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4# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 5# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 6# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). 7 8# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-10-29): 9# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 10# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition), 11# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999). 12# 13# Gwillim Law <Gwil_Law@bridge-point.com> writes that a good source 14# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 15# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 16# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 17# of the IATA's data after 1990. 18# 19# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1991, 20# and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 21# 22# Other sources occasionally used include: 23# 24# Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 25# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), 26# which I found in the UCLA library. 27# 28# Brazil's Departamento Servico da Hora (DSH), 29# <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HISTHV.htm"> 30# History of Summer Time 31# </a> (1998-09-21, in Portuguese) 32 33# 34# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; 35# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 36# Corrections are welcome! 37# std dst 38# LMT Local Mean Time 39# -4:00 AST Atlantic 40# -3:00 WGT WGST Western Greenland* 41# -1:00 EGT EGST Eastern Greenland* 42# 0:00 GMT BST Greenwich, British Summer 43# 0:00 GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer 44# 0:00 WET WEST Western Europe 45# 1:00 CET CEST Central Europe 46# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe 47# 3:00 MSK MSD Moscow 48# 49# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones, especially in Britain, 50# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 51 52# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-12-04), 53# The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy, 54# Luxembourg, the Netherlands. 55# Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom. 56# Plus, from 1 Jan 81: Greece. 57# Plus, from 1 Jan 86: Spain, Portugal. 58# Plus, from 1 Jan 95: Austria, Finland, Sweden. (Norway negotiated terms for 59# entry but in a referendum on 28 Nov 94 the people voted No by 52.2% to 47.8% 60# on a turnout of 88.6%. This was almost the same result as Norway's previous 61# referendum in 1972, they are the only country to have said No twice. 62# Referendums in the other three countries voted Yes.) 63# ... 64# Estonia ... uses EU dates but not at 01:00 GMT, they use midnight GMT. 65# I don't think they know yet what they will do from 1996 onwards. 66# ... 67# There shouldn't be any [current members who are not using EU rules]. 68# A Directive has the force of law, member states are obliged to enact 69# national law to implement it. The only contentious issue was the 70# different end date for the UK and Ireland, and this was always allowed 71# in the Directive. 72 73 74############################################################################### 75 76# Britain (United Kingdom) and Ireland (Eire) 77 78# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-07-06): 79# 80# On 17 Jan 1994 the Independent, a UK quality newspaper, had a piece about 81# historical vistas along the Thames in west London. There was a photo 82# and a sketch map showing some of the sightlines involved. One paragraph 83# of the text said: 84# 85# `An old stone obelisk marking a forgotten terrestrial meridian stands 86# beside the river at Kew. In the 18th century, before time and longitude 87# was standardised by the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, scholars observed 88# this stone and the movement of stars from Kew Observatory nearby. They 89# made their calculations and set the time for the Horse Guards and Parliament, 90# but now the stone is obscured by scrubwood and can only be seen by walking 91# along the towpath within a few yards of it.' 92# 93# I have a one inch to one mile map of London and my estimate of the stone's 94# position is 51 deg. 28' 30" N, 0 deg. 18' 45" W. The longitude should 95# be within about +-2". The Ordnance Survey grid reference is TQ172761. 96# 97# [This yields GMTOFF = -0:01:15 for London LMT in the 18th century.] 98 99# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1993-11-18): 100# 101# Howse writes that Britain was the first country to use standard time. 102# The railways cared most about the inconsistencies of local mean time, 103# and it was they who forced a uniform time on the country. 104# The original idea was credited to Dr. William Hyde Wollaston (1766-1828) 105# and was popularized by Abraham Follett Osler (1808-1903). 106# The first railway to adopt London time was the Great Western Railway 107# in November 1840; other railways followed suit, and by 1847 most 108# (though not all) railways used London time. On 1847-09-22 the 109# Railway Clearing House, an industry standards body, recommended that GMT be 110# adopted at all stations as soon as the General Post Office permitted it. 111# The transition occurred on 12-01 for the L&NW, the Caledonian, 112# and presumably other railways; the January 1848 Bradshaw's lists many 113# railways as using GMT. By 1855 the vast majority of public 114# clocks in Britain were set to GMT (though some, like the great clock 115# on Tom Tower at Christ Church, Oxford, were fitted with two minute hands, 116# one for local time and one for GMT). The last major holdout was the legal 117# system, which stubbornly stuck to local time for many years, leading 118# to oddities like polls opening at 08:13 and closing at 16:13. 119# The legal system finally switched to GMT when the Statutes (Definition 120# of Time) Act took effect; it received the Royal Assent on 1880-08-02. 121# 122# In the tables below, we condense this complicated story into a single 123# transition date for London, namely 1847-12-01. We don't know as much 124# about Dublin, so we use 1880-08-02, the legal transition time. 125 126# From Paul Eggert (1999-01-30): 127# Summer Time was first seriously proposed by William Willett (1857-1915), 128# a London builder and member of the Royal Astronomical Society 129# who circulated a pamphlet ``The Waste of Daylight'' (1907) 130# that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April, 131# and retarding them by the same amount on four Sundays in September. 132# A bill was drafted in 1909 and introduced in Parliament several times, 133# but it met with ridicule and opposition, especially from farming interests. 134# One-hour Summer Time was eventually adopted as a wartime measure in 1916.
| 5# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 6# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 7# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). 8 9# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-10-29): 10# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 11# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition), 12# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999). 13# 14# Gwillim Law <Gwil_Law@bridge-point.com> writes that a good source 15# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 16# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 17# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 18# of the IATA's data after 1990. 19# 20# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1991, 21# and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 22# 23# Other sources occasionally used include: 24# 25# Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 26# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), 27# which I found in the UCLA library. 28# 29# Brazil's Departamento Servico da Hora (DSH), 30# <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HISTHV.htm"> 31# History of Summer Time 32# </a> (1998-09-21, in Portuguese) 33 34# 35# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; 36# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 37# Corrections are welcome! 38# std dst 39# LMT Local Mean Time 40# -4:00 AST Atlantic 41# -3:00 WGT WGST Western Greenland* 42# -1:00 EGT EGST Eastern Greenland* 43# 0:00 GMT BST Greenwich, British Summer 44# 0:00 GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer 45# 0:00 WET WEST Western Europe 46# 1:00 CET CEST Central Europe 47# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe 48# 3:00 MSK MSD Moscow 49# 50# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones, especially in Britain, 51# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 52 53# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-12-04), 54# The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy, 55# Luxembourg, the Netherlands. 56# Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom. 57# Plus, from 1 Jan 81: Greece. 58# Plus, from 1 Jan 86: Spain, Portugal. 59# Plus, from 1 Jan 95: Austria, Finland, Sweden. (Norway negotiated terms for 60# entry but in a referendum on 28 Nov 94 the people voted No by 52.2% to 47.8% 61# on a turnout of 88.6%. This was almost the same result as Norway's previous 62# referendum in 1972, they are the only country to have said No twice. 63# Referendums in the other three countries voted Yes.) 64# ... 65# Estonia ... uses EU dates but not at 01:00 GMT, they use midnight GMT. 66# I don't think they know yet what they will do from 1996 onwards. 67# ... 68# There shouldn't be any [current members who are not using EU rules]. 69# A Directive has the force of law, member states are obliged to enact 70# national law to implement it. The only contentious issue was the 71# different end date for the UK and Ireland, and this was always allowed 72# in the Directive. 73 74 75############################################################################### 76 77# Britain (United Kingdom) and Ireland (Eire) 78 79# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-07-06): 80# 81# On 17 Jan 1994 the Independent, a UK quality newspaper, had a piece about 82# historical vistas along the Thames in west London. There was a photo 83# and a sketch map showing some of the sightlines involved. One paragraph 84# of the text said: 85# 86# `An old stone obelisk marking a forgotten terrestrial meridian stands 87# beside the river at Kew. In the 18th century, before time and longitude 88# was standardised by the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, scholars observed 89# this stone and the movement of stars from Kew Observatory nearby. They 90# made their calculations and set the time for the Horse Guards and Parliament, 91# but now the stone is obscured by scrubwood and can only be seen by walking 92# along the towpath within a few yards of it.' 93# 94# I have a one inch to one mile map of London and my estimate of the stone's 95# position is 51 deg. 28' 30" N, 0 deg. 18' 45" W. The longitude should 96# be within about +-2". The Ordnance Survey grid reference is TQ172761. 97# 98# [This yields GMTOFF = -0:01:15 for London LMT in the 18th century.] 99 100# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1993-11-18): 101# 102# Howse writes that Britain was the first country to use standard time. 103# The railways cared most about the inconsistencies of local mean time, 104# and it was they who forced a uniform time on the country. 105# The original idea was credited to Dr. William Hyde Wollaston (1766-1828) 106# and was popularized by Abraham Follett Osler (1808-1903). 107# The first railway to adopt London time was the Great Western Railway 108# in November 1840; other railways followed suit, and by 1847 most 109# (though not all) railways used London time. On 1847-09-22 the 110# Railway Clearing House, an industry standards body, recommended that GMT be 111# adopted at all stations as soon as the General Post Office permitted it. 112# The transition occurred on 12-01 for the L&NW, the Caledonian, 113# and presumably other railways; the January 1848 Bradshaw's lists many 114# railways as using GMT. By 1855 the vast majority of public 115# clocks in Britain were set to GMT (though some, like the great clock 116# on Tom Tower at Christ Church, Oxford, were fitted with two minute hands, 117# one for local time and one for GMT). The last major holdout was the legal 118# system, which stubbornly stuck to local time for many years, leading 119# to oddities like polls opening at 08:13 and closing at 16:13. 120# The legal system finally switched to GMT when the Statutes (Definition 121# of Time) Act took effect; it received the Royal Assent on 1880-08-02. 122# 123# In the tables below, we condense this complicated story into a single 124# transition date for London, namely 1847-12-01. We don't know as much 125# about Dublin, so we use 1880-08-02, the legal transition time. 126 127# From Paul Eggert (1999-01-30): 128# Summer Time was first seriously proposed by William Willett (1857-1915), 129# a London builder and member of the Royal Astronomical Society 130# who circulated a pamphlet ``The Waste of Daylight'' (1907) 131# that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April, 132# and retarding them by the same amount on four Sundays in September. 133# A bill was drafted in 1909 and introduced in Parliament several times, 134# but it met with ridicule and opposition, especially from farming interests. 135# One-hour Summer Time was eventually adopted as a wartime measure in 1916.
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| 136# See: 137# <a href="http://www.the-times.co.uk/news/pages/tim/2000/05/18/x-timcrtcrt01011.html"> 138# Summer Time Arrives Early, The Times (2000-05-18) 139# </a>
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135 136# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): 137# The OED Supplement says that the English originally said ``Daylight Saving'' 138# when they were debating the adoption of DST in 1908; but by 1916 this 139# term appears only in quotes taken from DST's opponents, whereas the 140# proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using ``Summer''. 141 142# From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-19): 143# 144# A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's 145# known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom. 146 147# Date: 4 Jan 89 08:57:25 GMT (Wed) 148# From: Jonathan Leffler <nih-csl!uunet!mcvax!sphinx.co.uk!john> 149# [British Summer Time] is fixed annually by Act of Parliament. 150# If you can predict what Parliament will do, you should be in 151# politics making a fortune, not computing. 152 153# From Chris Carrier <72157.3334@CompuServe.COM> (1996-06-14): 154# I remember reading in various wartime issues of the London Times the 155# acronym BDST for British Double Summer Time. Look for the published 156# time of sunrise and sunset in The Times, when BDST was in effect, and 157# if you find a zone reference it will say, "All times B.D.S.T." 158 159# From Joseph S. Myers (1999-09-02): 160# ... some military cables (WO 219/4100 - this is a copy from the 161# main SHAEF archives held in the US National Archives, SHAEF/5252/8/516) 162# agree that the usage is BDST (this appears in a message dated 17 Feb 1945). 163 164# Howse writes (p 157) `DBST'; let's assume this is a typo. 165 166# Peter Ilieve <peter@aldie.co.uk> (1998-04-19) described at length 167# the history of summer time legislation in the United Kingdom. 168# Since 1998 Joseph S. Myers <jsm28@cam.ac.uk> has been updating 169# and extending this list, which can be found in 170# <a href="http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/"> 171# History of legal time in Britain 172# </a> (2000-02-12). 173 174# From Joseph S. Myers <jsm28@cam.ac.uk> (1998-01-06): 175# 176# The legal time in the UK outside of summer time is definitely GMT, not UTC; 177# see Lord Tanlaw's speech 178# <a href="http://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/ld199697/ldhansrd/pdvn/lds97/text/70611-20.htm#70611-20_head0"> 179# (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976) 180# </a>. 181 182# From Paul Eggert (2000-02-17): 183# 184# For lack of other data, we'll follow Shanks for Eire in 1940-1948. 185# 186# Given Ilieve and Myers's data, the following claims by Shanks are incorrect: 187# * Wales did not switch from GMT to daylight saving time until 188# 1921 Apr 3, when they began to conform with the rest of Great Britain. 189# Actually, Wales was identical after 1880. 190# * Eire had two transitions on 1916 Oct 1. 191# It actually just had one transition. 192# * Northern Ireland used single daylight saving time throughout WW II. 193# Actually, it conformed to Britain. 194# * GB-Eire changed standard time to 1 hour ahead of GMT on 1968-02-18. 195# Actually, that date saw the usual switch to summer time. 196# Standard time was not changed until 1968-10-27 (the clocks didn't change). 197# 198# Here is another incorrect claim by Shanks: 199# * Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man did not switch from GMT 200# to daylight saving time until 1921 Apr 3, when they began to 201# conform with Great Britain. 202# S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382 and HO 45/10811/312364 (quoted above) say otherwise. 203# 204# The following claim by Shanks is possible though doubtful; 205# we'll ignore it for now. 206# * Dublin's 1971-10-31 switch was at 02:00, even though London's was 03:00. 207# 208# 209# Whitman says Dublin Mean Time was -0:25:21, which is more precise than Shanks. 210 211# From Paul Eggert (1999-03-28): 212# Clive Feather (<news:859845706.26043.0@office.demon.net>, 1997-03-31) 213# reports that Folkestone (Cheriton) Shuttle Terminal uses Concession Time 214# (CT), equivalent to French civil time. 215# Julian Hill (<news:36118128.5A14@virgin.net>, 1998-09-30) reports that 216# trains between Dollands Moor (the freight facility next door) 217# and Frethun run in CT. 218# My admittedly uninformed guess is that the terminal has two authorities, 219# the French concession operators and the British civil authorities, 220# and that the time depends on who you're talking to. 221# If, say, the British police were called to the station for some reason, 222# I would expect the official police report to use GMT/BST and not CET/CEST. 223# This is a borderline case, but for now let's stick to GMT/BST. 224 225# From an anonymous contributor (1996-06-02): 226# The law governing time in Ireland is under Statutory Instrument SI 395/94, 227# which gives force to European Union 7th Council Directive # 94/21/EC. 228# Under this directive, the Minister for Justice in Ireland makes appropriate 229# regulations. I spoke this morning with the Secretary of the Department of 230# Justice (tel +353 1 678 9711) who confirmed to me that the correct name is 231# "Irish Summer Time", abbreviated to "IST". 232 233# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 234# Summer Time Act, 1916 235Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - May 21 2:00s 1:00 BST 236Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 GMT 237# S.R.&O. 1917, No. 358 238Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 BST 239Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 GMT 240# S.R.&O. 1918, No. 274 241Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Mar 24 2:00s 1:00 BST 242Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Sep 30 2:00s 0 GMT 243# S.R.&O. 1919, No. 297 244Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 BST 245Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Sep 29 2:00s 0 GMT 246# S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458 247Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Mar 28 2:00s 1:00 BST 248# S.R.&O. 1920, No. 1844 249Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Oct 25 2:00s 0 GMT 250# S.R.&O. 1921, No. 363 251Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST 252Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 GMT 253# S.R.&O. 1922, No. 264 254Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 BST 255Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Oct 8 2:00s 0 GMT 256# The Summer Time Act, 1922 257Rule GB-Eire 1923 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 258Rule GB-Eire 1923 1924 - Sep Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT 259Rule GB-Eire 1924 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 260Rule GB-Eire 1925 1926 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 261# The Summer Time Act, 1925 262Rule GB-Eire 1925 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT 263Rule GB-Eire 1927 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 264Rule GB-Eire 1928 1929 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 265Rule GB-Eire 1930 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 266Rule GB-Eire 1931 1932 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 267Rule GB-Eire 1933 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 268Rule GB-Eire 1934 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 269Rule GB-Eire 1935 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 270Rule GB-Eire 1936 1937 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 271Rule GB-Eire 1938 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 272Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 273# S.R.&O. 1939, No. 1379 274Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Nov Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT 275# S.R.&O. 1940, No. 172 and No. 1883 276Rule GB-Eire 1940 only - Feb Sun>=23 2:00s 1:00 BST 277# S.R.&O. 1941, No. 476 278Rule GB-Eire 1941 only - May Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST 279Rule GB-Eire 1941 1943 - Aug Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST 280# S.R.&O. 1942, No. 506 281Rule GB-Eire 1942 1944 - Apr Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST 282# S.R.&O. 1944, No. 932 283Rule GB-Eire 1944 only - Sep Sun>=16 1:00s 1:00 BST 284# S.R.&O. 1945, No. 312 285Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Apr Mon>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST 286Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Jul Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST 287# S.R.&O. 1945, No. 1208 288Rule GB-Eire 1945 1946 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT 289Rule GB-Eire 1946 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 290# The Summer Time Act, 1947 291Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Mar 16 2:00s 1:00 BST 292Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Apr 13 1:00s 2:00 BDST 293Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Aug 10 1:00s 1:00 BST 294Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 GMT 295# Summer Time Order, 1948 (S.I. 1948/495) 296Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Mar 14 2:00s 1:00 BST 297Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Oct 31 2:00s 0 GMT 298# Summer Time Order, 1949 (S.I. 1949/373) 299Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST 300Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Oct 30 2:00s 0 GMT 301# Summer Time Order, 1950 (S.I. 1950/518) 302# Summer Time Order, 1951 (S.I. 1951/430) 303# Summer Time Order, 1952 (S.I. 1952/451) 304Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Apr Sun>=14 2:00s 1:00 BST 305Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00s 0 GMT 306# revert to the rules of the Summer Time Act, 1925 307Rule GB-Eire 1953 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 308Rule GB-Eire 1953 1960 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT 309Rule GB-Eire 1954 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 310Rule GB-Eire 1955 1956 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 311Rule GB-Eire 1957 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 312Rule GB-Eire 1958 1959 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 313Rule GB-Eire 1960 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 314# Summer Time Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/71) 315# Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/2465) 316# Summer Time Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/81) 317Rule GB-Eire 1961 1963 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 BST 318Rule GB-Eire 1961 1968 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT 319# Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/2101) 320# Summer Time Order, 1964 (S.I. 1964/1201) 321# Summer Time Order, 1967 (S.I. 1967/1148) 322Rule GB-Eire 1964 1967 - Mar Sun>=19 2:00s 1:00 BST 323# Summer Time Order, 1968 (S.I. 1968/117) 324Rule GB-Eire 1968 only - Feb 18 2:00s 1:00 BST 325# The British Standard Time Act, 1968 326# (no summer time) 327# The Summer Time Act, 1972 328Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 329Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT 330# Summer Time Order, 1980 (S.I. 1980/1089) 331# Summer Time Order, 1982 (S.I. 1982/1673) 332# Summer Time Order, 1986 (S.I. 1986/223) 333# Summer Time Order, 1988 (S.I. 1988/931) 334Rule GB-Eire 1981 1995 - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 BST 335Rule GB-Eire 1981 1989 - Oct Sun>=23 1:00u 0 GMT 336# Summer Time Order, 1989 (S.I. 1989/985) 337# Summer Time Order, 1992 (S.I. 1992/1729) 338# Summer Time Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2798) 339Rule GB-Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u 0 GMT 340# Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982) 341# See EU for rules starting in 1996. 342 343# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 344Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Dec 1 345 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27 346 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 347 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996 348 0:00 EU GMT/BST 349Zone Europe/Belfast -0:23:40 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 350 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 # Dublin MT 351 -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s # Irish Summer Time 352 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27 353 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 354 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996 355 0:00 EU GMT/BST 356Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:21 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 357 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 # Dublin MT 358 -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s 359 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1921 Dec 6 # independence 360 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1940 Feb 25 2:00 361 0:00 1:00 IST 1946 Oct 6 2:00 362 0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00 363 0:00 1:00 IST 1947 Nov 2 2:00 364 0:00 - GMT 1948 Apr 18 2:00 365 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1968 Oct 27 366 1:00 - IST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 367 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1996 368 0:00 EU GMT/IST 369 370############################################################################### 371 372# Continental Europe 373 374# EU rules are for the European Union, previously known as the EC, EEC, 375# Common Market, etc. 376 377# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 378Rule EU 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00u 1:00 S 379Rule EU 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - 380Rule EU 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00u 0 - 381Rule EU 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - 382Rule EU 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S 383Rule EU 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 - 384 385# W-Eur differs from EU only in that W-Eur uses standard time. 386Rule W-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S 387Rule W-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 388Rule W-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00s 0 - 389Rule W-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 390Rule W-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 391Rule W-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 - 392 393# Older C-Eur rules are for convenience in the tables. 394# From 1977 on, C-Eur differs from EU only in that C-Eur uses standard time. 395Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S 396Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 397Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S 398Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 - 399Rule C-Eur 1940 only - Apr 1 2:00s 1:00 S 400Rule C-Eur 1942 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 - 401Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00s 1:00 S 402Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00s 0 - 403Rule C-Eur 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S 404# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 7; go with Shanks. 405Rule C-Eur 1944 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 - 406Rule C-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 407Rule C-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 408Rule C-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - 409Rule C-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 410Rule C-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 411Rule C-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 412 413# E-Eur differs from EU only in that E-Eur switches at midnight local time. 414Rule E-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 415Rule E-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 416Rule E-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 417Rule E-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 418Rule E-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 419Rule E-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 420 421# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 422Rule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 MST # Moscow Summer Time 423Rule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 MMT # Moscow Mean Time 424Rule Russia 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 MDST # Moscow Double Summer Time 425Rule Russia 1918 only - Sep 16 1:00 1:00 MST 426Rule Russia 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 MDST 427Rule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 S 428Rule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 - 429Rule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S 430Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 M # Midsummer 431Rule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 S 432Rule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 433# Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1980-10-24): 434Rule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 435Rule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 436# Act No.967 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1984-09-13), repeated in 437# Act No.227 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1989-03-14): 438Rule Russia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 439Rule Russia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 440# 441Rule Russia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S 442Rule Russia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 - 443Rule Russia 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 444Rule Russia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 445Rule Russia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 446 447# These are for backward compatibility with older versions. 448 449# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 450Zone WET 0:00 EU WE%sT 451Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 452Zone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT 453Zone EET 2:00 EU EE%sT 454 455# Previous editions of this database used abbreviations like MET DST 456# for Central European Summer Time, but this didn't agree with common usage. 457 458# From Markus Kuhn <mskuhn@unrza3.dialin.rrze.uni-erlangen.de> (1996-07-12): 459# The official German names ... are 460# 461# Mitteleuropaeische Zeit (MEZ) = UTC+01:00 462# Mitteleuropaeische Sommerzeit (MESZ) = UTC+02:00 463# 464# as defined in the German Time Act (Gesetz ueber die Zeitbestimmung (ZeitG), 465# 1978-07-25, Bundesgesetzblatt, Jahrgang 1978, Teil I, S. 1110-1111).... 466# I wrote ... to the German Federal Physical-Technical Institution 467# 468# Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) 469# Laboratorium 4.41 "Zeiteinheit" 470# Postfach 3345 471# D-38023 Braunschweig 472# phone: +49 531 592-0 473# 474# ... I received today an answer letter from Dr. Peter Hetzel, head of the PTB 475# department for time and frequency transmission. He explained that the 476# PTB translates MEZ and MESZ into English as 477# 478# Central European Time (CET) = UTC+01:00 479# Central European Summer Time (CEST) = UTC+02:00 480 481 482# Albania 483# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 484Rule Albania 1940 only - Jun 16 0:00 1:00 S 485Rule Albania 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 486Rule Albania 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S 487Rule Albania 1943 only - Apr 10 3:00 0 - 488Rule Albania 1974 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 S 489Rule Albania 1974 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 490Rule Albania 1975 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 491Rule Albania 1975 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 492Rule Albania 1976 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S 493Rule Albania 1976 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 494Rule Albania 1977 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S 495Rule Albania 1977 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 496Rule Albania 1978 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S 497Rule Albania 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 498Rule Albania 1979 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 S 499Rule Albania 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 500Rule Albania 1980 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 S 501Rule Albania 1980 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 502Rule Albania 1981 only - Apr 26 0:00 1:00 S 503Rule Albania 1981 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 - 504Rule Albania 1982 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S 505Rule Albania 1982 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 506Rule Albania 1983 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 S 507Rule Albania 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 508Rule Albania 1984 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 509# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 510Zone Europe/Tirane 1:19:20 - LMT 1914 511 1:00 - CET 1940 Jun 16 512 1:00 Albania CE%sT 1984 Jul 513 1:00 EU CE%sT 514 515# Andorra 516# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 517Zone Europe/Andorra 0:06:04 - LMT 1901 518 0:00 - WET 1946 Sep 30 519 1:00 - CET 1985 Mar 31 2:00 520 1:00 EU CE%sT 521 522# Austria 523# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 524Rule Austria 1920 only - Apr 5 2:00s 1:00 S 525Rule Austria 1920 only - Sep 13 2:00s 0 - 526Rule Austria 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 527Rule Austria 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - 528Rule Austria 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S 529Rule Austria 1946 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 530Rule Austria 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S 531Rule Austria 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 532# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 533Zone Europe/Vienna 1:05:20 - LMT 1893 Apr 534 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Jun 16 3:00 535 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1940 Apr 1 2:00 536 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 537 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1981 538 1:00 EU CE%sT 539 540# Belarus 541# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 542Zone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880 543 1:50 - MMT 1924 May 2 # Minsk Mean Time 544 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 545 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 28 546 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul 3 547 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 548 3:00 - MSK 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 549 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 550 2:00 - EET 1992 Mar 29 0:00s 551 2:00 1:00 EEST 1992 Sep 27 0:00s 552 2:00 Russia EE%sT 553 554# Belgium 555# 556# From Paul Eggert (1997-07-02): 557# Entries from 1918 through 1991 are taken from: 558# Annuaire de L'Observatoire Royal de Belgique, 559# Avenue Circulaire, 3, B-1180 BRUXELLES, CLVIIe annee, 1991 560# (Imprimerie HAYEZ, s.p.r.l., Rue Fin, 4, 1080 BRUXELLES, MCMXC), 561# pp 8-9. 562# LMT before 1892 was 0:17:30, according to the official journal of Belgium: 563# Moniteur Belge, Samedi 30 Avril 1892, N.121. 564# Thanks to Pascal Delmoitie <pascal@belnet.be> for these references. 565# The 1918 rules are listed for completeness; they apply to unoccupied Belgium. 566# Assume Brussels switched to WET in 1918 when the armistice took effect. 567# 568# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 569Rule Belgium 1918 only - Mar 9 0:00s 1:00 S 570Rule Belgium 1918 1919 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 571Rule Belgium 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 572Rule Belgium 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 573Rule Belgium 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 574Rule Belgium 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 575Rule Belgium 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 - 576Rule Belgium 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S 577Rule Belgium 1922 1927 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 578Rule Belgium 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00s 1:00 S 579Rule Belgium 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S 580Rule Belgium 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S 581# DSH writes that a royal decree of 1926-02-22 specified the Sun following 3rd 582# Sat in Apr (except if it's Easter, in which case it's one Sunday earlier), 583# to Sun following 1st Sat in Oct, and that a royal decree of 1928-09-15 584# changed the transition times to 02:00 GMT. 585Rule Belgium 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 586Rule Belgium 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 587Rule Belgium 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 588Rule Belgium 1928 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 - 589Rule Belgium 1929 only - Apr 21 2:00s 1:00 S 590Rule Belgium 1930 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 S 591Rule Belgium 1931 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S 592Rule Belgium 1932 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S 593Rule Belgium 1933 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 S 594Rule Belgium 1934 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S 595Rule Belgium 1935 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S 596Rule Belgium 1936 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S 597Rule Belgium 1937 only - Apr 4 2:00s 1:00 S 598Rule Belgium 1938 only - Mar 27 2:00s 1:00 S 599Rule Belgium 1939 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 S 600Rule Belgium 1939 only - Nov 19 2:00s 0 - 601Rule Belgium 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00s 1:00 S 602Rule Belgium 1944 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 - 603Rule Belgium 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 604Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 605Rule Belgium 1946 only - May 19 2:00s 1:00 S 606Rule Belgium 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - 607# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 608Zone Europe/Brussels 0:17:30 - LMT 1880 609 0:17:30 - BMT 1892 May 1 12:00 # Brussels MT 610 0:00 - WET 1914 Nov 8 611 1:00 - CET 1916 May 1 0:00 612 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Nov 11 11:00u 613 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 20 2:00s 614 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 3 615 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977 616 1:00 EU CE%sT 617 618# Bosnia and Herzegovina 619# see Yugoslavia 620 621# Bulgaria 622# 623# From Plamen Simenov <P.Simeonov@cnsys.bg> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 624# A document of Government of Bulgaria (No.94/1997) says: 625# EET --> EETDST is in 03:00 Local time in last Sunday of March ... 626# EETDST --> EET is in 04:00 Local time in last Sunday of October 627# 628# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 629Rule Bulg 1979 only - Mar 31 23:00 1:00 S 630Rule Bulg 1979 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 631Rule Bulg 1980 1982 - Apr Sat<=7 23:00 1:00 S 632Rule Bulg 1980 only - Sep 29 1:00 0 - 633Rule Bulg 1981 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 - 634# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 635Zone Europe/Sofia 1:33:16 - LMT 1880 636 1:56:56 - IMT 1894 Nov 30 # Istanbul MT? 637 2:00 - EET 1942 Nov 2 3:00 638 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 3:00 639 2:00 - EET 1979 Mar 31 23:00 640 2:00 Bulg EE%sT 1982 Sep 26 2:00 641 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 642 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 643 2:00 EU EE%sT 644 645# Croatia 646# see Yugosloavia 647 648# Czech Republic 649# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 650Rule Czech 1945 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S 651Rule Czech 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - 652Rule Czech 1946 only - May 6 2:00s 1:00 S 653Rule Czech 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 654Rule Czech 1947 only - Apr 20 2:00s 1:00 S 655Rule Czech 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 656Rule Czech 1949 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 S 657# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 658Zone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850 659 0:57:44 - PMT 1891 Oct # Prague Mean Time 660 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 17 2:00s 661 1:00 Czech CE%sT 1979 662 1:00 EU CE%sT 663 664# Denmark, Faeroe Islands, and Greenland 665# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 666Rule Denmark 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S 667Rule Denmark 1916 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 - 668Rule Denmark 1940 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 669Rule Denmark 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 670Rule Denmark 1945 only - Aug 15 2:00s 0 - 671Rule Denmark 1946 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 S 672Rule Denmark 1946 only - Sep 1 2:00s 0 - 673Rule Denmark 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S 674Rule Denmark 1947 only - Aug 10 2:00s 0 - 675Rule Denmark 1948 only - May 9 2:00s 1:00 S 676Rule Denmark 1948 only - Aug 8 2:00s 0 - 677# Whitman also gives 1949 Apr 9 to 1949 Oct 1, and disagrees in minor ways 678# about many of the above dates; go with Shanks. 679# 680# For 1894, Shanks says Jan, Whitman Apr; go with Whitman. 681# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 682Zone Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890 683 0:50:20 - CMT 1894 Apr # Copenhagen Mean Time 684 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s 685 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 686 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1980 687 1:00 EU CE%sT 688Zone Atlantic/Faeroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # Torshavn 689 0:00 - WET 1981 690 0:00 EU WE%sT 691# 692# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 693# Greenland joined the EU as part of Denmark, obtained home rule on 1979-05-01, 694# and left the EU on 1985-02-01. It therefore should have been using EU 695# rules at least through 1984. Shanks says Scoresbysund and Godthab 696# used C-Eur rules after 1980, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says they use EU 697# rules since at least 1991. Assume EU rules since 1980. 698 699# 700# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 701Rule Thule 1993 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 702Rule Thule 1993 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S 703# 704# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 705Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:29:00 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormit 706 -2:00 - CGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 707 -2:00 C-Eur CG%sT 1981 Mar 29 708 -1:00 EU EG%sT 709Zone America/Godthab -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Nuuk 710 -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 711 -3:00 EU WG%sT 712Zone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik 713 -4:00 Thule A%sT 714 715# Estonia 716# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-10-15): 717# A relative in Tallinn confirms the accuracy of the data for 1989 onwards 718# [through 1994] and gives the legal authority for it, 719# a regulation of the Government of Estonia, No. 111 of 1989.... 720# 721# From Peter Ilieve <peter@aldie.co.uk> (1996-10-28): 722# [IATA SSIM (1992/1996) claims that the Baltic republics switch at 01:00s, 723# but a relative confirms that Estonia still switches at 02:00s, writing:] 724# ``I do not [know] exactly but there are some little different 725# (confusing) rules for International Air and Railway Transport Schedules 726# conversion in Sunday connected with end of summer time in Estonia.... 727# A discussion is running about the summer time efficiency and effect on 728# human physiology. It seems that Estonia maybe will not change to 729# summer time next spring.'' 730 731# From Peter Ilieve <peter@aldie.co.uk> (1998-11-04), heavily edited: 732# <a href="http://trip.rk.ee/cgi-bin/thw?${BASE}=akt&${OOHTML}=rtd&TA=1998&TO=1&AN=1390"> 733# The 1998-09-22 Estonian time law 734# </a> 735# refers to the Eighth Directive and cites the association agreement between 736# the EU and Estonia, ratified by the Estonian law (RT II 1995, 22--27, 120). 737# 738# I also asked [my relative] whether they use any standard abbreviation 739# for their standard and summer times. He says no, they use "suveaeg" 740# (summer time) and "talveaeg" (winter time). 741 742# From <a href="http://www.baltictimes.com/">The Baltic Times</a> (1999-09-09) 743# via Steffen Thorsen: 744# This year will mark the last time Estonia shifts to summer time, 745# a council of the ruling coalition announced Sept. 6.... 746# But what this could mean for Estonia's chances of joining the European 747# Union are still unclear. In 1994, the EU declared summer time compulsory 748# for all member states until 2001. Brussels has yet to decide what to do 749# after that. 750 751# From Mart Oruaas (2000-01-29): 752# Regulation no. 301 (1999-10-12) obsoletes previous regulation 753# no. 206 (1998-09-22) and thus sticks Estonia to +02:00 GMT for all 754# the year round. The regulation is effective 1999-11-01. 755 756# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 757Zone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880 758 1:39:00 - TMT 1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time 759 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1919 Jul 760 1:39:00 - TMT 1921 May 761 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 6 762 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 15 763 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 22 764 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 765 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep 24 2:00s 766 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 Sep 22 767 2:00 EU EE%sT 1999 Nov 1 768 2:00 - EET 769 770# Finland 771# 772# From Hannu Strang <chs@apu.fi> (25 Sep 1994 06:03:37 UTC): 773# Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one, 774# and it's supposed to change at 4am... 775# 776# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (25 Sep 1994): 777# Shanks says Finland has switched at 02:00 standard time since 1981. 778# Go with Strang instead. 779# 780# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 781Rule Finland 1942 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 782Rule Finland 1942 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 783# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 784Zone Europe/Helsinki 1:39:52 - LMT 1878 May 31 785 1:39:52 - HMT 1921 May # Helsinki Mean Time 786 2:00 Finland EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00 787 2:00 EU EE%sT 788 789# France 790# 791# Shanks seems to use `24:00' ambiguously; we resolve it with Whitman. 792# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 793Rule France 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S 794Rule France 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - 795Rule France 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S 796Rule France 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S 797Rule France 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 798Rule France 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 799Rule France 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 800Rule France 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 801Rule France 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 - 802Rule France 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S 803# DSH writes that a law of 1923-05-24 specified 3rd Sat in Apr at 23:00 to 1st 804# Sat in Oct at 24:00; and that in 1930, because of Easter, the transitions 805# were Apr 12 and Oct 5. Go with Shanks. 806Rule France 1922 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 807Rule France 1923 only - May 26 23:00s 1:00 S 808Rule France 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S 809Rule France 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S 810Rule France 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 811Rule France 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 812Rule France 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 813Rule France 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S 814Rule France 1930 only - Apr 12 23:00s 1:00 S 815Rule France 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 816Rule France 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S 817Rule France 1933 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S 818Rule France 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S 819Rule France 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S 820Rule France 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 821Rule France 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S 822Rule France 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S 823Rule France 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 824Rule France 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 825Rule France 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S 826# The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris, 827# but were used in other places (e.g. Monaco). 828Rule France 1941 only - May 5 0:00 2:00 M # Midsummer 829# Shanks says this transition occurred at Oct 6 1:00, 830# but go with Denis.Excoffier@ens.fr (1997-12-12), 831# who quotes the Ephemerides Astronomiques for 1998 from Bureau des Longitudes 832# as saying 5/10/41 22hUT. 833Rule France 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 S 834Rule France 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 2:00 M 835Rule France 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 1:00 S 836Rule France 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 2:00 M 837Rule France 1943 only - Oct 4 3:00 1:00 S 838Rule France 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00 2:00 M 839Rule France 1944 only - Oct 8 1:00 1:00 S 840Rule France 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 2:00 M 841Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 - 842# Shanks gives Mar 28 2:00 and Sep 26 3:00; 843# go with Excoffier's 28/3/76 0hUT and 25/9/76 23hUT. 844Rule France 1976 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 S 845Rule France 1976 only - Sep 26 1:00 0 - 846# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time, and Whitman gives 0:09:05, 847# but Howse quotes the actual French legislation as saying 0:09:21. 848# Go with Howse. Howse writes that the time in France was officially based 849# on PMT-0:09:21 until 1978-08-09, when the time base finally switched to UTC. 850# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 851Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 852 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 853# Shanks gives 1940 Jun 14 0:00; go with Excoffier's 14/6/40 22hUT. 854 0:00 France WE%sT 1940 Jun 14 23:00 855 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 25 856 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 857 1:00 France CE%sT 1977 858 1:00 EU CE%sT 859 860# Germany 861 862# From Markus Kuhn <Markus.Kuhn@cl.cam.ac.uk> (1998-09-29): 863# The German time zone web site by the Physikalisch-Technische 864# Bundesanstalt contains DST information back to 1916. 865# 866# <a href="http://www.ptb.de/english/org/4/43/432/lega.htm"> 867# Realisation of Legal Time in Germany 868# </a> 869 870# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 871Rule Germany 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 872# Shanks says 05-24 2:00 to 09-24 3:00 for DDST; go with the PTB, who quotes 873# the Archiv fuer publizist. Arbeit (Munzinger-Archiv) 652 (Zeitsystem) 874# (1961-11-25), which gives dates only. Guess 3:00 transition times. 875Rule Germany 1945 only - May 31 3:00 2:00 M # Midsummer 876Rule Germany 1945 only - Sep 23 3:00 1:00 S 877Rule Germany 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - 878Rule Germany 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S 879Rule Germany 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - 880Rule Germany 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 881Rule Germany 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S 882# The PTB gives 3:00 CET and 3:00 CEST for the midsummer transition times; 883# go with Shanks. 884Rule Germany 1947 only - May 11 2:00s 2:00 M 885Rule Germany 1947 only - Jun 29 3:00 1:00 S 886Rule Germany 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 887Rule Germany 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S 888# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 889Zone Europe/Berlin 0:53:28 - LMT 1893 Apr 890 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 891 1:00 Germany CE%sT 1980 892 1:00 EU CE%sT 893 894# Gibraltar 895# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 896Zone Europe/Gibraltar -0:21:24 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 897 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1957 Apr 14 2:00 898 1:00 - CET 1982 899 1:00 EU CE%sT 900 901# Greece 902# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 903# Whitman gives 1932 Jul 5 - Nov 1; go with Shanks. 904Rule Greece 1932 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 S 905Rule Greece 1932 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 906# Whitman gives 1941 Apr 25 - ?; go with Shanks. 907Rule Greece 1941 only - Apr 7 0:00 1:00 S 908# Whitman gives 1942 Feb 2 - ?; go with Shanks. 909Rule Greece 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 910Rule Greece 1943 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S 911Rule Greece 1943 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 912# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 3 - Oct 31; go with Shanks. 913Rule Greece 1952 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S 914Rule Greece 1952 only - Nov 2 0:00 0 - 915Rule Greece 1975 only - Apr 12 0:00s 1:00 S 916Rule Greece 1975 only - Nov 26 0:00s 0 - 917Rule Greece 1976 only - Apr 11 2:00s 1:00 S 918Rule Greece 1976 only - Oct 10 2:00s 0 - 919Rule Greece 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 920Rule Greece 1977 only - Sep 26 2:00s 0 - 921Rule Greece 1978 only - Sep 24 4:00 0 - 922Rule Greece 1979 only - Apr 1 9:00 1:00 S 923Rule Greece 1979 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 - 924Rule Greece 1980 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 925Rule Greece 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 926# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 927Zone Europe/Athens 1:34:52 - LMT 1895 Sep 14 928 1:34:52 - AMT 1916 Jul 28 0:01 # Athens MT 929 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1941 Apr 30 930 1:00 Greece CE%sT 1944 Apr 4 931 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1981 932 # Shanks says they switched to C-Eur in 1981; 933 # go with EU instead, since Greece joined it on Jan 1. 934 2:00 EU EE%sT 935 936# Hungary 937# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 938Rule Hungary 1918 only - Apr 1 3:00 1:00 S 939Rule Hungary 1918 only - Sep 29 3:00 0 - 940Rule Hungary 1919 only - Apr 15 3:00 1:00 S 941Rule Hungary 1919 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 - 942Rule Hungary 1920 only - Apr 5 3:00 1:00 S 943Rule Hungary 1920 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 944Rule Hungary 1945 only - May 1 23:00 1:00 S 945Rule Hungary 1945 only - Nov 3 0:00 0 - 946Rule Hungary 1946 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S 947Rule Hungary 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 948Rule Hungary 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=4 2:00s 1:00 S 949Rule Hungary 1950 only - Apr 17 2:00s 1:00 S 950Rule Hungary 1950 only - Oct 23 2:00s 0 - 951Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - May 23 0:00 1:00 S 952Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 953Rule Hungary 1956 only - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 954Rule Hungary 1956 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 955Rule Hungary 1957 only - Jun Sun>=1 1:00 1:00 S 956Rule Hungary 1957 only - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 - 957Rule Hungary 1980 only - Apr 6 1:00 1:00 S 958# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 959Zone Europe/Budapest 1:16:20 - LMT 1890 Oct 960 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 961 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1941 Apr 6 2:00 962 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 1 23:00 963 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1980 Sep 28 2:00s 964 1:00 EU CE%sT 965 966# Iceland 967# 968# From Adam David <adam@veda.is> (1993-11-06): 969# The name of the timezone in Iceland for system / mail / news purposes is GMT. 970# 971# (1993-12-05): 972# This material is paraphrased from the 1988 edition of the University of 973# Iceland Almanak. 974# 975# From January 1st, 1908 the whole of Iceland was standardised at 1 hour 976# behind GMT. Previously, local mean solar time was used in different parts 977# of Iceland, the almanak had been based on Reykjavik mean solar time which 978# was 1 hour and 28 minutes behind GMT. 979# 980# "first day of winter" referred to [below] means the first day of the 26 weeks 981# of winter, according to the old icelandic calendar that dates back to the 982# time the norsemen first settled Iceland. The first day of winter is always 983# Saturday, but is not dependent on the Julian or Gregorian calendars. 984# 985# (1993-12-10): 986# I have a reference from the Oxford Icelandic-English dictionary for the 987# beginning of winter, which ties it to the ecclesiastical calendar (and thus 988# to the julian/gregorian calendar) over the period in question. 989# the winter begins on the Saturday next before St. Luke's day 990# (old style), or on St. Luke's day, if a Saturday. 991# St. Luke's day ought to be traceable from ecclesiastical sources. "old style" 992# might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it 993# might mean something else (???). 994# 995# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-10-29): 996# The Iceland Almanak, Shanks and Whitman disagree on many points. 997# We go with the Almanak, except for one claim from Shanks, namely that 998# Reykavik was 21W57 from 1837 to 1908, local mean time before that. 999# 1000# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1001Rule Iceland 1917 1918 - Feb 19 23:00 1:00 S 1002Rule Iceland 1917 only - Oct 21 1:00 0 - 1003Rule Iceland 1918 only - Nov 16 1:00 0 - 1004Rule Iceland 1939 only - Apr 29 23:00 1:00 S 1005Rule Iceland 1939 only - Nov 29 2:00 0 - 1006Rule Iceland 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S 1007Rule Iceland 1940 only - Nov 3 2:00 0 - 1008Rule Iceland 1941 only - Mar 2 1:00s 1:00 S 1009Rule Iceland 1941 only - Nov 2 1:00s 0 - 1010Rule Iceland 1942 only - Mar 8 1:00s 1:00 S 1011Rule Iceland 1942 only - Oct 25 1:00s 0 - 1012# 1943-1946 - first Sunday in March until first Sunday in winter 1013Rule Iceland 1943 1946 - Mar Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S 1014Rule Iceland 1943 1948 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 - 1015# 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter 1016Rule Iceland 1947 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S 1017# 1949 Oct transition delayed by 1 week 1018Rule Iceland 1949 only - Oct 30 1:00s 0 - 1019Rule Iceland 1950 1966 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 - 1020Rule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 - 1021# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1022Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:27:24 - LMT 1837 1023 -1:27:48 - RMT 1908 # Reykjavik Mean Time? 1024 -1:00 Iceland IS%sT 1968 Apr 7 1:00s 1025 0:00 - GMT 1026 1027# Italy 1028# 1029# From Paul Eggert (1996-05-06): 1030# For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks, Whitman, and F. Pollastri 1031# <a href="http://pisolo.cstv.to.cnr.it/toi/uk/ienitlt.html"> 1032# Day-light Saving Time in Italy (1996-03-14) 1033# </a> 1034# (`FP' below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute 1035# publication. When the three sources disagree, guess who's right, as follows: 1036# 1037# year FP Shanks (S) Whitman (W) Go with: 1038# 1916 06-03 06-03 24:00 06-03 00:00 FP & W 1039# 09-30 09-30 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s 1040# 1917 04-01 03-31 24:00 03-31 00:00 FP & S 1041# 09-30 09-29 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP & W 1042# 1918 03-09 03-09 24:00 03-09 00:00 FP & S 1043# 10-06 10-05 24:00 10-06 01:00 FP & W 1044# 1919 03-01 03-01 24:00 03-01 00:00 FP & S 1045# 10-04 10-04 24:00 10-04 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s 1046# 1920 03-20 03-20 24:00 03-20 00:00 FP & S 1047# 09-18 09-18 24:00 10-01 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s 1048# 1944 04-02 04-03 02:00 S (see C-Eur) 1049# 09-16 10-02 03:00 FP; guess 24:00s 1050# 1945 09-14 09-16 24:00 FP; guess 24:00s 1051# 1970 05-21 05-31 00:00 S 1052# 09-20 09-27 00:00 S 1053# 1054# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1055Rule Italy 1916 only - Jun 3 0:00s 1:00 S 1056Rule Italy 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1057Rule Italy 1917 only - Apr 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1058Rule Italy 1917 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 - 1059Rule Italy 1918 only - Mar 10 0:00s 1:00 S 1060Rule Italy 1918 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 - 1061Rule Italy 1919 only - Mar 2 0:00s 1:00 S 1062Rule Italy 1920 only - Mar 21 0:00s 1:00 S 1063Rule Italy 1920 only - Sep 19 0:00s 0 - 1064Rule Italy 1940 only - Jun 15 0:00s 1:00 S 1065Rule Italy 1944 only - Sep 17 0:00s 0 - 1066Rule Italy 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 S 1067Rule Italy 1945 only - Sep 15 0:00s 0 - 1068Rule Italy 1946 only - Mar 17 2:00s 1:00 S 1069Rule Italy 1946 only - Oct 6 2:00s 0 - 1070Rule Italy 1947 only - Mar 16 0:00s 1:00 S 1071Rule Italy 1947 only - Oct 5 0:00s 0 - 1072Rule Italy 1948 only - Feb 29 2:00s 1:00 S 1073Rule Italy 1948 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 - 1074Rule Italy 1966 1968 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S 1075Rule Italy 1966 1969 - Sep Sun>=22 0:00 0 - 1076Rule Italy 1969 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 1077Rule Italy 1970 only - May 31 0:00 1:00 S 1078Rule Italy 1970 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1079Rule Italy 1971 1972 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S 1080Rule Italy 1971 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - 1081Rule Italy 1972 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1082Rule Italy 1973 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 S 1083Rule Italy 1973 1974 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1084Rule Italy 1974 only - May 26 0:00 1:00 S 1085Rule Italy 1975 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1086Rule Italy 1975 1977 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 1087Rule Italy 1976 only - May 30 0:00s 1:00 S 1088Rule Italy 1977 1979 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S 1089Rule Italy 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1090Rule Italy 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 - 1091# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1092Zone Europe/Rome 0:49:56 - LMT 1866 Sep 22 1093 0:49:56 - RMT 1893 Nov # Rome Mean Time 1094 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s 1095 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul 1096 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1980 1097 1:00 EU CE%sT 1098 1099Link Europe/Rome Europe/Vatican 1100Link Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino 1101 1102# Latvia 1103 1104# From Liene Kanepe <Liene_Kanepe@lm.gov.lv> (1998-09-17): 1105 1106# I asked about this matter Scientific Secretary of the Institute of Astronomy 1107# of The University of Latvia Dr. paed Mr. Ilgonis Vilks. I also searched the 1108# correct data in juridical acts and I found some juridical documents about 1109# changes in the counting of time in Latvia from 1981.... 1110# 1111# Act No.35 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1981-01-22 ... 1112# according to the Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1980-10-24 1113# ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning 1114# the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on 1 April at 00:00 (GMT 31 March 21:00) 1115# and 1 hour backward on the 1 October at 00:00 (GMT 30 September 20:00). 1116# 1117# Act No.592 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1984-09-24 ... 1118# according to the Act No.967 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1984-09-13 1119# ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning 1120# the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on the last Sunday of March at 02:00 1121# (GMT 23:00 on the previous day) and 1 hour backward on the last Sunday of 1122# September at 03:00 (GMT 23:00 on the previous day). 1123# 1124# Act No.81 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1989-03-22 ... 1125# according to the Act No.227 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1989-03-14 1126# ...: since the last Sunday of March 1989 in Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR, 1127# Estonian SSR and Kaliningrad region of Russian Federation all year round the 1128# time of 2nd time zone (Moscow time minus one hour). On the territory of Latvia 1129# transition to summer time is performed on the last Sunday of March at 02:00 1130# (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour forward. The end of 1131# daylight saving time is performed on the last Sunday of September at 03:00 1132# (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour backward. Exception is 1133# 1989-03-26, when we must not turn the hands of the clock.... 1134# 1135# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Latvia of 1136# 1997-01-21 on transition to Summer time ... established the same order of 1137# daylight savings time settings as in the States of the European Union. 1138 1139# From Andrei Ivanov (2000-03-06): 1140# This year Latvia will not switch to Daylight Savings Time (as specified in 1141# <a href="http://www.lv-laiks.lv/wwwraksti/2000/071072/vd4.htm"> 1142# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Rep. of Latvia of 1143# 29-Feb-2000 (#79)</a>, in Latvian for subscribers only). 1144 1145# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1146Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 1147Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 1148# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1149Zone Europe/Riga 1:36:24 - LMT 1880 1150 1:36:24 - RMT 1918 Apr 15 2:00 #Riga Mean Time 1151 1:36:24 1:00 LST 1918 Sep 16 3:00 #Latvian Summer 1152 1:36:24 - RMT 1919 Apr 1 2:00 1153 1:36:24 1:00 LST 1919 May 22 3:00 1154 1:36:24 - RMT 1926 May 11 1155 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 5 1156 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jul 1157 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 13 1158 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar lastSun 2:00s 1159 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep lastSun 2:00s 1160 2:00 Latvia EE%sT 1997 Jan 21 1161 2:00 EU EE%sT 2000 Feb 29 1162 2:00 - EET 1163 1164# Liechtenstein 1165# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1166Zone Europe/Vaduz 0:38:04 - LMT 1894 Jun 1167 1:00 - CET 1981 1168 1:00 EU CE%sT 1169 1170# Lithuania 1171 1172# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 1173# IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is 1174# known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it's wrong here too. 1175 1176# From Marius Gedminas <mgedmin@pub.osf.lt> (1998-08-07): 1177# I would like to inform that in this year Lithuanian time zone 1178# (Europe/Vilnius) was changed. 1179 1180# From <a href="http://www.elta.lt/">ELTA</a> No. 972 (2582) (1999-09-29), 1181# via Steffen Thorsen: 1182# Lithuania has shifted back to the second time zone (GMT plus two hours) 1183# to be valid here starting from October 31, 1184# as decided by the national government on Wednesday.... 1185# The Lithuanian government also announced plans to consider a 1186# motion to give up shifting to summer time in spring, as it was 1187# already done by Estonia. 1188
| 140 141# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): 142# The OED Supplement says that the English originally said ``Daylight Saving'' 143# when they were debating the adoption of DST in 1908; but by 1916 this 144# term appears only in quotes taken from DST's opponents, whereas the 145# proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using ``Summer''. 146 147# From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-19): 148# 149# A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's 150# known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom. 151 152# Date: 4 Jan 89 08:57:25 GMT (Wed) 153# From: Jonathan Leffler <nih-csl!uunet!mcvax!sphinx.co.uk!john> 154# [British Summer Time] is fixed annually by Act of Parliament. 155# If you can predict what Parliament will do, you should be in 156# politics making a fortune, not computing. 157 158# From Chris Carrier <72157.3334@CompuServe.COM> (1996-06-14): 159# I remember reading in various wartime issues of the London Times the 160# acronym BDST for British Double Summer Time. Look for the published 161# time of sunrise and sunset in The Times, when BDST was in effect, and 162# if you find a zone reference it will say, "All times B.D.S.T." 163 164# From Joseph S. Myers (1999-09-02): 165# ... some military cables (WO 219/4100 - this is a copy from the 166# main SHAEF archives held in the US National Archives, SHAEF/5252/8/516) 167# agree that the usage is BDST (this appears in a message dated 17 Feb 1945). 168 169# Howse writes (p 157) `DBST'; let's assume this is a typo. 170 171# Peter Ilieve <peter@aldie.co.uk> (1998-04-19) described at length 172# the history of summer time legislation in the United Kingdom. 173# Since 1998 Joseph S. Myers <jsm28@cam.ac.uk> has been updating 174# and extending this list, which can be found in 175# <a href="http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/"> 176# History of legal time in Britain 177# </a> (2000-02-12). 178 179# From Joseph S. Myers <jsm28@cam.ac.uk> (1998-01-06): 180# 181# The legal time in the UK outside of summer time is definitely GMT, not UTC; 182# see Lord Tanlaw's speech 183# <a href="http://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/ld199697/ldhansrd/pdvn/lds97/text/70611-20.htm#70611-20_head0"> 184# (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976) 185# </a>. 186 187# From Paul Eggert (2000-02-17): 188# 189# For lack of other data, we'll follow Shanks for Eire in 1940-1948. 190# 191# Given Ilieve and Myers's data, the following claims by Shanks are incorrect: 192# * Wales did not switch from GMT to daylight saving time until 193# 1921 Apr 3, when they began to conform with the rest of Great Britain. 194# Actually, Wales was identical after 1880. 195# * Eire had two transitions on 1916 Oct 1. 196# It actually just had one transition. 197# * Northern Ireland used single daylight saving time throughout WW II. 198# Actually, it conformed to Britain. 199# * GB-Eire changed standard time to 1 hour ahead of GMT on 1968-02-18. 200# Actually, that date saw the usual switch to summer time. 201# Standard time was not changed until 1968-10-27 (the clocks didn't change). 202# 203# Here is another incorrect claim by Shanks: 204# * Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man did not switch from GMT 205# to daylight saving time until 1921 Apr 3, when they began to 206# conform with Great Britain. 207# S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382 and HO 45/10811/312364 (quoted above) say otherwise. 208# 209# The following claim by Shanks is possible though doubtful; 210# we'll ignore it for now. 211# * Dublin's 1971-10-31 switch was at 02:00, even though London's was 03:00. 212# 213# 214# Whitman says Dublin Mean Time was -0:25:21, which is more precise than Shanks. 215 216# From Paul Eggert (1999-03-28): 217# Clive Feather (<news:859845706.26043.0@office.demon.net>, 1997-03-31) 218# reports that Folkestone (Cheriton) Shuttle Terminal uses Concession Time 219# (CT), equivalent to French civil time. 220# Julian Hill (<news:36118128.5A14@virgin.net>, 1998-09-30) reports that 221# trains between Dollands Moor (the freight facility next door) 222# and Frethun run in CT. 223# My admittedly uninformed guess is that the terminal has two authorities, 224# the French concession operators and the British civil authorities, 225# and that the time depends on who you're talking to. 226# If, say, the British police were called to the station for some reason, 227# I would expect the official police report to use GMT/BST and not CET/CEST. 228# This is a borderline case, but for now let's stick to GMT/BST. 229 230# From an anonymous contributor (1996-06-02): 231# The law governing time in Ireland is under Statutory Instrument SI 395/94, 232# which gives force to European Union 7th Council Directive # 94/21/EC. 233# Under this directive, the Minister for Justice in Ireland makes appropriate 234# regulations. I spoke this morning with the Secretary of the Department of 235# Justice (tel +353 1 678 9711) who confirmed to me that the correct name is 236# "Irish Summer Time", abbreviated to "IST". 237 238# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 239# Summer Time Act, 1916 240Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - May 21 2:00s 1:00 BST 241Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 GMT 242# S.R.&O. 1917, No. 358 243Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 BST 244Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 GMT 245# S.R.&O. 1918, No. 274 246Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Mar 24 2:00s 1:00 BST 247Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Sep 30 2:00s 0 GMT 248# S.R.&O. 1919, No. 297 249Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 BST 250Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Sep 29 2:00s 0 GMT 251# S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458 252Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Mar 28 2:00s 1:00 BST 253# S.R.&O. 1920, No. 1844 254Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Oct 25 2:00s 0 GMT 255# S.R.&O. 1921, No. 363 256Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST 257Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 GMT 258# S.R.&O. 1922, No. 264 259Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 BST 260Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Oct 8 2:00s 0 GMT 261# The Summer Time Act, 1922 262Rule GB-Eire 1923 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 263Rule GB-Eire 1923 1924 - Sep Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT 264Rule GB-Eire 1924 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 265Rule GB-Eire 1925 1926 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 266# The Summer Time Act, 1925 267Rule GB-Eire 1925 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT 268Rule GB-Eire 1927 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 269Rule GB-Eire 1928 1929 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 270Rule GB-Eire 1930 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 271Rule GB-Eire 1931 1932 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 272Rule GB-Eire 1933 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 273Rule GB-Eire 1934 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 274Rule GB-Eire 1935 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 275Rule GB-Eire 1936 1937 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 276Rule GB-Eire 1938 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 277Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 278# S.R.&O. 1939, No. 1379 279Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Nov Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT 280# S.R.&O. 1940, No. 172 and No. 1883 281Rule GB-Eire 1940 only - Feb Sun>=23 2:00s 1:00 BST 282# S.R.&O. 1941, No. 476 283Rule GB-Eire 1941 only - May Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST 284Rule GB-Eire 1941 1943 - Aug Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST 285# S.R.&O. 1942, No. 506 286Rule GB-Eire 1942 1944 - Apr Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST 287# S.R.&O. 1944, No. 932 288Rule GB-Eire 1944 only - Sep Sun>=16 1:00s 1:00 BST 289# S.R.&O. 1945, No. 312 290Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Apr Mon>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST 291Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Jul Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST 292# S.R.&O. 1945, No. 1208 293Rule GB-Eire 1945 1946 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT 294Rule GB-Eire 1946 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 295# The Summer Time Act, 1947 296Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Mar 16 2:00s 1:00 BST 297Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Apr 13 1:00s 2:00 BDST 298Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Aug 10 1:00s 1:00 BST 299Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 GMT 300# Summer Time Order, 1948 (S.I. 1948/495) 301Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Mar 14 2:00s 1:00 BST 302Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Oct 31 2:00s 0 GMT 303# Summer Time Order, 1949 (S.I. 1949/373) 304Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST 305Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Oct 30 2:00s 0 GMT 306# Summer Time Order, 1950 (S.I. 1950/518) 307# Summer Time Order, 1951 (S.I. 1951/430) 308# Summer Time Order, 1952 (S.I. 1952/451) 309Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Apr Sun>=14 2:00s 1:00 BST 310Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00s 0 GMT 311# revert to the rules of the Summer Time Act, 1925 312Rule GB-Eire 1953 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 313Rule GB-Eire 1953 1960 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT 314Rule GB-Eire 1954 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 315Rule GB-Eire 1955 1956 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 316Rule GB-Eire 1957 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 317Rule GB-Eire 1958 1959 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 318Rule GB-Eire 1960 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 319# Summer Time Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/71) 320# Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/2465) 321# Summer Time Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/81) 322Rule GB-Eire 1961 1963 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 BST 323Rule GB-Eire 1961 1968 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT 324# Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/2101) 325# Summer Time Order, 1964 (S.I. 1964/1201) 326# Summer Time Order, 1967 (S.I. 1967/1148) 327Rule GB-Eire 1964 1967 - Mar Sun>=19 2:00s 1:00 BST 328# Summer Time Order, 1968 (S.I. 1968/117) 329Rule GB-Eire 1968 only - Feb 18 2:00s 1:00 BST 330# The British Standard Time Act, 1968 331# (no summer time) 332# The Summer Time Act, 1972 333Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 334Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT 335# Summer Time Order, 1980 (S.I. 1980/1089) 336# Summer Time Order, 1982 (S.I. 1982/1673) 337# Summer Time Order, 1986 (S.I. 1986/223) 338# Summer Time Order, 1988 (S.I. 1988/931) 339Rule GB-Eire 1981 1995 - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 BST 340Rule GB-Eire 1981 1989 - Oct Sun>=23 1:00u 0 GMT 341# Summer Time Order, 1989 (S.I. 1989/985) 342# Summer Time Order, 1992 (S.I. 1992/1729) 343# Summer Time Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2798) 344Rule GB-Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u 0 GMT 345# Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982) 346# See EU for rules starting in 1996. 347 348# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 349Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Dec 1 350 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27 351 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 352 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996 353 0:00 EU GMT/BST 354Zone Europe/Belfast -0:23:40 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 355 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 # Dublin MT 356 -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s # Irish Summer Time 357 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27 358 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 359 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996 360 0:00 EU GMT/BST 361Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:21 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 362 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 # Dublin MT 363 -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s 364 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1921 Dec 6 # independence 365 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1940 Feb 25 2:00 366 0:00 1:00 IST 1946 Oct 6 2:00 367 0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00 368 0:00 1:00 IST 1947 Nov 2 2:00 369 0:00 - GMT 1948 Apr 18 2:00 370 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1968 Oct 27 371 1:00 - IST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 372 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1996 373 0:00 EU GMT/IST 374 375############################################################################### 376 377# Continental Europe 378 379# EU rules are for the European Union, previously known as the EC, EEC, 380# Common Market, etc. 381 382# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 383Rule EU 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00u 1:00 S 384Rule EU 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - 385Rule EU 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00u 0 - 386Rule EU 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - 387Rule EU 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S 388Rule EU 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 - 389 390# W-Eur differs from EU only in that W-Eur uses standard time. 391Rule W-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S 392Rule W-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 393Rule W-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00s 0 - 394Rule W-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 395Rule W-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 396Rule W-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 - 397 398# Older C-Eur rules are for convenience in the tables. 399# From 1977 on, C-Eur differs from EU only in that C-Eur uses standard time. 400Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S 401Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 402Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S 403Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 - 404Rule C-Eur 1940 only - Apr 1 2:00s 1:00 S 405Rule C-Eur 1942 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 - 406Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00s 1:00 S 407Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00s 0 - 408Rule C-Eur 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S 409# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 7; go with Shanks. 410Rule C-Eur 1944 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 - 411Rule C-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 412Rule C-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 413Rule C-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - 414Rule C-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 415Rule C-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 416Rule C-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 417 418# E-Eur differs from EU only in that E-Eur switches at midnight local time. 419Rule E-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 420Rule E-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 421Rule E-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 422Rule E-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 423Rule E-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 424Rule E-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 425 426# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 427Rule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 MST # Moscow Summer Time 428Rule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 MMT # Moscow Mean Time 429Rule Russia 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 MDST # Moscow Double Summer Time 430Rule Russia 1918 only - Sep 16 1:00 1:00 MST 431Rule Russia 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 MDST 432Rule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 S 433Rule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 - 434Rule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S 435Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 M # Midsummer 436Rule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 S 437Rule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 438# Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1980-10-24): 439Rule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 440Rule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 441# Act No.967 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1984-09-13), repeated in 442# Act No.227 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1989-03-14): 443Rule Russia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 444Rule Russia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 445# 446Rule Russia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S 447Rule Russia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 - 448Rule Russia 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 449Rule Russia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 450Rule Russia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 451 452# These are for backward compatibility with older versions. 453 454# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 455Zone WET 0:00 EU WE%sT 456Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 457Zone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT 458Zone EET 2:00 EU EE%sT 459 460# Previous editions of this database used abbreviations like MET DST 461# for Central European Summer Time, but this didn't agree with common usage. 462 463# From Markus Kuhn <mskuhn@unrza3.dialin.rrze.uni-erlangen.de> (1996-07-12): 464# The official German names ... are 465# 466# Mitteleuropaeische Zeit (MEZ) = UTC+01:00 467# Mitteleuropaeische Sommerzeit (MESZ) = UTC+02:00 468# 469# as defined in the German Time Act (Gesetz ueber die Zeitbestimmung (ZeitG), 470# 1978-07-25, Bundesgesetzblatt, Jahrgang 1978, Teil I, S. 1110-1111).... 471# I wrote ... to the German Federal Physical-Technical Institution 472# 473# Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) 474# Laboratorium 4.41 "Zeiteinheit" 475# Postfach 3345 476# D-38023 Braunschweig 477# phone: +49 531 592-0 478# 479# ... I received today an answer letter from Dr. Peter Hetzel, head of the PTB 480# department for time and frequency transmission. He explained that the 481# PTB translates MEZ and MESZ into English as 482# 483# Central European Time (CET) = UTC+01:00 484# Central European Summer Time (CEST) = UTC+02:00 485 486 487# Albania 488# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 489Rule Albania 1940 only - Jun 16 0:00 1:00 S 490Rule Albania 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 491Rule Albania 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S 492Rule Albania 1943 only - Apr 10 3:00 0 - 493Rule Albania 1974 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 S 494Rule Albania 1974 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 495Rule Albania 1975 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 496Rule Albania 1975 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 497Rule Albania 1976 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S 498Rule Albania 1976 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 499Rule Albania 1977 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S 500Rule Albania 1977 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 501Rule Albania 1978 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S 502Rule Albania 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 503Rule Albania 1979 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 S 504Rule Albania 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 505Rule Albania 1980 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 S 506Rule Albania 1980 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 507Rule Albania 1981 only - Apr 26 0:00 1:00 S 508Rule Albania 1981 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 - 509Rule Albania 1982 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S 510Rule Albania 1982 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 511Rule Albania 1983 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 S 512Rule Albania 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 513Rule Albania 1984 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 514# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 515Zone Europe/Tirane 1:19:20 - LMT 1914 516 1:00 - CET 1940 Jun 16 517 1:00 Albania CE%sT 1984 Jul 518 1:00 EU CE%sT 519 520# Andorra 521# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 522Zone Europe/Andorra 0:06:04 - LMT 1901 523 0:00 - WET 1946 Sep 30 524 1:00 - CET 1985 Mar 31 2:00 525 1:00 EU CE%sT 526 527# Austria 528# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 529Rule Austria 1920 only - Apr 5 2:00s 1:00 S 530Rule Austria 1920 only - Sep 13 2:00s 0 - 531Rule Austria 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 532Rule Austria 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - 533Rule Austria 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S 534Rule Austria 1946 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 535Rule Austria 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S 536Rule Austria 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 537# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 538Zone Europe/Vienna 1:05:20 - LMT 1893 Apr 539 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Jun 16 3:00 540 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1940 Apr 1 2:00 541 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 542 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1981 543 1:00 EU CE%sT 544 545# Belarus 546# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 547Zone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880 548 1:50 - MMT 1924 May 2 # Minsk Mean Time 549 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 550 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 28 551 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul 3 552 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 553 3:00 - MSK 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 554 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 555 2:00 - EET 1992 Mar 29 0:00s 556 2:00 1:00 EEST 1992 Sep 27 0:00s 557 2:00 Russia EE%sT 558 559# Belgium 560# 561# From Paul Eggert (1997-07-02): 562# Entries from 1918 through 1991 are taken from: 563# Annuaire de L'Observatoire Royal de Belgique, 564# Avenue Circulaire, 3, B-1180 BRUXELLES, CLVIIe annee, 1991 565# (Imprimerie HAYEZ, s.p.r.l., Rue Fin, 4, 1080 BRUXELLES, MCMXC), 566# pp 8-9. 567# LMT before 1892 was 0:17:30, according to the official journal of Belgium: 568# Moniteur Belge, Samedi 30 Avril 1892, N.121. 569# Thanks to Pascal Delmoitie <pascal@belnet.be> for these references. 570# The 1918 rules are listed for completeness; they apply to unoccupied Belgium. 571# Assume Brussels switched to WET in 1918 when the armistice took effect. 572# 573# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 574Rule Belgium 1918 only - Mar 9 0:00s 1:00 S 575Rule Belgium 1918 1919 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 576Rule Belgium 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 577Rule Belgium 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 578Rule Belgium 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 579Rule Belgium 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 580Rule Belgium 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 - 581Rule Belgium 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S 582Rule Belgium 1922 1927 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 583Rule Belgium 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00s 1:00 S 584Rule Belgium 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S 585Rule Belgium 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S 586# DSH writes that a royal decree of 1926-02-22 specified the Sun following 3rd 587# Sat in Apr (except if it's Easter, in which case it's one Sunday earlier), 588# to Sun following 1st Sat in Oct, and that a royal decree of 1928-09-15 589# changed the transition times to 02:00 GMT. 590Rule Belgium 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 591Rule Belgium 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 592Rule Belgium 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 593Rule Belgium 1928 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 - 594Rule Belgium 1929 only - Apr 21 2:00s 1:00 S 595Rule Belgium 1930 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 S 596Rule Belgium 1931 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S 597Rule Belgium 1932 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S 598Rule Belgium 1933 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 S 599Rule Belgium 1934 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S 600Rule Belgium 1935 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S 601Rule Belgium 1936 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S 602Rule Belgium 1937 only - Apr 4 2:00s 1:00 S 603Rule Belgium 1938 only - Mar 27 2:00s 1:00 S 604Rule Belgium 1939 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 S 605Rule Belgium 1939 only - Nov 19 2:00s 0 - 606Rule Belgium 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00s 1:00 S 607Rule Belgium 1944 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 - 608Rule Belgium 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 609Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 610Rule Belgium 1946 only - May 19 2:00s 1:00 S 611Rule Belgium 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - 612# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 613Zone Europe/Brussels 0:17:30 - LMT 1880 614 0:17:30 - BMT 1892 May 1 12:00 # Brussels MT 615 0:00 - WET 1914 Nov 8 616 1:00 - CET 1916 May 1 0:00 617 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Nov 11 11:00u 618 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 20 2:00s 619 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 3 620 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977 621 1:00 EU CE%sT 622 623# Bosnia and Herzegovina 624# see Yugoslavia 625 626# Bulgaria 627# 628# From Plamen Simenov <P.Simeonov@cnsys.bg> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 629# A document of Government of Bulgaria (No.94/1997) says: 630# EET --> EETDST is in 03:00 Local time in last Sunday of March ... 631# EETDST --> EET is in 04:00 Local time in last Sunday of October 632# 633# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 634Rule Bulg 1979 only - Mar 31 23:00 1:00 S 635Rule Bulg 1979 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 636Rule Bulg 1980 1982 - Apr Sat<=7 23:00 1:00 S 637Rule Bulg 1980 only - Sep 29 1:00 0 - 638Rule Bulg 1981 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 - 639# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 640Zone Europe/Sofia 1:33:16 - LMT 1880 641 1:56:56 - IMT 1894 Nov 30 # Istanbul MT? 642 2:00 - EET 1942 Nov 2 3:00 643 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 3:00 644 2:00 - EET 1979 Mar 31 23:00 645 2:00 Bulg EE%sT 1982 Sep 26 2:00 646 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 647 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 648 2:00 EU EE%sT 649 650# Croatia 651# see Yugosloavia 652 653# Czech Republic 654# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 655Rule Czech 1945 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S 656Rule Czech 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - 657Rule Czech 1946 only - May 6 2:00s 1:00 S 658Rule Czech 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 659Rule Czech 1947 only - Apr 20 2:00s 1:00 S 660Rule Czech 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 661Rule Czech 1949 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 S 662# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 663Zone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850 664 0:57:44 - PMT 1891 Oct # Prague Mean Time 665 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 17 2:00s 666 1:00 Czech CE%sT 1979 667 1:00 EU CE%sT 668 669# Denmark, Faeroe Islands, and Greenland 670# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 671Rule Denmark 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S 672Rule Denmark 1916 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 - 673Rule Denmark 1940 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 674Rule Denmark 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 675Rule Denmark 1945 only - Aug 15 2:00s 0 - 676Rule Denmark 1946 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 S 677Rule Denmark 1946 only - Sep 1 2:00s 0 - 678Rule Denmark 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S 679Rule Denmark 1947 only - Aug 10 2:00s 0 - 680Rule Denmark 1948 only - May 9 2:00s 1:00 S 681Rule Denmark 1948 only - Aug 8 2:00s 0 - 682# Whitman also gives 1949 Apr 9 to 1949 Oct 1, and disagrees in minor ways 683# about many of the above dates; go with Shanks. 684# 685# For 1894, Shanks says Jan, Whitman Apr; go with Whitman. 686# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 687Zone Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890 688 0:50:20 - CMT 1894 Apr # Copenhagen Mean Time 689 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s 690 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 691 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1980 692 1:00 EU CE%sT 693Zone Atlantic/Faeroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # Torshavn 694 0:00 - WET 1981 695 0:00 EU WE%sT 696# 697# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 698# Greenland joined the EU as part of Denmark, obtained home rule on 1979-05-01, 699# and left the EU on 1985-02-01. It therefore should have been using EU 700# rules at least through 1984. Shanks says Scoresbysund and Godthab 701# used C-Eur rules after 1980, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says they use EU 702# rules since at least 1991. Assume EU rules since 1980. 703 704# 705# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 706Rule Thule 1993 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 707Rule Thule 1993 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S 708# 709# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 710Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:29:00 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormit 711 -2:00 - CGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 712 -2:00 C-Eur CG%sT 1981 Mar 29 713 -1:00 EU EG%sT 714Zone America/Godthab -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Nuuk 715 -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 716 -3:00 EU WG%sT 717Zone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik 718 -4:00 Thule A%sT 719 720# Estonia 721# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-10-15): 722# A relative in Tallinn confirms the accuracy of the data for 1989 onwards 723# [through 1994] and gives the legal authority for it, 724# a regulation of the Government of Estonia, No. 111 of 1989.... 725# 726# From Peter Ilieve <peter@aldie.co.uk> (1996-10-28): 727# [IATA SSIM (1992/1996) claims that the Baltic republics switch at 01:00s, 728# but a relative confirms that Estonia still switches at 02:00s, writing:] 729# ``I do not [know] exactly but there are some little different 730# (confusing) rules for International Air and Railway Transport Schedules 731# conversion in Sunday connected with end of summer time in Estonia.... 732# A discussion is running about the summer time efficiency and effect on 733# human physiology. It seems that Estonia maybe will not change to 734# summer time next spring.'' 735 736# From Peter Ilieve <peter@aldie.co.uk> (1998-11-04), heavily edited: 737# <a href="http://trip.rk.ee/cgi-bin/thw?${BASE}=akt&${OOHTML}=rtd&TA=1998&TO=1&AN=1390"> 738# The 1998-09-22 Estonian time law 739# </a> 740# refers to the Eighth Directive and cites the association agreement between 741# the EU and Estonia, ratified by the Estonian law (RT II 1995, 22--27, 120). 742# 743# I also asked [my relative] whether they use any standard abbreviation 744# for their standard and summer times. He says no, they use "suveaeg" 745# (summer time) and "talveaeg" (winter time). 746 747# From <a href="http://www.baltictimes.com/">The Baltic Times</a> (1999-09-09) 748# via Steffen Thorsen: 749# This year will mark the last time Estonia shifts to summer time, 750# a council of the ruling coalition announced Sept. 6.... 751# But what this could mean for Estonia's chances of joining the European 752# Union are still unclear. In 1994, the EU declared summer time compulsory 753# for all member states until 2001. Brussels has yet to decide what to do 754# after that. 755 756# From Mart Oruaas (2000-01-29): 757# Regulation no. 301 (1999-10-12) obsoletes previous regulation 758# no. 206 (1998-09-22) and thus sticks Estonia to +02:00 GMT for all 759# the year round. The regulation is effective 1999-11-01. 760 761# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 762Zone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880 763 1:39:00 - TMT 1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time 764 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1919 Jul 765 1:39:00 - TMT 1921 May 766 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 6 767 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 15 768 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 22 769 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 770 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep 24 2:00s 771 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 Sep 22 772 2:00 EU EE%sT 1999 Nov 1 773 2:00 - EET 774 775# Finland 776# 777# From Hannu Strang <chs@apu.fi> (25 Sep 1994 06:03:37 UTC): 778# Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one, 779# and it's supposed to change at 4am... 780# 781# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (25 Sep 1994): 782# Shanks says Finland has switched at 02:00 standard time since 1981. 783# Go with Strang instead. 784# 785# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 786Rule Finland 1942 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 787Rule Finland 1942 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 788# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 789Zone Europe/Helsinki 1:39:52 - LMT 1878 May 31 790 1:39:52 - HMT 1921 May # Helsinki Mean Time 791 2:00 Finland EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00 792 2:00 EU EE%sT 793 794# France 795# 796# Shanks seems to use `24:00' ambiguously; we resolve it with Whitman. 797# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 798Rule France 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S 799Rule France 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - 800Rule France 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S 801Rule France 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S 802Rule France 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 803Rule France 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 804Rule France 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 805Rule France 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 806Rule France 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 - 807Rule France 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S 808# DSH writes that a law of 1923-05-24 specified 3rd Sat in Apr at 23:00 to 1st 809# Sat in Oct at 24:00; and that in 1930, because of Easter, the transitions 810# were Apr 12 and Oct 5. Go with Shanks. 811Rule France 1922 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 812Rule France 1923 only - May 26 23:00s 1:00 S 813Rule France 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S 814Rule France 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S 815Rule France 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 816Rule France 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 817Rule France 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 818Rule France 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S 819Rule France 1930 only - Apr 12 23:00s 1:00 S 820Rule France 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 821Rule France 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S 822Rule France 1933 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S 823Rule France 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S 824Rule France 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S 825Rule France 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 826Rule France 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S 827Rule France 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S 828Rule France 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 829Rule France 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 830Rule France 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S 831# The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris, 832# but were used in other places (e.g. Monaco). 833Rule France 1941 only - May 5 0:00 2:00 M # Midsummer 834# Shanks says this transition occurred at Oct 6 1:00, 835# but go with Denis.Excoffier@ens.fr (1997-12-12), 836# who quotes the Ephemerides Astronomiques for 1998 from Bureau des Longitudes 837# as saying 5/10/41 22hUT. 838Rule France 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 S 839Rule France 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 2:00 M 840Rule France 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 1:00 S 841Rule France 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 2:00 M 842Rule France 1943 only - Oct 4 3:00 1:00 S 843Rule France 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00 2:00 M 844Rule France 1944 only - Oct 8 1:00 1:00 S 845Rule France 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 2:00 M 846Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 - 847# Shanks gives Mar 28 2:00 and Sep 26 3:00; 848# go with Excoffier's 28/3/76 0hUT and 25/9/76 23hUT. 849Rule France 1976 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 S 850Rule France 1976 only - Sep 26 1:00 0 - 851# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time, and Whitman gives 0:09:05, 852# but Howse quotes the actual French legislation as saying 0:09:21. 853# Go with Howse. Howse writes that the time in France was officially based 854# on PMT-0:09:21 until 1978-08-09, when the time base finally switched to UTC. 855# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 856Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 857 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 858# Shanks gives 1940 Jun 14 0:00; go with Excoffier's 14/6/40 22hUT. 859 0:00 France WE%sT 1940 Jun 14 23:00 860 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 25 861 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 862 1:00 France CE%sT 1977 863 1:00 EU CE%sT 864 865# Germany 866 867# From Markus Kuhn <Markus.Kuhn@cl.cam.ac.uk> (1998-09-29): 868# The German time zone web site by the Physikalisch-Technische 869# Bundesanstalt contains DST information back to 1916. 870# 871# <a href="http://www.ptb.de/english/org/4/43/432/lega.htm"> 872# Realisation of Legal Time in Germany 873# </a> 874 875# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 876Rule Germany 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 877# Shanks says 05-24 2:00 to 09-24 3:00 for DDST; go with the PTB, who quotes 878# the Archiv fuer publizist. Arbeit (Munzinger-Archiv) 652 (Zeitsystem) 879# (1961-11-25), which gives dates only. Guess 3:00 transition times. 880Rule Germany 1945 only - May 31 3:00 2:00 M # Midsummer 881Rule Germany 1945 only - Sep 23 3:00 1:00 S 882Rule Germany 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - 883Rule Germany 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S 884Rule Germany 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - 885Rule Germany 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 886Rule Germany 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S 887# The PTB gives 3:00 CET and 3:00 CEST for the midsummer transition times; 888# go with Shanks. 889Rule Germany 1947 only - May 11 2:00s 2:00 M 890Rule Germany 1947 only - Jun 29 3:00 1:00 S 891Rule Germany 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 892Rule Germany 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S 893# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 894Zone Europe/Berlin 0:53:28 - LMT 1893 Apr 895 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 896 1:00 Germany CE%sT 1980 897 1:00 EU CE%sT 898 899# Gibraltar 900# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 901Zone Europe/Gibraltar -0:21:24 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 902 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1957 Apr 14 2:00 903 1:00 - CET 1982 904 1:00 EU CE%sT 905 906# Greece 907# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 908# Whitman gives 1932 Jul 5 - Nov 1; go with Shanks. 909Rule Greece 1932 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 S 910Rule Greece 1932 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 911# Whitman gives 1941 Apr 25 - ?; go with Shanks. 912Rule Greece 1941 only - Apr 7 0:00 1:00 S 913# Whitman gives 1942 Feb 2 - ?; go with Shanks. 914Rule Greece 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 915Rule Greece 1943 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S 916Rule Greece 1943 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 917# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 3 - Oct 31; go with Shanks. 918Rule Greece 1952 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S 919Rule Greece 1952 only - Nov 2 0:00 0 - 920Rule Greece 1975 only - Apr 12 0:00s 1:00 S 921Rule Greece 1975 only - Nov 26 0:00s 0 - 922Rule Greece 1976 only - Apr 11 2:00s 1:00 S 923Rule Greece 1976 only - Oct 10 2:00s 0 - 924Rule Greece 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 925Rule Greece 1977 only - Sep 26 2:00s 0 - 926Rule Greece 1978 only - Sep 24 4:00 0 - 927Rule Greece 1979 only - Apr 1 9:00 1:00 S 928Rule Greece 1979 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 - 929Rule Greece 1980 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 930Rule Greece 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 931# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 932Zone Europe/Athens 1:34:52 - LMT 1895 Sep 14 933 1:34:52 - AMT 1916 Jul 28 0:01 # Athens MT 934 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1941 Apr 30 935 1:00 Greece CE%sT 1944 Apr 4 936 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1981 937 # Shanks says they switched to C-Eur in 1981; 938 # go with EU instead, since Greece joined it on Jan 1. 939 2:00 EU EE%sT 940 941# Hungary 942# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 943Rule Hungary 1918 only - Apr 1 3:00 1:00 S 944Rule Hungary 1918 only - Sep 29 3:00 0 - 945Rule Hungary 1919 only - Apr 15 3:00 1:00 S 946Rule Hungary 1919 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 - 947Rule Hungary 1920 only - Apr 5 3:00 1:00 S 948Rule Hungary 1920 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 949Rule Hungary 1945 only - May 1 23:00 1:00 S 950Rule Hungary 1945 only - Nov 3 0:00 0 - 951Rule Hungary 1946 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S 952Rule Hungary 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 953Rule Hungary 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=4 2:00s 1:00 S 954Rule Hungary 1950 only - Apr 17 2:00s 1:00 S 955Rule Hungary 1950 only - Oct 23 2:00s 0 - 956Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - May 23 0:00 1:00 S 957Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 958Rule Hungary 1956 only - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 959Rule Hungary 1956 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 960Rule Hungary 1957 only - Jun Sun>=1 1:00 1:00 S 961Rule Hungary 1957 only - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 - 962Rule Hungary 1980 only - Apr 6 1:00 1:00 S 963# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 964Zone Europe/Budapest 1:16:20 - LMT 1890 Oct 965 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 966 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1941 Apr 6 2:00 967 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 1 23:00 968 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1980 Sep 28 2:00s 969 1:00 EU CE%sT 970 971# Iceland 972# 973# From Adam David <adam@veda.is> (1993-11-06): 974# The name of the timezone in Iceland for system / mail / news purposes is GMT. 975# 976# (1993-12-05): 977# This material is paraphrased from the 1988 edition of the University of 978# Iceland Almanak. 979# 980# From January 1st, 1908 the whole of Iceland was standardised at 1 hour 981# behind GMT. Previously, local mean solar time was used in different parts 982# of Iceland, the almanak had been based on Reykjavik mean solar time which 983# was 1 hour and 28 minutes behind GMT. 984# 985# "first day of winter" referred to [below] means the first day of the 26 weeks 986# of winter, according to the old icelandic calendar that dates back to the 987# time the norsemen first settled Iceland. The first day of winter is always 988# Saturday, but is not dependent on the Julian or Gregorian calendars. 989# 990# (1993-12-10): 991# I have a reference from the Oxford Icelandic-English dictionary for the 992# beginning of winter, which ties it to the ecclesiastical calendar (and thus 993# to the julian/gregorian calendar) over the period in question. 994# the winter begins on the Saturday next before St. Luke's day 995# (old style), or on St. Luke's day, if a Saturday. 996# St. Luke's day ought to be traceable from ecclesiastical sources. "old style" 997# might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it 998# might mean something else (???). 999# 1000# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-10-29): 1001# The Iceland Almanak, Shanks and Whitman disagree on many points. 1002# We go with the Almanak, except for one claim from Shanks, namely that 1003# Reykavik was 21W57 from 1837 to 1908, local mean time before that. 1004# 1005# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1006Rule Iceland 1917 1918 - Feb 19 23:00 1:00 S 1007Rule Iceland 1917 only - Oct 21 1:00 0 - 1008Rule Iceland 1918 only - Nov 16 1:00 0 - 1009Rule Iceland 1939 only - Apr 29 23:00 1:00 S 1010Rule Iceland 1939 only - Nov 29 2:00 0 - 1011Rule Iceland 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S 1012Rule Iceland 1940 only - Nov 3 2:00 0 - 1013Rule Iceland 1941 only - Mar 2 1:00s 1:00 S 1014Rule Iceland 1941 only - Nov 2 1:00s 0 - 1015Rule Iceland 1942 only - Mar 8 1:00s 1:00 S 1016Rule Iceland 1942 only - Oct 25 1:00s 0 - 1017# 1943-1946 - first Sunday in March until first Sunday in winter 1018Rule Iceland 1943 1946 - Mar Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S 1019Rule Iceland 1943 1948 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 - 1020# 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter 1021Rule Iceland 1947 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S 1022# 1949 Oct transition delayed by 1 week 1023Rule Iceland 1949 only - Oct 30 1:00s 0 - 1024Rule Iceland 1950 1966 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 - 1025Rule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 - 1026# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1027Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:27:24 - LMT 1837 1028 -1:27:48 - RMT 1908 # Reykjavik Mean Time? 1029 -1:00 Iceland IS%sT 1968 Apr 7 1:00s 1030 0:00 - GMT 1031 1032# Italy 1033# 1034# From Paul Eggert (1996-05-06): 1035# For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks, Whitman, and F. Pollastri 1036# <a href="http://pisolo.cstv.to.cnr.it/toi/uk/ienitlt.html"> 1037# Day-light Saving Time in Italy (1996-03-14) 1038# </a> 1039# (`FP' below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute 1040# publication. When the three sources disagree, guess who's right, as follows: 1041# 1042# year FP Shanks (S) Whitman (W) Go with: 1043# 1916 06-03 06-03 24:00 06-03 00:00 FP & W 1044# 09-30 09-30 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s 1045# 1917 04-01 03-31 24:00 03-31 00:00 FP & S 1046# 09-30 09-29 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP & W 1047# 1918 03-09 03-09 24:00 03-09 00:00 FP & S 1048# 10-06 10-05 24:00 10-06 01:00 FP & W 1049# 1919 03-01 03-01 24:00 03-01 00:00 FP & S 1050# 10-04 10-04 24:00 10-04 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s 1051# 1920 03-20 03-20 24:00 03-20 00:00 FP & S 1052# 09-18 09-18 24:00 10-01 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s 1053# 1944 04-02 04-03 02:00 S (see C-Eur) 1054# 09-16 10-02 03:00 FP; guess 24:00s 1055# 1945 09-14 09-16 24:00 FP; guess 24:00s 1056# 1970 05-21 05-31 00:00 S 1057# 09-20 09-27 00:00 S 1058# 1059# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1060Rule Italy 1916 only - Jun 3 0:00s 1:00 S 1061Rule Italy 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1062Rule Italy 1917 only - Apr 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1063Rule Italy 1917 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 - 1064Rule Italy 1918 only - Mar 10 0:00s 1:00 S 1065Rule Italy 1918 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 - 1066Rule Italy 1919 only - Mar 2 0:00s 1:00 S 1067Rule Italy 1920 only - Mar 21 0:00s 1:00 S 1068Rule Italy 1920 only - Sep 19 0:00s 0 - 1069Rule Italy 1940 only - Jun 15 0:00s 1:00 S 1070Rule Italy 1944 only - Sep 17 0:00s 0 - 1071Rule Italy 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 S 1072Rule Italy 1945 only - Sep 15 0:00s 0 - 1073Rule Italy 1946 only - Mar 17 2:00s 1:00 S 1074Rule Italy 1946 only - Oct 6 2:00s 0 - 1075Rule Italy 1947 only - Mar 16 0:00s 1:00 S 1076Rule Italy 1947 only - Oct 5 0:00s 0 - 1077Rule Italy 1948 only - Feb 29 2:00s 1:00 S 1078Rule Italy 1948 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 - 1079Rule Italy 1966 1968 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S 1080Rule Italy 1966 1969 - Sep Sun>=22 0:00 0 - 1081Rule Italy 1969 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 1082Rule Italy 1970 only - May 31 0:00 1:00 S 1083Rule Italy 1970 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1084Rule Italy 1971 1972 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S 1085Rule Italy 1971 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - 1086Rule Italy 1972 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1087Rule Italy 1973 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 S 1088Rule Italy 1973 1974 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1089Rule Italy 1974 only - May 26 0:00 1:00 S 1090Rule Italy 1975 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1091Rule Italy 1975 1977 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 1092Rule Italy 1976 only - May 30 0:00s 1:00 S 1093Rule Italy 1977 1979 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S 1094Rule Italy 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1095Rule Italy 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 - 1096# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1097Zone Europe/Rome 0:49:56 - LMT 1866 Sep 22 1098 0:49:56 - RMT 1893 Nov # Rome Mean Time 1099 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s 1100 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul 1101 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1980 1102 1:00 EU CE%sT 1103 1104Link Europe/Rome Europe/Vatican 1105Link Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino 1106 1107# Latvia 1108 1109# From Liene Kanepe <Liene_Kanepe@lm.gov.lv> (1998-09-17): 1110 1111# I asked about this matter Scientific Secretary of the Institute of Astronomy 1112# of The University of Latvia Dr. paed Mr. Ilgonis Vilks. I also searched the 1113# correct data in juridical acts and I found some juridical documents about 1114# changes in the counting of time in Latvia from 1981.... 1115# 1116# Act No.35 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1981-01-22 ... 1117# according to the Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1980-10-24 1118# ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning 1119# the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on 1 April at 00:00 (GMT 31 March 21:00) 1120# and 1 hour backward on the 1 October at 00:00 (GMT 30 September 20:00). 1121# 1122# Act No.592 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1984-09-24 ... 1123# according to the Act No.967 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1984-09-13 1124# ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning 1125# the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on the last Sunday of March at 02:00 1126# (GMT 23:00 on the previous day) and 1 hour backward on the last Sunday of 1127# September at 03:00 (GMT 23:00 on the previous day). 1128# 1129# Act No.81 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1989-03-22 ... 1130# according to the Act No.227 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1989-03-14 1131# ...: since the last Sunday of March 1989 in Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR, 1132# Estonian SSR and Kaliningrad region of Russian Federation all year round the 1133# time of 2nd time zone (Moscow time minus one hour). On the territory of Latvia 1134# transition to summer time is performed on the last Sunday of March at 02:00 1135# (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour forward. The end of 1136# daylight saving time is performed on the last Sunday of September at 03:00 1137# (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour backward. Exception is 1138# 1989-03-26, when we must not turn the hands of the clock.... 1139# 1140# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Latvia of 1141# 1997-01-21 on transition to Summer time ... established the same order of 1142# daylight savings time settings as in the States of the European Union. 1143 1144# From Andrei Ivanov (2000-03-06): 1145# This year Latvia will not switch to Daylight Savings Time (as specified in 1146# <a href="http://www.lv-laiks.lv/wwwraksti/2000/071072/vd4.htm"> 1147# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Rep. of Latvia of 1148# 29-Feb-2000 (#79)</a>, in Latvian for subscribers only). 1149 1150# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1151Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 1152Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 1153# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1154Zone Europe/Riga 1:36:24 - LMT 1880 1155 1:36:24 - RMT 1918 Apr 15 2:00 #Riga Mean Time 1156 1:36:24 1:00 LST 1918 Sep 16 3:00 #Latvian Summer 1157 1:36:24 - RMT 1919 Apr 1 2:00 1158 1:36:24 1:00 LST 1919 May 22 3:00 1159 1:36:24 - RMT 1926 May 11 1160 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 5 1161 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jul 1162 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 13 1163 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar lastSun 2:00s 1164 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep lastSun 2:00s 1165 2:00 Latvia EE%sT 1997 Jan 21 1166 2:00 EU EE%sT 2000 Feb 29 1167 2:00 - EET 1168 1169# Liechtenstein 1170# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1171Zone Europe/Vaduz 0:38:04 - LMT 1894 Jun 1172 1:00 - CET 1981 1173 1:00 EU CE%sT 1174 1175# Lithuania 1176 1177# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 1178# IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is 1179# known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it's wrong here too. 1180 1181# From Marius Gedminas <mgedmin@pub.osf.lt> (1998-08-07): 1182# I would like to inform that in this year Lithuanian time zone 1183# (Europe/Vilnius) was changed. 1184 1185# From <a href="http://www.elta.lt/">ELTA</a> No. 972 (2582) (1999-09-29), 1186# via Steffen Thorsen: 1187# Lithuania has shifted back to the second time zone (GMT plus two hours) 1188# to be valid here starting from October 31, 1189# as decided by the national government on Wednesday.... 1190# The Lithuanian government also announced plans to consider a 1191# motion to give up shifting to summer time in spring, as it was 1192# already done by Estonia. 1193
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| 1194# From the <a href="http://www.tourism.lt/informa/ff.htm"> 1195# Fact File, Lithuanian State Department of Tourism 1196# </a> (2000-03-27): Local time is GMT+2 hours ..., no daylight saving. 1197
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1189# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1190Zone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880 1191 1:24:00 - WMT 1917 # Warsaw Mean Time 1192 1:35:36 - KMT 1919 Oct 10 # Kaunas Mean Time 1193 1:00 - CET 1920 Jul 12 1194 2:00 - EET 1920 Oct 9 1195 1:00 - CET 1940 Aug 3 1196 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 24 1197 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 1198 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1199 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 1200 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 1201 2:00 - EET 1998 Mar 29 1:00u 1202 1:00 EU CE%sT 1999 Oct 31 1:00u
| 1198# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1199Zone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880 1200 1:24:00 - WMT 1917 # Warsaw Mean Time 1201 1:35:36 - KMT 1919 Oct 10 # Kaunas Mean Time 1202 1:00 - CET 1920 Jul 12 1203 2:00 - EET 1920 Oct 9 1204 1:00 - CET 1940 Aug 3 1205 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 24 1206 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 1207 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1208 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 1209 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 1210 2:00 - EET 1998 Mar 29 1:00u 1211 1:00 EU CE%sT 1999 Oct 31 1:00u
|
1203 2:00 EU EE%sT
| 1212 2:00 - EET
|
1204 1205# Luxembourg 1206# Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways; go with Shanks. 1207# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1208Rule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S 1209Rule Lux 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 1210Rule Lux 1917 only - Apr 28 23:00 1:00 S 1211Rule Lux 1917 only - Sep 17 1:00 0 - 1212Rule Lux 1918 only - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S 1213Rule Lux 1918 only - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 - 1214Rule Lux 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00 1:00 S 1215Rule Lux 1919 only - Oct 5 3:00 0 - 1216Rule Lux 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S 1217Rule Lux 1920 only - Oct 24 2:00 0 - 1218Rule Lux 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00 1:00 S 1219Rule Lux 1921 only - Oct 26 2:00 0 - 1220Rule Lux 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00 1:00 S 1221Rule Lux 1922 only - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 - 1222Rule Lux 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00 1:00 S 1223Rule Lux 1923 only - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 - 1224Rule Lux 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00 1:00 S 1225Rule Lux 1924 1928 - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 - 1226Rule Lux 1925 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S 1227Rule Lux 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 S 1228Rule Lux 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 S 1229Rule Lux 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00 1:00 S 1230Rule Lux 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 S 1231# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1232Zone Europe/Luxembourg 0:24:36 - LMT 1904 Jun 1233 1:00 Lux CE%sT 1918 Nov 25 1234 0:00 Lux WE%sT 1929 Oct 6 2:00s 1235 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 14 3:00 1236 1:00 C-Eur WE%sT 1944 Sep 18 3:00 1237 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977 1238 1:00 EU CE%sT 1239 1240# Macedonia 1241# see Yugoslavia 1242 1243# Malta 1244# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1245Rule Malta 1973 only - Mar 31 0:00s 1:00 S 1246Rule Malta 1973 only - Sep 29 0:00s 0 - 1247Rule Malta 1974 only - Apr 21 0:00s 1:00 S 1248Rule Malta 1974 only - Sep 16 0:00s 0 - 1249Rule Malta 1975 1979 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S 1250Rule Malta 1975 1980 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 1251Rule Malta 1980 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S 1252# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1253Zone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 2 # Valletta 1254 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s 1255 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s 1256 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1973 Mar 31 1257 1:00 Malta CE%sT 1981 1258 1:00 EU CE%sT 1259 1260# Moldova 1261# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1262Zone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1880 1263 1:55 - CMT 1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT 1264 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT 1265 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1940 Aug 15 1266 2:00 1:00 EEST 1941 Jul 17 1267 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 24 1268 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 1269 3:00 - MSK 1990 May 6 1270 2:00 - EET 1991 1271 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 1272 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 1273# See Romania commentary for the guessed 1997 transition to EU rules. 1274 2:00 EU EE%sT 1275Zone Europe/Tiraspol 1:58:32 - LMT 1880 1276 1:55 - CMT 1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT 1277 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT 1278 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1940 Aug 15 1279 2:00 1:00 EEST 1941 Jul 17 1280 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 24 1281 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00 1282 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00 1283 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1284 1285# Monaco 1286# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's more precise 0:09:21. 1287# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1288Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 1289 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 1290 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 1291 1:00 France CE%sT 1977 1292 1:00 EU CE%sT 1293 1294# Netherlands 1295# Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940, 1296# but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time. 1297# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1298# Shanks gives 1916 Apr 30 24:00 and 1916 Oct 1 00:00; go with Whitman. 1299Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time 1300Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time 1301Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST 1302Rule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT 1303# Whitman gives 1918 Apr 14, 1918 Oct 31, and 1921 Sep 28; go with Shanks. 1304Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST 1305Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep Mon>=24 2:00s 0 AMT 1306Rule Neth 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 NST 1307# Whitman gives 1939 Oct 1; go with Shanks. 1308Rule Neth 1922 1936 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 AMT 1309Rule Neth 1923 only - Jun 1 2:00s 1:00 NST 1310Rule Neth 1924 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 NST 1311# Whitman gives 1925 Apr 5; go with Shanks. 1312Rule Neth 1925 only - Jun 5 2:00s 1:00 NST 1313# For 1926 through 1930 Whitman gives Apr 15; go with Shanks. 1314Rule Neth 1926 1931 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST 1315Rule Neth 1932 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST 1316Rule Neth 1933 1936 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST 1317Rule Neth 1937 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST 1318Rule Neth 1937 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S 1319Rule Neth 1937 1939 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 - 1320# Whitman gives 1939 Apr 15 and 1940 Apr 19; go with Shanks. 1321Rule Neth 1938 1939 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 S 1322Rule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 1323Rule Neth 1945 only - May 20 2:00s 0 - 1324# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1325Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:28 - LMT 1892 May 1326 0:19:28 Neth %s 1937 Jul 1327 0:20 Neth NE%sT 1940 May 16 0:40 1328 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 1329 1:00 Neth CE%sT 1977 1330 1:00 EU CE%sT 1331 1332# Norway 1333# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1334# Whitman gives 1916 May 21 - 1916 Oct 21; go with Shanks. 1335Rule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 S 1336Rule Norway 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 1337# Whitman says DST observed 1935-08-11/1942-11-01, then 1943-03-29/10-04, 1338# 1944-04-03/10-02, and 1945-04-01/10-01; go with Shanks. 1339Rule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 1340Rule Norway 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - 1341Rule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 S 1342Rule Norway 1959 1965 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 1343Rule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 S 1344# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1345Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895 1346 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1940 Aug 10 23:00 1347 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 1348 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1980 1349 1:00 EU CE%sT 1350 1351# Svalbard & Jan Mayen 1352Link Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen 1353# From Whitman: 1354# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1355Zone Atlantic/Jan_Mayen -1:00 - EGT 1356 1357# Poland 1358# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1359Rule Poland 1918 1919 - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 1360Rule Poland 1919 only - Apr 15 2:00s 1:00 S 1361# Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks. 1362Rule Poland 1944 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 1363# For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks. 1364Rule Poland 1945 only - Apr 29 0:00 1:00 S 1365Rule Poland 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 1366Rule Poland 1946 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 S 1367Rule Poland 1946 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 - 1368Rule Poland 1947 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 S 1369Rule Poland 1947 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 1370Rule Poland 1948 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 S 1371# Whitman also gives 1949 Apr 9 - 1949 Oct 1; go with Shanks. 1372Rule Poland 1957 only - Jun 2 1:00s 1:00 S 1373Rule Poland 1957 1958 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 1374Rule Poland 1958 only - Mar 30 1:00s 1:00 S 1375Rule Poland 1959 only - May 31 1:00s 1:00 S 1376Rule Poland 1959 1961 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00s 0 - 1377Rule Poland 1960 only - Apr 3 1:00s 1:00 S 1378Rule Poland 1961 1964 - May Sun>=25 1:00s 1:00 S 1379Rule Poland 1962 1964 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 1380# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1381Zone Europe/Warsaw 1:24:00 - LMT 1880 1382 1:24:00 - WMT 1915 Aug 5 # Warsaw Mean Time 1383 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Sep 16 3:00 1384 2:00 Poland EE%sT 1922 Jun 1385 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1940 Jun 23 2:00 1386 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 1387 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1977 Apr 3 1:00 1388 1:00 W-Eur CE%sT 1999 1389# IATA SSIM (1991/1996) gives EU rules, but the _The Warsaw Voice_ 1390# <a href="http://www.warsawvoice.com.pl/v361/NewsInBrief.shtml"> 1391# http://www.warsawvoice.com/pl/v361/NewsInBrief.shtml (1995-09-24) 1392# </a> 1393# says the autumn 1995 switch was at 02:00. 1394# Stick with W-Eur for now. 1395# 1396# From Marcin.Kasperski@softax.com.pl (1999-06-10): 1397# According to my colleagues someone recently decided, that Poland would 1398# follow European Union regulations, so - I think - the matter is not 1399# worth further discussion. 1400# 1401# From Paul Eggert (1999-06-10): 1402# Kasperski also writes that the government futzed with the rules in 1997 1403# or 1998 but he doesn't remember the details. Assume they switched to 1404# EU rules in 1999. 1405 1:00 EU CE%sT 1406 1407# Portugal 1408# 1409# From Rui Pedro Salgueiro <rps@inescca.inescc.pt> (1992-11-12): 1410# Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone 1411# (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC. 1412# 1413# Martin Bruckmann <martin@ua.pt> (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve 1414# that Portugal is reverting to 0:00 by not moving its clocks this spring. 1415# The new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter. 1416# 1417# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-12): 1418# IATA SSIM (1991-09) reports several 1991-09 and 1992-09 transitions 1419# at 02:00u, not 01:00u. Assume that these are typos. 1420# IATA SSIM (1991/1992) reports that the Azores were at -1:00. 1421# IATA SSIM (1993-02) says +0:00; later issues (through 1996-09) say -1:00. 1422# Guess that the Azores changed to EU rules in 1992 (since that's when Portugal 1423# harmonized with the EU), and that they stayed +0:00 that winter. 1424# 1425# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1426# DSH writes that despite Decree 1,469 (1915), the change to the clocks was not 1427# done every year, depending on what Spain did, because of railroad schedules. 1428# Go with Shanks. 1429Rule Port 1916 only - Jun 17 23:00 1:00 S 1430# Whitman gives 1916 Oct 31; go with Shanks. 1431Rule Port 1916 only - Nov 1 1:00 0 - 1432Rule Port 1917 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S 1433Rule Port 1917 1921 - Oct 14 23:00s 0 - 1434Rule Port 1918 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 1435Rule Port 1919 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S 1436Rule Port 1920 only - Feb 29 23:00s 1:00 S 1437Rule Port 1921 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S 1438Rule Port 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S 1439Rule Port 1924 only - Oct 14 23:00s 0 - 1440Rule Port 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 1441Rule Port 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 1442Rule Port 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 1443Rule Port 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 1444Rule Port 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S 1445Rule Port 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 1446# Whitman gives 1931 Oct 8; go with Shanks. 1447Rule Port 1931 1932 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 1448Rule Port 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S 1449# Shanks gives 1934 Apr 4; go with Whitman. 1450Rule Port 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S 1451# Whitman gives 1934 Oct 5; go with Shanks. 1452Rule Port 1934 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 1453# Shanks gives 1935 Apr 30; go with Whitman. 1454Rule Port 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S 1455Rule Port 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 1456# Whitman gives 1937 Apr 2; go with Shanks. 1457Rule Port 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S 1458Rule Port 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S 1459Rule Port 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 1460# Whitman gives 1939 Oct 7; go with Shanks. 1461Rule Port 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 1462Rule Port 1940 only - Feb 24 23:00s 1:00 S 1463# Shanks gives 1940 Oct 7; go with Whitman. 1464Rule Port 1940 1941 - Oct 5 23:00s 0 - 1465Rule Port 1941 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S 1466Rule Port 1942 1945 - Mar Sat>=8 23:00s 1:00 S 1467Rule Port 1942 only - Apr 25 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer 1468Rule Port 1942 only - Aug 15 22:00s 1:00 S 1469Rule Port 1942 1945 - Oct Sat>=24 23:00s 0 - 1470Rule Port 1943 only - Apr 17 22:00s 2:00 M 1471Rule Port 1943 1945 - Aug Sat>=25 22:00s 1:00 S 1472Rule Port 1944 1945 - Apr Sat>=21 22:00s 2:00 M 1473Rule Port 1946 only - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 S 1474Rule Port 1946 only - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 1475Rule Port 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 1476Rule Port 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 1477# Shanks says DST was observed in 1950; go with Whitman. 1478# Whitman gives Oct lastSun for 1952 on; go with Shanks. 1479Rule Port 1951 1965 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 1480Rule Port 1951 1965 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 1481Rule Port 1977 only - Mar 27 0:00s 1:00 S 1482Rule Port 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00s 0 - 1483Rule Port 1978 1979 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 S 1484Rule Port 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1485Rule Port 1979 1982 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 1486Rule Port 1980 only - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S 1487Rule Port 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 1488Rule Port 1983 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 1489# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1490Zone Europe/Lisbon -0:36:32 - LMT 1884 1491 -0:36:32 - LMT 1911 May 24 # Lisbon Mean Time 1492 0:00 Port WE%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 1493 1:00 - CET 1976 Sep 26 1:00 1494 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 1495 0:00 W-Eur WE%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s 1496 1:00 EU CE%sT 1996 Mar 31 1:00u 1497 0:00 EU WE%sT 1498Zone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada 1499 -1:55 - HMT 1911 May 24 # Horta Mean Time 1500 -2:00 Port AZO%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Azores Time 1501 -1:00 Port AZO%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 1502 -1:00 W-Eur AZO%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s 1503 0:00 EU WE%sT 1993 Mar 28 1:00u 1504 -1:00 EU AZO%sT 1505Zone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal 1506 -1:08 - FMT 1911 May 24 # Funchal Mean Time 1507 -1:00 Port MAD%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Madeira Time 1508 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 1509 0:00 EU WE%sT 1510 1511# Romania 1512# 1513# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-07): 1514# <a href="http://www.nineoclock.ro/POL/1778pol.html"> 1515# Nine O'clock</a> (1998-10-23) reports that the switch occurred at 1516# 04:00 local time in fall 1998. For lack of better info, 1517# assume that Romania and Moldova switched to EU rules in 1997, 1518# the same year as Bulgaria. 1519# 1520# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1521Rule Romania 1932 only - May 21 0:00s 1:00 S 1522Rule Romania 1932 1939 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 - 1523Rule Romania 1933 1939 - Apr Sun>=2 0:00s 1:00 S 1524Rule Romania 1979 only - May 27 0:00 1:00 S 1525Rule Romania 1979 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1526Rule Romania 1980 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S 1527Rule Romania 1980 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - 1528Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S 1529Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 1530# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1531Zone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct 1532 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT 1533 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00s 1534 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 1535 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1994 1536 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 1537 2:00 EU EE%sT 1538 1539# Russia 1540 1541# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-11-12): 1542# Except for Moscow after 1919-07-01, I invented the time zone abbreviations. 1543# Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991, 1544# are from Andrey A. Chernov. The rest is from Shanks, except we follow 1545# Chernov's report that 1992 DST transitions were Sat 23:00, not Sun 02:00s. 1546# 1547# From Andrey A. Chernov <ache@nagual.ru> (1996-10-04): 1548# `MSK' and `MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with 1549# Unix-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group).... 1550# The next step was the UUCP network, the Relcom predecessor 1551# (used mainly for mail), and MSK/MSD was actively used there. 1552# 1553# From Chris Carrier <72157.3334@CompuServe.COM> (1996-10-30): 1554# According to a friend of mine who rode the Trans-Siberian Railroad from 1555# Moscow to Irkutsk in 1995, public air and rail transport in Russia ... 1556# still follows Moscow time, no matter where in Russia it is located. 1557# 1558# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1559Zone Europe/Kaliningrad 1:22:00 - LMT 1893 Apr 1560 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 1561 2:00 Poland CE%sT 1946 1562 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1563 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1564Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:20 - LMT 1880 1565 2:30 - MMT 1916 Jul 3 # Moscow Mean Time 1566 2:30:48 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 2:00 1567 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1922 Oct 1568 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 1569 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1570 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1571 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1572Zone Europe/Samara 3:20:36 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 2:00 1573 3:00 - KUYT 1930 Jun 21 # Kuybyshev 1574 4:00 Russia KUY%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 1575 3:00 Russia KUY%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1576 2:00 Russia KUY%sT 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 1577 3:00 - KUYT 1991 Oct 20 3:00 1578 4:00 Russia SAM%sT # Samara Time 1579Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:24 - LMT 1919 Jul 15 4:00 1580 4:00 - SVET 1930 Jun 21 # Sverdlovsk Time 1581 5:00 Russia SVE%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1582 4:00 Russia SVE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1583 5:00 Russia YEK%sT # Yekaterinburg Time 1584Zone Asia/Omsk 4:53:36 - LMT 1919 Nov 14 1585 5:00 - OMST 1930 Jun 21 # Omsk TIme 1586 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1587 5:00 Russia OMS%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1588 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 1589# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski <S.A.Kuz@iae.nsk.su> (1994-06-29): 1590# But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow! 1591# I do not know why they have decided to make this change; 1592# as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching 1593# so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch. 1594Zone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 14 6:00 1595 6:00 - NOVT 1930 Jun 21 # Novosibirsk Time 1596 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1597 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1598 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1993 May 23 # says Shanks 1599 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 1600Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk 6:11:20 - LMT 1920 Jan 6 1601 6:00 - KRAT 1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time 1602 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1603 6:00 Russia KRA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1604 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1605Zone Asia/Irkutsk 6:57:20 - LMT 1880 1606 6:57:20 - IMT 1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time 1607 7:00 - IRKT 1930 Jun 21 # Irkutsk Time 1608 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1609 7:00 Russia IRK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1610 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 1611Zone Asia/Yakutsk 8:38:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 1612 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time 1613 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1614 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1615 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1616Zone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:44 - LMT 1922 Nov 15 1617 9:00 - VLAT 1930 Jun 21 # Vladivostok Time 1618 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1619 9:00 Russia VLA%sST 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1620 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 1621Zone Asia/Magadan 10:03:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 1622 10:00 - MAGT 1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time 1623 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1624 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1625 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1626# This name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski, but that's too long. 1627Zone Asia/Kamchatka 10:34:36 - LMT 1922 Nov 10 1628 11:00 - PETT 1930 Jun 21 # P-K Time 1629 12:00 Russia PET%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1630 11:00 Russia PET%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1631 12:00 Russia PET%sT 1632Zone Asia/Anadyr 11:49:56 - LMT 1924 May 2 1633 12:00 - ANAT 1930 Jun 21 # Anadyr Time 1634 13:00 Russia ANA%sT 1982 Apr 1 0:00s 1635 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1636 11:00 Russia ANA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1637 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 1638 1639# Slovakia 1640Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava 1641 1642# Slovenia 1643# see Yugoslavia 1644 1645# Spain 1646# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1647# For 1917-1919 Whitman gives Apr Sat>=1 - Oct Sat>=1; go with Shanks. 1648Rule Spain 1917 only - May 5 23:00s 1:00 S 1649Rule Spain 1917 1919 - Oct 6 23:00s 0 - 1650Rule Spain 1918 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 1651Rule Spain 1919 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S 1652# Whitman gives 1921 Feb 28 - Oct 14; go with Shanks. 1653Rule Spain 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S 1654# Whitman gives 1924 Oct 14; go with Shanks. 1655Rule Spain 1924 only - Oct 4 23:00s 0 - 1656Rule Spain 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 1657# Whitman says no DST in 1929; go with Shanks. 1658Rule Spain 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 1659Rule Spain 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 1660Rule Spain 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 1661Rule Spain 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S 1662# Whitman gives 1937 Jun 16, 1938 Apr 16, 1940 Apr 13; go with Shanks. 1663Rule Spain 1937 only - May 22 23:00s 1:00 S 1664Rule Spain 1937 1939 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 1665Rule Spain 1938 only - Mar 22 23:00s 1:00 S 1666Rule Spain 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 1667Rule Spain 1940 only - Mar 16 23:00s 1:00 S 1668# Whitman says no DST 1942-1945; go with Shanks. 1669Rule Spain 1942 only - May 2 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer 1670Rule Spain 1942 only - Sep 1 22:00s 1:00 S 1671Rule Spain 1943 1946 - Apr Sat>=13 22:00s 2:00 M 1672Rule Spain 1943 only - Oct 3 22:00s 1:00 S 1673Rule Spain 1944 only - Oct 10 22:00s 1:00 S 1674Rule Spain 1945 only - Sep 30 1:00 1:00 S 1675Rule Spain 1946 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 1676Rule Spain 1949 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S 1677Rule Spain 1949 only - Sep 30 1:00 0 - 1678Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Apr Sat>=13 23:00 1:00 S 1679Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 - 1680Rule Spain 1976 only - Mar 27 23:00 1:00 S 1681Rule Spain 1976 1977 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - 1682Rule Spain 1977 1978 - Apr 2 23:00 1:00 S 1683Rule Spain 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 1684# The following rules are copied from Morocco from 1967 through 1978. 1685Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S 1686Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1687Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S 1688Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 1689Rule SpainAfrica 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1690Rule SpainAfrica 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 1691Rule SpainAfrica 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 1692Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 1693Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - 1694# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1695Zone Europe/Madrid -0:14:44 - LMT 1901 1696 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1946 Sep 30 1697 1:00 Spain CE%sT 1979 1698 1:00 EU CE%sT 1699Zone Africa/Ceuta -0:21:16 - LMT 1901 1700 0:00 - WET 1918 May 6 23:00 1701 0:00 1:00 WEST 1918 Oct 7 23:00 1702 0:00 - WET 1924 1703 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1929 1704 0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT 1984 Mar 16 1705 1:00 - CET 1986 1706 1:00 EU CE%sT 1707Zone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C. 1708 -1:00 - CANT 1946 Sep 30 1:00 # Canaries Time 1709 0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s 1710 0:00 1:00 WEST 1980 Sep 28 0:00s 1711 0:00 EU WE%sT 1712# IATA SSIM (1996-09) says the Canaries switch at 2:00u, not 1:00u. 1713# Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU. 1714 1715# Sweden 1716# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1717Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1878 May 31 1718 1:12:12 - SMT 1900 Jan 1 1:00 # Stockholm MT 1719 1:00 - CET 1916 Apr 14 23:00s 1720 1:00 1:00 CEST 1916 Sep 30 23:00s 1721 1:00 - CET 1980 1722 1:00 EU CE%sT 1723 1724# Switzerland 1725# From Howse: 1726# By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace 1727# and their performance improved enormously. Communities began to keep 1728# mean time in preference to apparent time -- Geneva from 1780 .... 1729# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1730# From Whitman (who writes ``Midnight?''): 1731Rule Swiss 1940 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S 1732Rule Swiss 1940 only - Dec 31 0:00 0 - 1733# From Shanks: 1734Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 1735Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 1736# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1737Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1848 Sep 12 1738 0:29:44 - BMT 1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time 1739 1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981 1740 1:00 EU CE%sT 1741 1742# Turkey 1743# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1744Rule Turkey 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1745Rule Turkey 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1746Rule Turkey 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S 1747Rule Turkey 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 - 1748Rule Turkey 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 1749Rule Turkey 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 1750Rule Turkey 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 1751Rule Turkey 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 1752# Whitman gives 1923 Apr 28 - Sep 16 and no DST in 1924-1925; go with Shanks. 1753Rule Turkey 1924 only - May 13 0:00 1:00 S 1754Rule Turkey 1924 1925 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1755Rule Turkey 1925 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1756Rule Turkey 1940 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 S 1757Rule Turkey 1940 only - Oct 5 0:00 0 - 1758Rule Turkey 1940 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S 1759Rule Turkey 1941 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 1760Rule Turkey 1942 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 1761# Whitman omits the next two transition and gives 1945 Oct 1; go with Shanks. 1762Rule Turkey 1942 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 1763Rule Turkey 1945 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 S 1764Rule Turkey 1945 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 1765Rule Turkey 1946 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 1766Rule Turkey 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1767Rule Turkey 1947 1948 - Apr Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S 1768Rule Turkey 1947 1950 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 - 1769Rule Turkey 1949 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S 1770Rule Turkey 1950 only - Apr 19 0:00 1:00 S 1771Rule Turkey 1951 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S 1772Rule Turkey 1951 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 1773Rule Turkey 1962 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S 1774Rule Turkey 1962 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 1775Rule Turkey 1964 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 1776Rule Turkey 1964 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1777Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - May Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 S 1778Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 - 1779Rule Turkey 1973 only - Jun 3 1:00 1:00 S 1780Rule Turkey 1973 only - Nov 4 3:00 0 - 1781Rule Turkey 1974 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S 1782Rule Turkey 1974 only - Nov 3 5:00 0 - 1783Rule Turkey 1975 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S 1784Rule Turkey 1975 1976 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 1785Rule Turkey 1976 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 1786Rule Turkey 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 1787Rule Turkey 1977 only - Oct 16 0:00 0 - 1788Rule Turkey 1979 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 3:00 1:00 S 1789Rule Turkey 1979 1982 - Oct Mon>=11 0:00 0 - 1790Rule Turkey 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 3:00 1:00 S 1791Rule Turkey 1983 only - Jul 31 0:00 1:00 S 1792Rule Turkey 1983 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 1793Rule Turkey 1985 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 S 1794Rule Turkey 1985 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 1795# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1796Zone Europe/Istanbul 1:55:52 - LMT 1880 1797 1:56:56 - IMT 1910 Oct # Istanbul Mean Time? 1798 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1978 Oct 15 1799 3:00 Turkey TR%sT 1985 Apr 20 # Turkey Time 1800 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1986 1801 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 1802 2:00 EU EE%sT 1803Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents. 1804 1805# Ukraine 1806# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1807# Most of Ukraine since 1970 has been like Kiev. 1808Zone Europe/Kiev 2:02:04 - LMT 1880 1809 2:02:04 - KMT 1924 May 2 # Kiev Mean Time 1810 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 1811 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 20 1812 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Nov 6 1813 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 1814 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 1815 2:00 - EET 1992 1816 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 1817 2:00 EU EE%sT 1818# Ruthenia used CET 1990/1991. 1819Zone Europe/Uzhgorod 1:29:12 - LMT 1890 Oct 1820 1:00 - CET 1940 1821 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 1822 1:00 1:00 CEST 1944 Oct 26 1823 1:00 - CET 1945 Jun 29 1824 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 1825 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 1826 1:00 - CET 1991 Mar 31 3:00 1827 2:00 - EET 1992 1828 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 1829 2:00 EU EE%sT 1830# Zaporozh'ye and eastern Lugansk oblasts observed DST 1990/1991. 1831# Zaporozh'ye has an apostrophe, but Posix file names can't have apostrophes. 1832Zone Europe/Zaporozhye 2:20:40 - LMT 1880 1833 2:20 - CUT 1924 May 2 # Central Ukraine T 1834 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 1835 3:00 - MSK 1941 Aug 25 1836 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Oct 25 1837 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00 1838 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 1839 2:00 EU EE%sT 1840# Central Crimea used Moscow time 1994/1997. 1841Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880 1842 2:16 - SMT 1924 May 2 # Simferopol Mean T 1843 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 1844 3:00 - MSK 1941 Nov 1845 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Apr 13 1846 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 1847 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 1848 2:00 - EET 1992 1849# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-11-12): 1850# The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that central Crimea switched 1851# from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections. 1852# Shanks says ``date of change uncertain'', but implies that it happened 1853# sometime between the 1994 DST switches. For now, guess it changed in May. 1854 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1994 May 1855# From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev. 1856 3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 Mar 31 3:00s 1857 3:00 1:00 MSD 1996 Oct 27 3:00s 1858# IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST. 1859# Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks.
| 1213 1214# Luxembourg 1215# Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways; go with Shanks. 1216# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1217Rule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S 1218Rule Lux 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 1219Rule Lux 1917 only - Apr 28 23:00 1:00 S 1220Rule Lux 1917 only - Sep 17 1:00 0 - 1221Rule Lux 1918 only - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S 1222Rule Lux 1918 only - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 - 1223Rule Lux 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00 1:00 S 1224Rule Lux 1919 only - Oct 5 3:00 0 - 1225Rule Lux 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S 1226Rule Lux 1920 only - Oct 24 2:00 0 - 1227Rule Lux 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00 1:00 S 1228Rule Lux 1921 only - Oct 26 2:00 0 - 1229Rule Lux 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00 1:00 S 1230Rule Lux 1922 only - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 - 1231Rule Lux 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00 1:00 S 1232Rule Lux 1923 only - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 - 1233Rule Lux 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00 1:00 S 1234Rule Lux 1924 1928 - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 - 1235Rule Lux 1925 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S 1236Rule Lux 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 S 1237Rule Lux 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 S 1238Rule Lux 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00 1:00 S 1239Rule Lux 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 S 1240# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1241Zone Europe/Luxembourg 0:24:36 - LMT 1904 Jun 1242 1:00 Lux CE%sT 1918 Nov 25 1243 0:00 Lux WE%sT 1929 Oct 6 2:00s 1244 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 14 3:00 1245 1:00 C-Eur WE%sT 1944 Sep 18 3:00 1246 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977 1247 1:00 EU CE%sT 1248 1249# Macedonia 1250# see Yugoslavia 1251 1252# Malta 1253# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1254Rule Malta 1973 only - Mar 31 0:00s 1:00 S 1255Rule Malta 1973 only - Sep 29 0:00s 0 - 1256Rule Malta 1974 only - Apr 21 0:00s 1:00 S 1257Rule Malta 1974 only - Sep 16 0:00s 0 - 1258Rule Malta 1975 1979 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S 1259Rule Malta 1975 1980 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 1260Rule Malta 1980 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S 1261# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1262Zone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 2 # Valletta 1263 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s 1264 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s 1265 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1973 Mar 31 1266 1:00 Malta CE%sT 1981 1267 1:00 EU CE%sT 1268 1269# Moldova 1270# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1271Zone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1880 1272 1:55 - CMT 1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT 1273 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT 1274 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1940 Aug 15 1275 2:00 1:00 EEST 1941 Jul 17 1276 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 24 1277 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 1278 3:00 - MSK 1990 May 6 1279 2:00 - EET 1991 1280 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 1281 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 1282# See Romania commentary for the guessed 1997 transition to EU rules. 1283 2:00 EU EE%sT 1284Zone Europe/Tiraspol 1:58:32 - LMT 1880 1285 1:55 - CMT 1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT 1286 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT 1287 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1940 Aug 15 1288 2:00 1:00 EEST 1941 Jul 17 1289 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 24 1290 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00 1291 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00 1292 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1293 1294# Monaco 1295# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's more precise 0:09:21. 1296# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1297Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 1298 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 1299 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 1300 1:00 France CE%sT 1977 1301 1:00 EU CE%sT 1302 1303# Netherlands 1304# Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940, 1305# but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time. 1306# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1307# Shanks gives 1916 Apr 30 24:00 and 1916 Oct 1 00:00; go with Whitman. 1308Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time 1309Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time 1310Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST 1311Rule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT 1312# Whitman gives 1918 Apr 14, 1918 Oct 31, and 1921 Sep 28; go with Shanks. 1313Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST 1314Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep Mon>=24 2:00s 0 AMT 1315Rule Neth 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 NST 1316# Whitman gives 1939 Oct 1; go with Shanks. 1317Rule Neth 1922 1936 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 AMT 1318Rule Neth 1923 only - Jun 1 2:00s 1:00 NST 1319Rule Neth 1924 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 NST 1320# Whitman gives 1925 Apr 5; go with Shanks. 1321Rule Neth 1925 only - Jun 5 2:00s 1:00 NST 1322# For 1926 through 1930 Whitman gives Apr 15; go with Shanks. 1323Rule Neth 1926 1931 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST 1324Rule Neth 1932 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST 1325Rule Neth 1933 1936 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST 1326Rule Neth 1937 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST 1327Rule Neth 1937 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S 1328Rule Neth 1937 1939 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 - 1329# Whitman gives 1939 Apr 15 and 1940 Apr 19; go with Shanks. 1330Rule Neth 1938 1939 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 S 1331Rule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 1332Rule Neth 1945 only - May 20 2:00s 0 - 1333# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1334Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:28 - LMT 1892 May 1335 0:19:28 Neth %s 1937 Jul 1336 0:20 Neth NE%sT 1940 May 16 0:40 1337 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 1338 1:00 Neth CE%sT 1977 1339 1:00 EU CE%sT 1340 1341# Norway 1342# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1343# Whitman gives 1916 May 21 - 1916 Oct 21; go with Shanks. 1344Rule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 S 1345Rule Norway 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 1346# Whitman says DST observed 1935-08-11/1942-11-01, then 1943-03-29/10-04, 1347# 1944-04-03/10-02, and 1945-04-01/10-01; go with Shanks. 1348Rule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 1349Rule Norway 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - 1350Rule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 S 1351Rule Norway 1959 1965 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 1352Rule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 S 1353# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1354Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895 1355 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1940 Aug 10 23:00 1356 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 1357 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1980 1358 1:00 EU CE%sT 1359 1360# Svalbard & Jan Mayen 1361Link Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen 1362# From Whitman: 1363# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1364Zone Atlantic/Jan_Mayen -1:00 - EGT 1365 1366# Poland 1367# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1368Rule Poland 1918 1919 - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 1369Rule Poland 1919 only - Apr 15 2:00s 1:00 S 1370# Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks. 1371Rule Poland 1944 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 1372# For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks. 1373Rule Poland 1945 only - Apr 29 0:00 1:00 S 1374Rule Poland 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 1375Rule Poland 1946 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 S 1376Rule Poland 1946 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 - 1377Rule Poland 1947 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 S 1378Rule Poland 1947 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 1379Rule Poland 1948 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 S 1380# Whitman also gives 1949 Apr 9 - 1949 Oct 1; go with Shanks. 1381Rule Poland 1957 only - Jun 2 1:00s 1:00 S 1382Rule Poland 1957 1958 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 1383Rule Poland 1958 only - Mar 30 1:00s 1:00 S 1384Rule Poland 1959 only - May 31 1:00s 1:00 S 1385Rule Poland 1959 1961 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00s 0 - 1386Rule Poland 1960 only - Apr 3 1:00s 1:00 S 1387Rule Poland 1961 1964 - May Sun>=25 1:00s 1:00 S 1388Rule Poland 1962 1964 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 1389# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1390Zone Europe/Warsaw 1:24:00 - LMT 1880 1391 1:24:00 - WMT 1915 Aug 5 # Warsaw Mean Time 1392 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Sep 16 3:00 1393 2:00 Poland EE%sT 1922 Jun 1394 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1940 Jun 23 2:00 1395 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 1396 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1977 Apr 3 1:00 1397 1:00 W-Eur CE%sT 1999 1398# IATA SSIM (1991/1996) gives EU rules, but the _The Warsaw Voice_ 1399# <a href="http://www.warsawvoice.com.pl/v361/NewsInBrief.shtml"> 1400# http://www.warsawvoice.com/pl/v361/NewsInBrief.shtml (1995-09-24) 1401# </a> 1402# says the autumn 1995 switch was at 02:00. 1403# Stick with W-Eur for now. 1404# 1405# From Marcin.Kasperski@softax.com.pl (1999-06-10): 1406# According to my colleagues someone recently decided, that Poland would 1407# follow European Union regulations, so - I think - the matter is not 1408# worth further discussion. 1409# 1410# From Paul Eggert (1999-06-10): 1411# Kasperski also writes that the government futzed with the rules in 1997 1412# or 1998 but he doesn't remember the details. Assume they switched to 1413# EU rules in 1999. 1414 1:00 EU CE%sT 1415 1416# Portugal 1417# 1418# From Rui Pedro Salgueiro <rps@inescca.inescc.pt> (1992-11-12): 1419# Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone 1420# (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC. 1421# 1422# Martin Bruckmann <martin@ua.pt> (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve 1423# that Portugal is reverting to 0:00 by not moving its clocks this spring. 1424# The new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter. 1425# 1426# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-12): 1427# IATA SSIM (1991-09) reports several 1991-09 and 1992-09 transitions 1428# at 02:00u, not 01:00u. Assume that these are typos. 1429# IATA SSIM (1991/1992) reports that the Azores were at -1:00. 1430# IATA SSIM (1993-02) says +0:00; later issues (through 1996-09) say -1:00. 1431# Guess that the Azores changed to EU rules in 1992 (since that's when Portugal 1432# harmonized with the EU), and that they stayed +0:00 that winter. 1433# 1434# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1435# DSH writes that despite Decree 1,469 (1915), the change to the clocks was not 1436# done every year, depending on what Spain did, because of railroad schedules. 1437# Go with Shanks. 1438Rule Port 1916 only - Jun 17 23:00 1:00 S 1439# Whitman gives 1916 Oct 31; go with Shanks. 1440Rule Port 1916 only - Nov 1 1:00 0 - 1441Rule Port 1917 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S 1442Rule Port 1917 1921 - Oct 14 23:00s 0 - 1443Rule Port 1918 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 1444Rule Port 1919 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S 1445Rule Port 1920 only - Feb 29 23:00s 1:00 S 1446Rule Port 1921 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S 1447Rule Port 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S 1448Rule Port 1924 only - Oct 14 23:00s 0 - 1449Rule Port 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 1450Rule Port 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 1451Rule Port 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 1452Rule Port 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 1453Rule Port 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S 1454Rule Port 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 1455# Whitman gives 1931 Oct 8; go with Shanks. 1456Rule Port 1931 1932 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 1457Rule Port 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S 1458# Shanks gives 1934 Apr 4; go with Whitman. 1459Rule Port 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S 1460# Whitman gives 1934 Oct 5; go with Shanks. 1461Rule Port 1934 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 1462# Shanks gives 1935 Apr 30; go with Whitman. 1463Rule Port 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S 1464Rule Port 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 1465# Whitman gives 1937 Apr 2; go with Shanks. 1466Rule Port 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S 1467Rule Port 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S 1468Rule Port 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 1469# Whitman gives 1939 Oct 7; go with Shanks. 1470Rule Port 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 1471Rule Port 1940 only - Feb 24 23:00s 1:00 S 1472# Shanks gives 1940 Oct 7; go with Whitman. 1473Rule Port 1940 1941 - Oct 5 23:00s 0 - 1474Rule Port 1941 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S 1475Rule Port 1942 1945 - Mar Sat>=8 23:00s 1:00 S 1476Rule Port 1942 only - Apr 25 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer 1477Rule Port 1942 only - Aug 15 22:00s 1:00 S 1478Rule Port 1942 1945 - Oct Sat>=24 23:00s 0 - 1479Rule Port 1943 only - Apr 17 22:00s 2:00 M 1480Rule Port 1943 1945 - Aug Sat>=25 22:00s 1:00 S 1481Rule Port 1944 1945 - Apr Sat>=21 22:00s 2:00 M 1482Rule Port 1946 only - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 S 1483Rule Port 1946 only - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 1484Rule Port 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 1485Rule Port 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 1486# Shanks says DST was observed in 1950; go with Whitman. 1487# Whitman gives Oct lastSun for 1952 on; go with Shanks. 1488Rule Port 1951 1965 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 1489Rule Port 1951 1965 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 1490Rule Port 1977 only - Mar 27 0:00s 1:00 S 1491Rule Port 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00s 0 - 1492Rule Port 1978 1979 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 S 1493Rule Port 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1494Rule Port 1979 1982 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 1495Rule Port 1980 only - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S 1496Rule Port 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 1497Rule Port 1983 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 1498# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1499Zone Europe/Lisbon -0:36:32 - LMT 1884 1500 -0:36:32 - LMT 1911 May 24 # Lisbon Mean Time 1501 0:00 Port WE%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 1502 1:00 - CET 1976 Sep 26 1:00 1503 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 1504 0:00 W-Eur WE%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s 1505 1:00 EU CE%sT 1996 Mar 31 1:00u 1506 0:00 EU WE%sT 1507Zone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada 1508 -1:55 - HMT 1911 May 24 # Horta Mean Time 1509 -2:00 Port AZO%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Azores Time 1510 -1:00 Port AZO%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 1511 -1:00 W-Eur AZO%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s 1512 0:00 EU WE%sT 1993 Mar 28 1:00u 1513 -1:00 EU AZO%sT 1514Zone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal 1515 -1:08 - FMT 1911 May 24 # Funchal Mean Time 1516 -1:00 Port MAD%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Madeira Time 1517 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 1518 0:00 EU WE%sT 1519 1520# Romania 1521# 1522# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-07): 1523# <a href="http://www.nineoclock.ro/POL/1778pol.html"> 1524# Nine O'clock</a> (1998-10-23) reports that the switch occurred at 1525# 04:00 local time in fall 1998. For lack of better info, 1526# assume that Romania and Moldova switched to EU rules in 1997, 1527# the same year as Bulgaria. 1528# 1529# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1530Rule Romania 1932 only - May 21 0:00s 1:00 S 1531Rule Romania 1932 1939 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 - 1532Rule Romania 1933 1939 - Apr Sun>=2 0:00s 1:00 S 1533Rule Romania 1979 only - May 27 0:00 1:00 S 1534Rule Romania 1979 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1535Rule Romania 1980 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S 1536Rule Romania 1980 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - 1537Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S 1538Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 1539# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1540Zone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct 1541 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT 1542 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00s 1543 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 1544 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1994 1545 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 1546 2:00 EU EE%sT 1547 1548# Russia 1549 1550# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-11-12): 1551# Except for Moscow after 1919-07-01, I invented the time zone abbreviations. 1552# Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991, 1553# are from Andrey A. Chernov. The rest is from Shanks, except we follow 1554# Chernov's report that 1992 DST transitions were Sat 23:00, not Sun 02:00s. 1555# 1556# From Andrey A. Chernov <ache@nagual.ru> (1996-10-04): 1557# `MSK' and `MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with 1558# Unix-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group).... 1559# The next step was the UUCP network, the Relcom predecessor 1560# (used mainly for mail), and MSK/MSD was actively used there. 1561# 1562# From Chris Carrier <72157.3334@CompuServe.COM> (1996-10-30): 1563# According to a friend of mine who rode the Trans-Siberian Railroad from 1564# Moscow to Irkutsk in 1995, public air and rail transport in Russia ... 1565# still follows Moscow time, no matter where in Russia it is located. 1566# 1567# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1568Zone Europe/Kaliningrad 1:22:00 - LMT 1893 Apr 1569 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 1570 2:00 Poland CE%sT 1946 1571 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1572 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1573Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:20 - LMT 1880 1574 2:30 - MMT 1916 Jul 3 # Moscow Mean Time 1575 2:30:48 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 2:00 1576 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1922 Oct 1577 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 1578 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1579 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1580 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1581Zone Europe/Samara 3:20:36 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 2:00 1582 3:00 - KUYT 1930 Jun 21 # Kuybyshev 1583 4:00 Russia KUY%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 1584 3:00 Russia KUY%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1585 2:00 Russia KUY%sT 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 1586 3:00 - KUYT 1991 Oct 20 3:00 1587 4:00 Russia SAM%sT # Samara Time 1588Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:24 - LMT 1919 Jul 15 4:00 1589 4:00 - SVET 1930 Jun 21 # Sverdlovsk Time 1590 5:00 Russia SVE%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1591 4:00 Russia SVE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1592 5:00 Russia YEK%sT # Yekaterinburg Time 1593Zone Asia/Omsk 4:53:36 - LMT 1919 Nov 14 1594 5:00 - OMST 1930 Jun 21 # Omsk TIme 1595 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1596 5:00 Russia OMS%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1597 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 1598# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski <S.A.Kuz@iae.nsk.su> (1994-06-29): 1599# But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow! 1600# I do not know why they have decided to make this change; 1601# as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching 1602# so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch. 1603Zone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 14 6:00 1604 6:00 - NOVT 1930 Jun 21 # Novosibirsk Time 1605 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1606 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1607 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1993 May 23 # says Shanks 1608 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 1609Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk 6:11:20 - LMT 1920 Jan 6 1610 6:00 - KRAT 1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time 1611 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1612 6:00 Russia KRA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1613 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1614Zone Asia/Irkutsk 6:57:20 - LMT 1880 1615 6:57:20 - IMT 1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time 1616 7:00 - IRKT 1930 Jun 21 # Irkutsk Time 1617 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1618 7:00 Russia IRK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1619 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 1620Zone Asia/Yakutsk 8:38:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 1621 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time 1622 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1623 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1624 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1625Zone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:44 - LMT 1922 Nov 15 1626 9:00 - VLAT 1930 Jun 21 # Vladivostok Time 1627 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1628 9:00 Russia VLA%sST 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1629 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 1630Zone Asia/Magadan 10:03:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 1631 10:00 - MAGT 1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time 1632 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1633 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1634 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1635# This name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski, but that's too long. 1636Zone Asia/Kamchatka 10:34:36 - LMT 1922 Nov 10 1637 11:00 - PETT 1930 Jun 21 # P-K Time 1638 12:00 Russia PET%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1639 11:00 Russia PET%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1640 12:00 Russia PET%sT 1641Zone Asia/Anadyr 11:49:56 - LMT 1924 May 2 1642 12:00 - ANAT 1930 Jun 21 # Anadyr Time 1643 13:00 Russia ANA%sT 1982 Apr 1 0:00s 1644 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1645 11:00 Russia ANA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1646 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 1647 1648# Slovakia 1649Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava 1650 1651# Slovenia 1652# see Yugoslavia 1653 1654# Spain 1655# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1656# For 1917-1919 Whitman gives Apr Sat>=1 - Oct Sat>=1; go with Shanks. 1657Rule Spain 1917 only - May 5 23:00s 1:00 S 1658Rule Spain 1917 1919 - Oct 6 23:00s 0 - 1659Rule Spain 1918 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 1660Rule Spain 1919 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S 1661# Whitman gives 1921 Feb 28 - Oct 14; go with Shanks. 1662Rule Spain 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S 1663# Whitman gives 1924 Oct 14; go with Shanks. 1664Rule Spain 1924 only - Oct 4 23:00s 0 - 1665Rule Spain 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 1666# Whitman says no DST in 1929; go with Shanks. 1667Rule Spain 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 1668Rule Spain 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 1669Rule Spain 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 1670Rule Spain 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S 1671# Whitman gives 1937 Jun 16, 1938 Apr 16, 1940 Apr 13; go with Shanks. 1672Rule Spain 1937 only - May 22 23:00s 1:00 S 1673Rule Spain 1937 1939 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 1674Rule Spain 1938 only - Mar 22 23:00s 1:00 S 1675Rule Spain 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 1676Rule Spain 1940 only - Mar 16 23:00s 1:00 S 1677# Whitman says no DST 1942-1945; go with Shanks. 1678Rule Spain 1942 only - May 2 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer 1679Rule Spain 1942 only - Sep 1 22:00s 1:00 S 1680Rule Spain 1943 1946 - Apr Sat>=13 22:00s 2:00 M 1681Rule Spain 1943 only - Oct 3 22:00s 1:00 S 1682Rule Spain 1944 only - Oct 10 22:00s 1:00 S 1683Rule Spain 1945 only - Sep 30 1:00 1:00 S 1684Rule Spain 1946 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 1685Rule Spain 1949 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S 1686Rule Spain 1949 only - Sep 30 1:00 0 - 1687Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Apr Sat>=13 23:00 1:00 S 1688Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 - 1689Rule Spain 1976 only - Mar 27 23:00 1:00 S 1690Rule Spain 1976 1977 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - 1691Rule Spain 1977 1978 - Apr 2 23:00 1:00 S 1692Rule Spain 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 1693# The following rules are copied from Morocco from 1967 through 1978. 1694Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S 1695Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1696Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S 1697Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 1698Rule SpainAfrica 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1699Rule SpainAfrica 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 1700Rule SpainAfrica 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 1701Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 1702Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - 1703# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1704Zone Europe/Madrid -0:14:44 - LMT 1901 1705 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1946 Sep 30 1706 1:00 Spain CE%sT 1979 1707 1:00 EU CE%sT 1708Zone Africa/Ceuta -0:21:16 - LMT 1901 1709 0:00 - WET 1918 May 6 23:00 1710 0:00 1:00 WEST 1918 Oct 7 23:00 1711 0:00 - WET 1924 1712 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1929 1713 0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT 1984 Mar 16 1714 1:00 - CET 1986 1715 1:00 EU CE%sT 1716Zone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C. 1717 -1:00 - CANT 1946 Sep 30 1:00 # Canaries Time 1718 0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s 1719 0:00 1:00 WEST 1980 Sep 28 0:00s 1720 0:00 EU WE%sT 1721# IATA SSIM (1996-09) says the Canaries switch at 2:00u, not 1:00u. 1722# Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU. 1723 1724# Sweden 1725# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1726Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1878 May 31 1727 1:12:12 - SMT 1900 Jan 1 1:00 # Stockholm MT 1728 1:00 - CET 1916 Apr 14 23:00s 1729 1:00 1:00 CEST 1916 Sep 30 23:00s 1730 1:00 - CET 1980 1731 1:00 EU CE%sT 1732 1733# Switzerland 1734# From Howse: 1735# By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace 1736# and their performance improved enormously. Communities began to keep 1737# mean time in preference to apparent time -- Geneva from 1780 .... 1738# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1739# From Whitman (who writes ``Midnight?''): 1740Rule Swiss 1940 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S 1741Rule Swiss 1940 only - Dec 31 0:00 0 - 1742# From Shanks: 1743Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 1744Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 1745# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1746Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1848 Sep 12 1747 0:29:44 - BMT 1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time 1748 1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981 1749 1:00 EU CE%sT 1750 1751# Turkey 1752# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1753Rule Turkey 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1754Rule Turkey 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1755Rule Turkey 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S 1756Rule Turkey 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 - 1757Rule Turkey 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 1758Rule Turkey 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 1759Rule Turkey 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 1760Rule Turkey 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 1761# Whitman gives 1923 Apr 28 - Sep 16 and no DST in 1924-1925; go with Shanks. 1762Rule Turkey 1924 only - May 13 0:00 1:00 S 1763Rule Turkey 1924 1925 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1764Rule Turkey 1925 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1765Rule Turkey 1940 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 S 1766Rule Turkey 1940 only - Oct 5 0:00 0 - 1767Rule Turkey 1940 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S 1768Rule Turkey 1941 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 1769Rule Turkey 1942 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 1770# Whitman omits the next two transition and gives 1945 Oct 1; go with Shanks. 1771Rule Turkey 1942 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 1772Rule Turkey 1945 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 S 1773Rule Turkey 1945 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 1774Rule Turkey 1946 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 1775Rule Turkey 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1776Rule Turkey 1947 1948 - Apr Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S 1777Rule Turkey 1947 1950 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 - 1778Rule Turkey 1949 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S 1779Rule Turkey 1950 only - Apr 19 0:00 1:00 S 1780Rule Turkey 1951 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S 1781Rule Turkey 1951 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 1782Rule Turkey 1962 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S 1783Rule Turkey 1962 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 1784Rule Turkey 1964 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 1785Rule Turkey 1964 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1786Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - May Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 S 1787Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 - 1788Rule Turkey 1973 only - Jun 3 1:00 1:00 S 1789Rule Turkey 1973 only - Nov 4 3:00 0 - 1790Rule Turkey 1974 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S 1791Rule Turkey 1974 only - Nov 3 5:00 0 - 1792Rule Turkey 1975 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S 1793Rule Turkey 1975 1976 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 1794Rule Turkey 1976 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 1795Rule Turkey 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 1796Rule Turkey 1977 only - Oct 16 0:00 0 - 1797Rule Turkey 1979 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 3:00 1:00 S 1798Rule Turkey 1979 1982 - Oct Mon>=11 0:00 0 - 1799Rule Turkey 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 3:00 1:00 S 1800Rule Turkey 1983 only - Jul 31 0:00 1:00 S 1801Rule Turkey 1983 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 1802Rule Turkey 1985 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 S 1803Rule Turkey 1985 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 1804# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1805Zone Europe/Istanbul 1:55:52 - LMT 1880 1806 1:56:56 - IMT 1910 Oct # Istanbul Mean Time? 1807 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1978 Oct 15 1808 3:00 Turkey TR%sT 1985 Apr 20 # Turkey Time 1809 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1986 1810 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 1811 2:00 EU EE%sT 1812Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents. 1813 1814# Ukraine 1815# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1816# Most of Ukraine since 1970 has been like Kiev. 1817Zone Europe/Kiev 2:02:04 - LMT 1880 1818 2:02:04 - KMT 1924 May 2 # Kiev Mean Time 1819 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 1820 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 20 1821 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Nov 6 1822 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 1823 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 1824 2:00 - EET 1992 1825 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 1826 2:00 EU EE%sT 1827# Ruthenia used CET 1990/1991. 1828Zone Europe/Uzhgorod 1:29:12 - LMT 1890 Oct 1829 1:00 - CET 1940 1830 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 1831 1:00 1:00 CEST 1944 Oct 26 1832 1:00 - CET 1945 Jun 29 1833 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 1834 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 1835 1:00 - CET 1991 Mar 31 3:00 1836 2:00 - EET 1992 1837 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 1838 2:00 EU EE%sT 1839# Zaporozh'ye and eastern Lugansk oblasts observed DST 1990/1991. 1840# Zaporozh'ye has an apostrophe, but Posix file names can't have apostrophes. 1841Zone Europe/Zaporozhye 2:20:40 - LMT 1880 1842 2:20 - CUT 1924 May 2 # Central Ukraine T 1843 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 1844 3:00 - MSK 1941 Aug 25 1845 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Oct 25 1846 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00 1847 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 1848 2:00 EU EE%sT 1849# Central Crimea used Moscow time 1994/1997. 1850Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880 1851 2:16 - SMT 1924 May 2 # Simferopol Mean T 1852 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 1853 3:00 - MSK 1941 Nov 1854 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Apr 13 1855 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 1856 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 1857 2:00 - EET 1992 1858# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-11-12): 1859# The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that central Crimea switched 1860# from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections. 1861# Shanks says ``date of change uncertain'', but implies that it happened 1862# sometime between the 1994 DST switches. For now, guess it changed in May. 1863 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1994 May 1864# From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev. 1865 3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 Mar 31 3:00s 1866 3:00 1:00 MSD 1996 Oct 27 3:00s 1867# IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST. 1868# Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks.
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1860 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u
| 1869 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1997 1870 3:00 - MSK 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u
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1861 2:00 EU EE%sT 1862 1863# Yugoslavia 1864# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1865Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884 1866 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 1867 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s 1868 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s 1869# Metod Kozelj <metod.kozelj@rzs-hm.si> reports that the legal date of 1870# transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time. 1871# Shanks doesn't give as much detail, so go with Kozelj. 1872 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27 1873 1:00 EU CE%sT 1874Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana # Slovenia 1875Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Sarajevo # Bosnia and Herzegovina 1876Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Skopje # Macedonia 1877Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Zagreb # Croatia 1878 1879############################################################################### 1880 1881# One source shows that Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, and Greece observe DST from 1882# the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in September in 1986. 1883# The source shows Romania changing a day later than everybody else. 1884# 1885# According to Bernard Sieloff's source, Poland is in the MET time zone but 1886# uses the WE DST rules. The Western USSR uses EET+1 and ME DST rules. 1887# Bernard Sieloff's source claims Romania switches on the same day, but at 1888# 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST). It also claims that Turkey 1889# switches on the same day, but switches on at 01:00 standard time 1890# and off at 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST) 1891 1892# ... 1893# Date: Wed, 28 Jan 87 16:56:27 -0100 1894# From: seismo!mcvax!cgcha!wtho (Tom Hofmann) 1895# Message-Id: <8701281556.AA22174@cgcha.uucp> 1896# ... 1897# 1898# ...the European time rules are...standardized since 1981, when 1899# most European coun[tr]ies started DST. Before that year, only 1900# a few countries (UK, France, Italy) had DST, each according 1901# to own national rules. In 1981, however, DST started on 1902# 'Apr firstSun', and not on 'Mar lastSun' as in the following 1903# years... 1904# But also since 1981 there are some more national exceptions 1905# than listed in 'europe': Switzerland, for example, joined DST 1906# one year later, Denmark ended DST on 'Oct 1' instead of 'Sep 1907# lastSun' in 1981---I don't know how they handle now. 1908# 1909# Finally, DST ist always from 'Apr 1' to 'Oct 1' in the 1910# Soviet Union (as far as I know). 1911# 1912# Tom Hofmann, Scientific Computer Center, CIBA-GEIGY AG, 1913# 4002 Basle, Switzerland 1914# UUCP: ...!mcvax!cernvax!cgcha!wtho 1915 1916# ... 1917# Date: Wed, 4 Feb 87 22:35:22 +0100 1918# From: seismo!mcvax!cwi.nl!dik (Dik T. Winter) 1919# ... 1920# 1921# The information from Tom Hofmann is (as far as I know) not entirely correct. 1922# After a request from chongo at amdahl I tried to retrieve all information 1923# about DST in Europe. I was able to find all from about 1969. 1924# 1925# ...standardization on DST in Europe started in about 1977 with switches on 1926# first Sunday in April and last Sunday in September... 1927# In 1981 UK joined Europe insofar that 1928# the starting day for both shifted to last Sunday in March. And from 1982 1929# the whole of Europe used DST, with switch dates April 1 and October 1 in 1930# the Sov[i]et Union. In 1985 the SU reverted to standard Europe[a]n switch 1931# dates... 1932# 1933# It should also be remembered that time-zones are not constants; e.g. 1934# Portugal switched in 1976 from MET (or CET) to WET with DST... 1935# Note also that though there were rules for switch dates not 1936# all countries abided to these dates, and many individual deviations 1937# occurred, though not since 1982 I believe. Another note: it is always 1938# assumed that DST is 1 hour ahead of normal time, this need not be the 1939# case; at least in the Netherlands there have been times when DST was 2 hours 1940# in advance of normal time. 1941# 1942# ... 1943# dik t. winter, cwi, amsterdam, nederland 1944# INTERNET : dik@cwi.nl 1945# BITNET/EARN: dik@mcvax 1946 1947# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28): 1948# ... 1949# Greece: Last Sunday in April to last Sunday in September (iffy on dates). 1950# Since 1978. Change at midnight. 1951# ... 1952# Monaco: has same DST as France. 1953# ...
| 1871 2:00 EU EE%sT 1872 1873# Yugoslavia 1874# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1875Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884 1876 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 1877 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s 1878 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s 1879# Metod Kozelj <metod.kozelj@rzs-hm.si> reports that the legal date of 1880# transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time. 1881# Shanks doesn't give as much detail, so go with Kozelj. 1882 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27 1883 1:00 EU CE%sT 1884Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana # Slovenia 1885Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Sarajevo # Bosnia and Herzegovina 1886Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Skopje # Macedonia 1887Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Zagreb # Croatia 1888 1889############################################################################### 1890 1891# One source shows that Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, and Greece observe DST from 1892# the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in September in 1986. 1893# The source shows Romania changing a day later than everybody else. 1894# 1895# According to Bernard Sieloff's source, Poland is in the MET time zone but 1896# uses the WE DST rules. The Western USSR uses EET+1 and ME DST rules. 1897# Bernard Sieloff's source claims Romania switches on the same day, but at 1898# 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST). It also claims that Turkey 1899# switches on the same day, but switches on at 01:00 standard time 1900# and off at 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST) 1901 1902# ... 1903# Date: Wed, 28 Jan 87 16:56:27 -0100 1904# From: seismo!mcvax!cgcha!wtho (Tom Hofmann) 1905# Message-Id: <8701281556.AA22174@cgcha.uucp> 1906# ... 1907# 1908# ...the European time rules are...standardized since 1981, when 1909# most European coun[tr]ies started DST. Before that year, only 1910# a few countries (UK, France, Italy) had DST, each according 1911# to own national rules. In 1981, however, DST started on 1912# 'Apr firstSun', and not on 'Mar lastSun' as in the following 1913# years... 1914# But also since 1981 there are some more national exceptions 1915# than listed in 'europe': Switzerland, for example, joined DST 1916# one year later, Denmark ended DST on 'Oct 1' instead of 'Sep 1917# lastSun' in 1981---I don't know how they handle now. 1918# 1919# Finally, DST ist always from 'Apr 1' to 'Oct 1' in the 1920# Soviet Union (as far as I know). 1921# 1922# Tom Hofmann, Scientific Computer Center, CIBA-GEIGY AG, 1923# 4002 Basle, Switzerland 1924# UUCP: ...!mcvax!cernvax!cgcha!wtho 1925 1926# ... 1927# Date: Wed, 4 Feb 87 22:35:22 +0100 1928# From: seismo!mcvax!cwi.nl!dik (Dik T. Winter) 1929# ... 1930# 1931# The information from Tom Hofmann is (as far as I know) not entirely correct. 1932# After a request from chongo at amdahl I tried to retrieve all information 1933# about DST in Europe. I was able to find all from about 1969. 1934# 1935# ...standardization on DST in Europe started in about 1977 with switches on 1936# first Sunday in April and last Sunday in September... 1937# In 1981 UK joined Europe insofar that 1938# the starting day for both shifted to last Sunday in March. And from 1982 1939# the whole of Europe used DST, with switch dates April 1 and October 1 in 1940# the Sov[i]et Union. In 1985 the SU reverted to standard Europe[a]n switch 1941# dates... 1942# 1943# It should also be remembered that time-zones are not constants; e.g. 1944# Portugal switched in 1976 from MET (or CET) to WET with DST... 1945# Note also that though there were rules for switch dates not 1946# all countries abided to these dates, and many individual deviations 1947# occurred, though not since 1982 I believe. Another note: it is always 1948# assumed that DST is 1 hour ahead of normal time, this need not be the 1949# case; at least in the Netherlands there have been times when DST was 2 hours 1950# in advance of normal time. 1951# 1952# ... 1953# dik t. winter, cwi, amsterdam, nederland 1954# INTERNET : dik@cwi.nl 1955# BITNET/EARN: dik@mcvax 1956 1957# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28): 1958# ... 1959# Greece: Last Sunday in April to last Sunday in September (iffy on dates). 1960# Since 1978. Change at midnight. 1961# ... 1962# Monaco: has same DST as France. 1963# ...
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