1.\" $OpenBSD: ssh-add.1,v 1.38 2003/03/28 10:11:43 jmc Exp $
2.\"
3.\" -*- nroff -*-
4.\"
5.\" Author: Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>
6.\" Copyright (c) 1995 Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>, Espoo, Finland
7.\" All rights reserved
8.\"
9.\" As far as I am concerned, the code I have written for this software
10.\" can be used freely for any purpose. Any derived versions of this
11.\" software must be clearly marked as such, and if the derived work is
12.\" incompatible with the protocol description in the RFC file, it must be
13.\" called by a name other than "ssh" or "Secure Shell".
14.\"
15.\"
16.\" Copyright (c) 1999,2000 Markus Friedl. All rights reserved.
17.\" Copyright (c) 1999 Aaron Campbell. All rights reserved.
18.\" Copyright (c) 1999 Theo de Raadt. All rights reserved.
19.\"
20.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
21.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
22.\" are met:
23.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
24.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
25.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
26.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
27.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
28.\"
29.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
30.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
31.\" OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
32.\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
33.\" INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
34.\" NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
35.\" DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
36.\" THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
37.\" (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
38.\" THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
39.\"
40.Dd September 25, 1999
41.Dt SSH-ADD 1
42.Os
43.Sh NAME
44.Nm ssh-add
45.Nd adds RSA or DSA identities to the authentication agent
46.Sh SYNOPSIS
47.Nm ssh-add
48.Op Fl lLdDxXc
49.Op Fl t Ar life
50.Op Ar
51.Nm ssh-add
52.Fl s Ar reader
53.Nm ssh-add
54.Fl e Ar reader
55.Sh DESCRIPTION
56.Nm
57adds RSA or DSA identities to the authentication agent,
58.Xr ssh-agent 1 .
59When run without arguments, it adds the files
60.Pa $HOME/.ssh/id_rsa ,
61.Pa $HOME/.ssh/id_dsa
62and
63.Pa $HOME/.ssh/identity .
64Alternative file names can be given on the command line.
65If any file requires a passphrase,
66.Nm
67asks for the passphrase from the user.
68The passphrase is read from the user's tty.
69.Nm
70retries the last passphrase if multiple identity files are given.
71.Pp
72The authentication agent must be running and must be an ancestor of
73the current process for
74.Nm
75to work.
76.Pp
77The options are as follows:
78.Bl -tag -width Ds
79.It Fl l
80Lists fingerprints of all identities currently represented by the agent.
81.It Fl L
82Lists public key parameters of all identities currently represented by the agent.
83.It Fl d
84Instead of adding the identity, removes the identity from the agent.
85.It Fl D
86Deletes all identities from the agent.
87.It Fl x
88Lock the agent with a password.
89.It Fl X
90Unlock the agent.
91.It Fl t Ar life
92Set a maximum lifetime when adding identities to an agent.
93The lifetime may be specified in seconds or in a time format
94specified in
95.Xr sshd_config 5 .
96.It Fl c
97Indicates that added identities should be subject to confirmation before
98being used for authentication.
99Confirmation is performed by the
100.Ev SSH_ASKPASS
101program mentioned below.
102Successful confirmation is signaled by a zero exit status from the
103.Ev SSH_ASKPASS
104program, rather than text entered into the requester.
105.It Fl s Ar reader
106Add key in smartcard
107.Ar reader .
108.It Fl e Ar reader
109Remove key in smartcard
110.Ar reader .
111.El
112.Sh FILES
113.Bl -tag -width Ds
114.It Pa $HOME/.ssh/identity
115Contains the protocol version 1 RSA authentication identity of the user.
116.It Pa $HOME/.ssh/id_dsa
117Contains the protocol version 2 DSA authentication identity of the user.
118.It Pa $HOME/.ssh/id_rsa
119Contains the protocol version 2 RSA authentication identity of the user.
120.El
121.Pp
122Identity files should not be readable by anyone but the user.
123Note that
124.Nm
125ignores identity files if they are accessible by others.
126.Sh ENVIRONMENT
127.Bl -tag -width Ds
128.It Ev "DISPLAY" and "SSH_ASKPASS"
129If
130.Nm
131needs a passphrase, it will read the passphrase from the current
132terminal if it was run from a terminal.
133If
134.Nm
135does not have a terminal associated with it but
136.Ev DISPLAY
137and
138.Ev SSH_ASKPASS
139are set, it will execute the program specified by
140.Ev SSH_ASKPASS
141and open an X11 window to read the passphrase.
142This is particularly useful when calling
143.Nm
144from a
145.Pa .Xsession
146or related script.
147(Note that on some machines it
148may be necessary to redirect the input from
149.Pa /dev/null
150to make this work.)
151.It Ev SSH_AUTH_SOCK
152Identifies the path of a unix-domain socket used to communicate with the
153agent.
154.El
155.Sh DIAGNOSTICS
156Exit status is 0 on success, 1 if the specified command fails,
157and 2 if
158.Nm
159is unable to contact the authentication agent.
160.Sh AUTHORS
161OpenSSH is a derivative of the original and free
162ssh 1.2.12 release by Tatu Ylonen.
163Aaron Campbell, Bob Beck, Markus Friedl, Niels Provos,
164Theo de Raadt and Dug Song
165removed many bugs, re-added newer features and
166created OpenSSH.
167Markus Friedl contributed the support for SSH
168protocol versions 1.5 and 2.0.
169.Sh SEE ALSO
170.Xr ssh 1 ,
171.Xr ssh-agent 1 ,
172.Xr ssh-keygen 1 ,
173.Xr sshd 8
2.\"
3.\" -*- nroff -*-
4.\"
5.\" Author: Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>
6.\" Copyright (c) 1995 Tatu Ylonen <ylo@cs.hut.fi>, Espoo, Finland
7.\" All rights reserved
8.\"
9.\" As far as I am concerned, the code I have written for this software
10.\" can be used freely for any purpose. Any derived versions of this
11.\" software must be clearly marked as such, and if the derived work is
12.\" incompatible with the protocol description in the RFC file, it must be
13.\" called by a name other than "ssh" or "Secure Shell".
14.\"
15.\"
16.\" Copyright (c) 1999,2000 Markus Friedl. All rights reserved.
17.\" Copyright (c) 1999 Aaron Campbell. All rights reserved.
18.\" Copyright (c) 1999 Theo de Raadt. All rights reserved.
19.\"
20.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
21.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
22.\" are met:
23.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
24.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
25.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
26.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
27.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
28.\"
29.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
30.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
31.\" OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
32.\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
33.\" INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
34.\" NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
35.\" DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
36.\" THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
37.\" (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
38.\" THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
39.\"
40.Dd September 25, 1999
41.Dt SSH-ADD 1
42.Os
43.Sh NAME
44.Nm ssh-add
45.Nd adds RSA or DSA identities to the authentication agent
46.Sh SYNOPSIS
47.Nm ssh-add
48.Op Fl lLdDxXc
49.Op Fl t Ar life
50.Op Ar
51.Nm ssh-add
52.Fl s Ar reader
53.Nm ssh-add
54.Fl e Ar reader
55.Sh DESCRIPTION
56.Nm
57adds RSA or DSA identities to the authentication agent,
58.Xr ssh-agent 1 .
59When run without arguments, it adds the files
60.Pa $HOME/.ssh/id_rsa ,
61.Pa $HOME/.ssh/id_dsa
62and
63.Pa $HOME/.ssh/identity .
64Alternative file names can be given on the command line.
65If any file requires a passphrase,
66.Nm
67asks for the passphrase from the user.
68The passphrase is read from the user's tty.
69.Nm
70retries the last passphrase if multiple identity files are given.
71.Pp
72The authentication agent must be running and must be an ancestor of
73the current process for
74.Nm
75to work.
76.Pp
77The options are as follows:
78.Bl -tag -width Ds
79.It Fl l
80Lists fingerprints of all identities currently represented by the agent.
81.It Fl L
82Lists public key parameters of all identities currently represented by the agent.
83.It Fl d
84Instead of adding the identity, removes the identity from the agent.
85.It Fl D
86Deletes all identities from the agent.
87.It Fl x
88Lock the agent with a password.
89.It Fl X
90Unlock the agent.
91.It Fl t Ar life
92Set a maximum lifetime when adding identities to an agent.
93The lifetime may be specified in seconds or in a time format
94specified in
95.Xr sshd_config 5 .
96.It Fl c
97Indicates that added identities should be subject to confirmation before
98being used for authentication.
99Confirmation is performed by the
100.Ev SSH_ASKPASS
101program mentioned below.
102Successful confirmation is signaled by a zero exit status from the
103.Ev SSH_ASKPASS
104program, rather than text entered into the requester.
105.It Fl s Ar reader
106Add key in smartcard
107.Ar reader .
108.It Fl e Ar reader
109Remove key in smartcard
110.Ar reader .
111.El
112.Sh FILES
113.Bl -tag -width Ds
114.It Pa $HOME/.ssh/identity
115Contains the protocol version 1 RSA authentication identity of the user.
116.It Pa $HOME/.ssh/id_dsa
117Contains the protocol version 2 DSA authentication identity of the user.
118.It Pa $HOME/.ssh/id_rsa
119Contains the protocol version 2 RSA authentication identity of the user.
120.El
121.Pp
122Identity files should not be readable by anyone but the user.
123Note that
124.Nm
125ignores identity files if they are accessible by others.
126.Sh ENVIRONMENT
127.Bl -tag -width Ds
128.It Ev "DISPLAY" and "SSH_ASKPASS"
129If
130.Nm
131needs a passphrase, it will read the passphrase from the current
132terminal if it was run from a terminal.
133If
134.Nm
135does not have a terminal associated with it but
136.Ev DISPLAY
137and
138.Ev SSH_ASKPASS
139are set, it will execute the program specified by
140.Ev SSH_ASKPASS
141and open an X11 window to read the passphrase.
142This is particularly useful when calling
143.Nm
144from a
145.Pa .Xsession
146or related script.
147(Note that on some machines it
148may be necessary to redirect the input from
149.Pa /dev/null
150to make this work.)
151.It Ev SSH_AUTH_SOCK
152Identifies the path of a unix-domain socket used to communicate with the
153agent.
154.El
155.Sh DIAGNOSTICS
156Exit status is 0 on success, 1 if the specified command fails,
157and 2 if
158.Nm
159is unable to contact the authentication agent.
160.Sh AUTHORS
161OpenSSH is a derivative of the original and free
162ssh 1.2.12 release by Tatu Ylonen.
163Aaron Campbell, Bob Beck, Markus Friedl, Niels Provos,
164Theo de Raadt and Dug Song
165removed many bugs, re-added newer features and
166created OpenSSH.
167Markus Friedl contributed the support for SSH
168protocol versions 1.5 and 2.0.
169.Sh SEE ALSO
170.Xr ssh 1 ,
171.Xr ssh-agent 1 ,
172.Xr ssh-keygen 1 ,
173.Xr sshd 8