1# @(#)europe 7.71
2# $FreeBSD: head/share/zoneinfo/europe 58787 2000-03-29 14:01:46Z ru $
| 1# @(#)europe 7.73
|
3
| 2
|
| 3# $FreeBSD: head/share/zoneinfo/europe 64499 2000-08-10 19:36:46Z wollman $
4
|
4# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
5# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
6# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
7
8# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-10-29):
9# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
10# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition),
11# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999).
12#
13# Gwillim Law <Gwil_Law@bridge-point.com> writes that a good source
14# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
15# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
16# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
17# of the IATA's data after 1990.
18#
19# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1991,
20# and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
21#
22# Other sources occasionally used include:
23#
24# Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
25# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated),
26# which I found in the UCLA library.
27#
28# Brazil's Departamento Servico da Hora (DSH),
29# <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HISTHV.htm">
30# History of Summer Time
31# </a> (1998-09-21, in Portuguese)
32
33#
34# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
35# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
36# Corrections are welcome!
37# std dst
38# LMT Local Mean Time
39# -4:00 AST Atlantic
40# -3:00 WGT WGST Western Greenland*
41# -1:00 EGT EGST Eastern Greenland*
42# 0:00 GMT BST Greenwich, British Summer
43# 0:00 GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer
44# 0:00 WET WEST Western Europe
45# 1:00 CET CEST Central Europe
46# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe
47# 3:00 MSK MSD Moscow
48#
49# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones, especially in Britain,
50# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
51
52# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-12-04),
53# The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy,
54# Luxembourg, the Netherlands.
55# Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom.
56# Plus, from 1 Jan 81: Greece.
57# Plus, from 1 Jan 86: Spain, Portugal.
58# Plus, from 1 Jan 95: Austria, Finland, Sweden. (Norway negotiated terms for
59# entry but in a referendum on 28 Nov 94 the people voted No by 52.2% to 47.8%
60# on a turnout of 88.6%. This was almost the same result as Norway's previous
61# referendum in 1972, they are the only country to have said No twice.
62# Referendums in the other three countries voted Yes.)
63# ...
64# Estonia ... uses EU dates but not at 01:00 GMT, they use midnight GMT.
65# I don't think they know yet what they will do from 1996 onwards.
66# ...
67# There shouldn't be any [current members who are not using EU rules].
68# A Directive has the force of law, member states are obliged to enact
69# national law to implement it. The only contentious issue was the
70# different end date for the UK and Ireland, and this was always allowed
71# in the Directive.
72
73
74###############################################################################
75
76# Britain (United Kingdom) and Ireland (Eire)
77
78# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-07-06):
79#
80# On 17 Jan 1994 the Independent, a UK quality newspaper, had a piece about
81# historical vistas along the Thames in west London. There was a photo
82# and a sketch map showing some of the sightlines involved. One paragraph
83# of the text said:
84#
85# `An old stone obelisk marking a forgotten terrestrial meridian stands
86# beside the river at Kew. In the 18th century, before time and longitude
87# was standardised by the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, scholars observed
88# this stone and the movement of stars from Kew Observatory nearby. They
89# made their calculations and set the time for the Horse Guards and Parliament,
90# but now the stone is obscured by scrubwood and can only be seen by walking
91# along the towpath within a few yards of it.'
92#
93# I have a one inch to one mile map of London and my estimate of the stone's
94# position is 51 deg. 28' 30" N, 0 deg. 18' 45" W. The longitude should
95# be within about +-2". The Ordnance Survey grid reference is TQ172761.
96#
97# [This yields GMTOFF = -0:01:15 for London LMT in the 18th century.]
98
99# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1993-11-18):
100#
101# Howse writes that Britain was the first country to use standard time.
102# The railways cared most about the inconsistencies of local mean time,
103# and it was they who forced a uniform time on the country.
104# The original idea was credited to Dr. William Hyde Wollaston (1766-1828)
105# and was popularized by Abraham Follett Osler (1808-1903).
106# The first railway to adopt London time was the Great Western Railway
107# in November 1840; other railways followed suit, and by 1847 most
108# (though not all) railways used London time. On 1847-09-22 the
109# Railway Clearing House, an industry standards body, recommended that GMT be
110# adopted at all stations as soon as the General Post Office permitted it.
111# The transition occurred on 12-01 for the L&NW, the Caledonian,
112# and presumably other railways; the January 1848 Bradshaw's lists many
113# railways as using GMT. By 1855 the vast majority of public
114# clocks in Britain were set to GMT (though some, like the great clock
115# on Tom Tower at Christ Church, Oxford, were fitted with two minute hands,
116# one for local time and one for GMT). The last major holdout was the legal
117# system, which stubbornly stuck to local time for many years, leading
118# to oddities like polls opening at 08:13 and closing at 16:13.
119# The legal system finally switched to GMT when the Statutes (Definition
120# of Time) Act took effect; it received the Royal Assent on 1880-08-02.
121#
122# In the tables below, we condense this complicated story into a single
123# transition date for London, namely 1847-12-01. We don't know as much
124# about Dublin, so we use 1880-08-02, the legal transition time.
125
126# From Paul Eggert (1999-01-30):
127# Summer Time was first seriously proposed by William Willett (1857-1915),
128# a London builder and member of the Royal Astronomical Society
129# who circulated a pamphlet ``The Waste of Daylight'' (1907)
130# that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April,
131# and retarding them by the same amount on four Sundays in September.
132# A bill was drafted in 1909 and introduced in Parliament several times,
133# but it met with ridicule and opposition, especially from farming interests.
134# One-hour Summer Time was eventually adopted as a wartime measure in 1916.
| 5# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
6# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
7# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
8
9# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-10-29):
10# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
11# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition),
12# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999).
13#
14# Gwillim Law <Gwil_Law@bridge-point.com> writes that a good source
15# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
16# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
17# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
18# of the IATA's data after 1990.
19#
20# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1991,
21# and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
22#
23# Other sources occasionally used include:
24#
25# Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
26# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated),
27# which I found in the UCLA library.
28#
29# Brazil's Departamento Servico da Hora (DSH),
30# <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HISTHV.htm">
31# History of Summer Time
32# </a> (1998-09-21, in Portuguese)
33
34#
35# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
36# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
37# Corrections are welcome!
38# std dst
39# LMT Local Mean Time
40# -4:00 AST Atlantic
41# -3:00 WGT WGST Western Greenland*
42# -1:00 EGT EGST Eastern Greenland*
43# 0:00 GMT BST Greenwich, British Summer
44# 0:00 GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer
45# 0:00 WET WEST Western Europe
46# 1:00 CET CEST Central Europe
47# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe
48# 3:00 MSK MSD Moscow
49#
50# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones, especially in Britain,
51# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
52
53# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-12-04),
54# The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy,
55# Luxembourg, the Netherlands.
56# Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom.
57# Plus, from 1 Jan 81: Greece.
58# Plus, from 1 Jan 86: Spain, Portugal.
59# Plus, from 1 Jan 95: Austria, Finland, Sweden. (Norway negotiated terms for
60# entry but in a referendum on 28 Nov 94 the people voted No by 52.2% to 47.8%
61# on a turnout of 88.6%. This was almost the same result as Norway's previous
62# referendum in 1972, they are the only country to have said No twice.
63# Referendums in the other three countries voted Yes.)
64# ...
65# Estonia ... uses EU dates but not at 01:00 GMT, they use midnight GMT.
66# I don't think they know yet what they will do from 1996 onwards.
67# ...
68# There shouldn't be any [current members who are not using EU rules].
69# A Directive has the force of law, member states are obliged to enact
70# national law to implement it. The only contentious issue was the
71# different end date for the UK and Ireland, and this was always allowed
72# in the Directive.
73
74
75###############################################################################
76
77# Britain (United Kingdom) and Ireland (Eire)
78
79# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-07-06):
80#
81# On 17 Jan 1994 the Independent, a UK quality newspaper, had a piece about
82# historical vistas along the Thames in west London. There was a photo
83# and a sketch map showing some of the sightlines involved. One paragraph
84# of the text said:
85#
86# `An old stone obelisk marking a forgotten terrestrial meridian stands
87# beside the river at Kew. In the 18th century, before time and longitude
88# was standardised by the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, scholars observed
89# this stone and the movement of stars from Kew Observatory nearby. They
90# made their calculations and set the time for the Horse Guards and Parliament,
91# but now the stone is obscured by scrubwood and can only be seen by walking
92# along the towpath within a few yards of it.'
93#
94# I have a one inch to one mile map of London and my estimate of the stone's
95# position is 51 deg. 28' 30" N, 0 deg. 18' 45" W. The longitude should
96# be within about +-2". The Ordnance Survey grid reference is TQ172761.
97#
98# [This yields GMTOFF = -0:01:15 for London LMT in the 18th century.]
99
100# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1993-11-18):
101#
102# Howse writes that Britain was the first country to use standard time.
103# The railways cared most about the inconsistencies of local mean time,
104# and it was they who forced a uniform time on the country.
105# The original idea was credited to Dr. William Hyde Wollaston (1766-1828)
106# and was popularized by Abraham Follett Osler (1808-1903).
107# The first railway to adopt London time was the Great Western Railway
108# in November 1840; other railways followed suit, and by 1847 most
109# (though not all) railways used London time. On 1847-09-22 the
110# Railway Clearing House, an industry standards body, recommended that GMT be
111# adopted at all stations as soon as the General Post Office permitted it.
112# The transition occurred on 12-01 for the L&NW, the Caledonian,
113# and presumably other railways; the January 1848 Bradshaw's lists many
114# railways as using GMT. By 1855 the vast majority of public
115# clocks in Britain were set to GMT (though some, like the great clock
116# on Tom Tower at Christ Church, Oxford, were fitted with two minute hands,
117# one for local time and one for GMT). The last major holdout was the legal
118# system, which stubbornly stuck to local time for many years, leading
119# to oddities like polls opening at 08:13 and closing at 16:13.
120# The legal system finally switched to GMT when the Statutes (Definition
121# of Time) Act took effect; it received the Royal Assent on 1880-08-02.
122#
123# In the tables below, we condense this complicated story into a single
124# transition date for London, namely 1847-12-01. We don't know as much
125# about Dublin, so we use 1880-08-02, the legal transition time.
126
127# From Paul Eggert (1999-01-30):
128# Summer Time was first seriously proposed by William Willett (1857-1915),
129# a London builder and member of the Royal Astronomical Society
130# who circulated a pamphlet ``The Waste of Daylight'' (1907)
131# that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April,
132# and retarding them by the same amount on four Sundays in September.
133# A bill was drafted in 1909 and introduced in Parliament several times,
134# but it met with ridicule and opposition, especially from farming interests.
135# One-hour Summer Time was eventually adopted as a wartime measure in 1916.
|
| 136# See:
137# <a href="http://www.the-times.co.uk/news/pages/tim/2000/05/18/x-timcrtcrt01011.html">
138# Summer Time Arrives Early, The Times (2000-05-18)
139# </a>
|
135
136# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
137# The OED Supplement says that the English originally said ``Daylight Saving''
138# when they were debating the adoption of DST in 1908; but by 1916 this
139# term appears only in quotes taken from DST's opponents, whereas the
140# proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using ``Summer''.
141
142# From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-19):
143#
144# A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's
145# known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom.
146
147# Date: 4 Jan 89 08:57:25 GMT (Wed)
148# From: Jonathan Leffler <nih-csl!uunet!mcvax!sphinx.co.uk!john>
149# [British Summer Time] is fixed annually by Act of Parliament.
150# If you can predict what Parliament will do, you should be in
151# politics making a fortune, not computing.
152
153# From Chris Carrier <72157.3334@CompuServe.COM> (1996-06-14):
154# I remember reading in various wartime issues of the London Times the
155# acronym BDST for British Double Summer Time. Look for the published
156# time of sunrise and sunset in The Times, when BDST was in effect, and
157# if you find a zone reference it will say, "All times B.D.S.T."
158
159# From Joseph S. Myers (1999-09-02):
160# ... some military cables (WO 219/4100 - this is a copy from the
161# main SHAEF archives held in the US National Archives, SHAEF/5252/8/516)
162# agree that the usage is BDST (this appears in a message dated 17 Feb 1945).
163
164# Howse writes (p 157) `DBST'; let's assume this is a typo.
165
166# Peter Ilieve <peter@aldie.co.uk> (1998-04-19) described at length
167# the history of summer time legislation in the United Kingdom.
168# Since 1998 Joseph S. Myers <jsm28@cam.ac.uk> has been updating
169# and extending this list, which can be found in
170# <a href="http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/">
171# History of legal time in Britain
172# </a> (2000-02-12).
173
174# From Joseph S. Myers <jsm28@cam.ac.uk> (1998-01-06):
175#
176# The legal time in the UK outside of summer time is definitely GMT, not UTC;
177# see Lord Tanlaw's speech
178# <a href="http://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/ld199697/ldhansrd/pdvn/lds97/text/70611-20.htm#70611-20_head0">
179# (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976)
180# </a>.
181
182# From Paul Eggert (2000-02-17):
183#
184# For lack of other data, we'll follow Shanks for Eire in 1940-1948.
185#
186# Given Ilieve and Myers's data, the following claims by Shanks are incorrect:
187# * Wales did not switch from GMT to daylight saving time until
188# 1921 Apr 3, when they began to conform with the rest of Great Britain.
189# Actually, Wales was identical after 1880.
190# * Eire had two transitions on 1916 Oct 1.
191# It actually just had one transition.
192# * Northern Ireland used single daylight saving time throughout WW II.
193# Actually, it conformed to Britain.
194# * GB-Eire changed standard time to 1 hour ahead of GMT on 1968-02-18.
195# Actually, that date saw the usual switch to summer time.
196# Standard time was not changed until 1968-10-27 (the clocks didn't change).
197#
198# Here is another incorrect claim by Shanks:
199# * Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man did not switch from GMT
200# to daylight saving time until 1921 Apr 3, when they began to
201# conform with Great Britain.
202# S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382 and HO 45/10811/312364 (quoted above) say otherwise.
203#
204# The following claim by Shanks is possible though doubtful;
205# we'll ignore it for now.
206# * Dublin's 1971-10-31 switch was at 02:00, even though London's was 03:00.
207#
208#
209# Whitman says Dublin Mean Time was -0:25:21, which is more precise than Shanks.
210
211# From Paul Eggert (1999-03-28):
212# Clive Feather (<news:859845706.26043.0@office.demon.net>, 1997-03-31)
213# reports that Folkestone (Cheriton) Shuttle Terminal uses Concession Time
214# (CT), equivalent to French civil time.
215# Julian Hill (<news:36118128.5A14@virgin.net>, 1998-09-30) reports that
216# trains between Dollands Moor (the freight facility next door)
217# and Frethun run in CT.
218# My admittedly uninformed guess is that the terminal has two authorities,
219# the French concession operators and the British civil authorities,
220# and that the time depends on who you're talking to.
221# If, say, the British police were called to the station for some reason,
222# I would expect the official police report to use GMT/BST and not CET/CEST.
223# This is a borderline case, but for now let's stick to GMT/BST.
224
225# From an anonymous contributor (1996-06-02):
226# The law governing time in Ireland is under Statutory Instrument SI 395/94,
227# which gives force to European Union 7th Council Directive # 94/21/EC.
228# Under this directive, the Minister for Justice in Ireland makes appropriate
229# regulations. I spoke this morning with the Secretary of the Department of
230# Justice (tel +353 1 678 9711) who confirmed to me that the correct name is
231# "Irish Summer Time", abbreviated to "IST".
232
233# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
234# Summer Time Act, 1916
235Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - May 21 2:00s 1:00 BST
236Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 GMT
237# S.R.&O. 1917, No. 358
238Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 BST
239Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 GMT
240# S.R.&O. 1918, No. 274
241Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Mar 24 2:00s 1:00 BST
242Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Sep 30 2:00s 0 GMT
243# S.R.&O. 1919, No. 297
244Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 BST
245Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Sep 29 2:00s 0 GMT
246# S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458
247Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Mar 28 2:00s 1:00 BST
248# S.R.&O. 1920, No. 1844
249Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Oct 25 2:00s 0 GMT
250# S.R.&O. 1921, No. 363
251Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST
252Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 GMT
253# S.R.&O. 1922, No. 264
254Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 BST
255Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Oct 8 2:00s 0 GMT
256# The Summer Time Act, 1922
257Rule GB-Eire 1923 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
258Rule GB-Eire 1923 1924 - Sep Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT
259Rule GB-Eire 1924 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
260Rule GB-Eire 1925 1926 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
261# The Summer Time Act, 1925
262Rule GB-Eire 1925 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT
263Rule GB-Eire 1927 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
264Rule GB-Eire 1928 1929 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
265Rule GB-Eire 1930 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
266Rule GB-Eire 1931 1932 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
267Rule GB-Eire 1933 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
268Rule GB-Eire 1934 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
269Rule GB-Eire 1935 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
270Rule GB-Eire 1936 1937 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
271Rule GB-Eire 1938 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
272Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
273# S.R.&O. 1939, No. 1379
274Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Nov Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT
275# S.R.&O. 1940, No. 172 and No. 1883
276Rule GB-Eire 1940 only - Feb Sun>=23 2:00s 1:00 BST
277# S.R.&O. 1941, No. 476
278Rule GB-Eire 1941 only - May Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST
279Rule GB-Eire 1941 1943 - Aug Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST
280# S.R.&O. 1942, No. 506
281Rule GB-Eire 1942 1944 - Apr Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST
282# S.R.&O. 1944, No. 932
283Rule GB-Eire 1944 only - Sep Sun>=16 1:00s 1:00 BST
284# S.R.&O. 1945, No. 312
285Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Apr Mon>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST
286Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Jul Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST
287# S.R.&O. 1945, No. 1208
288Rule GB-Eire 1945 1946 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT
289Rule GB-Eire 1946 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
290# The Summer Time Act, 1947
291Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Mar 16 2:00s 1:00 BST
292Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Apr 13 1:00s 2:00 BDST
293Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Aug 10 1:00s 1:00 BST
294Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 GMT
295# Summer Time Order, 1948 (S.I. 1948/495)
296Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Mar 14 2:00s 1:00 BST
297Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Oct 31 2:00s 0 GMT
298# Summer Time Order, 1949 (S.I. 1949/373)
299Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST
300Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Oct 30 2:00s 0 GMT
301# Summer Time Order, 1950 (S.I. 1950/518)
302# Summer Time Order, 1951 (S.I. 1951/430)
303# Summer Time Order, 1952 (S.I. 1952/451)
304Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Apr Sun>=14 2:00s 1:00 BST
305Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00s 0 GMT
306# revert to the rules of the Summer Time Act, 1925
307Rule GB-Eire 1953 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
308Rule GB-Eire 1953 1960 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT
309Rule GB-Eire 1954 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
310Rule GB-Eire 1955 1956 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
311Rule GB-Eire 1957 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
312Rule GB-Eire 1958 1959 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
313Rule GB-Eire 1960 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
314# Summer Time Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/71)
315# Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/2465)
316# Summer Time Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/81)
317Rule GB-Eire 1961 1963 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 BST
318Rule GB-Eire 1961 1968 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT
319# Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/2101)
320# Summer Time Order, 1964 (S.I. 1964/1201)
321# Summer Time Order, 1967 (S.I. 1967/1148)
322Rule GB-Eire 1964 1967 - Mar Sun>=19 2:00s 1:00 BST
323# Summer Time Order, 1968 (S.I. 1968/117)
324Rule GB-Eire 1968 only - Feb 18 2:00s 1:00 BST
325# The British Standard Time Act, 1968
326# (no summer time)
327# The Summer Time Act, 1972
328Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
329Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT
330# Summer Time Order, 1980 (S.I. 1980/1089)
331# Summer Time Order, 1982 (S.I. 1982/1673)
332# Summer Time Order, 1986 (S.I. 1986/223)
333# Summer Time Order, 1988 (S.I. 1988/931)
334Rule GB-Eire 1981 1995 - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 BST
335Rule GB-Eire 1981 1989 - Oct Sun>=23 1:00u 0 GMT
336# Summer Time Order, 1989 (S.I. 1989/985)
337# Summer Time Order, 1992 (S.I. 1992/1729)
338# Summer Time Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2798)
339Rule GB-Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u 0 GMT
340# Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982)
341# See EU for rules starting in 1996.
342
343# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
344Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Dec 1
345 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27
346 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
347 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996
348 0:00 EU GMT/BST
349Zone Europe/Belfast -0:23:40 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
350 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 # Dublin MT
351 -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s # Irish Summer Time
352 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27
353 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
354 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996
355 0:00 EU GMT/BST
356Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:21 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
357 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 # Dublin MT
358 -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s
359 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1921 Dec 6 # independence
360 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1940 Feb 25 2:00
361 0:00 1:00 IST 1946 Oct 6 2:00
362 0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00
363 0:00 1:00 IST 1947 Nov 2 2:00
364 0:00 - GMT 1948 Apr 18 2:00
365 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1968 Oct 27
366 1:00 - IST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
367 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1996
368 0:00 EU GMT/IST
369
370###############################################################################
371
372# Continental Europe
373
374# EU rules are for the European Union, previously known as the EC, EEC,
375# Common Market, etc.
376
377# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
378Rule EU 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00u 1:00 S
379Rule EU 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
380Rule EU 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00u 0 -
381Rule EU 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
382Rule EU 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
383Rule EU 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 -
384
385# W-Eur differs from EU only in that W-Eur uses standard time.
386Rule W-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S
387Rule W-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
388Rule W-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00s 0 -
389Rule W-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
390Rule W-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
391Rule W-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 -
392
393# Older C-Eur rules are for convenience in the tables.
394# From 1977 on, C-Eur differs from EU only in that C-Eur uses standard time.
395Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S
396Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
397Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S
398Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 -
399Rule C-Eur 1940 only - Apr 1 2:00s 1:00 S
400Rule C-Eur 1942 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 -
401Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00s 1:00 S
402Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00s 0 -
403Rule C-Eur 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S
404# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 7; go with Shanks.
405Rule C-Eur 1944 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 -
406Rule C-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
407Rule C-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
408Rule C-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 -
409Rule C-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
410Rule C-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
411Rule C-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
412
413# E-Eur differs from EU only in that E-Eur switches at midnight local time.
414Rule E-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
415Rule E-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
416Rule E-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
417Rule E-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
418Rule E-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
419Rule E-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
420
421# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
422Rule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 MST # Moscow Summer Time
423Rule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 MMT # Moscow Mean Time
424Rule Russia 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 MDST # Moscow Double Summer Time
425Rule Russia 1918 only - Sep 16 1:00 1:00 MST
426Rule Russia 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 MDST
427Rule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 S
428Rule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 -
429Rule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S
430Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 M # Midsummer
431Rule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 S
432Rule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
433# Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1980-10-24):
434Rule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
435Rule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
436# Act No.967 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1984-09-13), repeated in
437# Act No.227 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1989-03-14):
438Rule Russia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
439Rule Russia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
440#
441Rule Russia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S
442Rule Russia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 -
443Rule Russia 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
444Rule Russia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
445Rule Russia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
446
447# These are for backward compatibility with older versions.
448
449# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
450Zone WET 0:00 EU WE%sT
451Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT
452Zone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT
453Zone EET 2:00 EU EE%sT
454
455# Previous editions of this database used abbreviations like MET DST
456# for Central European Summer Time, but this didn't agree with common usage.
457
458# From Markus Kuhn <mskuhn@unrza3.dialin.rrze.uni-erlangen.de> (1996-07-12):
459# The official German names ... are
460#
461# Mitteleuropaeische Zeit (MEZ) = UTC+01:00
462# Mitteleuropaeische Sommerzeit (MESZ) = UTC+02:00
463#
464# as defined in the German Time Act (Gesetz ueber die Zeitbestimmung (ZeitG),
465# 1978-07-25, Bundesgesetzblatt, Jahrgang 1978, Teil I, S. 1110-1111)....
466# I wrote ... to the German Federal Physical-Technical Institution
467#
468# Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB)
469# Laboratorium 4.41 "Zeiteinheit"
470# Postfach 3345
471# D-38023 Braunschweig
472# phone: +49 531 592-0
473#
474# ... I received today an answer letter from Dr. Peter Hetzel, head of the PTB
475# department for time and frequency transmission. He explained that the
476# PTB translates MEZ and MESZ into English as
477#
478# Central European Time (CET) = UTC+01:00
479# Central European Summer Time (CEST) = UTC+02:00
480
481
482# Albania
483# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
484Rule Albania 1940 only - Jun 16 0:00 1:00 S
485Rule Albania 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 -
486Rule Albania 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S
487Rule Albania 1943 only - Apr 10 3:00 0 -
488Rule Albania 1974 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 S
489Rule Albania 1974 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
490Rule Albania 1975 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
491Rule Albania 1975 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
492Rule Albania 1976 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S
493Rule Albania 1976 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
494Rule Albania 1977 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S
495Rule Albania 1977 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
496Rule Albania 1978 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S
497Rule Albania 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
498Rule Albania 1979 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 S
499Rule Albania 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
500Rule Albania 1980 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 S
501Rule Albania 1980 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
502Rule Albania 1981 only - Apr 26 0:00 1:00 S
503Rule Albania 1981 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 -
504Rule Albania 1982 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S
505Rule Albania 1982 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
506Rule Albania 1983 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 S
507Rule Albania 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
508Rule Albania 1984 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
509# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
510Zone Europe/Tirane 1:19:20 - LMT 1914
511 1:00 - CET 1940 Jun 16
512 1:00 Albania CE%sT 1984 Jul
513 1:00 EU CE%sT
514
515# Andorra
516# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
517Zone Europe/Andorra 0:06:04 - LMT 1901
518 0:00 - WET 1946 Sep 30
519 1:00 - CET 1985 Mar 31 2:00
520 1:00 EU CE%sT
521
522# Austria
523# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
524Rule Austria 1920 only - Apr 5 2:00s 1:00 S
525Rule Austria 1920 only - Sep 13 2:00s 0 -
526Rule Austria 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
527Rule Austria 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 -
528Rule Austria 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S
529Rule Austria 1946 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
530Rule Austria 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S
531Rule Austria 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
532# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
533Zone Europe/Vienna 1:05:20 - LMT 1893 Apr
534 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Jun 16 3:00
535 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1940 Apr 1 2:00
536 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
537 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1981
538 1:00 EU CE%sT
539
540# Belarus
541# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
542Zone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880
543 1:50 - MMT 1924 May 2 # Minsk Mean Time
544 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
545 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 28
546 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul 3
547 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
548 3:00 - MSK 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
549 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
550 2:00 - EET 1992 Mar 29 0:00s
551 2:00 1:00 EEST 1992 Sep 27 0:00s
552 2:00 Russia EE%sT
553
554# Belgium
555#
556# From Paul Eggert (1997-07-02):
557# Entries from 1918 through 1991 are taken from:
558# Annuaire de L'Observatoire Royal de Belgique,
559# Avenue Circulaire, 3, B-1180 BRUXELLES, CLVIIe annee, 1991
560# (Imprimerie HAYEZ, s.p.r.l., Rue Fin, 4, 1080 BRUXELLES, MCMXC),
561# pp 8-9.
562# LMT before 1892 was 0:17:30, according to the official journal of Belgium:
563# Moniteur Belge, Samedi 30 Avril 1892, N.121.
564# Thanks to Pascal Delmoitie <pascal@belnet.be> for these references.
565# The 1918 rules are listed for completeness; they apply to unoccupied Belgium.
566# Assume Brussels switched to WET in 1918 when the armistice took effect.
567#
568# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
569Rule Belgium 1918 only - Mar 9 0:00s 1:00 S
570Rule Belgium 1918 1919 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
571Rule Belgium 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
572Rule Belgium 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S
573Rule Belgium 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 -
574Rule Belgium 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S
575Rule Belgium 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 -
576Rule Belgium 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S
577Rule Belgium 1922 1927 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
578Rule Belgium 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00s 1:00 S
579Rule Belgium 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S
580Rule Belgium 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S
581# DSH writes that a royal decree of 1926-02-22 specified the Sun following 3rd
582# Sat in Apr (except if it's Easter, in which case it's one Sunday earlier),
583# to Sun following 1st Sat in Oct, and that a royal decree of 1928-09-15
584# changed the transition times to 02:00 GMT.
585Rule Belgium 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S
586Rule Belgium 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S
587Rule Belgium 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S
588Rule Belgium 1928 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 -
589Rule Belgium 1929 only - Apr 21 2:00s 1:00 S
590Rule Belgium 1930 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 S
591Rule Belgium 1931 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S
592Rule Belgium 1932 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S
593Rule Belgium 1933 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 S
594Rule Belgium 1934 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S
595Rule Belgium 1935 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S
596Rule Belgium 1936 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S
597Rule Belgium 1937 only - Apr 4 2:00s 1:00 S
598Rule Belgium 1938 only - Mar 27 2:00s 1:00 S
599Rule Belgium 1939 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 S
600Rule Belgium 1939 only - Nov 19 2:00s 0 -
601Rule Belgium 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00s 1:00 S
602Rule Belgium 1944 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 -
603Rule Belgium 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
604Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
605Rule Belgium 1946 only - May 19 2:00s 1:00 S
606Rule Belgium 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 -
607# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
608Zone Europe/Brussels 0:17:30 - LMT 1880
609 0:17:30 - BMT 1892 May 1 12:00 # Brussels MT
610 0:00 - WET 1914 Nov 8
611 1:00 - CET 1916 May 1 0:00
612 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Nov 11 11:00u
613 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 20 2:00s
614 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 3
615 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977
616 1:00 EU CE%sT
617
618# Bosnia and Herzegovina
619# see Yugoslavia
620
621# Bulgaria
622#
623# From Plamen Simenov <P.Simeonov@cnsys.bg> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
624# A document of Government of Bulgaria (No.94/1997) says:
625# EET --> EETDST is in 03:00 Local time in last Sunday of March ...
626# EETDST --> EET is in 04:00 Local time in last Sunday of October
627#
628# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
629Rule Bulg 1979 only - Mar 31 23:00 1:00 S
630Rule Bulg 1979 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
631Rule Bulg 1980 1982 - Apr Sat<=7 23:00 1:00 S
632Rule Bulg 1980 only - Sep 29 1:00 0 -
633Rule Bulg 1981 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 -
634# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
635Zone Europe/Sofia 1:33:16 - LMT 1880
636 1:56:56 - IMT 1894 Nov 30 # Istanbul MT?
637 2:00 - EET 1942 Nov 2 3:00
638 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 3:00
639 2:00 - EET 1979 Mar 31 23:00
640 2:00 Bulg EE%sT 1982 Sep 26 2:00
641 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991
642 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997
643 2:00 EU EE%sT
644
645# Croatia
646# see Yugosloavia
647
648# Czech Republic
649# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
650Rule Czech 1945 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S
651Rule Czech 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 -
652Rule Czech 1946 only - May 6 2:00s 1:00 S
653Rule Czech 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
654Rule Czech 1947 only - Apr 20 2:00s 1:00 S
655Rule Czech 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
656Rule Czech 1949 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 S
657# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
658Zone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850
659 0:57:44 - PMT 1891 Oct # Prague Mean Time
660 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 17 2:00s
661 1:00 Czech CE%sT 1979
662 1:00 EU CE%sT
663
664# Denmark, Faeroe Islands, and Greenland
665# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
666Rule Denmark 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S
667Rule Denmark 1916 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 -
668Rule Denmark 1940 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
669Rule Denmark 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
670Rule Denmark 1945 only - Aug 15 2:00s 0 -
671Rule Denmark 1946 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 S
672Rule Denmark 1946 only - Sep 1 2:00s 0 -
673Rule Denmark 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S
674Rule Denmark 1947 only - Aug 10 2:00s 0 -
675Rule Denmark 1948 only - May 9 2:00s 1:00 S
676Rule Denmark 1948 only - Aug 8 2:00s 0 -
677# Whitman also gives 1949 Apr 9 to 1949 Oct 1, and disagrees in minor ways
678# about many of the above dates; go with Shanks.
679#
680# For 1894, Shanks says Jan, Whitman Apr; go with Whitman.
681# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
682Zone Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890
683 0:50:20 - CMT 1894 Apr # Copenhagen Mean Time
684 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
685 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
686 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1980
687 1:00 EU CE%sT
688Zone Atlantic/Faeroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # Torshavn
689 0:00 - WET 1981
690 0:00 EU WE%sT
691#
692# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
693# Greenland joined the EU as part of Denmark, obtained home rule on 1979-05-01,
694# and left the EU on 1985-02-01. It therefore should have been using EU
695# rules at least through 1984. Shanks says Scoresbysund and Godthab
696# used C-Eur rules after 1980, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says they use EU
697# rules since at least 1991. Assume EU rules since 1980.
698
699#
700# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
701Rule Thule 1993 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
702Rule Thule 1993 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
703#
704# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
705Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:29:00 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormit
706 -2:00 - CGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
707 -2:00 C-Eur CG%sT 1981 Mar 29
708 -1:00 EU EG%sT
709Zone America/Godthab -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Nuuk
710 -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
711 -3:00 EU WG%sT
712Zone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik
713 -4:00 Thule A%sT
714
715# Estonia
716# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-10-15):
717# A relative in Tallinn confirms the accuracy of the data for 1989 onwards
718# [through 1994] and gives the legal authority for it,
719# a regulation of the Government of Estonia, No. 111 of 1989....
720#
721# From Peter Ilieve <peter@aldie.co.uk> (1996-10-28):
722# [IATA SSIM (1992/1996) claims that the Baltic republics switch at 01:00s,
723# but a relative confirms that Estonia still switches at 02:00s, writing:]
724# ``I do not [know] exactly but there are some little different
725# (confusing) rules for International Air and Railway Transport Schedules
726# conversion in Sunday connected with end of summer time in Estonia....
727# A discussion is running about the summer time efficiency and effect on
728# human physiology. It seems that Estonia maybe will not change to
729# summer time next spring.''
730
731# From Peter Ilieve <peter@aldie.co.uk> (1998-11-04), heavily edited:
732# <a href="http://trip.rk.ee/cgi-bin/thw?${BASE}=akt&${OOHTML}=rtd&TA=1998&TO=1&AN=1390">
733# The 1998-09-22 Estonian time law
734# </a>
735# refers to the Eighth Directive and cites the association agreement between
736# the EU and Estonia, ratified by the Estonian law (RT II 1995, 22--27, 120).
737#
738# I also asked [my relative] whether they use any standard abbreviation
739# for their standard and summer times. He says no, they use "suveaeg"
740# (summer time) and "talveaeg" (winter time).
741
742# From <a href="http://www.baltictimes.com/">The Baltic Times</a> (1999-09-09)
743# via Steffen Thorsen:
744# This year will mark the last time Estonia shifts to summer time,
745# a council of the ruling coalition announced Sept. 6....
746# But what this could mean for Estonia's chances of joining the European
747# Union are still unclear. In 1994, the EU declared summer time compulsory
748# for all member states until 2001. Brussels has yet to decide what to do
749# after that.
750
751# From Mart Oruaas (2000-01-29):
752# Regulation no. 301 (1999-10-12) obsoletes previous regulation
753# no. 206 (1998-09-22) and thus sticks Estonia to +02:00 GMT for all
754# the year round. The regulation is effective 1999-11-01.
755
756# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
757Zone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880
758 1:39:00 - TMT 1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time
759 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1919 Jul
760 1:39:00 - TMT 1921 May
761 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 6
762 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 15
763 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 22
764 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
765 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep 24 2:00s
766 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 Sep 22
767 2:00 EU EE%sT 1999 Nov 1
768 2:00 - EET
769
770# Finland
771#
772# From Hannu Strang <chs@apu.fi> (25 Sep 1994 06:03:37 UTC):
773# Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one,
774# and it's supposed to change at 4am...
775#
776# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (25 Sep 1994):
777# Shanks says Finland has switched at 02:00 standard time since 1981.
778# Go with Strang instead.
779#
780# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
781Rule Finland 1942 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
782Rule Finland 1942 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
783# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
784Zone Europe/Helsinki 1:39:52 - LMT 1878 May 31
785 1:39:52 - HMT 1921 May # Helsinki Mean Time
786 2:00 Finland EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00
787 2:00 EU EE%sT
788
789# France
790#
791# Shanks seems to use `24:00' ambiguously; we resolve it with Whitman.
792# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
793Rule France 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S
794Rule France 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 -
795Rule France 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S
796Rule France 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S
797Rule France 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
798Rule France 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S
799Rule France 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 -
800Rule France 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S
801Rule France 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 -
802Rule France 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S
803# DSH writes that a law of 1923-05-24 specified 3rd Sat in Apr at 23:00 to 1st
804# Sat in Oct at 24:00; and that in 1930, because of Easter, the transitions
805# were Apr 12 and Oct 5. Go with Shanks.
806Rule France 1922 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
807Rule France 1923 only - May 26 23:00s 1:00 S
808Rule France 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S
809Rule France 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S
810Rule France 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S
811Rule France 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S
812Rule France 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S
813Rule France 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S
814Rule France 1930 only - Apr 12 23:00s 1:00 S
815Rule France 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S
816Rule France 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S
817Rule France 1933 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S
818Rule France 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S
819Rule France 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S
820Rule France 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S
821Rule France 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S
822Rule France 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S
823Rule France 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
824Rule France 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 -
825Rule France 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S
826# The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris,
827# but were used in other places (e.g. Monaco).
828Rule France 1941 only - May 5 0:00 2:00 M # Midsummer
829# Shanks says this transition occurred at Oct 6 1:00,
830# but go with Denis.Excoffier@ens.fr (1997-12-12),
831# who quotes the Ephemerides Astronomiques for 1998 from Bureau des Longitudes
832# as saying 5/10/41 22hUT.
833Rule France 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 S
834Rule France 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 2:00 M
835Rule France 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 1:00 S
836Rule France 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 2:00 M
837Rule France 1943 only - Oct 4 3:00 1:00 S
838Rule France 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00 2:00 M
839Rule France 1944 only - Oct 8 1:00 1:00 S
840Rule France 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 2:00 M
841Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 -
842# Shanks gives Mar 28 2:00 and Sep 26 3:00;
843# go with Excoffier's 28/3/76 0hUT and 25/9/76 23hUT.
844Rule France 1976 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 S
845Rule France 1976 only - Sep 26 1:00 0 -
846# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time, and Whitman gives 0:09:05,
847# but Howse quotes the actual French legislation as saying 0:09:21.
848# Go with Howse. Howse writes that the time in France was officially based
849# on PMT-0:09:21 until 1978-08-09, when the time base finally switched to UTC.
850# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
851Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01
852 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
853# Shanks gives 1940 Jun 14 0:00; go with Excoffier's 14/6/40 22hUT.
854 0:00 France WE%sT 1940 Jun 14 23:00
855 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 25
856 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
857 1:00 France CE%sT 1977
858 1:00 EU CE%sT
859
860# Germany
861
862# From Markus Kuhn <Markus.Kuhn@cl.cam.ac.uk> (1998-09-29):
863# The German time zone web site by the Physikalisch-Technische
864# Bundesanstalt contains DST information back to 1916.
865#
866# <a href="http://www.ptb.de/english/org/4/43/432/lega.htm">
867# Realisation of Legal Time in Germany
868# </a>
869
870# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
871Rule Germany 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
872# Shanks says 05-24 2:00 to 09-24 3:00 for DDST; go with the PTB, who quotes
873# the Archiv fuer publizist. Arbeit (Munzinger-Archiv) 652 (Zeitsystem)
874# (1961-11-25), which gives dates only. Guess 3:00 transition times.
875Rule Germany 1945 only - May 31 3:00 2:00 M # Midsummer
876Rule Germany 1945 only - Sep 23 3:00 1:00 S
877Rule Germany 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 -
878Rule Germany 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S
879Rule Germany 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 -
880Rule Germany 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
881Rule Germany 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S
882# The PTB gives 3:00 CET and 3:00 CEST for the midsummer transition times;
883# go with Shanks.
884Rule Germany 1947 only - May 11 2:00s 2:00 M
885Rule Germany 1947 only - Jun 29 3:00 1:00 S
886Rule Germany 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
887Rule Germany 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S
888# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
889Zone Europe/Berlin 0:53:28 - LMT 1893 Apr
890 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
891 1:00 Germany CE%sT 1980
892 1:00 EU CE%sT
893
894# Gibraltar
895# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
896Zone Europe/Gibraltar -0:21:24 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
897 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1957 Apr 14 2:00
898 1:00 - CET 1982
899 1:00 EU CE%sT
900
901# Greece
902# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
903# Whitman gives 1932 Jul 5 - Nov 1; go with Shanks.
904Rule Greece 1932 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 S
905Rule Greece 1932 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
906# Whitman gives 1941 Apr 25 - ?; go with Shanks.
907Rule Greece 1941 only - Apr 7 0:00 1:00 S
908# Whitman gives 1942 Feb 2 - ?; go with Shanks.
909Rule Greece 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 -
910Rule Greece 1943 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S
911Rule Greece 1943 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
912# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 3 - Oct 31; go with Shanks.
913Rule Greece 1952 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S
914Rule Greece 1952 only - Nov 2 0:00 0 -
915Rule Greece 1975 only - Apr 12 0:00s 1:00 S
916Rule Greece 1975 only - Nov 26 0:00s 0 -
917Rule Greece 1976 only - Apr 11 2:00s 1:00 S
918Rule Greece 1976 only - Oct 10 2:00s 0 -
919Rule Greece 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
920Rule Greece 1977 only - Sep 26 2:00s 0 -
921Rule Greece 1978 only - Sep 24 4:00 0 -
922Rule Greece 1979 only - Apr 1 9:00 1:00 S
923Rule Greece 1979 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 -
924Rule Greece 1980 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
925Rule Greece 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
926# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
927Zone Europe/Athens 1:34:52 - LMT 1895 Sep 14
928 1:34:52 - AMT 1916 Jul 28 0:01 # Athens MT
929 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1941 Apr 30
930 1:00 Greece CE%sT 1944 Apr 4
931 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1981
932 # Shanks says they switched to C-Eur in 1981;
933 # go with EU instead, since Greece joined it on Jan 1.
934 2:00 EU EE%sT
935
936# Hungary
937# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
938Rule Hungary 1918 only - Apr 1 3:00 1:00 S
939Rule Hungary 1918 only - Sep 29 3:00 0 -
940Rule Hungary 1919 only - Apr 15 3:00 1:00 S
941Rule Hungary 1919 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 -
942Rule Hungary 1920 only - Apr 5 3:00 1:00 S
943Rule Hungary 1920 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
944Rule Hungary 1945 only - May 1 23:00 1:00 S
945Rule Hungary 1945 only - Nov 3 0:00 0 -
946Rule Hungary 1946 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S
947Rule Hungary 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
948Rule Hungary 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=4 2:00s 1:00 S
949Rule Hungary 1950 only - Apr 17 2:00s 1:00 S
950Rule Hungary 1950 only - Oct 23 2:00s 0 -
951Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - May 23 0:00 1:00 S
952Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
953Rule Hungary 1956 only - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
954Rule Hungary 1956 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
955Rule Hungary 1957 only - Jun Sun>=1 1:00 1:00 S
956Rule Hungary 1957 only - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 -
957Rule Hungary 1980 only - Apr 6 1:00 1:00 S
958# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
959Zone Europe/Budapest 1:16:20 - LMT 1890 Oct
960 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918
961 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1941 Apr 6 2:00
962 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 1 23:00
963 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1980 Sep 28 2:00s
964 1:00 EU CE%sT
965
966# Iceland
967#
968# From Adam David <adam@veda.is> (1993-11-06):
969# The name of the timezone in Iceland for system / mail / news purposes is GMT.
970#
971# (1993-12-05):
972# This material is paraphrased from the 1988 edition of the University of
973# Iceland Almanak.
974#
975# From January 1st, 1908 the whole of Iceland was standardised at 1 hour
976# behind GMT. Previously, local mean solar time was used in different parts
977# of Iceland, the almanak had been based on Reykjavik mean solar time which
978# was 1 hour and 28 minutes behind GMT.
979#
980# "first day of winter" referred to [below] means the first day of the 26 weeks
981# of winter, according to the old icelandic calendar that dates back to the
982# time the norsemen first settled Iceland. The first day of winter is always
983# Saturday, but is not dependent on the Julian or Gregorian calendars.
984#
985# (1993-12-10):
986# I have a reference from the Oxford Icelandic-English dictionary for the
987# beginning of winter, which ties it to the ecclesiastical calendar (and thus
988# to the julian/gregorian calendar) over the period in question.
989# the winter begins on the Saturday next before St. Luke's day
990# (old style), or on St. Luke's day, if a Saturday.
991# St. Luke's day ought to be traceable from ecclesiastical sources. "old style"
992# might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it
993# might mean something else (???).
994#
995# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-10-29):
996# The Iceland Almanak, Shanks and Whitman disagree on many points.
997# We go with the Almanak, except for one claim from Shanks, namely that
998# Reykavik was 21W57 from 1837 to 1908, local mean time before that.
999#
1000# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1001Rule Iceland 1917 1918 - Feb 19 23:00 1:00 S
1002Rule Iceland 1917 only - Oct 21 1:00 0 -
1003Rule Iceland 1918 only - Nov 16 1:00 0 -
1004Rule Iceland 1939 only - Apr 29 23:00 1:00 S
1005Rule Iceland 1939 only - Nov 29 2:00 0 -
1006Rule Iceland 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S
1007Rule Iceland 1940 only - Nov 3 2:00 0 -
1008Rule Iceland 1941 only - Mar 2 1:00s 1:00 S
1009Rule Iceland 1941 only - Nov 2 1:00s 0 -
1010Rule Iceland 1942 only - Mar 8 1:00s 1:00 S
1011Rule Iceland 1942 only - Oct 25 1:00s 0 -
1012# 1943-1946 - first Sunday in March until first Sunday in winter
1013Rule Iceland 1943 1946 - Mar Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S
1014Rule Iceland 1943 1948 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 -
1015# 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter
1016Rule Iceland 1947 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S
1017# 1949 Oct transition delayed by 1 week
1018Rule Iceland 1949 only - Oct 30 1:00s 0 -
1019Rule Iceland 1950 1966 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 -
1020Rule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 -
1021# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1022Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:27:24 - LMT 1837
1023 -1:27:48 - RMT 1908 # Reykjavik Mean Time?
1024 -1:00 Iceland IS%sT 1968 Apr 7 1:00s
1025 0:00 - GMT
1026
1027# Italy
1028#
1029# From Paul Eggert (1996-05-06):
1030# For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks, Whitman, and F. Pollastri
1031# <a href="http://pisolo.cstv.to.cnr.it/toi/uk/ienitlt.html">
1032# Day-light Saving Time in Italy (1996-03-14)
1033# </a>
1034# (`FP' below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute
1035# publication. When the three sources disagree, guess who's right, as follows:
1036#
1037# year FP Shanks (S) Whitman (W) Go with:
1038# 1916 06-03 06-03 24:00 06-03 00:00 FP & W
1039# 09-30 09-30 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s
1040# 1917 04-01 03-31 24:00 03-31 00:00 FP & S
1041# 09-30 09-29 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP & W
1042# 1918 03-09 03-09 24:00 03-09 00:00 FP & S
1043# 10-06 10-05 24:00 10-06 01:00 FP & W
1044# 1919 03-01 03-01 24:00 03-01 00:00 FP & S
1045# 10-04 10-04 24:00 10-04 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s
1046# 1920 03-20 03-20 24:00 03-20 00:00 FP & S
1047# 09-18 09-18 24:00 10-01 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s
1048# 1944 04-02 04-03 02:00 S (see C-Eur)
1049# 09-16 10-02 03:00 FP; guess 24:00s
1050# 1945 09-14 09-16 24:00 FP; guess 24:00s
1051# 1970 05-21 05-31 00:00 S
1052# 09-20 09-27 00:00 S
1053#
1054# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1055Rule Italy 1916 only - Jun 3 0:00s 1:00 S
1056Rule Italy 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
1057Rule Italy 1917 only - Apr 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1058Rule Italy 1917 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 -
1059Rule Italy 1918 only - Mar 10 0:00s 1:00 S
1060Rule Italy 1918 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 -
1061Rule Italy 1919 only - Mar 2 0:00s 1:00 S
1062Rule Italy 1920 only - Mar 21 0:00s 1:00 S
1063Rule Italy 1920 only - Sep 19 0:00s 0 -
1064Rule Italy 1940 only - Jun 15 0:00s 1:00 S
1065Rule Italy 1944 only - Sep 17 0:00s 0 -
1066Rule Italy 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 S
1067Rule Italy 1945 only - Sep 15 0:00s 0 -
1068Rule Italy 1946 only - Mar 17 2:00s 1:00 S
1069Rule Italy 1946 only - Oct 6 2:00s 0 -
1070Rule Italy 1947 only - Mar 16 0:00s 1:00 S
1071Rule Italy 1947 only - Oct 5 0:00s 0 -
1072Rule Italy 1948 only - Feb 29 2:00s 1:00 S
1073Rule Italy 1948 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 -
1074Rule Italy 1966 1968 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S
1075Rule Italy 1966 1969 - Sep Sun>=22 0:00 0 -
1076Rule Italy 1969 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
1077Rule Italy 1970 only - May 31 0:00 1:00 S
1078Rule Italy 1970 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1079Rule Italy 1971 1972 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S
1080Rule Italy 1971 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
1081Rule Italy 1972 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1082Rule Italy 1973 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 S
1083Rule Italy 1973 1974 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1084Rule Italy 1974 only - May 26 0:00 1:00 S
1085Rule Italy 1975 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1086Rule Italy 1975 1977 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
1087Rule Italy 1976 only - May 30 0:00s 1:00 S
1088Rule Italy 1977 1979 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S
1089Rule Italy 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
1090Rule Italy 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 -
1091# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1092Zone Europe/Rome 0:49:56 - LMT 1866 Sep 22
1093 0:49:56 - RMT 1893 Nov # Rome Mean Time
1094 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
1095 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul
1096 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1980
1097 1:00 EU CE%sT
1098
1099Link Europe/Rome Europe/Vatican
1100Link Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino
1101
1102# Latvia
1103
1104# From Liene Kanepe <Liene_Kanepe@lm.gov.lv> (1998-09-17):
1105
1106# I asked about this matter Scientific Secretary of the Institute of Astronomy
1107# of The University of Latvia Dr. paed Mr. Ilgonis Vilks. I also searched the
1108# correct data in juridical acts and I found some juridical documents about
1109# changes in the counting of time in Latvia from 1981....
1110#
1111# Act No.35 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1981-01-22 ...
1112# according to the Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1980-10-24
1113# ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning
1114# the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on 1 April at 00:00 (GMT 31 March 21:00)
1115# and 1 hour backward on the 1 October at 00:00 (GMT 30 September 20:00).
1116#
1117# Act No.592 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1984-09-24 ...
1118# according to the Act No.967 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1984-09-13
1119# ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning
1120# the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on the last Sunday of March at 02:00
1121# (GMT 23:00 on the previous day) and 1 hour backward on the last Sunday of
1122# September at 03:00 (GMT 23:00 on the previous day).
1123#
1124# Act No.81 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1989-03-22 ...
1125# according to the Act No.227 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1989-03-14
1126# ...: since the last Sunday of March 1989 in Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR,
1127# Estonian SSR and Kaliningrad region of Russian Federation all year round the
1128# time of 2nd time zone (Moscow time minus one hour). On the territory of Latvia
1129# transition to summer time is performed on the last Sunday of March at 02:00
1130# (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour forward. The end of
1131# daylight saving time is performed on the last Sunday of September at 03:00
1132# (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour backward. Exception is
1133# 1989-03-26, when we must not turn the hands of the clock....
1134#
1135# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Latvia of
1136# 1997-01-21 on transition to Summer time ... established the same order of
1137# daylight savings time settings as in the States of the European Union.
1138
1139# From Andrei Ivanov (2000-03-06):
1140# This year Latvia will not switch to Daylight Savings Time (as specified in
1141# <a href="http://www.lv-laiks.lv/wwwraksti/2000/071072/vd4.htm">
1142# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Rep. of Latvia of
1143# 29-Feb-2000 (#79)</a>, in Latvian for subscribers only).
1144
1145# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1146Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
1147Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
1148# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1149Zone Europe/Riga 1:36:24 - LMT 1880
1150 1:36:24 - RMT 1918 Apr 15 2:00 #Riga Mean Time
1151 1:36:24 1:00 LST 1918 Sep 16 3:00 #Latvian Summer
1152 1:36:24 - RMT 1919 Apr 1 2:00
1153 1:36:24 1:00 LST 1919 May 22 3:00
1154 1:36:24 - RMT 1926 May 11
1155 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 5
1156 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jul
1157 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 13
1158 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar lastSun 2:00s
1159 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep lastSun 2:00s
1160 2:00 Latvia EE%sT 1997 Jan 21
1161 2:00 EU EE%sT 2000 Feb 29
1162 2:00 - EET
1163
1164# Liechtenstein
1165# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1166Zone Europe/Vaduz 0:38:04 - LMT 1894 Jun
1167 1:00 - CET 1981
1168 1:00 EU CE%sT
1169
1170# Lithuania
1171
1172# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
1173# IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is
1174# known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it's wrong here too.
1175
1176# From Marius Gedminas <mgedmin@pub.osf.lt> (1998-08-07):
1177# I would like to inform that in this year Lithuanian time zone
1178# (Europe/Vilnius) was changed.
1179
1180# From <a href="http://www.elta.lt/">ELTA</a> No. 972 (2582) (1999-09-29),
1181# via Steffen Thorsen:
1182# Lithuania has shifted back to the second time zone (GMT plus two hours)
1183# to be valid here starting from October 31,
1184# as decided by the national government on Wednesday....
1185# The Lithuanian government also announced plans to consider a
1186# motion to give up shifting to summer time in spring, as it was
1187# already done by Estonia.
1188
| 140
141# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
142# The OED Supplement says that the English originally said ``Daylight Saving''
143# when they were debating the adoption of DST in 1908; but by 1916 this
144# term appears only in quotes taken from DST's opponents, whereas the
145# proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using ``Summer''.
146
147# From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-19):
148#
149# A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's
150# known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom.
151
152# Date: 4 Jan 89 08:57:25 GMT (Wed)
153# From: Jonathan Leffler <nih-csl!uunet!mcvax!sphinx.co.uk!john>
154# [British Summer Time] is fixed annually by Act of Parliament.
155# If you can predict what Parliament will do, you should be in
156# politics making a fortune, not computing.
157
158# From Chris Carrier <72157.3334@CompuServe.COM> (1996-06-14):
159# I remember reading in various wartime issues of the London Times the
160# acronym BDST for British Double Summer Time. Look for the published
161# time of sunrise and sunset in The Times, when BDST was in effect, and
162# if you find a zone reference it will say, "All times B.D.S.T."
163
164# From Joseph S. Myers (1999-09-02):
165# ... some military cables (WO 219/4100 - this is a copy from the
166# main SHAEF archives held in the US National Archives, SHAEF/5252/8/516)
167# agree that the usage is BDST (this appears in a message dated 17 Feb 1945).
168
169# Howse writes (p 157) `DBST'; let's assume this is a typo.
170
171# Peter Ilieve <peter@aldie.co.uk> (1998-04-19) described at length
172# the history of summer time legislation in the United Kingdom.
173# Since 1998 Joseph S. Myers <jsm28@cam.ac.uk> has been updating
174# and extending this list, which can be found in
175# <a href="http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/">
176# History of legal time in Britain
177# </a> (2000-02-12).
178
179# From Joseph S. Myers <jsm28@cam.ac.uk> (1998-01-06):
180#
181# The legal time in the UK outside of summer time is definitely GMT, not UTC;
182# see Lord Tanlaw's speech
183# <a href="http://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/ld199697/ldhansrd/pdvn/lds97/text/70611-20.htm#70611-20_head0">
184# (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976)
185# </a>.
186
187# From Paul Eggert (2000-02-17):
188#
189# For lack of other data, we'll follow Shanks for Eire in 1940-1948.
190#
191# Given Ilieve and Myers's data, the following claims by Shanks are incorrect:
192# * Wales did not switch from GMT to daylight saving time until
193# 1921 Apr 3, when they began to conform with the rest of Great Britain.
194# Actually, Wales was identical after 1880.
195# * Eire had two transitions on 1916 Oct 1.
196# It actually just had one transition.
197# * Northern Ireland used single daylight saving time throughout WW II.
198# Actually, it conformed to Britain.
199# * GB-Eire changed standard time to 1 hour ahead of GMT on 1968-02-18.
200# Actually, that date saw the usual switch to summer time.
201# Standard time was not changed until 1968-10-27 (the clocks didn't change).
202#
203# Here is another incorrect claim by Shanks:
204# * Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man did not switch from GMT
205# to daylight saving time until 1921 Apr 3, when they began to
206# conform with Great Britain.
207# S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382 and HO 45/10811/312364 (quoted above) say otherwise.
208#
209# The following claim by Shanks is possible though doubtful;
210# we'll ignore it for now.
211# * Dublin's 1971-10-31 switch was at 02:00, even though London's was 03:00.
212#
213#
214# Whitman says Dublin Mean Time was -0:25:21, which is more precise than Shanks.
215
216# From Paul Eggert (1999-03-28):
217# Clive Feather (<news:859845706.26043.0@office.demon.net>, 1997-03-31)
218# reports that Folkestone (Cheriton) Shuttle Terminal uses Concession Time
219# (CT), equivalent to French civil time.
220# Julian Hill (<news:36118128.5A14@virgin.net>, 1998-09-30) reports that
221# trains between Dollands Moor (the freight facility next door)
222# and Frethun run in CT.
223# My admittedly uninformed guess is that the terminal has two authorities,
224# the French concession operators and the British civil authorities,
225# and that the time depends on who you're talking to.
226# If, say, the British police were called to the station for some reason,
227# I would expect the official police report to use GMT/BST and not CET/CEST.
228# This is a borderline case, but for now let's stick to GMT/BST.
229
230# From an anonymous contributor (1996-06-02):
231# The law governing time in Ireland is under Statutory Instrument SI 395/94,
232# which gives force to European Union 7th Council Directive # 94/21/EC.
233# Under this directive, the Minister for Justice in Ireland makes appropriate
234# regulations. I spoke this morning with the Secretary of the Department of
235# Justice (tel +353 1 678 9711) who confirmed to me that the correct name is
236# "Irish Summer Time", abbreviated to "IST".
237
238# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
239# Summer Time Act, 1916
240Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - May 21 2:00s 1:00 BST
241Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 GMT
242# S.R.&O. 1917, No. 358
243Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 BST
244Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 GMT
245# S.R.&O. 1918, No. 274
246Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Mar 24 2:00s 1:00 BST
247Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Sep 30 2:00s 0 GMT
248# S.R.&O. 1919, No. 297
249Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 BST
250Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Sep 29 2:00s 0 GMT
251# S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458
252Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Mar 28 2:00s 1:00 BST
253# S.R.&O. 1920, No. 1844
254Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Oct 25 2:00s 0 GMT
255# S.R.&O. 1921, No. 363
256Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST
257Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 GMT
258# S.R.&O. 1922, No. 264
259Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 BST
260Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Oct 8 2:00s 0 GMT
261# The Summer Time Act, 1922
262Rule GB-Eire 1923 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
263Rule GB-Eire 1923 1924 - Sep Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT
264Rule GB-Eire 1924 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
265Rule GB-Eire 1925 1926 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
266# The Summer Time Act, 1925
267Rule GB-Eire 1925 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT
268Rule GB-Eire 1927 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
269Rule GB-Eire 1928 1929 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
270Rule GB-Eire 1930 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
271Rule GB-Eire 1931 1932 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
272Rule GB-Eire 1933 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
273Rule GB-Eire 1934 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
274Rule GB-Eire 1935 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
275Rule GB-Eire 1936 1937 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
276Rule GB-Eire 1938 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
277Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
278# S.R.&O. 1939, No. 1379
279Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Nov Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT
280# S.R.&O. 1940, No. 172 and No. 1883
281Rule GB-Eire 1940 only - Feb Sun>=23 2:00s 1:00 BST
282# S.R.&O. 1941, No. 476
283Rule GB-Eire 1941 only - May Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST
284Rule GB-Eire 1941 1943 - Aug Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST
285# S.R.&O. 1942, No. 506
286Rule GB-Eire 1942 1944 - Apr Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST
287# S.R.&O. 1944, No. 932
288Rule GB-Eire 1944 only - Sep Sun>=16 1:00s 1:00 BST
289# S.R.&O. 1945, No. 312
290Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Apr Mon>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST
291Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Jul Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST
292# S.R.&O. 1945, No. 1208
293Rule GB-Eire 1945 1946 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT
294Rule GB-Eire 1946 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
295# The Summer Time Act, 1947
296Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Mar 16 2:00s 1:00 BST
297Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Apr 13 1:00s 2:00 BDST
298Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Aug 10 1:00s 1:00 BST
299Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 GMT
300# Summer Time Order, 1948 (S.I. 1948/495)
301Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Mar 14 2:00s 1:00 BST
302Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Oct 31 2:00s 0 GMT
303# Summer Time Order, 1949 (S.I. 1949/373)
304Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST
305Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Oct 30 2:00s 0 GMT
306# Summer Time Order, 1950 (S.I. 1950/518)
307# Summer Time Order, 1951 (S.I. 1951/430)
308# Summer Time Order, 1952 (S.I. 1952/451)
309Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Apr Sun>=14 2:00s 1:00 BST
310Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00s 0 GMT
311# revert to the rules of the Summer Time Act, 1925
312Rule GB-Eire 1953 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
313Rule GB-Eire 1953 1960 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT
314Rule GB-Eire 1954 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
315Rule GB-Eire 1955 1956 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
316Rule GB-Eire 1957 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
317Rule GB-Eire 1958 1959 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
318Rule GB-Eire 1960 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
319# Summer Time Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/71)
320# Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/2465)
321# Summer Time Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/81)
322Rule GB-Eire 1961 1963 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 BST
323Rule GB-Eire 1961 1968 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT
324# Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/2101)
325# Summer Time Order, 1964 (S.I. 1964/1201)
326# Summer Time Order, 1967 (S.I. 1967/1148)
327Rule GB-Eire 1964 1967 - Mar Sun>=19 2:00s 1:00 BST
328# Summer Time Order, 1968 (S.I. 1968/117)
329Rule GB-Eire 1968 only - Feb 18 2:00s 1:00 BST
330# The British Standard Time Act, 1968
331# (no summer time)
332# The Summer Time Act, 1972
333Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
334Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT
335# Summer Time Order, 1980 (S.I. 1980/1089)
336# Summer Time Order, 1982 (S.I. 1982/1673)
337# Summer Time Order, 1986 (S.I. 1986/223)
338# Summer Time Order, 1988 (S.I. 1988/931)
339Rule GB-Eire 1981 1995 - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 BST
340Rule GB-Eire 1981 1989 - Oct Sun>=23 1:00u 0 GMT
341# Summer Time Order, 1989 (S.I. 1989/985)
342# Summer Time Order, 1992 (S.I. 1992/1729)
343# Summer Time Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2798)
344Rule GB-Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u 0 GMT
345# Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982)
346# See EU for rules starting in 1996.
347
348# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
349Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Dec 1
350 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27
351 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
352 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996
353 0:00 EU GMT/BST
354Zone Europe/Belfast -0:23:40 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
355 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 # Dublin MT
356 -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s # Irish Summer Time
357 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27
358 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
359 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996
360 0:00 EU GMT/BST
361Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:21 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
362 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 # Dublin MT
363 -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s
364 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1921 Dec 6 # independence
365 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1940 Feb 25 2:00
366 0:00 1:00 IST 1946 Oct 6 2:00
367 0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00
368 0:00 1:00 IST 1947 Nov 2 2:00
369 0:00 - GMT 1948 Apr 18 2:00
370 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1968 Oct 27
371 1:00 - IST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
372 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1996
373 0:00 EU GMT/IST
374
375###############################################################################
376
377# Continental Europe
378
379# EU rules are for the European Union, previously known as the EC, EEC,
380# Common Market, etc.
381
382# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
383Rule EU 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00u 1:00 S
384Rule EU 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
385Rule EU 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00u 0 -
386Rule EU 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
387Rule EU 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
388Rule EU 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 -
389
390# W-Eur differs from EU only in that W-Eur uses standard time.
391Rule W-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S
392Rule W-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
393Rule W-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00s 0 -
394Rule W-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
395Rule W-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
396Rule W-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 -
397
398# Older C-Eur rules are for convenience in the tables.
399# From 1977 on, C-Eur differs from EU only in that C-Eur uses standard time.
400Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S
401Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
402Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S
403Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 -
404Rule C-Eur 1940 only - Apr 1 2:00s 1:00 S
405Rule C-Eur 1942 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 -
406Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00s 1:00 S
407Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00s 0 -
408Rule C-Eur 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S
409# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 7; go with Shanks.
410Rule C-Eur 1944 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 -
411Rule C-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
412Rule C-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
413Rule C-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 -
414Rule C-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
415Rule C-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
416Rule C-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
417
418# E-Eur differs from EU only in that E-Eur switches at midnight local time.
419Rule E-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
420Rule E-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
421Rule E-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
422Rule E-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
423Rule E-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
424Rule E-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
425
426# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
427Rule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 MST # Moscow Summer Time
428Rule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 MMT # Moscow Mean Time
429Rule Russia 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 MDST # Moscow Double Summer Time
430Rule Russia 1918 only - Sep 16 1:00 1:00 MST
431Rule Russia 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 MDST
432Rule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 S
433Rule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 -
434Rule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S
435Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 M # Midsummer
436Rule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 S
437Rule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
438# Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1980-10-24):
439Rule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
440Rule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
441# Act No.967 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1984-09-13), repeated in
442# Act No.227 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1989-03-14):
443Rule Russia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
444Rule Russia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
445#
446Rule Russia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S
447Rule Russia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 -
448Rule Russia 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
449Rule Russia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
450Rule Russia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
451
452# These are for backward compatibility with older versions.
453
454# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
455Zone WET 0:00 EU WE%sT
456Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT
457Zone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT
458Zone EET 2:00 EU EE%sT
459
460# Previous editions of this database used abbreviations like MET DST
461# for Central European Summer Time, but this didn't agree with common usage.
462
463# From Markus Kuhn <mskuhn@unrza3.dialin.rrze.uni-erlangen.de> (1996-07-12):
464# The official German names ... are
465#
466# Mitteleuropaeische Zeit (MEZ) = UTC+01:00
467# Mitteleuropaeische Sommerzeit (MESZ) = UTC+02:00
468#
469# as defined in the German Time Act (Gesetz ueber die Zeitbestimmung (ZeitG),
470# 1978-07-25, Bundesgesetzblatt, Jahrgang 1978, Teil I, S. 1110-1111)....
471# I wrote ... to the German Federal Physical-Technical Institution
472#
473# Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB)
474# Laboratorium 4.41 "Zeiteinheit"
475# Postfach 3345
476# D-38023 Braunschweig
477# phone: +49 531 592-0
478#
479# ... I received today an answer letter from Dr. Peter Hetzel, head of the PTB
480# department for time and frequency transmission. He explained that the
481# PTB translates MEZ and MESZ into English as
482#
483# Central European Time (CET) = UTC+01:00
484# Central European Summer Time (CEST) = UTC+02:00
485
486
487# Albania
488# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
489Rule Albania 1940 only - Jun 16 0:00 1:00 S
490Rule Albania 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 -
491Rule Albania 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S
492Rule Albania 1943 only - Apr 10 3:00 0 -
493Rule Albania 1974 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 S
494Rule Albania 1974 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
495Rule Albania 1975 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
496Rule Albania 1975 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
497Rule Albania 1976 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S
498Rule Albania 1976 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
499Rule Albania 1977 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S
500Rule Albania 1977 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
501Rule Albania 1978 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S
502Rule Albania 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
503Rule Albania 1979 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 S
504Rule Albania 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
505Rule Albania 1980 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 S
506Rule Albania 1980 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
507Rule Albania 1981 only - Apr 26 0:00 1:00 S
508Rule Albania 1981 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 -
509Rule Albania 1982 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S
510Rule Albania 1982 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
511Rule Albania 1983 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 S
512Rule Albania 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
513Rule Albania 1984 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
514# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
515Zone Europe/Tirane 1:19:20 - LMT 1914
516 1:00 - CET 1940 Jun 16
517 1:00 Albania CE%sT 1984 Jul
518 1:00 EU CE%sT
519
520# Andorra
521# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
522Zone Europe/Andorra 0:06:04 - LMT 1901
523 0:00 - WET 1946 Sep 30
524 1:00 - CET 1985 Mar 31 2:00
525 1:00 EU CE%sT
526
527# Austria
528# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
529Rule Austria 1920 only - Apr 5 2:00s 1:00 S
530Rule Austria 1920 only - Sep 13 2:00s 0 -
531Rule Austria 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
532Rule Austria 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 -
533Rule Austria 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S
534Rule Austria 1946 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
535Rule Austria 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S
536Rule Austria 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
537# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
538Zone Europe/Vienna 1:05:20 - LMT 1893 Apr
539 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Jun 16 3:00
540 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1940 Apr 1 2:00
541 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
542 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1981
543 1:00 EU CE%sT
544
545# Belarus
546# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
547Zone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880
548 1:50 - MMT 1924 May 2 # Minsk Mean Time
549 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
550 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 28
551 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul 3
552 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
553 3:00 - MSK 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
554 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
555 2:00 - EET 1992 Mar 29 0:00s
556 2:00 1:00 EEST 1992 Sep 27 0:00s
557 2:00 Russia EE%sT
558
559# Belgium
560#
561# From Paul Eggert (1997-07-02):
562# Entries from 1918 through 1991 are taken from:
563# Annuaire de L'Observatoire Royal de Belgique,
564# Avenue Circulaire, 3, B-1180 BRUXELLES, CLVIIe annee, 1991
565# (Imprimerie HAYEZ, s.p.r.l., Rue Fin, 4, 1080 BRUXELLES, MCMXC),
566# pp 8-9.
567# LMT before 1892 was 0:17:30, according to the official journal of Belgium:
568# Moniteur Belge, Samedi 30 Avril 1892, N.121.
569# Thanks to Pascal Delmoitie <pascal@belnet.be> for these references.
570# The 1918 rules are listed for completeness; they apply to unoccupied Belgium.
571# Assume Brussels switched to WET in 1918 when the armistice took effect.
572#
573# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
574Rule Belgium 1918 only - Mar 9 0:00s 1:00 S
575Rule Belgium 1918 1919 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
576Rule Belgium 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
577Rule Belgium 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S
578Rule Belgium 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 -
579Rule Belgium 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S
580Rule Belgium 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 -
581Rule Belgium 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S
582Rule Belgium 1922 1927 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
583Rule Belgium 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00s 1:00 S
584Rule Belgium 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S
585Rule Belgium 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S
586# DSH writes that a royal decree of 1926-02-22 specified the Sun following 3rd
587# Sat in Apr (except if it's Easter, in which case it's one Sunday earlier),
588# to Sun following 1st Sat in Oct, and that a royal decree of 1928-09-15
589# changed the transition times to 02:00 GMT.
590Rule Belgium 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S
591Rule Belgium 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S
592Rule Belgium 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S
593Rule Belgium 1928 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 -
594Rule Belgium 1929 only - Apr 21 2:00s 1:00 S
595Rule Belgium 1930 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 S
596Rule Belgium 1931 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S
597Rule Belgium 1932 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S
598Rule Belgium 1933 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 S
599Rule Belgium 1934 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S
600Rule Belgium 1935 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S
601Rule Belgium 1936 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S
602Rule Belgium 1937 only - Apr 4 2:00s 1:00 S
603Rule Belgium 1938 only - Mar 27 2:00s 1:00 S
604Rule Belgium 1939 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 S
605Rule Belgium 1939 only - Nov 19 2:00s 0 -
606Rule Belgium 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00s 1:00 S
607Rule Belgium 1944 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 -
608Rule Belgium 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
609Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
610Rule Belgium 1946 only - May 19 2:00s 1:00 S
611Rule Belgium 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 -
612# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
613Zone Europe/Brussels 0:17:30 - LMT 1880
614 0:17:30 - BMT 1892 May 1 12:00 # Brussels MT
615 0:00 - WET 1914 Nov 8
616 1:00 - CET 1916 May 1 0:00
617 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Nov 11 11:00u
618 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 20 2:00s
619 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 3
620 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977
621 1:00 EU CE%sT
622
623# Bosnia and Herzegovina
624# see Yugoslavia
625
626# Bulgaria
627#
628# From Plamen Simenov <P.Simeonov@cnsys.bg> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
629# A document of Government of Bulgaria (No.94/1997) says:
630# EET --> EETDST is in 03:00 Local time in last Sunday of March ...
631# EETDST --> EET is in 04:00 Local time in last Sunday of October
632#
633# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
634Rule Bulg 1979 only - Mar 31 23:00 1:00 S
635Rule Bulg 1979 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
636Rule Bulg 1980 1982 - Apr Sat<=7 23:00 1:00 S
637Rule Bulg 1980 only - Sep 29 1:00 0 -
638Rule Bulg 1981 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 -
639# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
640Zone Europe/Sofia 1:33:16 - LMT 1880
641 1:56:56 - IMT 1894 Nov 30 # Istanbul MT?
642 2:00 - EET 1942 Nov 2 3:00
643 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 3:00
644 2:00 - EET 1979 Mar 31 23:00
645 2:00 Bulg EE%sT 1982 Sep 26 2:00
646 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991
647 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997
648 2:00 EU EE%sT
649
650# Croatia
651# see Yugosloavia
652
653# Czech Republic
654# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
655Rule Czech 1945 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S
656Rule Czech 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 -
657Rule Czech 1946 only - May 6 2:00s 1:00 S
658Rule Czech 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
659Rule Czech 1947 only - Apr 20 2:00s 1:00 S
660Rule Czech 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
661Rule Czech 1949 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 S
662# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
663Zone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850
664 0:57:44 - PMT 1891 Oct # Prague Mean Time
665 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 17 2:00s
666 1:00 Czech CE%sT 1979
667 1:00 EU CE%sT
668
669# Denmark, Faeroe Islands, and Greenland
670# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
671Rule Denmark 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S
672Rule Denmark 1916 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 -
673Rule Denmark 1940 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
674Rule Denmark 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
675Rule Denmark 1945 only - Aug 15 2:00s 0 -
676Rule Denmark 1946 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 S
677Rule Denmark 1946 only - Sep 1 2:00s 0 -
678Rule Denmark 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S
679Rule Denmark 1947 only - Aug 10 2:00s 0 -
680Rule Denmark 1948 only - May 9 2:00s 1:00 S
681Rule Denmark 1948 only - Aug 8 2:00s 0 -
682# Whitman also gives 1949 Apr 9 to 1949 Oct 1, and disagrees in minor ways
683# about many of the above dates; go with Shanks.
684#
685# For 1894, Shanks says Jan, Whitman Apr; go with Whitman.
686# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
687Zone Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890
688 0:50:20 - CMT 1894 Apr # Copenhagen Mean Time
689 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
690 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
691 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1980
692 1:00 EU CE%sT
693Zone Atlantic/Faeroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # Torshavn
694 0:00 - WET 1981
695 0:00 EU WE%sT
696#
697# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
698# Greenland joined the EU as part of Denmark, obtained home rule on 1979-05-01,
699# and left the EU on 1985-02-01. It therefore should have been using EU
700# rules at least through 1984. Shanks says Scoresbysund and Godthab
701# used C-Eur rules after 1980, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says they use EU
702# rules since at least 1991. Assume EU rules since 1980.
703
704#
705# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
706Rule Thule 1993 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
707Rule Thule 1993 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
708#
709# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
710Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:29:00 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormit
711 -2:00 - CGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
712 -2:00 C-Eur CG%sT 1981 Mar 29
713 -1:00 EU EG%sT
714Zone America/Godthab -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Nuuk
715 -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
716 -3:00 EU WG%sT
717Zone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik
718 -4:00 Thule A%sT
719
720# Estonia
721# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-10-15):
722# A relative in Tallinn confirms the accuracy of the data for 1989 onwards
723# [through 1994] and gives the legal authority for it,
724# a regulation of the Government of Estonia, No. 111 of 1989....
725#
726# From Peter Ilieve <peter@aldie.co.uk> (1996-10-28):
727# [IATA SSIM (1992/1996) claims that the Baltic republics switch at 01:00s,
728# but a relative confirms that Estonia still switches at 02:00s, writing:]
729# ``I do not [know] exactly but there are some little different
730# (confusing) rules for International Air and Railway Transport Schedules
731# conversion in Sunday connected with end of summer time in Estonia....
732# A discussion is running about the summer time efficiency and effect on
733# human physiology. It seems that Estonia maybe will not change to
734# summer time next spring.''
735
736# From Peter Ilieve <peter@aldie.co.uk> (1998-11-04), heavily edited:
737# <a href="http://trip.rk.ee/cgi-bin/thw?${BASE}=akt&${OOHTML}=rtd&TA=1998&TO=1&AN=1390">
738# The 1998-09-22 Estonian time law
739# </a>
740# refers to the Eighth Directive and cites the association agreement between
741# the EU and Estonia, ratified by the Estonian law (RT II 1995, 22--27, 120).
742#
743# I also asked [my relative] whether they use any standard abbreviation
744# for their standard and summer times. He says no, they use "suveaeg"
745# (summer time) and "talveaeg" (winter time).
746
747# From <a href="http://www.baltictimes.com/">The Baltic Times</a> (1999-09-09)
748# via Steffen Thorsen:
749# This year will mark the last time Estonia shifts to summer time,
750# a council of the ruling coalition announced Sept. 6....
751# But what this could mean for Estonia's chances of joining the European
752# Union are still unclear. In 1994, the EU declared summer time compulsory
753# for all member states until 2001. Brussels has yet to decide what to do
754# after that.
755
756# From Mart Oruaas (2000-01-29):
757# Regulation no. 301 (1999-10-12) obsoletes previous regulation
758# no. 206 (1998-09-22) and thus sticks Estonia to +02:00 GMT for all
759# the year round. The regulation is effective 1999-11-01.
760
761# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
762Zone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880
763 1:39:00 - TMT 1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time
764 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1919 Jul
765 1:39:00 - TMT 1921 May
766 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 6
767 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 15
768 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 22
769 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
770 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep 24 2:00s
771 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 Sep 22
772 2:00 EU EE%sT 1999 Nov 1
773 2:00 - EET
774
775# Finland
776#
777# From Hannu Strang <chs@apu.fi> (25 Sep 1994 06:03:37 UTC):
778# Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one,
779# and it's supposed to change at 4am...
780#
781# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (25 Sep 1994):
782# Shanks says Finland has switched at 02:00 standard time since 1981.
783# Go with Strang instead.
784#
785# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
786Rule Finland 1942 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
787Rule Finland 1942 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
788# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
789Zone Europe/Helsinki 1:39:52 - LMT 1878 May 31
790 1:39:52 - HMT 1921 May # Helsinki Mean Time
791 2:00 Finland EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00
792 2:00 EU EE%sT
793
794# France
795#
796# Shanks seems to use `24:00' ambiguously; we resolve it with Whitman.
797# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
798Rule France 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S
799Rule France 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 -
800Rule France 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S
801Rule France 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S
802Rule France 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
803Rule France 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S
804Rule France 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 -
805Rule France 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S
806Rule France 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 -
807Rule France 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S
808# DSH writes that a law of 1923-05-24 specified 3rd Sat in Apr at 23:00 to 1st
809# Sat in Oct at 24:00; and that in 1930, because of Easter, the transitions
810# were Apr 12 and Oct 5. Go with Shanks.
811Rule France 1922 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
812Rule France 1923 only - May 26 23:00s 1:00 S
813Rule France 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S
814Rule France 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S
815Rule France 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S
816Rule France 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S
817Rule France 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S
818Rule France 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S
819Rule France 1930 only - Apr 12 23:00s 1:00 S
820Rule France 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S
821Rule France 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S
822Rule France 1933 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S
823Rule France 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S
824Rule France 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S
825Rule France 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S
826Rule France 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S
827Rule France 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S
828Rule France 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
829Rule France 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 -
830Rule France 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S
831# The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris,
832# but were used in other places (e.g. Monaco).
833Rule France 1941 only - May 5 0:00 2:00 M # Midsummer
834# Shanks says this transition occurred at Oct 6 1:00,
835# but go with Denis.Excoffier@ens.fr (1997-12-12),
836# who quotes the Ephemerides Astronomiques for 1998 from Bureau des Longitudes
837# as saying 5/10/41 22hUT.
838Rule France 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 S
839Rule France 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 2:00 M
840Rule France 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 1:00 S
841Rule France 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 2:00 M
842Rule France 1943 only - Oct 4 3:00 1:00 S
843Rule France 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00 2:00 M
844Rule France 1944 only - Oct 8 1:00 1:00 S
845Rule France 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 2:00 M
846Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 -
847# Shanks gives Mar 28 2:00 and Sep 26 3:00;
848# go with Excoffier's 28/3/76 0hUT and 25/9/76 23hUT.
849Rule France 1976 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 S
850Rule France 1976 only - Sep 26 1:00 0 -
851# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time, and Whitman gives 0:09:05,
852# but Howse quotes the actual French legislation as saying 0:09:21.
853# Go with Howse. Howse writes that the time in France was officially based
854# on PMT-0:09:21 until 1978-08-09, when the time base finally switched to UTC.
855# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
856Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01
857 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
858# Shanks gives 1940 Jun 14 0:00; go with Excoffier's 14/6/40 22hUT.
859 0:00 France WE%sT 1940 Jun 14 23:00
860 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 25
861 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
862 1:00 France CE%sT 1977
863 1:00 EU CE%sT
864
865# Germany
866
867# From Markus Kuhn <Markus.Kuhn@cl.cam.ac.uk> (1998-09-29):
868# The German time zone web site by the Physikalisch-Technische
869# Bundesanstalt contains DST information back to 1916.
870#
871# <a href="http://www.ptb.de/english/org/4/43/432/lega.htm">
872# Realisation of Legal Time in Germany
873# </a>
874
875# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
876Rule Germany 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
877# Shanks says 05-24 2:00 to 09-24 3:00 for DDST; go with the PTB, who quotes
878# the Archiv fuer publizist. Arbeit (Munzinger-Archiv) 652 (Zeitsystem)
879# (1961-11-25), which gives dates only. Guess 3:00 transition times.
880Rule Germany 1945 only - May 31 3:00 2:00 M # Midsummer
881Rule Germany 1945 only - Sep 23 3:00 1:00 S
882Rule Germany 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 -
883Rule Germany 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S
884Rule Germany 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 -
885Rule Germany 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
886Rule Germany 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S
887# The PTB gives 3:00 CET and 3:00 CEST for the midsummer transition times;
888# go with Shanks.
889Rule Germany 1947 only - May 11 2:00s 2:00 M
890Rule Germany 1947 only - Jun 29 3:00 1:00 S
891Rule Germany 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
892Rule Germany 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S
893# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
894Zone Europe/Berlin 0:53:28 - LMT 1893 Apr
895 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
896 1:00 Germany CE%sT 1980
897 1:00 EU CE%sT
898
899# Gibraltar
900# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
901Zone Europe/Gibraltar -0:21:24 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
902 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1957 Apr 14 2:00
903 1:00 - CET 1982
904 1:00 EU CE%sT
905
906# Greece
907# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
908# Whitman gives 1932 Jul 5 - Nov 1; go with Shanks.
909Rule Greece 1932 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 S
910Rule Greece 1932 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
911# Whitman gives 1941 Apr 25 - ?; go with Shanks.
912Rule Greece 1941 only - Apr 7 0:00 1:00 S
913# Whitman gives 1942 Feb 2 - ?; go with Shanks.
914Rule Greece 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 -
915Rule Greece 1943 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S
916Rule Greece 1943 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
917# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 3 - Oct 31; go with Shanks.
918Rule Greece 1952 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S
919Rule Greece 1952 only - Nov 2 0:00 0 -
920Rule Greece 1975 only - Apr 12 0:00s 1:00 S
921Rule Greece 1975 only - Nov 26 0:00s 0 -
922Rule Greece 1976 only - Apr 11 2:00s 1:00 S
923Rule Greece 1976 only - Oct 10 2:00s 0 -
924Rule Greece 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
925Rule Greece 1977 only - Sep 26 2:00s 0 -
926Rule Greece 1978 only - Sep 24 4:00 0 -
927Rule Greece 1979 only - Apr 1 9:00 1:00 S
928Rule Greece 1979 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 -
929Rule Greece 1980 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
930Rule Greece 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
931# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
932Zone Europe/Athens 1:34:52 - LMT 1895 Sep 14
933 1:34:52 - AMT 1916 Jul 28 0:01 # Athens MT
934 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1941 Apr 30
935 1:00 Greece CE%sT 1944 Apr 4
936 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1981
937 # Shanks says they switched to C-Eur in 1981;
938 # go with EU instead, since Greece joined it on Jan 1.
939 2:00 EU EE%sT
940
941# Hungary
942# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
943Rule Hungary 1918 only - Apr 1 3:00 1:00 S
944Rule Hungary 1918 only - Sep 29 3:00 0 -
945Rule Hungary 1919 only - Apr 15 3:00 1:00 S
946Rule Hungary 1919 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 -
947Rule Hungary 1920 only - Apr 5 3:00 1:00 S
948Rule Hungary 1920 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
949Rule Hungary 1945 only - May 1 23:00 1:00 S
950Rule Hungary 1945 only - Nov 3 0:00 0 -
951Rule Hungary 1946 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S
952Rule Hungary 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
953Rule Hungary 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=4 2:00s 1:00 S
954Rule Hungary 1950 only - Apr 17 2:00s 1:00 S
955Rule Hungary 1950 only - Oct 23 2:00s 0 -
956Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - May 23 0:00 1:00 S
957Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
958Rule Hungary 1956 only - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
959Rule Hungary 1956 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
960Rule Hungary 1957 only - Jun Sun>=1 1:00 1:00 S
961Rule Hungary 1957 only - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 -
962Rule Hungary 1980 only - Apr 6 1:00 1:00 S
963# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
964Zone Europe/Budapest 1:16:20 - LMT 1890 Oct
965 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918
966 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1941 Apr 6 2:00
967 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 1 23:00
968 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1980 Sep 28 2:00s
969 1:00 EU CE%sT
970
971# Iceland
972#
973# From Adam David <adam@veda.is> (1993-11-06):
974# The name of the timezone in Iceland for system / mail / news purposes is GMT.
975#
976# (1993-12-05):
977# This material is paraphrased from the 1988 edition of the University of
978# Iceland Almanak.
979#
980# From January 1st, 1908 the whole of Iceland was standardised at 1 hour
981# behind GMT. Previously, local mean solar time was used in different parts
982# of Iceland, the almanak had been based on Reykjavik mean solar time which
983# was 1 hour and 28 minutes behind GMT.
984#
985# "first day of winter" referred to [below] means the first day of the 26 weeks
986# of winter, according to the old icelandic calendar that dates back to the
987# time the norsemen first settled Iceland. The first day of winter is always
988# Saturday, but is not dependent on the Julian or Gregorian calendars.
989#
990# (1993-12-10):
991# I have a reference from the Oxford Icelandic-English dictionary for the
992# beginning of winter, which ties it to the ecclesiastical calendar (and thus
993# to the julian/gregorian calendar) over the period in question.
994# the winter begins on the Saturday next before St. Luke's day
995# (old style), or on St. Luke's day, if a Saturday.
996# St. Luke's day ought to be traceable from ecclesiastical sources. "old style"
997# might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it
998# might mean something else (???).
999#
1000# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-10-29):
1001# The Iceland Almanak, Shanks and Whitman disagree on many points.
1002# We go with the Almanak, except for one claim from Shanks, namely that
1003# Reykavik was 21W57 from 1837 to 1908, local mean time before that.
1004#
1005# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1006Rule Iceland 1917 1918 - Feb 19 23:00 1:00 S
1007Rule Iceland 1917 only - Oct 21 1:00 0 -
1008Rule Iceland 1918 only - Nov 16 1:00 0 -
1009Rule Iceland 1939 only - Apr 29 23:00 1:00 S
1010Rule Iceland 1939 only - Nov 29 2:00 0 -
1011Rule Iceland 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S
1012Rule Iceland 1940 only - Nov 3 2:00 0 -
1013Rule Iceland 1941 only - Mar 2 1:00s 1:00 S
1014Rule Iceland 1941 only - Nov 2 1:00s 0 -
1015Rule Iceland 1942 only - Mar 8 1:00s 1:00 S
1016Rule Iceland 1942 only - Oct 25 1:00s 0 -
1017# 1943-1946 - first Sunday in March until first Sunday in winter
1018Rule Iceland 1943 1946 - Mar Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S
1019Rule Iceland 1943 1948 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 -
1020# 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter
1021Rule Iceland 1947 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S
1022# 1949 Oct transition delayed by 1 week
1023Rule Iceland 1949 only - Oct 30 1:00s 0 -
1024Rule Iceland 1950 1966 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 -
1025Rule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 -
1026# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1027Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:27:24 - LMT 1837
1028 -1:27:48 - RMT 1908 # Reykjavik Mean Time?
1029 -1:00 Iceland IS%sT 1968 Apr 7 1:00s
1030 0:00 - GMT
1031
1032# Italy
1033#
1034# From Paul Eggert (1996-05-06):
1035# For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks, Whitman, and F. Pollastri
1036# <a href="http://pisolo.cstv.to.cnr.it/toi/uk/ienitlt.html">
1037# Day-light Saving Time in Italy (1996-03-14)
1038# </a>
1039# (`FP' below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute
1040# publication. When the three sources disagree, guess who's right, as follows:
1041#
1042# year FP Shanks (S) Whitman (W) Go with:
1043# 1916 06-03 06-03 24:00 06-03 00:00 FP & W
1044# 09-30 09-30 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s
1045# 1917 04-01 03-31 24:00 03-31 00:00 FP & S
1046# 09-30 09-29 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP & W
1047# 1918 03-09 03-09 24:00 03-09 00:00 FP & S
1048# 10-06 10-05 24:00 10-06 01:00 FP & W
1049# 1919 03-01 03-01 24:00 03-01 00:00 FP & S
1050# 10-04 10-04 24:00 10-04 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s
1051# 1920 03-20 03-20 24:00 03-20 00:00 FP & S
1052# 09-18 09-18 24:00 10-01 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s
1053# 1944 04-02 04-03 02:00 S (see C-Eur)
1054# 09-16 10-02 03:00 FP; guess 24:00s
1055# 1945 09-14 09-16 24:00 FP; guess 24:00s
1056# 1970 05-21 05-31 00:00 S
1057# 09-20 09-27 00:00 S
1058#
1059# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1060Rule Italy 1916 only - Jun 3 0:00s 1:00 S
1061Rule Italy 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
1062Rule Italy 1917 only - Apr 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1063Rule Italy 1917 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 -
1064Rule Italy 1918 only - Mar 10 0:00s 1:00 S
1065Rule Italy 1918 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 -
1066Rule Italy 1919 only - Mar 2 0:00s 1:00 S
1067Rule Italy 1920 only - Mar 21 0:00s 1:00 S
1068Rule Italy 1920 only - Sep 19 0:00s 0 -
1069Rule Italy 1940 only - Jun 15 0:00s 1:00 S
1070Rule Italy 1944 only - Sep 17 0:00s 0 -
1071Rule Italy 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 S
1072Rule Italy 1945 only - Sep 15 0:00s 0 -
1073Rule Italy 1946 only - Mar 17 2:00s 1:00 S
1074Rule Italy 1946 only - Oct 6 2:00s 0 -
1075Rule Italy 1947 only - Mar 16 0:00s 1:00 S
1076Rule Italy 1947 only - Oct 5 0:00s 0 -
1077Rule Italy 1948 only - Feb 29 2:00s 1:00 S
1078Rule Italy 1948 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 -
1079Rule Italy 1966 1968 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S
1080Rule Italy 1966 1969 - Sep Sun>=22 0:00 0 -
1081Rule Italy 1969 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
1082Rule Italy 1970 only - May 31 0:00 1:00 S
1083Rule Italy 1970 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1084Rule Italy 1971 1972 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S
1085Rule Italy 1971 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
1086Rule Italy 1972 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1087Rule Italy 1973 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 S
1088Rule Italy 1973 1974 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1089Rule Italy 1974 only - May 26 0:00 1:00 S
1090Rule Italy 1975 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1091Rule Italy 1975 1977 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
1092Rule Italy 1976 only - May 30 0:00s 1:00 S
1093Rule Italy 1977 1979 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S
1094Rule Italy 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
1095Rule Italy 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 -
1096# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1097Zone Europe/Rome 0:49:56 - LMT 1866 Sep 22
1098 0:49:56 - RMT 1893 Nov # Rome Mean Time
1099 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
1100 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul
1101 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1980
1102 1:00 EU CE%sT
1103
1104Link Europe/Rome Europe/Vatican
1105Link Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino
1106
1107# Latvia
1108
1109# From Liene Kanepe <Liene_Kanepe@lm.gov.lv> (1998-09-17):
1110
1111# I asked about this matter Scientific Secretary of the Institute of Astronomy
1112# of The University of Latvia Dr. paed Mr. Ilgonis Vilks. I also searched the
1113# correct data in juridical acts and I found some juridical documents about
1114# changes in the counting of time in Latvia from 1981....
1115#
1116# Act No.35 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1981-01-22 ...
1117# according to the Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1980-10-24
1118# ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning
1119# the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on 1 April at 00:00 (GMT 31 March 21:00)
1120# and 1 hour backward on the 1 October at 00:00 (GMT 30 September 20:00).
1121#
1122# Act No.592 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1984-09-24 ...
1123# according to the Act No.967 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1984-09-13
1124# ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning
1125# the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on the last Sunday of March at 02:00
1126# (GMT 23:00 on the previous day) and 1 hour backward on the last Sunday of
1127# September at 03:00 (GMT 23:00 on the previous day).
1128#
1129# Act No.81 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1989-03-22 ...
1130# according to the Act No.227 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1989-03-14
1131# ...: since the last Sunday of March 1989 in Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR,
1132# Estonian SSR and Kaliningrad region of Russian Federation all year round the
1133# time of 2nd time zone (Moscow time minus one hour). On the territory of Latvia
1134# transition to summer time is performed on the last Sunday of March at 02:00
1135# (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour forward. The end of
1136# daylight saving time is performed on the last Sunday of September at 03:00
1137# (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour backward. Exception is
1138# 1989-03-26, when we must not turn the hands of the clock....
1139#
1140# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Latvia of
1141# 1997-01-21 on transition to Summer time ... established the same order of
1142# daylight savings time settings as in the States of the European Union.
1143
1144# From Andrei Ivanov (2000-03-06):
1145# This year Latvia will not switch to Daylight Savings Time (as specified in
1146# <a href="http://www.lv-laiks.lv/wwwraksti/2000/071072/vd4.htm">
1147# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Rep. of Latvia of
1148# 29-Feb-2000 (#79)</a>, in Latvian for subscribers only).
1149
1150# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1151Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
1152Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
1153# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1154Zone Europe/Riga 1:36:24 - LMT 1880
1155 1:36:24 - RMT 1918 Apr 15 2:00 #Riga Mean Time
1156 1:36:24 1:00 LST 1918 Sep 16 3:00 #Latvian Summer
1157 1:36:24 - RMT 1919 Apr 1 2:00
1158 1:36:24 1:00 LST 1919 May 22 3:00
1159 1:36:24 - RMT 1926 May 11
1160 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 5
1161 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jul
1162 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 13
1163 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar lastSun 2:00s
1164 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep lastSun 2:00s
1165 2:00 Latvia EE%sT 1997 Jan 21
1166 2:00 EU EE%sT 2000 Feb 29
1167 2:00 - EET
1168
1169# Liechtenstein
1170# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1171Zone Europe/Vaduz 0:38:04 - LMT 1894 Jun
1172 1:00 - CET 1981
1173 1:00 EU CE%sT
1174
1175# Lithuania
1176
1177# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
1178# IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is
1179# known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it's wrong here too.
1180
1181# From Marius Gedminas <mgedmin@pub.osf.lt> (1998-08-07):
1182# I would like to inform that in this year Lithuanian time zone
1183# (Europe/Vilnius) was changed.
1184
1185# From <a href="http://www.elta.lt/">ELTA</a> No. 972 (2582) (1999-09-29),
1186# via Steffen Thorsen:
1187# Lithuania has shifted back to the second time zone (GMT plus two hours)
1188# to be valid here starting from October 31,
1189# as decided by the national government on Wednesday....
1190# The Lithuanian government also announced plans to consider a
1191# motion to give up shifting to summer time in spring, as it was
1192# already done by Estonia.
1193
|
| 1194# From the <a href="http://www.tourism.lt/informa/ff.htm">
1195# Fact File, Lithuanian State Department of Tourism
1196# </a> (2000-03-27): Local time is GMT+2 hours ..., no daylight saving.
1197
|
1189# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1190Zone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880
1191 1:24:00 - WMT 1917 # Warsaw Mean Time
1192 1:35:36 - KMT 1919 Oct 10 # Kaunas Mean Time
1193 1:00 - CET 1920 Jul 12
1194 2:00 - EET 1920 Oct 9
1195 1:00 - CET 1940 Aug 3
1196 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 24
1197 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug
1198 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1199 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1200 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998
1201 2:00 - EET 1998 Mar 29 1:00u
1202 1:00 EU CE%sT 1999 Oct 31 1:00u
| 1198# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1199Zone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880
1200 1:24:00 - WMT 1917 # Warsaw Mean Time
1201 1:35:36 - KMT 1919 Oct 10 # Kaunas Mean Time
1202 1:00 - CET 1920 Jul 12
1203 2:00 - EET 1920 Oct 9
1204 1:00 - CET 1940 Aug 3
1205 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 24
1206 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug
1207 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1208 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1209 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998
1210 2:00 - EET 1998 Mar 29 1:00u
1211 1:00 EU CE%sT 1999 Oct 31 1:00u
|
1203 2:00 EU EE%sT
| 1212 2:00 - EET
|
1204
1205# Luxembourg
1206# Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways; go with Shanks.
1207# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1208Rule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S
1209Rule Lux 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
1210Rule Lux 1917 only - Apr 28 23:00 1:00 S
1211Rule Lux 1917 only - Sep 17 1:00 0 -
1212Rule Lux 1918 only - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S
1213Rule Lux 1918 only - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 -
1214Rule Lux 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00 1:00 S
1215Rule Lux 1919 only - Oct 5 3:00 0 -
1216Rule Lux 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S
1217Rule Lux 1920 only - Oct 24 2:00 0 -
1218Rule Lux 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00 1:00 S
1219Rule Lux 1921 only - Oct 26 2:00 0 -
1220Rule Lux 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00 1:00 S
1221Rule Lux 1922 only - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 -
1222Rule Lux 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00 1:00 S
1223Rule Lux 1923 only - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 -
1224Rule Lux 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00 1:00 S
1225Rule Lux 1924 1928 - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 -
1226Rule Lux 1925 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S
1227Rule Lux 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 S
1228Rule Lux 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 S
1229Rule Lux 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00 1:00 S
1230Rule Lux 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 S
1231# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1232Zone Europe/Luxembourg 0:24:36 - LMT 1904 Jun
1233 1:00 Lux CE%sT 1918 Nov 25
1234 0:00 Lux WE%sT 1929 Oct 6 2:00s
1235 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 14 3:00
1236 1:00 C-Eur WE%sT 1944 Sep 18 3:00
1237 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977
1238 1:00 EU CE%sT
1239
1240# Macedonia
1241# see Yugoslavia
1242
1243# Malta
1244# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1245Rule Malta 1973 only - Mar 31 0:00s 1:00 S
1246Rule Malta 1973 only - Sep 29 0:00s 0 -
1247Rule Malta 1974 only - Apr 21 0:00s 1:00 S
1248Rule Malta 1974 only - Sep 16 0:00s 0 -
1249Rule Malta 1975 1979 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S
1250Rule Malta 1975 1980 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
1251Rule Malta 1980 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
1252# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1253Zone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 2 # Valletta
1254 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
1255 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s
1256 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1973 Mar 31
1257 1:00 Malta CE%sT 1981
1258 1:00 EU CE%sT
1259
1260# Moldova
1261# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1262Zone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1880
1263 1:55 - CMT 1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT
1264 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
1265 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1940 Aug 15
1266 2:00 1:00 EEST 1941 Jul 17
1267 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 24
1268 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
1269 3:00 - MSK 1990 May 6
1270 2:00 - EET 1991
1271 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992
1272 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997
1273# See Romania commentary for the guessed 1997 transition to EU rules.
1274 2:00 EU EE%sT
1275Zone Europe/Tiraspol 1:58:32 - LMT 1880
1276 1:55 - CMT 1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT
1277 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
1278 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1940 Aug 15
1279 2:00 1:00 EEST 1941 Jul 17
1280 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 24
1281 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00
1282 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00
1283 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD
1284
1285# Monaco
1286# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's more precise 0:09:21.
1287# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1288Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15
1289 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
1290 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
1291 1:00 France CE%sT 1977
1292 1:00 EU CE%sT
1293
1294# Netherlands
1295# Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940,
1296# but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time.
1297# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1298# Shanks gives 1916 Apr 30 24:00 and 1916 Oct 1 00:00; go with Whitman.
1299Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time
1300Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time
1301Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST
1302Rule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT
1303# Whitman gives 1918 Apr 14, 1918 Oct 31, and 1921 Sep 28; go with Shanks.
1304Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
1305Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep Mon>=24 2:00s 0 AMT
1306Rule Neth 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 NST
1307# Whitman gives 1939 Oct 1; go with Shanks.
1308Rule Neth 1922 1936 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 AMT
1309Rule Neth 1923 only - Jun 1 2:00s 1:00 NST
1310Rule Neth 1924 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 NST
1311# Whitman gives 1925 Apr 5; go with Shanks.
1312Rule Neth 1925 only - Jun 5 2:00s 1:00 NST
1313# For 1926 through 1930 Whitman gives Apr 15; go with Shanks.
1314Rule Neth 1926 1931 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST
1315Rule Neth 1932 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST
1316Rule Neth 1933 1936 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST
1317Rule Neth 1937 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST
1318Rule Neth 1937 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S
1319Rule Neth 1937 1939 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 -
1320# Whitman gives 1939 Apr 15 and 1940 Apr 19; go with Shanks.
1321Rule Neth 1938 1939 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 S
1322Rule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
1323Rule Neth 1945 only - May 20 2:00s 0 -
1324# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1325Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:28 - LMT 1892 May
1326 0:19:28 Neth %s 1937 Jul
1327 0:20 Neth NE%sT 1940 May 16 0:40
1328 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
1329 1:00 Neth CE%sT 1977
1330 1:00 EU CE%sT
1331
1332# Norway
1333# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1334# Whitman gives 1916 May 21 - 1916 Oct 21; go with Shanks.
1335Rule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 S
1336Rule Norway 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
1337# Whitman says DST observed 1935-08-11/1942-11-01, then 1943-03-29/10-04,
1338# 1944-04-03/10-02, and 1945-04-01/10-01; go with Shanks.
1339Rule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
1340Rule Norway 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 -
1341Rule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 S
1342Rule Norway 1959 1965 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
1343Rule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 S
1344# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1345Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895
1346 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1940 Aug 10 23:00
1347 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
1348 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1980
1349 1:00 EU CE%sT
1350
1351# Svalbard & Jan Mayen
1352Link Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen
1353# From Whitman:
1354# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1355Zone Atlantic/Jan_Mayen -1:00 - EGT
1356
1357# Poland
1358# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1359Rule Poland 1918 1919 - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
1360Rule Poland 1919 only - Apr 15 2:00s 1:00 S
1361# Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks.
1362Rule Poland 1944 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
1363# For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks.
1364Rule Poland 1945 only - Apr 29 0:00 1:00 S
1365Rule Poland 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
1366Rule Poland 1946 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 S
1367Rule Poland 1946 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 -
1368Rule Poland 1947 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 S
1369Rule Poland 1947 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
1370Rule Poland 1948 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 S
1371# Whitman also gives 1949 Apr 9 - 1949 Oct 1; go with Shanks.
1372Rule Poland 1957 only - Jun 2 1:00s 1:00 S
1373Rule Poland 1957 1958 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
1374Rule Poland 1958 only - Mar 30 1:00s 1:00 S
1375Rule Poland 1959 only - May 31 1:00s 1:00 S
1376Rule Poland 1959 1961 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00s 0 -
1377Rule Poland 1960 only - Apr 3 1:00s 1:00 S
1378Rule Poland 1961 1964 - May Sun>=25 1:00s 1:00 S
1379Rule Poland 1962 1964 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
1380# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1381Zone Europe/Warsaw 1:24:00 - LMT 1880
1382 1:24:00 - WMT 1915 Aug 5 # Warsaw Mean Time
1383 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Sep 16 3:00
1384 2:00 Poland EE%sT 1922 Jun
1385 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1940 Jun 23 2:00
1386 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct
1387 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1977 Apr 3 1:00
1388 1:00 W-Eur CE%sT 1999
1389# IATA SSIM (1991/1996) gives EU rules, but the _The Warsaw Voice_
1390# <a href="http://www.warsawvoice.com.pl/v361/NewsInBrief.shtml">
1391# http://www.warsawvoice.com/pl/v361/NewsInBrief.shtml (1995-09-24)
1392# </a>
1393# says the autumn 1995 switch was at 02:00.
1394# Stick with W-Eur for now.
1395#
1396# From Marcin.Kasperski@softax.com.pl (1999-06-10):
1397# According to my colleagues someone recently decided, that Poland would
1398# follow European Union regulations, so - I think - the matter is not
1399# worth further discussion.
1400#
1401# From Paul Eggert (1999-06-10):
1402# Kasperski also writes that the government futzed with the rules in 1997
1403# or 1998 but he doesn't remember the details. Assume they switched to
1404# EU rules in 1999.
1405 1:00 EU CE%sT
1406
1407# Portugal
1408#
1409# From Rui Pedro Salgueiro <rps@inescca.inescc.pt> (1992-11-12):
1410# Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone
1411# (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC.
1412#
1413# Martin Bruckmann <martin@ua.pt> (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve
1414# that Portugal is reverting to 0:00 by not moving its clocks this spring.
1415# The new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter.
1416#
1417# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-12):
1418# IATA SSIM (1991-09) reports several 1991-09 and 1992-09 transitions
1419# at 02:00u, not 01:00u. Assume that these are typos.
1420# IATA SSIM (1991/1992) reports that the Azores were at -1:00.
1421# IATA SSIM (1993-02) says +0:00; later issues (through 1996-09) say -1:00.
1422# Guess that the Azores changed to EU rules in 1992 (since that's when Portugal
1423# harmonized with the EU), and that they stayed +0:00 that winter.
1424#
1425# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1426# DSH writes that despite Decree 1,469 (1915), the change to the clocks was not
1427# done every year, depending on what Spain did, because of railroad schedules.
1428# Go with Shanks.
1429Rule Port 1916 only - Jun 17 23:00 1:00 S
1430# Whitman gives 1916 Oct 31; go with Shanks.
1431Rule Port 1916 only - Nov 1 1:00 0 -
1432Rule Port 1917 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S
1433Rule Port 1917 1921 - Oct 14 23:00s 0 -
1434Rule Port 1918 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
1435Rule Port 1919 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S
1436Rule Port 1920 only - Feb 29 23:00s 1:00 S
1437Rule Port 1921 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S
1438Rule Port 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S
1439Rule Port 1924 only - Oct 14 23:00s 0 -
1440Rule Port 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S
1441Rule Port 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
1442Rule Port 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S
1443Rule Port 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S
1444Rule Port 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S
1445Rule Port 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S
1446# Whitman gives 1931 Oct 8; go with Shanks.
1447Rule Port 1931 1932 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
1448Rule Port 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S
1449# Shanks gives 1934 Apr 4; go with Whitman.
1450Rule Port 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S
1451# Whitman gives 1934 Oct 5; go with Shanks.
1452Rule Port 1934 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
1453# Shanks gives 1935 Apr 30; go with Whitman.
1454Rule Port 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S
1455Rule Port 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S
1456# Whitman gives 1937 Apr 2; go with Shanks.
1457Rule Port 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S
1458Rule Port 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S
1459Rule Port 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
1460# Whitman gives 1939 Oct 7; go with Shanks.
1461Rule Port 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 -
1462Rule Port 1940 only - Feb 24 23:00s 1:00 S
1463# Shanks gives 1940 Oct 7; go with Whitman.
1464Rule Port 1940 1941 - Oct 5 23:00s 0 -
1465Rule Port 1941 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S
1466Rule Port 1942 1945 - Mar Sat>=8 23:00s 1:00 S
1467Rule Port 1942 only - Apr 25 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer
1468Rule Port 1942 only - Aug 15 22:00s 1:00 S
1469Rule Port 1942 1945 - Oct Sat>=24 23:00s 0 -
1470Rule Port 1943 only - Apr 17 22:00s 2:00 M
1471Rule Port 1943 1945 - Aug Sat>=25 22:00s 1:00 S
1472Rule Port 1944 1945 - Apr Sat>=21 22:00s 2:00 M
1473Rule Port 1946 only - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 S
1474Rule Port 1946 only - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
1475Rule Port 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
1476Rule Port 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
1477# Shanks says DST was observed in 1950; go with Whitman.
1478# Whitman gives Oct lastSun for 1952 on; go with Shanks.
1479Rule Port 1951 1965 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
1480Rule Port 1951 1965 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
1481Rule Port 1977 only - Mar 27 0:00s 1:00 S
1482Rule Port 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00s 0 -
1483Rule Port 1978 1979 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 S
1484Rule Port 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
1485Rule Port 1979 1982 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
1486Rule Port 1980 only - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S
1487Rule Port 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
1488Rule Port 1983 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
1489# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1490Zone Europe/Lisbon -0:36:32 - LMT 1884
1491 -0:36:32 - LMT 1911 May 24 # Lisbon Mean Time
1492 0:00 Port WE%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00
1493 1:00 - CET 1976 Sep 26 1:00
1494 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
1495 0:00 W-Eur WE%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s
1496 1:00 EU CE%sT 1996 Mar 31 1:00u
1497 0:00 EU WE%sT
1498Zone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada
1499 -1:55 - HMT 1911 May 24 # Horta Mean Time
1500 -2:00 Port AZO%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Azores Time
1501 -1:00 Port AZO%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
1502 -1:00 W-Eur AZO%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s
1503 0:00 EU WE%sT 1993 Mar 28 1:00u
1504 -1:00 EU AZO%sT
1505Zone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal
1506 -1:08 - FMT 1911 May 24 # Funchal Mean Time
1507 -1:00 Port MAD%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Madeira Time
1508 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
1509 0:00 EU WE%sT
1510
1511# Romania
1512#
1513# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-07):
1514# <a href="http://www.nineoclock.ro/POL/1778pol.html">
1515# Nine O'clock</a> (1998-10-23) reports that the switch occurred at
1516# 04:00 local time in fall 1998. For lack of better info,
1517# assume that Romania and Moldova switched to EU rules in 1997,
1518# the same year as Bulgaria.
1519#
1520# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1521Rule Romania 1932 only - May 21 0:00s 1:00 S
1522Rule Romania 1932 1939 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 -
1523Rule Romania 1933 1939 - Apr Sun>=2 0:00s 1:00 S
1524Rule Romania 1979 only - May 27 0:00 1:00 S
1525Rule Romania 1979 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1526Rule Romania 1980 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S
1527Rule Romania 1980 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
1528Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S
1529Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
1530# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1531Zone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct
1532 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
1533 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00s
1534 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991
1535 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1994
1536 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997
1537 2:00 EU EE%sT
1538
1539# Russia
1540
1541# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-11-12):
1542# Except for Moscow after 1919-07-01, I invented the time zone abbreviations.
1543# Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991,
1544# are from Andrey A. Chernov. The rest is from Shanks, except we follow
1545# Chernov's report that 1992 DST transitions were Sat 23:00, not Sun 02:00s.
1546#
1547# From Andrey A. Chernov <ache@nagual.ru> (1996-10-04):
1548# `MSK' and `MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with
1549# Unix-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group)....
1550# The next step was the UUCP network, the Relcom predecessor
1551# (used mainly for mail), and MSK/MSD was actively used there.
1552#
1553# From Chris Carrier <72157.3334@CompuServe.COM> (1996-10-30):
1554# According to a friend of mine who rode the Trans-Siberian Railroad from
1555# Moscow to Irkutsk in 1995, public air and rail transport in Russia ...
1556# still follows Moscow time, no matter where in Russia it is located.
1557#
1558# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1559Zone Europe/Kaliningrad 1:22:00 - LMT 1893 Apr
1560 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945
1561 2:00 Poland CE%sT 1946
1562 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1563 2:00 Russia EE%sT
1564Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:20 - LMT 1880
1565 2:30 - MMT 1916 Jul 3 # Moscow Mean Time
1566 2:30:48 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 2:00
1567 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1922 Oct
1568 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
1569 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1570 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1571 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD
1572Zone Europe/Samara 3:20:36 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 2:00
1573 3:00 - KUYT 1930 Jun 21 # Kuybyshev
1574 4:00 Russia KUY%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
1575 3:00 Russia KUY%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1576 2:00 Russia KUY%sT 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1577 3:00 - KUYT 1991 Oct 20 3:00
1578 4:00 Russia SAM%sT # Samara Time
1579Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:24 - LMT 1919 Jul 15 4:00
1580 4:00 - SVET 1930 Jun 21 # Sverdlovsk Time
1581 5:00 Russia SVE%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1582 4:00 Russia SVE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1583 5:00 Russia YEK%sT # Yekaterinburg Time
1584Zone Asia/Omsk 4:53:36 - LMT 1919 Nov 14
1585 5:00 - OMST 1930 Jun 21 # Omsk TIme
1586 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1587 5:00 Russia OMS%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1588 6:00 Russia OMS%sT
1589# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski <S.A.Kuz@iae.nsk.su> (1994-06-29):
1590# But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow!
1591# I do not know why they have decided to make this change;
1592# as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching
1593# so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch.
1594Zone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 14 6:00
1595 6:00 - NOVT 1930 Jun 21 # Novosibirsk Time
1596 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1597 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1598 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1993 May 23 # says Shanks
1599 6:00 Russia NOV%sT
1600Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk 6:11:20 - LMT 1920 Jan 6
1601 6:00 - KRAT 1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time
1602 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1603 6:00 Russia KRA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1604 7:00 Russia KRA%sT
1605Zone Asia/Irkutsk 6:57:20 - LMT 1880
1606 6:57:20 - IMT 1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time
1607 7:00 - IRKT 1930 Jun 21 # Irkutsk Time
1608 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1609 7:00 Russia IRK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1610 8:00 Russia IRK%sT
1611Zone Asia/Yakutsk 8:38:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 15
1612 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
1613 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1614 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1615 9:00 Russia YAK%sT
1616Zone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:44 - LMT 1922 Nov 15
1617 9:00 - VLAT 1930 Jun 21 # Vladivostok Time
1618 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1619 9:00 Russia VLA%sST 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1620 10:00 Russia VLA%sT
1621Zone Asia/Magadan 10:03:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
1622 10:00 - MAGT 1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time
1623 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1624 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1625 11:00 Russia MAG%sT
1626# This name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski, but that's too long.
1627Zone Asia/Kamchatka 10:34:36 - LMT 1922 Nov 10
1628 11:00 - PETT 1930 Jun 21 # P-K Time
1629 12:00 Russia PET%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1630 11:00 Russia PET%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1631 12:00 Russia PET%sT
1632Zone Asia/Anadyr 11:49:56 - LMT 1924 May 2
1633 12:00 - ANAT 1930 Jun 21 # Anadyr Time
1634 13:00 Russia ANA%sT 1982 Apr 1 0:00s
1635 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1636 11:00 Russia ANA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1637 12:00 Russia ANA%sT
1638
1639# Slovakia
1640Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava
1641
1642# Slovenia
1643# see Yugoslavia
1644
1645# Spain
1646# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1647# For 1917-1919 Whitman gives Apr Sat>=1 - Oct Sat>=1; go with Shanks.
1648Rule Spain 1917 only - May 5 23:00s 1:00 S
1649Rule Spain 1917 1919 - Oct 6 23:00s 0 -
1650Rule Spain 1918 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
1651Rule Spain 1919 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S
1652# Whitman gives 1921 Feb 28 - Oct 14; go with Shanks.
1653Rule Spain 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S
1654# Whitman gives 1924 Oct 14; go with Shanks.
1655Rule Spain 1924 only - Oct 4 23:00s 0 -
1656Rule Spain 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S
1657# Whitman says no DST in 1929; go with Shanks.
1658Rule Spain 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
1659Rule Spain 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S
1660Rule Spain 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S
1661Rule Spain 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S
1662# Whitman gives 1937 Jun 16, 1938 Apr 16, 1940 Apr 13; go with Shanks.
1663Rule Spain 1937 only - May 22 23:00s 1:00 S
1664Rule Spain 1937 1939 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
1665Rule Spain 1938 only - Mar 22 23:00s 1:00 S
1666Rule Spain 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
1667Rule Spain 1940 only - Mar 16 23:00s 1:00 S
1668# Whitman says no DST 1942-1945; go with Shanks.
1669Rule Spain 1942 only - May 2 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer
1670Rule Spain 1942 only - Sep 1 22:00s 1:00 S
1671Rule Spain 1943 1946 - Apr Sat>=13 22:00s 2:00 M
1672Rule Spain 1943 only - Oct 3 22:00s 1:00 S
1673Rule Spain 1944 only - Oct 10 22:00s 1:00 S
1674Rule Spain 1945 only - Sep 30 1:00 1:00 S
1675Rule Spain 1946 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
1676Rule Spain 1949 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S
1677Rule Spain 1949 only - Sep 30 1:00 0 -
1678Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Apr Sat>=13 23:00 1:00 S
1679Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 -
1680Rule Spain 1976 only - Mar 27 23:00 1:00 S
1681Rule Spain 1976 1977 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
1682Rule Spain 1977 1978 - Apr 2 23:00 1:00 S
1683Rule Spain 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
1684# The following rules are copied from Morocco from 1967 through 1978.
1685Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S
1686Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1687Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S
1688Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
1689Rule SpainAfrica 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1690Rule SpainAfrica 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 -
1691Rule SpainAfrica 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
1692Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
1693Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 -
1694# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1695Zone Europe/Madrid -0:14:44 - LMT 1901
1696 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1946 Sep 30
1697 1:00 Spain CE%sT 1979
1698 1:00 EU CE%sT
1699Zone Africa/Ceuta -0:21:16 - LMT 1901
1700 0:00 - WET 1918 May 6 23:00
1701 0:00 1:00 WEST 1918 Oct 7 23:00
1702 0:00 - WET 1924
1703 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1929
1704 0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT 1984 Mar 16
1705 1:00 - CET 1986
1706 1:00 EU CE%sT
1707Zone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C.
1708 -1:00 - CANT 1946 Sep 30 1:00 # Canaries Time
1709 0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s
1710 0:00 1:00 WEST 1980 Sep 28 0:00s
1711 0:00 EU WE%sT
1712# IATA SSIM (1996-09) says the Canaries switch at 2:00u, not 1:00u.
1713# Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU.
1714
1715# Sweden
1716# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1717Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1878 May 31
1718 1:12:12 - SMT 1900 Jan 1 1:00 # Stockholm MT
1719 1:00 - CET 1916 Apr 14 23:00s
1720 1:00 1:00 CEST 1916 Sep 30 23:00s
1721 1:00 - CET 1980
1722 1:00 EU CE%sT
1723
1724# Switzerland
1725# From Howse:
1726# By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace
1727# and their performance improved enormously. Communities began to keep
1728# mean time in preference to apparent time -- Geneva from 1780 ....
1729# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1730# From Whitman (who writes ``Midnight?''):
1731Rule Swiss 1940 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S
1732Rule Swiss 1940 only - Dec 31 0:00 0 -
1733# From Shanks:
1734Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
1735Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
1736# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1737Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1848 Sep 12
1738 0:29:44 - BMT 1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time
1739 1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981
1740 1:00 EU CE%sT
1741
1742# Turkey
1743# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1744Rule Turkey 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1745Rule Turkey 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1746Rule Turkey 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S
1747Rule Turkey 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 -
1748Rule Turkey 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
1749Rule Turkey 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
1750Rule Turkey 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
1751Rule Turkey 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
1752# Whitman gives 1923 Apr 28 - Sep 16 and no DST in 1924-1925; go with Shanks.
1753Rule Turkey 1924 only - May 13 0:00 1:00 S
1754Rule Turkey 1924 1925 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1755Rule Turkey 1925 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1756Rule Turkey 1940 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 S
1757Rule Turkey 1940 only - Oct 5 0:00 0 -
1758Rule Turkey 1940 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S
1759Rule Turkey 1941 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
1760Rule Turkey 1942 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1761# Whitman omits the next two transition and gives 1945 Oct 1; go with Shanks.
1762Rule Turkey 1942 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
1763Rule Turkey 1945 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 S
1764Rule Turkey 1945 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
1765Rule Turkey 1946 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
1766Rule Turkey 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1767Rule Turkey 1947 1948 - Apr Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
1768Rule Turkey 1947 1950 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 -
1769Rule Turkey 1949 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S
1770Rule Turkey 1950 only - Apr 19 0:00 1:00 S
1771Rule Turkey 1951 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S
1772Rule Turkey 1951 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
1773Rule Turkey 1962 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S
1774Rule Turkey 1962 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
1775Rule Turkey 1964 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
1776Rule Turkey 1964 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1777Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - May Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 S
1778Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 -
1779Rule Turkey 1973 only - Jun 3 1:00 1:00 S
1780Rule Turkey 1973 only - Nov 4 3:00 0 -
1781Rule Turkey 1974 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
1782Rule Turkey 1974 only - Nov 3 5:00 0 -
1783Rule Turkey 1975 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S
1784Rule Turkey 1975 1976 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
1785Rule Turkey 1976 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
1786Rule Turkey 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
1787Rule Turkey 1977 only - Oct 16 0:00 0 -
1788Rule Turkey 1979 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 3:00 1:00 S
1789Rule Turkey 1979 1982 - Oct Mon>=11 0:00 0 -
1790Rule Turkey 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 3:00 1:00 S
1791Rule Turkey 1983 only - Jul 31 0:00 1:00 S
1792Rule Turkey 1983 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
1793Rule Turkey 1985 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 S
1794Rule Turkey 1985 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
1795# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1796Zone Europe/Istanbul 1:55:52 - LMT 1880
1797 1:56:56 - IMT 1910 Oct # Istanbul Mean Time?
1798 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1978 Oct 15
1799 3:00 Turkey TR%sT 1985 Apr 20 # Turkey Time
1800 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1986
1801 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991
1802 2:00 EU EE%sT
1803Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents.
1804
1805# Ukraine
1806# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1807# Most of Ukraine since 1970 has been like Kiev.
1808Zone Europe/Kiev 2:02:04 - LMT 1880
1809 2:02:04 - KMT 1924 May 2 # Kiev Mean Time
1810 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
1811 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 20
1812 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Nov 6
1813 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
1814 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00
1815 2:00 - EET 1992
1816 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995
1817 2:00 EU EE%sT
1818# Ruthenia used CET 1990/1991.
1819Zone Europe/Uzhgorod 1:29:12 - LMT 1890 Oct
1820 1:00 - CET 1940
1821 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct
1822 1:00 1:00 CEST 1944 Oct 26
1823 1:00 - CET 1945 Jun 29
1824 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
1825 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00
1826 1:00 - CET 1991 Mar 31 3:00
1827 2:00 - EET 1992
1828 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995
1829 2:00 EU EE%sT
1830# Zaporozh'ye and eastern Lugansk oblasts observed DST 1990/1991.
1831# Zaporozh'ye has an apostrophe, but Posix file names can't have apostrophes.
1832Zone Europe/Zaporozhye 2:20:40 - LMT 1880
1833 2:20 - CUT 1924 May 2 # Central Ukraine T
1834 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
1835 3:00 - MSK 1941 Aug 25
1836 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Oct 25
1837 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00
1838 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995
1839 2:00 EU EE%sT
1840# Central Crimea used Moscow time 1994/1997.
1841Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880
1842 2:16 - SMT 1924 May 2 # Simferopol Mean T
1843 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
1844 3:00 - MSK 1941 Nov
1845 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Apr 13
1846 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
1847 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00
1848 2:00 - EET 1992
1849# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-11-12):
1850# The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that central Crimea switched
1851# from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections.
1852# Shanks says ``date of change uncertain'', but implies that it happened
1853# sometime between the 1994 DST switches. For now, guess it changed in May.
1854 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1994 May
1855# From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev.
1856 3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 Mar 31 3:00s
1857 3:00 1:00 MSD 1996 Oct 27 3:00s
1858# IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST.
1859# Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks.
| 1213
1214# Luxembourg
1215# Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways; go with Shanks.
1216# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1217Rule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S
1218Rule Lux 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
1219Rule Lux 1917 only - Apr 28 23:00 1:00 S
1220Rule Lux 1917 only - Sep 17 1:00 0 -
1221Rule Lux 1918 only - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S
1222Rule Lux 1918 only - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 -
1223Rule Lux 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00 1:00 S
1224Rule Lux 1919 only - Oct 5 3:00 0 -
1225Rule Lux 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S
1226Rule Lux 1920 only - Oct 24 2:00 0 -
1227Rule Lux 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00 1:00 S
1228Rule Lux 1921 only - Oct 26 2:00 0 -
1229Rule Lux 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00 1:00 S
1230Rule Lux 1922 only - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 -
1231Rule Lux 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00 1:00 S
1232Rule Lux 1923 only - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 -
1233Rule Lux 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00 1:00 S
1234Rule Lux 1924 1928 - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 -
1235Rule Lux 1925 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S
1236Rule Lux 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 S
1237Rule Lux 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 S
1238Rule Lux 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00 1:00 S
1239Rule Lux 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 S
1240# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1241Zone Europe/Luxembourg 0:24:36 - LMT 1904 Jun
1242 1:00 Lux CE%sT 1918 Nov 25
1243 0:00 Lux WE%sT 1929 Oct 6 2:00s
1244 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 14 3:00
1245 1:00 C-Eur WE%sT 1944 Sep 18 3:00
1246 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977
1247 1:00 EU CE%sT
1248
1249# Macedonia
1250# see Yugoslavia
1251
1252# Malta
1253# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1254Rule Malta 1973 only - Mar 31 0:00s 1:00 S
1255Rule Malta 1973 only - Sep 29 0:00s 0 -
1256Rule Malta 1974 only - Apr 21 0:00s 1:00 S
1257Rule Malta 1974 only - Sep 16 0:00s 0 -
1258Rule Malta 1975 1979 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S
1259Rule Malta 1975 1980 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
1260Rule Malta 1980 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
1261# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1262Zone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 2 # Valletta
1263 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
1264 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s
1265 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1973 Mar 31
1266 1:00 Malta CE%sT 1981
1267 1:00 EU CE%sT
1268
1269# Moldova
1270# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1271Zone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1880
1272 1:55 - CMT 1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT
1273 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
1274 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1940 Aug 15
1275 2:00 1:00 EEST 1941 Jul 17
1276 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 24
1277 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
1278 3:00 - MSK 1990 May 6
1279 2:00 - EET 1991
1280 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992
1281 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997
1282# See Romania commentary for the guessed 1997 transition to EU rules.
1283 2:00 EU EE%sT
1284Zone Europe/Tiraspol 1:58:32 - LMT 1880
1285 1:55 - CMT 1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT
1286 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
1287 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1940 Aug 15
1288 2:00 1:00 EEST 1941 Jul 17
1289 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 24
1290 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00
1291 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00
1292 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD
1293
1294# Monaco
1295# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's more precise 0:09:21.
1296# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1297Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15
1298 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
1299 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
1300 1:00 France CE%sT 1977
1301 1:00 EU CE%sT
1302
1303# Netherlands
1304# Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940,
1305# but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time.
1306# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1307# Shanks gives 1916 Apr 30 24:00 and 1916 Oct 1 00:00; go with Whitman.
1308Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time
1309Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time
1310Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST
1311Rule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT
1312# Whitman gives 1918 Apr 14, 1918 Oct 31, and 1921 Sep 28; go with Shanks.
1313Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
1314Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep Mon>=24 2:00s 0 AMT
1315Rule Neth 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 NST
1316# Whitman gives 1939 Oct 1; go with Shanks.
1317Rule Neth 1922 1936 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 AMT
1318Rule Neth 1923 only - Jun 1 2:00s 1:00 NST
1319Rule Neth 1924 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 NST
1320# Whitman gives 1925 Apr 5; go with Shanks.
1321Rule Neth 1925 only - Jun 5 2:00s 1:00 NST
1322# For 1926 through 1930 Whitman gives Apr 15; go with Shanks.
1323Rule Neth 1926 1931 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST
1324Rule Neth 1932 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST
1325Rule Neth 1933 1936 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST
1326Rule Neth 1937 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST
1327Rule Neth 1937 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S
1328Rule Neth 1937 1939 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 -
1329# Whitman gives 1939 Apr 15 and 1940 Apr 19; go with Shanks.
1330Rule Neth 1938 1939 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 S
1331Rule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
1332Rule Neth 1945 only - May 20 2:00s 0 -
1333# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1334Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:28 - LMT 1892 May
1335 0:19:28 Neth %s 1937 Jul
1336 0:20 Neth NE%sT 1940 May 16 0:40
1337 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
1338 1:00 Neth CE%sT 1977
1339 1:00 EU CE%sT
1340
1341# Norway
1342# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1343# Whitman gives 1916 May 21 - 1916 Oct 21; go with Shanks.
1344Rule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 S
1345Rule Norway 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
1346# Whitman says DST observed 1935-08-11/1942-11-01, then 1943-03-29/10-04,
1347# 1944-04-03/10-02, and 1945-04-01/10-01; go with Shanks.
1348Rule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
1349Rule Norway 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 -
1350Rule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 S
1351Rule Norway 1959 1965 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
1352Rule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 S
1353# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1354Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895
1355 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1940 Aug 10 23:00
1356 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
1357 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1980
1358 1:00 EU CE%sT
1359
1360# Svalbard & Jan Mayen
1361Link Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen
1362# From Whitman:
1363# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1364Zone Atlantic/Jan_Mayen -1:00 - EGT
1365
1366# Poland
1367# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1368Rule Poland 1918 1919 - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
1369Rule Poland 1919 only - Apr 15 2:00s 1:00 S
1370# Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks.
1371Rule Poland 1944 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
1372# For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks.
1373Rule Poland 1945 only - Apr 29 0:00 1:00 S
1374Rule Poland 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
1375Rule Poland 1946 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 S
1376Rule Poland 1946 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 -
1377Rule Poland 1947 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 S
1378Rule Poland 1947 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
1379Rule Poland 1948 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 S
1380# Whitman also gives 1949 Apr 9 - 1949 Oct 1; go with Shanks.
1381Rule Poland 1957 only - Jun 2 1:00s 1:00 S
1382Rule Poland 1957 1958 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
1383Rule Poland 1958 only - Mar 30 1:00s 1:00 S
1384Rule Poland 1959 only - May 31 1:00s 1:00 S
1385Rule Poland 1959 1961 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00s 0 -
1386Rule Poland 1960 only - Apr 3 1:00s 1:00 S
1387Rule Poland 1961 1964 - May Sun>=25 1:00s 1:00 S
1388Rule Poland 1962 1964 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
1389# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1390Zone Europe/Warsaw 1:24:00 - LMT 1880
1391 1:24:00 - WMT 1915 Aug 5 # Warsaw Mean Time
1392 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Sep 16 3:00
1393 2:00 Poland EE%sT 1922 Jun
1394 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1940 Jun 23 2:00
1395 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct
1396 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1977 Apr 3 1:00
1397 1:00 W-Eur CE%sT 1999
1398# IATA SSIM (1991/1996) gives EU rules, but the _The Warsaw Voice_
1399# <a href="http://www.warsawvoice.com.pl/v361/NewsInBrief.shtml">
1400# http://www.warsawvoice.com/pl/v361/NewsInBrief.shtml (1995-09-24)
1401# </a>
1402# says the autumn 1995 switch was at 02:00.
1403# Stick with W-Eur for now.
1404#
1405# From Marcin.Kasperski@softax.com.pl (1999-06-10):
1406# According to my colleagues someone recently decided, that Poland would
1407# follow European Union regulations, so - I think - the matter is not
1408# worth further discussion.
1409#
1410# From Paul Eggert (1999-06-10):
1411# Kasperski also writes that the government futzed with the rules in 1997
1412# or 1998 but he doesn't remember the details. Assume they switched to
1413# EU rules in 1999.
1414 1:00 EU CE%sT
1415
1416# Portugal
1417#
1418# From Rui Pedro Salgueiro <rps@inescca.inescc.pt> (1992-11-12):
1419# Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone
1420# (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC.
1421#
1422# Martin Bruckmann <martin@ua.pt> (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve
1423# that Portugal is reverting to 0:00 by not moving its clocks this spring.
1424# The new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter.
1425#
1426# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-12):
1427# IATA SSIM (1991-09) reports several 1991-09 and 1992-09 transitions
1428# at 02:00u, not 01:00u. Assume that these are typos.
1429# IATA SSIM (1991/1992) reports that the Azores were at -1:00.
1430# IATA SSIM (1993-02) says +0:00; later issues (through 1996-09) say -1:00.
1431# Guess that the Azores changed to EU rules in 1992 (since that's when Portugal
1432# harmonized with the EU), and that they stayed +0:00 that winter.
1433#
1434# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1435# DSH writes that despite Decree 1,469 (1915), the change to the clocks was not
1436# done every year, depending on what Spain did, because of railroad schedules.
1437# Go with Shanks.
1438Rule Port 1916 only - Jun 17 23:00 1:00 S
1439# Whitman gives 1916 Oct 31; go with Shanks.
1440Rule Port 1916 only - Nov 1 1:00 0 -
1441Rule Port 1917 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S
1442Rule Port 1917 1921 - Oct 14 23:00s 0 -
1443Rule Port 1918 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
1444Rule Port 1919 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S
1445Rule Port 1920 only - Feb 29 23:00s 1:00 S
1446Rule Port 1921 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S
1447Rule Port 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S
1448Rule Port 1924 only - Oct 14 23:00s 0 -
1449Rule Port 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S
1450Rule Port 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
1451Rule Port 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S
1452Rule Port 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S
1453Rule Port 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S
1454Rule Port 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S
1455# Whitman gives 1931 Oct 8; go with Shanks.
1456Rule Port 1931 1932 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
1457Rule Port 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S
1458# Shanks gives 1934 Apr 4; go with Whitman.
1459Rule Port 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S
1460# Whitman gives 1934 Oct 5; go with Shanks.
1461Rule Port 1934 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
1462# Shanks gives 1935 Apr 30; go with Whitman.
1463Rule Port 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S
1464Rule Port 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S
1465# Whitman gives 1937 Apr 2; go with Shanks.
1466Rule Port 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S
1467Rule Port 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S
1468Rule Port 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
1469# Whitman gives 1939 Oct 7; go with Shanks.
1470Rule Port 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 -
1471Rule Port 1940 only - Feb 24 23:00s 1:00 S
1472# Shanks gives 1940 Oct 7; go with Whitman.
1473Rule Port 1940 1941 - Oct 5 23:00s 0 -
1474Rule Port 1941 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S
1475Rule Port 1942 1945 - Mar Sat>=8 23:00s 1:00 S
1476Rule Port 1942 only - Apr 25 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer
1477Rule Port 1942 only - Aug 15 22:00s 1:00 S
1478Rule Port 1942 1945 - Oct Sat>=24 23:00s 0 -
1479Rule Port 1943 only - Apr 17 22:00s 2:00 M
1480Rule Port 1943 1945 - Aug Sat>=25 22:00s 1:00 S
1481Rule Port 1944 1945 - Apr Sat>=21 22:00s 2:00 M
1482Rule Port 1946 only - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 S
1483Rule Port 1946 only - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
1484Rule Port 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
1485Rule Port 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
1486# Shanks says DST was observed in 1950; go with Whitman.
1487# Whitman gives Oct lastSun for 1952 on; go with Shanks.
1488Rule Port 1951 1965 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
1489Rule Port 1951 1965 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
1490Rule Port 1977 only - Mar 27 0:00s 1:00 S
1491Rule Port 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00s 0 -
1492Rule Port 1978 1979 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 S
1493Rule Port 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
1494Rule Port 1979 1982 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
1495Rule Port 1980 only - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S
1496Rule Port 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
1497Rule Port 1983 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
1498# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1499Zone Europe/Lisbon -0:36:32 - LMT 1884
1500 -0:36:32 - LMT 1911 May 24 # Lisbon Mean Time
1501 0:00 Port WE%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00
1502 1:00 - CET 1976 Sep 26 1:00
1503 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
1504 0:00 W-Eur WE%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s
1505 1:00 EU CE%sT 1996 Mar 31 1:00u
1506 0:00 EU WE%sT
1507Zone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada
1508 -1:55 - HMT 1911 May 24 # Horta Mean Time
1509 -2:00 Port AZO%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Azores Time
1510 -1:00 Port AZO%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
1511 -1:00 W-Eur AZO%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s
1512 0:00 EU WE%sT 1993 Mar 28 1:00u
1513 -1:00 EU AZO%sT
1514Zone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal
1515 -1:08 - FMT 1911 May 24 # Funchal Mean Time
1516 -1:00 Port MAD%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Madeira Time
1517 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
1518 0:00 EU WE%sT
1519
1520# Romania
1521#
1522# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-07):
1523# <a href="http://www.nineoclock.ro/POL/1778pol.html">
1524# Nine O'clock</a> (1998-10-23) reports that the switch occurred at
1525# 04:00 local time in fall 1998. For lack of better info,
1526# assume that Romania and Moldova switched to EU rules in 1997,
1527# the same year as Bulgaria.
1528#
1529# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1530Rule Romania 1932 only - May 21 0:00s 1:00 S
1531Rule Romania 1932 1939 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 -
1532Rule Romania 1933 1939 - Apr Sun>=2 0:00s 1:00 S
1533Rule Romania 1979 only - May 27 0:00 1:00 S
1534Rule Romania 1979 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1535Rule Romania 1980 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S
1536Rule Romania 1980 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
1537Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S
1538Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
1539# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1540Zone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct
1541 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
1542 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00s
1543 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991
1544 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1994
1545 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997
1546 2:00 EU EE%sT
1547
1548# Russia
1549
1550# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-11-12):
1551# Except for Moscow after 1919-07-01, I invented the time zone abbreviations.
1552# Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991,
1553# are from Andrey A. Chernov. The rest is from Shanks, except we follow
1554# Chernov's report that 1992 DST transitions were Sat 23:00, not Sun 02:00s.
1555#
1556# From Andrey A. Chernov <ache@nagual.ru> (1996-10-04):
1557# `MSK' and `MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with
1558# Unix-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group)....
1559# The next step was the UUCP network, the Relcom predecessor
1560# (used mainly for mail), and MSK/MSD was actively used there.
1561#
1562# From Chris Carrier <72157.3334@CompuServe.COM> (1996-10-30):
1563# According to a friend of mine who rode the Trans-Siberian Railroad from
1564# Moscow to Irkutsk in 1995, public air and rail transport in Russia ...
1565# still follows Moscow time, no matter where in Russia it is located.
1566#
1567# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1568Zone Europe/Kaliningrad 1:22:00 - LMT 1893 Apr
1569 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945
1570 2:00 Poland CE%sT 1946
1571 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1572 2:00 Russia EE%sT
1573Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:20 - LMT 1880
1574 2:30 - MMT 1916 Jul 3 # Moscow Mean Time
1575 2:30:48 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 2:00
1576 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1922 Oct
1577 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
1578 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1579 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1580 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD
1581Zone Europe/Samara 3:20:36 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 2:00
1582 3:00 - KUYT 1930 Jun 21 # Kuybyshev
1583 4:00 Russia KUY%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
1584 3:00 Russia KUY%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1585 2:00 Russia KUY%sT 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1586 3:00 - KUYT 1991 Oct 20 3:00
1587 4:00 Russia SAM%sT # Samara Time
1588Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:24 - LMT 1919 Jul 15 4:00
1589 4:00 - SVET 1930 Jun 21 # Sverdlovsk Time
1590 5:00 Russia SVE%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1591 4:00 Russia SVE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1592 5:00 Russia YEK%sT # Yekaterinburg Time
1593Zone Asia/Omsk 4:53:36 - LMT 1919 Nov 14
1594 5:00 - OMST 1930 Jun 21 # Omsk TIme
1595 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1596 5:00 Russia OMS%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1597 6:00 Russia OMS%sT
1598# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski <S.A.Kuz@iae.nsk.su> (1994-06-29):
1599# But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow!
1600# I do not know why they have decided to make this change;
1601# as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching
1602# so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch.
1603Zone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 14 6:00
1604 6:00 - NOVT 1930 Jun 21 # Novosibirsk Time
1605 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1606 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1607 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1993 May 23 # says Shanks
1608 6:00 Russia NOV%sT
1609Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk 6:11:20 - LMT 1920 Jan 6
1610 6:00 - KRAT 1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time
1611 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1612 6:00 Russia KRA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1613 7:00 Russia KRA%sT
1614Zone Asia/Irkutsk 6:57:20 - LMT 1880
1615 6:57:20 - IMT 1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time
1616 7:00 - IRKT 1930 Jun 21 # Irkutsk Time
1617 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1618 7:00 Russia IRK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1619 8:00 Russia IRK%sT
1620Zone Asia/Yakutsk 8:38:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 15
1621 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
1622 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1623 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1624 9:00 Russia YAK%sT
1625Zone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:44 - LMT 1922 Nov 15
1626 9:00 - VLAT 1930 Jun 21 # Vladivostok Time
1627 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1628 9:00 Russia VLA%sST 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1629 10:00 Russia VLA%sT
1630Zone Asia/Magadan 10:03:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
1631 10:00 - MAGT 1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time
1632 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1633 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1634 11:00 Russia MAG%sT
1635# This name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski, but that's too long.
1636Zone Asia/Kamchatka 10:34:36 - LMT 1922 Nov 10
1637 11:00 - PETT 1930 Jun 21 # P-K Time
1638 12:00 Russia PET%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1639 11:00 Russia PET%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1640 12:00 Russia PET%sT
1641Zone Asia/Anadyr 11:49:56 - LMT 1924 May 2
1642 12:00 - ANAT 1930 Jun 21 # Anadyr Time
1643 13:00 Russia ANA%sT 1982 Apr 1 0:00s
1644 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1645 11:00 Russia ANA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1646 12:00 Russia ANA%sT
1647
1648# Slovakia
1649Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava
1650
1651# Slovenia
1652# see Yugoslavia
1653
1654# Spain
1655# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1656# For 1917-1919 Whitman gives Apr Sat>=1 - Oct Sat>=1; go with Shanks.
1657Rule Spain 1917 only - May 5 23:00s 1:00 S
1658Rule Spain 1917 1919 - Oct 6 23:00s 0 -
1659Rule Spain 1918 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
1660Rule Spain 1919 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S
1661# Whitman gives 1921 Feb 28 - Oct 14; go with Shanks.
1662Rule Spain 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S
1663# Whitman gives 1924 Oct 14; go with Shanks.
1664Rule Spain 1924 only - Oct 4 23:00s 0 -
1665Rule Spain 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S
1666# Whitman says no DST in 1929; go with Shanks.
1667Rule Spain 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
1668Rule Spain 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S
1669Rule Spain 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S
1670Rule Spain 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S
1671# Whitman gives 1937 Jun 16, 1938 Apr 16, 1940 Apr 13; go with Shanks.
1672Rule Spain 1937 only - May 22 23:00s 1:00 S
1673Rule Spain 1937 1939 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
1674Rule Spain 1938 only - Mar 22 23:00s 1:00 S
1675Rule Spain 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
1676Rule Spain 1940 only - Mar 16 23:00s 1:00 S
1677# Whitman says no DST 1942-1945; go with Shanks.
1678Rule Spain 1942 only - May 2 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer
1679Rule Spain 1942 only - Sep 1 22:00s 1:00 S
1680Rule Spain 1943 1946 - Apr Sat>=13 22:00s 2:00 M
1681Rule Spain 1943 only - Oct 3 22:00s 1:00 S
1682Rule Spain 1944 only - Oct 10 22:00s 1:00 S
1683Rule Spain 1945 only - Sep 30 1:00 1:00 S
1684Rule Spain 1946 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
1685Rule Spain 1949 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S
1686Rule Spain 1949 only - Sep 30 1:00 0 -
1687Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Apr Sat>=13 23:00 1:00 S
1688Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 -
1689Rule Spain 1976 only - Mar 27 23:00 1:00 S
1690Rule Spain 1976 1977 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
1691Rule Spain 1977 1978 - Apr 2 23:00 1:00 S
1692Rule Spain 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
1693# The following rules are copied from Morocco from 1967 through 1978.
1694Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S
1695Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1696Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S
1697Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
1698Rule SpainAfrica 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1699Rule SpainAfrica 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 -
1700Rule SpainAfrica 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
1701Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
1702Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 -
1703# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1704Zone Europe/Madrid -0:14:44 - LMT 1901
1705 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1946 Sep 30
1706 1:00 Spain CE%sT 1979
1707 1:00 EU CE%sT
1708Zone Africa/Ceuta -0:21:16 - LMT 1901
1709 0:00 - WET 1918 May 6 23:00
1710 0:00 1:00 WEST 1918 Oct 7 23:00
1711 0:00 - WET 1924
1712 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1929
1713 0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT 1984 Mar 16
1714 1:00 - CET 1986
1715 1:00 EU CE%sT
1716Zone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C.
1717 -1:00 - CANT 1946 Sep 30 1:00 # Canaries Time
1718 0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s
1719 0:00 1:00 WEST 1980 Sep 28 0:00s
1720 0:00 EU WE%sT
1721# IATA SSIM (1996-09) says the Canaries switch at 2:00u, not 1:00u.
1722# Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU.
1723
1724# Sweden
1725# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1726Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1878 May 31
1727 1:12:12 - SMT 1900 Jan 1 1:00 # Stockholm MT
1728 1:00 - CET 1916 Apr 14 23:00s
1729 1:00 1:00 CEST 1916 Sep 30 23:00s
1730 1:00 - CET 1980
1731 1:00 EU CE%sT
1732
1733# Switzerland
1734# From Howse:
1735# By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace
1736# and their performance improved enormously. Communities began to keep
1737# mean time in preference to apparent time -- Geneva from 1780 ....
1738# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1739# From Whitman (who writes ``Midnight?''):
1740Rule Swiss 1940 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S
1741Rule Swiss 1940 only - Dec 31 0:00 0 -
1742# From Shanks:
1743Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
1744Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
1745# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1746Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1848 Sep 12
1747 0:29:44 - BMT 1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time
1748 1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981
1749 1:00 EU CE%sT
1750
1751# Turkey
1752# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1753Rule Turkey 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1754Rule Turkey 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1755Rule Turkey 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S
1756Rule Turkey 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 -
1757Rule Turkey 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
1758Rule Turkey 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
1759Rule Turkey 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
1760Rule Turkey 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
1761# Whitman gives 1923 Apr 28 - Sep 16 and no DST in 1924-1925; go with Shanks.
1762Rule Turkey 1924 only - May 13 0:00 1:00 S
1763Rule Turkey 1924 1925 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1764Rule Turkey 1925 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1765Rule Turkey 1940 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 S
1766Rule Turkey 1940 only - Oct 5 0:00 0 -
1767Rule Turkey 1940 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S
1768Rule Turkey 1941 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
1769Rule Turkey 1942 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1770# Whitman omits the next two transition and gives 1945 Oct 1; go with Shanks.
1771Rule Turkey 1942 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
1772Rule Turkey 1945 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 S
1773Rule Turkey 1945 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
1774Rule Turkey 1946 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
1775Rule Turkey 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1776Rule Turkey 1947 1948 - Apr Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
1777Rule Turkey 1947 1950 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 -
1778Rule Turkey 1949 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S
1779Rule Turkey 1950 only - Apr 19 0:00 1:00 S
1780Rule Turkey 1951 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S
1781Rule Turkey 1951 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
1782Rule Turkey 1962 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S
1783Rule Turkey 1962 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
1784Rule Turkey 1964 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
1785Rule Turkey 1964 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1786Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - May Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 S
1787Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 -
1788Rule Turkey 1973 only - Jun 3 1:00 1:00 S
1789Rule Turkey 1973 only - Nov 4 3:00 0 -
1790Rule Turkey 1974 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
1791Rule Turkey 1974 only - Nov 3 5:00 0 -
1792Rule Turkey 1975 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S
1793Rule Turkey 1975 1976 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
1794Rule Turkey 1976 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
1795Rule Turkey 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
1796Rule Turkey 1977 only - Oct 16 0:00 0 -
1797Rule Turkey 1979 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 3:00 1:00 S
1798Rule Turkey 1979 1982 - Oct Mon>=11 0:00 0 -
1799Rule Turkey 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 3:00 1:00 S
1800Rule Turkey 1983 only - Jul 31 0:00 1:00 S
1801Rule Turkey 1983 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
1802Rule Turkey 1985 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 S
1803Rule Turkey 1985 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
1804# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1805Zone Europe/Istanbul 1:55:52 - LMT 1880
1806 1:56:56 - IMT 1910 Oct # Istanbul Mean Time?
1807 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1978 Oct 15
1808 3:00 Turkey TR%sT 1985 Apr 20 # Turkey Time
1809 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1986
1810 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991
1811 2:00 EU EE%sT
1812Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents.
1813
1814# Ukraine
1815# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1816# Most of Ukraine since 1970 has been like Kiev.
1817Zone Europe/Kiev 2:02:04 - LMT 1880
1818 2:02:04 - KMT 1924 May 2 # Kiev Mean Time
1819 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
1820 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 20
1821 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Nov 6
1822 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
1823 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00
1824 2:00 - EET 1992
1825 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995
1826 2:00 EU EE%sT
1827# Ruthenia used CET 1990/1991.
1828Zone Europe/Uzhgorod 1:29:12 - LMT 1890 Oct
1829 1:00 - CET 1940
1830 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct
1831 1:00 1:00 CEST 1944 Oct 26
1832 1:00 - CET 1945 Jun 29
1833 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
1834 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00
1835 1:00 - CET 1991 Mar 31 3:00
1836 2:00 - EET 1992
1837 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995
1838 2:00 EU EE%sT
1839# Zaporozh'ye and eastern Lugansk oblasts observed DST 1990/1991.
1840# Zaporozh'ye has an apostrophe, but Posix file names can't have apostrophes.
1841Zone Europe/Zaporozhye 2:20:40 - LMT 1880
1842 2:20 - CUT 1924 May 2 # Central Ukraine T
1843 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
1844 3:00 - MSK 1941 Aug 25
1845 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Oct 25
1846 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00
1847 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995
1848 2:00 EU EE%sT
1849# Central Crimea used Moscow time 1994/1997.
1850Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880
1851 2:16 - SMT 1924 May 2 # Simferopol Mean T
1852 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
1853 3:00 - MSK 1941 Nov
1854 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Apr 13
1855 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
1856 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00
1857 2:00 - EET 1992
1858# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-11-12):
1859# The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that central Crimea switched
1860# from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections.
1861# Shanks says ``date of change uncertain'', but implies that it happened
1862# sometime between the 1994 DST switches. For now, guess it changed in May.
1863 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1994 May
1864# From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev.
1865 3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 Mar 31 3:00s
1866 3:00 1:00 MSD 1996 Oct 27 3:00s
1867# IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST.
1868# Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks.
|
1860 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u
| 1869 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1997
1870 3:00 - MSK 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u
|
1861 2:00 EU EE%sT
1862
1863# Yugoslavia
1864# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1865Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884
1866 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
1867 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s
1868 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
1869# Metod Kozelj <metod.kozelj@rzs-hm.si> reports that the legal date of
1870# transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time.
1871# Shanks doesn't give as much detail, so go with Kozelj.
1872 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27
1873 1:00 EU CE%sT
1874Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana # Slovenia
1875Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Sarajevo # Bosnia and Herzegovina
1876Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Skopje # Macedonia
1877Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Zagreb # Croatia
1878
1879###############################################################################
1880
1881# One source shows that Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, and Greece observe DST from
1882# the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in September in 1986.
1883# The source shows Romania changing a day later than everybody else.
1884#
1885# According to Bernard Sieloff's source, Poland is in the MET time zone but
1886# uses the WE DST rules. The Western USSR uses EET+1 and ME DST rules.
1887# Bernard Sieloff's source claims Romania switches on the same day, but at
1888# 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST). It also claims that Turkey
1889# switches on the same day, but switches on at 01:00 standard time
1890# and off at 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST)
1891
1892# ...
1893# Date: Wed, 28 Jan 87 16:56:27 -0100
1894# From: seismo!mcvax!cgcha!wtho (Tom Hofmann)
1895# Message-Id: <8701281556.AA22174@cgcha.uucp>
1896# ...
1897#
1898# ...the European time rules are...standardized since 1981, when
1899# most European coun[tr]ies started DST. Before that year, only
1900# a few countries (UK, France, Italy) had DST, each according
1901# to own national rules. In 1981, however, DST started on
1902# 'Apr firstSun', and not on 'Mar lastSun' as in the following
1903# years...
1904# But also since 1981 there are some more national exceptions
1905# than listed in 'europe': Switzerland, for example, joined DST
1906# one year later, Denmark ended DST on 'Oct 1' instead of 'Sep
1907# lastSun' in 1981---I don't know how they handle now.
1908#
1909# Finally, DST ist always from 'Apr 1' to 'Oct 1' in the
1910# Soviet Union (as far as I know).
1911#
1912# Tom Hofmann, Scientific Computer Center, CIBA-GEIGY AG,
1913# 4002 Basle, Switzerland
1914# UUCP: ...!mcvax!cernvax!cgcha!wtho
1915
1916# ...
1917# Date: Wed, 4 Feb 87 22:35:22 +0100
1918# From: seismo!mcvax!cwi.nl!dik (Dik T. Winter)
1919# ...
1920#
1921# The information from Tom Hofmann is (as far as I know) not entirely correct.
1922# After a request from chongo at amdahl I tried to retrieve all information
1923# about DST in Europe. I was able to find all from about 1969.
1924#
1925# ...standardization on DST in Europe started in about 1977 with switches on
1926# first Sunday in April and last Sunday in September...
1927# In 1981 UK joined Europe insofar that
1928# the starting day for both shifted to last Sunday in March. And from 1982
1929# the whole of Europe used DST, with switch dates April 1 and October 1 in
1930# the Sov[i]et Union. In 1985 the SU reverted to standard Europe[a]n switch
1931# dates...
1932#
1933# It should also be remembered that time-zones are not constants; e.g.
1934# Portugal switched in 1976 from MET (or CET) to WET with DST...
1935# Note also that though there were rules for switch dates not
1936# all countries abided to these dates, and many individual deviations
1937# occurred, though not since 1982 I believe. Another note: it is always
1938# assumed that DST is 1 hour ahead of normal time, this need not be the
1939# case; at least in the Netherlands there have been times when DST was 2 hours
1940# in advance of normal time.
1941#
1942# ...
1943# dik t. winter, cwi, amsterdam, nederland
1944# INTERNET : dik@cwi.nl
1945# BITNET/EARN: dik@mcvax
1946
1947# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
1948# ...
1949# Greece: Last Sunday in April to last Sunday in September (iffy on dates).
1950# Since 1978. Change at midnight.
1951# ...
1952# Monaco: has same DST as France.
1953# ...
| 1871 2:00 EU EE%sT
1872
1873# Yugoslavia
1874# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1875Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884
1876 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
1877 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s
1878 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
1879# Metod Kozelj <metod.kozelj@rzs-hm.si> reports that the legal date of
1880# transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time.
1881# Shanks doesn't give as much detail, so go with Kozelj.
1882 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27
1883 1:00 EU CE%sT
1884Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana # Slovenia
1885Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Sarajevo # Bosnia and Herzegovina
1886Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Skopje # Macedonia
1887Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Zagreb # Croatia
1888
1889###############################################################################
1890
1891# One source shows that Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, and Greece observe DST from
1892# the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in September in 1986.
1893# The source shows Romania changing a day later than everybody else.
1894#
1895# According to Bernard Sieloff's source, Poland is in the MET time zone but
1896# uses the WE DST rules. The Western USSR uses EET+1 and ME DST rules.
1897# Bernard Sieloff's source claims Romania switches on the same day, but at
1898# 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST). It also claims that Turkey
1899# switches on the same day, but switches on at 01:00 standard time
1900# and off at 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST)
1901
1902# ...
1903# Date: Wed, 28 Jan 87 16:56:27 -0100
1904# From: seismo!mcvax!cgcha!wtho (Tom Hofmann)
1905# Message-Id: <8701281556.AA22174@cgcha.uucp>
1906# ...
1907#
1908# ...the European time rules are...standardized since 1981, when
1909# most European coun[tr]ies started DST. Before that year, only
1910# a few countries (UK, France, Italy) had DST, each according
1911# to own national rules. In 1981, however, DST started on
1912# 'Apr firstSun', and not on 'Mar lastSun' as in the following
1913# years...
1914# But also since 1981 there are some more national exceptions
1915# than listed in 'europe': Switzerland, for example, joined DST
1916# one year later, Denmark ended DST on 'Oct 1' instead of 'Sep
1917# lastSun' in 1981---I don't know how they handle now.
1918#
1919# Finally, DST ist always from 'Apr 1' to 'Oct 1' in the
1920# Soviet Union (as far as I know).
1921#
1922# Tom Hofmann, Scientific Computer Center, CIBA-GEIGY AG,
1923# 4002 Basle, Switzerland
1924# UUCP: ...!mcvax!cernvax!cgcha!wtho
1925
1926# ...
1927# Date: Wed, 4 Feb 87 22:35:22 +0100
1928# From: seismo!mcvax!cwi.nl!dik (Dik T. Winter)
1929# ...
1930#
1931# The information from Tom Hofmann is (as far as I know) not entirely correct.
1932# After a request from chongo at amdahl I tried to retrieve all information
1933# about DST in Europe. I was able to find all from about 1969.
1934#
1935# ...standardization on DST in Europe started in about 1977 with switches on
1936# first Sunday in April and last Sunday in September...
1937# In 1981 UK joined Europe insofar that
1938# the starting day for both shifted to last Sunday in March. And from 1982
1939# the whole of Europe used DST, with switch dates April 1 and October 1 in
1940# the Sov[i]et Union. In 1985 the SU reverted to standard Europe[a]n switch
1941# dates...
1942#
1943# It should also be remembered that time-zones are not constants; e.g.
1944# Portugal switched in 1976 from MET (or CET) to WET with DST...
1945# Note also that though there were rules for switch dates not
1946# all countries abided to these dates, and many individual deviations
1947# occurred, though not since 1982 I believe. Another note: it is always
1948# assumed that DST is 1 hour ahead of normal time, this need not be the
1949# case; at least in the Netherlands there have been times when DST was 2 hours
1950# in advance of normal time.
1951#
1952# ...
1953# dik t. winter, cwi, amsterdam, nederland
1954# INTERNET : dik@cwi.nl
1955# BITNET/EARN: dik@mcvax
1956
1957# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
1958# ...
1959# Greece: Last Sunday in April to last Sunday in September (iffy on dates).
1960# Since 1978. Change at midnight.
1961# ...
1962# Monaco: has same DST as France.
1963# ...
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