SBNI12 series of ISA and PCI point-to-point communications 737 interfaces, has been added. The <filename 738 role="package">sysutils/sbniconfig</filename> port in the &os; 739 Ports Collection can be used for configuring these 740 devices. &merged;</para> 741 742 <para role="historic">Added support for PCI Ethernet adapters based on the SiS 743 900 and SiS 7016 Fast Ethernet controller chips (for example, 744 as seen on the SiS 635 and 735 motherboard chipsets), as well 745 as the National Semiconductor DP83815 chipset (including the 746 NetGear FA311-TX and FA312-TX) in the form of the &man.sis.4; 747 driver. This device has support for VLANs. &merged;</para> 748 749 <para arch="pc98" role="historic">The snc driver for the National Semiconductor 750 DP8393X (SONIC) Ethernet controller has been added. 751 Currently, this driver is only used on the PC-98 752 architecture. &merged;</para> 753 754 <para>The &man.stf.4; device is now clonable.</para> 755 756 <para role="historic">The &man.tap.4; driver, a virtual Ethernet device driver 757 for bridged configurations, has been added. This device is 758 clonable. &merged;</para> 759 760 <para role="historic">The &man.ti.4; driver now supports the Alteon AceNIC 761 1000baseT Gigabit Ethernet and Netgear GA620T 1000baseT 762 Gigabit cards. &merged;</para> 763 764 <para role="historic">The &man.ti.4; driver correctly masks VLAN tags. &merged;</para> 765 766 <para role="historic">The &man.txp.4; driver has been added to support NICs 767 based on the 3Com 3XP Typhoon/Sidewinder (3CR990) 768 chipset. &merged;</para> 769 770 <para role="historic">&man.vlan.4; devices are now loadable, unloadable, and 771 clonable. &merged;</para> 772 773 <para role="historic">The &man.wi.4; driver now has support for Prism II and 774 Prism 2.5-based NICs. 104/128-bit WEP now works on Prism 775 cards. &merged;</para> 776 777 <para role="historic">The &man.wi.4; driver now supports using a &os; host as 778 a wireless access point. This functionality can be enabled 779 using the <literal>mediaopt hostap</literal> option of 780 &man.ifconfig.8;. This feature requires a wireless 781 adapter based on the Prism II chipset. &merged;</para> 782 783 <para role="historic">The &man.wi.4; driver now has support for 784 <application>bsd-airtools</application>. &merged;</para> 785 786 <para role="historic">The xe driver can now be built as a 787 module. &merged;</para> 788 789 <para role="historic">The &man.xl.4; driver now supports the 3Com 3C556 and 790 3C556B MiniPCI adapters used on some laptops. &merged;</para> 791 792 <para role="historic">The &man.xl.4; driver now supports reception of VLAN 793 tagged frames (on the <quote>Cyclone</quote> or newer 794 chipsets). &merged;</para> 795 796 <para role="historic">The &man.xl.4; driver now supports send- and receive-side 797 TCP/IP checksum offloading for NICs implementing this feature, 798 such as the 3C905B, 3C905C, and 3C980C. &merged;</para> 799 800 <para role="historic">A bug in the &man.xl.4; driver, related to statistics 801 overflow interrupt handling, was causing slowdowns at medium 802 to high packet rates; this has been fixed. &merged;</para> 803 804 <para role="historic">The per-interface <varname>ifnet</varname> structure now 805 has the ability to indicate a set of capabilities supported by 806 a network interface, and which ones are enabled. 807 &man.ifconfig.8; has support for querying these 808 capabilities. &merged;</para> 809 810 <para role="historic">Performance with hosts having a large number of IP aliases 811 has been improved, by replacing the per-interface 812 <varname>if_inaddr</varname> linear list with a hash table. &merged;</para> 813 814 <para>Network devices now automatically appear as special files in 815 <filename>/dev/net</filename>. Interface hardware ioctls (not 816 protocol or routing) can be performed on these devices. The 817 <varname>SIOCGIFCONF</varname> ioctl may be performed on the 818 special <filename>/dev/network</filename> node.</para> 819 820 <para role="historic">Selected network drivers now implement a semi-polling 821 mode, which makes systems much more resilient to attacks and 822 overloads. To enable polling, the following options are 823 required in a kernel configuration file: 824 825 <programlisting>options DEVICE_POLLING 826options HZ=1000 # not compulsory but strongly recommended</programlisting> 827 828 The <varname>kern.polling.enable</varname> sysctl variable 829 will then activate polling mode; with the 830 <varname>kern.polling.user_frac</varname> sysctl indicating 831 the percentage of CPU time to be reserved for userland. The 832 devices initially supporting polling are &man.dc.4;, 833 &man.fxp.4;, &man.rl.4;, and &man.sis.4;. More details can be found in 834 the &man.polling.4; manual page. &merged;</para> 835 836 <para arch="i386,pc98" role="historic">The packet-forwarding performance of certain 837 network drivers (specifically &man.dc.4; and &man.sis.4;) has 838 been enhanced by the elimination of unnecessary buffer 839 copies. &merged;</para> 840 </sect3> 841 842 <sect3> 843 <title>Network Protocols</title> 844 845 <para role="historic">&man.accept.filter.9;, a kernel feature to reduce 846 overheads when accepting and reading new connections on 847 listening sockets, has been added. &merged;</para> 848 849 <para role="historic">The <literal>proxy</literal> modifier to &man.arp.8;'s 850 <option>-d</option> option has been renamed to 851 <literal>pub</literal>, for consistency with the 852 <option>-s</option> option. The <literal>only</literal> keyword 853 has been added to the <option>-s</option> and 854 <option>-S</option> flags, to be used in creating 855 <quote>proxy-only</quote> published entries. &merged;</para> 856 857 <para role="historic">The read timeout feature of &man.bpf.4; now works more 858 correctly with &man.select.2;/&man.poll.2;, and therefore with 859 pthreads. &merged;</para> 860 861 <para role="historic">&man.bridge.4; and &man.dummynet.4; have received some 862 enhancements and bug fixes, and are now loadable 863 modules. &merged;</para> 864 865 <para role="historic">&man.bridge.4; now has better support for multiple, 866 fully-independent bridging clusters, and is much more stable 867 in the presence of dynamic attachments and detatchments. Full 868 support for VLANs is also supported. &merged;</para> 869 870 <para>ICMP ECHO and TSTAMP replies are now rate limited. TCP 871 RSTs generated due to packets sent to open and unopen ports 872 are now limited by separate counters. Each rate limiting 873 queue now has its own description.</para> 874 875 <para role="historic">ICMP <literal>UNREACH_FILTER_PROHIB</literal> messages can 876 now RST TCP connections in the <literal>SYN_SENT</literal> 877 state if the correct sequence numbers are sent back, as 878 controlled by the 879 <varname>net.inet.tcp.icmp_may_rst</varname> sysctl. &merged;</para> 880 881 <para>IP multicast now works on VLAN devices. Several other 882 bugs in the VLAN code have also been fixed.</para> 883 884 <para role="historic">A bug in the IPsec processing for IPv4, which caused the 885 inbound SPD checks to be ignored, has been fixed. &merged;</para> 886 887 <para role="historic">&man.ipfw.4; now filters correctly in the presence of ECN 888 bits in TCP segments. &merged;</para> 889 890 <para role="historic">A new ng_eiface netgraph module has been added, which 891 appears as an Ethernet interface but delivers its Ethernet 892 frames to a Netgraph hook. &merged;</para> 893 894 <para role="historic">A new &man.ng.etf.4; netgraph node allows Ethernet type 895 packets to be filtered to different hooks depending on 896 ethertype. &merged;</para> 897 898 <para>The &man.ng.gif.4; and &man.ng.gif.demux.4; netgraph 899 nodes, for operating on &man.gif.4; devices, have been 900 added.</para> 901 902 <para>The &man.ng.ip.input.4; netgraph node, for queueing IP 903 packets into the main IP input processing code, has been 904 added.</para> 905 906 <para role="historic">The &man.ng.mppc.4; and &man.ng.bridge.4; node types have 907 been added to the &man.netgraph.4; subsystem. The 908 &man.ng.ether.4; node is now dynamically loadable. 909 Miscellaneous bug fixes and enhancements have also been 910 made. &merged;</para> 911 912 <para role="historic">A new netgraph node type &man.ng.one2many.4; for 913 multiplexing and demultiplexing packets over multiple links 914 has been added. &merged;</para> 915 916 <para>A new ng_split node type has been added for splitting a 917 bidirectional packet flow into two unidirectional flows.</para> 918 919 <para role="historic">A new sysctl 920 <varname>net.inet.ip.check_interface</varname>, which is on by 921 default, causes IP to verify that an incoming packet arrives 922 on an interface that has an address matching the packet's 923 destination address. &merged;</para> 924 925 <para role="historic">A new sysctl 926 <varname>net.link.ether.inet.log_arp_wrong_iface</varname> has 927 been added to control the suppression of logging when ARP 928 replies arrive on the wrong interface. &merged;</para> 929 930 <para role="historic">A new <literal>options RANDOM_IP_ID</literal> kernel 931 option causes the ID field of IP packets to be randomized. 932 This closes a minor information leak which allows a remote 933 observer to determine the rate at which the machine is 934 generating packets, since the default behavior is to increment 935 a counter for each packet sent. &merged;</para> 936 937 <para arch="alpha">SLIP has been removed from the 938 <filename>mfsroot</filename> floppy image.</para> 939 940 <para role="historic">TCP has received some bug fixes for its delayed ACK 941 behavior. &merged;</para> 942 943 <para role="historic">TCP now supports the NewReno modification to the TCP Fast 944 Recovery algorithm. This behavior can be controlled via the 945 <varname>net.inet.tcp.newreno</varname> sysctl 946 variable. &merged;</para> 947 948 <para role="historic">TCP now uses a more aggressive timeout for initial SYN 949 segments; this allows initial connection attempts to be 950 dropped much faster. &merged;</para> 951 952 <para role="historic">The <literal>TCP_COMPAT_42</literal> kernel option has 953 been removed. &merged;</para> 954 955 <para role="historic">The <literal>TCP_RESTRICT_RST</literal> kernel option has 956 been removed. Similar functionality can be achieved with the 957 <varname>net.inet.tcp.blackhole</varname> sysctl 958 variable. &merged;</para> 959 960 <para role="historic">TCP now has RFC 1323 extensions enabled by default in 961 &man.rc.conf.5;. &merged;</para> 962 963 <para role="historic">RFC 1323 and RFC 1644 TCP extensions are now disabled for 964 a connection in progress if no response has been received by 965 the third SYN segment sent. This behavior tries to work 966 around (very old) terminal servers with buggy VJ header 967 compression implementations. &merged;</para> 968 969 <para role="historic">The TCP implementation no longer requires the allocation 970 of a TCP template structure for each connection; this should 971 reduce the buffer usage on large systems handling many 972 connections. &merged;</para> 973 974 <para role="historic">TCP's default buffer sizes, controlled by the 975 <varname>net.inet.tcp.sendspace</varname> and 976 <varname>net.inet.tcp.recvspace</varname> sysctl variables, 977 have been increased to 32K and 64K respectively. Previously, 978 the default for both buffer sizes was 16K. To try to avoid 979 increasing congestion, the default value for 980 <varname>net.inet.tcp.local_slowstart_flightsize</varname> has 981 been changed from infinity to 4. &merged; 982 983 <note> 984 <para>On busy hosts, the new larger buffer sizes may require 985 manually increasing the 986 <varname>NMBCLUSTERS</varname> parameter, either in the 987 kernel configuration file or via the 988 <varname>kern.ipc.nmbclusters</varname> loader tunable. 989 <command>netstat -mb</command> can be used to monitor the 990 state of mbuf clusters.</para> 991 </note> 992 </para> 993 994 <para role="historic">TCP now supports RFC 1948 (Defending Against Sequence 995 Number Attacks). The 996 <varname>net.inet.tcp.isn_reseed_interval</varname> sysctl 997 variable controls the reseeding of the secret data used in 998 the RFC 1948 initial sequence number calculations. &merged;</para> 999 1000 <para role="historic">The TCP implementation in &os; now implements a cache of 1001 outstanding, received SYN segments. Incoming SYN segments now 1002 cause entries to be placed in the cache until the TCP 1003 three-way handshake is complete, at which point, memory is 1004 allocated for the connection as usual. In addition, all TCP 1005 Initial Sequence Numbers (ISNs) are used as cookies, allowing 1006 entries in the cache to be dropped, but still have their 1007 corresponding ACKs accepted later. The combination of the 1008 so-called 1009 <quote>syncache</quote> and <quote>syncookies</quote> features 1010 makes a host much more resistant to TCP-based Denial of 1011 Service attacks. Work on this feature was sponsored by DARPA 1012 and NAI Labs. &merged;</para> 1013 1014 <para role="historic">A bug in the TCP implementation, which could cause 1015 connections to stall if a sender saw a zero-sized window, has 1016 been corrected. &merged;</para> 1017 1018 <para role="historic">The TCP implementation now properly ignores packets 1019 addressed to IP-layer broadcast addresses. &merged;</para> 1020 1021 <para>The ephemeral port range used for TCP and UDP has been 1022 changed to 49152–65535 (the old default was 1023 1024–5000). This increases the number of concurrent 1024 outgoing connections/streams.</para> 1025 </sect3> 1026 1027 <sect3> 1028 <title>Disks and Storage</title> 1029 1030 <para arch="i386" role="historic">Support for the Adaptec FSA family of PCI-SCSI 1031 RAID controllers has been added, in the form of the 1032 &man.aac.4; driver. This driver includes proper handling of 1033 commands initiated by the adapter, addition/removal of disk 1034 devices, crashdump functionality, and &man.ioctl.2; commands 1035 necessary for the management CLI, and is fully qualified and 1036 sanctioned by Adaptec. &merged;</para> 1037 1038 <para role="historic">The &man.ahc.4; driver has received numerous updates, 1039 bugfixes, and enhancements. Among various improvements are 1040 improved compatibility with chips in <quote>RAID Port</quote> 1041 mode and systems with AAA and/or ARO cards installed, as well 1042 as performance improvements. Some bugs were also fixed, 1043 including a rare hang on Ultra2/U160 1044 controllers. &merged;</para> 1045 1046 <para arch="i386" role="historic">The &man.asr.4; driver, which provides support 1047 for the Adaptec SCSI RAID controller family, as well as the 1048 DPT SmartRAID V and VI families, has been 1049 added. &merged;</para> 1050 1051 <para arch="i386" role="historic">The &man.asr.4; driver now supports the 1052 Adaptec 2000S and 2005S Zero-Channel RAID 1053 controllers. &merged;</para> 1054 1055 <para role="historic">The &man.ata.4; driver now has support for ATA100 1056 controllers. In addition, it now supports the ServerWorks 1057 ROSB4 ATA33 chipset, the CMD 648 ATA66 and CMD 649 ATA100 1058 chipsets, and the Cyrix 5530. &merged;</para> 1059 1060 <para role="historic">To provide more flexible configuration, the various 1061 options for the &man.ata.4; driver are now boot loader 1062 tunables, rather than kernel configure-time 1063 options. &merged;</para> 1064 1065 <para role="historic">The &man.ata.4; driver now has support for tagged queuing, 1066 which is enabled by the <varname>hw.ata.tags</varname> loader 1067 tunable. &merged;</para> 1068 1069 <para role="historic">The &man.ata.4; driver now has support for ATA 1070 <quote>pseudo</quote> RAID controllers as the Promise Fasttrak 1071 and HighPoint HPT370 controllers. &merged;</para> 1072 1073 <para role="historic">The &man.ata.4; driver now supports a wider variety of SiS 1074 chipsets, as listed in the Hardware Notes. &merged;</para> 1075 1076 <para role="historic">The &man.ata.4; driver now has support for creating, 1077 deleting, querying, and rebuilding ATA RAIDs under control of 1078 &man.atacontrol.8;. &merged;</para> 1079 1080 <para role="historic">The BurnProof(TM) feature, for applicable ATAPI CD-ROM 1081 burners, is now supported. &merged;</para> 1082 1083 <para role="historic">The &man.ata.4; driver now has support for 48-bit 1084 addressing. Devices larger than 137GB are now 1085 supported. &merged;</para> 1086 1087 <para role="historic">The &man.ata.4; driver now contains fixes for some data 1088 corruption problems on systems using the VIA 82C686B 1089 Southbridge chip. &merged;</para> 1090 1091 <para role="historic">The &man.cd.4; driver now has support for write 1092 operations. This allows writing to DVD-RAM, PD and similar 1093 drives that probe as CD devices. Note that change affects 1094 only random-access writeable devices, not sequential-only 1095 writeable devices such as CD-R drives, which are supported by 1096 &man.cdrecord.1; (a part of 1097 <filename role="package">sysutils/cdrtools</filename> in the 1098 Ports Collection. &merged;</para> 1099 1100 <para arch="i386" role="historic">The ciss driver, for devices utilizing the 1101 Common Interface for SCSI-3 Support, has been added. This 1102 driver supports the Compaq SmartRAID 5* family of RAID 1103 controllers (5300, 532, 5i). &merged;</para> 1104 1105 <para>The &man.fdc.4; floppy disk has undergone a number of 1106 enhancements. Density selection for common settings is now 1107 automatic; the driver is also much more flexible in setting 1108 the densities of various subdevices.</para> 1109 1110 <para>The &man.geom.4; disk I/O request transformation framework 1111 has been added; this extensible framework is designed to 1112 support a wide variety of operations on I/O requests on their 1113 way from the upper kernel to the device drivers.</para> 1114 1115 <para role="historic">The ida disk driver now has crashdump 1116 support. &merged;</para> 1117 1118 <para arch="i386" role="historic">The iir driver has been added to support the 1119 Intel Integrated RAID controllers, as well as prior ICP Vortex 1120 controllers.</para> 1121 1122 <para arch="alpha" role="historic">A bug that made certain CDROM drives fail to 1123 attach when connected to a SCSI card driven by &man.isp.4; has 1124 been fixed. &merged;</para> 1125 1126 <para>The &man.isp.4; driver is now proactive about discovering 1127 Fibre Channel topology changes.</para> 1128 1129 <para>The &man.isp.4; driver now supports target mode for Qlogic 1130 SCSI cards, including Ultra2 and Ultra3 and dual bus 1131 cards.</para> 1132 1133 <para role="historic">The &man.isp.4; driver now supports the Qlogic 2300 and 1134 2312 Optical Fibre Channel PCI cards. &merged;</para> 1135 1136 <para>&man.md.4;, the memory disk device, has had the 1137 functionality of &man.vn.4; incorporated into it. &man.md.4; 1138 devices can now be configured by &man.mdconfig.8;. &man.vn.4; 1139 has been removed. The Memory Filesystem (MFS) has also been 1140 removed.</para> 1141 1142 <para arch="i386" role="historic">The &man.mly.4; driver, for Mylex PCI to SCSI 1143 AccelRAID and eXtremeRAID controllers with firmware 6.X and 1144 later, has been added. &merged;</para> 1145 1146 <para arch="i386,pc98" role="historic">The ncv, nsp, and stg drivers have been ported 1147 from NetBSD/pc98. They support the NCR 53C50 / Workbit Ninja 1148 SCSI-3 / TMC 18C30, 18C50 based PC-Card/ISA SCSI controllers. 1149 All three drivers can be built and loaded as 1150 modules. &merged;</para> 1151 1152 <para arch="powerpc">The ofw driver, a basic OpenFirmware disk 1153 driver, has been added.</para> 1154 1155 <para>Some problems in &man.sa.4; error handling have been 1156 fixed, including the <quote>tape drive spinning indefinitely 1157 upon &man.mt.1; <option>stat</option></quote> problem.</para> 1158 1159 <para arch="i386" role="historic">The &man.twe.4; 3ware ATA RAID driver has 1160 added. &merged;</para> 1161 1162 <para role="historic">The &man.wd.4; compatibility devices were removed from the 1163 &man.ata.4; driver. &merged;</para> 1164 </sect3> 1165 1166 <sect3> 1167 <title>Filesystems</title> 1168 1169 <para>Support for named extended attributes was added to the 1170 &os; kernel. This allows the kernel, and appropriately 1171 privileged userland processes, to tag files and directories 1172 with attribute data. Extended attributes were added to 1173 support the TrustedBSD Project, in particular ACLs, capability 1174 data, and mandatory access control labels (see 1175 <filename>/usr/src/sys/ufs/ufs/README.extattr</filename> for 1176 details).</para> 1177 1178 <para role="historic">Due to a licensing change, softupdates have been 1179 integrated into the main portion of the kernel source tree. 1180 As a consequence, softupdates are now available with the 1181 <filename>GENERIC</filename> kernel. &merged;</para> 1182 1183 <para>A filesystem snapshot capability has been added to FFS. 1184 Details can be found in 1185 <filename>/usr/src/sys/ufs/ffs/README.snapshot</filename>.</para> 1186 1187<!-- The following note needs to be made more specific or eliminated. --> 1188 <para>Softupdates for FFS have received some bug fixes and 1189 enhancements.</para> 1190 1191 <para>When running with softupdates, &man.statfs.2; and 1192 &man.df.1; will track the number of blocks and files that are 1193 committed to being freed.</para> 1194 1195 <para role="historic">A bug in FFS that could cause superblock corruption on 1196 very large filesystems has been corrected. &merged;</para> 1197 1198 <para role="historic">The ISO-9660 filesystem now has a hook that supports a 1199 loadable character conversion routine. The 1200 <filename role="package">sysutils/cd9660_unicode</filename> 1201 port contains a set of common conversions. &merged;</para> 1202 1203 <para>&man.kernfs.5; is obsolete and has been retired.</para> 1204 1205 <para role="historic">A bug in the NFS client that caused bogus access times with 1206 <literal>O_EXCL|O_CREAT</literal> opens was 1207 fixed. &merged;</para> 1208 1209 <para role="historic">A new NFS hash function (based on the Fowler/Noll/Vo hash 1210 algorithm) has been implemented to improve NFS performance by 1211 increasing the efficiency of the <varname>nfsnode</varname> 1212 hash tables. &merged;</para> 1213 1214 <para>Client-side NFS locks have been implemented.</para> 1215 1216 <para>The client-side and server-side of the NFS code in the 1217 kernel used to be intertwined in various complex ways. They 1218 have been split apart for ease of maintenance and further 1219 development.</para> 1220 1221 <para>Support for filesystem Access Control Lists (ACLs) has 1222 been introduced, allowing more fine-grained control of 1223 discretionary access control on files and directories. This 1224 support was integrated from the TrustedBSD Project. More 1225 details can be found in 1226 <filename>/usr/src/sys/ufs/ufs/README.acls</filename>.</para> 1227 1228 <para role="historic">The directory layout preference algorithm for FFS 1229 (<literal>dirprefs</literal>) has been changed. Rather than 1230 scattering directory blocks across a disk, it attempts to 1231 group related directory blocks together. Operations 1232 traversing large directory hierarchies, such as the &os; Ports 1233 tree, have shown marked speedups. This change is transparent 1234 and automatic for new directories. &merged;</para> 1235 1236 <para arch="i386,pc98" role="historic">smbfs (CIFS) support in kernel has been added. 1237 The userland programs &man.smbutil.1; and &man.mount.smbfs.8; 1238 can be used to work with SMB shares. Note that 1239 &man.mount.smbfs.8; will automatically load the 1240 <filename>smbfs.ko</filename> module into the kernel, even if 1241 <literal>LIBMCHAIN</literal> and 1242 <literal>LIBICONV</literal> were not compiled into the kernel. 1243 &merged;</para> 1244 1245 <para>For consistency, the fdesc, fifo, null, msdos, portal, 1246 umap, and union filesystems have been renamed to fdescfs, 1247 fifofs, msdosfs, nullfs, portalfs, umapfs, and unionfs. Where 1248 applicable, modules and mount_* programs have been renamed. 1249 Compatibility <quote>glue</quote> has been added to 1250 &man.mount.8; so that <literal>msdos</literal> filesystem 1251 entries in &man.fstab.5; will work without changes.</para> 1252 1253 <para>pseudofs, a pseudo-filesystem framework, has been added. 1254 &man.linprocfs.5; and &man.procfs.5; have been modified to use 1255 pseudofs.</para> 1256 1257 <para role="historic">A simple hash-based lookup optimization for large 1258 directories called <literal>dirhash</literal> has been added. 1259 Conditional on the 1260 <literal>UFS_DIRHASH</literal> kernel option (enabled by 1261 default in the <filename>GENERIC</filename> kernel), it 1262 improves the speed of operations on very large directories at 1263 the expense of some memory. &merged;</para> 1264 1265 <para role="historic">The virtual memory subsystem now backs UFS directory 1266 memory requirements by default (this behavior is controlled 1267 via the <varname>vfs.vmiodirenable</varname> sysctl 1268 variable). &merged;</para> 1269 1270 <para role="historic">A bug that prevented the root filesystem from being 1271 mounted from a SCSI CDROM has been fixed (ATAPI CDROMs were 1272 always supported). &merged;</para> 1273 1274 <para role="historic">A number of bugs in the filesystem code, discovered 1275 through the use of the <application>fsx</application> 1276 filesystem test tool, have been fixed. Under certain 1277 circumstances (primarily related to use of NFS), these bugs 1278 could cause data corruption or kernel panics. &merged;</para> 1279 1280 <para>Network filesystems (such as NFS and smbfs filesystems) 1281 listed in <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> can now be properly 1282 mounted during startup initialization; their mounts are 1283 deferred until after the network is initialized.</para> 1284 1285 <para>Read-only support for the Universal Disk Format (UDF) has 1286 been added. This format is used on packet-written CD-RWs and 1287 most commercial DVD-Video disks. The &man.mount.udf.8; 1288 command can be used to mount these disks.</para> 1289 </sect3> 1290 1291 <sect3> 1292 <title>PCCARD Support</title> 1293 1294 <para arch="i386,pc98" role="historic">The pccard driver and &man.pccardc.8; now 1295 support multiple <quote>beep types</quote> upon card insertion 1296 and removal. &merged;</para> 1297 1298 <para role="historic">On many modern hosts, PCCARD devices can be configured to 1299 route their interrupts via either the ISA or PCI interrupt 1300 paths. The &man.pcic.4; driver has been updated to support 1301 both interrupt paths (formerly, only routing via ISA was 1302 supported). &merged; In most cases, configuration of PCMCIA 1303 devices in laptops is simpler and more flexible. In addition, 1304 various Cardbus bridge PCI cards (such as those used by 1305 Orinoco PCI NICs) are now supported. Some hosts may 1306 experience problems, such as hangs or panics, with PCI 1307 interrupt routing; they can frequently be made to work by 1308 forcing the older-style ISA interrupt routing. The following 1309 lines, placed in <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename>, may 1310 fix the problem:</para> 1311 1312 <programlisting role="historic">hw.pcic.intr_path="1" 1313 hw.pcic.irq="0"</programlisting> 1314 1315 <para role="historic">When installing &os; on such a system, typing the 1316 following lines to the boot loader may be helpful in starting 1317 up &os; for the first time:<para> 1318 1319 <screen role="historic"><prompt>ok</prompt> <userinput>set hw.pcic.intr_path="1"</userinput> 1320<prompt>ok</prompt> <userinput>set hw.pcic.irq="0"</userinput></screen> 1321 1322 <para arch="i386">Preliminary Cardbus support under NEWCARD has 1323 been added. This code supports the TI113X, TI12XX, TI125X, 1324 Ricoh 5C46/5C47, Topic 95/97/100 and Cirrus Logic PD683X 1325 bridges. 16-bit PC Card support is not yet functional.</para> 1326 </sect3> 1327 1328 <sect3> 1329 <title>Multimedia Support</title> 1330 1331 <para arch="i386" role="historic">The &man.pcm.4; driver now supports the ESS 1332 Solo 1, Maestro-1, Maestro-2, and Maestro-2e; Forte Media 1333 fm801, ESS Maestro-2e, and VIA Technologies VT82C686A sound 1334 card/chipsets, and has received some other updates. Separate 1335 drivers for the SoundBlaster 8 and SoundBlaster 16 now replace 1336 an older, unified driver. A driver for the CMedia 1337 CMI8338/CMI8738 sound chips has been added. A driver for the 1338 CS4281 sound chip has been added. A driver for the S3 1339 SonicVibes chipset has been added. &merged;</para> 1340 1341 <para arch="i386" role="historic">A driver for the Avance Logic ALS4000 has been 1342 added. &merged;</para> 1343 1344 <para arch="i386" role="historic">A driver for the ESS Maestro-3/Allegro has 1345 been added, however due to licensing restrictions, it cannot 1346 be compiled into the kernel. &merged; To use this driver, add 1347 the following line to 1348 <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename>:</para> 1349 1350 <programlisting role="historic">snd_maestro3_load="YES"</programlisting> 1351 1352 <para role="historic">The &man.bktr.4; driver has been updated to 2.18. This 1353 update provides a number of new features. New tuner types 1354 have been added, and improvements to the KLD module and to 1355 memory allocation have been made. Bugs in &man.devfs.5; when 1356 unloading and reloading have been fixed. Support for new 1357 Hauppauge Model 44xxx WinTV Cards (the ones with no audio mux) 1358 has been added. &merged;</para> 1359 1360 <para arch="i386,pc98" role="historic">The ufm driver, supporting the D-Link DSB-R100 1361 USB Radio, has been added. &merged;</para> 1362 1363 <para role="historic">When sound modules are built, one can now load all the 1364 drivers and infrastructure by <command>kldload 1365 snd</command>. &merged;</para> 1366 1367 <para>A new API has been added for sound cards with hardware 1368 volume control.</para> 1369 1370 <para arch="i386" role="historic">A driver for the Intel 443MX, 810, 815, and 1371 815E integrated sound devices has been added. &merged;</para> 1372 1373 <para arch="i386" role="historic">The via82c686 sound driver now supports the VIA 1374 VT8233. &merged;</para> 1375 1376 <para arch="i386" role="historic">The ich sound driver now support the SiS 1377 7012 chipset. &merged;</para> 1378 1379 <para arch="i386">Drivers have been added to support the Direct 1380 Rendering Infrastructure, which can used to provide 3D 1381 acceleration within <application>XFree86</application>. Video 1382 cards supported include the 3Dlabs Oxygen GMX 2000 (gammadrm), 1383 AGP Matrox G200/G400/G450/G550 (mgadrm), 3dfx Voodoo 1384 3/4/5/Banshee (tdfxdrm), AGI ATI Rage 128 (r128drm), and AGP 1385 ATI Radeon (radeondrm).</para> 1386 1387 </sect3> 1388 1389 <sect3> 1390 <title>Contributed Software</title> 1391 1392 <para>The Forth Inspired Command Language 1393 (<application>FICL</application>) used in the boot loader has 1394 been updated to 3.02.</para> 1395 1396 <para>Support for Advanced Configuration and Power Interface 1397 (ACPI), a multi-vendor standard for configuration and power 1398 management, has been added. This functionality has been 1399 provided by the <application>Intel ACPI Component 1400 Architecture</application> project, as of the ACPI CA 20020308 1401 snapshot. Some backward compatability for applications using 1402 the older APM standard has been provided.</para> 1403 1404 <sect4> 1405 <title>IPFilter</title> 1406 1407 <para><application>IPFilter</application> has been updated to 1408 3.4.28.</para> 1409 1410 <para role="historic"><application>IPFilter</application> now supports 1411 IPv6. &merged;</para> 1412 1413 </sect4> 1414 1415 <sect4 arch="i386"> 1416 <title>isdn4bsd</title> 1417 1418 <para><application>isdn4bsd</application> has been updated to 1419 version 1.0.2.</para> 1420 1421 <para role="historic">The &man.ifpi.4; driver for supporting the AVM 1422 Fritz!Card PCI controller has been added. &merged;</para> 1423 1424 <para role="historic">The &man.ifpi2.4; driver for supporting the AVM 1425 Fritz!Card PCI version 2 controller has been added. &merged;</para> 1426 1427 <para role="historic">The &man.ihfc.4; driver for supporting Cologne Chip 1428 Designs HFC devices under 1429 <application>isdn4bsd</application> has been 1430 added. &merged;</para> 1431 1432 <para role="historic">The &man.itjc.4; driver for supporting NETjet-S / Teles 1433 PCI-TJ devices under <application>isdn4bsd</application> has 1434 been added. &merged;</para> 1435 1436 <para role="historic">Experimental support for the Eicon.Diehl DIVA 2.0 and 1437 2.02 ISA PnP ISDN cards has been added to the &man.isic.4; 1438 <application>isdn4bsd</application> driver. &merged;</para> 1439 1440 <para role="historic">The &man.isic.4; driver now supports the Compaq Microcom 1441 610 ISDN ISA PnP card. &merged;</para> 1442 1443 <para role="historic">Active CAPI-based ISDN cards manufactured by AVM are now 1444 supported using the &man.i4bcapi.4; and the &man.iavc.4; 1445 driver. The supported cards are the AVM B1 PCI and AVM B1 1446 ISA Basic Rate cards and the AVM T1 Primary Rate 1447 cards. &merged;</para> 1448 1449 <para role="historic">A new <literal>maxconnecttime</literal> keyword is now 1450 accepted in &man.isdnd.rc.5; files to limit the time a 1451 connection may remain open. &merged;</para> 1452 1453 <para role="historic">&man.isdnphone.8; now supports a <option>-k</option> 1454 option for sending messages via the keypad facility to a PBX 1455 or exchange office. &merged;</para> 1456 1457 <para><application>isdn4bsd</application> now supports Q.931 1458 subaddressing.</para> 1459 1460 </sect4> 1461 1462 <sect4 id="kame-kernel"> 1463 <title>KAME</title> 1464 1465 <para role="historic">The IPv6 stack is now based on a snapshot based on the 1466 KAME Project's IPv6 snapshot as of 28 May, 2001. Most of 1467 the items listed in this section are a result of this 1468 import. <xref linkend="kame-userland"> lists userland 1469 updates to the KAME IPv6 stack. &merged;</para> 1470 1471 <para role="historic">&man.gif.4; is now based on RFC 2893, rather than RFC 1472 1933. The <literal>IFF_LINK2</literal> interface flag can 1473 be used to control ingress filtering. &merged;</para> 1474 1475 <para role="historic"><application>IPsec</application> has received some 1476 enhancements, including the ability to use the Rijndael and 1477 SHA2 algorithms. IPsec RC5 support has been removed due to 1478 patent issues. &merged;</para> 1479 1480 <para role="historic">&man.stf.4; now conforms to RFC 3056; the 1481 <literal>IFF_LINK2</literal> interface flag can be used to 1482 control ingress filtering. &merged;</para> 1483 1484 <para role="historic">IPv6 has better checking of illegal addresses (such as 1485 loopback addresses) on physical networks. &merged;</para> 1486 1487 <para role="historic">The <varname>IPV6_V6ONLY</varname> socket option is now 1488 completely supported. The kernel's default behavior with 1489 respect to this option is controlled by the 1490 <varname>net.inet6.ip6.v6only</varname> sysctl 1491 variable. &merged;</para> 1492 1493 <para role="historic">RFC 3041 (Privacy Extensions for Stateless Address 1494 Autoconfiguration) is now supported. It can be enabled via 1495 the <varname>net.inet6.ip6.use_tempaddr</varname> sysctl 1496 variable. &merged;</para> 1497 </sect4> 1498 </sect3> 1499 </sect2> 1500 1501 <sect2 id="security"> 1502 <title>Security-Related Changes</title> 1503 1504 <para role="historic">&man.sysinstall.8; now allows the user to select one of two 1505 <quote>security profiles</quote> at install-time. These 1506 profiles enable different levels of system security by enabling 1507 or disabling various system services in &man.rc.conf.5; on new 1508 installs. &merged;</para> 1509 1510 <para>A bug in which malformed ELF executable images can hang the 1511 system has been fixed (see security advisory 1512 FreeBSD-SA-00:41). &merged;</para> 1513 1514 <para>A security hole in Linux emulation was fixed (see security 1515 advisory FreeBSD-SA-00:42). &merged;</para> 1516 1517 <para role="historic">String-handling library calls in many programs were fixed to 1518 reduce the possibility of buffer overflow-related exploits. 1519 &merged;</para> 1520 1521 <para>TCP now uses stronger randomness in choosing its initial 1522 sequence numbers (see security advisory 1523 FreeBSD-SA-00:52). &merged;</para> 1524 1525 <para>Several buffer overflows in &man.tcpdump.1; were corrected 1526 (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-00:61). &merged;</para> 1527 1528 <para>A security hole in &man.top.1; was corrected (see security 1529 advisory FreeBSD-SA-00:62). &merged;</para> 1530 1531 <para>A potential security hole caused by an off-by-one-error in 1532 &man.gethostbyname.3; has been fixed (see security advisory 1533 FreeBSD-SA-00:63). &merged;</para> 1534 1535 <para>A potential buffer overflow in the &man.ncurses.3; library, 1536 which could cause arbitrary code to be run from within 1537 &man.systat.1;, has been corrected (see security advisory 1538 FreeBSD-SA-00:68). &merged;</para> 1539 1540 <para>A vulnerability in &man.telnetd.8; that could cause it to 1541 consume large amounts of server resources has been fixed (see 1542 security advisory FreeBSD-SA-00:69). &merged;</para> 1543 1544 <para>The <literal>nat deny_incoming</literal> command in 1545 &man.ppp.8; now works correctly (see security advisory 1546 FreeBSD-SA-00:70). &merged;</para> 1547 1548 <para>A vulnerability in &man.csh.1;/&man.tcsh.1; temporary files 1549 that could allow overwriting of arbitrary user-writable files 1550 has been closed (see security advisory 1551 FreeBSD-SA-00:76). &merged;</para> 1552 1553 <para role="historic">The &man.ssh.1; binary is no longer SUID root by 1554 default. &merged;</para> 1555 1556 <para role="historic">Some fixes were applied to the Kerberos IV implementation 1557 related to environment variables, a possible buffer overrun, and 1558 overwriting ticket files. &merged;</para> 1559 1560 <para role="historic">&man.telnet.1; now does a better job of sanitizing its 1561 environment. &merged;</para> 1562 1563 <para>Several vulnerabilities in &man.procfs.5; were fixed (see 1564 security advisory FreeBSD-SA-00:77). &merged;</para> 1565 1566 <para>A bug in <application>OpenSSH</application> in which a 1567 server was unable to disable &man.ssh-agent.1; or 1568 <literal>X11Forwarding</literal> was fixed (see security 1569 advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:01). &merged;</para> 1570 1571 <para>A bug in &man.ipfw.8; and &man.ip6fw.8; in which inbound TCP 1572 segments could incorrectly be treated as being part of an 1573 <literal>established</literal> connection has been fixed (see 1574 security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:08). &merged;</para> 1575 1576 <para>A bug in &man.crontab.1; that could allow users to read any 1577 file on the system in valid &man.crontab.5; syntax has been 1578 fixed (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:09). &merged;</para> 1579 1580 <para>A vulnerability in &man.inetd.8; that could allow 1581 read-access to the initial 16 bytes of 1582 <groupname>wheel</groupname>-accessible files has been fixed 1583 (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:11). &merged;</para> 1584 1585 <para>A bug in &man.periodic.8; that used insecure temporary files 1586 has been corrected (see security advisory 1587 FreeBSD-SA-01:12). &merged;</para> 1588 1589 <para><application>OpenSSH</application> now has code to prevent 1590 (instead of just mitigating through connection limits) an attack 1591 that can lead to guessing the server key (not host key) by 1592 regenerating the server key when an RSA failure is detected (see 1593 security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:24). &merged;</para> 1594 1595 <para role="historic">A number of programs have had output formatting strings 1596 corrected so as to reduce the risk of 1597 vulnerabilities. &merged;</para> 1598 1599 <para role="historic">A number of programs that use temporary files now do so more 1600 securely. &merged;</para> 1601 1602 <para role="historic">A bug in ICMP that could cause an attacker to disrupt TCP and UDP 1603 <quote>sessions</quote> has been corrected. &merged;</para> 1604 1605 <para>A bug in &man.timed.8;, which caused it to crash if send 1606 certain malformed packets, has been corrected (see security 1607 advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:28). &merged;</para> 1608 1609 <para>A bug in &man.rwhod.8;, which caused it to crash if send 1610 certain malformed packets, has been corrected (see security 1611 advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:29). &merged;</para> 1612 1613 <para>A security hole in &os;'s FFS and EXT2FS implementations, 1614 which allowed a race condition that could cause users to have 1615 unauthorized access to data, has been fixed (see security 1616 advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:30). &merged;</para> 1617 1618 <para>A remotely-exploitable vulnerability in &man.ntpd.8; has 1619 been closed (see security advisory 1620 FreeBSD-SA-01:31). &merged;</para> 1621 1622 <para>A security hole in <application>IPFilter</application>'s 1623 fragment cache has been closed (see security advisory 1624 FreeBSD-SA-01:32). &merged;</para> 1625 1626 <para>Buffer overflows in &man.glob.3;, which could cause 1627 arbitrary code to be run on an FTP server, have been closed. In 1628 addition, to prevent some forms of DOS attacks, &man.glob.3; 1629 allows specification of a limit on the number of pathname 1630 matches it will return. &man.ftpd.8; now uses this feature (see 1631 security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:33). &merged;</para> 1632 1633 <para>Initial sequence numbers in TCP are more thoroughly 1634 randomized (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:39). Due to 1635 some possible compatibility issues, the behavior of this 1636 security fix can be enabled or disabled via the 1637 <varname>net.inet.tcp.tcp_seq_genscheme</varname> sysctl 1638 variable.&merged;</para> 1639 1640 <para>A vulnerability in the &man.fts.3; routines (used by 1641 applications for recursively traversing a filesystem) could 1642 allow a program to operate on files outside the intended 1643 directory hierarchy. This bug has been fixed (see security 1644 advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:40). &merged;</para> 1645 1646 <para role="historic"><application>OpenSSH</application> now switches to the 1647 user's UID before attempting to unlink the authentication 1648 forwarding file, nullifying the effects of a race.</para> 1649 1650 <para>A flaw allowed some signal handlers to remain in effect in a 1651 child process after being exec-ed from its parent. This allowed 1652 an attacker to execute arbitrary code in the context of a setuid 1653 binary. This flaw has been corrected (see security advisory 1654 FreeBSD-SA-01:42). &merged;</para> 1655 1656 <para>A remote buffer overflow in &man.tcpdump.1; has been fixed 1657 (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:48). &merged;</para> 1658 1659 <para>A remote buffer overflow in &man.telnetd.8; has been fixed 1660 (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:49). &merged;</para> 1661 1662 <para>The new <varname>net.inet.ip.maxfragpackets</varname> and 1663 <varname>net.inet.ip6.maxfragpackets</varname> sysctl variables 1664 limit the amount of memory that can be consumed by IPv4 and IPv6 1665 packet fragments, which defends against some denial of service 1666 attacks (see security advisory 1667 FreeBSD-SA-01:52). &merged;</para> 1668 1669 <para role="historic">All services in <filename>inetd.conf</filename> are now 1670 disabled by default for new installations. &man.sysinstall.8; 1671 gives the option of enabling or disabling &man.inetd.8; on new 1672 installations, as well as editing 1673 <filename>inetd.conf</filename>. &merged;</para> 1674 1675 <para>A flaw in the implementation of the &man.ipfw.8; 1676 <literal>me</literal> rules on point-to-point links has been 1677 corrected. Formerly, <literal>me</literal> filter rules would 1678 match the remote IP address of a point-to-point interface in 1679 addition to the intended local IP address (see security advisory 1680 FreeBSD-SA-01:53). &merged;</para> 1681 1682 <para>A vulnerability in &man.procfs.5;, which could allow a 1683 process to read sensitive information from another process's 1684 memory space, has been closed (see security advisory 1685 FreeBSD-SA-01:55). &merged;</para> 1686 1687 <para>The <literal>PARANOID</literal> hostname checking in 1688 <application>tcp_wrappers</application> now works as advertised 1689 (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:56). &merged;</para> 1690 1691 <para>A local root exploit in &man.sendmail.8; has been closed 1692 (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:57). &merged;</para> 1693 1694 <para>A remote root vulnerability in &man.lpd.8; has been closed 1695 (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:58). &merged;</para> 1696 1697 <para>A race condition in &man.rmuser.8; that briefly exposed a 1698 world-readable <filename>/etc/master.passwd</filename> has been 1699 fixed (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:59). &merged;</para> 1700 1701 <para>A vulnerability in <application>UUCP</application> has been 1702 closed (see security advisory FreeBSD-SA-01:62). All 1703 non-<username>root</username>-owned binaries in standard system 1704 paths now have the <literal>schg</literal> flag set to prevent 1705 exploit vectors when run by &man.cron.8;, by 1706 <username>root</username>, or by a user other then the one owning 1707 the binary. In addition, &man.uustat.1; is now run via 1708 <filename>/etc/periodic/daily/410.status-uucp</filename> as 1709 <username>uucp</username>, not <username>root</username>. In 1710 &os; -CURRENT, <application>UUCP</application> has since been 1711 moved to the Ports Collection and no longer a part of the base 1712 system. &merged;</para> 1713 1714 <para role="historic">A security hole in the form of a buffer overflow in the 1715 &man.semop.2; system call has been closed. &merged;</para> 1716 1717 <para>A security hole in <application>OpenSSH</application>, which 1718 could allow users to execute code with arbitrary privileges if 1719 <literal>UseLogin yes</literal> was set, has been closed. Note 1720 that the default value of this setting is 1721 <literal>UseLogin no</literal>. (See security advisory 1722 FreeBSD-SA-01:63.) &merged;</para> 1723 1724 <para>The use of an insecure temporary directory by 1725 &man.pkg.add.1; could permit a local attacker to modify the 1726 contents of binary packages while they were being installed. 1727 This hole has been closed. (See security advisory 1728 FreeBSD-SA-02:01.) &merged;</para> 1729 1730 <para>A race condition in &man.pw.8;, which could expose the 1731 contents of <filename>/etc/master.passwd</filename>, has been 1732 eliminated. (See security advisory FreeBSD-SA-02:02.) 1733 &merged;</para> 1734 1735 <para>A bug in &man.k5su.8; could have allowed a process that had 1736 given up superuser privileges to regain them. This bug has been 1737 fixed. (See security advisory FreeBSD-SA-02:07.) 1738 &merged;</para> 1739 1740 <para>An <quote>off-by-one</quote> bug has been fixed in 1741 <application>OpenSSH</application>'s multiplexing code. This bug 1742 could have allowed an authenticated remote user to cause 1743 &man.sshd.8; to execute arbitrary code with superuser 1744 privileges, or allowed a malicious SSH server to execute arbitrary 1745 code on the client system with the privileges of the client user. (See security 1746 advisory <ulink 1747 url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-02:13.openssh.asc">FreeBSD-SA-02:13</ulink>.) 1748 &merged;</para> 1749 1750 <para>A programming error in <application>zlib</application> could 1751 result in attempts to free memory multiple times. The 1752 &man.malloc.3;/&man.free.3; routines used in &os; are not 1753 vulnerable to this error, but applications receiving 1754 specially-crafted blocks of invalid compressed data could 1755 be made to function incorrectly or abort. This 1756 <application>zlib</application> bug has been fixed. For a 1757 workaround and solutions, see security advisory <ulink 1758 url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-02:18.zlib.v1.2.asc">FreeBSD-SA-02:18</ulink>. 1759 &merged;</para> 1760 1761 <para>Bugs in the TCP SYN cache (<quote>syncache</quote>) and SYN 1762 cookie (<quote>syncookie</quote>) implementations, which could 1763 cause legitimate TCP/IP traffic to crash a machine, have been 1764 fixed. For a workaround and patches, see security advisory 1765 <ulink 1766 url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-02:20.syncache.asc">FreeBSD-SA-02:20</ulink>. 1767 &merged;</para> 1768 1769 <para>A routing table memory leak, which could allow a remote 1770 attacker to exhaust the memory of a target machine, has been 1771 fixed. A workaround and patches can be found in security 1772 advisory <ulink 1773 url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-02:21.tcpip.asc">FreeBSD-SA-02:21</ulink>. 1774 &merged;</para> 1775 1776 <para>A bug with memory-mapped I/O, which could cause a system 1777 crash, has been fixed. For more information about a solution, 1778 see security advisory <ulink 1779 url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-02:22.mmap.asc">FreeBSD-SA-02:22</ulink>. 1780 &merged;</para> 1781 1782 <para>A security hole, in which SUID programs could be made to 1783 read from or write to inappropriate files through manipulation 1784 of their standard I/O file descriptors, has been fixed. 1785 Information regarding a solution can be found in security 1786 advisory <ulink 1787 url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-02:23.stdio.asc">FreeBSD-SA-02:23</ulink>. 1788 &merged;</para> 1789 1790 <para>Some unexpected behavior could be allowed with &man.k5su.8; 1791 because it does not require that an invoking user be a member of 1792 the <groupname>wheel</groupname> group when attempting to become 1793 the superuser (this is the case with &man.su.1;). To avoid this 1794 situation, &man.k5su.8; is now installed non-SUID by default 1795 (effectively disabling it). More information can be found in 1796 security advisory <ulink 1797 url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-02:24.k5su.asc">FreeBSD-SA-02:24</ulink>. 1798 &merged;</para> 1799 1800 <para>Multiple vulnerabilities were found in the &man.bzip2.1; 1801 utility, which could allow files to be overwritten without 1802 warning or allow local users unintended access to files. These 1803 problems have been corrected with a new import of 1804 <application>bzip2</application>. For more information, see 1805 security advisory <ulink 1806 url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-02:25.bzip2.asc">FreeBSD-SA-02:25</ulink>. 1807 &merged;</para> 1808 1809 <para>A bug has been fixed in the implementation of the TCP SYN 1810 cache (<quote>syncache</quote>), which could allow a remote 1811 attacker to deny access to a service when accept filters 1812 (see &man.accept.filter.9;) were in use. This bug has been 1813 fixed; for more information, see security advisory <ulink 1814 url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-02:26.accept.asc">FreeBSD-SA-02:26</ulink>. 1815 &merged;</para> 1816 1817 <para>Due to a bug in &man.rc.8;'s use of shell globbing, users 1818 may be able to remove the contents of arbitrary files if 1819 <filename>/tmp/.X11-unix</filename> does not exist and the 1820 system can be made to reboot. This bug has been corrected (see 1821 security advisory <ulink 1822 url="ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/CERT/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-02:27.rc.asc">FreeBSD-SA-02:27</ulink>). 1823 &merged;</para> 1824 1825 </sect2> 1826 1827 <sect2 id="userland"> 1828 <title>Userland Changes</title> 1829 1830 <para role="historic">If the first argument to &man.ancontrol.8; or 1831 &man.wicontrol.8; doesn't start with a <literal>-</literal>, it 1832 is assumed to be an interface. &merged;</para> 1833 1834 <para role="historic">&man.apmd.8; now has the ability to monitor battery levels 1835 and execute commands based on percentage or minutes of battery 1836 life remaining via the <literal>apm_battery</literal> 1837 configuration directive. See the commented-out examples in 1838 <filename>/etc/apmd.conf</filename> for the 1839 syntax. &merged;</para> 1840 1841 <para role="historic">&man.arp.8; now prints the applicable interface name for 1842 each ARP entry. &merged;</para> 1843 1844 <para>&man.arp.8; now prints <literal>[fddi]</literal> or 1845 <literal>[atm]</literal> tags for addresses on interfaces of 1846 those types.</para> 1847 1848 <para>The &man.asa.1; utility, to interpret FORTRAN 1849 carriage-control characters, has been added.</para> 1850 1851 <para>&man.at.1; now supports the <option>-r</option> command-line 1852 option to remove jobs and the <option>-t</option> option to 1853 specify times in POSIX time format.</para> 1854 1855 <para role="historic">&man.atacontrol.8; has been added to control various aspects 1856 of the &man.ata.4; driver. &merged;</para> 1857 1858 <para>The system &man.awk.1; now refers to 1859 <application>BWK awk</application>. <application>GNU 1860 awk</application> is now available as &man.gawk.1;.</para> 1861 1862 <para arch="pc98" role="historic">&man.boot98cfg.8;, a PC-98 boot manager 1863 installation and configuration utility, has been 1864 added. &merged;</para> 1865 1866 <para role="historic">&man.burncd.8; now supports a <option>-m</option> option for 1867 multisession mode (the default behavior now is to close disks as 1868 single-session). A <option>-l</option> option to take a list of 1869 image files from a filename was also added; 1870 <filename>-</filename> can be used as a filename for 1871 <literal>stdin</literal>. &merged;</para> 1872 1873 <para>&man.burncd.8; now supports Disk At Once (DAO) mode, 1874 selectable via the <option>-d</option> flag.</para> 1875 1876 <para>&man.burncd.8; now has the ability to write VCDs/SVCDs.</para> 1877 1878 <para role="historic">&man.c89.1; has been converted from a shell script to a 1879 binary executable, fixing some minor bugs. &merged;</para> 1880 1881 <para arch="i386,pc98" role="historic">A minimalized version of &man.camcontrol.8; is 1882 now available on the installation floppy. This allows it to 1883 rescan for devices that have been connected after booting, or to 1884 show the devices attached to SCSI busses (e. g. from within the 1885 <quote>emergency holographic shell</quote>). &merged;</para> 1886 1887 <para role="historic">&man.cat.1; now has the ability to read from UNIX-domain 1888 sockets. &merged;</para> 1889 1890 <para>&man.catman.1; is now a C program, instead of a 1891 Perl script.</para> 1892 1893 <para role="historic">&man.cdcontrol.1; now supports a <literal>cdid</literal> 1894 command, which calculates and displays the CD serial number, 1895 using the same algorithm used by the CDDB 1896 database. &merged;</para> 1897 1898 <para role="historic">&man.cdcontrol.1; now uses the <envar>CDROM</envar> 1899 environment variable to pick a default device. &merged;</para> 1900 1901 <para role="historic">&man.cdcontrol.1; now supports <literal>next</literal> and 1902 <literal>prev</literal> commands to skip forwards or backwards a 1903 specified number of tracks while playing an audio 1904 CD. &merged;</para> 1905 1906 <para>On ATAPI CDROM drives, &man.cdcontrol.1; now supports a 1907 <literal>speed</literal> command to set the maximum speed to be 1908 used by the drive. &merged;</para> 1909 1910 <para>&man.chflags.1; has moved from <filename>/usr/bin</filename> 1911 to <filename>/bin</filename>.</para> 1912 1913 <para role="historic">&man.chio.1; now has the ability to specify elements by 1914 volume tag instead of by their physical location as well as the 1915 ability to return an element to its previous 1916 location. &merged;</para> 1917 1918 <para>&man.chmod.1; now supports a <option>-h</option> for 1919 changing the mode of a symbolic link.</para> 1920 1921 <para role="historic">&man.chown.8; now correctly follows symbolic links named as 1922 command line arguments if run without 1923 <option>-R</option>. &merged;</para> 1924 1925 <para>&man.chown.8; no longer takes <literal>.</literal> as a 1926 user/group delimeter. This change was made to support usernames 1927 containing a <literal>.</literal>.</para> 1928 1929 <para>Use of the <literal>CSMG_*</literal> macros no longer 1930 require inclusion of 1931 <filename><sys/param.h></filename></para> 1932 1933 <para role="historic">&man.col.1; now takes a <option>-p</option> flag to force 1934 unknown control sequences to be passed through 1935 unchanged. &merged;</para> 1936 1937 <para role="historic">The <filename>compat3x</filename> distribution has been 1938 updated to include libraries present in &os; 1939 3.5.1-RELEASE. &merged;</para> 1940 1941 <para>A <filename>compat4x</filename> distribution has been added 1942 for compatibility with &os; 4-STABLE.</para> 1943 1944 <para role="historic">&man.config.8; is now better about converting various 1945 warnings that should have been errors into actual fatal errors 1946 with an exit code. This ensures that <literal>make 1947 buildkernel</literal> doesn't quietly ignore them and build a 1948 bogus kernel without a human to read the errors. &merged;</para> 1949 1950 <para role="historic">A number of buffer overflows in &man.config.8; have been 1951 fixed. &merged;</para> 1952 1953 <para>A new &man.csplit.1; utility, which splits files based on 1954 context, has been added.</para> 1955 1956 <para role="historic">&man.ctags.1; no longer creates a corrupt tags file if the 1957 source file used <literal>//</literal> (C++-style) 1958 comments. &merged;</para> 1959 1960 <para>The &man.daemon.8; program, a command-line interface to 1961 &man.daemon.3;, has been added. It detaches itself from its 1962 controlling terminal and executes a program specified on the 1963 command line. This allows the user to run an arbitrary program 1964 as if it were written to be a daemon.</para> 1965 1966 <para>&man.devinfo.8;, a simple tool to print the device tree and resource 1967 usage by devices, has been added.</para> 1968 1969 <para role="historic">&man.df.1; now takes a <option>-l</option> option to only 1970 display information about locally-mounted 1971 filesystems. &merged;</para> 1972 1973 <para role="historic">&man.disklabel.8; now supports partition sizes expressed in 1974 kilobytes, megabytes, or gigabytes, in addition to 1975 sectors. &merged;</para> 1976 1977 <para>diskpart(8) has been declared obsolete, and has been 1978 removed.</para> 1979 1980 <para role="historic">&man.dmesg.8; now has a <option>-a</option> option to show 1981 the entire message buffer, including &man.syslogd.8; records and 1982 <filename>/dev/console</filename> output. &merged;</para> 1983 1984 <para role="historic">&man.du.1; now takes a <option>-I</option> command-line flag 1985 to ignore/skip files and subdirectories matching a specified 1986 shell-glob mask. &merged;</para> 1987 1988 <para role="historic">&man.dump.8; now supports inheritance of the 1989 <literal>nodump</literal> flag down a hierarchy. &merged;</para> 1990 1991 <para role="historic">The <option>-T</option> option to &man.dump.8; no longer 1992 swallows an extra argument. &merged;</para> 1993 1994 <para role="historic">&man.dump.8; has a new <option>-D</option> option, allowing 1995 the path to the <filename>/etc/dumpdates</filename> file to be 1996 changed. &merged;</para> 1997 1998 <para role="historic">&man.dump.8; now supplies progress information in its 1999 process title, useful for monitoring automated 2000 backups. &merged;</para> 2001 2002 <para>&man.dump.8; now supports a new <option>-S</option> flag to allow 2003 it to just print out the dump size estimates and exit.</para> 2004 2005 <para role="historic">&man.edquota.8; now takes a <option>-f</option> option to 2006 allow limiting the prototype quota distribution (specified with 2007 <option>-p</option>) to a single filesystem. &merged;</para> 2008 2009 <para role="historic"><filename>/etc/rc.firewall</filename> and 2010 <filename>/etc/rc.firewall6</filename> will no longer add their own 2011 hardcoded rules in the cases of a rules file in the 2012 <varname>firewall_type</varname> variable or a non-existent 2013 firewall type. (The motivation for this change is to avoid 2014 acting on assumptions about a site's firewall policies.) In 2015 addition, the <literal>closed</literal> firewall type now works 2016 as documented in the &man.rc.firewall.8; manual page. &merged;</para> 2017 2018 <para role="historic">The functionality of <filename>/etc/security</filename> has 2019 been been moved into a set of scripts under the &man.periodic.8; 2020 framework, to make local customization easier and more 2021 maintainable. These scripts now reside in 2022 <filename>/etc/periodic/security/</filename>. &merged;</para> 2023 2024 <para>&man.expr.1; is now compliant with the POSIX Utility Syntax 2025 Guidelines. Some programs depend on the old, historic behavior 2026 (the <filename role="package">devel/libtool</filename> 2027 port/package was/is a notable example). In these situations, 2028 the <envar>EXPR_COMPAT</envar> environment variable can be 2029 defined, which causes &man.expr.1; to behave more like previous 2030 versions.</para> 2031 2032 <para>&man.fbtab.5; now accepts glob matching patterns for target 2033 devices, not just individual devices and directories.</para> 2034 2035 <para arch="i386">&man.fdisk.8; no longer attempts to search for a 2036 device if none has been specified on the command line, but 2037 instead tries to figure out the default device name from the 2038 root device.</para> 2039 2040 <para>&man.fdread.1;, a program to read data from floppy disks, 2041 has been added. It is a counterpart to &man.fdwrite.1; and is 2042 designed to provide a means of recovering at least some data 2043 from bad media, and to obviate for a complex invocation of 2044 &man.dd.1;.</para> 2045 2046 <para role="historic">&man.find.1; now takes the <option>-empty</option> flag, 2047 which returns true if a file or directory is 2048 empty. &merged;</para> 2049 2050 <para role="historic">&man.find.1; now takes the <option>-iname</option> and 2051 <option>-ipath</option> primaries for case-insensitive matches, 2052 and the <option>-regexp</option> and <option>-iregexp</option> 2053 primaries for regular-expression matches. The 2054 <option>-E</option> flag now enables extended regular 2055 expressions. &merged;</para> 2056 2057 <para role="historic">&man.find.1; now has the <option>-anewer</option>, 2058 <option>-cnewer</option>, <option>-mnewer</option>, 2059 <option>-okdir</option>, and <option>-newer[acm][acmt]</option> 2060 primaries for comparisons of file timestamps. The latter 2061 primaries can be specified with various units of 2062 time. &merged;</para> 2063 2064 <para role="historic">&man.finger.1; now has the ability to support fingering 2065 aliases, via the &man.finger.conf.5; file. &merged;</para> 2066 2067 <para>&man.finger.1; now has support for a 2068 <filename>.pubkey</filename> file.</para> 2069 2070 <para role="historic">&man.fmt.1; has been rewritten; the rewrite fixes a number 2071 of bugs compared to its prior behavior. &merged;</para> 2072 2073 <para role="historic">&man.fmtcheck.3;, a function for checking consistency of 2074 format string arguments, has been added. &merged;</para> 2075 2076 <para>&man.fold.1; now supports a <option>-b</option> flag to 2077 break at byte positions and a <option>-s</option> flag to break at 2078 word boundaries.</para> 2079 2080 <para role="historic">&man.fsdb.8; now supports a <literal>blocks</literal> 2081 command to list the blocks allocated by a particular 2082 inode. &merged;</para> 2083 2084 <para>&man.fsck.8; wrappers have been imported; this feature 2085 provides infrastructure for &man.fsck.8; to work on different 2086 types of filesystems (analogous to &man.mount.8;).</para> 2087 2088 <para>The behavior of &man.fsck.8; when dealing with various 2089 passes (a la <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>) has been modified 2090 to accommodate multiple-disk filesystems.</para> 2091 2092 <para>&man.fsck.8; now has support for foreground 2093 (<option>-F</option>) and background (<option>-B</option>) 2094 checks. Traditionally, &man.fsck.8; is invoked before the 2095 filesystems are mounted and all checks are done to completion at 2096 that time. If background checking is available, &man.fsck.8; is 2097 invoked twice. It is first invoked at the traditional time, 2098 before the filesystems are mounted, with the <option>-F</option> 2099 flag to do checking on all the filesystems that cannot do 2100 background checking. It is then invoked a second time, after 2101 the system has completed going multiuser, with the 2102 <option>-B</option> flag to do checking on all the filesystems 2103 that can do background checking. Unlike the foreground 2104 checking, the background checking is started asynchronously so 2105 that other system activity can proceed even on the filesystems 2106 that are being checked. Boot-time enabling of this feature is 2107 controlled by the 2108 <varname>background_fsck</varname> option in &man.rc.conf.5;.</para> 2109 2110 <para role="historic">Shortly after the receipt of a <literal>SIGINFO</literal> 2111 signal (normally control-T from the controlling tty), 2112 &man.fsck.ffs.8; will now output a line indicating the current 2113 phase number and progress information relevant to the current 2114 phase. &merged;</para> 2115 2116 <para>&man.fsck.ffs.8; now supports background filesystem checks 2117 to mounted FFS filesystems with the <option>-B</option> option 2118 (softupdates must be enabled on these filesystems). The 2119 <option>-F</option> flag now determines whether a specified 2120 filesystem needs foreground checking.</para> 2121 2122 <para role="historic">A new &man.fsck.msdosfs.8; utility has been added to check 2123 the consistency of MS-DOS filesystems. &merged;</para> 2124 2125 <para role="historic">&man.ftpd.8; now supports a <option>-r</option> flag for 2126 read-only mode and a <option>-E</option> flag to disable 2127 <literal>EPSV</literal>. It also has some fixes to reduce 2128 information leakage and the ability to specify compile-time port 2129 ranges. &merged;</para> 2130 2131 <para>&man.ftpd.8; now supports <option>-o</option> and 2132 <option>-O</option> options to disable the 2133 <literal>RETR</literal> command; the former for everybody, and 2134 the latter only for guest users. Coupled with 2135 <option>-A</option> and appropriate file permissions, these can 2136 be used to create a relatively safe anonymous FTP drop box for 2137 others to upload to.</para> 2138 2139 <para arch="i386,pc98" role="historic">&man.gdb.1; now supports hardware 2140 watchpoints (using the kernel's debug register + support that 2141 has been introduced in &os; 4.0). &merged;</para> 2142 2143 <para role="historic">The &man.getprogname.3; and &man.setprogname.3; library 2144 functions have been added to manipulate the name of the current 2145 program. They are used by error-reporting routines to produce 2146 consistent output. &merged;</para> 2147 2148 <para>&man.gprof.1; now has a <option>-K</option> option to enable 2149 dynamic symbol resolution from the currently-running kernel. 2150 With this change, properly-compiled KLD modules are now able to 2151 be profiled.</para> 2152 2153 <para role="historic">&man.growfs.8;, a utility for growing FFS filesystems, has 2154 been added. &man.ffsinfo.8;, a utility for dump all the 2155 meta-information of an existing filesystem, has also been 2156 added. &merged;</para> 2157 2158 <para role="historic">The &man.groups.1; and &man.whoami.1; shell scripts are now 2159 unnecessary; their functionality has been completely folded into 2160 &man.id.1;. &merged;</para> 2161 2162 <para>The ibcs(8), linux(8), osf1(8), and 2163 svr4(8) scripts, whose sole purpose was to load emulation 2164 kernel modules, have been removed. The kernel module system 2165 will automatically load them as needed to fulfill 2166 dependencies.</para> 2167 2168 <para role="historic">&man.indent.1; has gained some new formatting 2169 options. &merged;</para> 2170 2171 <para role="historic">&man.ifconfig.8; can set the link-layer address of 2172 an interface using the <option>link</option> parameter. 2173 &merged;</para> 2174 2175 <para role="historic">&man.ifconfig.8; can now accept addresses in slash/CIDR 2176 notation. &merged;</para> 2177 2178 <para role="historic">&man.ifconfig.8; now has support for setting parameters for 2179 IEEE 802.11 wireless network devices. &man.wi.4; and &man.an.4; 2180 devices are supported, and partial support is provided for 2181 &man.awi.4; devices. &merged;</para> 2182 2183 <para role="historic">&man.ifconfig.8; no longer displays the list of supported 2184 media by default. Instead it displays it when the 2185 <option>-m</option> flag is given. &merged;</para> 2186 2187 <para role="historic">The syntax of &man.inetd.8;'s support for &man.faithd.8; is 2188 now compatible with that of other BSDs. &merged;</para> 2189 2190 <para role="historic">The <literal>ident</literal> protocol support in 2191 &man.inetd.8; has been cleaned up and updated. &merged;</para> 2192 2193 <para role="historic">&man.inetd.8; now has the ability to manage UNIX-domain 2194 sockets. &merged;</para> 2195 2196 <para>By default, &man.inetd.8; is no longer run by &man.rc.8; at 2197 boot-time, although &man.sysinstall.8; gives the option of 2198 enabling it during binary installations. &man.inetd.8; can also 2199 be enabled by adding the following line to 2200 <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>:</para> 2201 2202 <programlisting>inetd_enable="YES"</programlisting> 2203 2204 <para role="historic">&man.install.1; has a number of new features, including the 2205 <option>-b</option> and <option>-B</option> options for backing up 2206 existing target files and the <option>-S</option> option for 2207 <quote>safe</quote> (atomic copy) operation. The 2208 <option>-c</option> (copy) flag is now the default, and the 2209 <option>-D</option> (debugging) flag has been withdrawn. 2210 &man.install.1; now issues a warning if <option>-d</option> 2211 (create directories) and <option>-C</option> (copy changed files 2212 only) are used together. &merged;</para> 2213 2214 <para role="historic">IP Filter is now supported by the &man.rc.conf.5; boot-time 2215 configuration and initialization. &merged;</para> 2216 2217 <para role="historic">&man.ipfstat.8; now supports the <option>-t</option> option 2218 to turn on a &man.top.1;-like display. &merged;</para> 2219 2220 <para role="historic">&man.ipfw.8; will now avoid the display of dynamic firewall 2221 rules unless the <option>-d</option> flag is passed to it. The 2222 <option>-e</option> option lists expired dynamic 2223 rules. &merged;</para> 2224 2225 <para role="historic">&man.ipfw.8; has a new feature (<literal>me</literal>) that 2226 allows for packet matching on interfaces with 2227 dynamically-changing IP addresses. &merged;</para> 2228 2229 <para role="historic">&man.ipfw.8; has a new <literal>limit</literal> type of 2230 firewall rule, which limits the number of sessions between 2231 address pairs. &merged;</para> 2232 2233 <para>&man.ipfw.8; filter rules can now match on the value of the 2234 IPv4 precedence field.</para> 2235 2236 <para role="historic">&man.ip6fw.8; now has the ability to use a preprocessor and 2237 use the <option>-q</option> (quiet) flag when reading from a 2238 file. &merged;</para> 2239 2240 <para role="historic">&man.ispppcontrol.8; has been deleted, and its functionality 2241 has been folded into &man.spppcontrol.8;. &merged;</para> 2242 2243 <para role="historic">&man.k5su.8; is no longer installed SUID 2244 <username>root</username> by default. Users requiring this 2245 feature can either manually change the permissions on the 2246 &man.k5su.8; executable or add 2247 <literal>ENABLE_SUID_K5SU=yes</literal> to 2248 <filename>/etc/make.conf</filename> before a source 2249 upgrade. &merged;</para> 2250 2251 <para role="historic">&man.kenv.1;, a command to dump the kernel environment, has 2252 been added. &merged;</para> 2253 2254 <para>&man.kenv.1; now has the ability to set or delete kernel 2255 environment variables.</para> 2256 2257 <para role="historic">&man.keyinfo.1; is now a C program, rather than a Perl 2258 script. &merged;</para> 2259 2260 <para>The kget(8) utility has been removed (it was only 2261 useful for UserConfig, which is not present in &os; 2262 &release.current;).</para> 2263 2264 <para role="historic">&man.killall.1; is now a C program, rather than a Perl 2265 script. As a result, its <option>-m</option> option now uses 2266 the regular expression syntax of &man.regex.3;, rather than that 2267 of Perl. &merged;</para> 2268 2269 <para>&man.killall.1; no longer tries to kill zombie processes 2270 unless the <option>-z</option> flag is specified.</para> 2271 2272 <para role="historic">The &man.kldconfig.8; utility has been added to make it 2273 easier to manipulate the kernel module search 2274 path. &merged;</para> 2275 2276 <para>ktrdump, a utility to dump the ktr trace buffer from 2277 userland, has been added.</para> 2278 2279 <para role="historic">&man.last.1; now implements a <option>-d</option> that 2280 provides a <quote>snapshot</quote> of who was logged in at a 2281 particular date and time. &merged;</para> 2282 2283 <para role="historic">&man.last.1; now supports a <option>-y</option> flag, which 2284 causes the year to be included in the session start time. &merged;</para> 2285 2286 <para role="historic">The &man.lastlogin.8; utility, which prints the last login 2287 time of each user, has been imported from 2288 NetBSD. &merged;</para> 2289 2290 <para role="historic">&man.ldconfig.8; now checks directory ownerships and 2291 permissions for greater security; these checks can be disabled 2292 with the <option>-i</option> flag. &merged;</para> 2293 2294 <para role="historic">&man.ldd.1; can now be used on shared libraries, in addition 2295 to executables. &merged;</para> 2296 2297 <para>&man.ldd.1; now supports a <option>-a</option> flag to list 2298 all the objects that are needed by each loaded object.</para> 2299 2300 <para><filename>libc</filename> is now thread-safe by default; 2301 <filename>libc_r</filename> contains only thread 2302 functions.</para> 2303 2304 <para role="historic"><filename>libcrypt</filename> and 2305 <filename>libdescrypt</filename> have been unified to provide a 2306 configurable password authentication hash library. Both the md5 2307 and des hash methods are provided unless the des hash is 2308 specifically compiled out. &merged;</para> 2309 2310 <para role="historic"><filename>libcrypt</filename> now has support for Blowfish 2311 password hashing. &merged;</para> 2312 2313 <para arch="i386" role="historic"><filename>libdisk</filename> can now do 2314 install-time configuration of the <filename>boot0</filename> 2315 boot loader. &merged;</para> 2316 2317 <para role="historic"><filename>libstand</filename> now has support for 2318 filesystems containing 2319 <application>bzip2</application>-compressed 2320 files. &merged;</para> 2321 2322 <para><filename>libstand</filename> now has support for 2323 overwriting the contents of a file on a UFS filesystem (it 2324 cannot expand or truncate files because the filesystem may be 2325 dirty or inconsistent).</para> 2326 2327 <para role="historic"><filename>libstand</filename> now has support for loading 2328 large kernels and modules split across several physical 2329 media. &merged;</para> 2330 2331 <para role="historic">The default TCP port range used by 2332 <filename>libfetch</filename> for passive FTP retrievals has 2333 changed; this affects the behavior of &man.fetch.1;, which has 2334 gained the <option>-U</option> option to restore the old 2335 behavior. &merged;</para> 2336 2337 <para role="historic"><filename>libfetch</filename> now has support for an 2338 authentication callback. &merged;</para> 2339 2340 <para role="historic"><filename>libfetch</filename> now has support for a 2341 <envar>HTTP_USER_AGENT</envar> environment 2342 variable. &merged;</para> 2343 2344 <para><filename>libgmp</filename> has been superceded by 2345 <filename>libmp</filename>. 2346 2347 <para>The functions from <filename>libposix1e</filename> have been 2348 integrated into <filename>libc</filename>.</para> 2349 2350 <para role="historic"><filename>libusb</filename> has been renamed as 2351 <filename>libusbhid</filename>, following NetBSD's naming 2352 conventions. &merged;</para> 2353 2354 <para role="historic">&man.ln.1; now takes an <option>-i</option> option to 2355 request user confirmation before overwriting an existing 2356 file. &merged;</para> 2357 2358 <para role="historic">&man.ln.1; now takes a <option>-h</option> flag to avoid 2359 following a target that is a link, with a <option>-n</option> 2360 flag for compatibility with other 2361 implementations. &merged;</para> 2362 2363 <para role="historic">&man.logger.1; can now send messages directly to a remote 2364 syslog. &merged;</para> 2365 2366 <para role="historic">&man.login.1; now exports environment variables set by 2367 <application>PAM</application> modules. &merged;</para> 2368 2369 <para role="historic">&man.lpc.8; has been improved; <command>lpc clean</command> 2370 is now somewhat safer, and a new <command>lpc tclean</command> 2371 command has been added to check to see what files would be 2372 removed by <command>lpc clean</command>. &merged;</para> 2373 2374 <para role="historic">&man.lpd.8; now takes two new options: <option>-c</option> 2375 will log all connection errors to &man.syslogd.8;, while 2376 <option>-W</option> will allow connections from non-reserved 2377 ports. &merged;</para> 2378 2379 <para role="historic">&man.lpd.8; now has some support for 2380 <literal>o</literal>-type print-file actions in its control 2381 files, which allows printing of PostScript files generated by 2382 <application>MacOS</application> 10.1. &merged;</para> 2383 2384 <para role="historic">&man.lpd.8; now recognizes the <option>-s</option> flag as 2385 the preferred synonym for <option>-p</option> (these flags 2386 cause &man.lpd.8; not to open a socket for network print 2387 jobs). &merged;</para> 2388 2389 <para role="historic">&man.lpd.8; now implements a new <literal>rc</literal> 2390 printcap option. When specified in a print queue for a remote 2391 host, boolean option causes &man.lpd.8; to resend the data file 2392 for each copy the user requested via <command>lpr 2393 -#<replaceable>n</replaceable></command>. &merged;</para> 2394 2395 <para role="historic">Catching up with most other network utilities in the base 2396 system, &man.lpr.1;, &man.lpd.8;, &man.syslogd.8;, and 2397 &man.logger.1; are now all IPv6-capable. &merged;</para> 2398 2399 <para role="historic"><command>lprm -</command> now works for remote printer 2400 queues. &merged;</para> 2401 2402 <para role="historic">&man.ls.1; can produce colorized listings with the 2403 <option>-G</option> flag (and appropriate terminal support). 2404 The <envar>CLICOLOR</envar> environment variable can be set to 2405 enable colorized listings by default. &merged;</para> 2406 2407 <para role="historic">&man.ls.1; now accepts a <option>-h</option> flag, which 2408 when combined with the <option>-l</option> flag, causes file 2409 sizes to be printed with unit suffixes, such that the number of 2410 digits printed is fewer than four. &merged;</para> 2411 2412 <para>The &man.ls.1; program now supports a <option>-m</option> 2413 flag to list files across a page, a <option>-p</option> flag to 2414 force printing of a <literal>/</literal> after directories, and 2415 a <option>-x</option> flag to sort filenames across a 2416 page.</para> 2417 2418 <para role="historic">&man.m4.1; now accepts a <option>-s</option> flag to cause 2419 it to emit <literal>#line</literal> directives for use by 2420 &man.cpp.1;. &merged;</para> 2421 2422 <para role="historic">&man.mail.1; now takes a <option>-E</option> flag to avoid 2423 sending messages with empty bodies. &merged;</para> 2424 2425 <para role="historic">&man.make.1; has gained the <literal>:C///</literal> 2426 (regular expression substitution), <literal>:L</literal> 2427 (lowercase), and <literal>:U</literal> (uppercase) variable 2428 modifiers. These were added to reduce the differences between 2429 the &os; and OpenBSD/NetBSD &man.make.1; programs. 2430 &merged;</para> 2431 2432 <para role="historic">Bugs in &man.make.1;, among which include broken null suffix 2433 behavior, bad assumptions about current directory permissions, 2434 and potential buffer overflows, have been fixed. &merged;</para> 2435 2436 <para role="historic">The new <varname>CPUTYPE</varname> 2437 <filename>make.conf</filename> variable controls the compilation 2438 of processor-specific optimizations in various pieces of code 2439 such as <application>OpenSSL</application>. &merged;</para> 2440 2441 <para role="historic">The &os; <filename>Makefile</filename> infrastructure now 2442 supports the <varname>WARNS</varname> directive from NetBSD. 2443 This directive controls the addition of compiler warning flags 2444 to <varname>CFLAGS</varname> in a relatively compiler-neutral 2445 manner. &merged;</para> 2446 2447 <para>&man.makewhatis.1; is now a C program, instead of a 2448 Perl script.</para> 2449 2450 <para>&man.man.1; is no longer installed SUID 2451 <username>man</username>, in order to reduce vulnerabilities 2452 associated with generating <quote>catpages</quote> (preformatted 2453 manual pages cached for repeated viewing). As a result, 2454 &man.man.1; can no longer create system catpages on a regular 2455 user's behalf. It is still able to do so if the user has write 2456 permissions to the directory holding catpages (e.g. a user's own 2457 manpages) or if the running user is 2458 <username>root</username>.</para> 2459 2460 <para>The &man.mdmfs.8; command has been added; it is a wrapper 2461 around &man.mdconfig.8;, &man.disklabel.8;, &man.newfs.8;, and 2462 &man.mount.8; that mimics the command line option set of the 2463 deprecated &man.mount.mfs.8;.</para> 2464 2465 <para role="historic">&man.mergemaster.8; now sources an 2466 <filename>/etc/mergemaster.rc</filename> file and also prompts 2467 the user to run recommended commands (such as 2468 <command>newaliases</command>) as needed. &merged;</para> 2469 2470 <para role="historic">&man.mergemaster.8; now supports two new flags. 2471 The <option>-p</option> flag enables a 2472 <quote>pre-<literal>buildworld</literal></quote> mode to files 2473 known to be essential to the success of the 2474 <literal>buildworld</literal> and 2475 <literal>installworld</literal> system updating steps. The 2476 <option>-C</option> flag, used after a successful 2477 &man.mergemaster.8; run, compares options in 2478 <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> to the default options in 2479 <filename>/etc/defaults/rc.conf</filename>. &merged;</para> 2480 2481 <para role="historic">mk_cmds(1) and the associated 2482 <filename>libss</filename> have been removed; they have been 2483 unused for quite some time. &merged;</para> 2484 2485 <para role="historic">&man.moused.8; now takes a <option>-a</option> option to 2486 control mouse acceleration. &merged;</para> 2487 2488 <para role="historic">&man.mtree.8; now includes support for a file that lists 2489 pathnames to be excluded when creating and verifying prototypes. 2490 This makes it easier to use &man.mtree.8; as a part of an 2491 intrusion-detection system. &merged;</para> 2492 2493 <para>&man.mv.1; now takes a (nonstandard) <option>-n</option> to 2494 automatically answer <quote>no</quote> when it would ask to 2495 overwrite a file.</para> 2496 2497 <para role="historic">&man.natd.8; now supports a 2498 <option>-log_ipfw_denied</option> option to log packets that 2499 cannot be re-injected because they are blocked by &man.ipfw.8; 2500 rules. &merged;</para> 2501 2502 <para role="historic">The <quote>in use</quote> percentage metric displayed by 2503 &man.netstat.1; now really reflects the percentage of network 2504 mbufs used. &merged;</para> 2505 2506 <para role="historic">&man.netstat.1; now has a <option>-W</option> flag that 2507 tells it not to truncate addresses, even if they're too long for 2508 the column they're printed in. &merged;</para> 2509 2510 <para role="historic">&man.netstat.1; now keeps track of input and output packets 2511 on a per-address basis for each interface. &merged;</para> 2512 2513 <para role="historic">&man.netstat.1; now has a <option>-z</option> flag to reset 2514 statistics. &merged;</para> 2515 2516 <para role="historic">&man.netstat.1; now has a <option>-S</option> flag to print 2517 address numerically but port names symbolically. &merged;</para> 2518 2519 <para role="historic">&man.newfs.8; now implements write combining, which can make 2520 creation of new filesystems up to seven times 2521 faster. &merged;</para> 2522 2523 <para role="historic">&man.newfs.8; now takes a <option>-U</option> option to 2524 enable softupdates on a new filesystem. &merged;</para> 2525 2526 <para role="historic">The default number of cylinders per group in &man.newfs.8; 2527 is now computed to be the maximum allowable given the current 2528 filesystem parameters. It can be overridden with the 2529 <option>-c</option> option. Formerly, the default was fixed at 2530 16. This change leads to better &man.fsck.8; performance and 2531 reduced fragmentation. &merged;</para> 2532 2533 <para role="historic"><anchor id="newfs-block-frag-sizes">The default block and 2534 fragment sizes for new filesystems created by &man.newfs.8; are 2535 now 16384 and 2048 bytes, respectively (the old defaults were 2536 8192 and 1024 bytes). This change generally provides increased 2537 performance, at the expense of some wasted disk 2538 space. &merged;</para> 2539 2540 <para>A number of archaic features of &man.newfs.8; have been 2541 removed; these implement tuning features that are essentially 2542 useless on modern hard disks. These features were controlled by 2543 the <option>-O</option>, <option>-d</option>, 2544 <option>-k</option>, <option>-l</option>, <option>-n</option>, 2545 <option>-p</option>, <option>-r</option>, <option>-t</option>, 2546 and <option>-x</option> flags.</para> 2547 2548 <para role="historic">&man.newsyslog.8; now has the ability to compress log files 2549 using &man.bzip2.1;. &merged;</para> 2550 2551 <para><application>NFS</application> now works over IPv6.</para> 2552 2553 <para role="historic">&man.ngctl.8; now supports a <option>write</option> command 2554 to send a data packet down a given hook. &merged;</para> 2555 2556 <para role="historic">&man.nl.1;, a line numbering filter program, has been 2557 added. &merged;</para> 2558 2559 <para><application>nsswitch</application> support has been merged 2560 from NetBSD. By creating an &man.nsswitch.conf.5; file, &os; 2561 can be configured so that various databases such as 2562 &man.passwd.5; and &man.group.5; can be looked up using flat 2563 files, NIS, or Hesiod. The old 2564 <filename>hosts.conf</filename> file is no longer used.</para> 2565 2566 <para><application>PAM</application> support has been added for 2567 account management and sessions.</para> 2568 2569 <para><application>PAM</application> configuration is now 2570 specified by files in <filename>/etc/pam.d/</filename>, rather 2571 than a single <filename>/etc/pam.conf</filename> file. 2572 <filename>/etc/pam.d/README</filename> has more details.</para> 2573 2574 <para>A &man.pam.ftp.8; module has been added to allow 2575 authentication of anonymous FTP users.</para> 2576 2577 <para>A &man.pam.ftpusers.8; module has been added to perform 2578 checks against the &man.ftpusers.5; file.</para> 2579 2580 <para>A &man.pam.lastlog.8; module has been added to record 2581 sessions in the &man.utmp.5;, &man.wtmp.5;, and &man.lastlog.5; 2582 databases.</para> 2583 2584 <para>A &man.pam.login.access.8; module has been added, to allow 2585 checking against <filename>/etc/login.access</filename>.</para> 2586 2587 <para>The &man.pam.nologin.8; module, which can disallow logins 2588 using &man.nologin.5;, has been added.</para> 2589 2590 <para>The &man.pam.opie.8; and &man.pam.opieaccess.8; modules have 2591 been added to control authentication via &man.opie.4;.</para> 2592 2593 <para>A &man.pam.passwdqc.8; module has been added, to check the 2594 quality of passwords submitted during password changes.</para> 2595 2596 <para>A &man.pam.rhosts.8; module has been added to support 2597 &man.rhosts.5; authentication.</para> 2598 2599 <para>The &man.pam.rootok.8; module, which can be used to 2600 authenticate only the superuser, has been added.</para> 2601 2602 <para>A &man.pam.securetty.8; module has been added to check the 2603 <quote>security</quote> of a TTY, as listed in &man.ttys.5;.</para> 2604 2605 <para>A &man.pam.self.8; module, which allows self-authentication 2606 of a user, has been added.</para> 2607 2608 <para role="historic">A &man.pam.ssh.8; module has been added to allow the use of 2609 SSH passphrases and keypairs for authentication. This module 2610 also handles session management by invoking 2611 &man.ssh-agent.1;. &merged;</para> 2612 2613 <para>A &man.pam.wheel.8; module has been added to permit 2614 authentication to members of a group, which defaults to 2615 <groupname>wheel</groupname>.</para> 2616 2617 <para role="historic">&man.passwd.1; and &man.pw.8; now select the password hash 2618 algorithm at run time. See the <literal>passwd_format</literal> 2619 attribute in 2620 <filename>/etc/login.conf</filename>. &merged;</para> 2621 2622 <para role="historic">&man.patch.1; now accepts a <option>-i</option> command-line 2623 flag to read a patch from a file, rather than standard 2624 input. &merged;</para> 2625 2626 <para>The &man.pathchk.1; utility, which checks pathnames for 2627 validity or portability between POSIX systems, has been 2628 added.</para> 2629 2630 <para role="historic">&man.pax.1; has received a number of enhancements, including 2631 &man.cpio.1; functionality, &man.tar.1; compatibility 2632 enhancements, <option>-z</option> and <option>-Z</option> flags 2633 for &man.gzip.1; and &man.compress.1; functionality, and a 2634 number of bug fixes. &merged;</para> 2635 2636 <para role="historic">&man.pciconf.8; now supports a <option>-v</option> option to 2637 display the vendor/device information of configured devices, in 2638 conjunction with the <option>-l</option> option. The default 2639 vendor/device database can be found at 2640 <filename>/usr/share/misc/pci_vendors</filename>. &merged;</para> 2641 2642 <para role="historic">The behavior of &man.periodic.8; is now controlled by 2643 <filename>/etc/defaults/periodic.conf</filename> and 2644 <filename>/etc/periodic.conf</filename>. &merged;</para> 2645 2646 <para role="historic">&man.ping.8; now supports a <option>-m</option> option to 2647 set the TTL of outgoing packets. &merged;</para> 2648 2649 <para role="historic">&man.ping.8; now supports a <option>-A</option> option to 2650 beep when packets are lost. &merged;</para> 2651 2652 <para role="historic">Userland &man.ppp.8; has received a number of updates and 2653 bug fixes. &merged;</para> 2654 2655 <para role="historic">&man.ppp.8; has gained the <literal>tcpmssfixup</literal> 2656 option, which adjusts outgoing and incoming TCP SYN packets so 2657 that the maximum receive segment size is no larger than allowed 2658 by the interface MTU. &merged;</para> 2659 2660 <para role="historic">&man.ppp.8; now supports IPv6. &merged;</para> 2661 2662 <para role="historic">&man.pppd.8; (the control program for kernel-level PPP) is 2663 now installed mode <literal>4550</literal> and 2664 <username>root</username><literal>:</literal><groupname>dialer</groupname>, 2665 rather than mode <literal>4555</literal> (in other words, it is 2666 no longer world-executable). Users of &man.pppd.8; may need to 2667 change their group settings. &merged;</para> 2668 2669 <para role="historic">&man.pr.1; now supports the <option>-f</option> and 2670 <option>-p</option> flags to pause output going to a 2671 terminal. &merged;</para> 2672 2673 <para role="historic">The <option>-W</option> option to &man.ps.1; (to extract 2674 information from a specified swap device) has been useless for 2675 some time; it has been removed. &merged;</para> 2676 2677 <para role="historic">&man.pwd.1; can now double as &man.realpath.1;, a program to 2678 resolve pathnames to their underlying physical 2679 paths. &merged;</para> 2680 2681 <para>&man.pwd.1; now supports the <option>-L</option> flag to 2682 print the logical current working directory.</para> 2683 2684 <para>The pseudo-random number generator implemented by 2685 &man.rand.3; has been improved to provide less biased 2686 results.</para> 2687 2688 <para role="historic">&man.rc.8; now has an framework for handling dependencies 2689 between &man.rc.conf.5; variables. &merged;</para> 2690 2691 <para role="historic">&man.rc.8; now deletes all non-directory files in 2692 <filename>/var/run</filename> and 2693 <filename>/var/spool/lock</filename> at boot 2694 time. &merged;</para> 2695 2696 <para>&man.rcmd.3; now supports the use of the 2697 <envar>RSH</envar> environment variable to specify a program to 2698 use other than &man.rsh.1; for remote execution. As a result, 2699 programs such as &man.dump.8;, can use &man.ssh.1; for remote 2700 transport.</para> 2701 2702 <para>&man.rdist.1; has been retired from the base system, but is 2703 still available from &os; Ports Collection as 2704 <filename role="package">net/44bsd-rdist</filename>.</para> 2705 2706 <para role="historic">&man.reboot.8; now takes a <option>-k</option> to specify 2707 the next kernel to boot. &merged;</para> 2708 2709 <para>The &man.renice.8; command implements a <option>-n</option> 2710 option, which specifies an increment to be applied to the 2711 priority of a process.</para> 2712 2713 <para role="historic">The &man.resolver.3; in &os; now implements EDNS0 support, 2714 which will be necessary when working with IPv6 transport-ready 2715 resolvers/DNS servers. &merged;</para> 2716 2717 <para role="historic">The &man.rfork.thread.3; library call has been added as a 2718 helper function to &man.rfork.2;. Using this function should 2719 avoid the need to implement complex stack swap 2720 code. &merged;</para> 2721 2722 <para>The <option>-v</option> option to &man.rm.1; now displays 2723 the entire pathname of a file being removed.</para> 2724 2725 <para role="historic">&man.route.8; is now more verbose when changing indirect 2726 routes, in the case of a gateway route that is the same route as 2727 the one being modified. &merged;</para> 2728 2729 <para role="historic">&man.route.8; now uses 2730 <literal><replaceable>host</replaceable>/<replaceable>bits</replaceable></literal> 2731 syntax instead of 2732 <literal><replaceable>net</replaceable>/<replaceable>bits</replaceable></literal> 2733 syntax, for compatibility with &man.netstat.1;. &merged;</para> 2734 2735 <para role="historic">&man.route.8; can now create <quote>proxy only</quote> 2736 published ARP entries. &merged;</para> 2737 2738 <para role="historic">The &man.route.8; <option>add</option> command now supports 2739 the <option>-ifp</option> and <option>-ifa</option> 2740 modifiers. &merged;</para> 2741 2742 <para>&man.rpcbind.8; has replaced &man.portmap.8;.</para> 2743 2744 <para>&man.rpcgen.1; now uses <filename>/usr/bin/cpp</filename> 2745 (as on NetBSD), not 2746 <filename>/usr/libexec/cpp</filename>.</para> 2747 2748 <para>&man.rpc.lockd.8; has been imported from NetBSD. This 2749 daemon provides support for servicing client NFS locks.</para> 2750 2751 <para role="historic">The performance of the ELF dynamic linker &man.rtld.1; has 2752 been improved. &merged;</para> 2753 2754 <para role="historic">RSA Security has waived all patent rights to the 2755 <application>RSA</application> algorithm. As a result, the 2756 native <application>OpenSSL</application> implementation of the 2757 RSA algorithm is now activated by default, and the <filename 2758 role="package">security/rsaref</filename> port and the 2759 <filename>librsaUSA</filename> and 2760 <filename>librsaINTL</filename> libraries are no longer required 2761 for USA and non-USA residents respectively. &merged;</para> 2762 2763 <para>&man.rtld.1; will now print the names of all objects that 2764 cause each object to be loaded, if the 2765 <varname>LD_TRACE_LOADED_OBJECTS_ALL</varname> environment 2766 variable is defined.</para> 2767 2768 <para role="historic">&man.savecore.8; now supports a <option>-k</option> option 2769 to prevent clearing a crash dump after saving it. It also 2770 attempts to avoid writing large stretches of zeros to crash dump 2771 files to save space and time. &merged;</para> 2772 2773 <para role="historic">&man.savecore.8; now works correctly on machines with 2 GB 2774 or more of RAM. &merged;</para> 2775 2776 <para>The &man.sccs.1; front-end to the Source Code Control System 2777 has been revived.</para> 2778 2779 <para role="historic">&man.sed.1; now takes a <option>-E</option> option for 2780 extended regular expression support. &merged;</para> 2781 2782 <para>&man.sed.1; now takes a <option>-i</option> option to enable 2783 in-place editing of files.</para> 2784 2785 <para role="historic">&man.send-pr.1; now takes a <option>-a</option> option to 2786 include a file into the <literal>Fix:</literal> section of a 2787 problem report. &merged;</para> 2788 2789 <para>The &man.setfacl.1; and &man.getfacl.1; commands have been 2790 added to manage filesystem Access Control Lists.</para> 2791 2792 <para role="historic">&man.setproctitle.3; has been moved from 2793 <filename>libutil</filename> to 2794 <filename>libc</filename>. &merged;</para> 2795 2796 <para role="historic">&man.sh.1; now implements <command>test</command> as a 2797 built-in command for improved efficiency. &merged;</para> 2798 2799 <para>&man.sh.1; no longer implements <command>printf</command> as 2800 a built-in command because it was considered less valuable 2801 compared to the other built-in commands (this functionality is, 2802 of course, still available through the &man.printf.1; 2803 executable).</para> 2804 2805 <para>&man.sh.1; now supports a <option>-C</option> option to 2806 prevent existing regular files from being overwritten by output 2807 redirection, and a <option>-u</option> to give an error if an 2808 unset variable is expanded.</para> 2809 2810 <para role="historic">&man.sockstat.1; now has <option>-c</option> and 2811 <option>-l</option> flags for listing connected and listening 2812 sockets, respectively. &merged;</para> 2813 2814 <para>&man.spkrtest.8; is now a &man.sh.1; script, rather than a 2815 Perl script.</para> 2816 2817 <para role="historic">&man.split.1; now has the ability to split a file longer 2818 than 2GB. &merged;</para> 2819 2820 <para>&man.split.1; now supports a <option>-a</option> option to 2821 specify the number of letters to use for the suffix of split 2822 files.</para> 2823 2824 <para>In preparation for meeting SUSv2/POSIX 2825 <filename><sys/select.h></filename> requirements, 2826 <literal>struct selinfo</literal> and related functions have been 2827 moved to <filename><sys/selinfo.h></filename>.</para> 2828 2829 <para role="historic">The &man.strnstr.3; and &man.strcasestr.3; variants of 2830 &man.strstr.3; have been implemented. &merged;</para> 2831 2832 <para role="historic">&man.stty.1; now has support for an 2833 <literal>erase2</literal> control character, so that, for 2834 example, both the <keycap>Delete</keycap> and 2835 <keycap>Backspace</keycap> keys can be used to erase 2836 characters. &merged;</para> 2837 2838 <para>&man.su.1; now uses <application>PAM</application> for 2839 authentication.</para> 2840 2841 <para role="historic">Boot-time &man.syscons.4; configuration was moved to a 2842 machine-independent 2843 <filename>/etc/rc.syscons</filename>. &merged;</para> 2844 2845 <para role="historic">&man.sysctl.8; now supports a <option>-N</option> option to 2846 print out variable names only. &merged;</para> 2847 2848 <para role="historic">&man.sysctl.8; has replaced the <option>-A</option> and 2849 <option>-X</option> options with <option>-ao</option> and 2850 <option>-ax</option> respectively; the former options are now 2851 deprecated. The <option>-w</option> option is deprecated as 2852 well; it is not needed to determine the user's 2853 intentions. &merged;</para> 2854 2855 <para role="historic">&man.sysctl.8; now supports a <option>-e</option> option to 2856 separate variable names and values by <literal>=</literal> 2857 rather than <literal>:</literal>. This feature is useful for 2858 producing output that can be fed back to 2859 &man.sysctl.8;. &merged;</para> 2860 2861 <para>&man.sysctl.8; now accepts a <option>-d</option> flag to print 2862 the descriptions of variables.</para> 2863 2864 <para role="historic">&man.sysinstall.8; now properly preserves 2865 <filename>/etc/mail</filename> during a binary 2866 upgrade. &merged;</para> 2867 2868 <para role="historic">&man.sysinstall.8; now uses some more intuitive defaults 2869 thanks to some new dialog support functions. &merged;</para> 2870 2871 <para>The default root partition in &man.sysinstall.8; is now 2872 100MB on the i386 and pc98, 120MB on the Alpha.</para> 2873 2874 <para>&man.sysinstall.8; now lives in 2875 <filename>/usr/sbin</filename>, which simplifies the 2876 installation process. The &man.sysinstall.8; manpage is also 2877 installed in a more consistent fashion now.</para> 2878 2879 <para role="historic">&man.sysinstall.8; now has the ability to load KLDs as a 2880 part of the installation. &merged;</para> 2881 2882 <para role="historic">When run from the installation media, &man.sysinstall.8; 2883 will automatically load any device drivers found in the 2884 <filename>/stand/modules</filename> directory of the 2885 <literal>mfsroot</literal> floppy or filesystem image. Note 2886 that any drivers so loaded will not appear in the kernel's boot 2887 messages; the &man.sysinstall.8; debugging screen will provide 2888 additional information. &merged;</para> 2889 2890 <para role="historic">&man.sysinstall.8; now enables Soft Updates by default on 2891 all filesystems it creates, except for the root 2892 filesystem. &merged;</para> 2893 2894 <para role="historic">&man.sysinstall.8; has received updates for its 2895 <quote>auto</quote> partitioning mode which provide more 2896 reasonable defaults for the sizes of partitions that are 2897 created; auto-sized partitions can now also recover the space 2898 that becomes available when other partitions are 2899 deleted. &merged;</para> 2900 2901 <para>&man.sysinstall.8; no longer mounts the &man.procfs.5; 2902 filesystem by default on new installs.</para> 2903 2904 <para role="historic">&man.sysinstall.8; now has rudimentary support for 2905 retrieving packages from the correct volume of a multiple-volume 2906 installation (such as a multi-CD distribution). &merged;</para> 2907 2908 <para role="historic">&man.syslogd.8; can take a <option>-n</option> option to 2909 disable DNS queries for every request. &merged;</para> 2910 2911 <para role="historic">&man.syslogd.8; now supports a 2912 <literal>LOG_CONSOLE</literal> facility (disabled by default), 2913 which can be used to log <filename>/dev/console</filename> 2914 output. &merged;</para> 2915 2916 <para role="historic">&man.syslogd.8; now has the ability to bind to a specific 2917 address (as opposed to using every available one) via the 2918 <option>-b</option> option. &merged;</para> 2919 2920 <para role="historic">&man.syslogd.8; now accepts a <option>-c</option> flag to 2921 disable repeated line compression. &merged;</para> 2922 2923 <para>&man.tabs.1;, a utility to set terminal tab stops, has been 2924 added.</para> 2925 2926 <para role="historic">&man.tail.1; now has the ability to work on files longer 2927 than 2GB. &merged;</para> 2928 2929 <para role="historic">&man.tar.1; now supports the <varname>TAR_RSH</varname> 2930 variable, principally to enable the use of &man.ssh.1; as a 2931 transport. &merged;</para> 2932 2933 <para role="historic">&man.telnet.1; now does autologin and encryption by default; 2934 a new <option>-y</option> option turns off encryption. &merged;</para> 2935 2936 <para role="historic">&man.telnet.1; now supports a <option>-u</option> flag to 2937 allow connections to UNIX-domain (<literal>AF_UNIX</literal>) 2938 sockets. &merged;</para> 2939 2940 <para role="historic">&man.tftp.1; and &man.tftpd.8; now support IPv6. &merged;</para> 2941 2942 <para role="historic">&man.tftpd.8; now takes the <option>-c</option> and 2943 <option>-C</option> options, which allow the server to 2944 &man.chroot.2; based on the IP address of the connecting client. 2945 &man.tftp.1; and &man.tftpd.8; can now transfer files larger 2946 than 65535 blocks. &merged;</para> 2947 2948 <para>&man.tftpd.8; now supports RFC 2349 (TFTP Timeout Interval 2949 and Transfer Size Options); this feature is required by some 2950 firmware like EFI boot managers (at least on HP i2000 Itanium 2951 servers) in order to boot an image using 2952 <application>TFTP</application>.</para> 2953 2954 <para arch="alpha">&man.timed.8; now works on the alpha.</para> 2955 2956 <para>A version of Transport Independent RPC 2957 (<application>TI-RPC</application>) has been imported.</para> 2958 2959 <para role="historic">&man.tmpnam.3; will now use the <envar>TMPDIR</envar> 2960 environment variable, if set, to specify the location of 2961 temporary files. &merged;</para> 2962 2963 <para>&man.tip.1; has been updated from 2964 <application>OpenBSD</application>, and has the ability to act 2965 as a &man.cu.1; substitute.</para> 2966 2967 <para>&man.top.1; will now use the full width of its tty.</para> 2968 2969 <para>&man.touch.1; now takes a <option>-h</option> option to 2970 operate on a symbolic link, rather than what the link points 2971 to.</para> 2972 2973 <para role="historic">The &man.truncate.1; utility, which truncates or extends the 2974 length of files, has been added. &merged;</para> 2975 2976 <para role="historic">Ukrainian language support has been added to the &os; 2977 console. &merged;</para> 2978 2979 <para><application>UUCP</application> has been removed from the 2980 base system. It can be found in the Ports Collection, in 2981 <filename role="package">net/freebsd-uucp</filename>.</para> 2982 2983 <para>&man.unexpand.1; now supports a <option>-t</option> to 2984 specify tabstabs analogous to &man.expand.1;.</para> 2985 2986 <para role="historic">&man.units.1; has received some updates and 2987 bugfixes. &merged;</para> 2988 2989 <para>&man.usbdevs.8; now supports a <option>-d</option> flag to 2990 show the device driver associated with each device.</para> 2991 2992 <para role="historic">The &man.usbhidctl.1; utility has been added to manipulate 2993 USB Human Interface Devices. &merged;</para> 2994 2995 <para role="historic">&man.uuencode.1; and &man.uudecode.1; now accept a <option>-o</option> option to 2996 set their output files. &man.uuencode.1; can now be made to do base64 encoding 2997 when given the <option>-m</option> flag, while &man.uudecode.1; 2998 can now automatically decode base64 files. &merged;</para> 2999 3000 <para>The base64 capabilities of &man.uuencode.1; and 3001 &man.uudecode.1; can now be automatically enabled by invoking 3002 these utilities as &man.b64encode.1; and &man.b64decode.1; 3003 respectively.</para> 3004 3005 <para role="historic">&man.vidcontrol.1; now accepts a <option>-g</option> 3006 parameter to select custom text geometry in the 3007 <literal>VESA_800x600</literal> raster text mode. &merged;</para> 3008 3009 <para role="historic">&man.vidcontrol.1; now allows the user to omit the font size 3010 specification when loading a font, and has some better 3011 error-handling. &merged;</para> 3012 3013 <para role="historic">&man.vidcontrol.1; now supports a <option>-p</option> option 3014 to take a snapshot of a &man.syscons.4; video buffer. These 3015 snapshots can be manipulated by the 3016 <filename role="package">graphics/scr2png</filename> utility in 3017 the Ports Collection. &merged;</para> 3018 3019 <para role="historic">&man.vidcontrol.1; now supports a <option>-C</option> option 3020 to clear the history buffer for a given tty, as well as a 3021 <option>-h</option> option to set the size of the history 3022 buffer. &merged;</para> 3023 3024 <para>The default stripe size in &man.vinum.8; has been changed 3025 from 256KB to 279KB, to spread out superblocks more evenly 3026 between stripes.</para> 3027 3028 <para role="historic">&man.wall.1; now supports a <option>-g</option> flag to 3029 write a message to all users of a given group. &merged;</para> 3030 3031 <para role="historic">&man.watch.8; now takes a <option>-f</option> option to 3032 specify a &man.snp.4; device to use. &merged;</para> 3033 3034 <para>&man.which.1; is now a C program, rather than a Perl 3035 script.</para> 3036 3037 <para>&man.who.1; now has a number of new options: 3038 <option>-H</option> shows column headings; <option>-T</option> 3039 shows &man.mesg.1; state; <option>-m</option> is an equivalent 3040 to <option>am i</option>; <option>-u</option> shows idle time; 3041 <option>-q</option> to list names in columns.</para> 3042 3043 <para role="historic">&man.whois.1; now directs queries for IP addresses to ARIN. 3044 If a query to ARIN references APNIC or RIPE, the appropriate 3045 server will also be queried, provided that the 3046 <option>-Q</option> option is not specified. &merged;</para> 3047 3048 <para role="historic">&man.whois.1; supports a <option>-c</option> option to 3049 specify a country code to help direct queries towards a 3050 particular whois server. &merged;</para> 3051 3052 <para>&man.xargs.1; now supports a <option>-I</option> 3053 <replaceable>replstr</replaceable> option that allows the user 3054 to tell &man.xargs.1; to insert the data read from standard 3055 input at specific points in the command line arguments rather 3056 than at the end. (A &os;-specific <option>-J</option> option is 3057 similar, but is now deprecated in favor of the more portable 3058 <option>-I</option> option.)</para> 3059 3060 <para>&man.xargs.1; now supports a <option>-L</option> option to 3061 force its utility argument to be called after some number of 3062 lines.</para> 3063 3064 <para role="historic">The compiler chain now uses the FSF-supplied C/C++ runtime 3065 initialization code. This change brings about better 3066 compatibility with code generated from the various egcs and gcc 3067 ports, as well as the stock public FSF source. &merged;</para> 3068 3069 <para role="historic">The threads library has gained some signal handling changes, 3070 bug fixes, and performance enhancements (including zero system 3071 call thread switching). &man.gdb.1; thread support has been 3072 updated to match these changes. &merged;</para> 3073 3074 <para role="historic">Significant additions have been made to internationalization 3075 support; &os; now has complete locale support for the 3076 <literal>LC_MONETARY</literal>, <literal>LC_NUMERIC</literal>, 3077 and <literal>LC_MESSAGES</literal> categories. A number of 3078 applications have been updated to take advantage of this 3079 support. &merged;</para> 3080 3081 <para role="historic">Locale names have been changed to improve compatibility with 3082 the names used by X11R6, as well as a number of other UNIX 3083 versions. As an example, the 3084 <literal>en_US.ISO_8859-1</literal> locale name has been changed 3085 to 3086 <literal>en_US.ISO8859-1</literal>. Entries in 3087 <filename>/etc/locale.alias</filename> provide backward 3088 compatibility. &merged;</para> 3089 3090 <para role="historic"><filename>/usr/src/share/examples/BSD_daemon/</filename> now 3091 contains a scalable Beastie graphic. &merged;</para> 3092 3093 <para role="historic">As part of an ongoing process, many manual pages were 3094 improved, both in terms of their formatting markup and in their 3095 content. &merged;</para> 3096 3097 <para>A number of utilities and libraries were enhanced to improve 3098 their conformance with the Single UNIX Specification (SUSv3) and 3099 IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 (<quote>POSIX.1</quote>). Specific 3100 features added have been listed in the release notes for each 3101 utility. The standards conformance of each utility or library 3102 function is generally listed in its manual page.</para> 3103 3104 <sect3> 3105 <title>Contributed Software</title> 3106 3107 <para><application>am-utils</application> has been updated to 3108 6.0.7.</para> 3109 3110 <para>A 10 February 2002 snapshot of <application>awk</application> from Bell Labs (variously 3111 known as <quote>BWK awk</quote> or <quote>The One True 3112 AWK</quote>) has been imported. It is available as 3113 <command>awk</command> or 3114 <command>nawk</command>.</para> 3115 3116 <para role="historic"><application>bc</application> has been updated from 1.04 to 3117 1.06. &merged;</para> 3118 3119 <para role="historic">The ISC library from the <application>BIND</application> 3120 distribution is now built as 3121 <filename>libisc</filename>. &merged;</para> 3122 3123 <para role="historic"><application>BIND</application> is now built with the 3124 <literal>NOADDITIONAL</literal> flag, which causes 3125 &man.named.8; to operate in a more consistent fashion for 3126 certain common misconfigurations. &merged;</para> 3127 3128 <para role="historic"><application>BIND</application> has been updated to 3129 8.3.2-T1B. &merged;</para> 3130 3131 <para><application>Binutils</application> has been updated to 3132 2.12.0.</para> 3133 3134 <para role="historic"><application>bzip2</application> 1.0.2 has been imported; 3135 this brings the &man.bzip2.1; program and the 3136 <filename>libbz2</filename> library to the base 3137 system. &merged;</para> 3138 3139 <para role="historic">The &man.ee.1; <application>Easy Editor</application> has 3140 been updated to 1.4.2. &merged;</para> 3141 3142 <para><application>file</application> has been updated to 3143 3.37.</para> 3144 3145 <para><application>gcc</application> has been updated to 3146 a snapshot of <application>gcc</application> 3.1. 3147 <warning> 3148 <para>The integration of <application>gcc</application> is 3149 very new. Some applications and programs in the base 3150 system require fixes or compiler flags to build 3151 correctly. Work to address these problems is ongoing.</para> 3152 </warning> 3153 </para> 3154 3155 <para role="historic">&man.gcc.1; now uses a unified <filename>libgcc</filename> 3156 rather than a separate one for threaded and non-threaded 3157 programs. <filename>/usr/lib/libgcc_r.a</filename> can be 3158 removed. &merged;</para> 3159 3160 <para role="historic">&man.gcc.1; now supports the environment variable 3161 <envar>GCC_OPTIONS</envar>, which can hold a set of default 3162 options for <application>GCC</application>. &merged;</para> 3163 3164 <para role="historic"><application>GNATS</application> has been updated to 3165 3.113. &merged;</para> 3166 3167 <para><application>GNU awk</application> has been updated to 3168 3.1.0. It is now available as <command>gawk</command>.</para> 3169 3170 <para><application>gperf</application> has been updated to 3171 2.7.2.</para> 3172 3173 <para role="historic"><application>groff</application> and its related utilities 3174 have been updated to FSF version 1.17.2. This import brings 3175 in a new &man.mdoc.7; macro package (sometimes referred to as 3176 <literal>mdocNG</literal>), which removes many of the 3177 limitations of its predecessor. &merged;</para> 3178 3179 <para role="historic"><application>Heimdal Kerberos</application> has been updated to 3180 0.4e. &merged;</para> 3181 3182 <para role="historic">The version of <application>IPFilter</application> 3183 provided with &os; now includes the &man.ipfs.8; program, 3184 which allows state information created for NAT entries and 3185 stateful rules to be saved to disk and restored after a 3186 reboot. Boot-time configuration of these features is 3187 supported by &man.rc.conf.5;. &merged;</para> 3188 3189 <para role="historic">The <application>ISC DHCP</application> client has been 3190 updated to 3.0.1RC8. &merged;</para> 3191 3192 <para role="historic"><application>Kerberos IV</application> has been updated to 3193 1.0.5. &merged;</para> 3194 3195 <para>The &man.more.1; command has been replaced by 3196 &man.less.1;, although it can still be run as 3197 <command>more</command>. &merged; Version 371 of 3198 <application>less</application> has been imported.</para> 3199 3200 <para role="historic"><application>libpcap</application> has been updated to 3201 0.6.2. &merged;</para> 3202 3203 <para><application>libreadline</application> has been updated to 3204 4.2.</para> 3205 3206 <para><application>libz</application> has been updated to 3207 1.1.4.</para> 3208 3209 <para><application>lint</application> has been updated to 3210 snapshot of NetBSD &man.lint.1; as of 3 March 2002.</para> 3211 3212 <para><application>lukemftp</application> (the FTP client from 3213 NetBSD) has replaced the &os; &man.ftp.1; program. Among its 3214 new features are more automation methods, better standards 3215 compliance, transfer rate throttling, and a customizable 3216 command-line prompt. Some environment variables and 3217 command-line arguments have changed.</para> 3218 3219 <para>The FTP daemon from NetBSD, otherwise known as 3220 <application>lukemftpd</application>, has been imported and is 3221 available as &man.lukemftpd.8;.</para> 3222 3223 <para>&man.m4.1; has been imported from OpenBSD, as of 26 April 3224 2002.</para> 3225 3226 <para><application>ncurses</application> has been updated to 3227 5.2-20020518.</para> 3228 3229 <para role="historic">The <application>NTP</application> suite of programs has 3230 been updated to 4.1.0. &merged;</para> 3231 3232 <para><application>OpenPAM</application> 3233 (<quote>Cinnamon</quote> release) has been imported, 3234 replacing 3235 <application>Linux-PAM</application>.</para> 3236 3237 <para>The <application>OPIE</application> one-time-password 3238 suite has been updated to 2.4. It has completely 3239 replaced the functionality of 3240 <application>S/Key</application>.</para> 3241 3242 <para><application>Perl</application> has been removed from the 3243 &os; base system. It can still be installed from the &os; 3244 Ports Collection or as a binary package; moving it out of the 3245 base system will make future upgrades and maintenence easier. 3246 To reduce the dependence of the base system on 3247 Perl, many utilities have been 3248 rewritten as shell scripts or C programs (specific notes are 3249 made for each affected utility). 3250 <filename>/usr/bin/perl</filename> is now a 3251 <quote>wrapper</quote> program, so that programs expecting to 3252 find a Perl interpreter there will 3253 be able to function correctly. 3254 3255 <warning> 3256 <para>The Perl removal and 3257 package integration work is ongoing.</para> 3258 </warning> 3259 3260 </para> 3261 3262 <para><application>GNU ptx</application> has been removed from 3263 the base system. It is not used anywhere in the base system, 3264 and has not been recently updated or maintained. Users 3265 requiring its functionality can install this utility as a part 3266 of the <filename role="package">textproc/textutils</filename> 3267 port.</para> 3268 3269 <para role="historic">&man.routed.8; has been updated to version 3270 2.22. &merged;</para> 3271 3272 <para arch="i386,pc98">Version 1.4.4 of the 3273 <application>smbfs</application> userland utilities have been 3274 imported.</para> 3275 3276 <para><application>GNU sort</application> has been updated to 3277 the version from <application>GNU textutils 3278 2.0.21</application>.</para> 3279 3280 <para>&man.stat.1; from <application>NetBSD</application>, as of 3281 5 June 2002 has, been imported.</para> 3282 3283 <para><application>GNU tar</application> has been updated to 3284 1.13.25.</para> 3285 3286 <para role="historic"><application>tcpdump</application> has been updated to 3287 3.6.3. &merged;</para> 3288 3289 <para role="historic">The &man.csh.1; shell has been replaced by &man.tcsh.1;, 3290 although it can still be run as <command>csh</command>. 3291 <application>tcsh</application> has been updated to version 3292 6.11. &merged;</para> 3293 3294 <para>The contributed version of 3295 <application>tcp_wrappers</application> now includes the 3296 &man.tcpd.8; helper daemon. While not strictly necessary in a 3297 standard &os; installation (because &man.inetd.8; already 3298 incorporates this functionality), this may be useful for 3299 &man.inetd.8; replacements such as 3300 <application>xinetd</application>.</para> 3301 3302 <para role="historic"><application>texinfo</application> has been updated to 3303 4.1. &merged;</para> 3304 3305 <para><application>top</application> has been updated to version 3306 3.5b12.</para> 3307 3308 <para role="historic">&man.traceroute.8; now takes its default maximum TTL value 3309 from the <varname>net.inet.ip.ttl</varname> sysctl 3310 variable. &merged;</para> 3311 3312 <para role="historic">The timezone database has been updated to the 3313 <filename>tzdata2002c</filename> release. &merged;</para> 3314 3315 <sect4> 3316 <title>CVS</title> 3317 3318 <para role="historic"><application>cvs</application> has been updated to 3319 1.11.1p1. &merged;</para> 3320 3321 <para role="historic">The default value for &man.cvs.1;'s 3322 <envar>CVS_RSH</envar> variable is now 3323 <literal>ssh</literal>, rather than 3324 <literal>rsh</literal>. &merged;</para> 3325 3326 <para role="historic">&man.cvs.1; now supports a <option>-T</option> option to 3327 update a sandbox's <filename>CVS/Template</filename> file 3328 from the repository. &merged;</para> 3329 3330 <para role="historic">&man.cvs.1; <literal>diff</literal> now supports the 3331 <option>-j</option> option to perform differences against a 3332 revision relative to a branch tag. &merged;</para> 3333 </sect4> 3334 3335 <sect4> 3336 <title>CVSup</title> 3337 3338 <para role="historic"><application>CVSup</application>, a frequently used 3339 utility in the &os; Ports Collection, was formerly 3340 installable using several ports and packages. The 3341 <filename role="package">net/cvsup-bin</filename> and 3342 <filename role="package">net/cvsupd-bin</filename> 3343 ports/packages are no longer necessary or available; the 3344 <filename role="package">net/cvsup</filename> port should be 3345 used instead. &merged;</para> 3346 3347 <para role="historic"><application>CVSup</application> has been updated to 3348 16.1_3, which is available in the &os; Ports Collection as 3349 <filename role="package">net/cvsup</filename>. This update 3350 fixes a long-standing (but only recently encountered) bug 3351 which affects the timestamps on all files after Sun Sep 9 3352 01:46:40 UTC 2001 (1,000,000,000 seconds after the UNIX 3353 epoch). &merged;</para> 3354 </sect4> 3355 3356 <sect4 id="kame-userland"> 3357 <title>KAME</title> 3358 3359 <para role="historic">The IPv6 stack is now based on a snapshot based on the 3360 KAME Project's IPv6 snapshot as of 28 May, 2001. Most of 3361 the items listed in this section are a result of this 3362 import. 3363 <xref linkend="kame-kernel"> lists kernel updates to the 3364 KAME IPv6 stack. &merged;</para> 3365 3366 <para role="historic">&man.faithd.8; now supports a configuration file for 3367 access control. &merged;</para> 3368 3369 <para role="historic">&man.ifconfig.8; can now perform the functions of 3370 &man.gifconfig.8;. &merged;</para> 3371 3372 <para role="historic">&man.ifconfig.8; can now perform the functions of 3373 &man.prefix.8;. &man.prefix.8; is now a shell script for 3374 partial backwards compatibility. &merged;</para> 3375 3376 <para role="historic">&man.ndp.8; now implements garbage collection for stale 3377 NDP entries, as described in RFC 2461 (Neighbor Discovery 3378 for IP Version 6 (IPv6)). &merged;</para> 3379 3380 <para role="historic">pim6dd(8) and pim6sd(8) have been removed due 3381 to restrictive licensing conditions. These programs are 3382 available in the ports collection as 3383 <filename role="package">net/pim6dd</filename> and 3384 <filename role="package">net/pim6sd</filename>. &merged;</para> 3385 3386 <para role="historic">&man.route6d.8; now supports an <option>-n</option> flag 3387 to avoid updating the kernel forwarding 3388 table. &merged;</para> 3389 3390 <para role="historic">The <option>-R</option> (router renumbering) option to 3391 &man.rtadvd.8; is currently ignored. &merged;</para> 3392 </sect4> 3393 3394 <sect4> 3395 <title>OpenSSH</title> 3396 3397 <para role="historic"><application>OpenSSH</application> has been updated to 3398 2.9, which provides support for the SSH2 protocol (now the 3399 default) and DSA keys. &man.ssh-add.1; and 3400 &man.ssh-agent.1; can now handle DSA keys, with support for 3401 authentication forwarding. 3402 <application>OpenSSH</application> users in the USA no 3403 longer need to rely on the restrictively-licensed RSAREF 3404 toolkit which is required to handle RSA keys. Among other 3405 new features: A client and server for &man.sftp.1; has been added. 3406 &man.scp.1; can now handle files larger than 2 GBytes. A 3407 limit on the number of outstanding, unauthenticated 3408 connections in &man.sshd.8; has been added. Support has 3409 been added for the Rijndael encryption algorithm. Rekeying 3410 of existing sessions is now supported, and an experimental 3411 <application>SOCKS4</application> proxy has been added to 3412 &man.ssh.1;. &merged;</para> 3413 3414 <para><application>OpenSSH</application> has been updated to 3415 version 3.1. Among the changes: 3416 <itemizedlist> 3417 <listitem> 3418 <para>The <filename>*2</filename> files are obsolete 3419 (for example, 3420 <filename>~/.ssh/known_hosts</filename> can hold the 3421 contents of 3422 <filename>~/.ssh/known_hosts2</filename>).</para> 3423 </listitem> 3424 <listitem> 3425 <para>&man.ssh-keygen.1; can import and export keys using 3426 the SECSH Public Key File Format, for key exchange 3427 with several commercial SSH implementations.</para> 3428 </listitem> 3429 <listitem> 3430 <para>&man.ssh-add.1; now adds all three default keys.</para> 3431 </listitem> 3432 <listitem> 3433 <para>&man.ssh-keygen.1; no longer defaults to a 3434 specific key type; one must be specified with the 3435 <option>-t</option> option.</para> 3436 </listitem> 3437 </itemizedlist> 3438 </para> 3439 3440 <para><application>OpenSSH</application> can now authenticate 3441 using <application>OPIE</application> passwords.</para> 3442 3443 <para><application>PAM</application> support for 3444 <application>OpenSSH</application> has been added.</para> 3445 3446 <para>A long-standing bug in 3447 <application>OpenSSH</application>, which sometimes resulted 3448 in a dropped session when an X11-forwarded client was 3449 closed, was fixed.</para> 3450 3451 <para role="historic"><application>Kerberos</application> compatibility has 3452 been added to 3453 <application>OpenSSH</application>. &merged;</para> 3454 3455 <para role="historic"><application>OpenSSH</application> has been modified to 3456 be more resistant to traffic analysis by requiring that 3457 <quote>non-echoed</quote> characters are still echoed back 3458 in a null packet, as well as by padding passwords sent so as 3459 not to hint at password lengths. &merged;</para> 3460 3461 <para role="historic">&man.sshd.8; is now enabled by default on new 3462 installs. &merged;</para> 3463 3464 <para role="historic">&man.sshd.8; <literal>X11Forwarding</literal> is now 3465 turned on by default on the server (any risk is to the 3466 client, where it is already disabled by 3467 default). &merged;</para> 3468 3469 <para role="historic">In <filename>/etc/ssh/sshd_config</filename>, the 3470 <literal>ConnectionsPerPeriod</literal> parameter has been 3471 deprecated in favor of 3472 <literal>MaxStartups</literal>. &merged;</para> 3473 3474 <para role="historic"><application>OpenSSH</application> now has a 3475 <literal>VersionAddendum</literal> configuration setting for 3476 &man.sshd.8; to allow changing the part of the 3477 <application>OpenSSH</application> version string after the 3478 main version number. &merged;</para> 3479 </sect4> 3480 3481 <sect4> 3482 <title>OpenSSL</title> 3483 3484 <para><application>OpenSSL</application> has been updated to 3485 0.9.6c.</para> 3486 3487 <para role="historic"><application>OpenSSL</application> now has support for 3488 machine-dependent ASM optimizations, activated by the new 3489 <varname>MACHINE_CPU</varname> and/or 3490 <varname>CPUTYPE</varname> 3491 <filename>make.conf</filename> variables. &merged;</para> 3492 </sect4> 3493 3494 <sect4> 3495 <title>sendmail</title> 3496 3497 <para><application>sendmail</application> has been updated 3498 from version 8.9.3 to version 8.12.4. Important changes 3499 include: &man.sendmail.8; is no longer installed as a 3500 set-user-ID <username>root</username> binary (now set-group-ID <groupname>smmsp</groupname>); new 3501 default file locations (see 3502 <filename>/usr/src/contrib/sendmail/cf/README</filename>); 3503 &man.newaliases.1; is limited to <username>root</username> 3504 and trusted users; STARTTLS encryption; and the MSA port 3505 (587) is turned on by default. See 3506 <filename>/usr/src/contrib/sendmail/RELEASE_NOTES</filename> 3507 for more information. &merged;</para> 3508 3509 <para role="historic">&man.mail.local.8; is no longer installed as a 3510 set-user-ID binary. If you are using a 3511 <filename>/etc/mail/sendmail.cf</filename> from the default 3512 <filename>sendmail.cf</filename> included with &os; any time 3513 after 3.1.0, you are fine. If you are using a 3514 hand-configured <filename>sendmail.cf</filename> and 3515 <command>mail.local</command> for delivery, check to make sure the 3516 <literal>F=S</literal> flag is set on the 3517 <literal>Mlocal</literal> line. Those with 3518 <filename>.mc</filename> files who need to add the flag can 3519 do so by adding the following line to their 3520 <filename>.mc</filename> file and regenerating the 3521 <filename>sendmail.cf</filename> file:</para> 3522 3523 <programlisting role="historic">MODIFY_MAILER_FLAGS(`LOCAL',`+S')dnl</programlisting> 3524 3525 <para role="historic">Note that <literal>FEATURE(`local_lmtp')</literal> already 3526 does this. &merged;</para> 3527 3528 <para role="historic">The default <filename>/etc/mail/sendmail.cf</filename> 3529 disables the SMTP <literal>EXPN</literal> and 3530 <literal>VRFY</literal> commands. &merged;</para> 3531 3532 <para role="historic">&man.vacation.1; has been updated to use the version 3533 included with <application>sendmail</application>. &merged;</para> 3534 3535 <para role="historic">The <application>sendmail</application> configuration 3536 building tools are installed in 3537 <filename>/usr/share/sendmail/cf/</filename>. &merged;</para> 3538 3539 <para role="historic">New <filename>make.conf</filename> options: 3540 <varname>SENDMAIL_MC</varname> and 3541 <varname>SENDMAIL_ADDITIONAL_MC</varname>. See 3542 <filename>/usr/share/examples/etc/make.conf</filename> for more 3543 information. &merged;</para> 3544 3545 <para role="historic"><filename>/etc/mail/Makefile</filename> now supports: 3546 the new <varname>SENDMAIL_MC</varname> 3547 <filename>make.conf</filename> option; the ability to build 3548 <filename>.cf</filename> files from 3549 <filename>.mc</filename> files; generalized map rebuilding; 3550 rebuilding the aliases file; and the ability to stop, start, 3551 and restart 3552 <application>sendmail</application>. &merged;</para> 3553 3554 <para role="historic">The <username>smmsp</username> and 3555 <username>mailnull</username> users have been added to 3556 <filename>/etc/master.passwd</filename>. In the absence of a 3557 <literal>confDEF_USER_ID</literal> setting, by default, 3558 <application>sendmail</application> will use the 3559 <username>mailnull</username> user for extra security. 3560 Previously, if the <username>mailnull</username> user did 3561 not exist, the <username>daemon</username> user was used. 3562 This change may generate some permissions issues when 3563 mailing to files or to programs (such as <filename 3564 role="package">mail/majordomo</filename>). &merged; The 3565 previous behavior can be restored by adding the following 3566 line to a system's 3567 <filename><replaceable>*</replaceable>.mc</filename> 3568 configuration file: 3569 3570 <programlisting>define(`confDEF_USER_ID', `daemon')</programlisting> 3571 </para> 3572 3573 <para role="historic">Beginning with the import of 3574 <application>sendmail</application> 8.12.2, multiple 3575 <application>sendmail</application> daemons (some required 3576 to handle outgoing mail) are started by &man.rc.8;, even if 3577 the <varname>sendmail_enable</varname> variable is set to 3578 <literal>NO</literal>. To completely disable 3579 <application>sendmail</application>, 3580 <varname>sendmail_enable</varname> must be set to 3581 <literal>NONE</literal>. Alternatively, for systems using a 3582 different MTA, the <varname>mta_start_script</varname> variable can 3583 be used to point to a different startup script (more details 3584 can be found in &man.rc.sendmail.8;). &merged;</para> 3585 3586 <para>By default, &man.rc.8; no longer enables 3587 <application>sendmail</application> for inbound SMTP 3588 connections. Note that &man.sysinstall.8; may override this 3589 default for a binary installation, based on what security 3590 profile is selected. This functionality can also be 3591 manually enabled by adding the following line to 3592 <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>:</para> 3593 3594 <programlisting>sendmail_enable="YES"</programlisting> 3595 3596 <para>The permissions for <application>sendmail</application> 3597 alias and map databases built via 3598 <filename>/etc/mail/Makefile</filename> now default to mode 3599 0640 to protect against a file locking local denial of service. 3600 It can be changed by setting the new 3601 <varname>SENDMAIL_MAP_PERMS</varname> 3602 <filename>make.conf</filename> option. &merged;</para> 3603 3604 <para>The permissions for the <application>sendmail</application> 3605 statistics file, <filename>/var/log/sendmail.st</filename>, have 3606 been changed from mode 0644 to mode 0640 to protect against 3607 a file locking local denial of service. &merged;</para> 3608 3609 </sect4> 3610 </sect3> 3611 3612 <sect3> 3613 <title>Ports/Packages Collection Infrastructure</title> 3614 3615 <para><application>BSDPAN</application>, a collection of modules 3616 that provides tighter integration of 3617 <application>Perl</application> into the &os; Ports 3618 Collection, has been added.</para> 3619 3620 <para role="historic">&man.pkg.create.1; and &man.pkg.add.1; can now work with 3621 packages that have been compressed using 3622 &man.bzip2.1;. &man.pkg.add.1; will use the PACKAGEROOT 3623 environment variable to determine a mirror site for new 3624 packages. &merged;</para> 3625 3626 <para role="historic">&man.pkg.create.1; now records dependencies in dependency 3627 order rather than in the order specified on the command line. 3628 This improves the functioning of <command>pkg_add 3629 -r</command>. &merged;</para> 3630 3631 <para role="historic">&man.pkg.create.1; now supports a <option>-b</option> to 3632 create a package file from a locally-installed 3633 package. &merged;</para> 3634 3635 <para role="historic">When requested to delete multiple packages, 3636 &man.pkg.delete.1; will now attempt to remove them in 3637 dependency order rather than the order specified on the 3638 command line. &merged;</para> 3639 3640 <para role="historic">&man.pkg.delete.1; now can perform glob/regexp matching of 3641 package names. In addition, it supports a <option>-a</option> 3642 option for removing all packages and a <option>-i</option> 3643 option for &man.rm.1;-style interactive 3644 confirmation. &merged;</para> 3645 3646 <para role="historic">&man.pkg.delete.1; now supports a <option>-r</option> 3647 option for recursive package removal. &merged;</para> 3648 3649 <para role="historic">&man.pkg.info.1; now supports globbing against names of 3650 installed packages. The <option>-G</option> option disables 3651 this behavior, and the <option>-x</option> option causes 3652 regular expression matching instead of shell 3653 globbing. &merged;</para> 3654 3655 <para role="historic">&man.pkg.info.1; can now accept a <option>-g</option> flag 3656 for verifying an installed package against its recorded 3657 checksums (to see if it's been modified post-installation). 3658 Naturally, this mechanism is only as secure as the contents of 3659 <filename>/var/db/pkg</filename> if it's to be used for auditing 3660 purposes. &merged;</para> 3661 3662 <para role="historic">&man.pkg.sign.1; and &man.pkg.check.1; have been added to 3663 digitally sign and verify the signatures on binary package 3664 files. &merged;</para> 3665 3666 <para>For some time, &os; 5.0-CURRENT (as well as some 4.X 3667 releases) included a pkg_update(1) utility to update installed 3668 packages, as well as their dependencies. This utility has 3669 been removed; a superset of its functionality can be found in 3670 the <filename role="package">sysutils/portupgrade</filename> 3671 port.</para> 3672 3673 <para role="historic">&man.pkg.version.1; now has a version number comparison 3674 routine that corresponds to the Porters Handbook. It also has 3675 a <option>-t</option> option for testing address comparisons. 3676 &merged;</para> 3677 3678 <para role="historic">&man.pkg.version.1; now takes a <option>-s</option> flag 3679 to limit its operation to ports/packages matching a given 3680 string. &merged;</para> 3681 3682 <para role="historic">Version numbers of installed packages have a new 3683 (backward-compatible) syntax, which supports the 3684 <varname>PORTREVISION</varname> and 3685 <varname>PORTEPOCH</varname> variables in Ports Collection 3686 <filename>Makefile</filename>s. These changes help keep track 3687 of changes in the ports collection entries such as security 3688 patches or &os;-specific updates, which aren't reflected in 3689 the original, third-party software distributions. 3690 &man.pkg.version.1; can now compare these new-style version 3691 numbers. &merged;</para> 3692 3693 <para role="historic">To improve performance and disk utilization, the 3694 <quote>ports skeletons</quote> in the &os; Ports Collection 3695 have been restructured. Installed ports and packages should 3696 not be affected. &merged;</para> 3697 3698 <para role="historic">All packages and ports now contain an 3699 <quote>origin</quote> directive, which makes it easier for 3700 programs such as &man.pkg.version.1; to determine the 3701 directory from which a package was built. &merged;</para> 3702 3703 <para role="historic">The Ports Collection infrastructure now uses 3704 <application>XFree86</application> 4.2.0 as the default version 3705 of the X Window System for the purposes of satisfying 3706 dependencies. To return to using 3707 <application>XFree86</application> 3.3.6, add the following line 3708 to <filename>/etc/make.conf</filename>: &merged;</para> 3709 3710 <programlisting role="historic">XFREE86_VERSION=3</programlisting> 3711 3712 <para>The libraries installed by the <filename 3713 role="package">emulators/linux_base</filename> port (required 3714 for Linux emulation) have been updated; they now correspond to 3715 those included with <application>Red Hat Linux</application> 3716 7.1.</para> 3717 </sect3> 3718 </sect2> 3719 3720 <sect2> 3721 <title>Release Engineering and Integration</title> 3722 3723 <para>The <filename>bin</filename> distribution has been renamed 3724 <filename>base</filename>, in order to make creation of combined 3725 install/recovery disks easier.</para> 3726 3727 <para arch="i386">ISO images and CDROMs now use the 3728 <filename>cdboot</filename> boot loader by default. This 3729 eliminates the need for an emulated floppy disk image on 3730 a bootable CDROM and allows for a full 3731 <filename>GENERIC</filename> kernel to be used for CDROM 3732 installations, at the expense of compatability with some old 3733 BIOSs.</para> 3734 3735 <para arch="i386,pc98,alpha" role="historic"><application>XFree86</application> 4.2.0 3736 is now the default version of the X Window System supported by 3737 &man.sysinstall.8;. It installs 3738 <application>XFree86</application> as a set of standard binary 3739 packages, so the usual package utilities such as 3740 &man.pkg.info.1; can be used to examine/manipulate its 3741 components. &merged;</para> 3742 3743 <para>It is now possible to make releases of &os; 3744 &release.current; on a &os; 4-STABLE host. Cross-architecture 3745 (building a release for a target architecture on a host of a 3746 different architecture) releases are also possible. See 3747 &man.release.7; for details.</para> 3748 3749 </sect2> 3750</sect1> 3751 3752<sect1> 3753 <title>Upgrading from previous releases of &os;</title> 3754 3755 <para>If you're upgrading from a previous release of &os;, you 3756 generally will have three options: 3757 3758 <itemizedlist> 3759 <listitem> 3760 <para>Using the binary upgrade option of &man.sysinstall.8;. 3761 This option is perhaps the quickest, although it presumes 3762 that your installation of &os; uses no special compilation 3763 options.</para> 3764 </listitem> 3765 <listitem> 3766 <para>Performing a complete reinstall of &os;. Technically, 3767 this is not an upgrading method, and in any case is usually less 3768 convenient than a binary upgrade, in that it requires you to 3769 manually backup and restore the contents of 3770 <filename>/etc</filename>. However, it may be useful in 3771 cases where you want (or need) to change the partitioning of 3772 your disks. 3773 </listitem> 3774 <listitem> 3775 <para>From source code in <filename>/usr/src</filename>. This 3776 route is more flexible, but requires more disk space, time, 3777 and more technical expertise. Upgrading from very old 3778 versions of &os; may be problematic; in cases like this, it 3779 is usually more effective to perform a binary upgrade or a 3780 complete reinstall.</para> 3781 </listitem> 3782 </itemizedlist> 3783 </para> 3784 3785 <para>Please read the <filename>INSTALL.TXT</filename> file for more 3786 information, preferably <emphasis>before</emphasis> beginning an 3787 upgrade. If you are upgrading from source, please be sure to read 3788 <filename>/usr/src/UPDATING</filename> as well.</para> 3789 3790 <para>Finally, if you want to use one of various means to track the 3791 -STABLE or -CURRENT branches of &os;, please be sure to consult 3792 the <ulink 3793 url="http://www.FreeBSD.org/handbook/current-stable.html"><quote>-CURRENT 3794 vs. -STABLE</quote></ulink> section of the <ulink 3795 url="http://www.FreeBSD.org/handbook/">FreeBSD 3796 Handbook</ulink>.</para> 3797 3798 <important> 3799 <para>Upgrading &os; should, of course, only be attempted after 3800 backing up <emphasis>all</emphasis> data and configuration 3801 files.</para> 3802 </important> 3803</sect1>
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