| europe (114173) | europe (121098) |
|---|---|
| 1# @(#)europe 7.83 | 1# @(#)europe 7.84 |
| 2 3# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 4# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 5# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). 6 7# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-10-29): 8# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 9# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition), --- 9 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 19# and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 20# 21# Other sources occasionally used include: 22# 23# Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 24# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), 25# which I found in the UCLA library. 26# | 2 3# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 4# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 5# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). 6 7# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-10-29): 8# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 9# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition), --- 9 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 19# and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 20# 21# Other sources occasionally used include: 22# 23# Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 24# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), 25# which I found in the UCLA library. 26# |
| 27# <a href="http://www.pettswoodvillage.co.uk/Daylight_Savings_William_Willett.pdf"> 28# William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition 29# </a> (1914-03) 30# |
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| 27# Brazil's Departamento Servico da Hora (DSH), 28# <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HISTHV.htm"> 29# History of Summer Time 30# </a> (1998-09-21, in Portuguese) 31 32# 33# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; 34# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. --- 85 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 120# to oddities like polls opening at 08:13 and closing at 16:13. 121# The legal system finally switched to GMT when the Statutes (Definition 122# of Time) Act took effect; it received the Royal Assent on 1880-08-02. 123# 124# In the tables below, we condense this complicated story into a single 125# transition date for London, namely 1847-12-01. We don't know as much 126# about Dublin, so we use 1880-08-02, the legal transition time. 127 | 31# Brazil's Departamento Servico da Hora (DSH), 32# <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HISTHV.htm"> 33# History of Summer Time 34# </a> (1998-09-21, in Portuguese) 35 36# 37# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; 38# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. --- 85 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 124# to oddities like polls opening at 08:13 and closing at 16:13. 125# The legal system finally switched to GMT when the Statutes (Definition 126# of Time) Act took effect; it received the Royal Assent on 1880-08-02. 127# 128# In the tables below, we condense this complicated story into a single 129# transition date for London, namely 1847-12-01. We don't know as much 130# about Dublin, so we use 1880-08-02, the legal transition time. 131 |
| 128# From Paul Eggert (1999-01-30): | 132# From Paul Eggert (2003-07-29): |
| 129# Summer Time was first seriously proposed by William Willett (1857-1915), 130# a London builder and member of the Royal Astronomical Society 131# who circulated a pamphlet ``The Waste of Daylight'' (1907) 132# that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April, 133# and retarding them by the same amount on four Sundays in September. 134# A bill was drafted in 1909 and introduced in Parliament several times, 135# but it met with ridicule and opposition, especially from farming interests. | 133# Summer Time was first seriously proposed by William Willett (1857-1915), 134# a London builder and member of the Royal Astronomical Society 135# who circulated a pamphlet ``The Waste of Daylight'' (1907) 136# that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April, 137# and retarding them by the same amount on four Sundays in September. 138# A bill was drafted in 1909 and introduced in Parliament several times, 139# but it met with ridicule and opposition, especially from farming interests. |
| 136# One-hour Summer Time was eventually adopted as a wartime measure in 1916. 137# See: 138# <a href="http://www.the-times.co.uk/news/pages/tim/2000/05/18/x-timcrtcrt01011.html"> 139# Summer Time Arrives Early, The Times (2000-05-18) 140# </a> 141# A monument was erected in 1927 to Willett, in an open space in a 45-acre wood 142# near Chiselhurst, Kent that was purchased by popular subscription and open 143# to the public. | 140# Later editions of the pamphlet proposed one-hour summer time, and 141# it was eventually adopted as a wartime measure in 1916. 142# See: Summer Time Arrives Early, The Times (2000-05-18). 143# A monument to Willett was unveiled on 1927-05-21, in an open space in 144# a 45-acre wood near Chiselhurst, Kent that was purchased by popular 145# subscription and open to the public. On the south face of the monolith, 146# designed by G. W. Miller, is the the William Willett Memorial Sundial, 147# which is permanently set to Summer Time. |
| 144 | 148 |
| 149# From Winston Churchill (1934-04-28): 150# It is one of the paradoxes of history that we should owe the boon of 151# summer time, which gives every year to the people of this country 152# between 160 and 170 hours more daylight leisure, to a war which 153# plunged Europe into darkness for four years, and shook the 154# foundations of civilization throughout the world. 155# -- <a href="http://www.winstonchurchill.org/fh114willett.htm"> 156# "A Silent Toast to William Willett", Pictorial Weekly 157# </a> 158 |
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| 145# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): 146# The OED Supplement says that the English originally said ``Daylight Saving'' 147# when they were debating the adoption of DST in 1908; but by 1916 this 148# term appears only in quotes taken from DST's opponents, whereas the 149# proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using ``Summer''. 150 151# From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-19): 152# --- 1165 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1318 1:36:24 - RMT 1926 May 11 1319 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 5 1320 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jul 1321 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 13 1322 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar lastSun 2:00s 1323 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep lastSun 2:00s 1324 2:00 Latvia EE%sT 1997 Jan 21 1325 2:00 EU EE%sT 2000 Feb 29 | 159# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): 160# The OED Supplement says that the English originally said ``Daylight Saving'' 161# when they were debating the adoption of DST in 1908; but by 1916 this 162# term appears only in quotes taken from DST's opponents, whereas the 163# proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using ``Summer''. 164 165# From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-19): 166# --- 1165 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1332 1:36:24 - RMT 1926 May 11 1333 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 5 1334 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jul 1335 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 13 1336 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar lastSun 2:00s 1337 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep lastSun 2:00s 1338 2:00 Latvia EE%sT 1997 Jan 21 1339 2:00 EU EE%sT 2000 Feb 29 |
| 1326 2:00 - EET 2001 | 1340 2:00 - EET 2001 Jan 2 |
| 1327 2:00 EU EE%sT 1328 1329# Liechtenstein 1330# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1331Zone Europe/Vaduz 0:38:04 - LMT 1894 Jun 1332 1:00 - CET 1981 1333 1:00 EU CE%sT 1334 --- 410 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1745Rule Port 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00s 0 - 1746Rule Port 1978 1979 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 S 1747Rule Port 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1748Rule Port 1979 1982 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 1749Rule Port 1980 only - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S 1750Rule Port 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 1751Rule Port 1983 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 1752# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] | 1341 2:00 EU EE%sT 1342 1343# Liechtenstein 1344# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1345Zone Europe/Vaduz 0:38:04 - LMT 1894 Jun 1346 1:00 - CET 1981 1347 1:00 EU CE%sT 1348 --- 410 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1759Rule Port 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00s 0 - 1760Rule Port 1978 1979 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 S 1761Rule Port 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1762Rule Port 1979 1982 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 1763Rule Port 1980 only - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S 1764Rule Port 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 1765Rule Port 1983 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 1766# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
| 1767# Shanks says that the transition from LMT to WET occurred 1911-05-24; 1768# Willett says 1912-01-01. Go with Willett. |
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| 1753Zone Europe/Lisbon -0:36:32 - LMT 1884 | 1769Zone Europe/Lisbon -0:36:32 - LMT 1884 |
| 1754 -0:36:32 - LMT 1911 May 24 # Lisbon Mean Time | 1770 -0:36:32 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 # Lisbon Mean Time |
| 1755 0:00 Port WE%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 1756 1:00 - CET 1976 Sep 26 1:00 1757 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 1758 0:00 W-Eur WE%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s 1759 1:00 EU CE%sT 1996 Mar 31 1:00u 1760 0:00 EU WE%sT 1761Zone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada 1762 -1:54:32 - HMT 1911 May 24 # Horta Mean Time --- 613 unchanged lines hidden --- | 1771 0:00 Port WE%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 1772 1:00 - CET 1976 Sep 26 1:00 1773 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 1774 0:00 W-Eur WE%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s 1775 1:00 EU CE%sT 1996 Mar 31 1:00u 1776 0:00 EU WE%sT 1777Zone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada 1778 -1:54:32 - HMT 1911 May 24 # Horta Mean Time --- 613 unchanged lines hidden --- |