| europe (138323) | europe (149514) |
|---|---|
| 1# @(#)europe 7.90 | 1# @(#)europe 7.95 |
| 2 3# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 4# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 5# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). 6 | 2 3# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 4# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 5# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). 6 |
| 7# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-10-29): | 7# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): |
| 8# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 9# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition), 10# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999). 11# 12# Gwillim Law writes that a good source 13# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 14# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 15# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries --- 34 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 50# 1:00 CET CEST CEMT Central Europe 51# 1:00:14 SET Swedish (1879-1899)* 52# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe 53# 3:00 MSK MSD Moscow 54# 55# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones, especially in Britain, 56# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 57 | 8# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 9# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition), 10# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999). 11# 12# Gwillim Law writes that a good source 13# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 14# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 15# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries --- 34 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 50# 1:00 CET CEST CEMT Central Europe 51# 1:00:14 SET Swedish (1879-1899)* 52# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe 53# 3:00 MSK MSD Moscow 54# 55# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones, especially in Britain, 56# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 57 |
| 58# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-12-04), | 58# From Peter Ilieve (1994-12-04), |
| 59# The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy, 60# Luxembourg, the Netherlands. 61# Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom. 62# Plus, from 1 Jan 81: Greece. 63# Plus, from 1 Jan 86: Spain, Portugal. 64# Plus, from 1 Jan 95: Austria, Finland, Sweden. (Norway negotiated terms for 65# entry but in a referendum on 28 Nov 94 the people voted No by 52.2% to 47.8% 66# on a turnout of 88.6%. This was almost the same result as Norway's previous --- 9 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 76# different end date for the UK and Ireland, and this was always allowed 77# in the Directive. 78 79 80############################################################################### 81 82# Britain (United Kingdom) and Ireland (Eire) 83 | 59# The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy, 60# Luxembourg, the Netherlands. 61# Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom. 62# Plus, from 1 Jan 81: Greece. 63# Plus, from 1 Jan 86: Spain, Portugal. 64# Plus, from 1 Jan 95: Austria, Finland, Sweden. (Norway negotiated terms for 65# entry but in a referendum on 28 Nov 94 the people voted No by 52.2% to 47.8% 66# on a turnout of 88.6%. This was almost the same result as Norway's previous --- 9 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 76# different end date for the UK and Ireland, and this was always allowed 77# in the Directive. 78 79 80############################################################################### 81 82# Britain (United Kingdom) and Ireland (Eire) 83 |
| 84# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-07-06): | 84# From Peter Ilieve (1994-07-06): |
| 85# 86# On 17 Jan 1994 the Independent, a UK quality newspaper, had a piece about 87# historical vistas along the Thames in west London. There was a photo 88# and a sketch map showing some of the sightlines involved. One paragraph 89# of the text said: 90# 91# `An old stone obelisk marking a forgotten terrestrial meridian stands 92# beside the river at Kew. In the 18th century, before time and longitude --- 4 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 97# along the towpath within a few yards of it.' 98# 99# I have a one inch to one mile map of London and my estimate of the stone's 100# position is 51 deg. 28' 30" N, 0 deg. 18' 45" W. The longitude should 101# be within about +-2". The Ordnance Survey grid reference is TQ172761. 102# 103# [This yields GMTOFF = -0:01:15 for London LMT in the 18th century.] 104 | 85# 86# On 17 Jan 1994 the Independent, a UK quality newspaper, had a piece about 87# historical vistas along the Thames in west London. There was a photo 88# and a sketch map showing some of the sightlines involved. One paragraph 89# of the text said: 90# 91# `An old stone obelisk marking a forgotten terrestrial meridian stands 92# beside the river at Kew. In the 18th century, before time and longitude --- 4 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 97# along the towpath within a few yards of it.' 98# 99# I have a one inch to one mile map of London and my estimate of the stone's 100# position is 51 deg. 28' 30" N, 0 deg. 18' 45" W. The longitude should 101# be within about +-2". The Ordnance Survey grid reference is TQ172761. 102# 103# [This yields GMTOFF = -0:01:15 for London LMT in the 18th century.] 104 |
| 105# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1993-11-18): | 105# From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18): |
| 106# 107# Howse writes that Britain was the first country to use standard time. 108# The railways cared most about the inconsistencies of local mean time, 109# and it was they who forced a uniform time on the country. 110# The original idea was credited to Dr. William Hyde Wollaston (1766-1828) 111# and was popularized by Abraham Follett Osler (1808-1903). 112# The first railway to adopt London time was the Great Western Railway 113# in November 1840; other railways followed suit, and by 1847 most --- 49 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 163# proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using ``Summer''. 164 165# From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-19): 166# 167# A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's 168# known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom. 169 170# Date: 4 Jan 89 08:57:25 GMT (Wed) | 106# 107# Howse writes that Britain was the first country to use standard time. 108# The railways cared most about the inconsistencies of local mean time, 109# and it was they who forced a uniform time on the country. 110# The original idea was credited to Dr. William Hyde Wollaston (1766-1828) 111# and was popularized by Abraham Follett Osler (1808-1903). 112# The first railway to adopt London time was the Great Western Railway 113# in November 1840; other railways followed suit, and by 1847 most --- 49 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 163# proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using ``Summer''. 164 165# From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-19): 166# 167# A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's 168# known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom. 169 170# Date: 4 Jan 89 08:57:25 GMT (Wed) |
| 171# From: Jonathan Leffler <nih-csl!uunet!mcvax!sphinx.co.uk!john> | 171# From: Jonathan Leffler |
| 172# [British Summer Time] is fixed annually by Act of Parliament. 173# If you can predict what Parliament will do, you should be in 174# politics making a fortune, not computing. 175 | 172# [British Summer Time] is fixed annually by Act of Parliament. 173# If you can predict what Parliament will do, you should be in 174# politics making a fortune, not computing. 175 |
| 176# From Chris Carrier <72157.3334@CompuServe.COM> (1996-06-14): | 176# From Chris Carrier (1996-06-14): |
| 177# I remember reading in various wartime issues of the London Times the 178# acronym BDST for British Double Summer Time. Look for the published 179# time of sunrise and sunset in The Times, when BDST was in effect, and 180# if you find a zone reference it will say, "All times B.D.S.T." 181 182# From Joseph S. Myers (1999-09-02): 183# ... some military cables (WO 219/4100 - this is a copy from the 184# main SHAEF archives held in the US National Archives, SHAEF/5252/8/516) --- 14 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 199# I cannot think of anything better than "Double British Summer Time" 200# which could not be said to run counter to any official description. 201 202# From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02): 203# Howse writes (p 157) `DBST' too, but `BDST' seems to have been common 204# and follows the more usual convention of putting the location name first, 205# so we use `BDST'. 206 | 177# I remember reading in various wartime issues of the London Times the 178# acronym BDST for British Double Summer Time. Look for the published 179# time of sunrise and sunset in The Times, when BDST was in effect, and 180# if you find a zone reference it will say, "All times B.D.S.T." 181 182# From Joseph S. Myers (1999-09-02): 183# ... some military cables (WO 219/4100 - this is a copy from the 184# main SHAEF archives held in the US National Archives, SHAEF/5252/8/516) --- 14 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 199# I cannot think of anything better than "Double British Summer Time" 200# which could not be said to run counter to any official description. 201 202# From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02): 203# Howse writes (p 157) `DBST' too, but `BDST' seems to have been common 204# and follows the more usual convention of putting the location name first, 205# so we use `BDST'. 206 |
| 207# Peter Ilieve <peter@aldie.co.uk> (1998-04-19) described at length | 207# Peter Ilieve (1998-04-19) described at length |
| 208# the history of summer time legislation in the United Kingdom. | 208# the history of summer time legislation in the United Kingdom. |
| 209# Since 1998 Joseph S. Myers <jsm28@cam.ac.uk> has been updating | 209# Since 1998 Joseph S. Myers has been updating |
| 210# and extending this list, which can be found in 211# <a href="http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/"> 212# History of legal time in Britain 213# </a> 214 | 210# and extending this list, which can be found in 211# <a href="http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/"> 212# History of legal time in Britain 213# </a> 214 |
| 215# From Joseph S. Myers <jsm28@cam.ac.uk> (1998-01-06): | 215# From Joseph S. Myers (1998-01-06): |
| 216# 217# The legal time in the UK outside of summer time is definitely GMT, not UTC; 218# see Lord Tanlaw's speech 219# <a href="http://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/ld199697/ldhansrd/pdvn/lds97/text/70611-20.htm#70611-20_head0"> 220# (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976) 221# </a>. 222 223# From Paul Eggert (2001-07-18): --- 26 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 250# Whitman says Dublin Mean Time was -0:25:21, which is more precise than Shanks. 251# Perhaps this was Dunsink Observatory Time, as Dunsink Observatory 252# (8 km NW of Dublin's center) seemingly was to Dublin as Greenwich was 253# to London. For example: 254# 255# "Timeball on the ballast office is down. Dunsink time." 256# -- James Joyce, Ulysses 257 | 216# 217# The legal time in the UK outside of summer time is definitely GMT, not UTC; 218# see Lord Tanlaw's speech 219# <a href="http://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/ld199697/ldhansrd/pdvn/lds97/text/70611-20.htm#70611-20_head0"> 220# (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976) 221# </a>. 222 223# From Paul Eggert (2001-07-18): --- 26 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 250# Whitman says Dublin Mean Time was -0:25:21, which is more precise than Shanks. 251# Perhaps this was Dunsink Observatory Time, as Dunsink Observatory 252# (8 km NW of Dublin's center) seemingly was to Dublin as Greenwich was 253# to London. For example: 254# 255# "Timeball on the ballast office is down. Dunsink time." 256# -- James Joyce, Ulysses 257 |
| 258# From Joseph S. Myers (2005-01-26): 259# Irish laws are available online at www.irishstatutebook.ie. These include 260# various relating to legal time, for example: 261# 262# ZZA13Y1923.html ZZA12Y1924.html ZZA8Y1925.html ZZSIV20PG1267.html 263# 264# ZZSI71Y1947.html ZZSI128Y1948.html ZZSI23Y1949.html ZZSI41Y1950.html 265# ZZSI27Y1951.html ZZSI73Y1952.html 266# 267# ZZSI11Y1961.html ZZSI232Y1961.html ZZSI182Y1962.html 268# ZZSI167Y1963.html ZZSI257Y1964.html ZZSI198Y1967.html 269# ZZA23Y1968.html ZZA17Y1971.html 270# 271# ZZSI67Y1981.html ZZSI212Y1982.html ZZSI45Y1986.html 272# ZZSI264Y1988.html ZZSI52Y1990.html ZZSI371Y1992.html 273# ZZSI395Y1994.html ZZSI484Y1997.html ZZSI506Y2001.html 274# 275# [These are all relative to the root, e.g., the first is 276# <http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/ZZA13Y1923.html>.] 277# 278# (These are those I found, but there could be more. In any case these 279# should allow various updates to the comments in the europe file to cover 280# the laws applicable in Ireland.) 281# 282# (Note that the time in the Republic of Ireland since 1968 has been defined 283# in terms of standard time being GMT+1 with a period of winter time when it 284# is GMT, rather than standard time being GMT with a period of summer time 285# being GMT+1.) 286 |
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| 258# From Paul Eggert (1999-03-28): 259# Clive Feather (<news:859845706.26043.0@office.demon.net>, 1997-03-31) 260# reports that Folkestone (Cheriton) Shuttle Terminal uses Concession Time 261# (CT), equivalent to French civil time. 262# Julian Hill (<news:36118128.5A14@virgin.net>, 1998-09-30) reports that 263# trains between Dollands Moor (the freight facility next door) 264# and Frethun run in CT. 265# My admittedly uninformed guess is that the terminal has two authorities, --- 122 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 388# See EU for rules starting in 1996. 389 390# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 391Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Dec 1 392 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27 393 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 394 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996 395 0:00 EU GMT/BST | 287# From Paul Eggert (1999-03-28): 288# Clive Feather (<news:859845706.26043.0@office.demon.net>, 1997-03-31) 289# reports that Folkestone (Cheriton) Shuttle Terminal uses Concession Time 290# (CT), equivalent to French civil time. 291# Julian Hill (<news:36118128.5A14@virgin.net>, 1998-09-30) reports that 292# trains between Dollands Moor (the freight facility next door) 293# and Frethun run in CT. 294# My admittedly uninformed guess is that the terminal has two authorities, --- 122 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 417# See EU for rules starting in 1996. 418 419# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 420Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Dec 1 421 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27 422 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 423 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996 424 0:00 EU GMT/BST |
| 396Zone Europe/Belfast -0:23:40 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 397 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 # Dublin/Dunsink MT 398 -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s # Irish Summer Time 399 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27 400 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 401 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996 402 0:00 EU GMT/BST | |
| 403Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:00 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 404 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 405 -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s 406 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1921 Dec 6 # independence 407 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1940 Feb 25 2:00 408 0:00 1:00 IST 1946 Oct 6 2:00 409 0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00 410 0:00 1:00 IST 1947 Nov 2 2:00 --- 91 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 502Zone WET 0:00 EU WE%sT 503Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 504Zone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT 505Zone EET 2:00 EU EE%sT 506 507# Previous editions of this database used abbreviations like MET DST 508# for Central European Summer Time, but this didn't agree with common usage. 509 | 425Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:00 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 426 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 427 -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s 428 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1921 Dec 6 # independence 429 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1940 Feb 25 2:00 430 0:00 1:00 IST 1946 Oct 6 2:00 431 0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00 432 0:00 1:00 IST 1947 Nov 2 2:00 --- 91 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 524Zone WET 0:00 EU WE%sT 525Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 526Zone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT 527Zone EET 2:00 EU EE%sT 528 529# Previous editions of this database used abbreviations like MET DST 530# for Central European Summer Time, but this didn't agree with common usage. 531 |
| 510# From Markus Kuhn <mskuhn@unrza3.dialin.rrze.uni-erlangen.de> (1996-07-12): | 532# From Markus Kuhn (1996-07-12): |
| 511# The official German names ... are 512# 513# Mitteleuropaeische Zeit (MEZ) = UTC+01:00 514# Mitteleuropaeische Sommerzeit (MESZ) = UTC+02:00 515# 516# as defined in the German Time Act (Gesetz ueber die Zeitbestimmung (ZeitG), 517# 1978-07-25, Bundesgesetzblatt, Jahrgang 1978, Teil I, S. 1110-1111).... 518# I wrote ... to the German Federal Physical-Technical Institution --- 99 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 618# From Paul Eggert (1997-07-02): 619# Entries from 1918 through 1991 are taken from: 620# Annuaire de L'Observatoire Royal de Belgique, 621# Avenue Circulaire, 3, B-1180 BRUXELLES, CLVIIe annee, 1991 622# (Imprimerie HAYEZ, s.p.r.l., Rue Fin, 4, 1080 BRUXELLES, MCMXC), 623# pp 8-9. 624# LMT before 1892 was 0:17:30, according to the official journal of Belgium: 625# Moniteur Belge, Samedi 30 Avril 1892, N.121. | 533# The official German names ... are 534# 535# Mitteleuropaeische Zeit (MEZ) = UTC+01:00 536# Mitteleuropaeische Sommerzeit (MESZ) = UTC+02:00 537# 538# as defined in the German Time Act (Gesetz ueber die Zeitbestimmung (ZeitG), 539# 1978-07-25, Bundesgesetzblatt, Jahrgang 1978, Teil I, S. 1110-1111).... 540# I wrote ... to the German Federal Physical-Technical Institution --- 99 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 640# From Paul Eggert (1997-07-02): 641# Entries from 1918 through 1991 are taken from: 642# Annuaire de L'Observatoire Royal de Belgique, 643# Avenue Circulaire, 3, B-1180 BRUXELLES, CLVIIe annee, 1991 644# (Imprimerie HAYEZ, s.p.r.l., Rue Fin, 4, 1080 BRUXELLES, MCMXC), 645# pp 8-9. 646# LMT before 1892 was 0:17:30, according to the official journal of Belgium: 647# Moniteur Belge, Samedi 30 Avril 1892, N.121. |
| 626# Thanks to Pascal Delmoitie <pascal@belnet.be> for these references. | 648# Thanks to Pascal Delmoitie for these references. |
| 627# The 1918 rules are listed for completeness; they apply to unoccupied Belgium. 628# Assume Brussels switched to WET in 1918 when the armistice took effect. 629# 630# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 631Rule Belgium 1918 only - Mar 9 0:00s 1:00 S 632Rule Belgium 1918 1919 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 633Rule Belgium 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 634Rule Belgium 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S --- 42 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 677 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977 678 1:00 EU CE%sT 679 680# Bosnia and Herzegovina 681# see Serbia and Montenegro 682 683# Bulgaria 684# | 649# The 1918 rules are listed for completeness; they apply to unoccupied Belgium. 650# Assume Brussels switched to WET in 1918 when the armistice took effect. 651# 652# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 653Rule Belgium 1918 only - Mar 9 0:00s 1:00 S 654Rule Belgium 1918 1919 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 655Rule Belgium 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 656Rule Belgium 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S --- 42 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 699 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977 700 1:00 EU CE%sT 701 702# Bosnia and Herzegovina 703# see Serbia and Montenegro 704 705# Bulgaria 706# |
| 685# From Plamen Simenov <P.Simeonov@cnsys.bg> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): | 707# From Plamen Simenov via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): |
| 686# A document of Government of Bulgaria (No.94/1997) says: 687# EET --> EETDST is in 03:00 Local time in last Sunday of March ... 688# EETDST --> EET is in 04:00 Local time in last Sunday of October 689# 690# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 691Rule Bulg 1979 only - Mar 31 23:00 1:00 S 692Rule Bulg 1979 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 693Rule Bulg 1980 1982 - Apr Sat<=7 23:00 1:00 S --- 28 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 722# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 723Zone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850 724 0:57:44 - PMT 1891 Oct # Prague Mean Time 725 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 17 2:00s 726 1:00 Czech CE%sT 1979 727 1:00 EU CE%sT 728 729# Denmark, Faeroe Islands, and Greenland | 708# A document of Government of Bulgaria (No.94/1997) says: 709# EET --> EETDST is in 03:00 Local time in last Sunday of March ... 710# EETDST --> EET is in 04:00 Local time in last Sunday of October 711# 712# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 713Rule Bulg 1979 only - Mar 31 23:00 1:00 S 714Rule Bulg 1979 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 715Rule Bulg 1980 1982 - Apr Sat<=7 23:00 1:00 S --- 28 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 744# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 745Zone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850 746 0:57:44 - PMT 1891 Oct # Prague Mean Time 747 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 17 2:00s 748 1:00 Czech CE%sT 1979 749 1:00 EU CE%sT 750 751# Denmark, Faeroe Islands, and Greenland |
| 752 753# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2005-04-26): 754# http://www.hum.aau.dk/~poe/tid/tine/DanskTid.htm says that the law 755# [introducing standard time] was in effect from 1894-01-01.... 756# The page http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A18930008330-REGL 757# confirms this, and states that the law was put forth 1893-03-29. 758# 759# The EU treaty with effect from 1973: 760# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19722110030-REGL 761# 762# This provoked a new law from 1974 to make possible summer time changes 763# in subsequenet decrees with the law 764# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19740022330-REGL 765# 766# It seems however that no decree was set forward until 1980. I have 767# not found any decree, but in another related law, the effecting DST 768# changes are stated explicitly to be from 1980-04-06 at 02:00 to 769# 1980-09-28 at 02:00. If this is true, this differs slightly from 770# the EU rule in that DST runs to 02:00, not 03:00. We don't know 771# when Denmark began using the EU rule correctly, but we have only 772# confirmation of the 1980-time, so I presume it was correct in 1981: 773# The law is about the management of the extra hour, concerning 774# working hours reported and effect on obligatory-rest rules (which 775# was suspended on that night): 776# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/C19801120554-REGL 777 778# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2005-06-11): 779# The Herning Folkeblad (1980-09-26) reported that the night between 780# Saturday and Sunday the clock is set back from three to two. 781 782# From Paul Eggert (2005-06-11): 783# Hence the "02:00" of the 1980 law refers to standard time, not 784# wall-clock time, and so the EU rules were in effect in 1980. 785 |
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| 730# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 731Rule Denmark 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S 732Rule Denmark 1916 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 - 733Rule Denmark 1940 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 734Rule Denmark 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 735Rule Denmark 1945 only - Aug 15 2:00s 0 - 736Rule Denmark 1946 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 S 737Rule Denmark 1946 only - Sep 1 2:00s 0 - 738Rule Denmark 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S 739Rule Denmark 1947 only - Aug 10 2:00s 0 - 740Rule Denmark 1948 only - May 9 2:00s 1:00 S 741Rule Denmark 1948 only - Aug 8 2:00s 0 - | 786# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 787Rule Denmark 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S 788Rule Denmark 1916 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 - 789Rule Denmark 1940 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 790Rule Denmark 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 791Rule Denmark 1945 only - Aug 15 2:00s 0 - 792Rule Denmark 1946 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 S 793Rule Denmark 1946 only - Sep 1 2:00s 0 - 794Rule Denmark 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S 795Rule Denmark 1947 only - Aug 10 2:00s 0 - 796Rule Denmark 1948 only - May 9 2:00s 1:00 S 797Rule Denmark 1948 only - Aug 8 2:00s 0 - |
| 742# Whitman also gives 1949 Apr 9 to 1949 Oct 1, and disagrees in minor ways 743# about many of the above dates; go with Shanks. | |
| 744# | 798# |
| 745# For 1894, Shanks says Jan, Whitman Apr; go with Whitman. | |
| 746# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 747Zone Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890 | 799# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 800Zone Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890 |
| 748 0:50:20 - CMT 1894 Apr # Copenhagen Mean Time | 801 0:50:20 - CMT 1894 Jan 1 # Copenhagen MT |
| 749 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s 750 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 751 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1980 752 1:00 EU CE%sT 753Zone Atlantic/Faeroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # Torshavn 754 0:00 - WET 1981 755 0:00 EU WE%sT 756# | 802 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s 803 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 804 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1980 805 1:00 EU CE%sT 806Zone Atlantic/Faeroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # Torshavn 807 0:00 - WET 1981 808 0:00 EU WE%sT 809# |
| 810# From Paul Eggert (2004-10-31): 811# During World War II, Germany maintained secret manned weather stations in 812# East Greenland and Franz Josef Land, but we don't know their time zones. 813# My source for this is Wilhelm Dege's book mentioned under Svalbard. 814# |
|
| 757# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 758# Greenland joined the EU as part of Denmark, obtained home rule on 1979-05-01, 759# and left the EU on 1985-02-01. It therefore should have been using EU 760# rules at least through 1984. Shanks says Scoresbysund and Godthab 761# used C-Eur rules after 1980, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says they use EU 762# rules since at least 1991. Assume EU rules since 1980. 763 764# From Gwillin Law (2001-06-06), citing --- 70 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 835 -1:00 EU EG%sT 836Zone America/Godthab -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Nuuk 837 -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 838 -3:00 EU WG%sT 839Zone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik air base 840 -4:00 Thule A%sT 841 842# Estonia | 815# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 816# Greenland joined the EU as part of Denmark, obtained home rule on 1979-05-01, 817# and left the EU on 1985-02-01. It therefore should have been using EU 818# rules at least through 1984. Shanks says Scoresbysund and Godthab 819# used C-Eur rules after 1980, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says they use EU 820# rules since at least 1991. Assume EU rules since 1980. 821 822# From Gwillin Law (2001-06-06), citing --- 70 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 893 -1:00 EU EG%sT 894Zone America/Godthab -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Nuuk 895 -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 896 -3:00 EU WG%sT 897Zone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik air base 898 -4:00 Thule A%sT 899 900# Estonia |
| 843# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-10-15): | 901# From Peter Ilieve (1994-10-15): |
| 844# A relative in Tallinn confirms the accuracy of the data for 1989 onwards 845# [through 1994] and gives the legal authority for it, 846# a regulation of the Government of Estonia, No. 111 of 1989.... 847# | 902# A relative in Tallinn confirms the accuracy of the data for 1989 onwards 903# [through 1994] and gives the legal authority for it, 904# a regulation of the Government of Estonia, No. 111 of 1989.... 905# |
| 848# From Peter Ilieve <peter@aldie.co.uk> (1996-10-28): | 906# From Peter Ilieve (1996-10-28): |
| 849# [IATA SSIM (1992/1996) claims that the Baltic republics switch at 01:00s, 850# but a relative confirms that Estonia still switches at 02:00s, writing:] 851# ``I do not [know] exactly but there are some little different 852# (confusing) rules for International Air and Railway Transport Schedules 853# conversion in Sunday connected with end of summer time in Estonia.... 854# A discussion is running about the summer time efficiency and effect on 855# human physiology. It seems that Estonia maybe will not change to 856# summer time next spring.'' 857 | 907# [IATA SSIM (1992/1996) claims that the Baltic republics switch at 01:00s, 908# but a relative confirms that Estonia still switches at 02:00s, writing:] 909# ``I do not [know] exactly but there are some little different 910# (confusing) rules for International Air and Railway Transport Schedules 911# conversion in Sunday connected with end of summer time in Estonia.... 912# A discussion is running about the summer time efficiency and effect on 913# human physiology. It seems that Estonia maybe will not change to 914# summer time next spring.'' 915 |
| 858# From Peter Ilieve <peter@aldie.co.uk> (1998-11-04), heavily edited: | 916# From Peter Ilieve (1998-11-04), heavily edited: |
| 859# <a href="http://trip.rk.ee/cgi-bin/thw?${BASE}=akt&${OOHTML}=rtd&TA=1998&TO=1&AN=1390"> 860# The 1998-09-22 Estonian time law 861# </a> 862# refers to the Eighth Directive and cites the association agreement between 863# the EU and Estonia, ratified by the Estonian law (RT II 1995, 22--27, 120). 864# 865# I also asked [my relative] whether they use any standard abbreviation 866# for their standard and summer times. He says no, they use "suveaeg" --- 32 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 899 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep 24 2:00s 900 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 Sep 22 901 2:00 EU EE%sT 1999 Nov 1 902 2:00 - EET 2002 Feb 21 903 2:00 EU EE%sT 904 905# Finland 906# | 917# <a href="http://trip.rk.ee/cgi-bin/thw?${BASE}=akt&${OOHTML}=rtd&TA=1998&TO=1&AN=1390"> 918# The 1998-09-22 Estonian time law 919# </a> 920# refers to the Eighth Directive and cites the association agreement between 921# the EU and Estonia, ratified by the Estonian law (RT II 1995, 22--27, 120). 922# 923# I also asked [my relative] whether they use any standard abbreviation 924# for their standard and summer times. He says no, they use "suveaeg" --- 32 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 957 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep 24 2:00s 958 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 Sep 22 959 2:00 EU EE%sT 1999 Nov 1 960 2:00 - EET 2002 Feb 21 961 2:00 EU EE%sT 962 963# Finland 964# |
| 907# From Hannu Strang <chs@apu.fi> (25 Sep 1994 06:03:37 UTC): | 965# From Hannu Strang (25 Sep 1994 06:03:37 UTC): |
| 908# Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one, 909# and it's supposed to change at 4am... 910# | 966# Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one, 967# and it's supposed to change at 4am... 968# |
| 911# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (25 Sep 1994): | 969# From Paul Eggert (25 Sep 1994): |
| 912# Shanks says Finland has switched at 02:00 standard time since 1981. 913# Go with Strang instead. 914# 915# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 916Rule Finland 1942 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 917Rule Finland 1942 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 918# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 919Zone Europe/Helsinki 1:39:52 - LMT 1878 May 31 --- 60 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 980# Le Corre writes that the upper limit of the free zone was Arneguy, Orthez, 981# Mont-de-Marsan, Bazas, Langon, Lamotte-Montravel, Marouil, La 982# Rochefoucault, Champagne-Mouton, La Roche-Posay, La Haye-Decartes, 983# Loches, Montrichard, Vierzon, Bourges, Moulins, Digoin, 984# Paray-le-Monial, Montceau-les-Mines, Chalons-sur-Saone, Arbois, 985# Dole, Morez, St-Claude, and Collognes (Haute-Savioe). 986Rule France 1941 only - May 5 0:00 2:00 M # Midsummer 987# Shanks says this transition occurred at Oct 6 1:00, | 970# Shanks says Finland has switched at 02:00 standard time since 1981. 971# Go with Strang instead. 972# 973# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 974Rule Finland 1942 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 975Rule Finland 1942 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 976# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 977Zone Europe/Helsinki 1:39:52 - LMT 1878 May 31 --- 60 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1038# Le Corre writes that the upper limit of the free zone was Arneguy, Orthez, 1039# Mont-de-Marsan, Bazas, Langon, Lamotte-Montravel, Marouil, La 1040# Rochefoucault, Champagne-Mouton, La Roche-Posay, La Haye-Decartes, 1041# Loches, Montrichard, Vierzon, Bourges, Moulins, Digoin, 1042# Paray-le-Monial, Montceau-les-Mines, Chalons-sur-Saone, Arbois, 1043# Dole, Morez, St-Claude, and Collognes (Haute-Savioe). 1044Rule France 1941 only - May 5 0:00 2:00 M # Midsummer 1045# Shanks says this transition occurred at Oct 6 1:00, |
| 988# but go with Denis.Excoffier@ens.fr (1997-12-12), | 1046# but go with Denis Excoffier (1997-12-12), |
| 989# who quotes the Ephemerides Astronomiques for 1998 from Bureau des Longitudes 990# as saying 5/10/41 22hUT. 991Rule France 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 S 992Rule France 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 2:00 M 993Rule France 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 1:00 S 994Rule France 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 2:00 M 995Rule France 1943 only - Oct 4 3:00 1:00 S 996Rule France 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00 2:00 M --- 17 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1014# go with Shanks. 1015 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 25 1016 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 1017 1:00 France CE%sT 1977 1018 1:00 EU CE%sT 1019 1020# Germany 1021 | 1047# who quotes the Ephemerides Astronomiques for 1998 from Bureau des Longitudes 1048# as saying 5/10/41 22hUT. 1049Rule France 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 S 1050Rule France 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 2:00 M 1051Rule France 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 1:00 S 1052Rule France 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 2:00 M 1053Rule France 1943 only - Oct 4 3:00 1:00 S 1054Rule France 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00 2:00 M --- 17 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1072# go with Shanks. 1073 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 25 1074 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 1075 1:00 France CE%sT 1977 1076 1:00 EU CE%sT 1077 1078# Germany 1079 |
| 1022# From Markus Kuhn <Markus.Kuhn@cl.cam.ac.uk> (1998-09-29): | 1080# From Markus Kuhn (1998-09-29): |
| 1023# The German time zone web site by the Physikalisch-Technische 1024# Bundesanstalt contains DST information back to 1916. 1025# [See tz-link.htm for the URL.] 1026 1027# From Joerg Schilling (2002-10-23): 1028# In 1945, Berlin was switched to Moscow Summer time (GMT+4) by <a 1029# href="http://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/BersarinNikolai/"> 1030# General [Nikolai] Bersarin</a>. --- 98 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1129 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 1130 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1941 Apr 6 2:00 1131 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 1 23:00 1132 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1980 Sep 28 2:00s 1133 1:00 EU CE%sT 1134 1135# Iceland 1136# | 1081# The German time zone web site by the Physikalisch-Technische 1082# Bundesanstalt contains DST information back to 1916. 1083# [See tz-link.htm for the URL.] 1084 1085# From Joerg Schilling (2002-10-23): 1086# In 1945, Berlin was switched to Moscow Summer time (GMT+4) by <a 1087# href="http://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/BersarinNikolai/"> 1088# General [Nikolai] Bersarin</a>. --- 98 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1187 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 1188 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1941 Apr 6 2:00 1189 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 1 23:00 1190 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1980 Sep 28 2:00s 1191 1:00 EU CE%sT 1192 1193# Iceland 1194# |
| 1137# From Adam David <adam@veda.is> (1993-11-06): | 1195# From Adam David (1993-11-06): |
| 1138# The name of the timezone in Iceland for system / mail / news purposes is GMT. 1139# 1140# (1993-12-05): 1141# This material is paraphrased from the 1988 edition of the University of 1142# Iceland Almanak. 1143# 1144# From January 1st, 1908 the whole of Iceland was standardised at 1 hour 1145# behind GMT. Previously, local mean solar time was used in different parts --- 10 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1156# beginning of winter, which ties it to the ecclesiastical calendar (and thus 1157# to the julian/gregorian calendar) over the period in question. 1158# the winter begins on the Saturday next before St. Luke's day 1159# (old style), or on St. Luke's day, if a Saturday. 1160# St. Luke's day ought to be traceable from ecclesiastical sources. "old style" 1161# might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it 1162# might mean something else (???). 1163# | 1196# The name of the timezone in Iceland for system / mail / news purposes is GMT. 1197# 1198# (1993-12-05): 1199# This material is paraphrased from the 1988 edition of the University of 1200# Iceland Almanak. 1201# 1202# From January 1st, 1908 the whole of Iceland was standardised at 1 hour 1203# behind GMT. Previously, local mean solar time was used in different parts --- 10 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1214# beginning of winter, which ties it to the ecclesiastical calendar (and thus 1215# to the julian/gregorian calendar) over the period in question. 1216# the winter begins on the Saturday next before St. Luke's day 1217# (old style), or on St. Luke's day, if a Saturday. 1218# St. Luke's day ought to be traceable from ecclesiastical sources. "old style" 1219# might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it 1220# might mean something else (???). 1221# |
| 1164# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-10-29): | 1222# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): |
| 1165# The Iceland Almanak, Shanks and Whitman disagree on many points. 1166# We go with the Almanak, except for one claim from Shanks, namely that 1167# Reykavik was 21W57 from 1837 to 1908, local mean time before that. 1168# 1169# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1170Rule Iceland 1917 1918 - Feb 19 23:00 1:00 S 1171Rule Iceland 1917 only - Oct 21 1:00 0 - 1172Rule Iceland 1918 only - Nov 16 1:00 0 - --- 99 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1272 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1980 1273 1:00 EU CE%sT 1274 1275Link Europe/Rome Europe/Vatican 1276Link Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino 1277 1278# Latvia 1279 | 1223# The Iceland Almanak, Shanks and Whitman disagree on many points. 1224# We go with the Almanak, except for one claim from Shanks, namely that 1225# Reykavik was 21W57 from 1837 to 1908, local mean time before that. 1226# 1227# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1228Rule Iceland 1917 1918 - Feb 19 23:00 1:00 S 1229Rule Iceland 1917 only - Oct 21 1:00 0 - 1230Rule Iceland 1918 only - Nov 16 1:00 0 - --- 99 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1330 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1980 1331 1:00 EU CE%sT 1332 1333Link Europe/Rome Europe/Vatican 1334Link Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino 1335 1336# Latvia 1337 |
| 1280# From Liene Kanepe <Liene_Kanepe@lm.gov.lv> (1998-09-17): | 1338# From Liene Kanepe (1998-09-17): |
| 1281 1282# I asked about this matter Scientific Secretary of the Institute of Astronomy 1283# of The University of Latvia Dr. paed Mr. Ilgonis Vilks. I also searched the 1284# correct data in juridical acts and I found some juridical documents about 1285# changes in the counting of time in Latvia from 1981.... 1286# 1287# Act No.35 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1981-01-22 ... 1288# according to the Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1980-10-24 --- 70 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1359 1:00 EU CE%sT 1360 1361# Lithuania 1362 1363# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 1364# IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is 1365# known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it's wrong here too. 1366 | 1339 1340# I asked about this matter Scientific Secretary of the Institute of Astronomy 1341# of The University of Latvia Dr. paed Mr. Ilgonis Vilks. I also searched the 1342# correct data in juridical acts and I found some juridical documents about 1343# changes in the counting of time in Latvia from 1981.... 1344# 1345# Act No.35 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1981-01-22 ... 1346# according to the Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1980-10-24 --- 70 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1417 1:00 EU CE%sT 1418 1419# Lithuania 1420 1421# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 1422# IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is 1423# known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it's wrong here too. 1424 |
| 1367# From Marius Gedminas <mgedmin@pub.osf.lt> (1998-08-07): | 1425# From Marius Gedminas (1998-08-07): |
| 1368# I would like to inform that in this year Lithuanian time zone 1369# (Europe/Vilnius) was changed. 1370 1371# From <a href="http://www.elta.lt/">ELTA</a> No. 972 (2582) (1999-09-29), 1372# via Steffen Thorsen: 1373# Lithuania has shifted back to the second time zone (GMT plus two hours) 1374# to be valid here starting from October 31, 1375# as decided by the national government on Wednesday.... --- 90 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1466 1467# From Paul Eggert (2001-02-11): 1468# A previous version of this database followed Shanks, who writes that 1469# Tiraspol switched to Moscow time on 1992-01-19 at 02:00. 1470# However, this is most likely an error, as Moldova declared independence 1471# on 1991-08-27 (the 1992-01-19 date is that of a Russian decree). 1472# In early 1992 there was large-scale interethnic violence in the area 1473# and it's possible that some Russophones continued to observe Moscow time. | 1426# I would like to inform that in this year Lithuanian time zone 1427# (Europe/Vilnius) was changed. 1428 1429# From <a href="http://www.elta.lt/">ELTA</a> No. 972 (2582) (1999-09-29), 1430# via Steffen Thorsen: 1431# Lithuania has shifted back to the second time zone (GMT plus two hours) 1432# to be valid here starting from October 31, 1433# as decided by the national government on Wednesday.... --- 90 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1524 1525# From Paul Eggert (2001-02-11): 1526# A previous version of this database followed Shanks, who writes that 1527# Tiraspol switched to Moscow time on 1992-01-19 at 02:00. 1528# However, this is most likely an error, as Moldova declared independence 1529# on 1991-08-27 (the 1992-01-19 date is that of a Russian decree). 1530# In early 1992 there was large-scale interethnic violence in the area 1531# and it's possible that some Russophones continued to observe Moscow time. |
| 1474# But moldavizolit@tirastel.md and mk@tirastel.md separately reported via | 1532# But [two people] separately reported via |
| 1475# Jesper Norgaard that as of 2001-01-24 Tiraspol was like Chisinau. 1476# The Tiraspol entry has therefore been removed for now. 1477 1478# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1479Zone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1880 1480 1:55 - CMT 1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT 1481 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT 1482 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1940 Aug 15 --- 86 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1569Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:32 - LMT 1835 1570 0:19:32 Neth %s 1937 Jul 1 1571 0:20 Neth NE%sT 1940 May 16 0:00 # Dutch Time 1572 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 1573 1:00 Neth CE%sT 1977 1574 1:00 EU CE%sT 1575 1576# Norway | 1533# Jesper Norgaard that as of 2001-01-24 Tiraspol was like Chisinau. 1534# The Tiraspol entry has therefore been removed for now. 1535 1536# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1537Zone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1880 1538 1:55 - CMT 1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT 1539 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT 1540 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1940 Aug 15 --- 86 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1627Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:32 - LMT 1835 1628 0:19:32 Neth %s 1937 Jul 1 1629 0:20 Neth NE%sT 1940 May 16 0:00 # Dutch Time 1630 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 1631 1:00 Neth CE%sT 1977 1632 1:00 EU CE%sT 1633 1634# Norway |
| 1635# http://met.no/met/met_lex/q_u/sommertid.html (2004-01) agrees with Shanks. |
|
| 1577# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S | 1636# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
| 1578# Whitman gives 1916 May 21 - 1916 Oct 21; go with Shanks. | |
| 1579Rule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 S 1580Rule Norway 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - | 1637Rule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 S 1638Rule Norway 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - |
| 1581# Whitman says DST observed 1935-08-11/1942-11-01, then 1943-03-29/10-04, 1582# 1944-04-03/10-02, and 1945-04-01/10-01; go with Shanks. | |
| 1583Rule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 1584Rule Norway 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - 1585Rule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 S 1586Rule Norway 1959 1965 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 1587Rule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 S 1588# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1589Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895 Jan 1 1590 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1940 Aug 10 23:00 --- 37 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1628# Jan Mayen used German daylight-saving rules. 1629# 1630# Svalbard is more complicated, as it was raided in August 1941 by an 1631# Allied party that evacuated the civilian population to England (says 1632# <http://www.bartleby.com/65/sv/Svalbard.html>). The Svalbard FAQ 1633# <http://www.svalbard.com/SvalbardFAQ.html> says that the Germans were 1634# expelled on 1942-05-14. However, small parties of Germans did return, 1635# and according to Wilhelm Dege's book "War North of 80" (1954) | 1639Rule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 1640Rule Norway 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - 1641Rule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 S 1642Rule Norway 1959 1965 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 1643Rule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 S 1644# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1645Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895 Jan 1 1646 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1940 Aug 10 23:00 --- 37 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1684# Jan Mayen used German daylight-saving rules. 1685# 1686# Svalbard is more complicated, as it was raided in August 1941 by an 1687# Allied party that evacuated the civilian population to England (says 1688# <http://www.bartleby.com/65/sv/Svalbard.html>). The Svalbard FAQ 1689# <http://www.svalbard.com/SvalbardFAQ.html> says that the Germans were 1690# expelled on 1942-05-14. However, small parties of Germans did return, 1691# and according to Wilhelm Dege's book "War North of 80" (1954) |
| 1636# <http://www.utpress.utoronto.ca/publishing/rights/dege_warnorthof80.htm> | 1692# <http://www.ucalgary.ca/UofC/departments/UP/1-55238/1-55238-110-2.html> |
| 1637# the German armed forces at the Svalbard weather station code-named 1638# Haudegen did not surrender to the Allies until September 1945. 1639# 1640# All these events predate our cutoff date of 1970. Unless we can 1641# come up with more definitive info about the timekeeping during the 1642# war years it's probably best just do do the following for now: 1643Link Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen 1644Link Europe/Oslo Atlantic/Jan_Mayen 1645 1646# Poland 1647# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1648Rule Poland 1918 1919 - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 1649Rule Poland 1919 only - Apr 15 2:00s 1:00 S 1650# Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks. 1651Rule Poland 1944 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 1652# For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks. 1653Rule Poland 1945 only - Apr 29 0:00 1:00 S 1654Rule Poland 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - | 1693# the German armed forces at the Svalbard weather station code-named 1694# Haudegen did not surrender to the Allies until September 1945. 1695# 1696# All these events predate our cutoff date of 1970. Unless we can 1697# come up with more definitive info about the timekeeping during the 1698# war years it's probably best just do do the following for now: 1699Link Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen 1700Link Europe/Oslo Atlantic/Jan_Mayen 1701 1702# Poland 1703# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1704Rule Poland 1918 1919 - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 1705Rule Poland 1919 only - Apr 15 2:00s 1:00 S 1706# Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks. 1707Rule Poland 1944 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 1708# For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks. 1709Rule Poland 1945 only - Apr 29 0:00 1:00 S 1710Rule Poland 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - |
| 1655Rule Poland 1946 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 S 1656Rule Poland 1946 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 - 1657Rule Poland 1947 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 S 1658Rule Poland 1947 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 1659Rule Poland 1948 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 S 1660# Whitman also gives 1949 Apr 9 - 1949 Oct 1; go with Shanks. | 1711# For 1946 on the source is Kazimierz Borkowski, 1712# Torun Center for Astronomy, Dept. of Radio Astronomy, Nicolaus Copernicus U., 1713# <http://www.astro.uni.torun.pl/~kb/Artykuly/U-PA/Czas2.htm#tth_tAb1> 1714# Thanks to Przemyslaw Augustyniak (2005-05-28) for this reference. 1715# He also gives these further references: 1716# Mon Pol nr 13, poz 162 (1995) <http://www.abc.com.pl/serwis/mp/1995/0162.htm> 1717# Druk nr 2180 (2003) <http://www.senat.gov.pl/k5/dok/sejm/053/2180.pdf> 1718Rule Poland 1946 only - Apr 14 0:00s 1:00 S 1719Rule Poland 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - 1720Rule Poland 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S 1721Rule Poland 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 1722Rule Poland 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 1723Rule Poland 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S |
| 1661Rule Poland 1957 only - Jun 2 1:00s 1:00 S 1662Rule Poland 1957 1958 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 1663Rule Poland 1958 only - Mar 30 1:00s 1:00 S 1664Rule Poland 1959 only - May 31 1:00s 1:00 S 1665Rule Poland 1959 1961 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00s 0 - 1666Rule Poland 1960 only - Apr 3 1:00s 1:00 S | 1724Rule Poland 1957 only - Jun 2 1:00s 1:00 S 1725Rule Poland 1957 1958 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 1726Rule Poland 1958 only - Mar 30 1:00s 1:00 S 1727Rule Poland 1959 only - May 31 1:00s 1:00 S 1728Rule Poland 1959 1961 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00s 0 - 1729Rule Poland 1960 only - Apr 3 1:00s 1:00 S |
| 1667Rule Poland 1961 1964 - May Sun>=25 1:00s 1:00 S | 1730Rule Poland 1961 1964 - May lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S |
| 1668Rule Poland 1962 1964 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 1669# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1670Zone Europe/Warsaw 1:24:00 - LMT 1880 1671 1:24:00 - WMT 1915 Aug 5 # Warsaw Mean Time 1672 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Sep 16 3:00 1673 2:00 Poland EE%sT 1922 Jun 1674 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1940 Jun 23 2:00 1675 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct | 1731Rule Poland 1962 1964 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 1732# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1733Zone Europe/Warsaw 1:24:00 - LMT 1880 1734 1:24:00 - WMT 1915 Aug 5 # Warsaw Mean Time 1735 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Sep 16 3:00 1736 2:00 Poland EE%sT 1922 Jun 1737 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1940 Jun 23 2:00 1738 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct |
| 1676 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1977 Apr 3 1:00 1677 1:00 W-Eur CE%sT 1999 1678# IATA SSIM (1991/1996) gives EU rules, but the _The Warsaw Voice_ 1679# <a href="http://www.warsawvoice.com.pl/v361/NewsInBrief.shtml"> 1680# http://www.warsawvoice.com/pl/v361/NewsInBrief.shtml (1995-09-24) 1681# </a> 1682# says the autumn 1995 switch was at 02:00. 1683# Stick with W-Eur for now. 1684# 1685# From Marcin.Kasperski@softax.com.pl (1999-06-10): 1686# According to my colleagues someone recently decided, that Poland would 1687# follow European Union regulations, so - I think - the matter is not 1688# worth further discussion. 1689# 1690# From Paul Eggert (1999-06-10): 1691# Kasperski also writes that the government futzed with the rules in 1997 1692# or 1998 but he doesn't remember the details. Assume they switched to 1693# EU rules in 1999. | 1739 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1977 1740 1:00 W-Eur CE%sT 1988 |
| 1694 1:00 EU CE%sT 1695 1696# Portugal 1697# | 1741 1:00 EU CE%sT 1742 1743# Portugal 1744# |
| 1698# From Rui Pedro Salgueiro <rps@inescca.inescc.pt> (1992-11-12): | 1745# From Rui Pedro Salgueiro (1992-11-12): |
| 1699# Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone 1700# (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC. 1701# | 1746# Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone 1747# (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC. 1748# |
| 1702# Martin Bruckmann <martin@ua.pt> (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve | 1749# Martin Bruckmann (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve |
| 1703# that Portugal is reverting to 0:00 by not moving its clocks this spring. 1704# The new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter. 1705# 1706# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-12): 1707# IATA SSIM (1991-09) reports several 1991-09 and 1992-09 transitions 1708# at 02:00u, not 01:00u. Assume that these are typos. 1709# IATA SSIM (1991/1992) reports that the Azores were at -1:00. 1710# IATA SSIM (1993-02) says +0:00; later issues (through 1996-09) say -1:00. --- 113 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1824 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00s 1825 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 1826 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1994 1827 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 1828 2:00 EU EE%sT 1829 1830# Russia 1831 | 1750# that Portugal is reverting to 0:00 by not moving its clocks this spring. 1751# The new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter. 1752# 1753# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-12): 1754# IATA SSIM (1991-09) reports several 1991-09 and 1992-09 transitions 1755# at 02:00u, not 01:00u. Assume that these are typos. 1756# IATA SSIM (1991/1992) reports that the Azores were at -1:00. 1757# IATA SSIM (1993-02) says +0:00; later issues (through 1996-09) say -1:00. --- 113 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1871 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00s 1872 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 1873 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1994 1874 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 1875 2:00 EU EE%sT 1876 1877# Russia 1878 |
| 1832# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-11-12): | 1879# From Paul Eggert (1999-11-12): |
| 1833# Except for Moscow after 1919-07-01, I invented the time zone abbreviations. 1834# Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991, 1835# are from Andrey A. Chernov. The rest is from Shanks, except we follow 1836# Chernov's report that 1992 DST transitions were Sat 23:00, not Sun 02:00s. 1837# | 1880# Except for Moscow after 1919-07-01, I invented the time zone abbreviations. 1881# Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991, 1882# are from Andrey A. Chernov. The rest is from Shanks, except we follow 1883# Chernov's report that 1992 DST transitions were Sat 23:00, not Sun 02:00s. 1884# |
| 1838# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski <S.A.Kuz@iae.nsk.su> (1994-06-29): | 1885# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski (1994-06-29): |
| 1839# But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow! 1840# I do not know why they have decided to make this change; 1841# as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching 1842# so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch. 1843# | 1886# But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow! 1887# I do not know why they have decided to make this change; 1888# as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching 1889# so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch. 1890# |
| 1844# From Andrey A. Chernov <ache@nagual.ru> (1996-10-04): | 1891# From Andrey A. Chernov (1996-10-04): |
| 1845# `MSK' and `MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with 1846# UNIX-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group).... 1847# The next step was the UUCP network, the Relcom predecessor 1848# (used mainly for mail), and MSK/MSD was actively used there. 1849# | 1892# `MSK' and `MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with 1893# UNIX-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group).... 1894# The next step was the UUCP network, the Relcom predecessor 1895# (used mainly for mail), and MSK/MSD was actively used there. 1896# |
| 1850# From Chris Carrier <72157.3334@CompuServe.COM> (1996-10-30): | 1897# From Chris Carrier (1996-10-30): |
| 1851# According to a friend of mine who rode the Trans-Siberian Railroad from 1852# Moscow to Irkutsk in 1995, public air and rail transport in Russia ... 1853# still follows Moscow time, no matter where in Russia it is located. 1854# 1855# For Grozny, Chechnya, we have the following story from 1856# John Daniszewski, "Scavengers in the Rubble", Los Angeles Times (2001-02-07): 1857# News--often false--is spread by word of mouth. A rumor that it was 1858# time to move the clocks back put this whole city out of sync with --- 171 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 2030 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 2031 2032# Serbia and Montenegro 2033# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2034Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884 2035 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 2036 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s 2037 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s | 1898# According to a friend of mine who rode the Trans-Siberian Railroad from 1899# Moscow to Irkutsk in 1995, public air and rail transport in Russia ... 1900# still follows Moscow time, no matter where in Russia it is located. 1901# 1902# For Grozny, Chechnya, we have the following story from 1903# John Daniszewski, "Scavengers in the Rubble", Los Angeles Times (2001-02-07): 1904# News--often false--is spread by word of mouth. A rumor that it was 1905# time to move the clocks back put this whole city out of sync with --- 171 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 2077 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 2078 2079# Serbia and Montenegro 2080# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2081Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884 2082 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 2083 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s 2084 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s |
| 2038# Metod Kozelj <metod.kozelj@rzs-hm.si> reports that the legal date of | 2085# Metod Kozelj reports that the legal date of |
| 2039# transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time. 2040# Shanks doesn't give as much detail, so go with Kozelj. 2041 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27 2042 1:00 EU CE%sT 2043Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana # Slovenia 2044Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Sarajevo # Bosnia and Herzegovina 2045Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Skopje # Macedonia 2046Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Zagreb # Croatia --- 257 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 2304Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880 2305 2:16 - SMT 1924 May 2 # Simferopol Mean T 2306 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 2307 3:00 - MSK 1941 Nov 2308 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Apr 13 2309 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 2310 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 2311 2:00 - EET 1992 | 2086# transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time. 2087# Shanks doesn't give as much detail, so go with Kozelj. 2088 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27 2089 1:00 EU CE%sT 2090Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana # Slovenia 2091Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Sarajevo # Bosnia and Herzegovina 2092Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Skopje # Macedonia 2093Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Zagreb # Croatia --- 257 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 2351Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880 2352 2:16 - SMT 1924 May 2 # Simferopol Mean T 2353 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 2354 3:00 - MSK 1941 Nov 2355 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Apr 13 2356 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 2357 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 2358 2:00 - EET 1992 |
| 2312# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-11-12): | 2359# From Paul Eggert (1999-11-12): |
| 2313# The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that central Crimea switched 2314# from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections. 2315# Shanks says ``date of change uncertain'', but implies that it happened 2316# sometime between the 1994 DST switches. For now, guess it changed in May. 2317 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1994 May 2318# From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev. 2319 3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 Mar 31 3:00s 2320 3:00 1:00 MSD 1996 Oct 27 3:00s --- 13 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 2334# uses the WE DST rules. The Western USSR uses EET+1 and ME DST rules. 2335# Bernard Sieloff's source claims Romania switches on the same day, but at 2336# 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST). It also claims that Turkey 2337# switches on the same day, but switches on at 01:00 standard time 2338# and off at 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST) 2339 2340# ... 2341# Date: Wed, 28 Jan 87 16:56:27 -0100 | 2360# The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that central Crimea switched 2361# from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections. 2362# Shanks says ``date of change uncertain'', but implies that it happened 2363# sometime between the 1994 DST switches. For now, guess it changed in May. 2364 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1994 May 2365# From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev. 2366 3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 Mar 31 3:00s 2367 3:00 1:00 MSD 1996 Oct 27 3:00s --- 13 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 2381# uses the WE DST rules. The Western USSR uses EET+1 and ME DST rules. 2382# Bernard Sieloff's source claims Romania switches on the same day, but at 2383# 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST). It also claims that Turkey 2384# switches on the same day, but switches on at 01:00 standard time 2385# and off at 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST) 2386 2387# ... 2388# Date: Wed, 28 Jan 87 16:56:27 -0100 |
| 2342# From: seismo!mcvax!cgcha!wtho (Tom Hofmann) 2343# Message-Id: <8701281556.AA22174@cgcha.uucp> | 2389# From: Tom Hofmann |
| 2344# ... 2345# 2346# ...the European time rules are...standardized since 1981, when 2347# most European coun[tr]ies started DST. Before that year, only 2348# a few countries (UK, France, Italy) had DST, each according 2349# to own national rules. In 1981, however, DST started on 2350# 'Apr firstSun', and not on 'Mar lastSun' as in the following 2351# years... 2352# But also since 1981 there are some more national exceptions 2353# than listed in 'europe': Switzerland, for example, joined DST 2354# one year later, Denmark ended DST on 'Oct 1' instead of 'Sep 2355# lastSun' in 1981---I don't know how they handle now. 2356# 2357# Finally, DST ist always from 'Apr 1' to 'Oct 1' in the 2358# Soviet Union (as far as I know). 2359# 2360# Tom Hofmann, Scientific Computer Center, CIBA-GEIGY AG, 2361# 4002 Basle, Switzerland | 2390# ... 2391# 2392# ...the European time rules are...standardized since 1981, when 2393# most European coun[tr]ies started DST. Before that year, only 2394# a few countries (UK, France, Italy) had DST, each according 2395# to own national rules. In 1981, however, DST started on 2396# 'Apr firstSun', and not on 'Mar lastSun' as in the following 2397# years... 2398# But also since 1981 there are some more national exceptions 2399# than listed in 'europe': Switzerland, for example, joined DST 2400# one year later, Denmark ended DST on 'Oct 1' instead of 'Sep 2401# lastSun' in 1981---I don't know how they handle now. 2402# 2403# Finally, DST ist always from 'Apr 1' to 'Oct 1' in the 2404# Soviet Union (as far as I know). 2405# 2406# Tom Hofmann, Scientific Computer Center, CIBA-GEIGY AG, 2407# 4002 Basle, Switzerland |
| 2362# UUCP: ...!mcvax!cernvax!cgcha!wtho | 2408# ... |
| 2363 2364# ... 2365# Date: Wed, 4 Feb 87 22:35:22 +0100 | 2409 2410# ... 2411# Date: Wed, 4 Feb 87 22:35:22 +0100 |
| 2366# From: seismo!mcvax!cwi.nl!dik (Dik T. Winter) | 2412# From: Dik T. Winter |
| 2367# ... 2368# 2369# The information from Tom Hofmann is (as far as I know) not entirely correct. 2370# After a request from chongo at amdahl I tried to retrieve all information 2371# about DST in Europe. I was able to find all from about 1969. 2372# 2373# ...standardization on DST in Europe started in about 1977 with switches on 2374# first Sunday in April and last Sunday in September... --- 9 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 2384# all countries abided to these dates, and many individual deviations 2385# occurred, though not since 1982 I believe. Another note: it is always 2386# assumed that DST is 1 hour ahead of normal time, this need not be the 2387# case; at least in the Netherlands there have been times when DST was 2 hours 2388# in advance of normal time. 2389# 2390# ... 2391# dik t. winter, cwi, amsterdam, nederland | 2413# ... 2414# 2415# The information from Tom Hofmann is (as far as I know) not entirely correct. 2416# After a request from chongo at amdahl I tried to retrieve all information 2417# about DST in Europe. I was able to find all from about 1969. 2418# 2419# ...standardization on DST in Europe started in about 1977 with switches on 2420# first Sunday in April and last Sunday in September... --- 9 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 2430# all countries abided to these dates, and many individual deviations 2431# occurred, though not since 1982 I believe. Another note: it is always 2432# assumed that DST is 1 hour ahead of normal time, this need not be the 2433# case; at least in the Netherlands there have been times when DST was 2 hours 2434# in advance of normal time. 2435# 2436# ... 2437# dik t. winter, cwi, amsterdam, nederland |
| 2392# INTERNET : dik@cwi.nl 2393# BITNET/EARN: dik@mcvax | 2438# ... |
| 2394 2395# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28): 2396# ... 2397# Greece: Last Sunday in April to last Sunday in September (iffy on dates). 2398# Since 1978. Change at midnight. 2399# ... 2400# Monaco: has same DST as France. 2401# ... | 2439 2440# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28): 2441# ... 2442# Greece: Last Sunday in April to last Sunday in September (iffy on dates). 2443# Since 1978. Change at midnight. 2444# ... 2445# Monaco: has same DST as France. 2446# ... |