| europe (43766) | europe (58787) |
|---|---|
| 1# @(#)europe 7.58 | 1# @(#)europe 7.71 2# $FreeBSD: head/share/zoneinfo/europe 58787 2000-03-29 14:01:46Z ru $ |
| 2 3# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 4# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 5# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). 6 | 3 4# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 5# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 6# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). 7 |
| 7# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-11-22): | 8# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-10-29): |
| 8# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is | 9# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is |
| 9# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (4th edition), 10# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1995). | 10# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition), 11# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999). |
| 11# | 12# |
| 12# Gwillim Law <LAW@encmail.encompass.com> writes that a good source | 13# Gwillim Law <Gwil_Law@bridge-point.com> writes that a good source |
| 13# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 14# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 15# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 16# of the IATA's data after 1990. 17# | 14# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 15# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 16# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 17# of the IATA's data after 1990. 18# |
| 18# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1990, 19# and IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. | 19# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1991, 20# and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. |
| 20# 21# Other sources occasionally used include: 22# 23# Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 24# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), 25# which I found in the UCLA library. 26# 27# Brazil's Departamento Servico da Hora (DSH), --- 13 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 41# 0:00 GMT BST Greenwich, British Summer 42# 0:00 GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer 43# 0:00 WET WEST Western Europe 44# 1:00 CET CEST Central Europe 45# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe 46# 3:00 MSK MSD Moscow 47# 48# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones, especially in Britain, | 21# 22# Other sources occasionally used include: 23# 24# Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 25# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), 26# which I found in the UCLA library. 27# 28# Brazil's Departamento Servico da Hora (DSH), --- 13 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 42# 0:00 GMT BST Greenwich, British Summer 43# 0:00 GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer 44# 0:00 WET WEST Western Europe 45# 1:00 CET CEST Central Europe 46# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe 47# 3:00 MSK MSD Moscow 48# 49# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones, especially in Britain, |
| 49# is Derek Howse, Greenwich time and the discovery of the longitude, 50# Oxford University Press (1980). | 50# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). |
| 51 52# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-12-04), 53# The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy, 54# Luxembourg, the Netherlands. 55# Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom. 56# Plus, from 1 Jan 81: Greece. 57# Plus, from 1 Jan 86: Spain, Portugal. 58# Plus, from 1 Jan 95: Austria, Finland, Sweden. (Norway negotiated terms for --- 10 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 69# national law to implement it. The only contentious issue was the 70# different end date for the UK and Ireland, and this was always allowed 71# in the Directive. 72 73 74############################################################################### 75 76# Britain (United Kingdom) and Ireland (Eire) | 51 52# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-12-04), 53# The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy, 54# Luxembourg, the Netherlands. 55# Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom. 56# Plus, from 1 Jan 81: Greece. 57# Plus, from 1 Jan 86: Spain, Portugal. 58# Plus, from 1 Jan 95: Austria, Finland, Sweden. (Norway negotiated terms for --- 10 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 69# national law to implement it. The only contentious issue was the 70# different end date for the UK and Ireland, and this was always allowed 71# in the Directive. 72 73 74############################################################################### 75 76# Britain (United Kingdom) and Ireland (Eire) |
| 77# The UK and its colonies adopted the Gregorian calendar on 1752-09-14. | |
| 78 79# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-07-06): 80# 81# On 17 Jan 1994 the Independent, a UK quality newspaper, had a piece about 82# historical vistas along the Thames in west London. There was a photo 83# and a sketch map showing some of the sightlines involved. One paragraph 84# of the text said: 85# --- 11 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 97# 98# [This yields GMTOFF = -0:01:15 for London LMT in the 18th century.] 99 100# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1993-11-18): 101# 102# Howse writes that Britain was the first country to use standard time. 103# The railways cared most about the inconsistencies of local mean time, 104# and it was they who forced a uniform time on the country. | 77 78# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-07-06): 79# 80# On 17 Jan 1994 the Independent, a UK quality newspaper, had a piece about 81# historical vistas along the Thames in west London. There was a photo 82# and a sketch map showing some of the sightlines involved. One paragraph 83# of the text said: 84# --- 11 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 96# 97# [This yields GMTOFF = -0:01:15 for London LMT in the 18th century.] 98 99# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1993-11-18): 100# 101# Howse writes that Britain was the first country to use standard time. 102# The railways cared most about the inconsistencies of local mean time, 103# and it was they who forced a uniform time on the country. |
| 105# The original idea was credited to Dr. William Hyde Wollaston (1766-1828); 106# it was popularized in 1840 by Capt. Basil Hall, RN (1788-1844), 107# famed explorer and former Commissioner for Longitude. | 104# The original idea was credited to Dr. William Hyde Wollaston (1766-1828) 105# and was popularized by Abraham Follett Osler (1808-1903). |
| 108# The first railway to adopt London time was the Great Western Railway 109# in November 1840; other railways followed suit, and by 1847 most | 106# The first railway to adopt London time was the Great Western Railway 107# in November 1840; other railways followed suit, and by 1847 most |
| 110# (though not all) railways used London time. On 1847 Sep 22 the | 108# (though not all) railways used London time. On 1847-09-22 the |
| 111# Railway Clearing House, an industry standards body, recommended that GMT be | 109# Railway Clearing House, an industry standards body, recommended that GMT be |
| 112# adopted at all stations; the January 1848 Bradshaw's lists most major | 110# adopted at all stations as soon as the General Post Office permitted it. 111# The transition occurred on 12-01 for the L&NW, the Caledonian, 112# and presumably other railways; the January 1848 Bradshaw's lists many |
| 113# railways as using GMT. By 1855 the vast majority of public | 113# railways as using GMT. By 1855 the vast majority of public |
| 114# clocks in Britain were set to GMT (though some, like the Great Clock 115# in Tom Tower at Christ Church, Oxford, were fitted with two minute hands, | 114# clocks in Britain were set to GMT (though some, like the great clock 115# on Tom Tower at Christ Church, Oxford, were fitted with two minute hands, |
| 116# one for local time and one for GMT). The last major holdout was the legal 117# system, which stubbornly stuck to local time for many years, leading 118# to oddities like polls opening at 08:13 and closing at 16:13. 119# The legal system finally switched to GMT when the Statutes (Definition | 116# one for local time and one for GMT). The last major holdout was the legal 117# system, which stubbornly stuck to local time for many years, leading 118# to oddities like polls opening at 08:13 and closing at 16:13. 119# The legal system finally switched to GMT when the Statutes (Definition |
| 120# of Time) Act took effect; it received the Royal Assent on 1880 Aug 2. | 120# of Time) Act took effect; it received the Royal Assent on 1880-08-02. |
| 121# 122# In the tables below, we condense this complicated story into a single | 121# 122# In the tables below, we condense this complicated story into a single |
| 123# transition date for London, namely 1847 Sep 22. We don't know as much 124# about Dublin, so we use 1880 Aug 2, the legal transition time. | 123# transition date for London, namely 1847-12-01. We don't know as much 124# about Dublin, so we use 1880-08-02, the legal transition time. |
| 125 126# From Paul Eggert (1999-01-30): 127# Summer Time was first seriously proposed by William Willett (1857-1915), 128# a London builder and member of the Royal Astronomical Society | 125 126# From Paul Eggert (1999-01-30): 127# Summer Time was first seriously proposed by William Willett (1857-1915), 128# a London builder and member of the Royal Astronomical Society |
| 129# who circulated a pamphlet ``Waste of Daylight'' (1907) | 129# who circulated a pamphlet ``The Waste of Daylight'' (1907) |
| 130# that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April, 131# and retarding them by the same amount on four Sundays in September. 132# A bill was drafted in 1909 and introduced in Parliament several times, 133# but it met with ridicule and opposition, especially from farming interests. 134# One-hour Summer Time was eventually adopted as a wartime measure in 1916. 135 136# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): 137# The OED Supplement says that the English originally said ``Daylight Saving'' --- 13 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 151# politics making a fortune, not computing. 152 153# From Chris Carrier <72157.3334@CompuServe.COM> (1996-06-14): 154# I remember reading in various wartime issues of the London Times the 155# acronym BDST for British Double Summer Time. Look for the published 156# time of sunrise and sunset in The Times, when BDST was in effect, and 157# if you find a zone reference it will say, "All times B.D.S.T." 158 | 130# that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April, 131# and retarding them by the same amount on four Sundays in September. 132# A bill was drafted in 1909 and introduced in Parliament several times, 133# but it met with ridicule and opposition, especially from farming interests. 134# One-hour Summer Time was eventually adopted as a wartime measure in 1916. 135 136# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): 137# The OED Supplement says that the English originally said ``Daylight Saving'' --- 13 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 151# politics making a fortune, not computing. 152 153# From Chris Carrier <72157.3334@CompuServe.COM> (1996-06-14): 154# I remember reading in various wartime issues of the London Times the 155# acronym BDST for British Double Summer Time. Look for the published 156# time of sunrise and sunset in The Times, when BDST was in effect, and 157# if you find a zone reference it will say, "All times B.D.S.T." 158 |
| 159# From Peter Ilieve <peter@aldie.co.uk> (1998-04-19): 160# The following list attempts to show the complete history of Summer Time 161# legislation in the United Kingdom, and has quite a bit to say about 162# the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands as well. 163# 164# Things that I have not personally seen are marked (???). Things that 165# I haven't seen but Joseph Myers has are marked (jsm). The problem 166# with finding old Orders (rather than Acts) is that nobody seems to 167# keep the actual documents themselves, not even the Government. They 168# get bound into annual volumes, which are published, but by the time 169# this happens the Orders are mainly spent as the years they refer 170# to have come and gone, so they don't get included in the annual 171# volumes. 172# 173# Thanks are due to my learned legal friend Lorna Montgomerie, who dug out 174# the dusty old statutes, to Melanie Allison of the Ministry of Defence, 175# who provided the wartime regulations and a snippet of Hansard explaining 176# why double summer time started on a Monday in 1945 (it was Easter), 177# and to Joseph Myers <jsm28@cam.ac.uk>, who tracked down the Orders 178# up to 1945, some of the old Acts, and the first five EC Directives. 179# 180# Some definitions: 181# 182# Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wales 183# United Kingdom: Great Britain plus Ireland (up to 1922) or Northern 184# Ireland (since 1922) 185# S.I.: Statutory Instrument, the modern name for secondary legislation 186# S.R.&O.: Statutory Rules and Orders, the older name for secondary legislation 187# 188# Unless otherwise specified, Acts and secondary legislation are assumed 189# to apply throughout the United Kingdom, but not to the Isle of Man 190# or the Channel Islands. 191# 192# Some of the Acts and Orders I found in various libraries, and I don't 193# have copies. When I looked at them I was looking for dates and not things 194# like whether they applied to the Bailiwick of Jersey. I will try to 195# check these documents again. 196# 197# --- 198# 199# - The Statutes (Definition of Time) Act, 1880 (43 & 44 Vict. c. 9) 200# 201# Defined Greenwich mean time to be the standard time in Great Britain 202# and Dublin mean time to be the standard time in Ireland, superseding 203# various forms of local mean time. 204# 205# - The Statutory Time Act, 1883 (???) 206# 207# An Act of Tynwald, the Isle of Man Parliament. It appears to have 208# defined the standard time on the Isle of Man as GMT but as I haven't 209# seen it I don't know if it used Greenwich mean time, some other definition, 210# or just said that Isle of Man time would be the same as in Great Britain. 211# 212# - The Isle of Man (War Legislation) Act, 1914 (4 & 5 Geo. 5. c. 62) 213# 214# Gives the power, by Order in Council, to extend wartime legislation 215# to the Isle of Man. 216# 217# - The Summer Time Act, 1916 (6 & 7 Geo. 5. c. 14) 218# 219# Introduced Summer Time for the first time, in Great Britain and Ireland. 220# Specified a one hour offset from GMT (DMT in Ireland), dates of 221# Sunday 21 May and Sunday 1 October and times of 02:00 (GMT/DMT). 222# Gave a power to make Orders in subsequent years, for the duration 223# of the then current war. 224# 225# - The Time (Ireland) Act, 1916 (6 & 7 Geo. 5. c. 45) 226# 227# This abolished Dublin mean time at 02:00 DMT on Sunday 1 October 1916, 228# bringing the whole of the United Kingdom onto GMT. As Ireland was behind 229# GMT/BST at 02:00 DMT on 1 Oct Great Britain had already put the clocks back. 230# Using Paul Eggert's suggestion of IST for Irish Summer Time and the figure 231# derived from Whitman for the offset of IST from GMT (00:34:39) the sequence 232# would have been: 233# Dublin London 234# 02:34:38 IST 02:59:59 BST 235# 02:34:39 IST 02:00:00 GMT 236# 02:59:59 IST 02:25:20 GMT 237# 02:25:21 GMT 02:25:21 GMT 238# with the transition 03:00:00 IST -> 02:00:00 DMT -> 02:25:21 GMT all at once. 239# 240# - S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382 241# 242# An Order made under the Isle of Man (War Legislation) Act, 1914 243# extending the Summer Time Act, 1916 to the Isle of Man. Dated 244# 23 May 1916, two days after the start of Summer Time, but it says that 245# the Act is deemed to have taken effect in the Isle of Man at the same 246# time as it took effect in the United Kingdom. 247# 248# - S.R.&O. 1917, No. 362 249# 250# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1916 giving dates 251# for Summer Time in 1917 of Sunday 8 April to Monday 17 September, 252# both at 02:00 GMT. Note that Summer Time ends on a Monday. 253# 254# - S.R.&O. 1917, No. 358 255# 256# An Order made under the Summer Time (Isle of Man) Act, 1916 257# (the thing created by S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382) specifying the same 258# dates of 8 April to 17 September, at 02:00 GMT for the Isle of Man. 259# 260# - S.R.&O. 1918, No. 274 261# 262# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1916 giving dates 263# for Summer Time in 1918 of Sunday 24 March to Monday 30 September, 264# both at 02:00 GMT. 265# 266# - S.R.&O. 1918, No. 429 267# 268# The matching Isle of Man Order for 1918 with the same dates and times. 269# 270# - The Termination of the Present War (Definition) Act, 1918 271# (8 & 9 Geo. 5. c. 59) 272# 273# This gave power to specify a legal end date for the war just ended, 274# which would affect things like the Summer Time Act, 1916, which applied 275# only in wartime. This date was to be close to the date of formal 276# ratification of the treaty or treaties of peace. 277# 278# - S.R.&O. 1919, No. 297 279# 280# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1916 giving dates 281# for Summer Time in 1919 of Sunday 30 March to Monday 29 September, 282# both at 02:00 GMT. 283# 284# - S.R.&O. 1919, No. 366 285# 286# The matching Isle of Man Order for 1919 with the same dates and times. 287# 288# - S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458 289# 290# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1916 giving dates 291# for Summer Time in 1920 of Sunday 28 March to Monday 27 September, 292# both at 02:00 GMT. 293# 294# - S.R.&O. 1920, No. 573 295# 296# The matching Isle of Man Order for 1920 with the same dates and times. 297# 298# - S.R.&O. 1920, No. 1844 299# 300# An Order modifying both S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458 and S.R.&O. 1920, No. 573 to 301# change the end date for Summer Time from Monday 27 September to 302# Monday 25 October (the time remaining 02:00 GMT). The 1989 Green 303# Paper (Cm 722) says this was done because of a coal strike. 304# 305# - The War Emergency Laws (Continuance) Act, 1920 (10 Geo. 5. c. 5) 306# 307# This extends the power to make Orders under the Summer Time Act, 1916 308# for a period of 12 months after the termination of the war. 309# Came into force on 31 March 1920. Although the war had been over for more 310# than 12 months by then the legal end date had not yet been set. 311# 312# - S.R.&O. 1921, No. 363 313# 314# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1916 and the War 315# Emergency Laws (Continuance) Act, 1920 giving dates for Summer Time 316# in 1921 of Sunday 3 April to Monday 3 October, both at 02:00 GMT. 317# 318# - S.R.&O. 1921, No. 364 319# 320# The matching Isle of Man Order for 1921 with the same dates and times. 321# 322# - S.R.&O. 1922, No. 264 323# 324# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1916 and the War 325# Emergency Laws (Continuance) Act, 1920 giving dates for Summer Time 326# in 1921 of Sunday 26 March to Sunday 8 October, both at 02:00 GMT. 327# It also mentions the arrangements for defining the legal end date 328# for the late war. An Order was made on 10 August 1921, under the 329# Termination of the Present War (Definition) Act, 1918, setting 330# a date of 31 August 1921. This means the powers of the Summer Time 331# Act, 1916 would finally expire on 31 August 1922. 332# 333# - S.R.&O. 1922, No. 290 (???) 334# 335# This is probably the matching Isle of Man Order. 336# 337# - The Summer Time Act, 1922 (12 & 13 Geo. 5. c. 22) 338# 339# This specifies an offset of 1 hour and dates of the day after the third 340# Saturday in April, unless that be Easter, in which case it is the day after 341# the second Saturday, and the day after the third Saturday in September. 342# The time is 02:00 GMT. It applied in 1922 and 1923, and longer if Parliament 343# so approved. It applied to the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands as well. 344# Came into Force on 20 July 1920. Note the reversion to ending on a Sunday. 345# 346# - S.R.&O. 1922, No. 1205 347# 348# An Order made under the War Emergency Laws (Continuance) Act, 1920 349# dated 13 October 1922. It revokes (among other things) the Order extending 350# the Summer Time Act, 1916 to the Isle of Man. 351# 352# - The Expiring Laws Continuance Act, 1923 (13 & 14 Geo. 5. c. 37) 353# 354# This extended the Summer Time Act, 1922 (among other things) until 355# 31 December 1924. 356# 357# - The Expiring Laws Continuance Act, 1924 (15 Geo. 5. c. 1) (jsm) 358# 359# This further extended the Summer Time Act, 1922 (among other things) until 360# 31 December 1925. 361# 362# - The Time Act (Northern Ireland), 1924 (14 & 15 Geo. 5. c. 24 (N.I.)) 363# 364# This Act says that while it remains in force, any Act or Order relating 365# to the time for general purposes in Great Britain shall also apply 366# in Northern Ireland, and the Time (Ireland) Act, 1916 shall have effect 367# accordingly. 368# 369# - The Summer Time Act, 1925 (15 & 16 Geo. 5. c. 64) 370# 371# This makes the 1922 Act permanent, with a change to the end date to the 372# day after the first Saturday in October. Came into force on 7 August 1925. 373# 374# - The Emergency Powers (Defence) Act, 1939 (2 & 3 Geo. 6. c. 62) (???) 375# 376# I haven't seen this one. It presumably gave the Government powers to 377# do all manner of things during the newly started war. 378# 379# - The Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939, S.R.&O. 1939, No. 1379 380# 381# These were made under the Emergency Powers (Defence) Act, 1939. 382# They change the end date to be the day after the third Saturday in November. 383# 384# - S.R.&O. 1940, No. 172 385# 386# An Order in Council amending the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939. 387# It changed the start date to the day after the fourth Saturday in February 388# (ie. 25 Feb 1940). 389# 390# - S.R.&O. 1940, No. 1883 391# 392# Another Order amending the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939. 393# This continues summer time throughout the year after it starts in 1940. 394# 395# - S.R.&O. 1941, No. 476 396# 397# Another Order amending the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939. 398# This introduces double summer time, starting at 01:00 GMT on the day after 399# the first Saturday in May and ending at 01:00 GMT on the day after the 400# second Saturday in August, offset another hour from normal summer time, 401# which continues throughout the rest of the year. 402# 403# - S.R.&O. 1942, No. 506 404# 405# Another Order amending the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939. 406# This changes the start date of Double Summer Time to the day after the first 407# Saturday in April, bringing it forward from May. 408# 409# - S.R.&O. 1944, No. 932 410# 411# Another Order amending the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939. 412# This changed the end date of Double Summer Time to the day after the 413# third Saturday in September (ie. 17 September 1944). 414# 415# - S.R.&O. 1945, No. 312 416# 417# Another Order amending the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939. 418# This changes the start and end dates of Double Summer Time to the 419# day after the first Sunday in April and the day after the second Saturday 420# in July (ie. Mon 2 April to Sun 15 July). 421# 422# I have this quote from Hansard (the official record of the United Kingdom 423# Parliament), Oral Answers, 1 March 1945, cols 1559--60, explaining the 424# unusual start on a Monday: 425# 426# `58. Major Sir Goronwy Owen asked the Secretary of State for the Home 427# Department if he is now able to state the Government's proposals 428# regarding double summer time. 429# 430# [two other similar questions omitted] 431# 432# Mr. H. Morrison: The Government, in reviewing the matter, have 433# considered, [...] the conclusion has been reached that the adoption of 434# double summer time from the beginning of April is essential to the 435# maintenance of the war effort. [...] As 1st April is Easter Sunday, 436# when very early services are held in many churches, it is proposed that 437# double summer time shall start not in the night preceding Easter 438# Sunday, but in the night of Sunday-Monday so that it will operate from 439# Monday, 2nd April.' 440# 441# - S.R.&O. 1945, No. 1208 442# 443# An Order under the Emergency Powers (Defence) Acts, 1939 and 1940 revoking 444# a long list of things, including the Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939. 445# This meant that Summer Time reverted to being set by the 1922 and 1925 Acts. 446# It was made on 28 September, early enough to end Summer Time on the 447# date defined by the 1925 Act: 7 October. 448# 449# - The Summer Time Act, 1947 (10 & 11 Geo. 6. c. 16) 450# 451# Came into force on 11 March 1947. Amended the Summer Time Acts, 1922 and 452# 1925 to change the dates of Summer Time and to introduce Double Summer Time 453# (although it doesn't give this, or any, name for this period of 2 hour 454# offset from GMT). Dates are given for 1947 only and are: 02:00 GMT Sunday 455# 16 March, 01:00 GMT Sunday 13 April, 01:00 GMT Sunday 10 August, and 02:00 456# Sunday 2 November. It gave a power to make Orders for subsequent years, 457# both to vary the dates and to continue Double Summer Time. It applied 458# to the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands. 459# 460# - Summer Time Order, 1948 (S.I. 1948/495) 461# 462# An Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1947. Gave dates for 1948 of 463# 14 March and 31 October, both at 02:00 GMT. 464# 465# Although the 1947 Act had legislated for Double Summer Time, this was 466# not continued after 1947. 467# 468# - Summer Time Order, 1949 (S.I. 1949/373) 469# 470# Another Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1947. Gave dates for 1949 471# of 3 April and 30 October, both at 02:00 GMT. 472# 473# - Summer Time Order, 1950 (S.I. 1950/518) 474# 475# Another Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1947. Gave dates for 1950 476# of 16 April and 22 October, both at 02:00 GMT. 477# 478# - Summer Time Order, 1951 (S.I. 1951/430) 479# 480# Another Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1947. Gave dates for 1951 481# of 15 April and 21 October, both at 02:00 GMT. 482# 483# - Summer Time Order, 1952 (S.I. 1952/451) 484# 485# Another Order made under the Summer Time Act, 1947. Gave dates for 1952 486# of 20 April and 26 October, both at 02:00 GMT. 487# 488# This is the last of this run of Orders, so for 1953 things reverted 489# to the 1922 and 1925 Acts. 490# 491# - The Interpretation Act (Northern Ireland), 1954 (1954 c. 33 (N.I.)) (???) 492# 493# I presume that section 39 of this Act is similar to section 9 of the 494# Interpretation Act, 1978 (listed below) in specifying GMT as the 495# legal time in Northern Ireland, replacing the Time (Ireland) Act, 1916. 496# 497# - Summer Time Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/71) 498# 499# Specified dates of 26 March and 29 October (02:00 GMT) for 1961 500# 501# - Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/2465) 502# 503# Specified dates of 25 March to 28 October (02:00 GMT) for 1962. 504# 505# - Summer Time Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/81) 506# 507# Specified dates of 31 March to 27 October (02:00 GMT) for 1963. 508# 509# - Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/2101) 510# 511# Specified dates of 22 March to 25 October (02:00 GMT) for 1964. 512# 513# - Summer Time Order, 1964 (S.I. 1964/1201) 514# 515# Specified dates for three years (all 02:00 GMT): 516# 1965: 21 March to 24 October 517# 1966: 20 March to 23 October 518# 1967: 19 March to 29 October 519# 520# - Summer Time Order, 1967 (S.I. 1967/1148) 521# - Summer Time Order, 1968 (S.I. 1968/117) 522# 523# The first of these specifies dates for 1968 of 18 February for the United 524# Kingdom but 7 April for the Isle of Man, both ending on 27 October, 525# all at 02:00 GMT. The second Order changes the Isle of Man start date 526# to 18 February to match the United Kingdom. 527# 528# - The British Standard Time Act 1968 (1968 c. 45) 529# 530# This came into force on 27 October 1968 and continued summer time throughout 531# the year. It expired at 02:00 GMT on 31 October 1971, as specified in the 532# Act, as Parliament did not move to make this experment permanent. 533# It applied to the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands. 534# 535# Interestingly, it says baldly `This Act shall come into force on 536# 27 October 1968', without giving a time. As S1 of the Act merely 537# stated that `The time for general purposes in the United Kingdom 538# (to be known as British standard time) shall be one hour in 539# advance of Greenwich mean time throughout the year; ...' you could 540# possibly argue that the start time of BStandardT was 00:00 1968-10-27, 541# especially as the Act repealed the Summer Time Acts 1916--1947 in toto, 542# thereby destroying the authority of the Summer Time Order specifying 543# summer time in 1968. 544# 545# - The Manx Time Act 1968 546# 547# This is an Act of Tynwald (the Isle of Man Parliament) that said that 548# henceforth Manx time would be the same as the time in Great Britain. 549# 550# - The Summer Time Act 1972 (1972 c. 6) 551# 552# This specified a reversion to normal Summer Time behaviour with a start 553# date of the day after the third Saturday in March, unless that is Easter, 554# when it is the day after the second Saturday, and an end date of the day 555# after the fourth Saturday in October. Times are at 02:00 GMT, offset is 556# 1 hour. It gives the power to make Orders to vary these dates and 557# times. This Act is still in force and is the legal authority for 558# implementing the EC Directives in the United Kingdom. 559# 560# - The Interpretation Act 1978 (1978 c. 30) 561# 562# Section 9 of this Act replaces section 1 of the Statutes (Definition of 563# Time) Act, 1880 with very similar wording maintaining GMT as the legal 564# time in Great Britain. This does not apply in Northern Ireland (it 565# has its own Interpretation Act listed above). 566# 567# - Council Directive of 22 July 1980 on summertime arrangements (80/737/EEC) 568# 569# The first of the European Directives on Summer Time. It specified start 570# dates for 1981 and 1982. No agreement had been reached on end dates. 571# Only dates were given, there was no rule like `last Sunday in March'. 572# The main change for the United Kingdom was a move to a 01:00 GMT change 573# time. The dates: 574# 1981: 29 March 575# 1982: 28 March 576# 577# - Summer Time Order, 1980 (S.I. 1980/1089) 578# 579# Specified dates for 1981 and 1982, with the start dates as in the 580# EC Directive and all times 01:00 GMT: 581# 1981: 29 March to 25 October 582# 1982: 28 March to 24 October 583# 584# - Second Council Directive of 10 June 1982 on summertime arrangements 585# (82/399/EEC) 586# 587# The next European Directive. Specified dates for three years, 1983 to 1985. 588# Agreement still hadn't been reached on a common end date, and wouldn't 589# be until 1994 with the appeareance of the seventh Directive with a common 590# date for 1996 and beyond, but this time the Directive gave two sets of 591# end dates. The start date was specified by rule: the last Sunday in March. 592# All times were 01:00 GMT. The end dates were given without rule, as: 593# 1983: 25 September or 23 October 594# 1984: 30 September or 28 october 595# 1985: 29 September or 27 October 596# 597# - Summer Time Order, 1982 (S.I. 1982/1673) 598# 599# Implemented the second EC Directive, using the October end dates. 600# 1983: 27 March to 23 October 601# 1984: 25 March to 28 october 602# 1985: 31 March to 27 October 603# 604# - Third Council Directive of 12 December 1984 on summertime arrangements 605# (84/634/EEC) 606# 607# Specified start dates of the last Sunday in March and two sets of end 608# dates, last Sunday in September and fourth Sunday in October, all at 609# 01:00 GMT. The end dates were also specified as dates: 610# 1986: 28 September or 26 October 611# 1987: 27 September or 25 October 612# 1988: 25 September or 23 October 613# 614# - Summer Time Order, 1986 (S.I. 1986/223) 615# 616# Implemented the third EC Directive, using the October end dates. 617# 1986: 30 March to 26 October 618# 1987: 29 March to 25 October 619# 1988: 27 March to 23 October 620# 621# - Council Directive of 20 December 1985 amending Directive 84/634/EEC 622# on summertime arrangements (85/582/EEC) 623# 624# This was to do with the accession of Spain and Portugal to the EEC. 625# The previous directve had used wording like `Member States belonging 626# to the zero (Greenwich) time zone' when refering to the different 627# sets of end dates. Portugal was in that time zone but was not going 628# to follow the United Kingdom and Ireland dates, so the text was reworded 629# without any change to the dates themselves. 630# 631# - Fourth Council Directive of 22 December 1987 on summertime arrangements 632# (88/14/EEC) 633# 634# This Directive covered only a single year: 1989. My guess is that 635# this was because 1989 was one of the years when the historic United Kingdom 636# end date of the Sunday after the fourth Saturday in October differed from 637# the rule in the previous Directive of the fourth Sunday in October. 638# All times are 01:00 GMT. No rule was specified, specific dates were given: 639# 1989: 26 March to 24 September or 29 October 640# 641# - Summer Time Order, 1988 (S.I. 1988/931) 642# 643# Implemented the dates of 26 March to 29 October for 1989. 644# 645# - Fifth Council Directive of 21 December 1988 on summertime arrangements 646# (89/47/EEC) 647# 648# Covered the three years 1990 to 1992. All times are 01:00 GMT. Gave both 649# rules (last Sunday in March, last Sunday in September or fourth Sunday 650# in October) and specific dates: 651# 1990: 25 March to 30 September or 28 October 652# 1991: 31 March to 29 September or 27 October 653# 1992: 29 March to 27 September or 25 October 654# 655# - Summer Time Order, 1989 (S.I. 1989/985) 656# 657# Implemented the fifth Directive using the October end dates. 658# 659# - Sixth Council Directive 92/20/EEC of 26 March 1992 on summertime 660# arrangements 661# 662# Covered the two years 1993 and 1994. All times are 01:00 GMT. Specified 663# both rules (same as the fifth Directive) and specific dates: 664# 1993: 28 March to 26 September or 24 October 665# 1994: 27 March to 25 September or 23 October 666# 667# - Summer Time Order, 1992 (S.I. 1992/1729) 668# 669# Implemented the sixth Directive using the October end dates. 670# 671# - Seventh Directive 94/21/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council 672# of 30 May 1994 on summer-time arrangements 673# 674# Covered the three years 1995 to 1997. Agreement had finally been reached 675# on a common end date, to start in 1996. Both rules and dates were given. 676# The rules were the same last Sunday in March to last Sunday in September 677# or fourth Sunday in October for 1995, with the end rule changing to the 678# last Sunday in October for 1996 and 1997. The year 1995 was another of 679# the tricky ones where the EC and traditional United Kingdom rules differed 680# but this time the UK changed on the fourth Sunday, 22 October, earlier 681# than usual. All times are 01:00 GMT. Specific dates were also given: 682# 1995: 26 March to 24 September or 22 October 683# 1996: 31 March to 27 October 684# 1997: 30 March to 26 October 685# 686# - Summer Time Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2798) 687# 688# Implements the seventh Directive using the October end date in 1995. 689# Applies also to the Bailiwick of Guernsey but not to the Bailiwick of 690# Jersey or the Isle of Man, which have their own (unspecified) legislation 691# on the subject. 692# 693# - Eighth Directive 97/44/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council 694# of 22 July 1997 on summer-time arrangements 695# 696# Covers four years: 1998 to 2001. All times are 01:00 GMT. Specifies both 697# rules, last Sunday in March and last Sunday in October, and specific dates: 698# 1998: 29 March to 25 October 699# 1999: 28 March to 31 October 700# 2000: 26 March to 29 October 701# 2001: 25 March to 28 October 702# 703# <a href="http://www.hmso.gov.uk/si/si1997/97298201.htm"> 704# - Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982) 705# </a> 706# 707# Implements the eighth Directive. Has the same text about the Isle of Man, 708# Guernsey and Jersey as the 1994 Order. | 159# From Joseph S. Myers (1999-09-02): 160# ... some military cables (WO 219/4100 - this is a copy from the 161# main SHAEF archives held in the US National Archives, SHAEF/5252/8/516) 162# agree that the usage is BDST (this appears in a message dated 17 Feb 1945). |
| 709 | 163 |
| 710# From Joseph S. Myers <jsm28@hermes.cam.ac.uk> (1998-01-06): | 164# Howse writes (p 157) `DBST'; let's assume this is a typo. 165 166# Peter Ilieve <peter@aldie.co.uk> (1998-04-19) described at length 167# the history of summer time legislation in the United Kingdom. 168# Since 1998 Joseph S. Myers <jsm28@cam.ac.uk> has been updating 169# and extending this list, which can be found in 170# <a href="http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/"> 171# History of legal time in Britain 172# </a> (2000-02-12). 173 174# From Joseph S. Myers <jsm28@cam.ac.uk> (1998-01-06): |
| 711# 712# The legal time in the UK outside of summer time is definitely GMT, not UTC; 713# see Lord Tanlaw's speech 714# <a href="http://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/ld199697/ldhansrd/pdvn/lds97/text/70611-20.htm#70611-20_head0"> 715# (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976) 716# </a>. 717 | 175# 176# The legal time in the UK outside of summer time is definitely GMT, not UTC; 177# see Lord Tanlaw's speech 178# <a href="http://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/ld199697/ldhansrd/pdvn/lds97/text/70611-20.htm#70611-20_head0"> 179# (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976) 180# </a>. 181 |
| 718# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-06-12): | 182# From Paul Eggert (2000-02-17): |
| 719# | 183# |
| 720# The date `20 April 1924' in the table of ``Summer Time: A 721# Consultation Document'' (Cm 722, 1989) table is a transcription error; 722# 20 April was an Easter Sunday. Shanks has 13 April, the correct date. 723# Also, the table is not quite right for 1925 through 1938; the correct rules 724# (which Shanks uses) are given in the Summer Time Acts of 1922 and 1925. 725# Shanks and the UK Government paper disagree about the Apr 1956 transition; 726# since we have no other data, and since Shanks was correct in the other 727# points of disagreement about London, we'll believe Shanks for now. 728# Also, for lack of other data, we'll follow Shanks for Eire in 1940-1948. | 184# For lack of other data, we'll follow Shanks for Eire in 1940-1948. |
| 729# | 185# |
| 730# Given Peter Ilieve's comments, the following claims by Shanks are incorrect: | 186# Given Ilieve and Myers's data, the following claims by Shanks are incorrect: |
| 731# * Wales did not switch from GMT to daylight saving time until 732# 1921 Apr 3, when they began to conform with the rest of Great Britain. 733# Actually, Wales was identical after 1880. 734# * Eire had two transitions on 1916 Oct 1. 735# It actually just had one transition. 736# * Northern Ireland used single daylight saving time throughout WW II. 737# Actually, it conformed to Britain. 738# * GB-Eire changed standard time to 1 hour ahead of GMT on 1968-02-18. 739# Actually, that date saw the usual switch to summer time. 740# Standard time was not changed until 1968-10-27 (the clocks didn't change). 741# | 187# * Wales did not switch from GMT to daylight saving time until 188# 1921 Apr 3, when they began to conform with the rest of Great Britain. 189# Actually, Wales was identical after 1880. 190# * Eire had two transitions on 1916 Oct 1. 191# It actually just had one transition. 192# * Northern Ireland used single daylight saving time throughout WW II. 193# Actually, it conformed to Britain. 194# * GB-Eire changed standard time to 1 hour ahead of GMT on 1968-02-18. 195# Actually, that date saw the usual switch to summer time. 196# Standard time was not changed until 1968-10-27 (the clocks didn't change). 197# |
| 742# The following claims by Shanks are possible though doubtful; 743# we'll ignore them for now. | 198# Here is another incorrect claim by Shanks: |
| 744# * Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man did not switch from GMT 745# to daylight saving time until 1921 Apr 3, when they began to 746# conform with Great Britain. | 199# * Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man did not switch from GMT 200# to daylight saving time until 1921 Apr 3, when they began to 201# conform with Great Britain. |
| 202# S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382 and HO 45/10811/312364 (quoted above) say otherwise. 203# 204# The following claim by Shanks is possible though doubtful; 205# we'll ignore it for now. |
|
| 747# * Dublin's 1971-10-31 switch was at 02:00, even though London's was 03:00. 748# 749# 750# Whitman says Dublin Mean Time was -0:25:21, which is more precise than Shanks. 751 | 206# * Dublin's 1971-10-31 switch was at 02:00, even though London's was 03:00. 207# 208# 209# Whitman says Dublin Mean Time was -0:25:21, which is more precise than Shanks. 210 |
| 211# From Paul Eggert (1999-03-28): 212# Clive Feather (<news:859845706.26043.0@office.demon.net>, 1997-03-31) 213# reports that Folkestone (Cheriton) Shuttle Terminal uses Concession Time 214# (CT), equivalent to French civil time. 215# Julian Hill (<news:36118128.5A14@virgin.net>, 1998-09-30) reports that 216# trains between Dollands Moor (the freight facility next door) 217# and Frethun run in CT. 218# My admittedly uninformed guess is that the terminal has two authorities, 219# the French concession operators and the British civil authorities, 220# and that the time depends on who you're talking to. 221# If, say, the British police were called to the station for some reason, 222# I would expect the official police report to use GMT/BST and not CET/CEST. 223# This is a borderline case, but for now let's stick to GMT/BST. 224 |
|
| 752# From an anonymous contributor (1996-06-02): 753# The law governing time in Ireland is under Statutory Instrument SI 395/94, 754# which gives force to European Union 7th Council Directive # 94/21/EC. 755# Under this directive, the Minister for Justice in Ireland makes appropriate 756# regulations. I spoke this morning with the Secretary of the Department of 757# Justice (tel +353 1 678 9711) who confirmed to me that the correct name is 758# "Irish Summer Time", abbreviated to "IST". 759 --- 14 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 774Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Mar 28 2:00s 1:00 BST 775# S.R.&O. 1920, No. 1844 776Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Oct 25 2:00s 0 GMT 777# S.R.&O. 1921, No. 363 778Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST 779Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 GMT 780# S.R.&O. 1922, No. 264 781Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 BST | 225# From an anonymous contributor (1996-06-02): 226# The law governing time in Ireland is under Statutory Instrument SI 395/94, 227# which gives force to European Union 7th Council Directive # 94/21/EC. 228# Under this directive, the Minister for Justice in Ireland makes appropriate 229# regulations. I spoke this morning with the Secretary of the Department of 230# Justice (tel +353 1 678 9711) who confirmed to me that the correct name is 231# "Irish Summer Time", abbreviated to "IST". 232 --- 14 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 247Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Mar 28 2:00s 1:00 BST 248# S.R.&O. 1920, No. 1844 249Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Oct 25 2:00s 0 GMT 250# S.R.&O. 1921, No. 363 251Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST 252Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 GMT 253# S.R.&O. 1922, No. 264 254Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 BST |
| 782# The Summer Time Act, 1922 | |
| 783Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Oct 8 2:00s 0 GMT | 255Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Oct 8 2:00s 0 GMT |
| 256# The Summer Time Act, 1922 |
|
| 784Rule GB-Eire 1923 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 785Rule GB-Eire 1923 1924 - Sep Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT 786Rule GB-Eire 1924 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 787Rule GB-Eire 1925 1926 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 788# The Summer Time Act, 1925 789Rule GB-Eire 1925 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT 790Rule GB-Eire 1927 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 791Rule GB-Eire 1928 1929 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST --- 71 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 863# Summer Time Order, 1989 (S.I. 1989/985) 864# Summer Time Order, 1992 (S.I. 1992/1729) 865# Summer Time Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2798) 866Rule GB-Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u 0 GMT 867# Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982) 868# See EU for rules starting in 1996. 869 870# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] | 257Rule GB-Eire 1923 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 258Rule GB-Eire 1923 1924 - Sep Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT 259Rule GB-Eire 1924 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 260Rule GB-Eire 1925 1926 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 261# The Summer Time Act, 1925 262Rule GB-Eire 1925 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT 263Rule GB-Eire 1927 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 264Rule GB-Eire 1928 1929 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST --- 71 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 336# Summer Time Order, 1989 (S.I. 1989/985) 337# Summer Time Order, 1992 (S.I. 1992/1729) 338# Summer Time Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2798) 339Rule GB-Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u 0 GMT 340# Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982) 341# See EU for rules starting in 1996. 342 343# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| 871Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Sep 22 | 344Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Dec 1 |
| 872 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27 873 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 874 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996 875 0:00 EU GMT/BST 876Zone Europe/Belfast -0:23:40 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 877 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 # Dublin MT 878 -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s # Irish Summer Time 879 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27 --- 64 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 944Rule E-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 945Rule E-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 946Rule E-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 947 948# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 949Rule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 MST # Moscow Summer Time 950Rule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 MMT # Moscow Mean Time 951Rule Russia 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 MDST # Moscow Double Summer Time | 345 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27 346 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 347 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996 348 0:00 EU GMT/BST 349Zone Europe/Belfast -0:23:40 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 350 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 # Dublin MT 351 -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s # Irish Summer Time 352 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27 --- 64 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 417Rule E-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 418Rule E-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 419Rule E-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 420 421# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 422Rule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 MST # Moscow Summer Time 423Rule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 MMT # Moscow Mean Time 424Rule Russia 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 MDST # Moscow Double Summer Time |
| 952Rule Russia 1918 only - Sep 17 0:00 1:00 MST | 425Rule Russia 1918 only - Sep 16 1:00 1:00 MST |
| 953Rule Russia 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 MDST 954Rule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 S 955Rule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 - 956Rule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S | 426Rule Russia 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 MDST 427Rule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 S 428Rule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 - 429Rule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S |
| 957# Shanks gives 1921 Mar 21 for the following transition. 958# From Andrey A. Chernov <ache@astral.msk.su> (1993-11-12): 959# My sources says, that it is Mar 20, not 21. | |
| 960Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 M # Midsummer 961Rule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 S 962Rule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 963# Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1980-10-24): 964Rule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 965Rule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 966# Act No.967 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1984-09-13), repeated in 967# Act No.227 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1989-03-14): --- 66 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1034Rule Albania 1982 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S 1035Rule Albania 1982 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 1036Rule Albania 1983 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 S 1037Rule Albania 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1038Rule Albania 1984 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 1039# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1040Zone Europe/Tirane 1:19:20 - LMT 1914 1041 1:00 - CET 1940 Jun 16 | 430Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 M # Midsummer 431Rule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 S 432Rule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 433# Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1980-10-24): 434Rule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 435Rule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 436# Act No.967 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1984-09-13), repeated in 437# Act No.227 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1989-03-14): --- 66 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 504Rule Albania 1982 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S 505Rule Albania 1982 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 506Rule Albania 1983 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 S 507Rule Albania 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 508Rule Albania 1984 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 509# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 510Zone Europe/Tirane 1:19:20 - LMT 1914 511 1:00 - CET 1940 Jun 16 |
| 1042# The following transition is from Shanks's 4th edition (1995). | |
| 1043 1:00 Albania CE%sT 1984 Jul 1044 1:00 EU CE%sT 1045 1046# Andorra 1047# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1048Zone Europe/Andorra 0:06:04 - LMT 1901 1049 0:00 - WET 1946 Sep 30 1050 1:00 - CET 1985 Mar 31 2:00 --- 13 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1064Zone Europe/Vienna 1:05:20 - LMT 1893 Apr 1065 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Jun 16 3:00 1066 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1940 Apr 1 2:00 1067 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 1068 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1981 1069 1:00 EU CE%sT 1070 1071# Belarus | 512 1:00 Albania CE%sT 1984 Jul 513 1:00 EU CE%sT 514 515# Andorra 516# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 517Zone Europe/Andorra 0:06:04 - LMT 1901 518 0:00 - WET 1946 Sep 30 519 1:00 - CET 1985 Mar 31 2:00 --- 13 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 533Zone Europe/Vienna 1:05:20 - LMT 1893 Apr 534 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Jun 16 3:00 535 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1940 Apr 1 2:00 536 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 537 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1981 538 1:00 EU CE%sT 539 540# Belarus |
| 1072# Transitions before 1991 are from Shanks (1995). | |
| 1073# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1074Zone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880 1075 1:50 - MMT 1924 May 2 # Minsk Mean Time 1076 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 1077 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 28 1078 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul 3 | 541# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 542Zone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880 543 1:50 - MMT 1924 May 2 # Minsk Mean Time 544 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 545 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 28 546 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul 3 |
| 1079 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s | 547 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 548 3:00 - MSK 1991 Mar 31 2:00s |
| 1080 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s | 549 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s |
| 1081 2:00 - EET 1992 Mar 29 2:00s 1082 2:00 1:00 EEST 1992 Sep 27 2:00s | 550 2:00 - EET 1992 Mar 29 0:00s 551 2:00 1:00 EEST 1992 Sep 27 0:00s |
| 1083 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1084 1085# Belgium 1086# 1087# From Paul Eggert (1997-07-02): 1088# Entries from 1918 through 1991 are taken from: 1089# Annuaire de L'Observatoire Royal de Belgique, 1090# Avenue Circulaire, 3, B-1180 BRUXELLES, CLVIIe annee, 1991 --- 54 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1145 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 3 1146 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977 1147 1:00 EU CE%sT 1148 1149# Bosnia and Herzegovina 1150# see Yugoslavia 1151 1152# Bulgaria | 552 2:00 Russia EE%sT 553 554# Belgium 555# 556# From Paul Eggert (1997-07-02): 557# Entries from 1918 through 1991 are taken from: 558# Annuaire de L'Observatoire Royal de Belgique, 559# Avenue Circulaire, 3, B-1180 BRUXELLES, CLVIIe annee, 1991 --- 54 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 614 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 3 615 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977 616 1:00 EU CE%sT 617 618# Bosnia and Herzegovina 619# see Yugoslavia 620 621# Bulgaria |
| 622# 623# From Plamen Simenov <P.Simeonov@cnsys.bg> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 624# A document of Government of Bulgaria (No.94/1997) says: 625# EET --> EETDST is in 03:00 Local time in last Sunday of March ... 626# EETDST --> EET is in 04:00 Local time in last Sunday of October 627# |
|
| 1153# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1154Rule Bulg 1979 only - Mar 31 23:00 1:00 S 1155Rule Bulg 1979 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 1156Rule Bulg 1980 1982 - Apr Sat<=7 23:00 1:00 S 1157Rule Bulg 1980 only - Sep 29 1:00 0 - 1158Rule Bulg 1981 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 - 1159# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1160Zone Europe/Sofia 1:33:16 - LMT 1880 1161 1:56:56 - IMT 1894 Nov 30 # Istanbul MT? 1162 2:00 - EET 1942 Nov 2 3:00 1163 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 3:00 1164 2:00 - EET 1979 Mar 31 23:00 1165 2:00 Bulg EE%sT 1982 Sep 26 2:00 1166 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 | 628# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 629Rule Bulg 1979 only - Mar 31 23:00 1:00 S 630Rule Bulg 1979 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 631Rule Bulg 1980 1982 - Apr Sat<=7 23:00 1:00 S 632Rule Bulg 1980 only - Sep 29 1:00 0 - 633Rule Bulg 1981 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 - 634# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 635Zone Europe/Sofia 1:33:16 - LMT 1880 636 1:56:56 - IMT 1894 Nov 30 # Istanbul MT? 637 2:00 - EET 1942 Nov 2 3:00 638 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 3:00 639 2:00 - EET 1979 Mar 31 23:00 640 2:00 Bulg EE%sT 1982 Sep 26 2:00 641 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 |
| 1167 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT | 642 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 643 2:00 EU EE%sT |
| 1168 1169# Croatia 1170# see Yugosloavia 1171 1172# Czech Republic | 644 645# Croatia 646# see Yugosloavia 647 648# Czech Republic |
| 1173# Gregorian calendar adopted 1584-01-17. | |
| 1174# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1175Rule Czech 1945 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S 1176Rule Czech 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - 1177Rule Czech 1946 only - May 6 2:00s 1:00 S 1178Rule Czech 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 1179Rule Czech 1947 only - Apr 20 2:00s 1:00 S 1180Rule Czech 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 1181Rule Czech 1949 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 S 1182# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1183Zone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850 1184 0:57:44 - PMT 1891 Oct # Prague Mean Time 1185 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 17 2:00s 1186 1:00 Czech CE%sT 1979 1187 1:00 EU CE%sT 1188 1189# Denmark, Faeroe Islands, and Greenland | 649# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 650Rule Czech 1945 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S 651Rule Czech 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - 652Rule Czech 1946 only - May 6 2:00s 1:00 S 653Rule Czech 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 654Rule Czech 1947 only - Apr 20 2:00s 1:00 S 655Rule Czech 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 656Rule Czech 1949 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 S 657# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 658Zone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850 659 0:57:44 - PMT 1891 Oct # Prague Mean Time 660 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 17 2:00s 661 1:00 Czech CE%sT 1979 662 1:00 EU CE%sT 663 664# Denmark, Faeroe Islands, and Greenland |
| 1190# Gregorian calendar adopted 1700-03-01. | |
| 1191# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1192Rule Denmark 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S 1193Rule Denmark 1916 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 - 1194Rule Denmark 1940 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 1195Rule Denmark 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 1196Rule Denmark 1945 only - Aug 15 2:00s 0 - 1197Rule Denmark 1946 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 S 1198Rule Denmark 1946 only - Sep 1 2:00s 0 - --- 61 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1260# </a> 1261# refers to the Eighth Directive and cites the association agreement between 1262# the EU and Estonia, ratified by the Estonian law (RT II 1995, 22--27, 120). 1263# 1264# I also asked [my relative] whether they use any standard abbreviation 1265# for their standard and summer times. He says no, they use "suveaeg" 1266# (summer time) and "talveaeg" (winter time). 1267 | 665# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 666Rule Denmark 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S 667Rule Denmark 1916 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 - 668Rule Denmark 1940 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 669Rule Denmark 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 670Rule Denmark 1945 only - Aug 15 2:00s 0 - 671Rule Denmark 1946 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 S 672Rule Denmark 1946 only - Sep 1 2:00s 0 - --- 61 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 734# </a> 735# refers to the Eighth Directive and cites the association agreement between 736# the EU and Estonia, ratified by the Estonian law (RT II 1995, 22--27, 120). 737# 738# I also asked [my relative] whether they use any standard abbreviation 739# for their standard and summer times. He says no, they use "suveaeg" 740# (summer time) and "talveaeg" (winter time). 741 |
| 742# From <a href="http://www.baltictimes.com/">The Baltic Times</a> (1999-09-09) 743# via Steffen Thorsen: 744# This year will mark the last time Estonia shifts to summer time, 745# a council of the ruling coalition announced Sept. 6.... 746# But what this could mean for Estonia's chances of joining the European 747# Union are still unclear. In 1994, the EU declared summer time compulsory 748# for all member states until 2001. Brussels has yet to decide what to do 749# after that. 750 751# From Mart Oruaas (2000-01-29): 752# Regulation no. 301 (1999-10-12) obsoletes previous regulation 753# no. 206 (1998-09-22) and thus sticks Estonia to +02:00 GMT for all 754# the year round. The regulation is effective 1999-11-01. 755 |
|
| 1268# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1269Zone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880 1270 1:39:00 - TMT 1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time 1271 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1919 Jul 1272 1:39:00 - TMT 1921 May 1273 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 6 1274 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 15 1275 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 22 1276 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 1277 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep 24 2:00s 1278 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 Sep 22 | 756# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 757Zone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880 758 1:39:00 - TMT 1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time 759 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1919 Jul 760 1:39:00 - TMT 1921 May 761 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 6 762 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 15 763 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 22 764 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 765 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep 24 2:00s 766 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 Sep 22 |
| 1279 2:00 EU EE%sT | 767 2:00 EU EE%sT 1999 Nov 1 768 2:00 - EET |
| 1280 1281# Finland | 769 770# Finland |
| 1282# See Sweden for when the Gregorian calendar was adopted. | |
| 1283# 1284# From Hannu Strang <chs@apu.fi> (25 Sep 1994 06:03:37 UTC): 1285# Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one, 1286# and it's supposed to change at 4am... 1287# 1288# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (25 Sep 1994): 1289# Shanks says Finland has switched at 02:00 standard time since 1981. 1290# Go with Strang instead. 1291# 1292# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1293Rule Finland 1942 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 1294Rule Finland 1942 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 1295# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1296Zone Europe/Helsinki 1:39:52 - LMT 1878 May 31 1297 1:39:52 - HMT 1921 May # Helsinki Mean Time 1298 2:00 Finland EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00 1299 2:00 EU EE%sT 1300 1301# France | 771# 772# From Hannu Strang <chs@apu.fi> (25 Sep 1994 06:03:37 UTC): 773# Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one, 774# and it's supposed to change at 4am... 775# 776# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (25 Sep 1994): 777# Shanks says Finland has switched at 02:00 standard time since 1981. 778# Go with Strang instead. 779# 780# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 781Rule Finland 1942 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 782Rule Finland 1942 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 783# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 784Zone Europe/Helsinki 1:39:52 - LMT 1878 May 31 785 1:39:52 - HMT 1921 May # Helsinki Mean Time 786 2:00 Finland EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00 787 2:00 EU EE%sT 788 789# France |
| 1302# Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-12-20. 1303# French Revolutionary calendar used 1793-11-24 through 1805-12-31, 1304# and (in Paris only) 1871-05-06 through 1871-05-23. | |
| 1305# 1306# Shanks seems to use `24:00' ambiguously; we resolve it with Whitman. | 790# 791# Shanks seems to use `24:00' ambiguously; we resolve it with Whitman. |
| 1307# From Shanks (1991): | |
| 1308# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1309Rule France 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S 1310Rule France 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - 1311Rule France 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S 1312Rule France 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S 1313Rule France 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 1314Rule France 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 1315Rule France 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - --- 71 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1387Rule Germany 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 1388# Shanks says 05-24 2:00 to 09-24 3:00 for DDST; go with the PTB, who quotes 1389# the Archiv fuer publizist. Arbeit (Munzinger-Archiv) 652 (Zeitsystem) 1390# (1961-11-25), which gives dates only. Guess 3:00 transition times. 1391Rule Germany 1945 only - May 31 3:00 2:00 M # Midsummer 1392Rule Germany 1945 only - Sep 23 3:00 1:00 S 1393Rule Germany 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - 1394Rule Germany 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S | 792# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 793Rule France 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S 794Rule France 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - 795Rule France 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S 796Rule France 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S 797Rule France 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 798Rule France 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 799Rule France 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - --- 71 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 871Rule Germany 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 872# Shanks says 05-24 2:00 to 09-24 3:00 for DDST; go with the PTB, who quotes 873# the Archiv fuer publizist. Arbeit (Munzinger-Archiv) 652 (Zeitsystem) 874# (1961-11-25), which gives dates only. Guess 3:00 transition times. 875Rule Germany 1945 only - May 31 3:00 2:00 M # Midsummer 876Rule Germany 1945 only - Sep 23 3:00 1:00 S 877Rule Germany 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - 878Rule Germany 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 1395# Shanks gives 1946-10-06; go with the PTB. | |
| 1396Rule Germany 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - 1397Rule Germany 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 1398Rule Germany 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S 1399# The PTB gives 3:00 CET and 3:00 CEST for the midsummer transition times; 1400# go with Shanks. 1401Rule Germany 1947 only - May 11 2:00s 2:00 M 1402Rule Germany 1947 only - Jun 29 3:00 1:00 S 1403Rule Germany 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S --- 42 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1446 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1941 Apr 30 1447 1:00 Greece CE%sT 1944 Apr 4 1448 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1981 1449 # Shanks says they switched to C-Eur in 1981; 1450 # go with EU instead, since Greece joined it on Jan 1. 1451 2:00 EU EE%sT 1452 1453# Hungary | 879Rule Germany 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - 880Rule Germany 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 881Rule Germany 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S 882# The PTB gives 3:00 CET and 3:00 CEST for the midsummer transition times; 883# go with Shanks. 884Rule Germany 1947 only - May 11 2:00s 2:00 M 885Rule Germany 1947 only - Jun 29 3:00 1:00 S 886Rule Germany 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S --- 42 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 929 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1941 Apr 30 930 1:00 Greece CE%sT 1944 Apr 4 931 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1981 932 # Shanks says they switched to C-Eur in 1981; 933 # go with EU instead, since Greece joined it on Jan 1. 934 2:00 EU EE%sT 935 936# Hungary |
| 1454# Gregorian calendar adopted 1587-11-01. | |
| 1455# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1456Rule Hungary 1918 only - Apr 1 3:00 1:00 S 1457Rule Hungary 1918 only - Sep 29 3:00 0 - 1458Rule Hungary 1919 only - Apr 15 3:00 1:00 S 1459Rule Hungary 1919 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 - 1460Rule Hungary 1920 only - Apr 5 3:00 1:00 S 1461Rule Hungary 1920 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 1462Rule Hungary 1945 only - May 1 23:00 1:00 S --- 42 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1505# beginning of winter, which ties it to the ecclesiastical calendar (and thus 1506# to the julian/gregorian calendar) over the period in question. 1507# the winter begins on the Saturday next before St. Luke's day 1508# (old style), or on St. Luke's day, if a Saturday. 1509# St. Luke's day ought to be traceable from ecclesiastical sources. "old style" 1510# might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it 1511# might mean something else (???). 1512# | 937# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 938Rule Hungary 1918 only - Apr 1 3:00 1:00 S 939Rule Hungary 1918 only - Sep 29 3:00 0 - 940Rule Hungary 1919 only - Apr 15 3:00 1:00 S 941Rule Hungary 1919 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 - 942Rule Hungary 1920 only - Apr 5 3:00 1:00 S 943Rule Hungary 1920 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 944Rule Hungary 1945 only - May 1 23:00 1:00 S --- 42 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 987# beginning of winter, which ties it to the ecclesiastical calendar (and thus 988# to the julian/gregorian calendar) over the period in question. 989# the winter begins on the Saturday next before St. Luke's day 990# (old style), or on St. Luke's day, if a Saturday. 991# St. Luke's day ought to be traceable from ecclesiastical sources. "old style" 992# might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it 993# might mean something else (???). 994# |
| 1513# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1993-12-09): | 995# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-10-29): |
| 1514# The Iceland Almanak, Shanks and Whitman disagree on many points. 1515# We go with the Almanak, except for one claim from Shanks, namely that | 996# The Iceland Almanak, Shanks and Whitman disagree on many points. 997# We go with the Almanak, except for one claim from Shanks, namely that |
| 1516# Reykavik was -1:28 from 1837 to 1908, local mean time before that. | 998# Reykavik was 21W57 from 1837 to 1908, local mean time before that. |
| 1517# 1518# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1519Rule Iceland 1917 1918 - Feb 19 23:00 1:00 S 1520Rule Iceland 1917 only - Oct 21 1:00 0 - 1521Rule Iceland 1918 only - Nov 16 1:00 0 - 1522Rule Iceland 1939 only - Apr 29 23:00 1:00 S 1523Rule Iceland 1939 only - Nov 29 2:00 0 - 1524Rule Iceland 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S --- 13 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1538Rule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 - 1539# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1540Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:27:24 - LMT 1837 1541 -1:27:48 - RMT 1908 # Reykjavik Mean Time? 1542 -1:00 Iceland IS%sT 1968 Apr 7 1:00s 1543 0:00 - GMT 1544 1545# Italy | 999# 1000# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1001Rule Iceland 1917 1918 - Feb 19 23:00 1:00 S 1002Rule Iceland 1917 only - Oct 21 1:00 0 - 1003Rule Iceland 1918 only - Nov 16 1:00 0 - 1004Rule Iceland 1939 only - Apr 29 23:00 1:00 S 1005Rule Iceland 1939 only - Nov 29 2:00 0 - 1006Rule Iceland 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S --- 13 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1020Rule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 - 1021# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1022Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:27:24 - LMT 1837 1023 -1:27:48 - RMT 1908 # Reykjavik Mean Time? 1024 -1:00 Iceland IS%sT 1968 Apr 7 1:00s 1025 0:00 - GMT 1026 1027# Italy |
| 1546# Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-10-15. | |
| 1547# 1548# From Paul Eggert (1996-05-06): 1549# For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks, Whitman, and F. Pollastri 1550# <a href="http://pisolo.cstv.to.cnr.it/toi/uk/ienitlt.html"> 1551# Day-light Saving Time in Italy (1996-03-14) 1552# </a> 1553# (`FP' below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute 1554# publication. When the three sources disagree, guess who's right, as follows: --- 95 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1650# daylight saving time is performed on the last Sunday of September at 03:00 1651# (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour backward. Exception is 1652# 1989-03-26, when we must not turn the hands of the clock.... 1653# 1654# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Latvia of 1655# 1997-01-21 on transition to Summer time ... established the same order of 1656# daylight savings time settings as in the States of the European Union. 1657 | 1028# 1029# From Paul Eggert (1996-05-06): 1030# For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks, Whitman, and F. Pollastri 1031# <a href="http://pisolo.cstv.to.cnr.it/toi/uk/ienitlt.html"> 1032# Day-light Saving Time in Italy (1996-03-14) 1033# </a> 1034# (`FP' below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute 1035# publication. When the three sources disagree, guess who's right, as follows: --- 95 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1131# daylight saving time is performed on the last Sunday of September at 03:00 1132# (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour backward. Exception is 1133# 1989-03-26, when we must not turn the hands of the clock.... 1134# 1135# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Latvia of 1136# 1997-01-21 on transition to Summer time ... established the same order of 1137# daylight savings time settings as in the States of the European Union. 1138 |
| 1139# From Andrei Ivanov (2000-03-06): 1140# This year Latvia will not switch to Daylight Savings Time (as specified in 1141# <a href="http://www.lv-laiks.lv/wwwraksti/2000/071072/vd4.htm"> 1142# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Rep. of Latvia of 1143# 29-Feb-2000 (#79)</a>, in Latvian for subscribers only). 1144 |
|
| 1658# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1659Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 1660Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 1661# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1662Zone Europe/Riga 1:36:24 - LMT 1880 1663 1:36:24 - RMT 1918 Apr 15 2:00 #Riga Mean Time 1664 1:36:24 1:00 LST 1918 Sep 16 3:00 #Latvian Summer 1665 1:36:24 - RMT 1919 Apr 1 2:00 1666 1:36:24 1:00 LST 1919 May 22 3:00 1667 1:36:24 - RMT 1926 May 11 1668 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 5 1669 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jul 1670 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 13 | 1145# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1146Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 1147Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 1148# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1149Zone Europe/Riga 1:36:24 - LMT 1880 1150 1:36:24 - RMT 1918 Apr 15 2:00 #Riga Mean Time 1151 1:36:24 1:00 LST 1918 Sep 16 3:00 #Latvian Summer 1152 1:36:24 - RMT 1919 Apr 1 2:00 1153 1:36:24 1:00 LST 1919 May 22 3:00 1154 1:36:24 - RMT 1926 May 11 1155 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 5 1156 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jul 1157 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 13 |
| 1671 # Shanks says 1944-08-08, but 1672 # Riga fell to the Red Army on 1944-10-13. | |
| 1673 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar lastSun 2:00s 1674 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep lastSun 2:00s 1675 2:00 Latvia EE%sT 1997 Jan 21 | 1158 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar lastSun 2:00s 1159 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep lastSun 2:00s 1160 2:00 Latvia EE%sT 1997 Jan 21 |
| 1676 2:00 EU EE%sT | 1161 2:00 EU EE%sT 2000 Feb 29 1162 2:00 - EET |
| 1677 1678# Liechtenstein 1679# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1680Zone Europe/Vaduz 0:38:04 - LMT 1894 Jun 1681 1:00 - CET 1981 1682 1:00 EU CE%sT 1683 1684# Lithuania | 1163 1164# Liechtenstein 1165# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1166Zone Europe/Vaduz 0:38:04 - LMT 1894 Jun 1167 1:00 - CET 1981 1168 1:00 EU CE%sT 1169 1170# Lithuania |
| 1171 1172# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 1173# IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is 1174# known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it's wrong here too. 1175 1176# From Marius Gedminas <mgedmin@pub.osf.lt> (1998-08-07): 1177# I would like to inform that in this year Lithuanian time zone 1178# (Europe/Vilnius) was changed. 1179 1180# From <a href="http://www.elta.lt/">ELTA</a> No. 972 (2582) (1999-09-29), 1181# via Steffen Thorsen: 1182# Lithuania has shifted back to the second time zone (GMT plus two hours) 1183# to be valid here starting from October 31, 1184# as decided by the national government on Wednesday.... 1185# The Lithuanian government also announced plans to consider a 1186# motion to give up shifting to summer time in spring, as it was 1187# already done by Estonia. 1188 |
|
| 1685# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1686Zone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880 1687 1:24:00 - WMT 1917 # Warsaw Mean Time 1688 1:35:36 - KMT 1919 Oct 10 # Kaunas Mean Time 1689 1:00 - CET 1920 Jul 12 1690 2:00 - EET 1920 Oct 9 1691 1:00 - CET 1940 Aug 3 1692 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 24 1693 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 1694 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1695 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 1696 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 1697 2:00 - EET 1998 Mar 29 1:00u | 1189# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1190Zone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880 1191 1:24:00 - WMT 1917 # Warsaw Mean Time 1192 1:35:36 - KMT 1919 Oct 10 # Kaunas Mean Time 1193 1:00 - CET 1920 Jul 12 1194 2:00 - EET 1920 Oct 9 1195 1:00 - CET 1940 Aug 3 1196 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 24 1197 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 1198 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1199 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 1200 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 1201 2:00 - EET 1998 Mar 29 1:00u |
| 1698 1:00 EU CE%sT 1699# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 1700# IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is 1701# known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it's wrong here too. | 1202 1:00 EU CE%sT 1999 Oct 31 1:00u 1203 2:00 EU EE%sT |
| 1702 | 1204 |
| 1703# From Marius Gedminas <mgedmin@pub.osf.lt> (1998-08-07): 1704# I would like to inform that in this year Lithuanian time zone 1705# (Europe/Vilnius) was changed. 1706 | |
| 1707# Luxembourg 1708# Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways; go with Shanks. 1709# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1710Rule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S 1711Rule Lux 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 1712Rule Lux 1917 only - Apr 28 23:00 1:00 S 1713Rule Lux 1917 only - Sep 17 1:00 0 - 1714Rule Lux 1918 only - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S --- 41 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1756 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s 1757 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s 1758 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1973 Mar 31 1759 1:00 Malta CE%sT 1981 1760 1:00 EU CE%sT 1761 1762# Moldova 1763# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] | 1205# Luxembourg 1206# Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways; go with Shanks. 1207# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1208Rule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S 1209Rule Lux 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 1210Rule Lux 1917 only - Apr 28 23:00 1:00 S 1211Rule Lux 1917 only - Sep 17 1:00 0 - 1212Rule Lux 1918 only - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S --- 41 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1254 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s 1255 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s 1256 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1973 Mar 31 1257 1:00 Malta CE%sT 1981 1258 1:00 EU CE%sT 1259 1260# Moldova 1261# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| 1764Zone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1924 May 2 1765 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 1766 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1767 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 1768 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT | 1262Zone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1880 1263 1:55 - CMT 1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT 1264 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT 1265 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1940 Aug 15 1266 2:00 1:00 EEST 1941 Jul 17 1267 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 24 1268 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 1269 3:00 - MSK 1990 May 6 1270 2:00 - EET 1991 1271 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 1272 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 1273# See Romania commentary for the guessed 1997 transition to EU rules. 1274 2:00 EU EE%sT 1275Zone Europe/Tiraspol 1:58:32 - LMT 1880 1276 1:55 - CMT 1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT 1277 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT 1278 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1940 Aug 15 1279 2:00 1:00 EEST 1941 Jul 17 1280 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 24 1281 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00 1282 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00 1283 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD |
| 1769 1770# Monaco 1771# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's more precise 0:09:21. 1772# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1773Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 1774 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 1775 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 1776 1:00 France CE%sT 1977 1777 1:00 EU CE%sT 1778 1779# Netherlands 1780# Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940, 1781# but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time. 1782# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S | 1284 1285# Monaco 1286# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's more precise 0:09:21. 1287# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1288Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 1289 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 1290 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 1291 1:00 France CE%sT 1977 1292 1:00 EU CE%sT 1293 1294# Netherlands 1295# Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940, 1296# but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time. 1297# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
| 1783# Shanks gives 1916 May 1 0:00 and 1916 Oct 1 0:00; go with Whitman. | 1298# Shanks gives 1916 Apr 30 24:00 and 1916 Oct 1 00:00; go with Whitman. |
| 1784Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time 1785Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time 1786Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST 1787Rule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT 1788# Whitman gives 1918 Apr 14, 1918 Oct 31, and 1921 Sep 28; go with Shanks. 1789Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST 1790Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep Mon>=24 2:00s 0 AMT 1791Rule Neth 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 NST --- 9 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1801Rule Neth 1933 1936 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST 1802Rule Neth 1937 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST 1803Rule Neth 1937 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S 1804Rule Neth 1937 1939 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 - 1805# Whitman gives 1939 Apr 15 and 1940 Apr 19; go with Shanks. 1806Rule Neth 1938 1939 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 S 1807Rule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 1808Rule Neth 1945 only - May 20 2:00s 0 - | 1299Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time 1300Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time 1301Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST 1302Rule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT 1303# Whitman gives 1918 Apr 14, 1918 Oct 31, and 1921 Sep 28; go with Shanks. 1304Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST 1305Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep Mon>=24 2:00s 0 AMT 1306Rule Neth 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 NST --- 9 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1316Rule Neth 1933 1936 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST 1317Rule Neth 1937 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST 1318Rule Neth 1937 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S 1319Rule Neth 1937 1939 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 - 1320# Whitman gives 1939 Apr 15 and 1940 Apr 19; go with Shanks. 1321Rule Neth 1938 1939 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 S 1322Rule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 1323Rule Neth 1945 only - May 20 2:00s 0 - |
| 1809# Before 1937, Shanks says just `0:20'; we use Whitman's more precise figure. | |
| 1810# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1811Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:28 - LMT 1892 May 1812 0:19:28 Neth %s 1937 Jul 1813 0:20 Neth NE%sT 1940 May 16 0:40 1814 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 1815 1:00 Neth CE%sT 1977 1816 1:00 EU CE%sT 1817 1818# Norway | 1324# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1325Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:28 - LMT 1892 May 1326 0:19:28 Neth %s 1937 Jul 1327 0:20 Neth NE%sT 1940 May 16 0:40 1328 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 1329 1:00 Neth CE%sT 1977 1330 1:00 EU CE%sT 1331 1332# Norway |
| 1819# Gregorian calendar adopted 1700-03-01. | |
| 1820# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1821# Whitman gives 1916 May 21 - 1916 Oct 21; go with Shanks. 1822Rule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 S 1823Rule Norway 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 1824# Whitman says DST observed 1935-08-11/1942-11-01, then 1943-03-29/10-04, 1825# 1944-04-03/10-02, and 1945-04-01/10-01; go with Shanks. 1826Rule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 1827Rule Norway 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - --- 39 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1867# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1868Zone Europe/Warsaw 1:24:00 - LMT 1880 1869 1:24:00 - WMT 1915 Aug 5 # Warsaw Mean Time 1870 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Sep 16 3:00 1871 2:00 Poland EE%sT 1922 Jun 1872 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1940 Jun 23 2:00 1873 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 1874 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1977 Apr 3 1:00 | 1333# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1334# Whitman gives 1916 May 21 - 1916 Oct 21; go with Shanks. 1335Rule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 S 1336Rule Norway 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 1337# Whitman says DST observed 1935-08-11/1942-11-01, then 1943-03-29/10-04, 1338# 1944-04-03/10-02, and 1945-04-01/10-01; go with Shanks. 1339Rule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 1340Rule Norway 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - --- 39 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1380# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1381Zone Europe/Warsaw 1:24:00 - LMT 1880 1382 1:24:00 - WMT 1915 Aug 5 # Warsaw Mean Time 1383 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Sep 16 3:00 1384 2:00 Poland EE%sT 1922 Jun 1385 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1940 Jun 23 2:00 1386 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 1387 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1977 Apr 3 1:00 |
| 1875 1:00 W-Eur CE%sT | 1388 1:00 W-Eur CE%sT 1999 |
| 1876# IATA SSIM (1991/1996) gives EU rules, but the _The Warsaw Voice_ | 1389# IATA SSIM (1991/1996) gives EU rules, but the _The Warsaw Voice_ |
| 1877# <a href="http://www.contact.waw.pl/voice/v361/NewsInBrief.shtml"> 1878# http://www.contact.waw.pl/voice/v361/NewsInBrief.shtml (1995-09-24) | 1390# <a href="http://www.warsawvoice.com.pl/v361/NewsInBrief.shtml"> 1391# http://www.warsawvoice.com/pl/v361/NewsInBrief.shtml (1995-09-24) |
| 1879# </a> 1880# says the autumn 1995 switch was at 02:00. 1881# Stick with W-Eur for now. | 1392# </a> 1393# says the autumn 1995 switch was at 02:00. 1394# Stick with W-Eur for now. |
| 1395# 1396# From Marcin.Kasperski@softax.com.pl (1999-06-10): 1397# According to my colleagues someone recently decided, that Poland would 1398# follow European Union regulations, so - I think - the matter is not 1399# worth further discussion. 1400# 1401# From Paul Eggert (1999-06-10): 1402# Kasperski also writes that the government futzed with the rules in 1997 1403# or 1998 but he doesn't remember the details. Assume they switched to 1404# EU rules in 1999. 1405 1:00 EU CE%sT |
|
| 1882 1883# Portugal | 1406 1407# Portugal |
| 1884# Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-10-15. | |
| 1885# 1886# From Rui Pedro Salgueiro <rps@inescca.inescc.pt> (1992-11-12): 1887# Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone 1888# (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC. 1889# 1890# Martin Bruckmann <martin@ua.pt> (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve 1891# that Portugal is reverting to 0:00 by not moving its clocks this spring. 1892# The new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter. --- 88 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1981 -1:00 EU AZO%sT 1982Zone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal 1983 -1:08 - FMT 1911 May 24 # Funchal Mean Time 1984 -1:00 Port MAD%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Madeira Time 1985 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 1986 0:00 EU WE%sT 1987 1988# Romania | 1408# 1409# From Rui Pedro Salgueiro <rps@inescca.inescc.pt> (1992-11-12): 1410# Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone 1411# (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC. 1412# 1413# Martin Bruckmann <martin@ua.pt> (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve 1414# that Portugal is reverting to 0:00 by not moving its clocks this spring. 1415# The new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter. --- 88 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1504 -1:00 EU AZO%sT 1505Zone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal 1506 -1:08 - FMT 1911 May 24 # Funchal Mean Time 1507 -1:00 Port MAD%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Madeira Time 1508 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 1509 0:00 EU WE%sT 1510 1511# Romania |
| 1512# 1513# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-07): 1514# <a href="http://www.nineoclock.ro/POL/1778pol.html"> 1515# Nine O'clock</a> (1998-10-23) reports that the switch occurred at 1516# 04:00 local time in fall 1998. For lack of better info, 1517# assume that Romania and Moldova switched to EU rules in 1997, 1518# the same year as Bulgaria. 1519# |
|
| 1989# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1990Rule Romania 1932 only - May 21 0:00s 1:00 S 1991Rule Romania 1932 1939 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 - 1992Rule Romania 1933 1939 - Apr Sun>=2 0:00s 1:00 S 1993Rule Romania 1979 only - May 27 0:00 1:00 S 1994Rule Romania 1979 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1995Rule Romania 1980 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S 1996Rule Romania 1980 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - 1997Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S 1998Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 1999# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2000Zone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct 2001 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT 2002 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00s 2003 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 2004 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1994 | 1520# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1521Rule Romania 1932 only - May 21 0:00s 1:00 S 1522Rule Romania 1932 1939 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 - 1523Rule Romania 1933 1939 - Apr Sun>=2 0:00s 1:00 S 1524Rule Romania 1979 only - May 27 0:00 1:00 S 1525Rule Romania 1979 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1526Rule Romania 1980 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S 1527Rule Romania 1980 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - 1528Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S 1529Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 1530# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1531Zone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct 1532 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT 1533 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00s 1534 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 1535 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1994 |
| 2005 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT | 1536 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 1537 2:00 EU EE%sT |
| 2006 2007# Russia 2008 | 1538 1539# Russia 1540 |
| 2009# From Chris Carrier <72157.3334@CompuServe.COM> (1996-12-02): 2010# On 1929-10-01 the Soviet Union instituted an ``Eternal Calendar'' 2011# with 30-day months plus 5 holidays, with a 5-day week. 2012# On 1931-12-01 it changed to a 6-day week; in 1934 it reverted to the 2013# Gregorian calendar while retaining the 6-day week; on 1940-06-27 it 2014# reverted to the 7-day week. With the 6-day week the usual days 2015# off were the 6th, 12th, 18th, 24th and 30th of the month. 2016# (Source: Evitiar Zerubavel, _The Seven Day Circle_) 2017# 2018# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-11-22): 2019# Except for Moscow after 1919-07-01, I invented the time zone abbreviations, 2020# and (unless otherwise specified) guessed what happened after 1991. | 1541# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-11-12): 1542# Except for Moscow after 1919-07-01, I invented the time zone abbreviations. |
| 2021# Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991, | 1543# Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991, |
| 2022# are from Andrey A. Chernov. The rest is from Shanks and the IATA. | 1544# are from Andrey A. Chernov. The rest is from Shanks, except we follow 1545# Chernov's report that 1992 DST transitions were Sat 23:00, not Sun 02:00s. |
| 2023# 2024# From Andrey A. Chernov <ache@nagual.ru> (1996-10-04): 2025# `MSK' and `MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with 2026# Unix-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group).... 2027# The next step was the UUCP network, the Relcom predecessor 2028# (used mainly for mail), and MSK/MSD was actively used there. 2029# 2030# From Chris Carrier <72157.3334@CompuServe.COM> (1996-10-30): 2031# According to a friend of mine who rode the Trans-Siberian Railroad from 2032# Moscow to Irkutsk in 1995, public air and rail transport in Russia ... 2033# still follows Moscow time, no matter where in Russia it is located. 2034# 2035# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2036Zone Europe/Kaliningrad 1:22:00 - LMT 1893 Apr 2037 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 | 1546# 1547# From Andrey A. Chernov <ache@nagual.ru> (1996-10-04): 1548# `MSK' and `MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with 1549# Unix-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group).... 1550# The next step was the UUCP network, the Relcom predecessor 1551# (used mainly for mail), and MSK/MSD was actively used there. 1552# 1553# From Chris Carrier <72157.3334@CompuServe.COM> (1996-10-30): 1554# According to a friend of mine who rode the Trans-Siberian Railroad from 1555# Moscow to Irkutsk in 1995, public air and rail transport in Russia ... 1556# still follows Moscow time, no matter where in Russia it is located. 1557# 1558# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1559Zone Europe/Kaliningrad 1:22:00 - LMT 1893 Apr 1560 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 |
| 2038 2:00 Poland CET 1946 | 1561 2:00 Poland CE%sT 1946 |
| 2039 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s | 1562 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s |
| 2040 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 2041 2:00 - EET 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2042 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1994 2043# IATA SSIM (1994-02) says Kaliningrad is at UTC+2; guess 1994 change. | |
| 2044 2:00 Russia EE%sT 2045Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:20 - LMT 1880 | 1563 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1564Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:20 - LMT 1880 |
| 2046 2:30:20 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 2:00 | 1565 2:30 - MMT 1916 Jul 3 # Moscow Mean Time 1566 2:30:48 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 2:00 |
| 2047 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1922 Oct 2048 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 2049 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s | 1567 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1922 Oct 1568 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 1569 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s |
| 2050 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 2051 2:00 - EET 1992 Jan 19 2:00s | 1570 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s |
| 2052 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD | 1571 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD |
| 2053Zone Europe/Samara 3:20:36 - LMT 1924 May 2 2054 3:00 - KUYT 1957 Mar # Kuybyshev Time 2055 4:00 Russia KUY%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2056 3:00 1:00 KUYST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 2057 3:00 - SAMT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s # Samara Time 2058 4:00 Russia SAM%sT 2059Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:34 - LMT 1924 May 2 2060 4:00 - SVET 1957 Mar # Sverdlovsk Time | 1572Zone Europe/Samara 3:20:36 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 2:00 1573 3:00 - KUYT 1930 Jun 21 # Kuybyshev 1574 4:00 Russia KUY%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 1575 3:00 Russia KUY%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1576 2:00 Russia KUY%sT 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 1577 3:00 - KUYT 1991 Oct 20 3:00 1578 4:00 Russia SAM%sT # Samara Time 1579Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:24 - LMT 1919 Jul 15 4:00 1580 4:00 - SVET 1930 Jun 21 # Sverdlovsk Time |
| 2061 5:00 Russia SVE%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s | 1581 5:00 Russia SVE%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s |
| 2062 4:00 1:00 SVEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 2063 4:00 - SVET 1992 Jan 19 2:00s | 1582 4:00 Russia SVE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s |
| 2064 5:00 Russia YEK%sT # Yekaterinburg Time | 1583 5:00 Russia YEK%sT # Yekaterinburg Time |
| 2065Zone Asia/Omsk 4:53:36 - LMT 1924 May 2 2066 5:00 - OMST 1957 Mar # Omsk Time | 1584Zone Asia/Omsk 4:53:36 - LMT 1919 Nov 14 1585 5:00 - OMST 1930 Jun 21 # Omsk TIme |
| 2067 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s | 1586 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s |
| 2068 5:00 1:00 OMSST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 2069 5:00 - OMST 1992 Jan 19 2:00s | 1587 5:00 Russia OMS%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s |
| 2070 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 2071# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski <S.A.Kuz@iae.nsk.su> (1994-06-29): 2072# But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow! 2073# I do not know why they have decided to make this change; 2074# as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching 2075# so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch. | 1588 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 1589# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski <S.A.Kuz@iae.nsk.su> (1994-06-29): 1590# But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow! 1591# I do not know why they have decided to make this change; 1592# as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching 1593# so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch. |
| 2076Zone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1924 May 2 2077 6:00 - NOVT 1957 Mar # Novosibirsk Time | 1594Zone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 14 6:00 1595 6:00 - NOVT 1930 Jun 21 # Novosibirsk Time |
| 2078 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s | 1596 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s |
| 2079 6:00 1:00 NOVST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 2080 6:00 - NOVT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2081 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1994 Mar 27 2:00s 2082 6:00 1:00 NOVST 1994 Sep 25 2:00s | 1597 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1598 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1993 May 23 # says Shanks |
| 2083 6:00 Russia NOV%sT | 1599 6:00 Russia NOV%sT |
| 2084Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk 6:11:20 - LMT 1924 May 2 2085 6:00 - KRAT 1957 Mar # Krasnoyarsk Time | 1600Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk 6:11:20 - LMT 1920 Jan 6 1601 6:00 - KRAT 1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time |
| 2086 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s | 1602 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s |
| 2087 6:00 1:00 KRAST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 2088 6:00 - KRAT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s | 1603 6:00 Russia KRA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s |
| 2089 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 2090Zone Asia/Irkutsk 6:57:20 - LMT 1880 | 1604 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1605Zone Asia/Irkutsk 6:57:20 - LMT 1880 |
| 2091 6:57:20 - IMT 1924 May 2 # Irkutsk Mean Time 2092 7:00 - IRKT 1957 Mar # Irkutsk Time | 1606 6:57:20 - IMT 1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time 1607 7:00 - IRKT 1930 Jun 21 # Irkutsk Time |
| 2093 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s | 1608 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s |
| 2094 7:00 1:00 IRKST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 2095 7:00 - IRKT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s | 1609 7:00 Russia IRK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s |
| 2096 8:00 Russia IRK%sT | 1610 8:00 Russia IRK%sT |
| 2097Zone Asia/Yakutsk 8:38:40 - LMT 1924 May 2 2098 8:00 - YAKT 1957 Mar # Yakutsk Time | 1611Zone Asia/Yakutsk 8:38:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 1612 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time |
| 2099 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s | 1613 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s |
| 2100 8:00 1:00 YAKST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 2101 8:00 - YAKT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s | 1614 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s |
| 2102 9:00 Russia YAK%sT | 1615 9:00 Russia YAK%sT |
| 2103Zone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:44 - LMT 1880 2104 8:47:44 - VMT 1924 May 2 # Vladivostok MT 2105 9:00 - VLAT 1957 Mar # Vladivostok Time | 1616Zone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:44 - LMT 1922 Nov 15 1617 9:00 - VLAT 1930 Jun 21 # Vladivostok Time |
| 2106 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s | 1618 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s |
| 2107 9:00 1:00 VLAST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 2108 9:00 - VLAT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s | 1619 9:00 Russia VLA%sST 1992 Jan 19 2:00s |
| 2109 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 2110Zone Asia/Magadan 10:03:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 | 1620 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 1621Zone Asia/Magadan 10:03:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 |
| 2111 10:00 - MAGT 1957 Mar # Magadan Time | 1622 10:00 - MAGT 1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time |
| 2112 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s | 1623 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s |
| 2113 10:00 1:00 MAGST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 2114 10:00 - MAGT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s | 1624 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s |
| 2115 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 2116# This name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski, but that's too long. | 1625 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1626# This name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski, but that's too long. |
| 2117Zone Asia/Kamchatka 10:34:36 - LMT 1924 May 2 2118 11:00 - PETT 1957 Mar # P-K Time | 1627Zone Asia/Kamchatka 10:34:36 - LMT 1922 Nov 10 1628 11:00 - PETT 1930 Jun 21 # P-K Time |
| 2119 12:00 Russia PET%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s | 1629 12:00 Russia PET%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s |
| 2120 11:00 1:00 PETST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 2121 11:00 - PETT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s | 1630 11:00 Russia PET%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s |
| 2122 12:00 Russia PET%sT 2123Zone Asia/Anadyr 11:49:56 - LMT 1924 May 2 | 1631 12:00 Russia PET%sT 1632Zone Asia/Anadyr 11:49:56 - LMT 1924 May 2 |
| 2124 12:00 - ANAT 1957 Mar # Anadyr Time 2125 13:00 Russia ANA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2126 12:00 1:00 ANAST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 2127 12:00 - ANAT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2128 13:00 Russia ANA%sT | 1633 12:00 - ANAT 1930 Jun 21 # Anadyr Time 1634 13:00 Russia ANA%sT 1982 Apr 1 0:00s 1635 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1636 11:00 Russia ANA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1637 12:00 Russia ANA%sT |
| 2129 2130# Slovakia 2131Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava 2132 2133# Slovenia 2134# see Yugoslavia 2135 2136# Spain | 1638 1639# Slovakia 1640Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava 1641 1642# Slovenia 1643# see Yugoslavia 1644 1645# Spain |
| 2137# Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-10-15. | |
| 2138# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2139# For 1917-1919 Whitman gives Apr Sat>=1 - Oct Sat>=1; go with Shanks. 2140Rule Spain 1917 only - May 5 23:00s 1:00 S 2141Rule Spain 1917 1919 - Oct 6 23:00s 0 - 2142Rule Spain 1918 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 2143Rule Spain 1919 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S 2144# Whitman gives 1921 Feb 28 - Oct 14; go with Shanks. 2145Rule Spain 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S --- 54 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 2200 -1:00 - CANT 1946 Sep 30 1:00 # Canaries Time 2201 0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s 2202 0:00 1:00 WEST 1980 Sep 28 0:00s 2203 0:00 EU WE%sT 2204# IATA SSIM (1996-09) says the Canaries switch at 2:00u, not 1:00u. 2205# Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU. 2206 2207# Sweden | 1646# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1647# For 1917-1919 Whitman gives Apr Sat>=1 - Oct Sat>=1; go with Shanks. 1648Rule Spain 1917 only - May 5 23:00s 1:00 S 1649Rule Spain 1917 1919 - Oct 6 23:00s 0 - 1650Rule Spain 1918 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 1651Rule Spain 1919 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S 1652# Whitman gives 1921 Feb 28 - Oct 14; go with Shanks. 1653Rule Spain 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S --- 54 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1708 -1:00 - CANT 1946 Sep 30 1:00 # Canaries Time 1709 0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s 1710 0:00 1:00 WEST 1980 Sep 28 0:00s 1711 0:00 EU WE%sT 1712# IATA SSIM (1996-09) says the Canaries switch at 2:00u, not 1:00u. 1713# Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU. 1714 1715# Sweden |
| 2208 2209# From: msb@sq.com (Mark Brader) 2210# <a href="news:1996Jul6.012937.29190@sq.com"> 2211# Subject: Re: Gregorian reform -- a part of locale? 2212# </a> 2213# Date: 1996-07-06 2214# 2215# In 1700, Denmark made the transition from Julian to Gregorian. Sweden 2216# decided to *start* a transition in 1700 as well, but rather than have one of 2217# those unsightly calendar gaps :-), they simply decreed that the next leap 2218# year after 1696 would be in 1744 -- putting the whole country on a calendar 2219# different from both Julian and Gregorian for a period of 40 years. 2220# 2221# However, in 1704 something went wrong and the plan was not carried through; 2222# they did, after all, have a leap year that year. And one in 1708. In 1712 2223# they gave it up and went back to Julian, putting 30 days in February that 2224# year!... 2225# 2226# Then in 1753, Sweden made the transition to Gregorian in the usual manner, 2227# getting there only 13 years behind the original schedule. 2228# 2229# (A previous posting of this story was challenged, and Swedish readers 2230# produced the following references to support it: "Tiderakning och historia" 2231# by Natanael Beckman (1924) and "Tid, en bok om tiderakning och 2232# kalendervasen" by Lars-Olof Lode'n (no date was given).) 2233 | |
| 2234# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2235Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1878 May 31 2236 1:12:12 - SMT 1900 Jan 1 1:00 # Stockholm MT 2237 1:00 - CET 1916 Apr 14 23:00s 2238 1:00 1:00 CEST 1916 Sep 30 23:00s 2239 1:00 - CET 1980 2240 1:00 EU CE%sT 2241 2242# Switzerland | 1716# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1717Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1878 May 31 1718 1:12:12 - SMT 1900 Jan 1 1:00 # Stockholm MT 1719 1:00 - CET 1916 Apr 14 23:00s 1720 1:00 1:00 CEST 1916 Sep 30 23:00s 1721 1:00 - CET 1980 1722 1:00 EU CE%sT 1723 1724# Switzerland |
| 2243# The Gregorian calendar was introduced gradually in Switzerland, 2244# by omitting leap years during 1583-1812. 2245# From Howse (1988), p 82: | 1725# From Howse: |
| 2246# By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace 2247# and their performance improved enormously. Communities began to keep 2248# mean time in preference to apparent time -- Geneva from 1780 .... 2249# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2250# From Whitman (who writes ``Midnight?''): 2251Rule Swiss 1940 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S 2252Rule Swiss 1940 only - Dec 31 0:00 0 - | 1726# By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace 1727# and their performance improved enormously. Communities began to keep 1728# mean time in preference to apparent time -- Geneva from 1780 .... 1729# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1730# From Whitman (who writes ``Midnight?''): 1731Rule Swiss 1940 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S 1732Rule Swiss 1940 only - Dec 31 0:00 0 - |
| 2253# From Shanks (1991): | 1733# From Shanks: |
| 2254Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 2255Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 2256# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2257Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1848 Sep 12 2258 0:29:44 - BMT 1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time 2259 1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981 2260 1:00 EU CE%sT 2261 --- 6 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 2268Rule Turkey 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 2269Rule Turkey 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 2270Rule Turkey 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 2271Rule Turkey 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 2272# Whitman gives 1923 Apr 28 - Sep 16 and no DST in 1924-1925; go with Shanks. 2273Rule Turkey 1924 only - May 13 0:00 1:00 S 2274Rule Turkey 1924 1925 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2275Rule Turkey 1925 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S | 1734Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 1735Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 1736# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1737Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1848 Sep 12 1738 0:29:44 - BMT 1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time 1739 1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981 1740 1:00 EU CE%sT 1741 --- 6 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1748Rule Turkey 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 1749Rule Turkey 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 1750Rule Turkey 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 1751Rule Turkey 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 1752# Whitman gives 1923 Apr 28 - Sep 16 and no DST in 1924-1925; go with Shanks. 1753Rule Turkey 1924 only - May 13 0:00 1:00 S 1754Rule Turkey 1924 1925 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1755Rule Turkey 1925 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S |
| 2276# Shanks omits the first two transitions in 1940; go with Whitman. | |
| 2277Rule Turkey 1940 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 S 2278Rule Turkey 1940 only - Oct 5 0:00 0 - 2279Rule Turkey 1940 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S 2280Rule Turkey 1941 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 2281Rule Turkey 1942 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2282# Whitman omits the next two transition and gives 1945 Oct 1; go with Shanks. 2283Rule Turkey 1942 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 2284Rule Turkey 1945 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 S --- 34 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 2319 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1978 Oct 15 2320 3:00 Turkey TR%sT 1985 Apr 20 # Turkey Time 2321 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1986 2322 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 2323 2:00 EU EE%sT 2324Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents. 2325 2326# Ukraine | 1756Rule Turkey 1940 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 S 1757Rule Turkey 1940 only - Oct 5 0:00 0 - 1758Rule Turkey 1940 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S 1759Rule Turkey 1941 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 1760Rule Turkey 1942 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 1761# Whitman omits the next two transition and gives 1945 Oct 1; go with Shanks. 1762Rule Turkey 1942 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 1763Rule Turkey 1945 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 S --- 34 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1798 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1978 Oct 15 1799 3:00 Turkey TR%sT 1985 Apr 20 # Turkey Time 1800 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1986 1801 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 1802 2:00 EU EE%sT 1803Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents. 1804 1805# Ukraine |
| 2327# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2328Rule Ukraine 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 UST # Ukrainian Summer Time 2329Rule Ukraine 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 KMT # Kiev Mean Time 2330Rule Ukraine 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 UDST # Ukrainian Double Summer Time 2331Rule Ukraine 1918 only - Sep 17 0:00 1:00 UST 2332Rule Ukraine 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 UDST 2333Rule Ukraine 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 UST 2334Rule Ukraine 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 KMT 2335Rule Ukraine 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 UST 2336Rule Ukraine 1921 only - Mar 21 23:00 2:00 UDST 2337Rule Ukraine 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 UST 2338Rule Ukraine 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 KMT 2339Rule Crimea 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 CST # Crimean Summer Time 2340Rule Crimea 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 NMT # Nikolayev Mean Time 2341Rule Crimea 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 CDST # Crimean Double Summer Time 2342Rule Crimea 1918 only - Sep 17 0:00 1:00 CST 2343Rule Crimea 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 CDST 2344Rule Crimea 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 CST 2345Rule Crimea 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 NMT 2346Rule Crimea 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 CST 2347Rule Crimea 1921 only - Mar 21 23:00 2:00 CDST 2348Rule Crimea 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 CST 2349Rule Crimea 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 NMT 2350Rule Crimea 1996 only - Mar lastSun 0:00u 1:00 - 2351Rule Crimea 1996 only - Oct lastSun 0:00u 0 - | |
| 2352# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] | 1806# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| 1807# Most of Ukraine since 1970 has been like Kiev. |
|
| 2353Zone Europe/Kiev 2:02:04 - LMT 1880 | 1808Zone Europe/Kiev 2:02:04 - LMT 1880 |
| 2354 2:02:04 Ukraine %s 1924 May 2 | 1809 2:02:04 - KMT 1924 May 2 # Kiev Mean Time |
| 2355 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 | 1810 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 |
| 2356 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 Jul 17 2357 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1996 | 1811 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 20 1812 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Nov 6 1813 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 1814 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 1815 2:00 - EET 1992 1816 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 |
| 2358 2:00 EU EE%sT | 1817 2:00 EU EE%sT |
| 1818# Ruthenia used CET 1990/1991. 1819Zone Europe/Uzhgorod 1:29:12 - LMT 1890 Oct 1820 1:00 - CET 1940 1821 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 1822 1:00 1:00 CEST 1944 Oct 26 1823 1:00 - CET 1945 Jun 29 1824 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 1825 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 1826 1:00 - CET 1991 Mar 31 3:00 1827 2:00 - EET 1992 1828 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 1829 2:00 EU EE%sT 1830# Zaporozh'ye and eastern Lugansk oblasts observed DST 1990/1991. 1831# Zaporozh'ye has an apostrophe, but Posix file names can't have apostrophes. 1832Zone Europe/Zaporozhye 2:20:40 - LMT 1880 1833 2:20 - CUT 1924 May 2 # Central Ukraine T 1834 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 1835 3:00 - MSK 1941 Aug 25 1836 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Oct 25 1837 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00 1838 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 1839 2:00 EU EE%sT 1840# Central Crimea used Moscow time 1994/1997. |
|
| 2359Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880 | 1841Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880 |
| 2360 2:08:00 Crimea %s 1924 May 2 | 1842 2:16 - SMT 1924 May 2 # Simferopol Mean T |
| 2361 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 | 1843 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 |
| 2362 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2363 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 2364# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-10-21): 2365# The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that most of Crimea switched | 1844 3:00 - MSK 1941 Nov 1845 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Apr 13 1846 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 1847 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 1848 2:00 - EET 1992 1849# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-11-12): 1850# The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that central Crimea switched |
| 2366# from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections. | 1851# from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections. |
| 2367# For now, guess it changed Feb 1. 2368 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1994 Feb | 1852# Shanks says ``date of change uncertain'', but implies that it happened 1853# sometime between the 1994 DST switches. For now, guess it changed in May. 1854 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1994 May |
| 2369# From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev. | 1855# From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev. |
| 2370 3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 | 1856 3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 Mar 31 3:00s 1857 3:00 1:00 MSD 1996 Oct 27 3:00s |
| 2371# IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST. 2372# Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks. | 1858# IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST. 1859# Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks. |
| 2373 3:00 Crimea MSK/MSD 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u | 1860 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u |
| 2374 2:00 EU EE%sT 2375 2376# Yugoslavia 2377# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2378Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884 2379 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 2380 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s 2381 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s --- 85 unchanged lines hidden --- | 1861 2:00 EU EE%sT 1862 1863# Yugoslavia 1864# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1865Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884 1866 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 1867 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s 1868 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s --- 85 unchanged lines hidden --- |