1# @(#)europe 7.16
| 1# @(#)europe 7.17
|
2
3# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
4# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
5# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
6
7# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993):
8# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
9# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (3rd edition),
10# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991).
11# Except where otherwise noted, it is the source for the data below.
12#
13# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
14# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
15# I found in the UCLA library.
16#
17# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
18# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
19# The starred Russian names are dubious. Corrections are welcome!
20# std dst
21# LMT Local Mean Time
22# LST Local Star Time (Russian ``mestnoe zvezdnoe vremya'')
23# -4:00 AST Atlantic
24# -3:00 WGT+DST Western Greenland*
25# -2:00 MGT+DST Middle Greenland*
26# -1:00 EGT+DST Eastern Greenland*
27# -1:00 ACT+DST Azores and Canaries*
28# -1:00 IST IDT Iceland (no longer used)*
29# 0:00 GMT BST Greenwich, British Summer
30# 0:00 WET+DST Western Europe
31# 1:00 MET+DST Middle Europe
32# 2:00 EET+DST Eastern Europe
33# 3:00 MSK MSD Moscow
34# 3:00 TUR+DST Turkey (no longer used)*
35# 4:00 KSK KSD Kuybyshev*
36# 5:00 ESK ESD Yekaterinburg*
37# 6:00 OSK OSD Omsk*
38# 6:00 NSK NSD Novosibirsk (was 7:00 until 1994)
39# 7:00 TSK TSD Tomsk*
40# 8:00 ISK ISD Irkutsk*
41# 9:00 YSK YSD Yakutsk*
42# 10:00 VSK VSD Vladivostok*
43# 11:00 GSK GSD Magadan*
44# 12:00 PSK PSD Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski*
45# 13:00 ASK ASD Anadyr*
46#
47# See the `africa' file for Zone naming conventions.
48#
49# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones, especially in Britain,
50# is Derek Howse, Greenwich time and the discovery of the longitude,
51# Oxford University Press (1980).
52
53# From Andrew A. Chernov <ache@astral.msk.su> (November 12, 1993):
54# LST is Local Star Time (``mestnoe zvezdnoe vremya'').
55
| 2
3# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
4# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
5# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
6
7# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993):
8# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
9# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (3rd edition),
10# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991).
11# Except where otherwise noted, it is the source for the data below.
12#
13# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
14# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
15# I found in the UCLA library.
16#
17# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
18# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
19# The starred Russian names are dubious. Corrections are welcome!
20# std dst
21# LMT Local Mean Time
22# LST Local Star Time (Russian ``mestnoe zvezdnoe vremya'')
23# -4:00 AST Atlantic
24# -3:00 WGT+DST Western Greenland*
25# -2:00 MGT+DST Middle Greenland*
26# -1:00 EGT+DST Eastern Greenland*
27# -1:00 ACT+DST Azores and Canaries*
28# -1:00 IST IDT Iceland (no longer used)*
29# 0:00 GMT BST Greenwich, British Summer
30# 0:00 WET+DST Western Europe
31# 1:00 MET+DST Middle Europe
32# 2:00 EET+DST Eastern Europe
33# 3:00 MSK MSD Moscow
34# 3:00 TUR+DST Turkey (no longer used)*
35# 4:00 KSK KSD Kuybyshev*
36# 5:00 ESK ESD Yekaterinburg*
37# 6:00 OSK OSD Omsk*
38# 6:00 NSK NSD Novosibirsk (was 7:00 until 1994)
39# 7:00 TSK TSD Tomsk*
40# 8:00 ISK ISD Irkutsk*
41# 9:00 YSK YSD Yakutsk*
42# 10:00 VSK VSD Vladivostok*
43# 11:00 GSK GSD Magadan*
44# 12:00 PSK PSD Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski*
45# 13:00 ASK ASD Anadyr*
46#
47# See the `africa' file for Zone naming conventions.
48#
49# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones, especially in Britain,
50# is Derek Howse, Greenwich time and the discovery of the longitude,
51# Oxford University Press (1980).
52
53# From Andrew A. Chernov <ache@astral.msk.su> (November 12, 1993):
54# LST is Local Star Time (``mestnoe zvezdnoe vremya'').
55
|
| 56# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (December 4, 1994),
57# The original six [EU members]: Belguim, France, (West) Germany, Italy,
58# Luxembourg, the Netherlands.
59# Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom.
60# Plus, from 1 Jan 81: Greece.
61# Plus, from 1 Jan 86: Spain, Portugal.
62# Plus, from 1 Jan 95: Austria, Finland, Sweden. (Norway negotiated terms for
63# entry but in a referendum on 28 Nov 94 the people voted No by 52.2% to 47.8%
64# on a turnout of 88.6%. This was almost the same result as Norway's previous
65# referendum in 1972, they are the only country to have said No twice.
66# Referendums in the other three countries voted Yes.)
67# ...
68# The only [current nonmember using EU rules] I can speak for is Estonia,
69# which uses EU dates but not at 01:00 GMT, they use midnight GMT. I don't
70# think they know yet what they will do from 1996 onwards.
71# ...
72# There shouldn't be any [current members who are not using EU rules].
73# A Directive has the force of law, member states are obliged to enact
74# national law to implement it. The only contentious issue was the
75# different end date for the UK and Ireland, and this was always allowed
76# in the Directive.
77
|
56###############################################################################
57
58# United Kingdom
59
60# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (July 6, 1994):
61#
62# On 17 Jan 1994 the Independent, a UK quality newspaper, had a piece about
63# historical vistas along the Thames in west London. There was a photo
64# and a sketch map showing some of the sightlines involved. One paragraph
65# of the text said:
66#
67# `An old stone obelisk marking a forgotten terrestrial meridian stands
68# beside the river at Kew. In the 18th century, before time and longditude
69# was standardised by the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, scholars observed
70# this stone and the movement of stars from Kew Observatory nearby. They
71# made their calculations and set the time for the Horse Guards and Parliament,
72# but now the stone is obscured by scrubwood and can only be seen by walking
73# along the towpath within a few yards of it.'
74#
75# I have a one inch to one mile map of London and my estimate of the stone's
76# position is 51 deg. 28' 30" N, 0 deg. 18' 45" W. The longditude should
77# be within about +-2". The Ordnance Survey grid reference is TQ172761.
78#
79# [This yields GMTOFF = -0:01:15 for London LMT in the 18th century.]
80
81# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993):
82#
83# Howse writes that Britain was the first country to use standard time.
84# The railways cared most about the inconsistencies of local mean time,
85# and it was they who forced a uniform time on the country.
86# The original idea was credited to Dr. William Hyde Wollaston (1766-1828);
87# it was popularized in 1840 by Capt. Basil Hall, RN (1788-1844),
88# famed explorer and former Commissioner for Longitude.
89# The first railway to adopt London time was the Great Western Railway
90# in November 1840; other railways followed suit, and by 1847 most
91# (though not all) railways used London time. On 1847 Sep 22 the
92# Railway Clearing House, an industry standards body, recommended that GMT be
93# adopted at all stations; the January 1848 Bradshaw's lists most major
94# railways as using GMT. By 1855 the vast majority of public
95# clocks in Britain were set to GMT (though some, like the Great Clock
96# in Tom Tower at Christ Church, Oxford, were fitted with two minute hands,
97# one for local time and one for GMT). The last major holdout was the legal
98# system, which stubbornly stuck to local time for many years, leading
99# to oddities like polls opening at 08:13 and closing at 16:13.
100# The legal system finally switched to GMT when the Statutes (Definition
101# of Time) Act took effect; it received the Royal Assent on 1880 Aug 2.
102#
103# In the tables below, we condense this complicated story into a single
104# transition date for London, namely 1847 Sep 22. We don't know as much
105# about Dublin, so we use 1880 Aug 2, the legal transition time.
106
107# From Arthur David Olson (January 19, 1989):
108#
109# A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's
110# known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom.
111
112# Date: 4 Jan 89 08:57:25 GMT (Wed)
113# From: Jonathan Leffler <nih-csl!uunet!mcvax!sphinx.co.uk!john>
114# [British Summer Time] is fixed annually by Act of Parliament.
115# If you can predict what Parliament will do, you should be in
116# politics making a fortune, not computing.
117
118# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (September 3, 1993):
119#
| 78###############################################################################
79
80# United Kingdom
81
82# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (July 6, 1994):
83#
84# On 17 Jan 1994 the Independent, a UK quality newspaper, had a piece about
85# historical vistas along the Thames in west London. There was a photo
86# and a sketch map showing some of the sightlines involved. One paragraph
87# of the text said:
88#
89# `An old stone obelisk marking a forgotten terrestrial meridian stands
90# beside the river at Kew. In the 18th century, before time and longditude
91# was standardised by the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, scholars observed
92# this stone and the movement of stars from Kew Observatory nearby. They
93# made their calculations and set the time for the Horse Guards and Parliament,
94# but now the stone is obscured by scrubwood and can only be seen by walking
95# along the towpath within a few yards of it.'
96#
97# I have a one inch to one mile map of London and my estimate of the stone's
98# position is 51 deg. 28' 30" N, 0 deg. 18' 45" W. The longditude should
99# be within about +-2". The Ordnance Survey grid reference is TQ172761.
100#
101# [This yields GMTOFF = -0:01:15 for London LMT in the 18th century.]
102
103# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993):
104#
105# Howse writes that Britain was the first country to use standard time.
106# The railways cared most about the inconsistencies of local mean time,
107# and it was they who forced a uniform time on the country.
108# The original idea was credited to Dr. William Hyde Wollaston (1766-1828);
109# it was popularized in 1840 by Capt. Basil Hall, RN (1788-1844),
110# famed explorer and former Commissioner for Longitude.
111# The first railway to adopt London time was the Great Western Railway
112# in November 1840; other railways followed suit, and by 1847 most
113# (though not all) railways used London time. On 1847 Sep 22 the
114# Railway Clearing House, an industry standards body, recommended that GMT be
115# adopted at all stations; the January 1848 Bradshaw's lists most major
116# railways as using GMT. By 1855 the vast majority of public
117# clocks in Britain were set to GMT (though some, like the Great Clock
118# in Tom Tower at Christ Church, Oxford, were fitted with two minute hands,
119# one for local time and one for GMT). The last major holdout was the legal
120# system, which stubbornly stuck to local time for many years, leading
121# to oddities like polls opening at 08:13 and closing at 16:13.
122# The legal system finally switched to GMT when the Statutes (Definition
123# of Time) Act took effect; it received the Royal Assent on 1880 Aug 2.
124#
125# In the tables below, we condense this complicated story into a single
126# transition date for London, namely 1847 Sep 22. We don't know as much
127# about Dublin, so we use 1880 Aug 2, the legal transition time.
128
129# From Arthur David Olson (January 19, 1989):
130#
131# A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's
132# known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom.
133
134# Date: 4 Jan 89 08:57:25 GMT (Wed)
135# From: Jonathan Leffler <nih-csl!uunet!mcvax!sphinx.co.uk!john>
136# [British Summer Time] is fixed annually by Act of Parliament.
137# If you can predict what Parliament will do, you should be in
138# politics making a fortune, not computing.
139
140# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (September 3, 1993):
141#
|
120# I have some more up to date info.
121#
| |
122# Our Government...couldn't...make a decision after the 1989 consultation
123# exercise about the UK changing its timezone so it just let things drift
124# (different from deciding to keep the status quo). According to the
125# Summer Time Order 1992 (SI 1992/1729) the dates of Summer Time for 1993
126# and 1994 are:
127# Start End
128# 1993 28 March 24 October
129# 1994 27 March 23 October
130# All start and end times are at 01:00 GMT.
131#
132# There [was] an error in your tables for the start and end times prior to 1981.
133# The UK always used to change at 02:00 GMT. In 1981 it changed to 01:00 GMT
134# as a part of EC harmonisation and has remained at that time since.
135#
136# I have found the default algorithm for UK Summer Time, it is in the
137# Summer Time Act 1972. Section 1 states that in the absence of an Order
138# in Council Summer Time starts at 02:00 GMT on the morning of the day
139# after the third Saturday in March, unless that day is Easter Day, in
140# which case it is the morning of the day after the second Saturday.
141# It ends at 02:00 GMT on the morning of the day after the fourth Saturday
142# in October. (All the redundant `morning of the day ...' is in the Act.)
143# This is only of passing interest now as it will always be overridden by
144# an Order in Council (a Statutary Instrument, the SI thing mentioned above)
145# to specify the EC specified dates.
146
147# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (October 18, 1993):
148#
149# My contact in the Ministry of Defence Public Relations department
150# accepted the challenge of looking into this and produced the following,
151# from Hansard (the official record of the UK Parliament), Oral Answers,
152# 1 March 1945, cols 1559--60:
153#
154# `58. Major Sir Goronwy Owen asked the Secretary of State for the Home
155# Department if he is now able to state the Government's proposals
156# regarding double summer time.
157#
158# [two other similar questions omitted]
159#
160# Mr. H. Morrison: The Government, in reviewing the matter, have
161# considered, [...] the conclusion has been reached that the adoption of
162# double summer time from the beginning of April is essential to the
163# maintenance of the war effort. [...] As 1st April is Easter Sunday,
164# when very early services are held in many churches, it is proposed that
165# double summer time shall start not in the night preceding Easter
166# Sunday, but in the night of Sunday- Monday so that it will operate from
167# Monday, 2nd April.'
168
169# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (September 3, 1993):
170#
171# > # Current rules
172# > Rule GB-Eire 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 BST
173# > Rule GB-Eire 1981 max - Oct Sun>=23 1:00s 0 GMT
174#
175# The ending rule here doesn't match the EC rules, which specify the fourth
176# Sunday in October for the UK and Eire. The `fourth Sunday' rule wasn't
177# followed in 1989, but then the sixth EC directive wasn't in force then
178# and I don't know what previous ones said. 1995 is the next year with
179# the 4th Sun on 22 Oct, but that year isn't covered by the UK Summer Time
180# Order or the sixth EC directive. Your Oct Sun>=23 rule matches history
181# and with things only announced for 2 years or so in advance who knows
182# what will happen.
183#
184# There are renewed rumours that the Government here will make another
185# attempt at resolving this issue, which is what prompted me to start
186# asking the Home Office and the EC about it again. The EC categorically
187# state they are not asking anybody to change timezone, they only want
188# common start/end dates. The UK Govt. seem to want to change our zone
189# and blame the resulting fuss on the EC. Me, I think we should scrap
190# summer time completely, noon is when the Sun is overhead, and that should
191# be the end of it.
192
193# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (October 22, 1993):
194#
195# I now have the text of the Summer Time Act 1916, the granddaddy of them all.
196# It is headed: `An Act to provide for the Time in Great Britain and Ireland
197# being in advance of Greenwich and Dublin mean time respectively in the
198# summer months'.
199#
200# It specifies 21 May and 1 October for 1916 (both at 02:00 GMT) and whatever
201# dates an Order in Council may specify for subsequent years.
202#
203# Section 4 states: `This act shall apply to Ireland in like manner as it
204# applies to Great Britain, with the substitution however of references
205# to Dublin mean time for references to Greenwich mean time.'
206#
207# Lorna, my learned legal friend who supplied it, also offers this quote
208# from Halsbury's Statutes on the extent of Acts:
209#
210# `An Act of the United Kingdom Parliament is to be construed prima facie
211# to apply to the whole of the United Kingdom and not to any place outside.
212# [...] The expression "United Kingdom" for this purpose includes (since
213# 1922) Great Britain (ie. England, Wales and Scotland) and Northern Ireland,
214# but it does not include the Channel Islands or the Isle of Man.'
215#
216# She goes on to say the seminal event of 1922 was the establishment of
217# the Irish Free State, now called Eire.
218#
219# The Act doesn't say anything about Wales (or Scotland) so I would assert
220# that Shanks is wrong here. I would like to know why he thinks Wales
221# was different.
222#
223# It also confirms the fact that Ireland followed Dublin time back then,
224# and 25 minutes behind Greenwich, as Shanks has it, would be correct.
225
226# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (October 28, 1993):
227#
228# I now have before me, thanks to my learned legal friend Lorna, the text of
229# the Time (Ireland) Act 1916.
230#
231# It says that as from 2 AM Dublin Mean Time on 1 October 1916 the time
232# for general purposes in Ireland shall be the same as the rest of Great
233# Britain (ie. GMT with the Summer Time periods specified by the Summer Time
234# Act 1916).... As Ireland was behind GMT/BST at 02:00 DMT on 1 Oct GB would
235# have already put the clocks back. Using DST as Dublin Summer Time the
236# sequence would have been:
237# Dublin London
238# 02:34 DST 02:59 BST
239# 02:35 DST 02:00 GMT
240# 02:59 DST 02:24 GMT
241# 02:25 GMT 02:25 GMT
242# with the transition 03:00 DST -> 02:00 DMT -> 02:25 GMT all at once.
243#
244# In a table of repeals in the Schedule to the Act it mentions the
245# Statutes (Definition of Time) Act 1880. This is presumably the source
246# of the 1880 date in Shanks. The little bit of it that is repealed
247# also refers solely to Ireland and Dublin Mean Time.
248
249# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (October 29, 1993):
250#
251# My case is that, with the sole exception of Ireland in 1916 using Dublin
252# Mean Time, Summer Time has been uniform throughout the United Kingdom
253# ever since it first started in 1916.
254#
255# The United Kingdom is England, Wales and Scotland plus all of Ireland from
256# 1916 up to and including 1921, or plus Northern Ireland from 1922 to date.
257#
258# The dates used are those specified in the table in Summer Time: A Consultation
259# Document (Cm 722, 1989) that are now included in the europe file, with a
260# change to a single date, the start in 1924. I made a typo in my 1989 mail
261# and the table itself is also wrong. The correct date is 13 April.
262# The times were 02:00 GMT up to and including 1980, 01:00 GMT from 1981 on,
263# except for wartime double summer time.
264#
265# As evidence I would cite:
266#
267# - The Summer Time Act, 1916.
268#
269# This specifically states that it applies to Ireland, specifies dates of
270# 21 May and 1 October and times of 02:00, and says that in Ireland the
271# times relate to Dublin mean time. It specifies an offset of 1 hour.
272#
273# - The Time (Ireland) Act, 1916
274#
275# This abolishes Dublin mean time on 02:00 DMT 1 October 1916.
276# It repeals that section of the Statutes (Definition of Time) Act, 1880
277# that specifies DMT. It is therefore a safe bet that DMT existed at least
278# from 1880 and was the only alternative standard time in the UK.
279#
280# - The Summer Time Act, 1922
281#
282# This specifies an offset of 1 hour and dates of the day after the third
283# Saturday in April, unless that be Easter, in which case it is the day after
284# the second Saturday, and the day after the third Saturday in September.
285# The time is 02:00 GMT. It applied in 1922 and 1923, and longer if Parliament
286# so approved.
287#
288# It specifically states that it applies to Northern Ireland, the Channel
289# Islands, and the Isle of Man.
290#
291# - The Summer Time Act, 1925
292#
293# This makes the 1922 Act permanent, with a change to the end date to the
294# day after the first Saturday in October. It says nothing about extent,
295# so that part of the 1922 Act will still apply.
296#
297# - The Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939, SR&O 1939 No. 1379
298# [SR&O == Statutary Regulation and Order]
299#
300# These were made under the Emergency Powers (Defence) Act, 1939.
301# It changes the end date to be the day after the third Saturday in November.
302# It makes consequential changes to some vehicle lighting legislation,
303# which includes the Motor Vehicles and Road Traffic (Northern Ireland) Act,
304# 1934, so it seems clear it applies in Northern Ireland.
305#
306# - An Order in Council amending the The Defence (Summer Time) Regulations,
307# 1939, SR&O 1940 No. 1883
308#
309# This continues summer time throughout the year after it starts in 1940.
310# It says nothing about extent and has no consequential changes.
311#
312# - An Order in Council amending the The Defence (Summer Time) Regulations,
313# 1939, SR&O 1941 No. 476
314#
315# This introduces double summer time, starting at 01:00 GMT on the day after
316# the first Saturday in May and ending at 01:00 GMT on the day after the
317# second Saturday in August, offset another hour from normal summer time,
318# which continues throughout the rest of the year. It goes on a lot about
319# consequential changes to agricultural wages legislation, and says in part
320# `... and in its application to Northern Ireland have effect as
321# if for the references to the Agricultural Wages (Regulation) Acts, 1924 and
322# 1940, there were substituted references to the Agricultural Wages (Regulation)
323# Acts (Northern Ireland), 1939 and 1940, ...'. It also has a similar section
324# for Scotland. Both sections substitute the local Agricultural Wages Board
325# for the Agricultural Wages Board for England and Wales, showing that
326# England and Wales were indivisible.
327#
328# - An Order in Council amending the The Defence (Summer Time) Regulations,
329# 1939, SR&O 1942 No. 506
330#
331# This changes the start date of double summer time to the day after the first
332# Saturday in April. It says nothing about extent.
333#
334# - An Order in Council amending the The Defence (Summer Time) Regulations,
335# 1939, SR&O 1944 No. 932
336#
337# This changed the end date of double summer time to 17 September 1944.
338# (I don't have the text of this, just a note of what it did, the text almost
339# certainly had the `day after the nth Saturday' form.)
340#
341# (I am missing whatever regulations there were to change things in 1945
342# and the Summer Time Act, 1947.)
343#
344# - The British Standard Time Act, 1968
345#
346# This came into force on 27 October 1968 and continued summer time throughout
347# the year as an experiment until it expired on 31 October 1971.
348# There was no double summer time so we didn't have to change the clocks at all.
349# It specifically said it applied to Northern Ireland. It also said it
350# applied to Jersey, Guernsey and the Isle of Man unless they passed
351# measures saying it didn't.
352#
353# - The Manx Time Act, 1968
354#
355# This is an Act of Tynwald (the Isle of Man Parliament) that said that
356# henceforth Manx time would be the same as the time in Great Britain.
357#
358# - The Summer Time Act, 1972
359#
360# This specified a reversion to normal summer time behaviour with a start
361# date of the day after the third Saturday in March, unless that is Easter,
362# when it is the day after the second Saturday, and an end date of the day
363# after the fourth Saturday in October. Times are at 02:00 GMT, offset is
364# 1 hour.
365#
366# It has the same wording about extent as the British Standard Time Act, 1968,
367# applying to Northern Ireland unconditionally and to Jersey, Guernsey and the
368# Isle of Man if they don't do something about it.
369#
370# (I am missing various Summer Time Orders that modified the 1972 Act to
371# harmonise with the EC since 1981. The major change is that the time changes
372# to 01:00 GMT.)
373#
374# - The Summer Time Order, 1992, SI 1992/1729 [SI == Statutary Instrument]
375#
376# This specifies dates of:
377# Start End
378# 1993 28 March 24 October
379# 1994 27 March 23 October
| 142# Our Government...couldn't...make a decision after the 1989 consultation
143# exercise about the UK changing its timezone so it just let things drift
144# (different from deciding to keep the status quo). According to the
145# Summer Time Order 1992 (SI 1992/1729) the dates of Summer Time for 1993
146# and 1994 are:
147# Start End
148# 1993 28 March 24 October
149# 1994 27 March 23 October
150# All start and end times are at 01:00 GMT.
151#
152# There [was] an error in your tables for the start and end times prior to 1981.
153# The UK always used to change at 02:00 GMT. In 1981 it changed to 01:00 GMT
154# as a part of EC harmonisation and has remained at that time since.
155#
156# I have found the default algorithm for UK Summer Time, it is in the
157# Summer Time Act 1972. Section 1 states that in the absence of an Order
158# in Council Summer Time starts at 02:00 GMT on the morning of the day
159# after the third Saturday in March, unless that day is Easter Day, in
160# which case it is the morning of the day after the second Saturday.
161# It ends at 02:00 GMT on the morning of the day after the fourth Saturday
162# in October. (All the redundant `morning of the day ...' is in the Act.)
163# This is only of passing interest now as it will always be overridden by
164# an Order in Council (a Statutary Instrument, the SI thing mentioned above)
165# to specify the EC specified dates.
166
167# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (October 18, 1993):
168#
169# My contact in the Ministry of Defence Public Relations department
170# accepted the challenge of looking into this and produced the following,
171# from Hansard (the official record of the UK Parliament), Oral Answers,
172# 1 March 1945, cols 1559--60:
173#
174# `58. Major Sir Goronwy Owen asked the Secretary of State for the Home
175# Department if he is now able to state the Government's proposals
176# regarding double summer time.
177#
178# [two other similar questions omitted]
179#
180# Mr. H. Morrison: The Government, in reviewing the matter, have
181# considered, [...] the conclusion has been reached that the adoption of
182# double summer time from the beginning of April is essential to the
183# maintenance of the war effort. [...] As 1st April is Easter Sunday,
184# when very early services are held in many churches, it is proposed that
185# double summer time shall start not in the night preceding Easter
186# Sunday, but in the night of Sunday- Monday so that it will operate from
187# Monday, 2nd April.'
188
189# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (September 3, 1993):
190#
191# > # Current rules
192# > Rule GB-Eire 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 BST
193# > Rule GB-Eire 1981 max - Oct Sun>=23 1:00s 0 GMT
194#
195# The ending rule here doesn't match the EC rules, which specify the fourth
196# Sunday in October for the UK and Eire. The `fourth Sunday' rule wasn't
197# followed in 1989, but then the sixth EC directive wasn't in force then
198# and I don't know what previous ones said. 1995 is the next year with
199# the 4th Sun on 22 Oct, but that year isn't covered by the UK Summer Time
200# Order or the sixth EC directive. Your Oct Sun>=23 rule matches history
201# and with things only announced for 2 years or so in advance who knows
202# what will happen.
203#
204# There are renewed rumours that the Government here will make another
205# attempt at resolving this issue, which is what prompted me to start
206# asking the Home Office and the EC about it again. The EC categorically
207# state they are not asking anybody to change timezone, they only want
208# common start/end dates. The UK Govt. seem to want to change our zone
209# and blame the resulting fuss on the EC. Me, I think we should scrap
210# summer time completely, noon is when the Sun is overhead, and that should
211# be the end of it.
212
213# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (October 22, 1993):
214#
215# I now have the text of the Summer Time Act 1916, the granddaddy of them all.
216# It is headed: `An Act to provide for the Time in Great Britain and Ireland
217# being in advance of Greenwich and Dublin mean time respectively in the
218# summer months'.
219#
220# It specifies 21 May and 1 October for 1916 (both at 02:00 GMT) and whatever
221# dates an Order in Council may specify for subsequent years.
222#
223# Section 4 states: `This act shall apply to Ireland in like manner as it
224# applies to Great Britain, with the substitution however of references
225# to Dublin mean time for references to Greenwich mean time.'
226#
227# Lorna, my learned legal friend who supplied it, also offers this quote
228# from Halsbury's Statutes on the extent of Acts:
229#
230# `An Act of the United Kingdom Parliament is to be construed prima facie
231# to apply to the whole of the United Kingdom and not to any place outside.
232# [...] The expression "United Kingdom" for this purpose includes (since
233# 1922) Great Britain (ie. England, Wales and Scotland) and Northern Ireland,
234# but it does not include the Channel Islands or the Isle of Man.'
235#
236# She goes on to say the seminal event of 1922 was the establishment of
237# the Irish Free State, now called Eire.
238#
239# The Act doesn't say anything about Wales (or Scotland) so I would assert
240# that Shanks is wrong here. I would like to know why he thinks Wales
241# was different.
242#
243# It also confirms the fact that Ireland followed Dublin time back then,
244# and 25 minutes behind Greenwich, as Shanks has it, would be correct.
245
246# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (October 28, 1993):
247#
248# I now have before me, thanks to my learned legal friend Lorna, the text of
249# the Time (Ireland) Act 1916.
250#
251# It says that as from 2 AM Dublin Mean Time on 1 October 1916 the time
252# for general purposes in Ireland shall be the same as the rest of Great
253# Britain (ie. GMT with the Summer Time periods specified by the Summer Time
254# Act 1916).... As Ireland was behind GMT/BST at 02:00 DMT on 1 Oct GB would
255# have already put the clocks back. Using DST as Dublin Summer Time the
256# sequence would have been:
257# Dublin London
258# 02:34 DST 02:59 BST
259# 02:35 DST 02:00 GMT
260# 02:59 DST 02:24 GMT
261# 02:25 GMT 02:25 GMT
262# with the transition 03:00 DST -> 02:00 DMT -> 02:25 GMT all at once.
263#
264# In a table of repeals in the Schedule to the Act it mentions the
265# Statutes (Definition of Time) Act 1880. This is presumably the source
266# of the 1880 date in Shanks. The little bit of it that is repealed
267# also refers solely to Ireland and Dublin Mean Time.
268
269# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (October 29, 1993):
270#
271# My case is that, with the sole exception of Ireland in 1916 using Dublin
272# Mean Time, Summer Time has been uniform throughout the United Kingdom
273# ever since it first started in 1916.
274#
275# The United Kingdom is England, Wales and Scotland plus all of Ireland from
276# 1916 up to and including 1921, or plus Northern Ireland from 1922 to date.
277#
278# The dates used are those specified in the table in Summer Time: A Consultation
279# Document (Cm 722, 1989) that are now included in the europe file, with a
280# change to a single date, the start in 1924. I made a typo in my 1989 mail
281# and the table itself is also wrong. The correct date is 13 April.
282# The times were 02:00 GMT up to and including 1980, 01:00 GMT from 1981 on,
283# except for wartime double summer time.
284#
285# As evidence I would cite:
286#
287# - The Summer Time Act, 1916.
288#
289# This specifically states that it applies to Ireland, specifies dates of
290# 21 May and 1 October and times of 02:00, and says that in Ireland the
291# times relate to Dublin mean time. It specifies an offset of 1 hour.
292#
293# - The Time (Ireland) Act, 1916
294#
295# This abolishes Dublin mean time on 02:00 DMT 1 October 1916.
296# It repeals that section of the Statutes (Definition of Time) Act, 1880
297# that specifies DMT. It is therefore a safe bet that DMT existed at least
298# from 1880 and was the only alternative standard time in the UK.
299#
300# - The Summer Time Act, 1922
301#
302# This specifies an offset of 1 hour and dates of the day after the third
303# Saturday in April, unless that be Easter, in which case it is the day after
304# the second Saturday, and the day after the third Saturday in September.
305# The time is 02:00 GMT. It applied in 1922 and 1923, and longer if Parliament
306# so approved.
307#
308# It specifically states that it applies to Northern Ireland, the Channel
309# Islands, and the Isle of Man.
310#
311# - The Summer Time Act, 1925
312#
313# This makes the 1922 Act permanent, with a change to the end date to the
314# day after the first Saturday in October. It says nothing about extent,
315# so that part of the 1922 Act will still apply.
316#
317# - The Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939, SR&O 1939 No. 1379
318# [SR&O == Statutary Regulation and Order]
319#
320# These were made under the Emergency Powers (Defence) Act, 1939.
321# It changes the end date to be the day after the third Saturday in November.
322# It makes consequential changes to some vehicle lighting legislation,
323# which includes the Motor Vehicles and Road Traffic (Northern Ireland) Act,
324# 1934, so it seems clear it applies in Northern Ireland.
325#
326# - An Order in Council amending the The Defence (Summer Time) Regulations,
327# 1939, SR&O 1940 No. 1883
328#
329# This continues summer time throughout the year after it starts in 1940.
330# It says nothing about extent and has no consequential changes.
331#
332# - An Order in Council amending the The Defence (Summer Time) Regulations,
333# 1939, SR&O 1941 No. 476
334#
335# This introduces double summer time, starting at 01:00 GMT on the day after
336# the first Saturday in May and ending at 01:00 GMT on the day after the
337# second Saturday in August, offset another hour from normal summer time,
338# which continues throughout the rest of the year. It goes on a lot about
339# consequential changes to agricultural wages legislation, and says in part
340# `... and in its application to Northern Ireland have effect as
341# if for the references to the Agricultural Wages (Regulation) Acts, 1924 and
342# 1940, there were substituted references to the Agricultural Wages (Regulation)
343# Acts (Northern Ireland), 1939 and 1940, ...'. It also has a similar section
344# for Scotland. Both sections substitute the local Agricultural Wages Board
345# for the Agricultural Wages Board for England and Wales, showing that
346# England and Wales were indivisible.
347#
348# - An Order in Council amending the The Defence (Summer Time) Regulations,
349# 1939, SR&O 1942 No. 506
350#
351# This changes the start date of double summer time to the day after the first
352# Saturday in April. It says nothing about extent.
353#
354# - An Order in Council amending the The Defence (Summer Time) Regulations,
355# 1939, SR&O 1944 No. 932
356#
357# This changed the end date of double summer time to 17 September 1944.
358# (I don't have the text of this, just a note of what it did, the text almost
359# certainly had the `day after the nth Saturday' form.)
360#
361# (I am missing whatever regulations there were to change things in 1945
362# and the Summer Time Act, 1947.)
363#
364# - The British Standard Time Act, 1968
365#
366# This came into force on 27 October 1968 and continued summer time throughout
367# the year as an experiment until it expired on 31 October 1971.
368# There was no double summer time so we didn't have to change the clocks at all.
369# It specifically said it applied to Northern Ireland. It also said it
370# applied to Jersey, Guernsey and the Isle of Man unless they passed
371# measures saying it didn't.
372#
373# - The Manx Time Act, 1968
374#
375# This is an Act of Tynwald (the Isle of Man Parliament) that said that
376# henceforth Manx time would be the same as the time in Great Britain.
377#
378# - The Summer Time Act, 1972
379#
380# This specified a reversion to normal summer time behaviour with a start
381# date of the day after the third Saturday in March, unless that is Easter,
382# when it is the day after the second Saturday, and an end date of the day
383# after the fourth Saturday in October. Times are at 02:00 GMT, offset is
384# 1 hour.
385#
386# It has the same wording about extent as the British Standard Time Act, 1968,
387# applying to Northern Ireland unconditionally and to Jersey, Guernsey and the
388# Isle of Man if they don't do something about it.
389#
390# (I am missing various Summer Time Orders that modified the 1972 Act to
391# harmonise with the EC since 1981. The major change is that the time changes
392# to 01:00 GMT.)
393#
394# - The Summer Time Order, 1992, SI 1992/1729 [SI == Statutary Instrument]
395#
396# This specifies dates of:
397# Start End
398# 1993 28 March 24 October
399# 1994 27 March 23 October
|
380# All start and end times are at 01:00 GMT.
381# This is as far as it goes at present. A new EC directive is expected soon
382# and this will lead to a new Summer Time Order implementing it in the UK.
| 400# All start and end times are at 01:00 GMT....
|
383#
384# - Some text on the extent of Acts, from Halsbury's Statutes
385#
386# `An Act of the United Kingdom Parliament is to be construed prima facie
387# to apply to the whole of the United Kingdom and not to any place outside.
388# [...] The expression "United Kingdom" for this purpose includes (since
389# 1922) Great Britain (ie. England, Wales and Scotland) and Northern Ireland,
390# but it does not include the Channel Islands or the Isle of Man.'
391#
392# So, many of these measures specifically include Northern Ireland,
393# the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man. None of them exclude any
394# part of the UK. The default interpretation of Acts is that they apply
395# throughout the UK.
396#
397# With that, I rest my case Milud :-)
398#
399# Thanks are due to my learned legal friend Lorna Montgomerie, who dug out
400# the dusty old statutes, and to Melanie Allison of the Ministry of Defence,
401# who provided the wartime regulations and a snippet of Hansard explaining
402# why double summer time started on a Monday in 1945 (it was Easter).
403
404# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (November 18, 1993)
405#
406# Here is a revised version of my tabrules file for the perl script I sent
407# before. I have personally verified the various Orders back to 1953 and
408# all the Acts.
409#
410# There are no changes to the dates we already have.
411#
412# My doubt about an early start in 1967 on 18 Feb was misplaced, the Order
413# does say 18 Feb. This is an interesting case as the first Order gave a
414# different date of 7 April 1967 for the Isle of Man but this was changed
415# before it came into effect by another Order for the Isle of Man alone.
416#
417# I don't think I will be able to find any more of the earlier Orders.
418# The annual volumes for 1949--52 do not contain the various Summer Time
419# Orders. They therefore don't appear in the index. They rate a mention in
420# italics in the numerical list at the start but that is all.
421# I think what happens is that the annual volume is produced well after the
422# end of the year in question, by which time the Summer Time Order is spent.
423# They assume that nobody would ever be stupid enough to want to see it
424# again so they leave it out.
425#
426# It might be a good idea to put this table, or the output of tabscript
427# showing all the moves because of Easter, in the europe file comments in
428# place of my old transcription of the Green Paper table [the UK Government
429# paper "Summer Time: A Consultation Document" (HMSO Cm722 June 1989)].
430#
| 401#
402# - Some text on the extent of Acts, from Halsbury's Statutes
403#
404# `An Act of the United Kingdom Parliament is to be construed prima facie
405# to apply to the whole of the United Kingdom and not to any place outside.
406# [...] The expression "United Kingdom" for this purpose includes (since
407# 1922) Great Britain (ie. England, Wales and Scotland) and Northern Ireland,
408# but it does not include the Channel Islands or the Isle of Man.'
409#
410# So, many of these measures specifically include Northern Ireland,
411# the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man. None of them exclude any
412# part of the UK. The default interpretation of Acts is that they apply
413# throughout the UK.
414#
415# With that, I rest my case Milud :-)
416#
417# Thanks are due to my learned legal friend Lorna Montgomerie, who dug out
418# the dusty old statutes, and to Melanie Allison of the Ministry of Defence,
419# who provided the wartime regulations and a snippet of Hansard explaining
420# why double summer time started on a Monday in 1945 (it was Easter).
421
422# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (November 18, 1993)
423#
424# Here is a revised version of my tabrules file for the perl script I sent
425# before. I have personally verified the various Orders back to 1953 and
426# all the Acts.
427#
428# There are no changes to the dates we already have.
429#
430# My doubt about an early start in 1967 on 18 Feb was misplaced, the Order
431# does say 18 Feb. This is an interesting case as the first Order gave a
432# different date of 7 April 1967 for the Isle of Man but this was changed
433# before it came into effect by another Order for the Isle of Man alone.
434#
435# I don't think I will be able to find any more of the earlier Orders.
436# The annual volumes for 1949--52 do not contain the various Summer Time
437# Orders. They therefore don't appear in the index. They rate a mention in
438# italics in the numerical list at the start but that is all.
439# I think what happens is that the annual volume is produced well after the
440# end of the year in question, by which time the Summer Time Order is spent.
441# They assume that nobody would ever be stupid enough to want to see it
442# again so they leave it out.
443#
444# It might be a good idea to put this table, or the output of tabscript
445# showing all the moves because of Easter, in the europe file comments in
446# place of my old transcription of the Green Paper table [the UK Government
447# paper "Summer Time: A Consultation Document" (HMSO Cm722 June 1989)].
448#
|
431# The next thing on the horizon is the 7th EC/EU directive and the matching
432# UK Order. I expect I will keep quiet until then.
| 449# Peter Ilieve peter@memex.co.uk
|
433#
434#
| 450#
451#
|
435# Peter Ilieve peter@memex.co.uk
436#
437#
| |
438# ## control file for tabscript, a program to generate UK summer time dates
439# ## matching the table in Cm 722, the 1989 Green Paper.
440# ## Lines like this are comments.
441# ## Lines with a single # at the start are copied into the output
442# ## Control lines are of the form
443# ## <years> <start date> <end date> <flags> <double start> <double end>
444# ## <years> is either a single year or a hyphen separated range, with --
445# ## also accepted as I use this in TeX a lot.
446# ## <start date> and <end date> are a digit followed bu a month name.
447# ## It is either an nth Saturday or an explicit date, depending on <flags>.
448# ## 0 and/or none are used when there is no date, as during 1968--71.
449# ## <flags> can contain `fixed' to indicate explicit dates and `double'
450# ## to indicate double summer time dates are present.
451# ## At present double requires fixed as well.
452# ## <double start> and <double end> are like the start and end dates, with
453# ## the exception of the 0 and/or none feature.
454#
455# ## Blank lines are also ignored.
456#
457# ## Places where I am uncertain, not having personally verified the dates
458# ## against the Act or Order, are marked ???
459# ## These dates are taken from the Cm 722 table.
460#
461# # Summer Time Act, 1916
462# 1916 21 May 1 October fixed
463#
464# ## I haven't yet looked for Orders for 1916--22 and I doubt I will find them.
465# # unknown Order or Orders ???
466# 1917 8 apr 17 sep fixed
467# 1918 24 mar 30 sep fixed
468# 1919 30 mar 29 sep fixed
469# # end date extended in 1920 from 27 Sep because of coal strike (from Cm 722)
470# 1920 28 mar 25 oct fixed
471# 1921 3 apr 3 oct fixed
472#
473# # Summer Time Act, 1922
474# # came into force 22 July 1922, too late for 1922, so missing Order ???
475# 1922 26 mar 8 oct fixed
476# 1923-1924 3 April 3 September
477#
478# # Summer Time Act, 1925
479# 1925--1938 3 April 1 October
480#
481# # Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939
482# 1939 3 April 3 November
483# # 1940 amendment (SR&O 1940 Nos. 172 & 1883)
484# 1940 4 feb 0 none
485# # 1941 amendment (SR&O 1941 No. 476)
486# 1941 0 none 0 none fixed,double 4 may 10 aug
487# # 1942 amendment (SR&O 1942 No. 506)
488# 1942 0 none 0 none fixed,double 5 apr 9 aug
489# 1943 0 none 0 none fixed,double 4 apr 15 aug
490# # 1944 amendment (SR&O 1944 No. 932)
491# 1944 0 none 0 none fixed,double 2 apr 17 sep
492# # 1945 dates from Hansard, Oral Answers, 1 March 1945
493# 1945 0 none 7 oct fixed,double 2 apr 15 jul
494#
495# # reversion to Summer Time Act, 1925
496# 1946 3 April 1 October
497#
498# # Summer Time Act, 1947
499# # Fixed dates for 1947 only, gives power to have double summer time
500# 1947 16 mar 2 nov fixed,double 13 apr 10 aug
501# ## I can't find any trace of the Order for 1948.
502# # Unknown Order ???
503# 1948 14 mar 31 oct fixed
504# ## I know the numbers for the 1949--52 ones but the text is missing from the
505# ## annual volumes. I also don't know if the 49 Order was for 49 or 50, etc.
506# # Summer Time Order, 1949 (SI1949/373) ???
507# 1949 3 apr 30 oct fixed
508# # Summer Time Order, 1950 (SI1950/518) ???
509# 1950 16 apr 22 oct fixed
510# # Summer Time Order, 1951 (SI1951/430) ???
511# 1951 15 apr 21 oct fixed
512# # Summer Time Order, 1952 (SI1952/451) ???
513# 1952 20 apr 26 oct fixed
514#
515# # reversion to Summer Time Act, 1925
516# 1953--1960 3 April 1 October
517#
518# ## All Orders from here on specify fixed dates, not day after nth Sunday
519# ## Start pattern looks like Mar lastSun up to 1963, Mar Sun>=19 up to 1967.
520# ## End pattern looks like Oct Sun>=23 up to 1967.
521# # Summer Time Order, 1961 (SI1961/71)
522# 1961 26 March 29 October fixed
523# # Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (SI1961/2465)
524# 1962 25 Mar 28 Oct fixed
525# # Summer Time Order, 1963 (SI1963/81)
526# 1963 31 March 27 October fixed
527# # Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (SI1963/2101)
528# 1964 22 March 25 October fixed
529# # Summer Time Order, 1964 (SI1964/1201)
530# 1965 21 Mar 24 Oct fixed
531# 1966 20 Mar 23 Oct fixed
532# 1967 19 Mar 29 Oct fixed
533# # Summer Time Order, 1967 (SI1967/1148)
534# # Specifies different start date of 7 April for Isle of Man
535# # Summer Time Order, 1968 (SI1968/117)
536# # Changes Isle of Man start date to 18 Feb to match rest of UK
537# # British Standard Time Act, 1968
538# 1968 18 feb 0 none fixed
539# 1969--1970 0 none 0 none
540# 1971 0 none 31 oct fixed
541#
542# # Summer Time Act, 1972
543# 1972-1980 3 March 4 October
544#
545# # The pattern here looks like Last Sun in Mar, day after 4th Sat in Oct
546# # First EC Directive ???
547# # Summer Time Order, 1980 (SI1980/1089)
548# 1981 29 Mar 25 Oct fixed
549# 1982 28 Mar 24 Oct fixed
550# # Second EC Directive ???
551# # Summer Time Order, 1982 (SI1982/1673)
552# 1983 27 Mar 23 Oct fixed
553# 1984 25 Mar 28 Oct fixed
554# 1985 31 Mar 27 Oct fixed
555# # Third EC Directive ???
556# # Summer Time Order, 1986 (SI1986/223)
557# 1986 30 Mar 26 Oct fixed
558# 1987 29 Mar 25 Oct fixed
559# 1988 27 Mar 23 Oct fixed
560# # Fourth EC Directive ???
561# # Summer Time Order, 1988 (SI1988/931)
562# 1989 26 Mar 29 Oct fixed
563# # Fifth EC Directive ???
564# # Summer Time Order, 1989 (SI1989/985)
565# 1990 25 Mar 28 Oct fixed
566# 1991 31 Mar 27 Oct fixed
567# 1992 29 Mar 25 Oct fixed
568# # Sixth EC Directive
569# # Summer Time Order, 1992 (SI1992/1729)
570# 1993 28 Mar 24 Oct fixed
571# 1994 27 Mar 23 Oct fixed
572
| 452# ## control file for tabscript, a program to generate UK summer time dates
453# ## matching the table in Cm 722, the 1989 Green Paper.
454# ## Lines like this are comments.
455# ## Lines with a single # at the start are copied into the output
456# ## Control lines are of the form
457# ## <years> <start date> <end date> <flags> <double start> <double end>
458# ## <years> is either a single year or a hyphen separated range, with --
459# ## also accepted as I use this in TeX a lot.
460# ## <start date> and <end date> are a digit followed bu a month name.
461# ## It is either an nth Saturday or an explicit date, depending on <flags>.
462# ## 0 and/or none are used when there is no date, as during 1968--71.
463# ## <flags> can contain `fixed' to indicate explicit dates and `double'
464# ## to indicate double summer time dates are present.
465# ## At present double requires fixed as well.
466# ## <double start> and <double end> are like the start and end dates, with
467# ## the exception of the 0 and/or none feature.
468#
469# ## Blank lines are also ignored.
470#
471# ## Places where I am uncertain, not having personally verified the dates
472# ## against the Act or Order, are marked ???
473# ## These dates are taken from the Cm 722 table.
474#
475# # Summer Time Act, 1916
476# 1916 21 May 1 October fixed
477#
478# ## I haven't yet looked for Orders for 1916--22 and I doubt I will find them.
479# # unknown Order or Orders ???
480# 1917 8 apr 17 sep fixed
481# 1918 24 mar 30 sep fixed
482# 1919 30 mar 29 sep fixed
483# # end date extended in 1920 from 27 Sep because of coal strike (from Cm 722)
484# 1920 28 mar 25 oct fixed
485# 1921 3 apr 3 oct fixed
486#
487# # Summer Time Act, 1922
488# # came into force 22 July 1922, too late for 1922, so missing Order ???
489# 1922 26 mar 8 oct fixed
490# 1923-1924 3 April 3 September
491#
492# # Summer Time Act, 1925
493# 1925--1938 3 April 1 October
494#
495# # Defence (Summer Time) Regulations, 1939
496# 1939 3 April 3 November
497# # 1940 amendment (SR&O 1940 Nos. 172 & 1883)
498# 1940 4 feb 0 none
499# # 1941 amendment (SR&O 1941 No. 476)
500# 1941 0 none 0 none fixed,double 4 may 10 aug
501# # 1942 amendment (SR&O 1942 No. 506)
502# 1942 0 none 0 none fixed,double 5 apr 9 aug
503# 1943 0 none 0 none fixed,double 4 apr 15 aug
504# # 1944 amendment (SR&O 1944 No. 932)
505# 1944 0 none 0 none fixed,double 2 apr 17 sep
506# # 1945 dates from Hansard, Oral Answers, 1 March 1945
507# 1945 0 none 7 oct fixed,double 2 apr 15 jul
508#
509# # reversion to Summer Time Act, 1925
510# 1946 3 April 1 October
511#
512# # Summer Time Act, 1947
513# # Fixed dates for 1947 only, gives power to have double summer time
514# 1947 16 mar 2 nov fixed,double 13 apr 10 aug
515# ## I can't find any trace of the Order for 1948.
516# # Unknown Order ???
517# 1948 14 mar 31 oct fixed
518# ## I know the numbers for the 1949--52 ones but the text is missing from the
519# ## annual volumes. I also don't know if the 49 Order was for 49 or 50, etc.
520# # Summer Time Order, 1949 (SI1949/373) ???
521# 1949 3 apr 30 oct fixed
522# # Summer Time Order, 1950 (SI1950/518) ???
523# 1950 16 apr 22 oct fixed
524# # Summer Time Order, 1951 (SI1951/430) ???
525# 1951 15 apr 21 oct fixed
526# # Summer Time Order, 1952 (SI1952/451) ???
527# 1952 20 apr 26 oct fixed
528#
529# # reversion to Summer Time Act, 1925
530# 1953--1960 3 April 1 October
531#
532# ## All Orders from here on specify fixed dates, not day after nth Sunday
533# ## Start pattern looks like Mar lastSun up to 1963, Mar Sun>=19 up to 1967.
534# ## End pattern looks like Oct Sun>=23 up to 1967.
535# # Summer Time Order, 1961 (SI1961/71)
536# 1961 26 March 29 October fixed
537# # Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (SI1961/2465)
538# 1962 25 Mar 28 Oct fixed
539# # Summer Time Order, 1963 (SI1963/81)
540# 1963 31 March 27 October fixed
541# # Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (SI1963/2101)
542# 1964 22 March 25 October fixed
543# # Summer Time Order, 1964 (SI1964/1201)
544# 1965 21 Mar 24 Oct fixed
545# 1966 20 Mar 23 Oct fixed
546# 1967 19 Mar 29 Oct fixed
547# # Summer Time Order, 1967 (SI1967/1148)
548# # Specifies different start date of 7 April for Isle of Man
549# # Summer Time Order, 1968 (SI1968/117)
550# # Changes Isle of Man start date to 18 Feb to match rest of UK
551# # British Standard Time Act, 1968
552# 1968 18 feb 0 none fixed
553# 1969--1970 0 none 0 none
554# 1971 0 none 31 oct fixed
555#
556# # Summer Time Act, 1972
557# 1972-1980 3 March 4 October
558#
559# # The pattern here looks like Last Sun in Mar, day after 4th Sat in Oct
560# # First EC Directive ???
561# # Summer Time Order, 1980 (SI1980/1089)
562# 1981 29 Mar 25 Oct fixed
563# 1982 28 Mar 24 Oct fixed
564# # Second EC Directive ???
565# # Summer Time Order, 1982 (SI1982/1673)
566# 1983 27 Mar 23 Oct fixed
567# 1984 25 Mar 28 Oct fixed
568# 1985 31 Mar 27 Oct fixed
569# # Third EC Directive ???
570# # Summer Time Order, 1986 (SI1986/223)
571# 1986 30 Mar 26 Oct fixed
572# 1987 29 Mar 25 Oct fixed
573# 1988 27 Mar 23 Oct fixed
574# # Fourth EC Directive ???
575# # Summer Time Order, 1988 (SI1988/931)
576# 1989 26 Mar 29 Oct fixed
577# # Fifth EC Directive ???
578# # Summer Time Order, 1989 (SI1989/985)
579# 1990 25 Mar 28 Oct fixed
580# 1991 31 Mar 27 Oct fixed
581# 1992 29 Mar 25 Oct fixed
582# # Sixth EC Directive
583# # Summer Time Order, 1992 (SI1992/1729)
584# 1993 28 Mar 24 Oct fixed
585# 1994 27 Mar 23 Oct fixed
586
|
573# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (June 8, 1994):
574# The European Union bureaucracy has edged a step closer to a 7th Directive
575# on summer-time arrangements. I have the text of a Common Position
576# (EC No 9/94) and a statement of the Council's reasons dated 4 March 94,
577# reported in the Official Journal of the EC, No. C 137/38--41....
578# The dates again:
| 587# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (August 18, 1994):
588# I now have the text of the 7th EC directive on summer time arrangements
589# (94/21/EC), which was approved on 30 May....
590# The major changes from existing practice are that 1995 will be the last year
591# that the UK and Eire finish on a different date from everyone else,
592# and the common end date from 1996 onwards will be the last Sunday in October.
|
579# Year Start End End (UK & Eire, 1995 only)
580# (rule) (last Sun) (last Sun) (4th Sun)
581# 1995 26 March 24 September 22 October
582# 1996 31 March 27 October
583# 1997 30 March 26 October
| 593# Year Start End End (UK & Eire, 1995 only)
594# (rule) (last Sun) (last Sun) (4th Sun)
595# 1995 26 March 24 September 22 October
596# 1996 31 March 27 October
597# 1997 30 March 26 October
|
| 598#
599# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-12-01):
600# The final piece of the legislative jigsaw for summer time in the UK for
601# 1995-97 is now in place. The Summer Time Order 1994 (SI 1994/2798)
602# came into force on 16 November. It restates the dates from the EC
603# seventh Summer Time Directive....
|
584
585# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (March 28, 1994):
586# The UK/Eire end date of 22 October [1995] conflicts with your current rule of
587# Oct Sun>=23, and the historical UK formula of Sun after 4th Sat.
588# The last time 4th Sun and Sun after 4th Sat differed was in 1989,
589# when 29 October was used. That year was covered by a UK Summer Time Order
590# for only a single year and it looks as though there was a matching 4th EC
591# directive for just this year. I don't have the text of the 5th EC
592# directive (for 1990--92) but my guess would be it said 4th Sun.
593# To maintain strict historical accuracy you could start a new UK ending rule
594# of Oct Sun>=22 in 1990.
595
596# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993):
597#
598# As Ilieve remarks, the date `20 April 1924' in the table of ``Summer Time: A
599# Consultation Document'' (Cm 722, 1989) table is a transcription error;
600# 20 April was an Easter Sunday. Shanks has 13 April, the correct date.
601# Also, the table is not quite right for 1925 through 1938; the correct rules
602# (which Shanks uses) are given in the Summer Time Acts of 1922 and 1925.
603# Shanks and the UK Government paper disagree about the Apr 1956 transition;
604# since we have no other data, and since Shanks was correct in the other
605# points of disagreement about London, we'll believe Shanks for now.
606# Also, for lack of other data, we'll follow Shanks for Eire in 1940-1948.
607#
608# Given Peter Ilieve's comments, the following claims by Shanks are incorrect:
609# * Wales did not switch from GMT to daylight savings time until
610# 1921 Apr 3, when they began to conform with the rest of Great Britain.
611# Actually, Wales was identical after 1880.
612# * Eire had two transitions on 1916 Oct 1.
613# It actually just had one transition.
614# * Northern Ireland used single daylight savings time throughout WW II.
615# Actually, it conformed to Britain.
616#
617# The following claim by Shanks is possible though doubtful;
618# we'll ignore it for now.
619# * Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man did not switch from GMT
620# to daylight savings time until 1921 Apr 3, when they began to
621# conform with Great Britain.
622#
623# Whitman says Dublin Mean Time was -0:25:21, which is more precise than Shanks.
624
625# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
626Rule GB-Eire 1847 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 GMT
627# 1916 to 1925--irregular
628Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - May 21 2:00s 1:00 BST
629Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 GMT
630Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 BST
631Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 GMT
632Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Mar 24 2:00s 1:00 BST
633Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Sep 30 2:00s 0 GMT
634Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 BST
635Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Sep 29 2:00s 0 GMT
636Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Mar 28 2:00s 1:00 BST
637Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Oct 25 2:00s 0 GMT
638Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST
639Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 GMT
640Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 BST
641Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Oct 8 2:00s 0 GMT
642Rule GB-Eire 1923 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
643Rule GB-Eire 1923 1924 - Sep Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT
644Rule GB-Eire 1924 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 BST
645# 1925 to 1939 start--regular, except for avoiding Easter
646Rule GB-Eire 1925 1926 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
647Rule GB-Eire 1925 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT
648Rule GB-Eire 1927 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 BST
649Rule GB-Eire 1928 1929 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
650Rule GB-Eire 1930 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 BST
651Rule GB-Eire 1931 1932 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
652Rule GB-Eire 1933 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 BST
653Rule GB-Eire 1934 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
654Rule GB-Eire 1935 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 BST
655Rule GB-Eire 1936 1937 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
656Rule GB-Eire 1938 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 BST
657Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
658# 1939 end to 1947--irregular, and with double summer time
659Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Nov 19 2:00s 0 GMT
660Rule GB-Eire 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00s 1:00 BST
661Rule GB-Eire 1941 only - May Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 DST
662Rule GB-Eire 1941 1943 - Aug Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST
663Rule GB-Eire 1942 1944 - Apr Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 DST
664Rule GB-Eire 1944 only - Sep Sun>=16 1:00s 1:00 BST
665# Double daylight starts on a Monday in 1945--see above.
666Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Apr 2 1:00s 2:00 DST
667Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Jul 15 1:00s 1:00 BST
668Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 GMT
669Rule GB-Eire 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 BST
670Rule GB-Eire 1946 only - Oct 6 2:00s 0 GMT
671Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Mar 16 2:00s 1:00 BST
672Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Apr 13 1:00s 2:00 DST
673Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Aug 10 1:00s 1:00 BST
674Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 GMT
675# So much for double saving time. 1948 and 1949, irregular.
676Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Mar 14 2:00s 1:00 BST
677Rule GB-Eire 1948 1949 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 GMT
678Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST
679# 1950 through start of 1953, regular.
680Rule GB-Eire 1950 1953 - Apr Sun>=14 2:00s 1:00 BST
681Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00s 0 GMT
682# 1954 to 1980, starting rules
683Rule GB-Eire 1954 only - Apr 11 2:00s 1:00 BST
684Rule GB-Eire 1955 1956 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
685Rule GB-Eire 1957 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 BST
686Rule GB-Eire 1958 1959 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
687Rule GB-Eire 1960 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 BST
688Rule GB-Eire 1961 1963 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 BST
689Rule GB-Eire 1964 1967 - Mar Sun>=19 2:00s 1:00 BST
690Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
691# 1953 to 1980, ending rules
692Rule GB-Eire 1953 1960 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 GMT
693Rule GB-Eire 1961 1967 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT
694Rule GB-Eire 1971 only - Oct 31 3:00 0 GMT
695Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT
| 604
605# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (March 28, 1994):
606# The UK/Eire end date of 22 October [1995] conflicts with your current rule of
607# Oct Sun>=23, and the historical UK formula of Sun after 4th Sat.
608# The last time 4th Sun and Sun after 4th Sat differed was in 1989,
609# when 29 October was used. That year was covered by a UK Summer Time Order
610# for only a single year and it looks as though there was a matching 4th EC
611# directive for just this year. I don't have the text of the 5th EC
612# directive (for 1990--92) but my guess would be it said 4th Sun.
613# To maintain strict historical accuracy you could start a new UK ending rule
614# of Oct Sun>=22 in 1990.
615
616# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (November 18, 1993):
617#
618# As Ilieve remarks, the date `20 April 1924' in the table of ``Summer Time: A
619# Consultation Document'' (Cm 722, 1989) table is a transcription error;
620# 20 April was an Easter Sunday. Shanks has 13 April, the correct date.
621# Also, the table is not quite right for 1925 through 1938; the correct rules
622# (which Shanks uses) are given in the Summer Time Acts of 1922 and 1925.
623# Shanks and the UK Government paper disagree about the Apr 1956 transition;
624# since we have no other data, and since Shanks was correct in the other
625# points of disagreement about London, we'll believe Shanks for now.
626# Also, for lack of other data, we'll follow Shanks for Eire in 1940-1948.
627#
628# Given Peter Ilieve's comments, the following claims by Shanks are incorrect:
629# * Wales did not switch from GMT to daylight savings time until
630# 1921 Apr 3, when they began to conform with the rest of Great Britain.
631# Actually, Wales was identical after 1880.
632# * Eire had two transitions on 1916 Oct 1.
633# It actually just had one transition.
634# * Northern Ireland used single daylight savings time throughout WW II.
635# Actually, it conformed to Britain.
636#
637# The following claim by Shanks is possible though doubtful;
638# we'll ignore it for now.
639# * Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man did not switch from GMT
640# to daylight savings time until 1921 Apr 3, when they began to
641# conform with Great Britain.
642#
643# Whitman says Dublin Mean Time was -0:25:21, which is more precise than Shanks.
644
645# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
646Rule GB-Eire 1847 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 GMT
647# 1916 to 1925--irregular
648Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - May 21 2:00s 1:00 BST
649Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 GMT
650Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 BST
651Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 GMT
652Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Mar 24 2:00s 1:00 BST
653Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Sep 30 2:00s 0 GMT
654Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 BST
655Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Sep 29 2:00s 0 GMT
656Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Mar 28 2:00s 1:00 BST
657Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Oct 25 2:00s 0 GMT
658Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST
659Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 GMT
660Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 BST
661Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Oct 8 2:00s 0 GMT
662Rule GB-Eire 1923 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
663Rule GB-Eire 1923 1924 - Sep Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT
664Rule GB-Eire 1924 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 BST
665# 1925 to 1939 start--regular, except for avoiding Easter
666Rule GB-Eire 1925 1926 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
667Rule GB-Eire 1925 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT
668Rule GB-Eire 1927 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 BST
669Rule GB-Eire 1928 1929 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
670Rule GB-Eire 1930 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 BST
671Rule GB-Eire 1931 1932 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
672Rule GB-Eire 1933 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 BST
673Rule GB-Eire 1934 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
674Rule GB-Eire 1935 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 BST
675Rule GB-Eire 1936 1937 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
676Rule GB-Eire 1938 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 BST
677Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
678# 1939 end to 1947--irregular, and with double summer time
679Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Nov 19 2:00s 0 GMT
680Rule GB-Eire 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00s 1:00 BST
681Rule GB-Eire 1941 only - May Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 DST
682Rule GB-Eire 1941 1943 - Aug Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST
683Rule GB-Eire 1942 1944 - Apr Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 DST
684Rule GB-Eire 1944 only - Sep Sun>=16 1:00s 1:00 BST
685# Double daylight starts on a Monday in 1945--see above.
686Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Apr 2 1:00s 2:00 DST
687Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Jul 15 1:00s 1:00 BST
688Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 GMT
689Rule GB-Eire 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 BST
690Rule GB-Eire 1946 only - Oct 6 2:00s 0 GMT
691Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Mar 16 2:00s 1:00 BST
692Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Apr 13 1:00s 2:00 DST
693Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Aug 10 1:00s 1:00 BST
694Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 GMT
695# So much for double saving time. 1948 and 1949, irregular.
696Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Mar 14 2:00s 1:00 BST
697Rule GB-Eire 1948 1949 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 GMT
698Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST
699# 1950 through start of 1953, regular.
700Rule GB-Eire 1950 1953 - Apr Sun>=14 2:00s 1:00 BST
701Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00s 0 GMT
702# 1954 to 1980, starting rules
703Rule GB-Eire 1954 only - Apr 11 2:00s 1:00 BST
704Rule GB-Eire 1955 1956 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
705Rule GB-Eire 1957 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 BST
706Rule GB-Eire 1958 1959 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
707Rule GB-Eire 1960 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 BST
708Rule GB-Eire 1961 1963 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 BST
709Rule GB-Eire 1964 1967 - Mar Sun>=19 2:00s 1:00 BST
710Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
711# 1953 to 1980, ending rules
712Rule GB-Eire 1953 1960 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 GMT
713Rule GB-Eire 1961 1967 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT
714Rule GB-Eire 1971 only - Oct 31 3:00 0 GMT
715Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT
|
696# Current rules
697Rule GB-Eire 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 BST
698Rule GB-Eire 1981 max - Oct Sun>=23 1:00s 0 GMT
699# Under the 7th EU proposal, replace the above line with the following three:
700#Rule GB-Eire 1981 1989 - Oct Sun>=23 1:00s 0 GMT
701#Rule GB-Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 GMT
702#Rule GB-Eire 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 GMT
| 716# 1981 on
717Rule GB-Eire 1981 1995 - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 BST
718Rule GB-Eire 1981 1989 - Oct Sun>=23 1:00u 0 GMT
719Rule GB-Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u 0 GMT
720# See EC for rules starting in 1996.
|
703
704# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
705Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Sep 22
706 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Feb 18 2:00
707 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00
| 721
722# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
723Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Sep 22
724 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Feb 18 2:00
725 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00
|
708 0:00 GB-Eire %s
| 726 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996
727 0:00 EC GMT/BST
|
709Zone Europe/Belfast -0:23:40 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
710 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 # Dublin MT
711 -0:25:21 1:00 DST 1916 Oct 1 3:00
712 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Feb 18 2:00
713 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 3:00
| 728Zone Europe/Belfast -0:23:40 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
729 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 # Dublin MT
730 -0:25:21 1:00 DST 1916 Oct 1 3:00
731 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Feb 18 2:00
732 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 3:00
|
714 0:00 GB-Eire %s
| 733 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996
734 0:00 EC GMT/BST
|
715Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:21 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
716 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 # Dublin MT
717 -0:25:21 1:00 DST 1916 Oct 1 3:00
718 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1940 Feb 25 2:00
719 0:00 1:00 BST 1946 Oct 6 2:00
720 0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00
721 0:00 1:00 BST 1947 Nov 2 2:00
722 0:00 - GMT 1948 Apr 18 2:00
723 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Feb 18 2:00
724 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 3:00
| 735Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:21 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
736 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 # Dublin MT
737 -0:25:21 1:00 DST 1916 Oct 1 3:00
738 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1940 Feb 25 2:00
739 0:00 1:00 BST 1946 Oct 6 2:00
740 0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00
741 0:00 1:00 BST 1947 Nov 2 2:00
742 0:00 - GMT 1948 Apr 18 2:00
743 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Feb 18 2:00
744 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 3:00
|
725 0:00 GB-Eire %s
| 745 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996
746 0:00 EC GMT/BST
|
726
727# ZONE-DESCR Europe London United_Kingdom All points except N. Ireland
728# ZONE-DESCR Europe Belfast United_Kingdom Northern Ireland
729# ZONE-DESCR Europe Dublin Eire All points
730
731###############################################################################
732
733# Continental Europe
734
| 747
748# ZONE-DESCR Europe London United_Kingdom All points except N. Ireland
749# ZONE-DESCR Europe Belfast United_Kingdom Northern Ireland
750# ZONE-DESCR Europe Dublin Eire All points
751
752###############################################################################
753
754# Continental Europe
755
|
| 756# EC rules are for the European Community.
757
758# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
759Rule EC 1800 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
760Rule EC 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00u 1:00 " DST"
761Rule EC 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
762Rule EC 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00u 0 -
763Rule EC 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
764Rule EC 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 " DST"
765Rule EC 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 -
766
767# W-Eur differs from EC only in that W-Eur uses standard time.
|
735Rule W-Eur 1800 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
736Rule W-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 " DST"
737Rule W-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
738Rule W-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00s 0 -
| 768Rule W-Eur 1800 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
769Rule W-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 " DST"
770Rule W-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
771Rule W-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00s 0 -
|
739Rule W-Eur 1979 max - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
| 772Rule W-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
|
740Rule W-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 " DST"
| 773Rule W-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 " DST"
|
| 774Rule W-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 -
|
741
| 775
|
| 776# Older M-Eur rules are for convenience in the tables.
777# From 1977 on, M-Eur differs from EC only in that M-Eur uses standard time.
|
742Rule M-Eur 1800 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
743Rule M-Eur 1916 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 " DST"
744Rule M-Eur 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
745Rule M-Eur 1917 1918 - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
746Rule M-Eur 1917 1918 - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 -
747Rule M-Eur 1940 only - Apr 1 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
748# Shanks says DST was continuous from 1940 Apr 1 to 1942 Nov 2; go with Whitman.
749Rule M-Eur 1940 only - Dec 31 2:00s 0 -
750Rule M-Eur 1941 only - Feb 25 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
751Rule M-Eur 1941 only - Oct 5 2:00s 0 -
752Rule M-Eur 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
753Rule M-Eur 1942 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 -
754Rule M-Eur 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
755Rule M-Eur 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00s 0 -
756Rule M-Eur 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
757# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 7; go with Shanks.
758Rule M-Eur 1944 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 -
759Rule M-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
760Rule M-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
761Rule M-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 -
| 778Rule M-Eur 1800 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
779Rule M-Eur 1916 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 " DST"
780Rule M-Eur 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
781Rule M-Eur 1917 1918 - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
782Rule M-Eur 1917 1918 - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 -
783Rule M-Eur 1940 only - Apr 1 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
784# Shanks says DST was continuous from 1940 Apr 1 to 1942 Nov 2; go with Whitman.
785Rule M-Eur 1940 only - Dec 31 2:00s 0 -
786Rule M-Eur 1941 only - Feb 25 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
787Rule M-Eur 1941 only - Oct 5 2:00s 0 -
788Rule M-Eur 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
789Rule M-Eur 1942 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 -
790Rule M-Eur 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
791Rule M-Eur 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00s 0 -
792Rule M-Eur 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
793# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 7; go with Shanks.
794Rule M-Eur 1944 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 -
795Rule M-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
796Rule M-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
797Rule M-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 -
|
762Rule M-Eur 1979 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
763# Under the 7th EU proposal, replace the above line with the following two:
764#Rule M-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
765#Rule M-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
| 798Rule M-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
|
766Rule M-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
| 799Rule M-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
|
| 800Rule M-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
|
767
| 801
|
768Rule E-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 3:00s 1:00 " DST"
769Rule E-Eur 1981 max - Sep lastSun 3:00s 0 -
770
| |
771# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
772Rule Russia 1880 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
773Rule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 " DST"
774Rule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 -
775Rule Russia 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 " DDST"
776Rule Russia 1918 only - Sep 17 0:00 1:00 " DST"
777Rule Russia 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 " DDST"
778Rule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 D
779Rule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 K
780Rule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 D
781# Shanks gives 1921 Mar 21 for the following transition.
782# From Andrew A. Chernov <ache@astral.msk.su> (November 12, 1993):
783# My sources says, that it is Mar 20, not 21.
784Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 DD
785Rule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D
786Rule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 K
787Rule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
788Rule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 K
789Rule Russia 1984 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 K
790Rule Russia 1985 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
791
792# These are for backward compatibility with older versions.
793
794# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
| 802# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
803Rule Russia 1880 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
804Rule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 " DST"
805Rule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 -
806Rule Russia 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 " DDST"
807Rule Russia 1918 only - Sep 17 0:00 1:00 " DST"
808Rule Russia 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 " DDST"
809Rule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 D
810Rule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 K
811Rule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 D
812# Shanks gives 1921 Mar 21 for the following transition.
813# From Andrew A. Chernov <ache@astral.msk.su> (November 12, 1993):
814# My sources says, that it is Mar 20, not 21.
815Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 DD
816Rule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D
817Rule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 K
818Rule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
819Rule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 K
820Rule Russia 1984 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 K
821Rule Russia 1985 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
822
823# These are for backward compatibility with older versions.
824
825# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
|
795Zone WET 0:00 W-Eur WET%s
| 826Zone WET 0:00 EC WET%s
|
796Zone MET 1:00 M-Eur MET%s
| 827Zone MET 1:00 M-Eur MET%s
|
797Zone EET 2:00 E-Eur EET%s
798Zone W-SU 3:00 M-Eur ????
| 828Zone EET 2:00 EC EET%s
|
799
800# Tom Hoffman says that MET is also known as Central European Time
801
802Link MET CET
803
804# Albania
805# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
806Rule Albania 1940 only - Jun 16 0:00 1:00 " DST"
807Rule Albania 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 -
808Rule Albania 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 " DST"
809Rule Albania 1943 only - Apr 10 3:00 0 -
810Rule Albania 1974 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 " DST"
811Rule Albania 1974 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
812Rule Albania 1975 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
813Rule Albania 1975 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
814Rule Albania 1976 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 " DST"
815Rule Albania 1976 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
816Rule Albania 1977 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 " DST"
817Rule Albania 1977 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
818Rule Albania 1978 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 " DST"
819Rule Albania 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
820Rule Albania 1979 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 " DST"
821Rule Albania 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
822Rule Albania 1980 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 " DST"
823Rule Albania 1980 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
824Rule Albania 1981 only - Apr 26 0:00 1:00 " DST"
825Rule Albania 1981 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 -
826Rule Albania 1982 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 " DST"
827Rule Albania 1982 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
828Rule Albania 1983 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 " DST"
829Rule Albania 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
830Rule Albania 1984 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
831Rule Albania 1984 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
832# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
833Zone Europe/Tirane 1:19:20 - LMT 1914
834 1:00 - MET 1940 Jun 16
835 1:00 Albania MET%s 1985 Mar 31 1:00
836 1:00 W-Eur MET%s
| 829
830# Tom Hoffman says that MET is also known as Central European Time
831
832Link MET CET
833
834# Albania
835# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
836Rule Albania 1940 only - Jun 16 0:00 1:00 " DST"
837Rule Albania 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 -
838Rule Albania 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 " DST"
839Rule Albania 1943 only - Apr 10 3:00 0 -
840Rule Albania 1974 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 " DST"
841Rule Albania 1974 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
842Rule Albania 1975 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
843Rule Albania 1975 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
844Rule Albania 1976 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 " DST"
845Rule Albania 1976 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
846Rule Albania 1977 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 " DST"
847Rule Albania 1977 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
848Rule Albania 1978 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 " DST"
849Rule Albania 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
850Rule Albania 1979 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 " DST"
851Rule Albania 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
852Rule Albania 1980 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 " DST"
853Rule Albania 1980 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
854Rule Albania 1981 only - Apr 26 0:00 1:00 " DST"
855Rule Albania 1981 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 -
856Rule Albania 1982 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 " DST"
857Rule Albania 1982 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
858Rule Albania 1983 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 " DST"
859Rule Albania 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
860Rule Albania 1984 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
861Rule Albania 1984 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
862# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
863Zone Europe/Tirane 1:19:20 - LMT 1914
864 1:00 - MET 1940 Jun 16
865 1:00 Albania MET%s 1985 Mar 31 1:00
866 1:00 W-Eur MET%s
|
| 867# This may change to `EC' soon.
|
837
838# ZONE-DESCR Europe Tirane Albania All points
839
840# Andorra
841# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
842Zone Europe/Andorra 0:06:04 - LMT 1901
843 0:00 - WET 1946 Sep 30
844 1:00 - MET 1985 Mar 31 2:00
| 868
869# ZONE-DESCR Europe Tirane Albania All points
870
871# Andorra
872# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
873Zone Europe/Andorra 0:06:04 - LMT 1901
874 0:00 - WET 1946 Sep 30
875 1:00 - MET 1985 Mar 31 2:00
|
845 1:00 M-Eur MET%s
| 876 1:00 EC MET%s
|
846
847# ZONE-DESCR Europe Andorra Andorra All points
848
849# Austria
850# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
851Rule Austria 1918 only - Jun 16 3:00 0 -
852Rule Austria 1920 only - Apr 5 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
853Rule Austria 1920 only - Sep 13 2:00s 0 -
854Rule Austria 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
855Rule Austria 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 -
856Rule Austria 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
857Rule Austria 1946 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
858Rule Austria 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
859Rule Austria 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
860# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
861Zone Europe/Vienna 1:05:20 - LMT 1893 Apr
862 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1918 Jun 16 3:00
863 1:00 Austria MET%s 1940 Apr 1 2:00
864 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 Apr 2 2:00
| 877
878# ZONE-DESCR Europe Andorra Andorra All points
879
880# Austria
881# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
882Rule Austria 1918 only - Jun 16 3:00 0 -
883Rule Austria 1920 only - Apr 5 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
884Rule Austria 1920 only - Sep 13 2:00s 0 -
885Rule Austria 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
886Rule Austria 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 -
887Rule Austria 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
888Rule Austria 1946 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
889Rule Austria 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
890Rule Austria 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
891# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
892Zone Europe/Vienna 1:05:20 - LMT 1893 Apr
893 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1918 Jun 16 3:00
894 1:00 Austria MET%s 1940 Apr 1 2:00
895 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 Apr 2 2:00
|
865 1:00 Austria MET%s 1981 Mar 29 2:00
866 1:00 M-Eur MET%s
| 896 1:00 Austria MET%s 1981
897 1:00 EC MET%s
|
867
868# ZONE-DESCR Europe Vienna Austria All points
869
870# Belarus
871# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
872Zone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880
873 2:31 Russia LST%s 1919 Jul 1 2:00
874 3:00 Russia MS%s 1922 Oct
875 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
876 3:00 Russia MS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
877# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (May 28, 1994): A guess at recent dates:
878 2:00 1:00 "EET DST" 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
879 2:00 - EET 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
880 3:00 Russia MS%s
881
882# ZONE-DESCR Europe Minsk Belarus All points
883
884# Belgium
885# Whitman and Shanks disagree; go with Shanks, usually.
886# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
887# From Whitman:
888Rule Belgium 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
889Rule Belgium 1919 only - Oct 4 23:00s 0 -
890# Shanks gives 1920 Feb 14 23:00s; go with Whitman.
891Rule Belgium 1920 1921 - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
892Rule Belgium 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 -
893Rule Belgium 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 -
894Rule Belgium 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
895# Whitman gives 1927 Oct 1 2:00s and 1928 Oct 7 2:00s; go with Shanks.
896Rule Belgium 1922 1928 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
897Rule Belgium 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
898Rule Belgium 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
899Rule Belgium 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
900Rule Belgium 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
901Rule Belgium 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
902Rule Belgium 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
903Rule Belgium 1929 only - Apr 21 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
904Rule Belgium 1929 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 -
905Rule Belgium 1930 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
906Rule Belgium 1931 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
907Rule Belgium 1932 only - Apr 17 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
908Rule Belgium 1933 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
909Rule Belgium 1934 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
910Rule Belgium 1935 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
911Rule Belgium 1936 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
912# Whitman says 1937 Apr 18 2:00s; go with Shanks.
913Rule Belgium 1937 only - Apr 4 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
914# Whitman says 1938 Apr 10 2:00s; go with Shanks.
915Rule Belgium 1938 only - Mar 27 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
916Rule Belgium 1939 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
917Rule Belgium 1939 only - Nov 19 2:00s 0 -
918Rule Belgium 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
919Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
920Rule Belgium 1946 only - May 19 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
921Rule Belgium 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 -
922# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
923Zone Europe/Brussels 0:17:20 - LMT 1880
924 0:17 - BST 1892 May 1 12:00
925 0:00 - WET 1914 Aug 4
926 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1919 Mar 1 23:00
927 0:00 Belgium WET%s 1940 Feb 24 23:00
928 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 Apr 2 2:00
| 898
899# ZONE-DESCR Europe Vienna Austria All points
900
901# Belarus
902# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
903Zone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880
904 2:31 Russia LST%s 1919 Jul 1 2:00
905 3:00 Russia MS%s 1922 Oct
906 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
907 3:00 Russia MS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
908# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (May 28, 1994): A guess at recent dates:
909 2:00 1:00 "EET DST" 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
910 2:00 - EET 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
911 3:00 Russia MS%s
912
913# ZONE-DESCR Europe Minsk Belarus All points
914
915# Belgium
916# Whitman and Shanks disagree; go with Shanks, usually.
917# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
918# From Whitman:
919Rule Belgium 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
920Rule Belgium 1919 only - Oct 4 23:00s 0 -
921# Shanks gives 1920 Feb 14 23:00s; go with Whitman.
922Rule Belgium 1920 1921 - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
923Rule Belgium 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 -
924Rule Belgium 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 -
925Rule Belgium 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
926# Whitman gives 1927 Oct 1 2:00s and 1928 Oct 7 2:00s; go with Shanks.
927Rule Belgium 1922 1928 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
928Rule Belgium 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
929Rule Belgium 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
930Rule Belgium 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
931Rule Belgium 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
932Rule Belgium 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
933Rule Belgium 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
934Rule Belgium 1929 only - Apr 21 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
935Rule Belgium 1929 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 -
936Rule Belgium 1930 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
937Rule Belgium 1931 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
938Rule Belgium 1932 only - Apr 17 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
939Rule Belgium 1933 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
940Rule Belgium 1934 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
941Rule Belgium 1935 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
942Rule Belgium 1936 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
943# Whitman says 1937 Apr 18 2:00s; go with Shanks.
944Rule Belgium 1937 only - Apr 4 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
945# Whitman says 1938 Apr 10 2:00s; go with Shanks.
946Rule Belgium 1938 only - Mar 27 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
947Rule Belgium 1939 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
948Rule Belgium 1939 only - Nov 19 2:00s 0 -
949Rule Belgium 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
950Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
951Rule Belgium 1946 only - May 19 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
952Rule Belgium 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 -
953# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
954Zone Europe/Brussels 0:17:20 - LMT 1880
955 0:17 - BST 1892 May 1 12:00
956 0:00 - WET 1914 Aug 4
957 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1919 Mar 1 23:00
958 0:00 Belgium WET%s 1940 Feb 24 23:00
959 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 Apr 2 2:00
|
929 1:00 Belgium MET%s 1977 Apr 3 2:00
930 1:00 M-Eur MET%s
| 960 1:00 Belgium MET%s 1977
961 1:00 EC MET%s
|
931
932# ZONE-DESCR Europe Brussels Belgium All points
933
934# Bosnia and Herzegovina
935# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1918 Mar 18.
936# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
937Zone Europe/Sarajevo 1:13:40 - LMT 1884
938 1:00 - MET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
939 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 May 8 2:00s
940 1:00 1:00 "MET DST" 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
| 962
963# ZONE-DESCR Europe Brussels Belgium All points
964
965# Bosnia and Herzegovina
966# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1918 Mar 18.
967# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
968Zone Europe/Sarajevo 1:13:40 - LMT 1884
969 1:00 - MET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
970 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 May 8 2:00s
971 1:00 1:00 "MET DST" 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
|
941 1:00 - MET 1983 Mar 27 2:00s
942 1:00 M-Eur MET%s
| 972 1:00 - MET 1983
973 1:00 EC MET%s
|
943
944# ZONE-DESCR Europe Sarajevo Bosnia_and_Herzegovina All points
945
946# Bulgaria
947# Part switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1915 Nov 14;
948# the rest switched on 1920 Sep 17.
949# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
950Rule Bulg 1979 only - Mar 31 23:00 1:00 " DST"
951Rule Bulg 1979 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
952Rule Bulg 1980 1982 - Apr Sat<=7 23:00 1:00 " DST"
953Rule Bulg 1980 only - Sep 29 1:00 0 -
954Rule Bulg 1981 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 -
955# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
956Zone Europe/Sofia 1:33:16 - LMT 1880
957 1:57 - TST 1894 Nov 30
958 2:00 - EET 1942 Nov 2 3:00
959 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 Apr 2 3:00
960 2:00 - EET 1979 Mar 31 23:00
961 2:00 Bulg EET%s 1982 Sep 26 2:00
962 2:00 M-Eur EET%s
| 974
975# ZONE-DESCR Europe Sarajevo Bosnia_and_Herzegovina All points
976
977# Bulgaria
978# Part switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1915 Nov 14;
979# the rest switched on 1920 Sep 17.
980# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
981Rule Bulg 1979 only - Mar 31 23:00 1:00 " DST"
982Rule Bulg 1979 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
983Rule Bulg 1980 1982 - Apr Sat<=7 23:00 1:00 " DST"
984Rule Bulg 1980 only - Sep 29 1:00 0 -
985Rule Bulg 1981 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 -
986# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
987Zone Europe/Sofia 1:33:16 - LMT 1880
988 1:57 - TST 1894 Nov 30
989 2:00 - EET 1942 Nov 2 3:00
990 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 Apr 2 3:00
991 2:00 - EET 1979 Mar 31 23:00
992 2:00 Bulg EET%s 1982 Sep 26 2:00
993 2:00 M-Eur EET%s
|
| 994# This may change to `EC' soon.
|
963
964# ZONE-DESCR Europe Sofia Bulgaria All points
965
966# Croatia
967# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1918 Mar 18.
968# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
969Zone Europe/Zagreb 1:03:52 - LMT 1884
970 1:00 - MET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
971 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 May 8 2:00s
972 1:00 1:00 "MET DST" 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
| 995
996# ZONE-DESCR Europe Sofia Bulgaria All points
997
998# Croatia
999# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1918 Mar 18.
1000# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1001Zone Europe/Zagreb 1:03:52 - LMT 1884
1002 1:00 - MET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
1003 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 May 8 2:00s
1004 1:00 1:00 "MET DST" 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
|
973 1:00 - MET 1983 Mar 27 2:00s
974 1:00 M-Eur MET%s
| 1005 1:00 - MET 1983
1006 1:00 EC MET%s
|
975
976# ZONE-DESCR Europe Zagreb Croatia All points
977
978# Czech Republic
979# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
980Rule Czech 1944 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 -
981Rule Czech 1945 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
982Rule Czech 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 -
983Rule Czech 1946 only - May 6 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
984Rule Czech 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
985Rule Czech 1947 only - Apr 20 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
986Rule Czech 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
987Rule Czech 1949 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
988# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
989Zone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850
990 0:58 - PMT 1891 Oct # Prague Mean Time
991 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1944 Sep 17 2:00s
| 1007
1008# ZONE-DESCR Europe Zagreb Croatia All points
1009
1010# Czech Republic
1011# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1012Rule Czech 1944 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 -
1013Rule Czech 1945 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
1014Rule Czech 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 -
1015Rule Czech 1946 only - May 6 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
1016Rule Czech 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
1017Rule Czech 1947 only - Apr 20 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
1018Rule Czech 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
1019Rule Czech 1949 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
1020# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1021Zone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850
1022 0:58 - PMT 1891 Oct # Prague Mean Time
1023 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1944 Sep 17 2:00s
|
992 1:00 Czech MET%s 1979 Apr 1 2:00
993 1:00 M-Eur MET%s
| 1024 1:00 Czech MET%s 1979
1025 1:00 EC MET%s
|
994
995# ZONE-DESCR Europe Prague Czech_Republic All points
996
997# Denmark
998# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
999Rule Denmark 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 " DST"
1000Rule Denmark 1916 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 -
1001Rule Denmark 1940 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 " DST"
1002Rule Denmark 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
1003Rule Denmark 1945 only - Aug 15 2:00s 0 -
1004Rule Denmark 1946 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
1005Rule Denmark 1946 only - Sep 1 2:00s 0 -
1006Rule Denmark 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
1007Rule Denmark 1947 only - Aug 10 2:00s 0 -
1008Rule Denmark 1948 only - May 9 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
1009Rule Denmark 1948 only - Aug 8 2:00s 0 -
1010# Whitman also gives 1949 Apr 9 to 1949 Oct 1, and disagrees in minor ways
1011# about many of the above dates; go with Shanks.
1012#
1013# For 1894, Shanks says Jan, Whitman Apr; go with Whitman.
1014# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1015Zone Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890
1016 0:50 - CMT 1894 Apr # Copenhagen Mean Time
1017 1:00 Denmark MET%s 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
1018 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 Apr 2 2:00
| 1026
1027# ZONE-DESCR Europe Prague Czech_Republic All points
1028
1029# Denmark
1030# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1031Rule Denmark 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 " DST"
1032Rule Denmark 1916 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 -
1033Rule Denmark 1940 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 " DST"
1034Rule Denmark 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
1035Rule Denmark 1945 only - Aug 15 2:00s 0 -
1036Rule Denmark 1946 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
1037Rule Denmark 1946 only - Sep 1 2:00s 0 -
1038Rule Denmark 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
1039Rule Denmark 1947 only - Aug 10 2:00s 0 -
1040Rule Denmark 1948 only - May 9 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
1041Rule Denmark 1948 only - Aug 8 2:00s 0 -
1042# Whitman also gives 1949 Apr 9 to 1949 Oct 1, and disagrees in minor ways
1043# about many of the above dates; go with Shanks.
1044#
1045# For 1894, Shanks says Jan, Whitman Apr; go with Whitman.
1046# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1047Zone Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890
1048 0:50 - CMT 1894 Apr # Copenhagen Mean Time
1049 1:00 Denmark MET%s 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
1050 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 Apr 2 2:00
|
1019 1:00 Denmark MET%s 1980 Apr 6 2:00
1020 1:00 M-Eur MET%s
| 1051 1:00 Denmark MET%s 1980
1052 1:00 EC MET%s
|
1021Zone Atlantic/Faeroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # Torshavn
| 1053Zone Atlantic/Faeroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # Torshavn
|
1022 0:00 - WET 1981 Mar 29 1:00
1023 0:00 W-Eur WET%s
| 1054 0:00 - WET 1981
1055 0:00 EC WET%s
|
1024Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:29:00 - LMT 1916 Jul 28
1025 -2:00 - MGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
1026 -2:00 M-Eur MGT%s 1981 Mar 29
1027 -1:00 M-Eur EGT%s
1028Zone America/Godthab -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28
1029 -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
1030 -3:00 M-Eur WGT%s
1031Zone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28
1032 -4:00 - AST
1033
1034# ZONE-DESCR Europe Copenhagen Denmark All points except:
1035# ZONE-DESCR Atlantic Faeroe Denmark Faeroe Islands
1036
1037# ZONE-DESCR America Scoresbysund Denmark Eastern Greenland
1038# ZONE-DESCR America Godthab Denmark Western Greenland
1039# ZONE-DESCR America Thule Denmark Far Western Greenland (Thule)
1040
1041# Estonia
1042# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1918 Feb 15.
| 1056Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:29:00 - LMT 1916 Jul 28
1057 -2:00 - MGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
1058 -2:00 M-Eur MGT%s 1981 Mar 29
1059 -1:00 M-Eur EGT%s
1060Zone America/Godthab -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28
1061 -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
1062 -3:00 M-Eur WGT%s
1063Zone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28
1064 -4:00 - AST
1065
1066# ZONE-DESCR Europe Copenhagen Denmark All points except:
1067# ZONE-DESCR Atlantic Faeroe Denmark Faeroe Islands
1068
1069# ZONE-DESCR America Scoresbysund Denmark Eastern Greenland
1070# ZONE-DESCR America Godthab Denmark Western Greenland
1071# ZONE-DESCR America Thule Denmark Far Western Greenland (Thule)
1072
1073# Estonia
1074# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1918 Feb 15.
|
| 1075#
1076# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-10-15):
1077# A relative in Tallinn confirms the accuracy of the data for 1989 onwards
1078# [through 1994] and gives the legal authority for it,
1079# a regulation of the Government of Estonia, No. 111 of 1989....
|
1043# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1044Zone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880
1045 1:39 - LST 1918 Feb
1046 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1919 Jul
1047 1:39 - LST 1921 May
1048 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 6
1049 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 15
1050 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1944 Sep 22
1051 3:00 Russia MS%s 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
1052 2:00 1:00 "EET DST" 1989 Sep 24 2:00s
1053 2:00 M-Eur EET%s
| 1080# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1081Zone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880
1082 1:39 - LST 1918 Feb
1083 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1919 Jul
1084 1:39 - LST 1921 May
1085 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 6
1086 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 15
1087 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1944 Sep 22
1088 3:00 Russia MS%s 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
1089 2:00 1:00 "EET DST" 1989 Sep 24 2:00s
1090 2:00 M-Eur EET%s
|
| 1091# This may change to `EC' soon.
|
1054
1055# ZONE-DESCR Europe Tallinn Estonia All points
1056
1057# Finland
| 1092
1093# ZONE-DESCR Europe Tallinn Estonia All points
1094
1095# Finland
|
| 1096#
1097# From Hannu Strang <chs@apu.fi> (25 Sep 1994 06:03:37 UTC):
1098# Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one,
1099# and it's supposed to change at 4am...
1100#
1101# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (25 Sep 1994):
1102# Shanks says Finland has switched at 02:00 standard time since 1981.
1103# Go with Strang instead.
1104#
|
1058# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1059Rule Finland 1921 only - May 1 0:00 0 -
1060Rule Finland 1942 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 " DST"
1061Rule Finland 1942 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
1062# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1063Zone Europe/Helsinki 1:39:52 - LMT 1878 May 31
1064 1:40 - HMT 1921 May # Helsinki Mean Time
1065 2:00 Finland EET%s 1981 Mar 29 2:00
| 1105# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1106Rule Finland 1921 only - May 1 0:00 0 -
1107Rule Finland 1942 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 " DST"
1108Rule Finland 1942 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
1109# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1110Zone Europe/Helsinki 1:39:52 - LMT 1878 May 31
1111 1:40 - HMT 1921 May # Helsinki Mean Time
1112 2:00 Finland EET%s 1981 Mar 29 2:00
|
1066# 2:00 M-Eur EET%s
1067# Finland uses E-Eur not M-Eur rules, according to Hannu Strang.
1068 2:00 E-Eur EET%s
| 1113 2:00 EC EET%s
|
1069
1070# ZONE-DESCR Europe Helsinki Finland All points
1071
1072# France
1073# Shanks seems to use `24:00' ambiguously; we resolve it with Whitman.
1074# From Shanks (1991):
1075# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1076Rule France 1911 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
1077Rule France 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1078Rule France 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
1079Rule France 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1080Rule France 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1081Rule France 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1082Rule France 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1083Rule France 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 -
1084Rule France 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1085Rule France 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 -
1086Rule France 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1087Rule France 1922 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
1088Rule France 1923 only - May 26 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1089Rule France 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1090Rule France 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1091Rule France 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1092Rule France 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1093Rule France 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1094Rule France 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1095Rule France 1930 only - Apr 12 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1096Rule France 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1097Rule France 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1098Rule France 1933 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1099Rule France 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1100Rule France 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1101Rule France 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1102Rule France 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1103Rule France 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1104Rule France 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1105Rule France 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 -
1106Rule France 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 " DST"
1107# The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris,
1108# but were used in other places (e.g. Monaco).
1109Rule France 1941 only - May 5 0:00 2:00 " DDST"
1110Rule France 1941 only - Oct 6 1:00 1:00 " DST"
1111Rule France 1942 only - Mar 8 0:00 2:00 " DDST"
1112Rule France 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 1:00 " DST"
1113Rule France 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 2:00 " DDST"
1114Rule France 1943 only - Nov 4 3:00 1:00 " DST"
1115Rule France 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00 2:00 " DDST"
1116Rule France 1944 only - Oct 8 1:00 1:00 " DST"
1117Rule France 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 2:00 " DDST"
1118Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 -
1119# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com) (November 18, 1993):
1120# Shanks gives no times for 1975, but according to Cm722,
1121# France introduced summer time in 1975 from 20 March to 22 September.
1122Rule France 1975 only - Mar 20 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
1123Rule France 1975 only - Sep 22 2:00s 0 -
1124Rule France 1976 only - Mar 28 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
1125Rule France 1976 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
1126# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Whitman's more precise 0:09:05.
1127# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1128Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:05 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01
1129 0:09:05 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
1130 0:00 France WET%s 1940 Jun 14
1131 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1944 Aug 25
1132 0:00 France WET%s 1945 Sep 16 3:00
| 1114
1115# ZONE-DESCR Europe Helsinki Finland All points
1116
1117# France
1118# Shanks seems to use `24:00' ambiguously; we resolve it with Whitman.
1119# From Shanks (1991):
1120# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1121Rule France 1911 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
1122Rule France 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1123Rule France 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
1124Rule France 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1125Rule France 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1126Rule France 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1127Rule France 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1128Rule France 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 -
1129Rule France 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1130Rule France 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 -
1131Rule France 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1132Rule France 1922 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
1133Rule France 1923 only - May 26 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1134Rule France 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1135Rule France 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1136Rule France 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1137Rule France 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1138Rule France 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1139Rule France 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1140Rule France 1930 only - Apr 12 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1141Rule France 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1142Rule France 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1143Rule France 1933 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1144Rule France 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1145Rule France 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1146Rule France 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1147Rule France 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1148Rule France 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1149Rule France 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1150Rule France 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 -
1151Rule France 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 " DST"
1152# The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris,
1153# but were used in other places (e.g. Monaco).
1154Rule France 1941 only - May 5 0:00 2:00 " DDST"
1155Rule France 1941 only - Oct 6 1:00 1:00 " DST"
1156Rule France 1942 only - Mar 8 0:00 2:00 " DDST"
1157Rule France 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 1:00 " DST"
1158Rule France 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 2:00 " DDST"
1159Rule France 1943 only - Nov 4 3:00 1:00 " DST"
1160Rule France 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00 2:00 " DDST"
1161Rule France 1944 only - Oct 8 1:00 1:00 " DST"
1162Rule France 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 2:00 " DDST"
1163Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 -
1164# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com) (November 18, 1993):
1165# Shanks gives no times for 1975, but according to Cm722,
1166# France introduced summer time in 1975 from 20 March to 22 September.
1167Rule France 1975 only - Mar 20 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
1168Rule France 1975 only - Sep 22 2:00s 0 -
1169Rule France 1976 only - Mar 28 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
1170Rule France 1976 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
1171# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Whitman's more precise 0:09:05.
1172# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1173Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:05 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01
1174 0:09:05 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
1175 0:00 France WET%s 1940 Jun 14
1176 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1944 Aug 25
1177 0:00 France WET%s 1945 Sep 16 3:00
|
1133 1:00 France MET%s 1977 Apr Sun>=1 2:00
1134 1:00 M-Eur MET%s
| 1178 1:00 France MET%s 1977
1179 1:00 EC MET%s
|
1135
1136# ZONE-DESCR Europe Paris France All points
1137
1138# Germany
1139# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1140Rule Germany 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
1141Rule Germany 1945 only - May 24 2:00 2:00 " DDST"
1142Rule Germany 1945 only - Sep 24 3:00 1:00 " DST"
1143Rule Germany 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 -
1144Rule Germany 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
1145# Whitman gives 1948 Oct 31; go with Shanks.
1146Rule Germany 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
1147Rule Germany 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
1148Rule Germany 1947 only - May 11 2:00s 2:00 " DDST"
1149Rule Germany 1947 only - Jun 29 3:00 1:00 " DST"
1150Rule Germany 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
1151Rule Germany 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
1152# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1153Zone Europe/Berlin 0:53:28 - LMT 1893 Apr
1154 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 Apr 2 2:00
| 1180
1181# ZONE-DESCR Europe Paris France All points
1182
1183# Germany
1184# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1185Rule Germany 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
1186Rule Germany 1945 only - May 24 2:00 2:00 " DDST"
1187Rule Germany 1945 only - Sep 24 3:00 1:00 " DST"
1188Rule Germany 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 -
1189Rule Germany 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
1190# Whitman gives 1948 Oct 31; go with Shanks.
1191Rule Germany 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
1192Rule Germany 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
1193Rule Germany 1947 only - May 11 2:00s 2:00 " DDST"
1194Rule Germany 1947 only - Jun 29 3:00 1:00 " DST"
1195Rule Germany 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
1196Rule Germany 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
1197# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1198Zone Europe/Berlin 0:53:28 - LMT 1893 Apr
1199 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 Apr 2 2:00
|
1155 1:00 Germany MET%s 1980 Apr 6 2:00
1156 1:00 M-Eur MET%s
| 1200 1:00 Germany MET%s 1980
1201 1:00 EC MET%s
|
1157
1158# ZONE-DESCR Europe Berlin Germany All points
1159
1160# Gibraltar
1161# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1162Zone Europe/Gibraltar -0:21:24 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
1163 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1957 Apr 14 2:00
| 1202
1203# ZONE-DESCR Europe Berlin Germany All points
1204
1205# Gibraltar
1206# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1207Zone Europe/Gibraltar -0:21:24 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
1208 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1957 Apr 14 2:00
|
1164 1:00 - MET 1982 Mar 28 2:00
1165 1:00 M-Eur MET%s
| 1209 1:00 - MET 1982
1210 1:00 EC MET%s
|
1166
1167# ZONE-DESCR Europe Gibraltar United_Kingdom Gibraltar
1168
1169# Greece
1170# They adopted the Julian calendar in 1846.
1171# Part switched to the Gregorian calendar on 1916 Jul 28.
1172# The rest switched on 1920 Mar 18.
1173# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1174Rule Greece 1916 only - July 28 0:01 0 -
1175# Whitman gives 1932 Jul 5 - Nov 1; go with Shanks.
1176Rule Greece 1932 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 " DST"
1177Rule Greece 1932 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
1178# Whitman gives 1941 Apr 25 - ?; go with Shanks.
1179Rule Greece 1941 only - Apr 7 0:00 1:00 " DST"
1180# Whitman gives 1942 Feb 2 - ?; go with Shanks.
1181Rule Greece 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 -
1182Rule Greece 1943 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 " DST"
1183Rule Greece 1943 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
1184# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 3 - Oct 31; go with Shanks.
1185Rule Greece 1952 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
1186Rule Greece 1952 only - Nov 2 0:00 0 -
1187Rule Greece 1975 only - Apr 12 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
1188Rule Greece 1975 only - Nov 26 0:00s 0 -
1189Rule Greece 1976 only - Apr 11 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
1190Rule Greece 1976 only - Oct 10 2:00s 0 -
1191Rule Greece 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
1192Rule Greece 1977 only - Sep 26 2:00s 0 -
1193Rule Greece 1978 only - Sep 24 4:00 0 -
1194Rule Greece 1979 only - Apr 1 9:00 1:00 " DST"
1195Rule Greece 1979 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 -
1196Rule Greece 1980 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
1197Rule Greece 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
1198# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1199Zone Europe/Athens 1:34:52 - LMT 1895 Sep 14
1200 1:35 - AMT 1916 Jul 28 0:01 # Athens MT
1201 2:00 Greece EET%s 1941 Apr 30
1202 1:00 Greece MET%s 1944 Apr 4
| 1211
1212# ZONE-DESCR Europe Gibraltar United_Kingdom Gibraltar
1213
1214# Greece
1215# They adopted the Julian calendar in 1846.
1216# Part switched to the Gregorian calendar on 1916 Jul 28.
1217# The rest switched on 1920 Mar 18.
1218# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1219Rule Greece 1916 only - July 28 0:01 0 -
1220# Whitman gives 1932 Jul 5 - Nov 1; go with Shanks.
1221Rule Greece 1932 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 " DST"
1222Rule Greece 1932 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
1223# Whitman gives 1941 Apr 25 - ?; go with Shanks.
1224Rule Greece 1941 only - Apr 7 0:00 1:00 " DST"
1225# Whitman gives 1942 Feb 2 - ?; go with Shanks.
1226Rule Greece 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 -
1227Rule Greece 1943 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 " DST"
1228Rule Greece 1943 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
1229# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 3 - Oct 31; go with Shanks.
1230Rule Greece 1952 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
1231Rule Greece 1952 only - Nov 2 0:00 0 -
1232Rule Greece 1975 only - Apr 12 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
1233Rule Greece 1975 only - Nov 26 0:00s 0 -
1234Rule Greece 1976 only - Apr 11 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
1235Rule Greece 1976 only - Oct 10 2:00s 0 -
1236Rule Greece 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
1237Rule Greece 1977 only - Sep 26 2:00s 0 -
1238Rule Greece 1978 only - Sep 24 4:00 0 -
1239Rule Greece 1979 only - Apr 1 9:00 1:00 " DST"
1240Rule Greece 1979 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 -
1241Rule Greece 1980 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
1242Rule Greece 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
1243# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1244Zone Europe/Athens 1:34:52 - LMT 1895 Sep 14
1245 1:35 - AMT 1916 Jul 28 0:01 # Athens MT
1246 2:00 Greece EET%s 1941 Apr 30
1247 1:00 Greece MET%s 1944 Apr 4
|
1203 2:00 Greece EET%s 1981 Mar 29 2:00
1204 2:00 M-Eur EET%s
| 1248 2:00 Greece EET%s 1981
1249 # Shanks says they switched to M-Eur in 1981;
1250 # go with EC intead, since Greece joined it on Jan 1.
1251 2:00 EC EET%s
|
1205
1206# ZONE-DESCR Europe Athens Greece All points
1207
1208# Hungary
1209# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1210Rule Hungary 1918 only - Sep 29 2:00s 0 -
1211Rule Hungary 1919 only - Apr 15 3:00 1:00 " DST"
1212Rule Hungary 1919 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 -
1213Rule Hungary 1920 only - Apr 5 3:00 1:00 " DST"
1214Rule Hungary 1920 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
1215Rule Hungary 1945 only - May 1 23:00 1:00 " DST"
1216Rule Hungary 1945 only - Nov 3 0:00 0 -
1217Rule Hungary 1946 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
1218Rule Hungary 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
1219Rule Hungary 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=4 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
1220Rule Hungary 1950 only - Apr 17 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
1221Rule Hungary 1950 only - Oct 23 2:00s 0 -
1222Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - May 23 0:00 1:00 " DST"
1223Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
1224Rule Hungary 1956 only - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
1225Rule Hungary 1956 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1226Rule Hungary 1957 only - Jun Sun>=1 1:00 1:00 " DST"
1227Rule Hungary 1957 only - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 -
1228Rule Hungary 1980 only - Apr 6 1:00 1:00 " DST"
1229# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1230Zone Europe/Budapest 1:16:20 - LMT 1890 Oct
1231 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1918 Jul
1232 1:00 Hungary MET%s 1941 Apr 6 2:00
1233 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 May 1 23:00
1234 1:00 Hungary MET%s 1980 Sep 28 2:00s
| 1252
1253# ZONE-DESCR Europe Athens Greece All points
1254
1255# Hungary
1256# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1257Rule Hungary 1918 only - Sep 29 2:00s 0 -
1258Rule Hungary 1919 only - Apr 15 3:00 1:00 " DST"
1259Rule Hungary 1919 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 -
1260Rule Hungary 1920 only - Apr 5 3:00 1:00 " DST"
1261Rule Hungary 1920 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
1262Rule Hungary 1945 only - May 1 23:00 1:00 " DST"
1263Rule Hungary 1945 only - Nov 3 0:00 0 -
1264Rule Hungary 1946 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
1265Rule Hungary 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
1266Rule Hungary 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=4 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
1267Rule Hungary 1950 only - Apr 17 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
1268Rule Hungary 1950 only - Oct 23 2:00s 0 -
1269Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - May 23 0:00 1:00 " DST"
1270Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
1271Rule Hungary 1956 only - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
1272Rule Hungary 1956 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1273Rule Hungary 1957 only - Jun Sun>=1 1:00 1:00 " DST"
1274Rule Hungary 1957 only - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 -
1275Rule Hungary 1980 only - Apr 6 1:00 1:00 " DST"
1276# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1277Zone Europe/Budapest 1:16:20 - LMT 1890 Oct
1278 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1918 Jul
1279 1:00 Hungary MET%s 1941 Apr 6 2:00
1280 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 May 1 23:00
1281 1:00 Hungary MET%s 1980 Sep 28 2:00s
|
1235 1:00 M-Eur MET%s
| 1282 1:00 EC MET%s
|
1236
1237# ZONE-DESCR Europe Budapest Hungary All points
1238
1239# Iceland
1240#
1241# From Adam David <adam@veda.is> (November 6, 1993):
1242# The name of the timezone in Iceland for system / mail / news purposes is GMT.
1243#
1244# (December 5, 1993):
1245# This material is paraphrased from the 1988 edition of the University of
1246# Iceland Almanak.
1247#
1248# From January 1st, 1908 the whole of Iceland was standardised at 1 hour
1249# behind GMT. Previously, local mean solar time was used in different parts
1250# of Iceland, the almanak had been based on Reykjavik mean solar time which
1251# was 1 hour and 28 minutes behind GMT.
1252#
1253# "first day of winter" referred to [below] means the first day of the 26 weeks
1254# of winter, according to the old icelandic calendar that dates back to the
1255# time the norsemen first settled Iceland. The first day of winter is always
1256# Saturday, but is not dependent on the Julian or Gregorian calendars.
1257#
1258# (December 10, 1993):
1259# I have a reference from the Oxford Icelandic-English dictionary for the
1260# beginning of winter, which ties it to the ecclesiastical calendar (and thus
1261# to the julian/gregorian calendar) over the period in question.
1262# the winter begins on the Saturday next before St. Luke's day
1263# (old style), or on St. Luke's day, if a Saturday.
1264# St. Luke's day ought to be traceable from ecclesiastical sources. "old style"
1265# might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it
1266# might mean something else (???). The Gregorian calendar was not introduced
1267# in Iceland until 1700.
1268#
1269# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (December 9, 1993):
1270# The Iceland Almanak, Shanks and Whitman disagree on many points.
1271# We go with the Almanak, except for one claim from Shanks, namely that
1272# Reykavik was -1:28 from 1837 to 1908, local mean time before that.
1273#
1274# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1275Rule Iceland 1908 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S
1276Rule Iceland 1917 1918 - Feb 19 23:00 1:00 D
1277Rule Iceland 1917 only - Oct 21 1:00 0 S
1278Rule Iceland 1918 only - Nov 16 1:00 0 S
1279Rule Iceland 1939 only - Apr 29 23:00 1:00 D
1280Rule Iceland 1939 only - Nov 29 2:00 0 S
1281Rule Iceland 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 D
1282Rule Iceland 1940 only - Nov 3 2:00 0 S
1283Rule Iceland 1941 only - Mar 2 1:00s 1:00 D
1284Rule Iceland 1941 only - Nov 2 1:00s 0 S
1285Rule Iceland 1942 only - Mar 8 1:00s 1:00 D
1286Rule Iceland 1942 only - Oct 25 1:00s 0 S
1287# 1943-1946 - first Sunday in March until first Sunday in winter
1288Rule Iceland 1943 1946 - Mar Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 D
1289Rule Iceland 1943 1948 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 S
1290# 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter
1291Rule Iceland 1947 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 D
1292# 1949 Oct transition delayed by 1 week
1293Rule Iceland 1949 only - Oct 30 1:00s 0 S
1294Rule Iceland 1950 1966 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 S
1295Rule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 S
1296# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1297Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:27:24 - LMT 1837
1298 -1:28 - RMT 1908 # Reykjavik Mean Time
1299 -1:00 Iceland I%sT 1968 Apr 7 1:00s
1300 0:00 - GMT
1301
1302# ZONE-DESCR Atlantic Reykjavik Iceland All points
1303
1304# Italy
1305# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1306Rule Italy 1893 only - Nov 1 0:00s 0 S
1307# Shanks gives transition times of 1916-1920 as 24:00; go with Whitman.
1308Rule Italy 1916 only - Jun 3 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
1309Rule Italy 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 -
1310Rule Italy 1917 only - Mar 31 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
1311Rule Italy 1917 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 -
1312Rule Italy 1918 only - Mar 9 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
1313Rule Italy 1918 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 -
1314Rule Italy 1919 only - Mar 1 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
1315Rule Italy 1920 only - Mar 20 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
1316# Shanks gives 1920 Sep 18; go with Whitman.
1317Rule Italy 1920 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
1318Rule Italy 1940 only - Jun 15 0:00 1:00 " DST"
1319Rule Italy 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 " DST"
1320Rule Italy 1945 only - Sep 17 0:00 0 -
1321Rule Italy 1946 only - Mar 17 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
1322Rule Italy 1946 only - Oct 6 2:00s 0 -
1323Rule Italy 1947 only - Mar 16 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
1324Rule Italy 1947 only - Oct 5 0:00s 0 -
1325Rule Italy 1948 only - Feb 29 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
1326Rule Italy 1948 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 -
1327Rule Italy 1966 1968 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 " DST"
1328Rule Italy 1966 1969 - Sep Sun>=22 0:00 0 -
1329Rule Italy 1969 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
1330Rule Italy 1970 only - May 31 0:00 1:00 " DST"
1331Rule Italy 1970 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1332Rule Italy 1971 1972 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 " DST"
1333Rule Italy 1971 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
1334Rule Italy 1972 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1335Rule Italy 1973 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 " DST"
1336Rule Italy 1973 1974 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1337Rule Italy 1974 only - May 26 0:00 1:00 " DST"
1338Rule Italy 1975 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
1339Rule Italy 1975 1977 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
1340Rule Italy 1976 only - May 30 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
1341Rule Italy 1977 1979 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
1342Rule Italy 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
1343Rule Italy 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 -
1344# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1345Zone Europe/Rome 0:49:56 - LMT 1866 Sep 22
1346 0:50 - RMT 1893 Nov # Rome Mean Time
1347 1:00 Italy MET%s 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
1348 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 Apr 2 2:00s
| 1283
1284# ZONE-DESCR Europe Budapest Hungary All points
1285
1286# Iceland
1287#
1288# From Adam David <adam@veda.is> (November 6, 1993):
1289# The name of the timezone in Iceland for system / mail / news purposes is GMT.
1290#
1291# (December 5, 1993):
1292# This material is paraphrased from the 1988 edition of the University of
1293# Iceland Almanak.
1294#
1295# From January 1st, 1908 the whole of Iceland was standardised at 1 hour
1296# behind GMT. Previously, local mean solar time was used in different parts
1297# of Iceland, the almanak had been based on Reykjavik mean solar time which
1298# was 1 hour and 28 minutes behind GMT.
1299#
1300# "first day of winter" referred to [below] means the first day of the 26 weeks
1301# of winter, according to the old icelandic calendar that dates back to the
1302# time the norsemen first settled Iceland. The first day of winter is always
1303# Saturday, but is not dependent on the Julian or Gregorian calendars.
1304#
1305# (December 10, 1993):
1306# I have a reference from the Oxford Icelandic-English dictionary for the
1307# beginning of winter, which ties it to the ecclesiastical calendar (and thus
1308# to the julian/gregorian calendar) over the period in question.
1309# the winter begins on the Saturday next before St. Luke's day
1310# (old style), or on St. Luke's day, if a Saturday.
1311# St. Luke's day ought to be traceable from ecclesiastical sources. "old style"
1312# might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it
1313# might mean something else (???). The Gregorian calendar was not introduced
1314# in Iceland until 1700.
1315#
1316# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (December 9, 1993):
1317# The Iceland Almanak, Shanks and Whitman disagree on many points.
1318# We go with the Almanak, except for one claim from Shanks, namely that
1319# Reykavik was -1:28 from 1837 to 1908, local mean time before that.
1320#
1321# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1322Rule Iceland 1908 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S
1323Rule Iceland 1917 1918 - Feb 19 23:00 1:00 D
1324Rule Iceland 1917 only - Oct 21 1:00 0 S
1325Rule Iceland 1918 only - Nov 16 1:00 0 S
1326Rule Iceland 1939 only - Apr 29 23:00 1:00 D
1327Rule Iceland 1939 only - Nov 29 2:00 0 S
1328Rule Iceland 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 D
1329Rule Iceland 1940 only - Nov 3 2:00 0 S
1330Rule Iceland 1941 only - Mar 2 1:00s 1:00 D
1331Rule Iceland 1941 only - Nov 2 1:00s 0 S
1332Rule Iceland 1942 only - Mar 8 1:00s 1:00 D
1333Rule Iceland 1942 only - Oct 25 1:00s 0 S
1334# 1943-1946 - first Sunday in March until first Sunday in winter
1335Rule Iceland 1943 1946 - Mar Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 D
1336Rule Iceland 1943 1948 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 S
1337# 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter
1338Rule Iceland 1947 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 D
1339# 1949 Oct transition delayed by 1 week
1340Rule Iceland 1949 only - Oct 30 1:00s 0 S
1341Rule Iceland 1950 1966 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 S
1342Rule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 S
1343# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1344Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:27:24 - LMT 1837
1345 -1:28 - RMT 1908 # Reykjavik Mean Time
1346 -1:00 Iceland I%sT 1968 Apr 7 1:00s
1347 0:00 - GMT
1348
1349# ZONE-DESCR Atlantic Reykjavik Iceland All points
1350
1351# Italy
1352# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1353Rule Italy 1893 only - Nov 1 0:00s 0 S
1354# Shanks gives transition times of 1916-1920 as 24:00; go with Whitman.
1355Rule Italy 1916 only - Jun 3 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
1356Rule Italy 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 -
1357Rule Italy 1917 only - Mar 31 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
1358Rule Italy 1917 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 -
1359Rule Italy 1918 only - Mar 9 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
1360Rule Italy 1918 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 -
1361Rule Italy 1919 only - Mar 1 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
1362Rule Italy 1920 only - Mar 20 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
1363# Shanks gives 1920 Sep 18; go with Whitman.
1364Rule Italy 1920 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
1365Rule Italy 1940 only - Jun 15 0:00 1:00 " DST"
1366Rule Italy 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 " DST"
1367Rule Italy 1945 only - Sep 17 0:00 0 -
1368Rule Italy 1946 only - Mar 17 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
1369Rule Italy 1946 only - Oct 6 2:00s 0 -
1370Rule Italy 1947 only - Mar 16 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
1371Rule Italy 1947 only - Oct 5 0:00s 0 -
1372Rule Italy 1948 only - Feb 29 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
1373Rule Italy 1948 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 -
1374Rule Italy 1966 1968 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 " DST"
1375Rule Italy 1966 1969 - Sep Sun>=22 0:00 0 -
1376Rule Italy 1969 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
1377Rule Italy 1970 only - May 31 0:00 1:00 " DST"
1378Rule Italy 1970 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1379Rule Italy 1971 1972 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 " DST"
1380Rule Italy 1971 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
1381Rule Italy 1972 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1382Rule Italy 1973 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 " DST"
1383Rule Italy 1973 1974 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1384Rule Italy 1974 only - May 26 0:00 1:00 " DST"
1385Rule Italy 1975 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
1386Rule Italy 1975 1977 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
1387Rule Italy 1976 only - May 30 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
1388Rule Italy 1977 1979 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
1389Rule Italy 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
1390Rule Italy 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 -
1391# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1392Zone Europe/Rome 0:49:56 - LMT 1866 Sep 22
1393 0:50 - RMT 1893 Nov # Rome Mean Time
1394 1:00 Italy MET%s 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
1395 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 Apr 2 2:00s
|
1349 1:00 Italy MET%s 1980 Apr 6 2:00
1350 1:00 M-Eur MET%s
1351# Vatican is identical to Europe/Rome; San Marino is like Europe/Rome.
| 1396 1:00 Italy MET%s 1980
1397 1:00 EC MET%s
|
1352
| 1398
|
| 1399Link Europe/Rome Europe/Vatican
1400Link Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino
1401
|
1353# ZONE-DESCR Europe Rome Italy All points
| 1402# ZONE-DESCR Europe Rome Italy All points
|
| 1403# ZONE-DESCR Europe Vatican Holy_See All points
1404# ZONE-DESCR Europe San_Marino San_Marino All points
|
1354
1355# Latvia
1356# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1918 Feb 15.
1357# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1358Zone Europe/Riga 1:36:24 - LMT 1880
1359 1:36 - LST 1918 Apr 15 2:00
1360 1:36 M-Eur LST%s 1919 Apr 1 2:00
1361 1:36 1:00 "LST DST" 1919 May 22 3:00
1362 1:36 - LST 1926 May 11
1363 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 5
1364 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jul
1365 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1944 Aug 8
1366 3:00 Russia MS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1367 2:00 1:00 "EET DST" 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1368 2:00 M-Eur EET%s
| 1405
1406# Latvia
1407# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1918 Feb 15.
1408# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1409Zone Europe/Riga 1:36:24 - LMT 1880
1410 1:36 - LST 1918 Apr 15 2:00
1411 1:36 M-Eur LST%s 1919 Apr 1 2:00
1412 1:36 1:00 "LST DST" 1919 May 22 3:00
1413 1:36 - LST 1926 May 11
1414 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 5
1415 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jul
1416 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1944 Aug 8
1417 3:00 Russia MS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1418 2:00 1:00 "EET DST" 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1419 2:00 M-Eur EET%s
|
| 1420# This may change to `EC' soon.
|
1369
1370# ZONE-DESCR Europe Riga Latvia All points
1371
1372# Liechtenstein
1373# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1374Zone Europe/Vaduz 0:38:04 - LMT 1894 Jun
| 1421
1422# ZONE-DESCR Europe Riga Latvia All points
1423
1424# Liechtenstein
1425# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1426Zone Europe/Vaduz 0:38:04 - LMT 1894 Jun
|
1375 1:00 - MET 1981 Mar 29 2:00
1376 1:00 M-Eur MET%s
| 1427 1:00 - MET 1981
1428 1:00 EC MET%s
|
1377
1378# ZONE-DESCR Europe Vaduz Liechtenstein All points
1379
1380# Lithuania
1381# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1918 Feb 15.
1382# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1383Zone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880
1384 1:24 - LST 1917 # Kaunas
1385 1:36 - LST 1919 Oct 10
1386 1:00 - MET 1920 Jul 12
1387 2:00 - EET 1920 Oct 9
1388 1:00 - MET 1940 Aug 3
1389 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 24
1390 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1944 Aug
1391 3:00 Russia MS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1392 2:00 1:00 "EET DST" 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1393 2:00 M-Eur EET%s
| 1429
1430# ZONE-DESCR Europe Vaduz Liechtenstein All points
1431
1432# Lithuania
1433# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1918 Feb 15.
1434# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1435Zone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880
1436 1:24 - LST 1917 # Kaunas
1437 1:36 - LST 1919 Oct 10
1438 1:00 - MET 1920 Jul 12
1439 2:00 - EET 1920 Oct 9
1440 1:00 - MET 1940 Aug 3
1441 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 24
1442 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1944 Aug
1443 3:00 Russia MS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1444 2:00 1:00 "EET DST" 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1445 2:00 M-Eur EET%s
|
| 1446# This may change to `EC' soon.
|
1394
1395# ZONE-DESCR Europe Vilnius Lithuania All points
1396
1397# Luxembourg
1398# Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways; go with Shanks.
1399# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1400Rule Lux 1904 only - Jun 1 0:00 0 -
1401Rule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 " DST"
1402Rule Lux 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
1403Rule Lux 1917 only - Apr 28 23:00 1:00 " DST"
1404Rule Lux 1917 only - Sep 17 1:00 0 -
1405Rule Lux 1918 only - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
1406Rule Lux 1918 only - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 -
1407Rule Lux 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00 1:00 " DST"
1408Rule Lux 1919 only - Oct 5 3:00 0 -
1409Rule Lux 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 " DST"
1410Rule Lux 1920 only - Oct 24 2:00 0 -
1411Rule Lux 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00 1:00 " DST"
1412Rule Lux 1921 only - Oct 26 2:00 0 -
1413Rule Lux 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00 1:00 " DST"
1414Rule Lux 1922 only - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 -
1415Rule Lux 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00 1:00 " DST"
1416Rule Lux 1923 only - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 -
1417Rule Lux 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00 1:00 " DST"
1418Rule Lux 1924 1928 - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 -
1419Rule Lux 1925 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 " DST"
1420Rule Lux 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 " DST"
1421Rule Lux 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 " DST"
1422Rule Lux 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00 1:00 " DST"
1423Rule Lux 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 " DST"
1424# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1425Zone Europe/Luxembourg 0:24:36 - LMT 1904 Jun
1426 1:00 Lux MET%s 1918 Nov 25
1427 0:00 Lux WET%s 1929 Oct 6 2:00s
1428 0:00 Belgium WET%s 1940 May 14 3:00
1429 1:00 M-Eur WET%s 1944 Sep 18 3:00
| 1447
1448# ZONE-DESCR Europe Vilnius Lithuania All points
1449
1450# Luxembourg
1451# Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways; go with Shanks.
1452# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1453Rule Lux 1904 only - Jun 1 0:00 0 -
1454Rule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 " DST"
1455Rule Lux 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
1456Rule Lux 1917 only - Apr 28 23:00 1:00 " DST"
1457Rule Lux 1917 only - Sep 17 1:00 0 -
1458Rule Lux 1918 only - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
1459Rule Lux 1918 only - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 -
1460Rule Lux 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00 1:00 " DST"
1461Rule Lux 1919 only - Oct 5 3:00 0 -
1462Rule Lux 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 " DST"
1463Rule Lux 1920 only - Oct 24 2:00 0 -
1464Rule Lux 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00 1:00 " DST"
1465Rule Lux 1921 only - Oct 26 2:00 0 -
1466Rule Lux 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00 1:00 " DST"
1467Rule Lux 1922 only - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 -
1468Rule Lux 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00 1:00 " DST"
1469Rule Lux 1923 only - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 -
1470Rule Lux 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00 1:00 " DST"
1471Rule Lux 1924 1928 - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 -
1472Rule Lux 1925 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 " DST"
1473Rule Lux 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 " DST"
1474Rule Lux 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 " DST"
1475Rule Lux 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00 1:00 " DST"
1476Rule Lux 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 " DST"
1477# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1478Zone Europe/Luxembourg 0:24:36 - LMT 1904 Jun
1479 1:00 Lux MET%s 1918 Nov 25
1480 0:00 Lux WET%s 1929 Oct 6 2:00s
1481 0:00 Belgium WET%s 1940 May 14 3:00
1482 1:00 M-Eur WET%s 1944 Sep 18 3:00
|
1430 1:00 Belgium MET%s 1979 Apr 1 2:00
1431 1:00 M-Eur MET%s
| 1483 1:00 Belgium MET%s 1979
1484 1:00 EC MET%s
|
1432
1433# ZONE-DESCR Europe Luxembourg Luxembourg All points
1434
1435# Macedonia
1436# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1918 Mar 18.
1437# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1438Zone Europe/Skopje 1:25:44 - LMT 1884
1439 1:00 - MET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
1440 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 May 8 2:00s
1441 1:00 1:00 "MET DST" 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
| 1485
1486# ZONE-DESCR Europe Luxembourg Luxembourg All points
1487
1488# Macedonia
1489# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1918 Mar 18.
1490# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1491Zone Europe/Skopje 1:25:44 - LMT 1884
1492 1:00 - MET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
1493 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 May 8 2:00s
1494 1:00 1:00 "MET DST" 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
|
1442 1:00 - MET 1983 Mar 27 2:00s
1443 1:00 M-Eur MET%s
| 1495 1:00 - MET 1983
1496 1:00 EC MET%s
|
1444
| 1497
|
1445# ZONE-DESCR Europe Skopje F_Y_R_O_Macedonia All points
| 1498# ZONE-DESCR Europe Skopje Fmr_Yugoslav_Rep_Of_Macedonia All points
|
1446
1447# Malta
1448# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1449Rule Malta 1973 only - Mar 31 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
1450Rule Malta 1973 only - Sep 29 0:00s 0 -
1451Rule Malta 1974 only - Apr 21 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
1452Rule Malta 1974 only - Sep 16 0:00s 0 -
1453Rule Malta 1975 1979 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 " DST"
1454Rule Malta 1975 1980 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
1455Rule Malta 1980 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 " DST"
1456# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1457Zone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 2 # Valletta
1458 1:00 Italy MET%s 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
1459 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 Apr 2 2:00s
1460 1:00 Italy MET%s 1973 Mar 31
| 1499
1500# Malta
1501# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1502Rule Malta 1973 only - Mar 31 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
1503Rule Malta 1973 only - Sep 29 0:00s 0 -
1504Rule Malta 1974 only - Apr 21 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
1505Rule Malta 1974 only - Sep 16 0:00s 0 -
1506Rule Malta 1975 1979 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 " DST"
1507Rule Malta 1975 1980 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
1508Rule Malta 1980 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 " DST"
1509# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1510Zone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 2 # Valletta
1511 1:00 Italy MET%s 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
1512 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 Apr 2 2:00s
1513 1:00 Italy MET%s 1973 Mar 31
|
1461 1:00 Malta MET%s 1981 Mar 29 2:00s
1462 1:00 M-Eur MET%s
| 1514 1:00 Malta MET%s 1981
1515 1:00 EC MET%s
|
1463
1464# ZONE-DESCR Europe Malta Malta All points
1465
1466# Moldova
1467# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1919 Mar 18.
1468# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1469Zone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1924 May 2
1470 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
1471 3:00 Russia MS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1472 2:00 1:00 "EET DST" 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1473 2:00 M-Eur EET%s
| 1516
1517# ZONE-DESCR Europe Malta Malta All points
1518
1519# Moldova
1520# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1919 Mar 18.
1521# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1522Zone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1924 May 2
1523 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
1524 3:00 Russia MS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1525 2:00 1:00 "EET DST" 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1526 2:00 M-Eur EET%s
|
| 1527# This may change to `EC' soon.
|
1474
1475# ZONE-DESCR Europe Chisinau Moldova All points
1476
1477# Monaco
1478# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Whitman's more precise 0:09:05.
1479# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1480Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15
1481 0:09:05 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
1482 0:00 France WET%s 1945 Sep 16 3:00
| 1528
1529# ZONE-DESCR Europe Chisinau Moldova All points
1530
1531# Monaco
1532# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Whitman's more precise 0:09:05.
1533# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1534Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15
1535 0:09:05 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
1536 0:00 France WET%s 1945 Sep 16 3:00
|
1483 1:00 France MET%s 1977 Apr Sun>=1 2:00
1484 1:00 M-Eur MET%s
| 1537 1:00 France MET%s 1977
1538 1:00 EC MET%s
|
1485
1486# ZONE-DESCR Europe Monaco Monaco All points
1487
1488# Netherlands
1489# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1490Rule Neth 1892 only - May 1 0:00 0 AMT
1491# Shanks gives 1916 May 1 0:00 and 1916 Oct 1 0:00; go with Whitman.
1492Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 NST
1493Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 AMT
1494Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST
1495Rule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT
1496# Whitman gives 1918 Apr 14, 1918 Oct 31, and 1921 Sep 28; go with Shanks.
1497Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
1498Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep Mon>=24 2:00s 0 AMT
1499Rule Neth 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 NST
1500# Whitman gives 1939 Oct 1; go with Shanks.
1501Rule Neth 1922 1939 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 AMT
1502Rule Neth 1923 only - Jun 1 2:00s 1:00 NST
1503Rule Neth 1924 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 NST
1504# Whitman gives 1925 Apr 5; go with Shanks.
1505Rule Neth 1925 only - Jun 5 2:00s 1:00 NST
1506# For 1926 through 1930 Whitman gives Apr 15; go with Shanks.
1507Rule Neth 1926 1931 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST
1508Rule Neth 1932 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST
1509Rule Neth 1933 1936 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST
1510Rule Neth 1937 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST
1511# Whitman gives 1939 Apr 15 and 1940 Apr 19; go with Shanks.
1512Rule Neth 1938 1939 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST
| 1539
1540# ZONE-DESCR Europe Monaco Monaco All points
1541
1542# Netherlands
1543# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1544Rule Neth 1892 only - May 1 0:00 0 AMT
1545# Shanks gives 1916 May 1 0:00 and 1916 Oct 1 0:00; go with Whitman.
1546Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 NST
1547Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 AMT
1548Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST
1549Rule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT
1550# Whitman gives 1918 Apr 14, 1918 Oct 31, and 1921 Sep 28; go with Shanks.
1551Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
1552Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep Mon>=24 2:00s 0 AMT
1553Rule Neth 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 NST
1554# Whitman gives 1939 Oct 1; go with Shanks.
1555Rule Neth 1922 1939 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 AMT
1556Rule Neth 1923 only - Jun 1 2:00s 1:00 NST
1557Rule Neth 1924 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 NST
1558# Whitman gives 1925 Apr 5; go with Shanks.
1559Rule Neth 1925 only - Jun 5 2:00s 1:00 NST
1560# For 1926 through 1930 Whitman gives Apr 15; go with Shanks.
1561Rule Neth 1926 1931 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST
1562Rule Neth 1932 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST
1563Rule Neth 1933 1936 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST
1564Rule Neth 1937 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST
1565# Whitman gives 1939 Apr 15 and 1940 Apr 19; go with Shanks.
1566Rule Neth 1938 1939 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST
|
1513Rule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 -
1514Rule Neth 1945 only - May 20 2:00s 0 " DST"
| 1567Rule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
1568Rule Neth 1945 only - May 20 2:00s 0 -
|
1515# Before 1937, Shanks says just `0:20'; we use Whitman's more precise figure.
1516# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1517Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:28 - LMT 1892 May
1518 0:19:28 Neth %s 1937 Jul
1519 0:20 Neth %s 1940 May 16 0:40
1520 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 Apr 2 2:00
| 1569# Before 1937, Shanks says just `0:20'; we use Whitman's more precise figure.
1570# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1571Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:28 - LMT 1892 May
1572 0:19:28 Neth %s 1937 Jul
1573 0:20 Neth %s 1940 May 16 0:40
1574 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 Apr 2 2:00
|
1521 1:00 Neth MET%s 1977 Apr Sun>=1 2:00
1522 1:00 M-Eur MET%s
| 1575 1:00 Neth MET%s 1977
1576 1:00 EC MET%s
|
1523
1524# ZONE-DESCR Europe Amsterdam Netherlands All points
1525
1526# Norway
1527# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1528Rule Norway 1892 only - May 1 0:00 0 -
1529# Whitman gives 1916 May 21 - 1916 Oct 21; go with Shanks.
1530Rule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 " DST"
1531Rule Norway 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
1532# Shanks omits the following transition; go with Whitman.
1533Rule Norway 1935 only - Aug 11 0:00 1:00 " DST"
1534# Whitman says DST observed until 1942 Nov 1, then 1943 Mar 29 - Oct 4,
1535# 1944 Apr 3 - Oct 2, and 1945 Apr 1 - Oct 1; go with Shanks after 1940.
1536Rule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
1537Rule Norway 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 -
1538Rule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
1539Rule Norway 1959 1965 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
1540Rule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
1541# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1542Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895
1543 1:00 Norway MET%s 1940 Aug 10 23:00
1544 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 Apr 2 2:00
| 1577
1578# ZONE-DESCR Europe Amsterdam Netherlands All points
1579
1580# Norway
1581# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1582Rule Norway 1892 only - May 1 0:00 0 -
1583# Whitman gives 1916 May 21 - 1916 Oct 21; go with Shanks.
1584Rule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 " DST"
1585Rule Norway 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
1586# Shanks omits the following transition; go with Whitman.
1587Rule Norway 1935 only - Aug 11 0:00 1:00 " DST"
1588# Whitman says DST observed until 1942 Nov 1, then 1943 Mar 29 - Oct 4,
1589# 1944 Apr 3 - Oct 2, and 1945 Apr 1 - Oct 1; go with Shanks after 1940.
1590Rule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
1591Rule Norway 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 -
1592Rule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
1593Rule Norway 1959 1965 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
1594Rule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
1595# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1596Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895
1597 1:00 Norway MET%s 1940 Aug 10 23:00
1598 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 Apr 2 2:00
|
1545 1:00 Norway MET%s 1980 Apr 6 2:00
1546 1:00 M-Eur MET%s
| 1599 1:00 Norway MET%s 1980
1600 1:00 EC MET%s
|
1547# Svalbard is like Europe/Oslo.
1548#
1549# From Whitman:
1550# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1551Zone Atlantic/Jan_Mayen -1:00 - EGT
1552
1553# ZONE-DESCR Europe Oslo Norway All points except:
1554# ZONE-DESCR Atlantic Jan_Mayen Norway Jan Mayen Island
1555
1556# Poland
1557# Austrian and German Poland switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar
1558# on 1582 Oct 15. Russian Poland switched on 1918 Jan 14.
1559# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1560Rule Poland 1918 1919 - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
1561Rule Poland 1919 only - Apr 15 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
1562# Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks.
1563Rule Poland 1944 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
1564# For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks.
1565Rule Poland 1945 only - Apr 29 0:00 1:00 " DST"
1566Rule Poland 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
1567Rule Poland 1946 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 " DST"
1568Rule Poland 1946 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 -
1569Rule Poland 1947 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 " DST"
1570Rule Poland 1947 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
1571Rule Poland 1948 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 " DST"
1572# Whitman also gives 1949 Apr 9 - 1949 Oct 1; go with Shanks.
1573Rule Poland 1957 only - Jun 2 1:00s 1:00 " DST"
1574Rule Poland 1957 1958 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
1575Rule Poland 1958 only - Mar 30 1:00s 1:00 " DST"
1576Rule Poland 1959 only - May 31 1:00s 1:00 " DST"
1577Rule Poland 1959 1961 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00s 0 -
1578Rule Poland 1960 only - Apr 3 1:00s 1:00 " DST"
1579Rule Poland 1961 1964 - May Sun>=25 1:00s 1:00 " DST"
1580Rule Poland 1962 1964 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
1581# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1582Zone Europe/Warsaw 1:24:00 - LMT 1880
1583 1:24 - WMT 1915 Aug 5 # Warsaw Mean Time
1584 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1918 Sep 16 3:00
1585 2:00 Poland EET%s 1922 Jun
1586 1:00 Poland MET%s 1940 Jun 23 2:00
1587 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1944 Oct
1588 1:00 Poland MET%s 1977 Apr 3 1:00
1589 1:00 W-Eur MET%s
| 1601# Svalbard is like Europe/Oslo.
1602#
1603# From Whitman:
1604# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1605Zone Atlantic/Jan_Mayen -1:00 - EGT
1606
1607# ZONE-DESCR Europe Oslo Norway All points except:
1608# ZONE-DESCR Atlantic Jan_Mayen Norway Jan Mayen Island
1609
1610# Poland
1611# Austrian and German Poland switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar
1612# on 1582 Oct 15. Russian Poland switched on 1918 Jan 14.
1613# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1614Rule Poland 1918 1919 - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
1615Rule Poland 1919 only - Apr 15 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
1616# Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks.
1617Rule Poland 1944 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
1618# For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks.
1619Rule Poland 1945 only - Apr 29 0:00 1:00 " DST"
1620Rule Poland 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
1621Rule Poland 1946 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 " DST"
1622Rule Poland 1946 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 -
1623Rule Poland 1947 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 " DST"
1624Rule Poland 1947 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
1625Rule Poland 1948 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 " DST"
1626# Whitman also gives 1949 Apr 9 - 1949 Oct 1; go with Shanks.
1627Rule Poland 1957 only - Jun 2 1:00s 1:00 " DST"
1628Rule Poland 1957 1958 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
1629Rule Poland 1958 only - Mar 30 1:00s 1:00 " DST"
1630Rule Poland 1959 only - May 31 1:00s 1:00 " DST"
1631Rule Poland 1959 1961 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00s 0 -
1632Rule Poland 1960 only - Apr 3 1:00s 1:00 " DST"
1633Rule Poland 1961 1964 - May Sun>=25 1:00s 1:00 " DST"
1634Rule Poland 1962 1964 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
1635# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1636Zone Europe/Warsaw 1:24:00 - LMT 1880
1637 1:24 - WMT 1915 Aug 5 # Warsaw Mean Time
1638 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1918 Sep 16 3:00
1639 2:00 Poland EET%s 1922 Jun
1640 1:00 Poland MET%s 1940 Jun 23 2:00
1641 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1944 Oct
1642 1:00 Poland MET%s 1977 Apr 3 1:00
1643 1:00 W-Eur MET%s
|
| 1644# This may change to `EC' soon.
|
1590
1591# ZONE-DESCR Europe Warsaw Poland All points
1592
1593# Portugal
1594# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1595Rule Port 1911 only - May 24 0:00 0 -
1596Rule Port 1916 only - Jun 17 23:00 1:00 " DST"
1597# Whitman gives 1916 Oct 31; go with Shanks.
1598Rule Port 1916 only - Nov 1 1:00 0 -
1599Rule Port 1917 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1600Rule Port 1917 1921 - Oct 14 23:00s 0 -
1601Rule Port 1918 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1602Rule Port 1919 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1603Rule Port 1920 only - Feb 29 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1604Rule Port 1921 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1605Rule Port 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1606Rule Port 1924 only - Oct 14 23:00s 0 -
1607Rule Port 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1608Rule Port 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
1609Rule Port 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1610Rule Port 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1611Rule Port 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1612Rule Port 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1613# Whitman gives 1931 Oct 8; go with Shanks.
1614Rule Port 1931 1932 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
1615Rule Port 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1616# Shanks gives 1934 Apr 4; go with Whitman.
1617Rule Port 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1618# Whitman gives 1934 Oct 5; go with Shanks.
1619Rule Port 1934 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
1620# Shanks gives 1935 Apr 30; go with Whitman.
1621Rule Port 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1622Rule Port 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1623# Whitman gives 1937 Apr 2; go with Shanks.
1624Rule Port 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1625Rule Port 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1626Rule Port 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1627# Whitman gives 1939 Oct 7; go with Shanks.
1628Rule Port 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 -
1629Rule Port 1940 only - Feb 24 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1630# Shanks gives 1940 Oct 7; go with Whitman.
1631Rule Port 1940 1941 - Oct 5 23:00s 0 -
1632Rule Port 1941 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1633Rule Port 1942 1945 - Mar Sat>=8 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1634Rule Port 1942 only - Apr 25 22:00s 2:00 " DDST"
1635Rule Port 1942 only - Aug 15 22:00s 1:00 " DST"
1636Rule Port 1942 1945 - Oct Sat>=24 23:00s 0 -
1637Rule Port 1943 only - Apr 17 22:00s 2:00 " DDST"
1638Rule Port 1943 1945 - Aug Sat>=25 22:00s 1:00 " DST"
1639Rule Port 1944 1945 - Apr Sat>=21 22:00s 2:00 " DDST"
1640Rule Port 1946 only - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1641Rule Port 1946 only - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
1642Rule Port 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
1643Rule Port 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
1644# Shanks says DST was observed in 1950; go with Whitman.
1645# Whitman gives Oct lastSun for 1952 on; go with Shanks.
1646Rule Port 1951 1965 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
1647Rule Port 1951 1965 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
1648Rule Port 1977 only - Mar 27 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
1649Rule Port 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00s 0 -
1650Rule Port 1978 1979 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
1651Rule Port 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
1652Rule Port 1979 1982 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
1653Rule Port 1980 only - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
1654Rule Port 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 " DST"
1655Rule Port 1983 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
1656# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1657Zone Europe/Lisbon -0:36:32 - LMT 1884
1658 -0:37 - LMT 1911 May 24 # Lisbon Mean Time
1659 0:00 Port WET%s 1966 Apr 3 2:00
1660 1:00 - MET 1976 Sep 26 1:00
1661 0:00 Port WET%s 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
| 1645
1646# ZONE-DESCR Europe Warsaw Poland All points
1647
1648# Portugal
1649# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1650Rule Port 1911 only - May 24 0:00 0 -
1651Rule Port 1916 only - Jun 17 23:00 1:00 " DST"
1652# Whitman gives 1916 Oct 31; go with Shanks.
1653Rule Port 1916 only - Nov 1 1:00 0 -
1654Rule Port 1917 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1655Rule Port 1917 1921 - Oct 14 23:00s 0 -
1656Rule Port 1918 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1657Rule Port 1919 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1658Rule Port 1920 only - Feb 29 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1659Rule Port 1921 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1660Rule Port 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1661Rule Port 1924 only - Oct 14 23:00s 0 -
1662Rule Port 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1663Rule Port 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
1664Rule Port 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1665Rule Port 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1666Rule Port 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1667Rule Port 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1668# Whitman gives 1931 Oct 8; go with Shanks.
1669Rule Port 1931 1932 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
1670Rule Port 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1671# Shanks gives 1934 Apr 4; go with Whitman.
1672Rule Port 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1673# Whitman gives 1934 Oct 5; go with Shanks.
1674Rule Port 1934 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
1675# Shanks gives 1935 Apr 30; go with Whitman.
1676Rule Port 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1677Rule Port 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1678# Whitman gives 1937 Apr 2; go with Shanks.
1679Rule Port 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1680Rule Port 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1681Rule Port 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1682# Whitman gives 1939 Oct 7; go with Shanks.
1683Rule Port 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 -
1684Rule Port 1940 only - Feb 24 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1685# Shanks gives 1940 Oct 7; go with Whitman.
1686Rule Port 1940 1941 - Oct 5 23:00s 0 -
1687Rule Port 1941 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1688Rule Port 1942 1945 - Mar Sat>=8 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1689Rule Port 1942 only - Apr 25 22:00s 2:00 " DDST"
1690Rule Port 1942 only - Aug 15 22:00s 1:00 " DST"
1691Rule Port 1942 1945 - Oct Sat>=24 23:00s 0 -
1692Rule Port 1943 only - Apr 17 22:00s 2:00 " DDST"
1693Rule Port 1943 1945 - Aug Sat>=25 22:00s 1:00 " DST"
1694Rule Port 1944 1945 - Apr Sat>=21 22:00s 2:00 " DDST"
1695Rule Port 1946 only - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1696Rule Port 1946 only - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
1697Rule Port 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
1698Rule Port 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
1699# Shanks says DST was observed in 1950; go with Whitman.
1700# Whitman gives Oct lastSun for 1952 on; go with Shanks.
1701Rule Port 1951 1965 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
1702Rule Port 1951 1965 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
1703Rule Port 1977 only - Mar 27 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
1704Rule Port 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00s 0 -
1705Rule Port 1978 1979 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
1706Rule Port 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
1707Rule Port 1979 1982 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
1708Rule Port 1980 only - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
1709Rule Port 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 " DST"
1710Rule Port 1983 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 " DST"
1711# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1712Zone Europe/Lisbon -0:36:32 - LMT 1884
1713 -0:37 - LMT 1911 May 24 # Lisbon Mean Time
1714 0:00 Port WET%s 1966 Apr 3 2:00
1715 1:00 - MET 1976 Sep 26 1:00
1716 0:00 Port WET%s 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
|
1662 0:00 W-Eur WET%s 1992 Sep 27 1:00s
| 1717 0:00 EC WET%s 1992 Sep 27 1:00s
|
1663# From Rui Pedro Salgueiro <rps@inescca.inescc.pt> (November 12, 1992):
1664# Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone
1665# (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC.
| 1718# From Rui Pedro Salgueiro <rps@inescca.inescc.pt> (November 12, 1992):
1719# Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone
1720# (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC.
|
1666 1:00 M-Eur MET%s
| 1721 1:00 EC MET%s
|
1667# We don't know what happened to Madeira or the Azores,
1668# so we'll just use Shanks for now.
1669# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1670Zone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada
1671 -1:55 - HMT 1911 May 24 # Horta Mean Time
1672 -2:00 Port ACT%s 1966 Apr 3 2:00
1673 -1:00 - ACT 1977 Mar 27
1674 -1:00 - ACT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
1675 -1:00 W-Eur ACT%s
1676Zone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal
1677 -1:08 - FMT 1911 May 24 # Funchal Mean Time
1678 -1:00 Port ACT%s 1966 Apr 3 2:00
1679 0:00 - WET 1977 Mar 27
1680 0:00 Port WET%s 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
| 1722# We don't know what happened to Madeira or the Azores,
1723# so we'll just use Shanks for now.
1724# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1725Zone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada
1726 -1:55 - HMT 1911 May 24 # Horta Mean Time
1727 -2:00 Port ACT%s 1966 Apr 3 2:00
1728 -1:00 - ACT 1977 Mar 27
1729 -1:00 - ACT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
1730 -1:00 W-Eur ACT%s
1731Zone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal
1732 -1:08 - FMT 1911 May 24 # Funchal Mean Time
1733 -1:00 Port ACT%s 1966 Apr 3 2:00
1734 0:00 - WET 1977 Mar 27
1735 0:00 Port WET%s 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
|
1681 0:00 W-Eur WET%s
| 1736 0:00 EC WET%s
|
1682
1683# ZONE-DESCR Europe Lisbon Portugal All points except:
1684# ZONE-DESCR Atlantic Azores Portugal Azores
1685# ZONE-DESCR Atlantic Madeira Portugal Madeira
1686
1687# Slovakia
1688Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava
1689
1690# ZONE-DESCR Europe Bratislava Slovakia All points
1691
1692# Romania
1693# Catholic Romania switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on
1694# on 1919 Mar 18. Greek Orthodox Romania switched on 1920 Mar 18.
1695# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1696Rule Romania 1931 only - Jul 24 0:00 0 -
1697Rule Romania 1932 only - May 21 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
1698Rule Romania 1932 1939 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 -
1699Rule Romania 1933 1939 - Apr Sun>=2 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
1700Rule Romania 1979 only - May 27 0:00 1:00 " DST"
1701Rule Romania 1979 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1702Rule Romania 1980 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 " DST"
1703Rule Romania 1980 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
1704# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1705Zone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct
1706 1:44 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
1707 2:00 Romania EET%s 1981 Mar 29 2:00s
1708 2:00 M-Eur EET%s
| 1737
1738# ZONE-DESCR Europe Lisbon Portugal All points except:
1739# ZONE-DESCR Atlantic Azores Portugal Azores
1740# ZONE-DESCR Atlantic Madeira Portugal Madeira
1741
1742# Slovakia
1743Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava
1744
1745# ZONE-DESCR Europe Bratislava Slovakia All points
1746
1747# Romania
1748# Catholic Romania switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on
1749# on 1919 Mar 18. Greek Orthodox Romania switched on 1920 Mar 18.
1750# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1751Rule Romania 1931 only - Jul 24 0:00 0 -
1752Rule Romania 1932 only - May 21 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
1753Rule Romania 1932 1939 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 -
1754Rule Romania 1933 1939 - Apr Sun>=2 0:00s 1:00 " DST"
1755Rule Romania 1979 only - May 27 0:00 1:00 " DST"
1756Rule Romania 1979 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1757Rule Romania 1980 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 " DST"
1758Rule Romania 1980 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
1759# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1760Zone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct
1761 1:44 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
1762 2:00 Romania EET%s 1981 Mar 29 2:00s
1763 2:00 M-Eur EET%s
|
| 1764# This may change to `EC' soon.
|
1709
1710# ZONE-DESCR Europe Bucharest Romania All points
1711
1712# Russia
1713# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (May 28, 1994):
1714# Moscow and Novosibirsk time zone names, and Moscow rules after 1991,
1715# are from Andrew A. Chernov <ache@astral.msk.su>.
1716# I invented the other time zone names, and (unless otherwise specified)
1717# guessed what happened after 1991; the clocks were chaotic, and we know little.
1718# The rest is from Shanks.
1719#
1720# From Shanks (1991):
1721# Western Russia switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar
1722# on 1918 Jan 14. Eastern Russia switched on 1920 Mar 18.
1723# In 1929 the Soviet Union instituted a 5 day week; in 1932 it instituted
1724# a 6 day week; on 1940 Jun 27 it returned to the Gregorian week.
1725# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1726Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:20 - LMT 1880
1727 2:31 Russia LST%s 1919 Jul 1 2:00
1728 3:00 Russia MS%s 1922 Oct
1729 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
1730 3:00 Russia MS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1731 2:00 1:00 "EET DST" 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1732 2:00 - EET 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1733 3:00 Russia MS%s
1734# ZONE-DESCR Europe Moscow Russia Moscow zone
1735Zone Europe/Kuybyshev 3:20:36 - LMT 1924 May 2
1736 3:00 - KSK 1957 Mar
1737 4:00 Russia KS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1738 3:00 1:00 KSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1739 3:00 - KSK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1740 4:00 Russia KS%s
1741# ZONE-DESCR Europe Kuybyshev Russia Kuybyshev zone
1742Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:34 - LMT 1924 May 2
1743 4:00 - SSK 1957 Mar
1744 5:00 Russia SS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1745 4:00 1:00 SSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1746 4:00 - SSK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1747 5:00 Russia ES%s # name change from Sverdlovsk
1748# ZONE-DESCR Asia Yekaterinburg Russia Yekaterinburg zone
1749Zone Asia/Omsk 4:53:36 - LMT 1924 May 2
1750 5:00 - OSK 1957 Mar
1751 6:00 Russia OS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1752 5:00 1:00 OSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1753 5:00 - OSK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1754 6:00 Russia OS%s
1755# ZONE-DESCR Asia Omsk Russia Omsk zone
1756# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski <S.A.Kuz@iae.nsk.su> (June 29, 1994):
1757# But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow!
1758# I do not know why they have decided to make this change;
1759# as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching
1760# so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch.
1761# Tomsk is still 4 hours ahead of Moscow.
1762Zone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1924 May 2
1763 6:00 - NSK 1957 Mar
1764 7:00 Russia NS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1765 6:00 1:00 NSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1766 6:00 - NSK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1767 7:00 Russia NS%s 1994 Mar 27 2:00s
1768 6:00 1:00 NSD 1994 Sep 25 2:00s
1769 6:00 Russia NS%s
1770# ZONE-DESCR Asia Novosibirsk Russia Novosibirsk zone
1771Zone Asia/Tomsk 5:39:52 - LMT 1924 May 2
1772 6:00 - TSK 1957 Mar
1773 7:00 Russia TS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1774 6:00 1:00 TSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1775 6:00 - TSK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1776 7:00 Russia TS%s
1777# ZONE-DESCR Asia Tomsk Russia Tomsk zone
1778Zone Asia/Irkutsk 6:57:20 - LMT 1880
1779 6:57 - LST 1924 May 2
1780 7:00 - ISK 1957 Mar
1781 8:00 Russia IS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1782 7:00 1:00 ISD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1783 7:00 - ISK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1784 8:00 Russia IS%s
1785# ZONE-DESCR Asia Irkutsk Russia Irkutsk zone
1786Zone Asia/Yakutsk 8:38:40 - LMT 1924 May 2
1787 8:00 - YSK 1957 Mar
1788 9:00 Russia YS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1789 8:00 1:00 YSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1790 8:00 - YSK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1791 9:00 Russia YS%s
1792# ZONE-DESCR Asia Yakutsk Russia Yakutsk zone
1793Zone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:44 - LMT 1880
1794 8:48 - LST 1924 May 2
1795 9:00 - VSK 1957 Mar
1796 10:00 Russia VS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1797 9:00 1:00 VSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1798 9:00 - VSK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1799 10:00 Russia VS%s
1800# ZONE-DESCR Asia Vladivostok Russia Vladivostok zone
1801# MSK is taken; settle for GSK.
1802Zone Asia/Magadan 10:03:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
1803 10:00 - GSK 1957 Mar
1804 11:00 Russia GS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1805 10:00 1:00 GSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1806 10:00 - GSK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1807 11:00 Russia GS%s
1808# ZONE-DESCR Asia Magadan Russia Magadan zone
1809# This name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski, but that's too long.
1810Zone Asia/Kamchatka 10:34:36 - LMT 1924 May 2
1811 11:00 - PSK 1957 Mar
1812 12:00 Russia PS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1813 11:00 1:00 PSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1814 11:00 - PSK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1815 12:00 Russia PS%s
1816# ZONE-DESCR Asia Kamchatka Russia Kamchatka zone
1817Zone Asia/Anadyr 11:49:56 - LMT 1924 May 2
1818 12:00 - ASK 1957 Mar
1819 13:00 Russia AS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1820 12:00 1:00 ASD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1821 12:00 - ASK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1822 13:00 Russia AS%s
1823
1824# ZONE-DESCR Asia Anadyr Russia Anadyr zone
| 1765
1766# ZONE-DESCR Europe Bucharest Romania All points
1767
1768# Russia
1769# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (May 28, 1994):
1770# Moscow and Novosibirsk time zone names, and Moscow rules after 1991,
1771# are from Andrew A. Chernov <ache@astral.msk.su>.
1772# I invented the other time zone names, and (unless otherwise specified)
1773# guessed what happened after 1991; the clocks were chaotic, and we know little.
1774# The rest is from Shanks.
1775#
1776# From Shanks (1991):
1777# Western Russia switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar
1778# on 1918 Jan 14. Eastern Russia switched on 1920 Mar 18.
1779# In 1929 the Soviet Union instituted a 5 day week; in 1932 it instituted
1780# a 6 day week; on 1940 Jun 27 it returned to the Gregorian week.
1781# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1782Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:20 - LMT 1880
1783 2:31 Russia LST%s 1919 Jul 1 2:00
1784 3:00 Russia MS%s 1922 Oct
1785 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
1786 3:00 Russia MS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1787 2:00 1:00 "EET DST" 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1788 2:00 - EET 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1789 3:00 Russia MS%s
1790# ZONE-DESCR Europe Moscow Russia Moscow zone
1791Zone Europe/Kuybyshev 3:20:36 - LMT 1924 May 2
1792 3:00 - KSK 1957 Mar
1793 4:00 Russia KS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1794 3:00 1:00 KSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1795 3:00 - KSK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1796 4:00 Russia KS%s
1797# ZONE-DESCR Europe Kuybyshev Russia Kuybyshev zone
1798Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:34 - LMT 1924 May 2
1799 4:00 - SSK 1957 Mar
1800 5:00 Russia SS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1801 4:00 1:00 SSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1802 4:00 - SSK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1803 5:00 Russia ES%s # name change from Sverdlovsk
1804# ZONE-DESCR Asia Yekaterinburg Russia Yekaterinburg zone
1805Zone Asia/Omsk 4:53:36 - LMT 1924 May 2
1806 5:00 - OSK 1957 Mar
1807 6:00 Russia OS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1808 5:00 1:00 OSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1809 5:00 - OSK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1810 6:00 Russia OS%s
1811# ZONE-DESCR Asia Omsk Russia Omsk zone
1812# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski <S.A.Kuz@iae.nsk.su> (June 29, 1994):
1813# But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow!
1814# I do not know why they have decided to make this change;
1815# as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching
1816# so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch.
1817# Tomsk is still 4 hours ahead of Moscow.
1818Zone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1924 May 2
1819 6:00 - NSK 1957 Mar
1820 7:00 Russia NS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1821 6:00 1:00 NSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1822 6:00 - NSK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1823 7:00 Russia NS%s 1994 Mar 27 2:00s
1824 6:00 1:00 NSD 1994 Sep 25 2:00s
1825 6:00 Russia NS%s
1826# ZONE-DESCR Asia Novosibirsk Russia Novosibirsk zone
1827Zone Asia/Tomsk 5:39:52 - LMT 1924 May 2
1828 6:00 - TSK 1957 Mar
1829 7:00 Russia TS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1830 6:00 1:00 TSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1831 6:00 - TSK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1832 7:00 Russia TS%s
1833# ZONE-DESCR Asia Tomsk Russia Tomsk zone
1834Zone Asia/Irkutsk 6:57:20 - LMT 1880
1835 6:57 - LST 1924 May 2
1836 7:00 - ISK 1957 Mar
1837 8:00 Russia IS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1838 7:00 1:00 ISD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1839 7:00 - ISK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1840 8:00 Russia IS%s
1841# ZONE-DESCR Asia Irkutsk Russia Irkutsk zone
1842Zone Asia/Yakutsk 8:38:40 - LMT 1924 May 2
1843 8:00 - YSK 1957 Mar
1844 9:00 Russia YS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1845 8:00 1:00 YSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1846 8:00 - YSK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1847 9:00 Russia YS%s
1848# ZONE-DESCR Asia Yakutsk Russia Yakutsk zone
1849Zone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:44 - LMT 1880
1850 8:48 - LST 1924 May 2
1851 9:00 - VSK 1957 Mar
1852 10:00 Russia VS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1853 9:00 1:00 VSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1854 9:00 - VSK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1855 10:00 Russia VS%s
1856# ZONE-DESCR Asia Vladivostok Russia Vladivostok zone
1857# MSK is taken; settle for GSK.
1858Zone Asia/Magadan 10:03:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
1859 10:00 - GSK 1957 Mar
1860 11:00 Russia GS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1861 10:00 1:00 GSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1862 10:00 - GSK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1863 11:00 Russia GS%s
1864# ZONE-DESCR Asia Magadan Russia Magadan zone
1865# This name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski, but that's too long.
1866Zone Asia/Kamchatka 10:34:36 - LMT 1924 May 2
1867 11:00 - PSK 1957 Mar
1868 12:00 Russia PS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1869 11:00 1:00 PSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1870 11:00 - PSK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1871 12:00 Russia PS%s
1872# ZONE-DESCR Asia Kamchatka Russia Kamchatka zone
1873Zone Asia/Anadyr 11:49:56 - LMT 1924 May 2
1874 12:00 - ASK 1957 Mar
1875 13:00 Russia AS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1876 12:00 1:00 ASD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1877 12:00 - ASK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1878 13:00 Russia AS%s
1879
1880# ZONE-DESCR Asia Anadyr Russia Anadyr zone
|
1825# Serbia
| 1881
1882# Yugoslavia (what's left of it -- mostly Serbia)
|
1826# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1918 Mar 18.
1827# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1828Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884
1829 1:00 - MET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
1830 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 May 8 2:00s
1831 1:00 1:00 "MET DST" 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
| 1883# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1918 Mar 18.
1884# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1885Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884
1886 1:00 - MET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
1887 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 May 8 2:00s
1888 1:00 1:00 "MET DST" 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
|
1832 1:00 - MET 1983 Mar 27 2:00s
1833 1:00 M-Eur MET%s
| 1889 1:00 - MET 1983
1890 1:00 EC MET%s
|
1834
1835# ZONE-DESCR Europe Belgrade Serbia All points
1836
1837# Slovenia
1838# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1918 Mar 18.
1839# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1840Zone Europe/Ljubljana 0:58:04 - LMT 1884
1841 1:00 - MET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
1842 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 May 8 2:00s
1843 1:00 1:00 "MET DST" 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
| 1891
1892# ZONE-DESCR Europe Belgrade Serbia All points
1893
1894# Slovenia
1895# They switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar on 1918 Mar 18.
1896# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1897Zone Europe/Ljubljana 0:58:04 - LMT 1884
1898 1:00 - MET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
1899 1:00 M-Eur MET%s 1945 May 8 2:00s
1900 1:00 1:00 "MET DST" 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
|
1844 1:00 - MET 1983 Mar 27 2:00s
1845 1:00 M-Eur MET%s
| 1901 1:00 - MET 1983
1902 1:00 EC MET%s
|
1846
1847# ZONE-DESCR Europe Ljubljana Slovenia All points
1848
1849# Spain
1850# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1851Rule Spain 1901 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
1852# For 1917-1919 Whitman gives Apr Sat>=1 - Oct Sat>=1; go with Shanks.
1853Rule Spain 1917 only - May 5 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1854Rule Spain 1917 1919 - Oct 6 23:00s 0 -
1855Rule Spain 1918 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1856Rule Spain 1919 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1857# Whitman gives 1921 Feb 28 - Oct 14; go with Shanks.
1858Rule Spain 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1859# Whitman gives 1924 Oct 14; go with Shanks.
1860Rule Spain 1924 only - Oct 4 23:00s 0 -
1861Rule Spain 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1862# Whitman says no DST in 1929; go with Shanks.
1863Rule Spain 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
1864Rule Spain 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1865Rule Spain 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1866Rule Spain 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1867# Whitman gives 1937 Jun 16, 1938 Apr 16, 1940 Apr 13; go with Shanks.
1868Rule Spain 1937 only - May 22 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1869Rule Spain 1937 1939 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
1870Rule Spain 1938 only - Mar 22 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1871Rule Spain 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1872Rule Spain 1940 only - Mar 16 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1873# Whitman says no DST 1942-1945; go with Shanks.
1874Rule Spain 1942 only - May 2 22:00s 2:00 " DDST"
1875Rule Spain 1942 only - Sep 1 22:00s 1:00 " DST"
1876Rule Spain 1943 1946 - Apr Sat>=13 22:00s 2:00 " DDST"
1877Rule Spain 1943 only - Oct 3 22:00s 1:00 " DST"
1878Rule Spain 1944 only - Oct 10 22:00s 1:00 " DST"
1879Rule Spain 1945 only - Sep 30 1:00 1:00 " DST"
1880Rule Spain 1949 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 " DST"
1881Rule Spain 1949 only - Sep 30 1:00 0 -
1882Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Apr Sat>=13 23:00 1:00 " DST"
1883Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 -
1884Rule Spain 1976 only - Mar 27 23:00 1:00 " DST"
1885Rule Spain 1976 1977 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
1886Rule Spain 1977 1978 - Apr 2 23:00 1:00 " DST"
1887Rule Spain 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
1888# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1889Zone Europe/Madrid -0:14:44 - LMT 1901
1890 0:00 Spain WET%s 1946 Sep 30
| 1903
1904# ZONE-DESCR Europe Ljubljana Slovenia All points
1905
1906# Spain
1907# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1908Rule Spain 1901 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 -
1909# For 1917-1919 Whitman gives Apr Sat>=1 - Oct Sat>=1; go with Shanks.
1910Rule Spain 1917 only - May 5 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1911Rule Spain 1917 1919 - Oct 6 23:00s 0 -
1912Rule Spain 1918 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1913Rule Spain 1919 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1914# Whitman gives 1921 Feb 28 - Oct 14; go with Shanks.
1915Rule Spain 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1916# Whitman gives 1924 Oct 14; go with Shanks.
1917Rule Spain 1924 only - Oct 4 23:00s 0 -
1918Rule Spain 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1919# Whitman says no DST in 1929; go with Shanks.
1920Rule Spain 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
1921Rule Spain 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1922Rule Spain 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1923Rule Spain 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1924# Whitman gives 1937 Jun 16, 1938 Apr 16, 1940 Apr 13; go with Shanks.
1925Rule Spain 1937 only - May 22 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1926Rule Spain 1937 1939 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
1927Rule Spain 1938 only - Mar 22 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1928Rule Spain 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1929Rule Spain 1940 only - Mar 16 23:00s 1:00 " DST"
1930# Whitman says no DST 1942-1945; go with Shanks.
1931Rule Spain 1942 only - May 2 22:00s 2:00 " DDST"
1932Rule Spain 1942 only - Sep 1 22:00s 1:00 " DST"
1933Rule Spain 1943 1946 - Apr Sat>=13 22:00s 2:00 " DDST"
1934Rule Spain 1943 only - Oct 3 22:00s 1:00 " DST"
1935Rule Spain 1944 only - Oct 10 22:00s 1:00 " DST"
1936Rule Spain 1945 only - Sep 30 1:00 1:00 " DST"
1937Rule Spain 1949 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 " DST"
1938Rule Spain 1949 only - Sep 30 1:00 0 -
1939Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Apr Sat>=13 23:00 1:00 " DST"
1940Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 -
1941Rule Spain 1976 only - Mar 27 23:00 1:00 " DST"
1942Rule Spain 1976 1977 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
1943Rule Spain 1977 1978 - Apr 2 23:00 1:00 " DST"
1944Rule Spain 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
1945# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1946Zone Europe/Madrid -0:14:44 - LMT 1901
1947 0:00 Spain WET%s 1946 Sep 30
|
1891 1:00 Spain MET%s 1979 Apr 1 2:00
1892 1:00 M-Eur MET%s
| 1948 1:00 Spain MET%s 1979
1949 1:00 EC MET%s
|
1893Zone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C.
1894 -1:00 - ACT 1946 Sep 30 1:00
1895 0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s
1896 0:00 1:00 "WET DST" 1980 Sep 28 0:00s
| 1950Zone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C.
1951 -1:00 - ACT 1946 Sep 30 1:00
1952 0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s
1953 0:00 1:00 "WET DST" 1980 Sep 28 0:00s
|
1897 0:00 W-Eur WET%s
| 1954 0:00 EC WET%s
|
1898
1899# ZONE-DESCR Europe Madrid Spain All points except:
1900# ZONE-DESCR Atlantic Canary Spain Canary Islands
1901
1902# Sweden
1903# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1904Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1878 May 31
1905 1:12 - SMT 1900 Jan 1 1:00 # Stockholm MT
1906 1:00 - MET 1916 Apr 14 23:00s
1907 1:00 1:00 "MET DST" 1916 Sep 30 23:00s
| 1955
1956# ZONE-DESCR Europe Madrid Spain All points except:
1957# ZONE-DESCR Atlantic Canary Spain Canary Islands
1958
1959# Sweden
1960# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1961Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1878 May 31
1962 1:12 - SMT 1900 Jan 1 1:00 # Stockholm MT
1963 1:00 - MET 1916 Apr 14 23:00s
1964 1:00 1:00 "MET DST" 1916 Sep 30 23:00s
|
1908 1:00 - MET 1980 Apr 6 2:00
1909 1:00 M-Eur MET%s
| 1965 1:00 - MET 1980
1966 1:00 EC MET%s
|
1910
1911# ZONE-DESCR Europe Stockholm Sweden All points
1912
1913# Switzerland
1914# From Howse (1988), p 82:
1915# By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace
1916# and their performance improved enormously. Communities began to keep
1917# mean time in preference to apparent time -- Geneva from 1780 ....
1918# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1919Rule Swiss 1894 only - Jun 1 0:00 0 -
1920# From Whitman (who writes ``Midnight?''):
1921Rule Swiss 1940 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 " DST"
| 1967
1968# ZONE-DESCR Europe Stockholm Sweden All points
1969
1970# Switzerland
1971# From Howse (1988), p 82:
1972# By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace
1973# and their performance improved enormously. Communities began to keep
1974# mean time in preference to apparent time -- Geneva from 1780 ....
1975# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1976Rule Swiss 1894 only - Jun 1 0:00 0 -
1977# From Whitman (who writes ``Midnight?''):
1978Rule Swiss 1940 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 " DST"
|
1922Rule Swiss 1940 only - Dec 31 0:00 0 " DST"
| 1979Rule Swiss 1940 only - Dec 31 0:00 0 -
|
1923# From Shanks (1991):
1924Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 " DST"
| 1980# From Shanks (1991):
1981Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 " DST"
|
1925Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 " DST"
| 1982Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
|
1926# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1927Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1848 Sep 12
1928 0:30 - SST 1894 Jun # Swiss Standard Time
| 1983# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1984Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1848 Sep 12
1985 0:30 - SST 1894 Jun # Swiss Standard Time
|
1929 1:00 Swiss MET%s 1981 Mar 29 2:00
1930 1:00 M-Eur MET%s
| 1986 1:00 Swiss MET%s 1981
1987 1:00 EC MET%s
|
1931
1932# ZONE-DESCR Europe Zurich Switzerland All points
1933
1934# Turkey
1935# European Turkey switched to the Gregorian calendar in 1908.
1936# Asian Turkey switched in 1914.
1937# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1938Rule Turkey 1910 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1939Rule Turkey 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
1940Rule Turkey 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1941Rule Turkey 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 " DST"
1942Rule Turkey 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 -
1943Rule Turkey 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 " DST"
1944Rule Turkey 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
1945Rule Turkey 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 " DST"
1946Rule Turkey 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
1947# Whitman gives 1923 Apr 28 - Sep 16 and no DST in 1924-1925; go with Shanks.
1948Rule Turkey 1924 only - May 13 0:00 1:00 " DST"
1949Rule Turkey 1924 1925 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1950Rule Turkey 1925 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
1951# Shanks omits the first two transitions in 1940; go with Whitman.
1952Rule Turkey 1940 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 " DST"
1953Rule Turkey 1940 only - Oct 5 0:00 0 -
1954Rule Turkey 1940 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
1955Rule Turkey 1941 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
1956Rule Turkey 1942 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
1957# Whitman omits the next two transition and gives 1945 Oct 1; go with Shanks.
1958Rule Turkey 1942 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
1959Rule Turkey 1945 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 " DST"
1960Rule Turkey 1945 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
1961Rule Turkey 1946 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
1962Rule Turkey 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1963Rule Turkey 1947 1948 - Apr Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 " DST"
1964Rule Turkey 1947 1950 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 -
1965Rule Turkey 1949 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 " DST"
1966Rule Turkey 1950 only - Apr 19 0:00 1:00 " DST"
1967Rule Turkey 1951 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 " DST"
1968Rule Turkey 1951 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
1969Rule Turkey 1962 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 " DST"
1970Rule Turkey 1962 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
1971Rule Turkey 1964 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 " DST"
1972Rule Turkey 1964 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1973Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - May Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 " DST"
1974Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 -
1975Rule Turkey 1973 only - Jun 3 1:00 1:00 " DST"
1976Rule Turkey 1973 only - Nov 4 3:00 0 -
1977Rule Turkey 1974 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 " DST"
1978Rule Turkey 1974 only - Nov 3 5:00 0 -
1979Rule Turkey 1975 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 " DST"
1980Rule Turkey 1975 1976 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
1981Rule Turkey 1976 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
1982Rule Turkey 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
1983Rule Turkey 1977 only - Oct 16 0:00 0 -
1984Rule Turkey 1979 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 3:00 1:00 " DST"
1985Rule Turkey 1979 1982 - Oct Mon>=11 0:00 0 -
1986Rule Turkey 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 3:00 1:00 " DST"
1987Rule Turkey 1983 only - Jul 31 0:00 1:00 " DST"
1988Rule Turkey 1983 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
1989Rule Turkey 1985 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 " DST"
1990Rule Turkey 1985 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
1991# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1992Zone Europe/Istanbul 1:55:52 - LMT 1880
1993 1:57 - OMT 1910 Oct # Ottoman Mean Time
1994 2:00 Turkey EET%s 1978 Oct 15
1995 3:00 Turkey TUR%s 1985 Apr 20
1996 2:00 Turkey EET%s 1986
1997 2:00 M-Eur EET%s
| 1988
1989# ZONE-DESCR Europe Zurich Switzerland All points
1990
1991# Turkey
1992# European Turkey switched to the Gregorian calendar in 1908.
1993# Asian Turkey switched in 1914.
1994# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1995Rule Turkey 1910 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1996Rule Turkey 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
1997Rule Turkey 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1998Rule Turkey 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 " DST"
1999Rule Turkey 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 -
2000Rule Turkey 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 " DST"
2001Rule Turkey 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
2002Rule Turkey 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 " DST"
2003Rule Turkey 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
2004# Whitman gives 1923 Apr 28 - Sep 16 and no DST in 1924-1925; go with Shanks.
2005Rule Turkey 1924 only - May 13 0:00 1:00 " DST"
2006Rule Turkey 1924 1925 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2007Rule Turkey 1925 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
2008# Shanks omits the first two transitions in 1940; go with Whitman.
2009Rule Turkey 1940 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 " DST"
2010Rule Turkey 1940 only - Oct 5 0:00 0 -
2011Rule Turkey 1940 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
2012Rule Turkey 1941 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
2013Rule Turkey 1942 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
2014# Whitman omits the next two transition and gives 1945 Oct 1; go with Shanks.
2015Rule Turkey 1942 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
2016Rule Turkey 1945 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 " DST"
2017Rule Turkey 1945 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
2018Rule Turkey 1946 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
2019Rule Turkey 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2020Rule Turkey 1947 1948 - Apr Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 " DST"
2021Rule Turkey 1947 1950 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 -
2022Rule Turkey 1949 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 " DST"
2023Rule Turkey 1950 only - Apr 19 0:00 1:00 " DST"
2024Rule Turkey 1951 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 " DST"
2025Rule Turkey 1951 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
2026Rule Turkey 1962 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 " DST"
2027Rule Turkey 1962 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
2028Rule Turkey 1964 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 " DST"
2029Rule Turkey 1964 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2030Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - May Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 " DST"
2031Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 -
2032Rule Turkey 1973 only - Jun 3 1:00 1:00 " DST"
2033Rule Turkey 1973 only - Nov 4 3:00 0 -
2034Rule Turkey 1974 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 " DST"
2035Rule Turkey 1974 only - Nov 3 5:00 0 -
2036Rule Turkey 1975 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 " DST"
2037Rule Turkey 1975 1976 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
2038Rule Turkey 1976 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
2039Rule Turkey 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
2040Rule Turkey 1977 only - Oct 16 0:00 0 -
2041Rule Turkey 1979 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 3:00 1:00 " DST"
2042Rule Turkey 1979 1982 - Oct Mon>=11 0:00 0 -
2043Rule Turkey 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 3:00 1:00 " DST"
2044Rule Turkey 1983 only - Jul 31 0:00 1:00 " DST"
2045Rule Turkey 1983 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
2046Rule Turkey 1985 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 " DST"
2047Rule Turkey 1985 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
2048# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2049Zone Europe/Istanbul 1:55:52 - LMT 1880
2050 1:57 - OMT 1910 Oct # Ottoman Mean Time
2051 2:00 Turkey EET%s 1978 Oct 15
2052 3:00 Turkey TUR%s 1985 Apr 20
2053 2:00 Turkey EET%s 1986
2054 2:00 M-Eur EET%s
|
| 2055# This may change to `EC' soon.
|
1998Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents.
1999
2000# ZONE-DESCR Europe Istanbul Turkey All points
2001
2002# Ukraine
2003# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2004Rule Ukraine 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 " DST"
2005Rule Ukraine 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 -
2006Rule Ukraine 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 " DST"
2007Rule Ukraine 1921 only - Mar 21 23:00 2:00 " DDST"
2008Rule Ukraine 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
2009Rule Ukraine 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2010# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2011Zone Europe/Kiev 2:02:04 - LMT 1880
2012 2:02 Russia LST%s 1919 Jul 1 2:00
2013 2:02 Ukraine LST%s 1924 May 2
2014 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
2015 3:00 Russia MS%s 1990 Jul 17
2016 2:00 M-Eur EET%s
| 2056Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents.
2057
2058# ZONE-DESCR Europe Istanbul Turkey All points
2059
2060# Ukraine
2061# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2062Rule Ukraine 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 " DST"
2063Rule Ukraine 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 -
2064Rule Ukraine 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 " DST"
2065Rule Ukraine 1921 only - Mar 21 23:00 2:00 " DDST"
2066Rule Ukraine 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 " DST"
2067Rule Ukraine 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2068# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2069Zone Europe/Kiev 2:02:04 - LMT 1880
2070 2:02 Russia LST%s 1919 Jul 1 2:00
2071 2:02 Ukraine LST%s 1924 May 2
2072 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
2073 3:00 Russia MS%s 1990 Jul 17
2074 2:00 M-Eur EET%s
|
| 2075# This may change to `EC' soon.
|
2017Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880
2018 2:08 Russia LST%s 1919 Jul 1 2:00
2019 2:08 Ukraine LST%s 1924 May 2
2020 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
2021 3:00 Russia MS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2022 2:00 1:00 "EET DST" 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
2023# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (May 28, 1994):
2024# Today's _Economist_ (p 45) reports that Crimea switched
2025# from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January elections.
2026# For now, we'll guess that there was a 2-hour leap forward on March 27.
2027 2:00 M-Eur EET%s 1994 Mar 27 2:00s
2028 3:00 Russia MS%s
2029
2030# ZONE-DESCR Europe Kiev Ukraine All points except:
2031# ZONE-DESCR Europe Simferopol Ukraine Crimea
2032
2033###############################################################################
2034
2035# One source shows that Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, and Greece observe DST from
2036# the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in September in 1986.
2037# The source shows Romania changing a day later than everybody else.
2038#
2039# According to Bernard Sieloff's source, Poland is in the MET time zone but
2040# uses the WE DST rules. The Western USSR uses EET+1 and ME DST rules.
2041# Bernard Sieloff's source claims Romania switches on the same day, but at
2042# 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST). It also claims that Turkey
2043# switches on the same day, but switches on at 01:00 standard time
2044# and off at 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST)
2045
2046# ...
2047# Date: Wed, 28 Jan 87 16:56:27 -0100
2048# From: seismo!mcvax!cgcha!wtho (Tom Hofmann)
2049# Message-Id: <8701281556.AA22174@cgcha.uucp>
2050# ...
2051#
2052# ...the European time rules are...standardized since 1981, when
2053# most European coun[tr]ies started DST. Before that year, only
2054# a few countries (UK, France, Italy) had DST, each according
2055# to own national rules. In 1981, however, DST started on
2056# 'Apr firstSun', and not on 'Mar lastSun' as in the following
2057# years...
2058# But also since 1981 there are some more national exceptions
2059# than listed in 'europe': Switzerland, for example, joined DST
2060# one year later, Denmark ended DST on 'Oct 1' instead of 'Sep
2061# lastSun' in 1981---I don't know how they handle now.
2062#
2063# Finally, DST ist always from 'Apr 1' to 'Oct 1' in the
2064# Soviet Union (as far as I know).
2065#
2066# Tom Hofmann, Scientific Computer Center, CIBA-GEIGY AG,
2067# 4002 Basle, Switzerland
2068# UUCP: ...!mcvax!cernvax!cgcha!wtho
2069
2070# ...
2071# Date: Wed, 4 Feb 87 22:35:22 +0100
2072# From: seismo!mcvax!cwi.nl!dik (Dik T. Winter)
2073# ...
2074#
2075# The information from Tom Hofmann is (as far as I know) not entirely correct.
2076# After a request from chongo at amdahl I tried to retrieve all information
2077# about DST in Europe. I was able to find all from about 1969.
2078#
2079# ...standardization on DST in Europe started in about 1977 with switches on
2080# first Sunday in April and last Sunday in September...
2081# In 1981 UK joined Europe insofar that
2082# the starting day for both shifted to last Sunday in March. And from 1982
2083# the whole of Europe used DST, with switch dates April 1 and October 1 in
2084# the Sov[i]et Union. In 1985 the SU reverted to standard Europe[a]n switch
2085# dates...
2086#
2087# It should also be remembered that time-zones are not constants; e.g.
2088# Portugal switched in 1976 from MET (or CET) to WET with DST...
2089# Note also that though there were rules for switch dates not
2090# all countries abided to these dates, and many individual deviations
2091# occurred, though not since 1982 I believe. Another note: it is always
2092# assumed that DST is 1 hour ahead of normal time, this need not be the
2093# case; at least in the Netherlands there have been times when DST was 2 hours
2094# in advance of normal time.
2095#
2096# ...
2097# dik t. winter, cwi, amsterdam, nederland
2098# INTERNET : dik@cwi.nl
2099# BITNET/EARN: dik@mcvax
2100
2101# From Bob Devine (January 28, 1988):
2102# ...
2103# Greece: Last Sunday in April to last Sunday in September (iffy on dates).
2104# Since 1978. Change at midnight.
2105# ...
2106# Monaco: has same DST as France.
2107# ...
2108
2109# ...
2110# Date: Fri, 3 Sep 93 13:43:41 BST
2111# From: Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk>
2112# ...
2113# Turning to Europe, I now have a copy of the `Sixth Council Directive 92/20/EEC
2114# of 26 March 1992 on summertime arrangements'. This only covers 1993 and
2115# 1994, a seventh one is in the works but I doubt that the algorithm will
2116# change. This says summertime starts at 01:00 GMT on the last Sunday in March
2117# and ends at 01:00 GMT on the last Sunday in September, except for the UK
2118# and Eire where it ends at 01:00 GMT on the fourth Sunday in October.
2119# It says the arrangements for 1995 onwards will be decided by 1 January 1994,
2120# but as the sixth directive was supposed to appear by 1 Jan 92 and didn't
2121# arrive til March I wouldn't hold your breath.
2122#
2123# The first summertime directive was adopted in 1980, although the UK didn't
2124# seem to use it until 1981. I suspect it would be safe to move your start
2125# dates for the -Eur rules back to 1981.
| 2076Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880
2077 2:08 Russia LST%s 1919 Jul 1 2:00
2078 2:08 Ukraine LST%s 1924 May 2
2079 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
2080 3:00 Russia MS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2081 2:00 1:00 "EET DST" 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
2082# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (May 28, 1994):
2083# Today's _Economist_ (p 45) reports that Crimea switched
2084# from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January elections.
2085# For now, we'll guess that there was a 2-hour leap forward on March 27.
2086 2:00 M-Eur EET%s 1994 Mar 27 2:00s
2087 3:00 Russia MS%s
2088
2089# ZONE-DESCR Europe Kiev Ukraine All points except:
2090# ZONE-DESCR Europe Simferopol Ukraine Crimea
2091
2092###############################################################################
2093
2094# One source shows that Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, and Greece observe DST from
2095# the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in September in 1986.
2096# The source shows Romania changing a day later than everybody else.
2097#
2098# According to Bernard Sieloff's source, Poland is in the MET time zone but
2099# uses the WE DST rules. The Western USSR uses EET+1 and ME DST rules.
2100# Bernard Sieloff's source claims Romania switches on the same day, but at
2101# 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST). It also claims that Turkey
2102# switches on the same day, but switches on at 01:00 standard time
2103# and off at 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST)
2104
2105# ...
2106# Date: Wed, 28 Jan 87 16:56:27 -0100
2107# From: seismo!mcvax!cgcha!wtho (Tom Hofmann)
2108# Message-Id: <8701281556.AA22174@cgcha.uucp>
2109# ...
2110#
2111# ...the European time rules are...standardized since 1981, when
2112# most European coun[tr]ies started DST. Before that year, only
2113# a few countries (UK, France, Italy) had DST, each according
2114# to own national rules. In 1981, however, DST started on
2115# 'Apr firstSun', and not on 'Mar lastSun' as in the following
2116# years...
2117# But also since 1981 there are some more national exceptions
2118# than listed in 'europe': Switzerland, for example, joined DST
2119# one year later, Denmark ended DST on 'Oct 1' instead of 'Sep
2120# lastSun' in 1981---I don't know how they handle now.
2121#
2122# Finally, DST ist always from 'Apr 1' to 'Oct 1' in the
2123# Soviet Union (as far as I know).
2124#
2125# Tom Hofmann, Scientific Computer Center, CIBA-GEIGY AG,
2126# 4002 Basle, Switzerland
2127# UUCP: ...!mcvax!cernvax!cgcha!wtho
2128
2129# ...
2130# Date: Wed, 4 Feb 87 22:35:22 +0100
2131# From: seismo!mcvax!cwi.nl!dik (Dik T. Winter)
2132# ...
2133#
2134# The information from Tom Hofmann is (as far as I know) not entirely correct.
2135# After a request from chongo at amdahl I tried to retrieve all information
2136# about DST in Europe. I was able to find all from about 1969.
2137#
2138# ...standardization on DST in Europe started in about 1977 with switches on
2139# first Sunday in April and last Sunday in September...
2140# In 1981 UK joined Europe insofar that
2141# the starting day for both shifted to last Sunday in March. And from 1982
2142# the whole of Europe used DST, with switch dates April 1 and October 1 in
2143# the Sov[i]et Union. In 1985 the SU reverted to standard Europe[a]n switch
2144# dates...
2145#
2146# It should also be remembered that time-zones are not constants; e.g.
2147# Portugal switched in 1976 from MET (or CET) to WET with DST...
2148# Note also that though there were rules for switch dates not
2149# all countries abided to these dates, and many individual deviations
2150# occurred, though not since 1982 I believe. Another note: it is always
2151# assumed that DST is 1 hour ahead of normal time, this need not be the
2152# case; at least in the Netherlands there have been times when DST was 2 hours
2153# in advance of normal time.
2154#
2155# ...
2156# dik t. winter, cwi, amsterdam, nederland
2157# INTERNET : dik@cwi.nl
2158# BITNET/EARN: dik@mcvax
2159
2160# From Bob Devine (January 28, 1988):
2161# ...
2162# Greece: Last Sunday in April to last Sunday in September (iffy on dates).
2163# Since 1978. Change at midnight.
2164# ...
2165# Monaco: has same DST as France.
2166# ...
2167
2168# ...
2169# Date: Fri, 3 Sep 93 13:43:41 BST
2170# From: Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk>
2171# ...
2172# Turning to Europe, I now have a copy of the `Sixth Council Directive 92/20/EEC
2173# of 26 March 1992 on summertime arrangements'. This only covers 1993 and
2174# 1994, a seventh one is in the works but I doubt that the algorithm will
2175# change. This says summertime starts at 01:00 GMT on the last Sunday in March
2176# and ends at 01:00 GMT on the last Sunday in September, except for the UK
2177# and Eire where it ends at 01:00 GMT on the fourth Sunday in October.
2178# It says the arrangements for 1995 onwards will be decided by 1 January 1994,
2179# but as the sixth directive was supposed to appear by 1 Jan 92 and didn't
2180# arrive til March I wouldn't hold your breath.
2181#
2182# The first summertime directive was adopted in 1980, although the UK didn't
2183# seem to use it until 1981. I suspect it would be safe to move your start
2184# dates for the -Eur rules back to 1981.
|