1# @(#)europe 7.80 |
2 |
3# $FreeBSD: head/share/zoneinfo/europe 86222 2001-11-09 19:17:59Z wollman $ |
4 5# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 6# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 7# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). 8 9# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-10-29): 10# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 11# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition), 12# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999). 13# |
14# Gwillim Law writes that a good source |
15# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 16# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 17# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 18# of the IATA's data after 1990. 19# 20# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1991, 21# and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 22# --- 15 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 38# std dst 39# LMT Local Mean Time 40# -4:00 AST Atlantic 41# -3:00 WGT WGST Western Greenland* 42# -1:00 EGT EGST Eastern Greenland* 43# 0:00 GMT BST Greenwich, British Summer 44# 0:00 GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer 45# 0:00 WET WEST Western Europe |
46# 0:19:32 AMT NST Amsterdam, Netherlands Summer (1835-1937)* 47# 0:20 NET NEST Netherlands (1937-1940)* |
48# 1:00 CET CEST Central Europe |
49# 1:00:14 SET Swedish (1879-1899)* |
50# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe 51# 3:00 MSK MSD Moscow 52# 53# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones, especially in Britain, 54# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 55 56# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-12-04), 57# The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy, --- 145 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 203# From Joseph S. Myers <jsm28@cam.ac.uk> (1998-01-06): 204# 205# The legal time in the UK outside of summer time is definitely GMT, not UTC; 206# see Lord Tanlaw's speech 207# <a href="http://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/ld199697/ldhansrd/pdvn/lds97/text/70611-20.htm#70611-20_head0"> 208# (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976) 209# </a>. 210 |
211# From Paul Eggert (2001-07-18): |
212# 213# For lack of other data, we'll follow Shanks for Eire in 1940-1948. 214# 215# Given Ilieve and Myers's data, the following claims by Shanks are incorrect: 216# * Wales did not switch from GMT to daylight saving time until 217# 1921 Apr 3, when they began to conform with the rest of Great Britain. 218# Actually, Wales was identical after 1880. 219# * Eire had two transitions on 1916 Oct 1. --- 11 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 231# S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382 and HO 45/10811/312364 (quoted above) say otherwise. 232# 233# The following claim by Shanks is possible though doubtful; 234# we'll ignore it for now. 235# * Dublin's 1971-10-31 switch was at 02:00, even though London's was 03:00. 236# 237# 238# Whitman says Dublin Mean Time was -0:25:21, which is more precise than Shanks. |
239# Perhaps this was Dunsink Observatory Time, as Dunsink Observatory 240# (8 km NW of Dublin's center) seemingly was to Dublin as Greenwich was 241# to London. For example: 242# 243# "Timeball on the ballast office is down. Dunsink time." 244# -- James Joyce, Ulysses |
245 246# From Paul Eggert (1999-03-28): 247# Clive Feather (<news:859845706.26043.0@office.demon.net>, 1997-03-31) 248# reports that Folkestone (Cheriton) Shuttle Terminal uses Concession Time 249# (CT), equivalent to French civil time. 250# Julian Hill (<news:36118128.5A14@virgin.net>, 1998-09-30) reports that 251# trains between Dollands Moor (the freight facility next door) 252# and Frethun run in CT. --- 124 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 377 378# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 379Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Dec 1 380 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27 381 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 382 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996 383 0:00 EU GMT/BST 384Zone Europe/Belfast -0:23:40 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 |
385 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 # Dublin/Dunsink MT |
386 -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s # Irish Summer Time 387 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27 388 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 389 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996 390 0:00 EU GMT/BST |
391Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:00 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 392 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 |
393 -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s 394 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1921 Dec 6 # independence 395 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1940 Feb 25 2:00 396 0:00 1:00 IST 1946 Oct 6 2:00 397 0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00 398 0:00 1:00 IST 1947 Nov 2 2:00 399 0:00 - GMT 1948 Apr 18 2:00 400 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1968 Oct 27 --- 330 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 731# 732# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 733# Greenland joined the EU as part of Denmark, obtained home rule on 1979-05-01, 734# and left the EU on 1985-02-01. It therefore should have been using EU 735# rules at least through 1984. Shanks says Scoresbysund and Godthab 736# used C-Eur rules after 1980, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says they use EU 737# rules since at least 1991. Assume EU rules since 1980. 738 |
739# From Gwillin Law (2001-06-06), citing 740# <http://www.statkart.no/efs/efshefter/2001/efs5-2001.pdf> (2001-03-15), 741# and with translations corrected by Steffen Thorsen: |
742# |
743# Greenland has four local times, and the relation to UTC 744# is according to the following time line: 745# 746# The military zone near Thule UTC-4 747# Standard Greenland time UTC-3 748# Scoresbysund UTC-1 749# Danmarkshavn UTC 750# 751# In the military area near Thule and in Danmarkshavn DST will not be 752# introduced. 753 754# From Paul Eggert (2001-09-29): 755# The 1997 CIA map shows Danmarkshavn on GMT; the 1995 map as like Godthab. 756# For lack of better info, assume they were like Godthab before 1996. 757# The 2000 IATA shows Thule as observing DST, so assume they stopped in 2001. 758 759# |
760# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S |
761Rule Thule 1993 2000 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 762Rule Thule 1993 2000 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S |
763# 764# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
765Zone America/Danmarkshavn -1:14:40 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 766 -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 767 -3:00 EU WG%sT 1996 768 0:00 - GMT |
769Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:29:00 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormiit 770 -2:00 - CGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 771 -2:00 C-Eur CG%sT 1981 Mar 29 772 -1:00 EU EG%sT 773Zone America/Godthab -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Nuuk 774 -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 775 -3:00 EU WG%sT 776Zone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik air base --- 331 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1108 -1:27:48 - RMT 1908 # Reykjavik Mean Time? 1109 -1:00 Iceland IS%sT 1968 Apr 7 1:00s 1110 0:00 - GMT 1111 1112# Italy 1113# 1114# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06): 1115# Sicily and Sardinia each had their own time zones from 1866 to 1893, |
1116# called Palermo Time (+00:53:28) and Cagliari Time (+00:36:32). |
1117# During World War II, German-controlled Italy used German time. 1118# But these events all occurred before the 1970 cutoff, 1119# so record only the time in Rome. 1120# 1121# From Paul Eggert (1996-05-06): 1122# For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks, Whitman, and F. Pollastri 1123# <a href="http://toi.iriti.cnr.it/uk/ienitlt.html"> 1124# Day-light Saving Time in Italy (1996-03-14) --- 276 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1401# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1402Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 1403 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 1404 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 1405 1:00 France CE%sT 1977 1406 1:00 EU CE%sT 1407 1408# Netherlands |
1409 |
1410# Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940, 1411# but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time. |
1412 1413# However, Robert H. van Gent writes (2001-04-01): 1414# Howse's statement is only correct up to 1909. From 1909-05-01 (00:00:00 1415# Amsterdam mean time) onwards, the whole of the Netherlands (including 1416# the Dutch railways) was required by law to observe Amsterdam mean time 1417# (19 minutes 32.13 seconds ahead of GMT). This had already been the 1418# common practice (except for the railways) for many decades but it was 1419# not until 1909 when the Dutch government finally defined this by law. 1420# On 1937-07-01 this was changed to 20 minutes (exactly) ahead of GMT and 1421# was generally known as Dutch Time ("Nederlandse Tijd"). 1422# 1423# (2001-04-08): 1424# 1892-05-01 was the date when the Dutch railways were by law required to 1425# observe GMT while the remainder of the Netherlands adhered to the common 1426# practice of following Amsterdam mean time. 1427# 1428# (2001-04-09): 1429# In 1835 the authorities of the province of North Holland requested the 1430# municipal authorities of the towns and cities in the province to observe 1431# Amsterdam mean time but I do not know in how many cases this request was 1432# actually followed. 1433# 1434# From 1852 onwards the Dutch telegraph offices were by law required to 1435# observe Amsterdam mean time. As the time signals from the observatory of 1436# Leiden were also distributed by the telegraph system, I assume that most 1437# places linked up with the telegraph (and railway) system automatically 1438# adopted Amsterdam mean time. 1439# 1440# Although the early Dutch railway companies initially observed a variety 1441# of times, most of them had adopted Amsterdam mean time by 1858 but it 1442# was not until 1866 when they were all required by law to observe 1443# Amsterdam mean time. 1444 1445# The data before 1945 are taken from |
1446# <http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/wettijd/wettijd.htm>. |
1447 |
1448# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1449Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time 1450Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time 1451Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST 1452Rule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT 1453Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST |
1454Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep lastMon 2:00s 0 AMT |
1455Rule Neth 1922 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST 1456Rule Neth 1922 1936 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 AMT 1457Rule Neth 1923 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST 1458Rule Neth 1924 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST 1459Rule Neth 1925 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST |
1460# From 1926 through 1939 DST began 05-15, except that it was delayed by a week 1461# in years when 05-15 fell in the Pentecost weekend. |
1462Rule Neth 1926 1931 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST 1463Rule Neth 1932 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST 1464Rule Neth 1933 1936 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST 1465Rule Neth 1937 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST 1466Rule Neth 1937 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S 1467Rule Neth 1937 1939 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 - 1468Rule Neth 1938 1939 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 S 1469Rule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 1470Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - |
1471# 1472# Amsterdam Mean Time was +00:19:32.13 exactly, but the .13 is omitted 1473# below because the current format requires GMTOFF to be an integer. |
1474# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
1475Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:32 - LMT 1835 1476 0:19:32 Neth %s 1937 Jul 1 1477 0:20 Neth NE%sT 1940 May 16 0:00 # Dutch Time |
1478 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 1479 1:00 Neth CE%sT 1977 1480 1:00 EU CE%sT 1481 1482# Norway 1483# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1484# Whitman gives 1916 May 21 - 1916 Oct 21; go with Shanks. 1485Rule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 S 1486Rule Norway 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 1487# Whitman says DST observed 1935-08-11/1942-11-01, then 1943-03-29/10-04, 1488# 1944-04-03/10-02, and 1945-04-01/10-01; go with Shanks. 1489Rule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 1490Rule Norway 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - 1491Rule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 S 1492Rule Norway 1959 1965 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 1493Rule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 S 1494# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
1495Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895 Jan 1 |
1496 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1940 Aug 10 23:00 1497 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 1498 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1980 1499 1:00 EU CE%sT 1500 1501# Svalbard & Jan Mayen |
1502 1503# From Steffen Thorsen (2001-05-01): 1504# Although I could not find it explicitly, it seems that Jan Mayen and 1505# Svalbard have been using the same time as Norway at least since the 1506# time they were declared as parts of Norway. Svalbard was declared 1507# as a part of Norway by law of 1925-07-17 no 11, section 4 and Jan 1508# Mayen by law of 1930-02-27 no 2, section 2. (From 1509# http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19250717-011.html and 1510# http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19300227-002.html). The law/regulation 1511# for normal/standard time in Norway is from 1894-06-29 no 1 (came 1512# into operation on 1895-01-01) and Svalbard/Jan Mayen seem to be a 1513# part of this law since 1925/1930. (From 1514# http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-18940629-001.html ) I have not been 1515# able to find if Jan Mayen used a different time zone (e.g. -0100) 1516# before 1930. Jan Mayen has only been "inhabitated" since 1921 by 1517# Norwegian meteorologists and maybe used the same time as Norway ever 1518# since 1921. Svalbard (Arctic/Longyearbyen) has been inhabited since 1519# before 1895, and therefore probably changed the local time somewhere 1520# between 1895 and 1925 (inclusive). 1521 1522# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-01): 1523# 1524# Actually, Jan Mayen was never occupied by Germany during World War II, 1525# so it must have diverged from Oslo time during the war, as Olso was 1526# keeping Berlin time. 1527# 1528# <http://home.no.net/janmayen/history.htm> says that the meteorologists 1529# burned down their station in 1940 and left the island, but returned in 1530# 1941 with a small Norwegian garrison and continued operations despite 1531# frequent air ttacks from Germans. In 1943 the Americans established a 1532# radiolocating station on the island, called "Atlantic City". Possibly 1533# the UTC offset changed during the war, but I think it unlikely that 1534# Jan Mayen used German daylight-saving rules. 1535# 1536# Svalbard is more complicated, as it was raided in August 1941 by an 1537# Allied party that evacuated the civilian population to England (says 1538# <http://www.bartleby.com/65/sv/Svalbard.html>). The Svalbard FAQ 1539# <http://www.svalbard.com/SvalbardFAQ.html> says that the Germans were 1540# expelled on 1942-05-14. However, small parties of Germans did return, 1541# and according to Wilhelm Dege's book "War North of 80" (1954) 1542# <http://www.utpress.utoronto.ca/publishing/rights/dege_warnorthof80.htm> 1543# the German armed forces at the Svalbard weather station code-named 1544# Haudegen did not surrender to the Allies until September 1945. 1545# 1546# All these events predate our cutoff date of 1970. Unless we can 1547# come up with more definitive info about the timekeeping during the 1548# war years it's probably best just do do the following for now: |
1549Link Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen |
1550Link Europe/Oslo Atlantic/Jan_Mayen |
1551 1552# Poland 1553# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1554Rule Poland 1918 1919 - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 1555Rule Poland 1919 only - Apr 15 2:00s 1:00 S 1556# Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks. 1557Rule Poland 1944 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 1558# For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks. --- 127 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1686 -0:36:32 - LMT 1911 May 24 # Lisbon Mean Time 1687 0:00 Port WE%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 1688 1:00 - CET 1976 Sep 26 1:00 1689 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 1690 0:00 W-Eur WE%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s 1691 1:00 EU CE%sT 1996 Mar 31 1:00u 1692 0:00 EU WE%sT 1693Zone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada |
1694 -1:54:32 - HMT 1911 May 24 # Horta Mean Time |
1695 -2:00 Port AZO%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Azores Time 1696 -1:00 Port AZO%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 1697 -1:00 W-Eur AZO%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s 1698 0:00 EU WE%sT 1993 Mar 28 1:00u 1699 -1:00 EU AZO%sT 1700Zone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal |
1701 -1:07:36 - FMT 1911 May 24 # Funchal Mean Time |
1702 -1:00 Port MAD%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Madeira Time 1703 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 1704 0:00 EU WE%sT 1705 1706# Romania 1707# 1708# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-07): 1709# <a href="http://www.nineoclock.ro/POL/1778pol.html"> --- 24 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1734# Russia 1735 1736# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-11-12): 1737# Except for Moscow after 1919-07-01, I invented the time zone abbreviations. 1738# Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991, 1739# are from Andrey A. Chernov. The rest is from Shanks, except we follow 1740# Chernov's report that 1992 DST transitions were Sat 23:00, not Sun 02:00s. 1741# |
1742# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski <S.A.Kuz@iae.nsk.su> (1994-06-29): 1743# But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow! 1744# I do not know why they have decided to make this change; 1745# as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching 1746# so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch. 1747# |
1748# From Andrey A. Chernov <ache@nagual.ru> (1996-10-04): 1749# `MSK' and `MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with 1750# Unix-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group).... 1751# The next step was the UUCP network, the Relcom predecessor 1752# (used mainly for mail), and MSK/MSD was actively used there. 1753# 1754# From Chris Carrier <72157.3334@CompuServe.COM> (1996-10-30): 1755# According to a friend of mine who rode the Trans-Siberian Railroad from 1756# Moscow to Irkutsk in 1995, public air and rail transport in Russia ... 1757# still follows Moscow time, no matter where in Russia it is located. 1758# 1759# For Grozny, Chechnya, we have the following story from 1760# John Daniszewski, "Scavengers in the Rubble", Los Angeles Times (2001-02-07): 1761# News--often false--is spread by word of mouth. A rumor that it was 1762# time to move the clocks back put this whole city out of sync with 1763# the rest of Russia for two weeks--even soldiers stationed here began 1764# enforcing curfew at the wrong time. 1765# |
1766# From Gwillim Law (2001-06-05): 1767# There's considerable evidence that Sakhalin Island used to be in 1768# UTC+11, and has changed to UTC+10, in this decade. I start with the 1769# SSIM, which listed Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk in zone RU10 along with Magadan 1770# until February 1997, and then in RU9 with Khabarovsk and Vladivostok 1771# since September 1997.... Although the Kuril Islands are 1772# administratively part of Sakhalin oblast', they appear to have 1773# remained on UTC+11 along with Magadan. 1774# |
1775# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
1776# 1777# Kaliningradskaya oblast'. 1778Zone Europe/Kaliningrad 1:22:00 - LMT 1893 Apr |
1779 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 1780 2:00 Poland CE%sT 1946 1781 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1782 2:00 Russia EE%sT |
1783# 1784# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] 1785# Respublika Adygeya, Arkhangel'skaya oblast', Astrakhanskaya oblast', 1786# Belgorodskaya oblast', Bryanskaya oblast', Vladimirskaya oblast', 1787# Volgogradskaya oblast', Vologodskaya oblast', Voronezhskaya oblast', 1788# Respublika Dagestan, Ivanovskaya oblast', Respublika Ingushetiya, 1789# Kabarbino-Balkarskaya Respublika, Respublika Kalmykiya, 1790# Kalyzhskaya oblast', Respublika Karachaevo-Cherkessiya, 1791# Respublika Kareliya, Kirovskaya oblast', Respublika Komi, 1792# Kostromskaya oblast', Krasnodarskij kraj, Kurskaya oblast', 1793# Leningradskaya oblast', Lipetskaya oblast', Respublika Marij El, 1794# Respublika Mordoviya, Moskva, Moskovskaya oblast', 1795# Murmanskaya oblast', Nenetskij avtonomnyj okrug, 1796# Nizhegorodskaya oblast', Novgorodskaya oblast', Orlovskaya oblast', 1797# Penzenskaya oblast', Pskovskaya oblast', Rostovskaya oblast', 1798# Ryazanskaya oblast', Sankt-Peterburg, Saratovskaya oblast', 1799# Respublika Severnaya Osetiya, Smolenskaya oblast', 1800# Stavropol'skij kraj, Tambovskaya oblast', Respublika Tatarstan, 1801# Tverskaya oblast', Tyl'skaya oblast', Ul'yanovskaya oblast', 1802# Chechenskaya Respublika, Chuvashskaya oblast', 1803# Yaroslavskaya oblast' |
1804Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:20 - LMT 1880 1805 2:30 - MMT 1916 Jul 3 # Moscow Mean Time 1806 2:30:48 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 2:00 1807 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1922 Oct 1808 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 1809 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1810 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1811 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD |
1812# 1813# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] 1814# Samarskaya oblast', Udmyrtskaya respublika |
1815Zone Europe/Samara 3:20:36 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 2:00 1816 3:00 - KUYT 1930 Jun 21 # Kuybyshev 1817 4:00 Russia KUY%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 1818 3:00 Russia KUY%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1819 2:00 Russia KUY%sT 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 1820 3:00 - KUYT 1991 Oct 20 3:00 1821 4:00 Russia SAM%sT # Samara Time |
1822# 1823# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] 1824# Respublika Bashkortostan, Komi-Permyatskij avtonomnyj okrug, 1825# Kurganskaya oblast', Orenburgskaya oblast', Permskaya oblast', 1826# Sverdlovskaya oblast', Tyumenskaya oblast', 1827# Khanty-Manskijskij avtonomnyj okrug, Chelyabinskaya oblast', 1828# Yamalo-Nenetskij avtonomnyj okrug. |
1829Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:24 - LMT 1919 Jul 15 4:00 1830 4:00 - SVET 1930 Jun 21 # Sverdlovsk Time 1831 5:00 Russia SVE%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1832 4:00 Russia SVE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1833 5:00 Russia YEK%sT # Yekaterinburg Time |
1834# 1835# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] 1836# Respublika Altaj, Altajskij kraj, Omskaya oblast'. |
1837Zone Asia/Omsk 4:53:36 - LMT 1919 Nov 14 1838 5:00 - OMST 1930 Jun 21 # Omsk TIme 1839 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1840 5:00 Russia OMS%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1841 6:00 Russia OMS%sT |
1842# 1843# Novosibirskaya oblast'. |
1844Zone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 14 6:00 1845 6:00 - NOVT 1930 Jun 21 # Novosibirsk Time 1846 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1847 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1848 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1993 May 23 # says Shanks 1849 6:00 Russia NOV%sT |
1850# 1851# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] 1852# Kemerovskaya oblast', Krasnoyarskij kraj, 1853# Tajmyrskij (Dolgano-Nenetskij) avtonomnyj okrug, Tomskaya oblast', 1854# Respublika Tuva, Respublika Khakasiya, Evenkijskij avtonomnyj okrug. |
1855Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk 6:11:20 - LMT 1920 Jan 6 1856 6:00 - KRAT 1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time 1857 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1858 6:00 Russia KRA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1859 7:00 Russia KRA%sT |
1860# 1861# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] 1862# Respublika Buryatiya, Irkutskaya oblast', 1863# Ust'-Ordynskij Buryatskij avtonomnyj okrug. |
1864Zone Asia/Irkutsk 6:57:20 - LMT 1880 1865 6:57:20 - IMT 1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time 1866 7:00 - IRKT 1930 Jun 21 # Irkutsk Time 1867 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1868 7:00 Russia IRK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1869 8:00 Russia IRK%sT |
1870# 1871# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] 1872# Aginskij Buryatskij avtonomnyj okrug, Amurskaya oblast', 1873# [parts of] Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya), Chitinskaya oblast'. 1874# 1875# From Alan Pritchard (2001-08-24): [The Sakha districts are:] 1876# Aldansky, Amginsky, Anabarsky, Bulunsky, Churapchinsky, 1877# Eveno-Bytantaisky, Gorny, Khangalassky, Kobyaisky, Lensky, 1878# Megino-Kangalassky, Mirninsky, Namsky, Nyurbinsky, Olenyoksky, 1879# Olyokminsky, Srednekolymsky, Suntarsky, Tattinsky, Ust-Aldansky, 1880# Verkhnekolymsky, Verkhnevilyuisky, Vilyuisky, Zhigansky. |
1881Zone Asia/Yakutsk 8:38:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 1882 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time 1883 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1884 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1885 9:00 Russia YAK%sT |
1886# 1887# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] 1888# Evrejskaya avtonomnaya oblast', Khabarovskij kraj, Primorskij kraj, 1889# [parts of] Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya). 1890# 1891# From Alan Pritchard (2001-08-24): [The Sakha districts are:] 1892# Tomponsky, Ust-Maisky, Ust-Yansky, Verkhoyansky. |
1893Zone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:44 - LMT 1922 Nov 15 1894 9:00 - VLAT 1930 Jun 21 # Vladivostok Time 1895 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1896 9:00 Russia VLA%sST 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1897 10:00 Russia VLA%sT |
1898# 1899# Sakhalinskaya oblast'. 1900# The Zone name should be Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, but that's too long. 1901Zone Asia/Sakhalin 9:30:48 - LMT 1905 Aug 23 1902 9:00 - CJT 1938 1903 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 25 1904 11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s # Sakhalin T. 1905 10:00 Russia SAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1906 11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1997 Mar lastSun 2:00s 1907 10:00 Russia SAK%sT 1908# 1909# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] 1910# Magadanskaya oblast', Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya). 1911# 1912# From Alan Pritchard (2001-08-24): [The Sakha districts are:] 1913# Abyisky, Allaikhovsky, Momsky, Nizhnekolymsky, Oimyakonsky. |
1914Zone Asia/Magadan 10:03:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 1915 10:00 - MAGT 1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time 1916 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1917 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1918 11:00 Russia MAG%sT |
1919# 1920# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] 1921# Kamchatskaya oblast', Koryakskij avtonomnyj okrug. 1922# 1923# The Zone name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski, but that's too long. |
1924Zone Asia/Kamchatka 10:34:36 - LMT 1922 Nov 10 1925 11:00 - PETT 1930 Jun 21 # P-K Time 1926 12:00 Russia PET%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1927 11:00 Russia PET%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1928 12:00 Russia PET%sT |
1929# 1930# Chukotskij avtonomnyj okrug |
1931Zone Asia/Anadyr 11:49:56 - LMT 1924 May 2 1932 12:00 - ANAT 1930 Jun 21 # Anadyr Time 1933 13:00 Russia ANA%sT 1982 Apr 1 0:00s 1934 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1935 11:00 Russia ANA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1936 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 1937 1938# Slovakia --- 68 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 2007 -1:00 - CANT 1946 Sep 30 1:00 # Canaries Time 2008 0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s 2009 0:00 1:00 WEST 1980 Sep 28 0:00s 2010 0:00 EU WE%sT 2011# IATA SSIM (1996-09) says the Canaries switch at 2:00u, not 1:00u. 2012# Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU. 2013 2014# Sweden |
2015 2016# From Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13), superseding Shanks: 2017# 2018# The law "Svensk forfattningssamling 1878, no 14" about standard time in 1879: 2019# From the beginning of 1879 (that is 01-01 00:00) the time for all 2020# places in the country is "the mean solar time for the meridian at 2021# three degrees, or twelve minutes of time, to the west of the 2022# meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated 1878-05-31. 2023# 2024# The observatory at that time had the meridian 18 degrees 03' 30" 2025# eastern longitude = 01:12:14 in time. Less 12 minutes gives the 2026# national standard time as 01:00:14 ahead of GMT.... 2027# 2028# About the beginning of CET in Sweden. The lawtext ("Svensk 2029# forfattningssamling 1899, no 44") states, that "from the beginning 2030# of 1900... ... the same as the mean solar time for the meridian at 2031# the distance of one hour of time from the meridian of the English 2032# observatory at Greenwich, or at 12 minutes 14 seconds to the west 2033# from the meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated 2034# 1899-06-16. In short: At 1900-01-01 00:00:00 the new standard time 2035# in Sweden is 01:00:00 ahead of GMT. 2036# 2037# 1916: The lawtext ("Svensk forfattningssamling 1916, no 124") states 2038# that "1916-05-15 is considered to begin one hour earlier". It is 2039# pretty obvious that at 05-14 23:00 the clocks are set to 05-15 00:00.... 2040# Further the law says, that "1916-09-30 is considered to end one hour later". 2041# 2042# The laws regulating [DST] are available on the site of the Swedish 2043# Parliament beginning with 1985 - the laws regulating 1980/1984 are 2044# not available on the site (to my knowledge they are only available 2045# in Swedish): <http://www.riksdagen.se/english/work/sfst.asp> (type 2046# "sommartid" without the quotes in the field "Fritext" and then click 2047# the Sok-button). 2048# 2049# (2001-05-13): 2050# 2051# I have now found a newspaper stating that at 1916-10-01 01:00 2052# summertime the church-clocks etc were set back one hour to show 2053# 1916-10-01 00:00 standard time. The article also reports that some 2054# people thought the switch to standard time would take place already 2055# at 1916-10-01 00:00 summer time, but they had to wait for another 2056# hour before the event took place. 2057# 2058# Source: The newspaper "Dagens Nyheter", 1916-10-01, page 7 upper left. 2059 |
2060# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] |
2061Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1879 Jan 1 2062 1:00:14 - SET 1900 Jan 1 # Swedish Time 2063 1:00 - CET 1916 May 14 23:00 2064 1:00 1:00 CEST 1916 Oct 1 01:00 |
2065 1:00 - CET 1980 2066 1:00 EU CE%sT 2067 2068# Switzerland 2069# From Howse: 2070# By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace 2071# and their performance improved enormously. Communities began to keep 2072# mean time in preference to apparent time -- Geneva from 1780 .... --- 226 unchanged lines hidden --- |