| europe (121098) | europe (136638) |
|---|---|
| 1# @(#)europe 7.84 | 1# @(#)europe 7.88 |
| 2 3# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 4# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 5# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). 6 7# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-10-29): 8# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 9# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition), --- 114 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 124# to oddities like polls opening at 08:13 and closing at 16:13. 125# The legal system finally switched to GMT when the Statutes (Definition 126# of Time) Act took effect; it received the Royal Assent on 1880-08-02. 127# 128# In the tables below, we condense this complicated story into a single 129# transition date for London, namely 1847-12-01. We don't know as much 130# about Dublin, so we use 1880-08-02, the legal transition time. 131 | 2 3# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 4# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 5# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). 6 7# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-10-29): 8# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 9# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition), --- 114 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 124# to oddities like polls opening at 08:13 and closing at 16:13. 125# The legal system finally switched to GMT when the Statutes (Definition 126# of Time) Act took effect; it received the Royal Assent on 1880-08-02. 127# 128# In the tables below, we condense this complicated story into a single 129# transition date for London, namely 1847-12-01. We don't know as much 130# about Dublin, so we use 1880-08-02, the legal transition time. 131 |
| 132# From Paul Eggert (2003-07-29): | 132# From Paul Eggert (2003-09-27): |
| 133# Summer Time was first seriously proposed by William Willett (1857-1915), 134# a London builder and member of the Royal Astronomical Society 135# who circulated a pamphlet ``The Waste of Daylight'' (1907) 136# that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April, 137# and retarding them by the same amount on four Sundays in September. 138# A bill was drafted in 1909 and introduced in Parliament several times, 139# but it met with ridicule and opposition, especially from farming interests. 140# Later editions of the pamphlet proposed one-hour summer time, and 141# it was eventually adopted as a wartime measure in 1916. 142# See: Summer Time Arrives Early, The Times (2000-05-18). 143# A monument to Willett was unveiled on 1927-05-21, in an open space in | 133# Summer Time was first seriously proposed by William Willett (1857-1915), 134# a London builder and member of the Royal Astronomical Society 135# who circulated a pamphlet ``The Waste of Daylight'' (1907) 136# that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April, 137# and retarding them by the same amount on four Sundays in September. 138# A bill was drafted in 1909 and introduced in Parliament several times, 139# but it met with ridicule and opposition, especially from farming interests. 140# Later editions of the pamphlet proposed one-hour summer time, and 141# it was eventually adopted as a wartime measure in 1916. 142# See: Summer Time Arrives Early, The Times (2000-05-18). 143# A monument to Willett was unveiled on 1927-05-21, in an open space in |
| 144# a 45-acre wood near Chiselhurst, Kent that was purchased by popular | 144# a 45-acre wood near Chislehurst, Kent that was purchased by popular |
| 145# subscription and open to the public. On the south face of the monolith, 146# designed by G. W. Miller, is the the William Willett Memorial Sundial, 147# which is permanently set to Summer Time. 148 149# From Winston Churchill (1934-04-28): 150# It is one of the paradoxes of history that we should owe the boon of 151# summer time, which gives every year to the people of this country 152# between 160 and 170 hours more daylight leisure, to a war which --- 549 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 702 2:00 Bulg EE%sT 1982 Sep 26 2:00 703 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 704 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 705 2:00 EU EE%sT 706 707# Croatia 708# see Serbia and Montenegro 709 | 145# subscription and open to the public. On the south face of the monolith, 146# designed by G. W. Miller, is the the William Willett Memorial Sundial, 147# which is permanently set to Summer Time. 148 149# From Winston Churchill (1934-04-28): 150# It is one of the paradoxes of history that we should owe the boon of 151# summer time, which gives every year to the people of this country 152# between 160 and 170 hours more daylight leisure, to a war which --- 549 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 702 2:00 Bulg EE%sT 1982 Sep 26 2:00 703 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 704 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 705 2:00 EU EE%sT 706 707# Croatia 708# see Serbia and Montenegro 709 |
| 710# Cyprus 711# See the `asia' file. 712 |
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| 710# Czech Republic 711# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 712Rule Czech 1945 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S 713Rule Czech 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - 714Rule Czech 1946 only - May 6 2:00s 1:00 S 715Rule Czech 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 716Rule Czech 1947 only - Apr 20 2:00s 1:00 S 717Rule Czech 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S --- 195 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 913Rule Finland 1942 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 914Rule Finland 1942 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 915# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 916Zone Europe/Helsinki 1:39:52 - LMT 1878 May 31 917 1:39:52 - HMT 1921 May # Helsinki Mean Time 918 2:00 Finland EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00 919 2:00 EU EE%sT 920 | 713# Czech Republic 714# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 715Rule Czech 1945 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S 716Rule Czech 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - 717Rule Czech 1946 only - May 6 2:00s 1:00 S 718Rule Czech 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 719Rule Czech 1947 only - Apr 20 2:00s 1:00 S 720Rule Czech 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S --- 195 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 916Rule Finland 1942 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 917Rule Finland 1942 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 918# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 919Zone Europe/Helsinki 1:39:52 - LMT 1878 May 31 920 1:39:52 - HMT 1921 May # Helsinki Mean Time 921 2:00 Finland EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00 922 2:00 EU EE%sT 923 |
| 924# Aaland Is 925Link Europe/Helsinki Europe/Mariehamn 926 927 |
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| 921# France 922 923# From Ciro Discepolo (2000-12-20): 924# 925# Henri Le Corre, Regimes Horaires pour le monde entier, Editions 926# Traditionnelles - Paris 2 books, 1993 927# 928# Gabriel, Traite de l'heure dans le monde, Guy Tredaniel editeur, --- 897 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1826# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski <S.A.Kuz@iae.nsk.su> (1994-06-29): 1827# But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow! 1828# I do not know why they have decided to make this change; 1829# as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching 1830# so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch. 1831# 1832# From Andrey A. Chernov <ache@nagual.ru> (1996-10-04): 1833# `MSK' and `MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with | 928# France 929 930# From Ciro Discepolo (2000-12-20): 931# 932# Henri Le Corre, Regimes Horaires pour le monde entier, Editions 933# Traditionnelles - Paris 2 books, 1993 934# 935# Gabriel, Traite de l'heure dans le monde, Guy Tredaniel editeur, --- 897 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1833# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski <S.A.Kuz@iae.nsk.su> (1994-06-29): 1834# But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow! 1835# I do not know why they have decided to make this change; 1836# as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching 1837# so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch. 1838# 1839# From Andrey A. Chernov <ache@nagual.ru> (1996-10-04): 1840# `MSK' and `MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with |
| 1834# Unix-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group).... | 1841# UNIX-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group).... |
| 1835# The next step was the UUCP network, the Relcom predecessor 1836# (used mainly for mail), and MSK/MSD was actively used there. 1837# 1838# From Chris Carrier <72157.3334@CompuServe.COM> (1996-10-30): 1839# According to a friend of mine who rode the Trans-Siberian Railroad from 1840# Moscow to Irkutsk in 1995, public air and rail transport in Russia ... 1841# still follows Moscow time, no matter where in Russia it is located. 1842# --- 104 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1947# Ust'-Ordynskij Buryatskij avtonomnyj okrug. 1948Zone Asia/Irkutsk 6:57:20 - LMT 1880 1949 6:57:20 - IMT 1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time 1950 7:00 - IRKT 1930 Jun 21 # Irkutsk Time 1951 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1952 7:00 Russia IRK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1953 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 1954# | 1842# The next step was the UUCP network, the Relcom predecessor 1843# (used mainly for mail), and MSK/MSD was actively used there. 1844# 1845# From Chris Carrier <72157.3334@CompuServe.COM> (1996-10-30): 1846# According to a friend of mine who rode the Trans-Siberian Railroad from 1847# Moscow to Irkutsk in 1995, public air and rail transport in Russia ... 1848# still follows Moscow time, no matter where in Russia it is located. 1849# --- 104 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1954# Ust'-Ordynskij Buryatskij avtonomnyj okrug. 1955Zone Asia/Irkutsk 6:57:20 - LMT 1880 1956 6:57:20 - IMT 1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time 1957 7:00 - IRKT 1930 Jun 21 # Irkutsk Time 1958 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1959 7:00 Russia IRK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1960 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 1961# |
| 1955# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] | 1962# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of] |
| 1956# Aginskij Buryatskij avtonomnyj okrug, Amurskaya oblast', 1957# [parts of] Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya), Chitinskaya oblast'. | 1963# Aginskij Buryatskij avtonomnyj okrug, Amurskaya oblast', 1964# [parts of] Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya), Chitinskaya oblast'. |
| 1958# 1959# From Alan Pritchard (2001-08-24): [The Sakha districts are:] 1960# Aldansky, Amginsky, Anabarsky, Bulunsky, Churapchinsky, 1961# Eveno-Bytantaisky, Gorny, Khangalassky, Kobyaisky, Lensky, 1962# Megino-Kangalassky, Mirninsky, Namsky, Nyurbinsky, Olenyoksky, 1963# Olyokminsky, Srednekolymsky, Suntarsky, Tattinsky, Ust-Aldansky, 1964# Verkhnekolymsky, Verkhnevilyuisky, Vilyuisky, Zhigansky. | 1965# The Sakha districts are: Aldanskij, Amginskij, Anabarskij, 1966# Bulunskij, Verkhnekolymskij, Verkhnevilyujskij, Vilyujskij, Gornyj, 1967# Zhiganskij, Kobyajskij, Lenskij, Megino-Kangalasskij, Mirninskij, 1968# Namskij, Nyurbinskij, Olenekskij, Olekminskij, Srednekolymskij, 1969# Suntarskij, Tattinskij, Ust'-Aldanskij, Khangalasskij, 1970# Churapchinskij, Eveno-Bytantajskij. |
| 1965Zone Asia/Yakutsk 8:38:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 1966 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time 1967 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1968 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1969 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1970# | 1971Zone Asia/Yakutsk 8:38:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 1972 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time 1973 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1974 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1975 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1976# |
| 1971# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] | 1977# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of] |
| 1972# Evrejskaya avtonomnaya oblast', Khabarovskij kraj, Primorskij kraj, 1973# [parts of] Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya). | 1978# Evrejskaya avtonomnaya oblast', Khabarovskij kraj, Primorskij kraj, 1979# [parts of] Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya). |
| 1974# 1975# From Alan Pritchard (2001-08-24): [The Sakha districts are:] 1976# Tomponsky, Ust-Maisky, Ust-Yansky, Verkhoyansky. | 1980# The Sakha districts are: Verkhoyanskij, Tomponskij, Ust'-Majskij, 1981# Ust'-Yanskij. |
| 1977Zone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:44 - LMT 1922 Nov 15 1978 9:00 - VLAT 1930 Jun 21 # Vladivostok Time 1979 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1980 9:00 Russia VLA%sST 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1981 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 1982# 1983# Sakhalinskaya oblast'. 1984# The Zone name should be Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, but that's too long. 1985Zone Asia/Sakhalin 9:30:48 - LMT 1905 Aug 23 1986 9:00 - CJT 1938 1987 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 25 1988 11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s # Sakhalin T. 1989 10:00 Russia SAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1990 11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1997 Mar lastSun 2:00s 1991 10:00 Russia SAK%sT 1992# | 1982Zone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:44 - LMT 1922 Nov 15 1983 9:00 - VLAT 1930 Jun 21 # Vladivostok Time 1984 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1985 9:00 Russia VLA%sST 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1986 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 1987# 1988# Sakhalinskaya oblast'. 1989# The Zone name should be Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, but that's too long. 1990Zone Asia/Sakhalin 9:30:48 - LMT 1905 Aug 23 1991 9:00 - CJT 1938 1992 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 25 1993 11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s # Sakhalin T. 1994 10:00 Russia SAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1995 11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1997 Mar lastSun 2:00s 1996 10:00 Russia SAK%sT 1997# |
| 1993# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] | 1998# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of] |
| 1994# Magadanskaya oblast', Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya). | 1999# Magadanskaya oblast', Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya). |
| 1995# 1996# From Alan Pritchard (2001-08-24): [The Sakha districts are:] 1997# Abyisky, Allaikhovsky, Momsky, Nizhnekolymsky, Oimyakonsky. | 2000# Probably also: Kuril Islands. 2001# The Sakha districts are: Abyjskij, Allaikhovskij, Momskij, 2002# Nizhnekolymskij, Ojmyakonskij. |
| 1998Zone Asia/Magadan 10:03:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 1999 10:00 - MAGT 1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time 2000 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2001 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2002 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 2003# 2004# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] 2005# Kamchatskaya oblast', Koryakskij avtonomnyj okrug. --- 386 unchanged lines hidden --- | 2003Zone Asia/Magadan 10:03:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 2004 10:00 - MAGT 1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time 2005 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2006 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2007 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 2008# 2009# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] 2010# Kamchatskaya oblast', Koryakskij avtonomnyj okrug. --- 386 unchanged lines hidden --- |