1# @(#)europe 7.90
| 1# @(#)europe 7.95
|
2
3# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
4# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
5# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
6
| 2
3# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
4# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
5# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
6
|
7# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-10-29):
| 7# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
|
8# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
9# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition),
10# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999).
11#
12# Gwillim Law writes that a good source
13# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
14# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
15# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
16# of the IATA's data after 1990.
17#
18# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1991,
19# and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
20#
21# Other sources occasionally used include:
22#
23# Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
24# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated),
25# which I found in the UCLA library.
26#
27# <a href="http://www.pettswoodvillage.co.uk/Daylight_Savings_William_Willett.pdf">
28# William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition
29# </a> (1914-03)
30#
31# Brazil's Departamento Servico da Hora (DSH),
32# <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HISTHV.htm">
33# History of Summer Time
34# </a> (1998-09-21, in Portuguese)
35
36#
37# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
38# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
39# Corrections are welcome!
40# std dst 2dst
41# LMT Local Mean Time
42# -4:00 AST ADT Atlantic
43# -3:00 WGT WGST Western Greenland*
44# -1:00 EGT EGST Eastern Greenland*
45# 0:00 GMT BST BDST Greenwich, British Summer
46# 0:00 GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer
47# 0:00 WET WEST WEMT Western Europe
48# 0:19:32.13 AMT NST Amsterdam, Netherlands Summer (1835-1937)*
49# 0:20 NET NEST Netherlands (1937-1940)*
50# 1:00 CET CEST CEMT Central Europe
51# 1:00:14 SET Swedish (1879-1899)*
52# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe
53# 3:00 MSK MSD Moscow
54#
55# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones, especially in Britain,
56# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
57
| 8# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
9# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition),
10# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999).
11#
12# Gwillim Law writes that a good source
13# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
14# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
15# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
16# of the IATA's data after 1990.
17#
18# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1991,
19# and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
20#
21# Other sources occasionally used include:
22#
23# Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
24# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated),
25# which I found in the UCLA library.
26#
27# <a href="http://www.pettswoodvillage.co.uk/Daylight_Savings_William_Willett.pdf">
28# William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition
29# </a> (1914-03)
30#
31# Brazil's Departamento Servico da Hora (DSH),
32# <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HISTHV.htm">
33# History of Summer Time
34# </a> (1998-09-21, in Portuguese)
35
36#
37# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
38# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
39# Corrections are welcome!
40# std dst 2dst
41# LMT Local Mean Time
42# -4:00 AST ADT Atlantic
43# -3:00 WGT WGST Western Greenland*
44# -1:00 EGT EGST Eastern Greenland*
45# 0:00 GMT BST BDST Greenwich, British Summer
46# 0:00 GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer
47# 0:00 WET WEST WEMT Western Europe
48# 0:19:32.13 AMT NST Amsterdam, Netherlands Summer (1835-1937)*
49# 0:20 NET NEST Netherlands (1937-1940)*
50# 1:00 CET CEST CEMT Central Europe
51# 1:00:14 SET Swedish (1879-1899)*
52# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe
53# 3:00 MSK MSD Moscow
54#
55# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones, especially in Britain,
56# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
57
|
58# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-12-04),
| 58# From Peter Ilieve (1994-12-04),
|
59# The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy,
60# Luxembourg, the Netherlands.
61# Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom.
62# Plus, from 1 Jan 81: Greece.
63# Plus, from 1 Jan 86: Spain, Portugal.
64# Plus, from 1 Jan 95: Austria, Finland, Sweden. (Norway negotiated terms for
65# entry but in a referendum on 28 Nov 94 the people voted No by 52.2% to 47.8%
66# on a turnout of 88.6%. This was almost the same result as Norway's previous
67# referendum in 1972, they are the only country to have said No twice.
68# Referendums in the other three countries voted Yes.)
69# ...
70# Estonia ... uses EU dates but not at 01:00 GMT, they use midnight GMT.
71# I don't think they know yet what they will do from 1996 onwards.
72# ...
73# There shouldn't be any [current members who are not using EU rules].
74# A Directive has the force of law, member states are obliged to enact
75# national law to implement it. The only contentious issue was the
76# different end date for the UK and Ireland, and this was always allowed
77# in the Directive.
78
79
80###############################################################################
81
82# Britain (United Kingdom) and Ireland (Eire)
83
| 59# The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy,
60# Luxembourg, the Netherlands.
61# Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom.
62# Plus, from 1 Jan 81: Greece.
63# Plus, from 1 Jan 86: Spain, Portugal.
64# Plus, from 1 Jan 95: Austria, Finland, Sweden. (Norway negotiated terms for
65# entry but in a referendum on 28 Nov 94 the people voted No by 52.2% to 47.8%
66# on a turnout of 88.6%. This was almost the same result as Norway's previous
67# referendum in 1972, they are the only country to have said No twice.
68# Referendums in the other three countries voted Yes.)
69# ...
70# Estonia ... uses EU dates but not at 01:00 GMT, they use midnight GMT.
71# I don't think they know yet what they will do from 1996 onwards.
72# ...
73# There shouldn't be any [current members who are not using EU rules].
74# A Directive has the force of law, member states are obliged to enact
75# national law to implement it. The only contentious issue was the
76# different end date for the UK and Ireland, and this was always allowed
77# in the Directive.
78
79
80###############################################################################
81
82# Britain (United Kingdom) and Ireland (Eire)
83
|
84# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-07-06):
| 84# From Peter Ilieve (1994-07-06):
|
85#
86# On 17 Jan 1994 the Independent, a UK quality newspaper, had a piece about
87# historical vistas along the Thames in west London. There was a photo
88# and a sketch map showing some of the sightlines involved. One paragraph
89# of the text said:
90#
91# `An old stone obelisk marking a forgotten terrestrial meridian stands
92# beside the river at Kew. In the 18th century, before time and longitude
93# was standardised by the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, scholars observed
94# this stone and the movement of stars from Kew Observatory nearby. They
95# made their calculations and set the time for the Horse Guards and Parliament,
96# but now the stone is obscured by scrubwood and can only be seen by walking
97# along the towpath within a few yards of it.'
98#
99# I have a one inch to one mile map of London and my estimate of the stone's
100# position is 51 deg. 28' 30" N, 0 deg. 18' 45" W. The longitude should
101# be within about +-2". The Ordnance Survey grid reference is TQ172761.
102#
103# [This yields GMTOFF = -0:01:15 for London LMT in the 18th century.]
104
| 85#
86# On 17 Jan 1994 the Independent, a UK quality newspaper, had a piece about
87# historical vistas along the Thames in west London. There was a photo
88# and a sketch map showing some of the sightlines involved. One paragraph
89# of the text said:
90#
91# `An old stone obelisk marking a forgotten terrestrial meridian stands
92# beside the river at Kew. In the 18th century, before time and longitude
93# was standardised by the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, scholars observed
94# this stone and the movement of stars from Kew Observatory nearby. They
95# made their calculations and set the time for the Horse Guards and Parliament,
96# but now the stone is obscured by scrubwood and can only be seen by walking
97# along the towpath within a few yards of it.'
98#
99# I have a one inch to one mile map of London and my estimate of the stone's
100# position is 51 deg. 28' 30" N, 0 deg. 18' 45" W. The longitude should
101# be within about +-2". The Ordnance Survey grid reference is TQ172761.
102#
103# [This yields GMTOFF = -0:01:15 for London LMT in the 18th century.]
104
|
105# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1993-11-18):
| 105# From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18):
|
106#
107# Howse writes that Britain was the first country to use standard time.
108# The railways cared most about the inconsistencies of local mean time,
109# and it was they who forced a uniform time on the country.
110# The original idea was credited to Dr. William Hyde Wollaston (1766-1828)
111# and was popularized by Abraham Follett Osler (1808-1903).
112# The first railway to adopt London time was the Great Western Railway
113# in November 1840; other railways followed suit, and by 1847 most
114# (though not all) railways used London time. On 1847-09-22 the
115# Railway Clearing House, an industry standards body, recommended that GMT be
116# adopted at all stations as soon as the General Post Office permitted it.
117# The transition occurred on 12-01 for the L&NW, the Caledonian,
118# and presumably other railways; the January 1848 Bradshaw's lists many
119# railways as using GMT. By 1855 the vast majority of public
120# clocks in Britain were set to GMT (though some, like the great clock
121# on Tom Tower at Christ Church, Oxford, were fitted with two minute hands,
122# one for local time and one for GMT). The last major holdout was the legal
123# system, which stubbornly stuck to local time for many years, leading
124# to oddities like polls opening at 08:13 and closing at 16:13.
125# The legal system finally switched to GMT when the Statutes (Definition
126# of Time) Act took effect; it received the Royal Assent on 1880-08-02.
127#
128# In the tables below, we condense this complicated story into a single
129# transition date for London, namely 1847-12-01. We don't know as much
130# about Dublin, so we use 1880-08-02, the legal transition time.
131
132# From Paul Eggert (2003-09-27):
133# Summer Time was first seriously proposed by William Willett (1857-1915),
134# a London builder and member of the Royal Astronomical Society
135# who circulated a pamphlet ``The Waste of Daylight'' (1907)
136# that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April,
137# and retarding them by the same amount on four Sundays in September.
138# A bill was drafted in 1909 and introduced in Parliament several times,
139# but it met with ridicule and opposition, especially from farming interests.
140# Later editions of the pamphlet proposed one-hour summer time, and
141# it was eventually adopted as a wartime measure in 1916.
142# See: Summer Time Arrives Early, The Times (2000-05-18).
143# A monument to Willett was unveiled on 1927-05-21, in an open space in
144# a 45-acre wood near Chislehurst, Kent that was purchased by popular
145# subscription and open to the public. On the south face of the monolith,
146# designed by G. W. Miller, is the the William Willett Memorial Sundial,
147# which is permanently set to Summer Time.
148
149# From Winston Churchill (1934-04-28):
150# It is one of the paradoxes of history that we should owe the boon of
151# summer time, which gives every year to the people of this country
152# between 160 and 170 hours more daylight leisure, to a war which
153# plunged Europe into darkness for four years, and shook the
154# foundations of civilization throughout the world.
155# -- <a href="http://www.winstonchurchill.org/fh114willett.htm">
156# "A Silent Toast to William Willett", Pictorial Weekly
157# </a>
158
159# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
160# The OED Supplement says that the English originally said ``Daylight Saving''
161# when they were debating the adoption of DST in 1908; but by 1916 this
162# term appears only in quotes taken from DST's opponents, whereas the
163# proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using ``Summer''.
164
165# From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-19):
166#
167# A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's
168# known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom.
169
170# Date: 4 Jan 89 08:57:25 GMT (Wed)
| 106#
107# Howse writes that Britain was the first country to use standard time.
108# The railways cared most about the inconsistencies of local mean time,
109# and it was they who forced a uniform time on the country.
110# The original idea was credited to Dr. William Hyde Wollaston (1766-1828)
111# and was popularized by Abraham Follett Osler (1808-1903).
112# The first railway to adopt London time was the Great Western Railway
113# in November 1840; other railways followed suit, and by 1847 most
114# (though not all) railways used London time. On 1847-09-22 the
115# Railway Clearing House, an industry standards body, recommended that GMT be
116# adopted at all stations as soon as the General Post Office permitted it.
117# The transition occurred on 12-01 for the L&NW, the Caledonian,
118# and presumably other railways; the January 1848 Bradshaw's lists many
119# railways as using GMT. By 1855 the vast majority of public
120# clocks in Britain were set to GMT (though some, like the great clock
121# on Tom Tower at Christ Church, Oxford, were fitted with two minute hands,
122# one for local time and one for GMT). The last major holdout was the legal
123# system, which stubbornly stuck to local time for many years, leading
124# to oddities like polls opening at 08:13 and closing at 16:13.
125# The legal system finally switched to GMT when the Statutes (Definition
126# of Time) Act took effect; it received the Royal Assent on 1880-08-02.
127#
128# In the tables below, we condense this complicated story into a single
129# transition date for London, namely 1847-12-01. We don't know as much
130# about Dublin, so we use 1880-08-02, the legal transition time.
131
132# From Paul Eggert (2003-09-27):
133# Summer Time was first seriously proposed by William Willett (1857-1915),
134# a London builder and member of the Royal Astronomical Society
135# who circulated a pamphlet ``The Waste of Daylight'' (1907)
136# that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April,
137# and retarding them by the same amount on four Sundays in September.
138# A bill was drafted in 1909 and introduced in Parliament several times,
139# but it met with ridicule and opposition, especially from farming interests.
140# Later editions of the pamphlet proposed one-hour summer time, and
141# it was eventually adopted as a wartime measure in 1916.
142# See: Summer Time Arrives Early, The Times (2000-05-18).
143# A monument to Willett was unveiled on 1927-05-21, in an open space in
144# a 45-acre wood near Chislehurst, Kent that was purchased by popular
145# subscription and open to the public. On the south face of the monolith,
146# designed by G. W. Miller, is the the William Willett Memorial Sundial,
147# which is permanently set to Summer Time.
148
149# From Winston Churchill (1934-04-28):
150# It is one of the paradoxes of history that we should owe the boon of
151# summer time, which gives every year to the people of this country
152# between 160 and 170 hours more daylight leisure, to a war which
153# plunged Europe into darkness for four years, and shook the
154# foundations of civilization throughout the world.
155# -- <a href="http://www.winstonchurchill.org/fh114willett.htm">
156# "A Silent Toast to William Willett", Pictorial Weekly
157# </a>
158
159# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
160# The OED Supplement says that the English originally said ``Daylight Saving''
161# when they were debating the adoption of DST in 1908; but by 1916 this
162# term appears only in quotes taken from DST's opponents, whereas the
163# proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using ``Summer''.
164
165# From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-19):
166#
167# A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's
168# known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom.
169
170# Date: 4 Jan 89 08:57:25 GMT (Wed)
|
171# From: Jonathan Leffler <nih-csl!uunet!mcvax!sphinx.co.uk!john>
| 171# From: Jonathan Leffler
|
172# [British Summer Time] is fixed annually by Act of Parliament.
173# If you can predict what Parliament will do, you should be in
174# politics making a fortune, not computing.
175
| 172# [British Summer Time] is fixed annually by Act of Parliament.
173# If you can predict what Parliament will do, you should be in
174# politics making a fortune, not computing.
175
|
176# From Chris Carrier <72157.3334@CompuServe.COM> (1996-06-14):
| 176# From Chris Carrier (1996-06-14):
|
177# I remember reading in various wartime issues of the London Times the
178# acronym BDST for British Double Summer Time. Look for the published
179# time of sunrise and sunset in The Times, when BDST was in effect, and
180# if you find a zone reference it will say, "All times B.D.S.T."
181
182# From Joseph S. Myers (1999-09-02):
183# ... some military cables (WO 219/4100 - this is a copy from the
184# main SHAEF archives held in the US National Archives, SHAEF/5252/8/516)
185# agree that the usage is BDST (this appears in a message dated 17 Feb 1945).
186
187# From Joseph S. Myers (2000-10-03):
188# On 18th April 1941, Sir Stephen Tallents of the BBC wrote to Sir
189# Alexander Maxwell of the Home Office asking whether there was any
190# official designation; the reply of the 21st was that there wasn't
191# but he couldn't think of anything better than the "Double British
192# Summer Time" that the BBC had been using informally.
193# http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/bbc-19410418.png
194# http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/ho-19410421.png
195
196# From Sir Alexander Maxwell in the above-mentioned letter (1941-04-21):
197# [N]o official designation has as far as I know been adopted for the time
198# which is to be introduced in May....
199# I cannot think of anything better than "Double British Summer Time"
200# which could not be said to run counter to any official description.
201
202# From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
203# Howse writes (p 157) `DBST' too, but `BDST' seems to have been common
204# and follows the more usual convention of putting the location name first,
205# so we use `BDST'.
206
| 177# I remember reading in various wartime issues of the London Times the
178# acronym BDST for British Double Summer Time. Look for the published
179# time of sunrise and sunset in The Times, when BDST was in effect, and
180# if you find a zone reference it will say, "All times B.D.S.T."
181
182# From Joseph S. Myers (1999-09-02):
183# ... some military cables (WO 219/4100 - this is a copy from the
184# main SHAEF archives held in the US National Archives, SHAEF/5252/8/516)
185# agree that the usage is BDST (this appears in a message dated 17 Feb 1945).
186
187# From Joseph S. Myers (2000-10-03):
188# On 18th April 1941, Sir Stephen Tallents of the BBC wrote to Sir
189# Alexander Maxwell of the Home Office asking whether there was any
190# official designation; the reply of the 21st was that there wasn't
191# but he couldn't think of anything better than the "Double British
192# Summer Time" that the BBC had been using informally.
193# http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/bbc-19410418.png
194# http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/ho-19410421.png
195
196# From Sir Alexander Maxwell in the above-mentioned letter (1941-04-21):
197# [N]o official designation has as far as I know been adopted for the time
198# which is to be introduced in May....
199# I cannot think of anything better than "Double British Summer Time"
200# which could not be said to run counter to any official description.
201
202# From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
203# Howse writes (p 157) `DBST' too, but `BDST' seems to have been common
204# and follows the more usual convention of putting the location name first,
205# so we use `BDST'.
206
|
207# Peter Ilieve <peter@aldie.co.uk> (1998-04-19) described at length
| 207# Peter Ilieve (1998-04-19) described at length
|
208# the history of summer time legislation in the United Kingdom.
| 208# the history of summer time legislation in the United Kingdom.
|
209# Since 1998 Joseph S. Myers <jsm28@cam.ac.uk> has been updating
| 209# Since 1998 Joseph S. Myers has been updating
|
210# and extending this list, which can be found in
211# <a href="http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/">
212# History of legal time in Britain
213# </a>
214
| 210# and extending this list, which can be found in
211# <a href="http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/">
212# History of legal time in Britain
213# </a>
214
|
215# From Joseph S. Myers <jsm28@cam.ac.uk> (1998-01-06):
| 215# From Joseph S. Myers (1998-01-06):
|
216#
217# The legal time in the UK outside of summer time is definitely GMT, not UTC;
218# see Lord Tanlaw's speech
219# <a href="http://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/ld199697/ldhansrd/pdvn/lds97/text/70611-20.htm#70611-20_head0">
220# (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976)
221# </a>.
222
223# From Paul Eggert (2001-07-18):
224#
225# For lack of other data, we'll follow Shanks for Eire in 1940-1948.
226#
227# Given Ilieve and Myers's data, the following claims by Shanks are incorrect:
228# * Wales did not switch from GMT to daylight saving time until
229# 1921 Apr 3, when they began to conform with the rest of Great Britain.
230# Actually, Wales was identical after 1880.
231# * Eire had two transitions on 1916 Oct 1.
232# It actually just had one transition.
233# * Northern Ireland used single daylight saving time throughout WW II.
234# Actually, it conformed to Britain.
235# * GB-Eire changed standard time to 1 hour ahead of GMT on 1968-02-18.
236# Actually, that date saw the usual switch to summer time.
237# Standard time was not changed until 1968-10-27 (the clocks didn't change).
238#
239# Here is another incorrect claim by Shanks:
240# * Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man did not switch from GMT
241# to daylight saving time until 1921 Apr 3, when they began to
242# conform with Great Britain.
243# S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382 and HO 45/10811/312364 (quoted above) say otherwise.
244#
245# The following claim by Shanks is possible though doubtful;
246# we'll ignore it for now.
247# * Dublin's 1971-10-31 switch was at 02:00, even though London's was 03:00.
248#
249#
250# Whitman says Dublin Mean Time was -0:25:21, which is more precise than Shanks.
251# Perhaps this was Dunsink Observatory Time, as Dunsink Observatory
252# (8 km NW of Dublin's center) seemingly was to Dublin as Greenwich was
253# to London. For example:
254#
255# "Timeball on the ballast office is down. Dunsink time."
256# -- James Joyce, Ulysses
257
| 216#
217# The legal time in the UK outside of summer time is definitely GMT, not UTC;
218# see Lord Tanlaw's speech
219# <a href="http://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/ld199697/ldhansrd/pdvn/lds97/text/70611-20.htm#70611-20_head0">
220# (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976)
221# </a>.
222
223# From Paul Eggert (2001-07-18):
224#
225# For lack of other data, we'll follow Shanks for Eire in 1940-1948.
226#
227# Given Ilieve and Myers's data, the following claims by Shanks are incorrect:
228# * Wales did not switch from GMT to daylight saving time until
229# 1921 Apr 3, when they began to conform with the rest of Great Britain.
230# Actually, Wales was identical after 1880.
231# * Eire had two transitions on 1916 Oct 1.
232# It actually just had one transition.
233# * Northern Ireland used single daylight saving time throughout WW II.
234# Actually, it conformed to Britain.
235# * GB-Eire changed standard time to 1 hour ahead of GMT on 1968-02-18.
236# Actually, that date saw the usual switch to summer time.
237# Standard time was not changed until 1968-10-27 (the clocks didn't change).
238#
239# Here is another incorrect claim by Shanks:
240# * Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man did not switch from GMT
241# to daylight saving time until 1921 Apr 3, when they began to
242# conform with Great Britain.
243# S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382 and HO 45/10811/312364 (quoted above) say otherwise.
244#
245# The following claim by Shanks is possible though doubtful;
246# we'll ignore it for now.
247# * Dublin's 1971-10-31 switch was at 02:00, even though London's was 03:00.
248#
249#
250# Whitman says Dublin Mean Time was -0:25:21, which is more precise than Shanks.
251# Perhaps this was Dunsink Observatory Time, as Dunsink Observatory
252# (8 km NW of Dublin's center) seemingly was to Dublin as Greenwich was
253# to London. For example:
254#
255# "Timeball on the ballast office is down. Dunsink time."
256# -- James Joyce, Ulysses
257
|
| 258# From Joseph S. Myers (2005-01-26):
259# Irish laws are available online at www.irishstatutebook.ie. These include
260# various relating to legal time, for example:
261#
262# ZZA13Y1923.html ZZA12Y1924.html ZZA8Y1925.html ZZSIV20PG1267.html
263#
264# ZZSI71Y1947.html ZZSI128Y1948.html ZZSI23Y1949.html ZZSI41Y1950.html
265# ZZSI27Y1951.html ZZSI73Y1952.html
266#
267# ZZSI11Y1961.html ZZSI232Y1961.html ZZSI182Y1962.html
268# ZZSI167Y1963.html ZZSI257Y1964.html ZZSI198Y1967.html
269# ZZA23Y1968.html ZZA17Y1971.html
270#
271# ZZSI67Y1981.html ZZSI212Y1982.html ZZSI45Y1986.html
272# ZZSI264Y1988.html ZZSI52Y1990.html ZZSI371Y1992.html
273# ZZSI395Y1994.html ZZSI484Y1997.html ZZSI506Y2001.html
274#
275# [These are all relative to the root, e.g., the first is
276# <http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/ZZA13Y1923.html>.]
277#
278# (These are those I found, but there could be more. In any case these
279# should allow various updates to the comments in the europe file to cover
280# the laws applicable in Ireland.)
281#
282# (Note that the time in the Republic of Ireland since 1968 has been defined
283# in terms of standard time being GMT+1 with a period of winter time when it
284# is GMT, rather than standard time being GMT with a period of summer time
285# being GMT+1.)
286
|
258# From Paul Eggert (1999-03-28):
259# Clive Feather (<news:859845706.26043.0@office.demon.net>, 1997-03-31)
260# reports that Folkestone (Cheriton) Shuttle Terminal uses Concession Time
261# (CT), equivalent to French civil time.
262# Julian Hill (<news:36118128.5A14@virgin.net>, 1998-09-30) reports that
263# trains between Dollands Moor (the freight facility next door)
264# and Frethun run in CT.
265# My admittedly uninformed guess is that the terminal has two authorities,
266# the French concession operators and the British civil authorities,
267# and that the time depends on who you're talking to.
268# If, say, the British police were called to the station for some reason,
269# I would expect the official police report to use GMT/BST and not CET/CEST.
270# This is a borderline case, but for now let's stick to GMT/BST.
271
272# From an anonymous contributor (1996-06-02):
273# The law governing time in Ireland is under Statutory Instrument SI 395/94,
274# which gives force to European Union 7th Council Directive # 94/21/EC.
275# Under this directive, the Minister for Justice in Ireland makes appropriate
276# regulations. I spoke this morning with the Secretary of the Department of
277# Justice (tel +353 1 678 9711) who confirmed to me that the correct name is
278# "Irish Summer Time", abbreviated to "IST".
279
280# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
281# Summer Time Act, 1916
282Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - May 21 2:00s 1:00 BST
283Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 GMT
284# S.R.&O. 1917, No. 358
285Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 BST
286Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 GMT
287# S.R.&O. 1918, No. 274
288Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Mar 24 2:00s 1:00 BST
289Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Sep 30 2:00s 0 GMT
290# S.R.&O. 1919, No. 297
291Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 BST
292Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Sep 29 2:00s 0 GMT
293# S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458
294Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Mar 28 2:00s 1:00 BST
295# S.R.&O. 1920, No. 1844
296Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Oct 25 2:00s 0 GMT
297# S.R.&O. 1921, No. 363
298Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST
299Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 GMT
300# S.R.&O. 1922, No. 264
301Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 BST
302Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Oct 8 2:00s 0 GMT
303# The Summer Time Act, 1922
304Rule GB-Eire 1923 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
305Rule GB-Eire 1923 1924 - Sep Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT
306Rule GB-Eire 1924 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
307Rule GB-Eire 1925 1926 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
308# The Summer Time Act, 1925
309Rule GB-Eire 1925 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT
310Rule GB-Eire 1927 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
311Rule GB-Eire 1928 1929 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
312Rule GB-Eire 1930 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
313Rule GB-Eire 1931 1932 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
314Rule GB-Eire 1933 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
315Rule GB-Eire 1934 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
316Rule GB-Eire 1935 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
317Rule GB-Eire 1936 1937 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
318Rule GB-Eire 1938 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
319Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
320# S.R.&O. 1939, No. 1379
321Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Nov Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT
322# S.R.&O. 1940, No. 172 and No. 1883
323Rule GB-Eire 1940 only - Feb Sun>=23 2:00s 1:00 BST
324# S.R.&O. 1941, No. 476
325Rule GB-Eire 1941 only - May Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST
326Rule GB-Eire 1941 1943 - Aug Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST
327# S.R.&O. 1942, No. 506
328Rule GB-Eire 1942 1944 - Apr Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST
329# S.R.&O. 1944, No. 932
330Rule GB-Eire 1944 only - Sep Sun>=16 1:00s 1:00 BST
331# S.R.&O. 1945, No. 312
332Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Apr Mon>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST
333Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Jul Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST
334# S.R.&O. 1945, No. 1208
335Rule GB-Eire 1945 1946 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT
336Rule GB-Eire 1946 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
337# The Summer Time Act, 1947
338Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Mar 16 2:00s 1:00 BST
339Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Apr 13 1:00s 2:00 BDST
340Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Aug 10 1:00s 1:00 BST
341Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 GMT
342# Summer Time Order, 1948 (S.I. 1948/495)
343Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Mar 14 2:00s 1:00 BST
344Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Oct 31 2:00s 0 GMT
345# Summer Time Order, 1949 (S.I. 1949/373)
346Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST
347Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Oct 30 2:00s 0 GMT
348# Summer Time Order, 1950 (S.I. 1950/518)
349# Summer Time Order, 1951 (S.I. 1951/430)
350# Summer Time Order, 1952 (S.I. 1952/451)
351Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Apr Sun>=14 2:00s 1:00 BST
352Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00s 0 GMT
353# revert to the rules of the Summer Time Act, 1925
354Rule GB-Eire 1953 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
355Rule GB-Eire 1953 1960 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT
356Rule GB-Eire 1954 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
357Rule GB-Eire 1955 1956 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
358Rule GB-Eire 1957 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
359Rule GB-Eire 1958 1959 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
360Rule GB-Eire 1960 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
361# Summer Time Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/71)
362# Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/2465)
363# Summer Time Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/81)
364Rule GB-Eire 1961 1963 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 BST
365Rule GB-Eire 1961 1968 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT
366# Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/2101)
367# Summer Time Order, 1964 (S.I. 1964/1201)
368# Summer Time Order, 1967 (S.I. 1967/1148)
369Rule GB-Eire 1964 1967 - Mar Sun>=19 2:00s 1:00 BST
370# Summer Time Order, 1968 (S.I. 1968/117)
371Rule GB-Eire 1968 only - Feb 18 2:00s 1:00 BST
372# The British Standard Time Act, 1968
373# (no summer time)
374# The Summer Time Act, 1972
375Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
376Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT
377# Summer Time Order, 1980 (S.I. 1980/1089)
378# Summer Time Order, 1982 (S.I. 1982/1673)
379# Summer Time Order, 1986 (S.I. 1986/223)
380# Summer Time Order, 1988 (S.I. 1988/931)
381Rule GB-Eire 1981 1995 - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 BST
382Rule GB-Eire 1981 1989 - Oct Sun>=23 1:00u 0 GMT
383# Summer Time Order, 1989 (S.I. 1989/985)
384# Summer Time Order, 1992 (S.I. 1992/1729)
385# Summer Time Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2798)
386Rule GB-Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u 0 GMT
387# Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982)
388# See EU for rules starting in 1996.
389
390# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
391Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Dec 1
392 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27
393 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
394 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996
395 0:00 EU GMT/BST
| 287# From Paul Eggert (1999-03-28):
288# Clive Feather (<news:859845706.26043.0@office.demon.net>, 1997-03-31)
289# reports that Folkestone (Cheriton) Shuttle Terminal uses Concession Time
290# (CT), equivalent to French civil time.
291# Julian Hill (<news:36118128.5A14@virgin.net>, 1998-09-30) reports that
292# trains between Dollands Moor (the freight facility next door)
293# and Frethun run in CT.
294# My admittedly uninformed guess is that the terminal has two authorities,
295# the French concession operators and the British civil authorities,
296# and that the time depends on who you're talking to.
297# If, say, the British police were called to the station for some reason,
298# I would expect the official police report to use GMT/BST and not CET/CEST.
299# This is a borderline case, but for now let's stick to GMT/BST.
300
301# From an anonymous contributor (1996-06-02):
302# The law governing time in Ireland is under Statutory Instrument SI 395/94,
303# which gives force to European Union 7th Council Directive # 94/21/EC.
304# Under this directive, the Minister for Justice in Ireland makes appropriate
305# regulations. I spoke this morning with the Secretary of the Department of
306# Justice (tel +353 1 678 9711) who confirmed to me that the correct name is
307# "Irish Summer Time", abbreviated to "IST".
308
309# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
310# Summer Time Act, 1916
311Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - May 21 2:00s 1:00 BST
312Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 GMT
313# S.R.&O. 1917, No. 358
314Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 BST
315Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 GMT
316# S.R.&O. 1918, No. 274
317Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Mar 24 2:00s 1:00 BST
318Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Sep 30 2:00s 0 GMT
319# S.R.&O. 1919, No. 297
320Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 BST
321Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Sep 29 2:00s 0 GMT
322# S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458
323Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Mar 28 2:00s 1:00 BST
324# S.R.&O. 1920, No. 1844
325Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Oct 25 2:00s 0 GMT
326# S.R.&O. 1921, No. 363
327Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST
328Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 GMT
329# S.R.&O. 1922, No. 264
330Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 BST
331Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Oct 8 2:00s 0 GMT
332# The Summer Time Act, 1922
333Rule GB-Eire 1923 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
334Rule GB-Eire 1923 1924 - Sep Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT
335Rule GB-Eire 1924 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
336Rule GB-Eire 1925 1926 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
337# The Summer Time Act, 1925
338Rule GB-Eire 1925 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT
339Rule GB-Eire 1927 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
340Rule GB-Eire 1928 1929 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
341Rule GB-Eire 1930 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
342Rule GB-Eire 1931 1932 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
343Rule GB-Eire 1933 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
344Rule GB-Eire 1934 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
345Rule GB-Eire 1935 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
346Rule GB-Eire 1936 1937 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
347Rule GB-Eire 1938 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
348Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
349# S.R.&O. 1939, No. 1379
350Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Nov Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT
351# S.R.&O. 1940, No. 172 and No. 1883
352Rule GB-Eire 1940 only - Feb Sun>=23 2:00s 1:00 BST
353# S.R.&O. 1941, No. 476
354Rule GB-Eire 1941 only - May Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST
355Rule GB-Eire 1941 1943 - Aug Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST
356# S.R.&O. 1942, No. 506
357Rule GB-Eire 1942 1944 - Apr Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST
358# S.R.&O. 1944, No. 932
359Rule GB-Eire 1944 only - Sep Sun>=16 1:00s 1:00 BST
360# S.R.&O. 1945, No. 312
361Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Apr Mon>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST
362Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Jul Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST
363# S.R.&O. 1945, No. 1208
364Rule GB-Eire 1945 1946 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT
365Rule GB-Eire 1946 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
366# The Summer Time Act, 1947
367Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Mar 16 2:00s 1:00 BST
368Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Apr 13 1:00s 2:00 BDST
369Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Aug 10 1:00s 1:00 BST
370Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 GMT
371# Summer Time Order, 1948 (S.I. 1948/495)
372Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Mar 14 2:00s 1:00 BST
373Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Oct 31 2:00s 0 GMT
374# Summer Time Order, 1949 (S.I. 1949/373)
375Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST
376Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Oct 30 2:00s 0 GMT
377# Summer Time Order, 1950 (S.I. 1950/518)
378# Summer Time Order, 1951 (S.I. 1951/430)
379# Summer Time Order, 1952 (S.I. 1952/451)
380Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Apr Sun>=14 2:00s 1:00 BST
381Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00s 0 GMT
382# revert to the rules of the Summer Time Act, 1925
383Rule GB-Eire 1953 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
384Rule GB-Eire 1953 1960 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT
385Rule GB-Eire 1954 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
386Rule GB-Eire 1955 1956 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
387Rule GB-Eire 1957 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
388Rule GB-Eire 1958 1959 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
389Rule GB-Eire 1960 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST
390# Summer Time Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/71)
391# Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/2465)
392# Summer Time Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/81)
393Rule GB-Eire 1961 1963 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 BST
394Rule GB-Eire 1961 1968 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT
395# Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/2101)
396# Summer Time Order, 1964 (S.I. 1964/1201)
397# Summer Time Order, 1967 (S.I. 1967/1148)
398Rule GB-Eire 1964 1967 - Mar Sun>=19 2:00s 1:00 BST
399# Summer Time Order, 1968 (S.I. 1968/117)
400Rule GB-Eire 1968 only - Feb 18 2:00s 1:00 BST
401# The British Standard Time Act, 1968
402# (no summer time)
403# The Summer Time Act, 1972
404Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST
405Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT
406# Summer Time Order, 1980 (S.I. 1980/1089)
407# Summer Time Order, 1982 (S.I. 1982/1673)
408# Summer Time Order, 1986 (S.I. 1986/223)
409# Summer Time Order, 1988 (S.I. 1988/931)
410Rule GB-Eire 1981 1995 - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 BST
411Rule GB-Eire 1981 1989 - Oct Sun>=23 1:00u 0 GMT
412# Summer Time Order, 1989 (S.I. 1989/985)
413# Summer Time Order, 1992 (S.I. 1992/1729)
414# Summer Time Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2798)
415Rule GB-Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u 0 GMT
416# Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982)
417# See EU for rules starting in 1996.
418
419# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
420Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Dec 1
421 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27
422 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
423 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996
424 0:00 EU GMT/BST
|
396Zone Europe/Belfast -0:23:40 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
397 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 # Dublin/Dunsink MT
398 -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s # Irish Summer Time
399 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27
400 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
401 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996
402 0:00 EU GMT/BST
| |
403Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:00 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
404 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00
405 -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s
406 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1921 Dec 6 # independence
407 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1940 Feb 25 2:00
408 0:00 1:00 IST 1946 Oct 6 2:00
409 0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00
410 0:00 1:00 IST 1947 Nov 2 2:00
411 0:00 - GMT 1948 Apr 18 2:00
412 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1968 Oct 27
413 1:00 - IST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
414 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1996
415 0:00 EU GMT/IST
416
417###############################################################################
418
419# Continental Europe
420
421# EU rules are for the European Union, previously known as the EC, EEC,
422# Common Market, etc.
423
424# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
425Rule EU 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00u 1:00 S
426Rule EU 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
427Rule EU 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00u 0 -
428Rule EU 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
429Rule EU 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
430Rule EU 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 -
431# The most recent directive covers the years starting in 2002. See:
432# <a href="http://europa.eu.int/eur-lex/en/lif/dat/2000/en_300L0084.html"
433# Directive 2000/84/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council
434# of 19 January 2001 on summer-time arrangements.
435# </a>
436
437# W-Eur differs from EU only in that W-Eur uses standard time.
438Rule W-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S
439Rule W-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
440Rule W-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00s 0 -
441Rule W-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
442Rule W-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
443Rule W-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 -
444
445# Older C-Eur rules are for convenience in the tables.
446# From 1977 on, C-Eur differs from EU only in that C-Eur uses standard time.
447Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S
448Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
449Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S
450Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 -
451Rule C-Eur 1940 only - Apr 1 2:00s 1:00 S
452Rule C-Eur 1942 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 -
453Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00s 1:00 S
454Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00s 0 -
455Rule C-Eur 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S
456# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 7; go with Shanks.
457Rule C-Eur 1944 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 -
458Rule C-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
459Rule C-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
460Rule C-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 -
461Rule C-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
462Rule C-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
463Rule C-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
464
465# E-Eur differs from EU only in that E-Eur switches at midnight local time.
466Rule E-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
467Rule E-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
468Rule E-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
469Rule E-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
470Rule E-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
471Rule E-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
472
473# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
474Rule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 MST # Moscow Summer Time
475Rule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 MMT # Moscow Mean Time
476Rule Russia 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 MDST # Moscow Double Summer Time
477Rule Russia 1918 only - Sep 16 1:00 1:00 MST
478Rule Russia 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 MDST
479Rule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 S
480Rule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 -
481Rule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S
482Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 M # Midsummer
483Rule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 S
484Rule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
485# Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1980-10-24):
486Rule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
487Rule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
488# Act No.967 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1984-09-13), repeated in
489# Act No.227 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1989-03-14):
490Rule Russia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
491Rule Russia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
492#
493Rule Russia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S
494Rule Russia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 -
495Rule Russia 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
496Rule Russia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
497Rule Russia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
498
499# These are for backward compatibility with older versions.
500
501# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
502Zone WET 0:00 EU WE%sT
503Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT
504Zone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT
505Zone EET 2:00 EU EE%sT
506
507# Previous editions of this database used abbreviations like MET DST
508# for Central European Summer Time, but this didn't agree with common usage.
509
| 425Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:00 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
426 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00
427 -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s
428 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1921 Dec 6 # independence
429 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1940 Feb 25 2:00
430 0:00 1:00 IST 1946 Oct 6 2:00
431 0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00
432 0:00 1:00 IST 1947 Nov 2 2:00
433 0:00 - GMT 1948 Apr 18 2:00
434 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1968 Oct 27
435 1:00 - IST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u
436 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1996
437 0:00 EU GMT/IST
438
439###############################################################################
440
441# Continental Europe
442
443# EU rules are for the European Union, previously known as the EC, EEC,
444# Common Market, etc.
445
446# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
447Rule EU 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00u 1:00 S
448Rule EU 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
449Rule EU 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00u 0 -
450Rule EU 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
451Rule EU 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
452Rule EU 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 -
453# The most recent directive covers the years starting in 2002. See:
454# <a href="http://europa.eu.int/eur-lex/en/lif/dat/2000/en_300L0084.html"
455# Directive 2000/84/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council
456# of 19 January 2001 on summer-time arrangements.
457# </a>
458
459# W-Eur differs from EU only in that W-Eur uses standard time.
460Rule W-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S
461Rule W-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
462Rule W-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00s 0 -
463Rule W-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
464Rule W-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
465Rule W-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 -
466
467# Older C-Eur rules are for convenience in the tables.
468# From 1977 on, C-Eur differs from EU only in that C-Eur uses standard time.
469Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S
470Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
471Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S
472Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 -
473Rule C-Eur 1940 only - Apr 1 2:00s 1:00 S
474Rule C-Eur 1942 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 -
475Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00s 1:00 S
476Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00s 0 -
477Rule C-Eur 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S
478# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 7; go with Shanks.
479Rule C-Eur 1944 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 -
480Rule C-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
481Rule C-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
482Rule C-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 -
483Rule C-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
484Rule C-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
485Rule C-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
486
487# E-Eur differs from EU only in that E-Eur switches at midnight local time.
488Rule E-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
489Rule E-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
490Rule E-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
491Rule E-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
492Rule E-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
493Rule E-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
494
495# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
496Rule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 MST # Moscow Summer Time
497Rule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 MMT # Moscow Mean Time
498Rule Russia 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 MDST # Moscow Double Summer Time
499Rule Russia 1918 only - Sep 16 1:00 1:00 MST
500Rule Russia 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 MDST
501Rule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 S
502Rule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 -
503Rule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S
504Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 M # Midsummer
505Rule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 S
506Rule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
507# Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1980-10-24):
508Rule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
509Rule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
510# Act No.967 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1984-09-13), repeated in
511# Act No.227 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1989-03-14):
512Rule Russia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
513Rule Russia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
514#
515Rule Russia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S
516Rule Russia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 -
517Rule Russia 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
518Rule Russia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
519Rule Russia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
520
521# These are for backward compatibility with older versions.
522
523# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
524Zone WET 0:00 EU WE%sT
525Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT
526Zone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT
527Zone EET 2:00 EU EE%sT
528
529# Previous editions of this database used abbreviations like MET DST
530# for Central European Summer Time, but this didn't agree with common usage.
531
|
510# From Markus Kuhn <mskuhn@unrza3.dialin.rrze.uni-erlangen.de> (1996-07-12):
| 532# From Markus Kuhn (1996-07-12):
|
511# The official German names ... are
512#
513# Mitteleuropaeische Zeit (MEZ) = UTC+01:00
514# Mitteleuropaeische Sommerzeit (MESZ) = UTC+02:00
515#
516# as defined in the German Time Act (Gesetz ueber die Zeitbestimmung (ZeitG),
517# 1978-07-25, Bundesgesetzblatt, Jahrgang 1978, Teil I, S. 1110-1111)....
518# I wrote ... to the German Federal Physical-Technical Institution
519#
520# Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB)
521# Laboratorium 4.41 "Zeiteinheit"
522# Postfach 3345
523# D-38023 Braunschweig
524# phone: +49 531 592-0
525#
526# ... I received today an answer letter from Dr. Peter Hetzel, head of the PTB
527# department for time and frequency transmission. He explained that the
528# PTB translates MEZ and MESZ into English as
529#
530# Central European Time (CET) = UTC+01:00
531# Central European Summer Time (CEST) = UTC+02:00
532
533
534# Albania
535# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
536Rule Albania 1940 only - Jun 16 0:00 1:00 S
537Rule Albania 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 -
538Rule Albania 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S
539Rule Albania 1943 only - Apr 10 3:00 0 -
540Rule Albania 1974 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 S
541Rule Albania 1974 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
542Rule Albania 1975 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
543Rule Albania 1975 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
544Rule Albania 1976 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S
545Rule Albania 1976 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
546Rule Albania 1977 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S
547Rule Albania 1977 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
548Rule Albania 1978 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S
549Rule Albania 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
550Rule Albania 1979 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 S
551Rule Albania 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
552Rule Albania 1980 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 S
553Rule Albania 1980 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
554Rule Albania 1981 only - Apr 26 0:00 1:00 S
555Rule Albania 1981 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 -
556Rule Albania 1982 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S
557Rule Albania 1982 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
558Rule Albania 1983 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 S
559Rule Albania 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
560Rule Albania 1984 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
561# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
562Zone Europe/Tirane 1:19:20 - LMT 1914
563 1:00 - CET 1940 Jun 16
564 1:00 Albania CE%sT 1984 Jul
565 1:00 EU CE%sT
566
567# Andorra
568# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
569Zone Europe/Andorra 0:06:04 - LMT 1901
570 0:00 - WET 1946 Sep 30
571 1:00 - CET 1985 Mar 31 2:00
572 1:00 EU CE%sT
573
574# Austria
575
576# From Paul Eggert (2003-02-28): Shanks gives 1918-06-16 and
577# 1945-11-18, but the Austrian Federal Office of Metrology and
578# Surveying (BEV) gives 1918-09-16 and for Vienna gives the "alleged"
579# date of 1945-04-12 with no time. For the 1980-04-06 transition
580# Shanks gives 02:00, the BEV 00:00. Go with the BEV, and guess 02:00
581# for 1945-04-12.
582
583# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
584Rule Austria 1920 only - Apr 5 2:00s 1:00 S
585Rule Austria 1920 only - Sep 13 2:00s 0 -
586Rule Austria 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S
587Rule Austria 1946 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
588Rule Austria 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S
589Rule Austria 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
590Rule Austria 1980 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S
591Rule Austria 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
592# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
593Zone Europe/Vienna 1:05:20 - LMT 1893 Apr
594 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1920
595 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1940 Apr 1 2:00s
596 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s
597 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Apr 12 2:00s
598 1:00 - CET 1946
599 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1981
600 1:00 EU CE%sT
601
602# Belarus
603# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
604Zone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880
605 1:50 - MMT 1924 May 2 # Minsk Mean Time
606 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
607 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 28
608 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul 3
609 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
610 3:00 - MSK 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
611 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
612 2:00 - EET 1992 Mar 29 0:00s
613 2:00 1:00 EEST 1992 Sep 27 0:00s
614 2:00 Russia EE%sT
615
616# Belgium
617#
618# From Paul Eggert (1997-07-02):
619# Entries from 1918 through 1991 are taken from:
620# Annuaire de L'Observatoire Royal de Belgique,
621# Avenue Circulaire, 3, B-1180 BRUXELLES, CLVIIe annee, 1991
622# (Imprimerie HAYEZ, s.p.r.l., Rue Fin, 4, 1080 BRUXELLES, MCMXC),
623# pp 8-9.
624# LMT before 1892 was 0:17:30, according to the official journal of Belgium:
625# Moniteur Belge, Samedi 30 Avril 1892, N.121.
| 533# The official German names ... are
534#
535# Mitteleuropaeische Zeit (MEZ) = UTC+01:00
536# Mitteleuropaeische Sommerzeit (MESZ) = UTC+02:00
537#
538# as defined in the German Time Act (Gesetz ueber die Zeitbestimmung (ZeitG),
539# 1978-07-25, Bundesgesetzblatt, Jahrgang 1978, Teil I, S. 1110-1111)....
540# I wrote ... to the German Federal Physical-Technical Institution
541#
542# Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB)
543# Laboratorium 4.41 "Zeiteinheit"
544# Postfach 3345
545# D-38023 Braunschweig
546# phone: +49 531 592-0
547#
548# ... I received today an answer letter from Dr. Peter Hetzel, head of the PTB
549# department for time and frequency transmission. He explained that the
550# PTB translates MEZ and MESZ into English as
551#
552# Central European Time (CET) = UTC+01:00
553# Central European Summer Time (CEST) = UTC+02:00
554
555
556# Albania
557# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
558Rule Albania 1940 only - Jun 16 0:00 1:00 S
559Rule Albania 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 -
560Rule Albania 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S
561Rule Albania 1943 only - Apr 10 3:00 0 -
562Rule Albania 1974 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 S
563Rule Albania 1974 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
564Rule Albania 1975 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
565Rule Albania 1975 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
566Rule Albania 1976 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S
567Rule Albania 1976 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
568Rule Albania 1977 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S
569Rule Albania 1977 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
570Rule Albania 1978 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S
571Rule Albania 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
572Rule Albania 1979 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 S
573Rule Albania 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
574Rule Albania 1980 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 S
575Rule Albania 1980 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
576Rule Albania 1981 only - Apr 26 0:00 1:00 S
577Rule Albania 1981 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 -
578Rule Albania 1982 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S
579Rule Albania 1982 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
580Rule Albania 1983 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 S
581Rule Albania 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
582Rule Albania 1984 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
583# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
584Zone Europe/Tirane 1:19:20 - LMT 1914
585 1:00 - CET 1940 Jun 16
586 1:00 Albania CE%sT 1984 Jul
587 1:00 EU CE%sT
588
589# Andorra
590# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
591Zone Europe/Andorra 0:06:04 - LMT 1901
592 0:00 - WET 1946 Sep 30
593 1:00 - CET 1985 Mar 31 2:00
594 1:00 EU CE%sT
595
596# Austria
597
598# From Paul Eggert (2003-02-28): Shanks gives 1918-06-16 and
599# 1945-11-18, but the Austrian Federal Office of Metrology and
600# Surveying (BEV) gives 1918-09-16 and for Vienna gives the "alleged"
601# date of 1945-04-12 with no time. For the 1980-04-06 transition
602# Shanks gives 02:00, the BEV 00:00. Go with the BEV, and guess 02:00
603# for 1945-04-12.
604
605# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
606Rule Austria 1920 only - Apr 5 2:00s 1:00 S
607Rule Austria 1920 only - Sep 13 2:00s 0 -
608Rule Austria 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S
609Rule Austria 1946 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
610Rule Austria 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S
611Rule Austria 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
612Rule Austria 1980 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S
613Rule Austria 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
614# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
615Zone Europe/Vienna 1:05:20 - LMT 1893 Apr
616 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1920
617 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1940 Apr 1 2:00s
618 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s
619 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Apr 12 2:00s
620 1:00 - CET 1946
621 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1981
622 1:00 EU CE%sT
623
624# Belarus
625# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
626Zone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880
627 1:50 - MMT 1924 May 2 # Minsk Mean Time
628 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
629 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 28
630 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul 3
631 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
632 3:00 - MSK 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
633 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
634 2:00 - EET 1992 Mar 29 0:00s
635 2:00 1:00 EEST 1992 Sep 27 0:00s
636 2:00 Russia EE%sT
637
638# Belgium
639#
640# From Paul Eggert (1997-07-02):
641# Entries from 1918 through 1991 are taken from:
642# Annuaire de L'Observatoire Royal de Belgique,
643# Avenue Circulaire, 3, B-1180 BRUXELLES, CLVIIe annee, 1991
644# (Imprimerie HAYEZ, s.p.r.l., Rue Fin, 4, 1080 BRUXELLES, MCMXC),
645# pp 8-9.
646# LMT before 1892 was 0:17:30, according to the official journal of Belgium:
647# Moniteur Belge, Samedi 30 Avril 1892, N.121.
|
626# Thanks to Pascal Delmoitie <pascal@belnet.be> for these references.
| 648# Thanks to Pascal Delmoitie for these references.
|
627# The 1918 rules are listed for completeness; they apply to unoccupied Belgium.
628# Assume Brussels switched to WET in 1918 when the armistice took effect.
629#
630# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
631Rule Belgium 1918 only - Mar 9 0:00s 1:00 S
632Rule Belgium 1918 1919 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
633Rule Belgium 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
634Rule Belgium 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S
635Rule Belgium 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 -
636Rule Belgium 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S
637Rule Belgium 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 -
638Rule Belgium 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S
639Rule Belgium 1922 1927 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
640Rule Belgium 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00s 1:00 S
641Rule Belgium 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S
642Rule Belgium 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S
643# DSH writes that a royal decree of 1926-02-22 specified the Sun following 3rd
644# Sat in Apr (except if it's Easter, in which case it's one Sunday earlier),
645# to Sun following 1st Sat in Oct, and that a royal decree of 1928-09-15
646# changed the transition times to 02:00 GMT.
647Rule Belgium 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S
648Rule Belgium 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S
649Rule Belgium 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S
650Rule Belgium 1928 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 -
651Rule Belgium 1929 only - Apr 21 2:00s 1:00 S
652Rule Belgium 1930 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 S
653Rule Belgium 1931 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S
654Rule Belgium 1932 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S
655Rule Belgium 1933 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 S
656Rule Belgium 1934 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S
657Rule Belgium 1935 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S
658Rule Belgium 1936 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S
659Rule Belgium 1937 only - Apr 4 2:00s 1:00 S
660Rule Belgium 1938 only - Mar 27 2:00s 1:00 S
661Rule Belgium 1939 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 S
662Rule Belgium 1939 only - Nov 19 2:00s 0 -
663Rule Belgium 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00s 1:00 S
664Rule Belgium 1944 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 -
665Rule Belgium 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
666Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
667Rule Belgium 1946 only - May 19 2:00s 1:00 S
668Rule Belgium 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 -
669# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
670Zone Europe/Brussels 0:17:30 - LMT 1880
671 0:17:30 - BMT 1892 May 1 12:00 # Brussels MT
672 0:00 - WET 1914 Nov 8
673 1:00 - CET 1916 May 1 0:00
674 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Nov 11 11:00u
675 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 20 2:00s
676 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 3
677 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977
678 1:00 EU CE%sT
679
680# Bosnia and Herzegovina
681# see Serbia and Montenegro
682
683# Bulgaria
684#
| 649# The 1918 rules are listed for completeness; they apply to unoccupied Belgium.
650# Assume Brussels switched to WET in 1918 when the armistice took effect.
651#
652# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
653Rule Belgium 1918 only - Mar 9 0:00s 1:00 S
654Rule Belgium 1918 1919 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
655Rule Belgium 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
656Rule Belgium 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S
657Rule Belgium 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 -
658Rule Belgium 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S
659Rule Belgium 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 -
660Rule Belgium 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S
661Rule Belgium 1922 1927 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
662Rule Belgium 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00s 1:00 S
663Rule Belgium 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S
664Rule Belgium 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S
665# DSH writes that a royal decree of 1926-02-22 specified the Sun following 3rd
666# Sat in Apr (except if it's Easter, in which case it's one Sunday earlier),
667# to Sun following 1st Sat in Oct, and that a royal decree of 1928-09-15
668# changed the transition times to 02:00 GMT.
669Rule Belgium 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S
670Rule Belgium 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S
671Rule Belgium 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S
672Rule Belgium 1928 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 -
673Rule Belgium 1929 only - Apr 21 2:00s 1:00 S
674Rule Belgium 1930 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 S
675Rule Belgium 1931 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S
676Rule Belgium 1932 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S
677Rule Belgium 1933 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 S
678Rule Belgium 1934 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S
679Rule Belgium 1935 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S
680Rule Belgium 1936 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S
681Rule Belgium 1937 only - Apr 4 2:00s 1:00 S
682Rule Belgium 1938 only - Mar 27 2:00s 1:00 S
683Rule Belgium 1939 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 S
684Rule Belgium 1939 only - Nov 19 2:00s 0 -
685Rule Belgium 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00s 1:00 S
686Rule Belgium 1944 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 -
687Rule Belgium 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
688Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
689Rule Belgium 1946 only - May 19 2:00s 1:00 S
690Rule Belgium 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 -
691# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
692Zone Europe/Brussels 0:17:30 - LMT 1880
693 0:17:30 - BMT 1892 May 1 12:00 # Brussels MT
694 0:00 - WET 1914 Nov 8
695 1:00 - CET 1916 May 1 0:00
696 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Nov 11 11:00u
697 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 20 2:00s
698 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 3
699 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977
700 1:00 EU CE%sT
701
702# Bosnia and Herzegovina
703# see Serbia and Montenegro
704
705# Bulgaria
706#
|
685# From Plamen Simenov <P.Simeonov@cnsys.bg> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
| 707# From Plamen Simenov via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
|
686# A document of Government of Bulgaria (No.94/1997) says:
687# EET --> EETDST is in 03:00 Local time in last Sunday of March ...
688# EETDST --> EET is in 04:00 Local time in last Sunday of October
689#
690# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
691Rule Bulg 1979 only - Mar 31 23:00 1:00 S
692Rule Bulg 1979 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
693Rule Bulg 1980 1982 - Apr Sat<=7 23:00 1:00 S
694Rule Bulg 1980 only - Sep 29 1:00 0 -
695Rule Bulg 1981 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 -
696# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
697Zone Europe/Sofia 1:33:16 - LMT 1880
698 1:56:56 - IMT 1894 Nov 30 # Istanbul MT?
699 2:00 - EET 1942 Nov 2 3:00
700 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 3:00
701 2:00 - EET 1979 Mar 31 23:00
702 2:00 Bulg EE%sT 1982 Sep 26 2:00
703 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991
704 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997
705 2:00 EU EE%sT
706
707# Croatia
708# see Serbia and Montenegro
709
710# Cyprus
711# Please see the `asia' file for Asia/Nicosia.
712
713# Czech Republic
714# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
715Rule Czech 1945 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S
716Rule Czech 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 -
717Rule Czech 1946 only - May 6 2:00s 1:00 S
718Rule Czech 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
719Rule Czech 1947 only - Apr 20 2:00s 1:00 S
720Rule Czech 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
721Rule Czech 1949 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 S
722# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
723Zone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850
724 0:57:44 - PMT 1891 Oct # Prague Mean Time
725 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 17 2:00s
726 1:00 Czech CE%sT 1979
727 1:00 EU CE%sT
728
729# Denmark, Faeroe Islands, and Greenland
| 708# A document of Government of Bulgaria (No.94/1997) says:
709# EET --> EETDST is in 03:00 Local time in last Sunday of March ...
710# EETDST --> EET is in 04:00 Local time in last Sunday of October
711#
712# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
713Rule Bulg 1979 only - Mar 31 23:00 1:00 S
714Rule Bulg 1979 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
715Rule Bulg 1980 1982 - Apr Sat<=7 23:00 1:00 S
716Rule Bulg 1980 only - Sep 29 1:00 0 -
717Rule Bulg 1981 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 -
718# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
719Zone Europe/Sofia 1:33:16 - LMT 1880
720 1:56:56 - IMT 1894 Nov 30 # Istanbul MT?
721 2:00 - EET 1942 Nov 2 3:00
722 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 3:00
723 2:00 - EET 1979 Mar 31 23:00
724 2:00 Bulg EE%sT 1982 Sep 26 2:00
725 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991
726 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997
727 2:00 EU EE%sT
728
729# Croatia
730# see Serbia and Montenegro
731
732# Cyprus
733# Please see the `asia' file for Asia/Nicosia.
734
735# Czech Republic
736# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
737Rule Czech 1945 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S
738Rule Czech 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 -
739Rule Czech 1946 only - May 6 2:00s 1:00 S
740Rule Czech 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
741Rule Czech 1947 only - Apr 20 2:00s 1:00 S
742Rule Czech 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
743Rule Czech 1949 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 S
744# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
745Zone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850
746 0:57:44 - PMT 1891 Oct # Prague Mean Time
747 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 17 2:00s
748 1:00 Czech CE%sT 1979
749 1:00 EU CE%sT
750
751# Denmark, Faeroe Islands, and Greenland
|
| 752
753# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2005-04-26):
754# http://www.hum.aau.dk/~poe/tid/tine/DanskTid.htm says that the law
755# [introducing standard time] was in effect from 1894-01-01....
756# The page http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A18930008330-REGL
757# confirms this, and states that the law was put forth 1893-03-29.
758#
759# The EU treaty with effect from 1973:
760# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19722110030-REGL
761#
762# This provoked a new law from 1974 to make possible summer time changes
763# in subsequenet decrees with the law
764# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19740022330-REGL
765#
766# It seems however that no decree was set forward until 1980. I have
767# not found any decree, but in another related law, the effecting DST
768# changes are stated explicitly to be from 1980-04-06 at 02:00 to
769# 1980-09-28 at 02:00. If this is true, this differs slightly from
770# the EU rule in that DST runs to 02:00, not 03:00. We don't know
771# when Denmark began using the EU rule correctly, but we have only
772# confirmation of the 1980-time, so I presume it was correct in 1981:
773# The law is about the management of the extra hour, concerning
774# working hours reported and effect on obligatory-rest rules (which
775# was suspended on that night):
776# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/C19801120554-REGL
777
778# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2005-06-11):
779# The Herning Folkeblad (1980-09-26) reported that the night between
780# Saturday and Sunday the clock is set back from three to two.
781
782# From Paul Eggert (2005-06-11):
783# Hence the "02:00" of the 1980 law refers to standard time, not
784# wall-clock time, and so the EU rules were in effect in 1980.
785
|
730# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
731Rule Denmark 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S
732Rule Denmark 1916 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 -
733Rule Denmark 1940 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
734Rule Denmark 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
735Rule Denmark 1945 only - Aug 15 2:00s 0 -
736Rule Denmark 1946 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 S
737Rule Denmark 1946 only - Sep 1 2:00s 0 -
738Rule Denmark 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S
739Rule Denmark 1947 only - Aug 10 2:00s 0 -
740Rule Denmark 1948 only - May 9 2:00s 1:00 S
741Rule Denmark 1948 only - Aug 8 2:00s 0 -
| 786# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
787Rule Denmark 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S
788Rule Denmark 1916 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 -
789Rule Denmark 1940 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
790Rule Denmark 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
791Rule Denmark 1945 only - Aug 15 2:00s 0 -
792Rule Denmark 1946 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 S
793Rule Denmark 1946 only - Sep 1 2:00s 0 -
794Rule Denmark 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S
795Rule Denmark 1947 only - Aug 10 2:00s 0 -
796Rule Denmark 1948 only - May 9 2:00s 1:00 S
797Rule Denmark 1948 only - Aug 8 2:00s 0 -
|
742# Whitman also gives 1949 Apr 9 to 1949 Oct 1, and disagrees in minor ways
743# about many of the above dates; go with Shanks.
| |
744#
| 798#
|
745# For 1894, Shanks says Jan, Whitman Apr; go with Whitman.
| |
746# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
747Zone Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890
| 799# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
800Zone Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890
|
748 0:50:20 - CMT 1894 Apr # Copenhagen Mean Time
| 801 0:50:20 - CMT 1894 Jan 1 # Copenhagen MT
|
749 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
750 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
751 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1980
752 1:00 EU CE%sT
753Zone Atlantic/Faeroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # Torshavn
754 0:00 - WET 1981
755 0:00 EU WE%sT
756#
| 802 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
803 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
804 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1980
805 1:00 EU CE%sT
806Zone Atlantic/Faeroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # Torshavn
807 0:00 - WET 1981
808 0:00 EU WE%sT
809#
|
| 810# From Paul Eggert (2004-10-31):
811# During World War II, Germany maintained secret manned weather stations in
812# East Greenland and Franz Josef Land, but we don't know their time zones.
813# My source for this is Wilhelm Dege's book mentioned under Svalbard.
814#
|
757# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
758# Greenland joined the EU as part of Denmark, obtained home rule on 1979-05-01,
759# and left the EU on 1985-02-01. It therefore should have been using EU
760# rules at least through 1984. Shanks says Scoresbysund and Godthab
761# used C-Eur rules after 1980, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says they use EU
762# rules since at least 1991. Assume EU rules since 1980.
763
764# From Gwillin Law (2001-06-06), citing
765# <http://www.statkart.no/efs/efshefter/2001/efs5-2001.pdf> (2001-03-15),
766# and with translations corrected by Steffen Thorsen:
767#
768# Greenland has four local times, and the relation to UTC
769# is according to the following time line:
770#
771# The military zone near Thule UTC-4
772# Standard Greenland time UTC-3
773# Scoresbysund UTC-1
774# Danmarkshavn UTC
775#
776# In the military area near Thule and in Danmarkshavn DST will not be
777# introduced.
778
779# From Rives McDow (2001-11-01):
780#
781# I correspond regularly with the Dansk Polarcenter, and wrote them at
782# the time to clarify the situation in Thule. Unfortunately, I have
783# not heard back from them regarding my recent letter. [But I have
784# info from earlier correspondence.]
785#
786# According to the center, a very small local time zone around Thule
787# Air Base keeps the time according to UTC-4, implementing daylight
788# savings using North America rules, changing the time at 02:00 local time....
789#
790# The east coast of Greenland north of the community of Scoresbysund
791# uses UTC in the same way as in Iceland, year round, with no dst.
792# There are just a few stations on this coast, including the
793# Danmarkshavn ICAO weather station mentioned in your September 29th
794# email. The other stations are two sledge patrol stations in
795# Mestersvig and Daneborg, the air force base at Station Nord, and the
796# DPC research station at Zackenberg.
797#
798# Scoresbysund and two small villages nearby keep time UTC-1 and use
799# the same daylight savings time period as in West Greenland (Godthab).
800#
801# The rest of Greenland, including Godthab (this area, although it
802# includes central Greenland, is known as west Greenland), keeps time
803# UTC-3, with daylight savings methods according to European rules.
804#
805# It is common procedure to use UTC 0 in the wilderness of East and
806# North Greenland, because it is mainly Icelandic aircraft operators
807# maintaining traffic in these areas. However, the official status of
808# this area is that it sticks with Godthab time. This area might be
809# considered a dual time zone in some respects because of this.
810
811# From Rives McDow (2001-11-19):
812# I heard back from someone stationed at Thule; the time change took place
813# there at 2:00 AM.
814
815# From Paul Eggert (2001-11-19):
816# The 1997 CIA map shows Danmarkshavn on GMT; the 1995 map as like Godthab.
817# For lack of better info, assume they were like Godthab before 1996.
818# startkart.no says Thule does not observe DST, but this is clearly an error,
819# so go with Shanks for all Thule transitions.
820#
821# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
822Rule Thule 1991 1992 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
823Rule Thule 1991 1992 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
824Rule Thule 1993 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
825Rule Thule 1993 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
826#
827# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
828Zone America/Danmarkshavn -1:14:40 - LMT 1916 Jul 28
829 -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
830 -3:00 EU WG%sT 1996
831 0:00 - GMT
832Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:29:00 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormiit
833 -2:00 - CGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
834 -2:00 C-Eur CG%sT 1981 Mar 29
835 -1:00 EU EG%sT
836Zone America/Godthab -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Nuuk
837 -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
838 -3:00 EU WG%sT
839Zone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik air base
840 -4:00 Thule A%sT
841
842# Estonia
| 815# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
816# Greenland joined the EU as part of Denmark, obtained home rule on 1979-05-01,
817# and left the EU on 1985-02-01. It therefore should have been using EU
818# rules at least through 1984. Shanks says Scoresbysund and Godthab
819# used C-Eur rules after 1980, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says they use EU
820# rules since at least 1991. Assume EU rules since 1980.
821
822# From Gwillin Law (2001-06-06), citing
823# <http://www.statkart.no/efs/efshefter/2001/efs5-2001.pdf> (2001-03-15),
824# and with translations corrected by Steffen Thorsen:
825#
826# Greenland has four local times, and the relation to UTC
827# is according to the following time line:
828#
829# The military zone near Thule UTC-4
830# Standard Greenland time UTC-3
831# Scoresbysund UTC-1
832# Danmarkshavn UTC
833#
834# In the military area near Thule and in Danmarkshavn DST will not be
835# introduced.
836
837# From Rives McDow (2001-11-01):
838#
839# I correspond regularly with the Dansk Polarcenter, and wrote them at
840# the time to clarify the situation in Thule. Unfortunately, I have
841# not heard back from them regarding my recent letter. [But I have
842# info from earlier correspondence.]
843#
844# According to the center, a very small local time zone around Thule
845# Air Base keeps the time according to UTC-4, implementing daylight
846# savings using North America rules, changing the time at 02:00 local time....
847#
848# The east coast of Greenland north of the community of Scoresbysund
849# uses UTC in the same way as in Iceland, year round, with no dst.
850# There are just a few stations on this coast, including the
851# Danmarkshavn ICAO weather station mentioned in your September 29th
852# email. The other stations are two sledge patrol stations in
853# Mestersvig and Daneborg, the air force base at Station Nord, and the
854# DPC research station at Zackenberg.
855#
856# Scoresbysund and two small villages nearby keep time UTC-1 and use
857# the same daylight savings time period as in West Greenland (Godthab).
858#
859# The rest of Greenland, including Godthab (this area, although it
860# includes central Greenland, is known as west Greenland), keeps time
861# UTC-3, with daylight savings methods according to European rules.
862#
863# It is common procedure to use UTC 0 in the wilderness of East and
864# North Greenland, because it is mainly Icelandic aircraft operators
865# maintaining traffic in these areas. However, the official status of
866# this area is that it sticks with Godthab time. This area might be
867# considered a dual time zone in some respects because of this.
868
869# From Rives McDow (2001-11-19):
870# I heard back from someone stationed at Thule; the time change took place
871# there at 2:00 AM.
872
873# From Paul Eggert (2001-11-19):
874# The 1997 CIA map shows Danmarkshavn on GMT; the 1995 map as like Godthab.
875# For lack of better info, assume they were like Godthab before 1996.
876# startkart.no says Thule does not observe DST, but this is clearly an error,
877# so go with Shanks for all Thule transitions.
878#
879# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
880Rule Thule 1991 1992 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
881Rule Thule 1991 1992 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S
882Rule Thule 1993 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
883Rule Thule 1993 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
884#
885# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
886Zone America/Danmarkshavn -1:14:40 - LMT 1916 Jul 28
887 -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
888 -3:00 EU WG%sT 1996
889 0:00 - GMT
890Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:29:00 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormiit
891 -2:00 - CGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
892 -2:00 C-Eur CG%sT 1981 Mar 29
893 -1:00 EU EG%sT
894Zone America/Godthab -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Nuuk
895 -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
896 -3:00 EU WG%sT
897Zone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik air base
898 -4:00 Thule A%sT
899
900# Estonia
|
843# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-10-15):
| 901# From Peter Ilieve (1994-10-15):
|
844# A relative in Tallinn confirms the accuracy of the data for 1989 onwards
845# [through 1994] and gives the legal authority for it,
846# a regulation of the Government of Estonia, No. 111 of 1989....
847#
| 902# A relative in Tallinn confirms the accuracy of the data for 1989 onwards
903# [through 1994] and gives the legal authority for it,
904# a regulation of the Government of Estonia, No. 111 of 1989....
905#
|
848# From Peter Ilieve <peter@aldie.co.uk> (1996-10-28):
| 906# From Peter Ilieve (1996-10-28):
|
849# [IATA SSIM (1992/1996) claims that the Baltic republics switch at 01:00s,
850# but a relative confirms that Estonia still switches at 02:00s, writing:]
851# ``I do not [know] exactly but there are some little different
852# (confusing) rules for International Air and Railway Transport Schedules
853# conversion in Sunday connected with end of summer time in Estonia....
854# A discussion is running about the summer time efficiency and effect on
855# human physiology. It seems that Estonia maybe will not change to
856# summer time next spring.''
857
| 907# [IATA SSIM (1992/1996) claims that the Baltic republics switch at 01:00s,
908# but a relative confirms that Estonia still switches at 02:00s, writing:]
909# ``I do not [know] exactly but there are some little different
910# (confusing) rules for International Air and Railway Transport Schedules
911# conversion in Sunday connected with end of summer time in Estonia....
912# A discussion is running about the summer time efficiency and effect on
913# human physiology. It seems that Estonia maybe will not change to
914# summer time next spring.''
915
|
858# From Peter Ilieve <peter@aldie.co.uk> (1998-11-04), heavily edited:
| 916# From Peter Ilieve (1998-11-04), heavily edited:
|
859# <a href="http://trip.rk.ee/cgi-bin/thw?${BASE}=akt&${OOHTML}=rtd&TA=1998&TO=1&AN=1390">
860# The 1998-09-22 Estonian time law
861# </a>
862# refers to the Eighth Directive and cites the association agreement between
863# the EU and Estonia, ratified by the Estonian law (RT II 1995, 22--27, 120).
864#
865# I also asked [my relative] whether they use any standard abbreviation
866# for their standard and summer times. He says no, they use "suveaeg"
867# (summer time) and "talveaeg" (winter time).
868
869# From <a href="http://www.baltictimes.com/">The Baltic Times</a> (1999-09-09)
870# via Steffen Thorsen:
871# This year will mark the last time Estonia shifts to summer time,
872# a council of the ruling coalition announced Sept. 6....
873# But what this could mean for Estonia's chances of joining the European
874# Union are still unclear. In 1994, the EU declared summer time compulsory
875# for all member states until 2001. Brussels has yet to decide what to do
876# after that.
877
878# From Mart Oruaas (2000-01-29):
879# Regulation no. 301 (1999-10-12) obsoletes previous regulation
880# no. 206 (1998-09-22) and thus sticks Estonia to +02:00 GMT for all
881# the year round. The regulation is effective 1999-11-01.
882
883# From Toomas Soome (2002-02-21):
884# The Estonian government has changed once again timezone politics.
885# Now we are using again EU rules.
886#
887# From Urmet Jaanes (2002-03-28):
888# The legislative reference is Government decree No. 84 on 2002-02-21.
889
890# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
891Zone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880
892 1:39:00 - TMT 1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time
893 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1919 Jul
894 1:39:00 - TMT 1921 May
895 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 6
896 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 15
897 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 22
898 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
899 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep 24 2:00s
900 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 Sep 22
901 2:00 EU EE%sT 1999 Nov 1
902 2:00 - EET 2002 Feb 21
903 2:00 EU EE%sT
904
905# Finland
906#
| 917# <a href="http://trip.rk.ee/cgi-bin/thw?${BASE}=akt&${OOHTML}=rtd&TA=1998&TO=1&AN=1390">
918# The 1998-09-22 Estonian time law
919# </a>
920# refers to the Eighth Directive and cites the association agreement between
921# the EU and Estonia, ratified by the Estonian law (RT II 1995, 22--27, 120).
922#
923# I also asked [my relative] whether they use any standard abbreviation
924# for their standard and summer times. He says no, they use "suveaeg"
925# (summer time) and "talveaeg" (winter time).
926
927# From <a href="http://www.baltictimes.com/">The Baltic Times</a> (1999-09-09)
928# via Steffen Thorsen:
929# This year will mark the last time Estonia shifts to summer time,
930# a council of the ruling coalition announced Sept. 6....
931# But what this could mean for Estonia's chances of joining the European
932# Union are still unclear. In 1994, the EU declared summer time compulsory
933# for all member states until 2001. Brussels has yet to decide what to do
934# after that.
935
936# From Mart Oruaas (2000-01-29):
937# Regulation no. 301 (1999-10-12) obsoletes previous regulation
938# no. 206 (1998-09-22) and thus sticks Estonia to +02:00 GMT for all
939# the year round. The regulation is effective 1999-11-01.
940
941# From Toomas Soome (2002-02-21):
942# The Estonian government has changed once again timezone politics.
943# Now we are using again EU rules.
944#
945# From Urmet Jaanes (2002-03-28):
946# The legislative reference is Government decree No. 84 on 2002-02-21.
947
948# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
949Zone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880
950 1:39:00 - TMT 1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time
951 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1919 Jul
952 1:39:00 - TMT 1921 May
953 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 6
954 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 15
955 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 22
956 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
957 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep 24 2:00s
958 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 Sep 22
959 2:00 EU EE%sT 1999 Nov 1
960 2:00 - EET 2002 Feb 21
961 2:00 EU EE%sT
962
963# Finland
964#
|
907# From Hannu Strang <chs@apu.fi> (25 Sep 1994 06:03:37 UTC):
| 965# From Hannu Strang (25 Sep 1994 06:03:37 UTC):
|
908# Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one,
909# and it's supposed to change at 4am...
910#
| 966# Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one,
967# and it's supposed to change at 4am...
968#
|
911# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (25 Sep 1994):
| 969# From Paul Eggert (25 Sep 1994):
|
912# Shanks says Finland has switched at 02:00 standard time since 1981.
913# Go with Strang instead.
914#
915# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
916Rule Finland 1942 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
917Rule Finland 1942 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
918# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
919Zone Europe/Helsinki 1:39:52 - LMT 1878 May 31
920 1:39:52 - HMT 1921 May # Helsinki Mean Time
921 2:00 Finland EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00
922 2:00 EU EE%sT
923
924# Aaland Is
925Link Europe/Helsinki Europe/Mariehamn
926
927
928# France
929
930# From Ciro Discepolo (2000-12-20):
931#
932# Henri Le Corre, Regimes Horaires pour le monde entier, Editions
933# Traditionnelles - Paris 2 books, 1993
934#
935# Gabriel, Traite de l'heure dans le monde, Guy Tredaniel editeur,
936# Paris, 1991
937#
938# Francoise Gauquelin, Problemes de l'heure resolus en astrologie,
939# Guy tredaniel, Paris 1987
940
941
942#
943# Shanks seems to use `24:00' ambiguously; we resolve it with Whitman.
944# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
945Rule France 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S
946Rule France 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 -
947Rule France 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S
948Rule France 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S
949Rule France 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
950Rule France 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S
951Rule France 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 -
952Rule France 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S
953Rule France 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 -
954Rule France 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S
955# DSH writes that a law of 1923-05-24 specified 3rd Sat in Apr at 23:00 to 1st
956# Sat in Oct at 24:00; and that in 1930, because of Easter, the transitions
957# were Apr 12 and Oct 5. Go with Shanks.
958Rule France 1922 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
959Rule France 1923 only - May 26 23:00s 1:00 S
960Rule France 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S
961Rule France 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S
962Rule France 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S
963Rule France 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S
964Rule France 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S
965Rule France 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S
966Rule France 1930 only - Apr 12 23:00s 1:00 S
967Rule France 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S
968Rule France 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S
969Rule France 1933 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S
970Rule France 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S
971Rule France 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S
972Rule France 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S
973Rule France 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S
974Rule France 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S
975Rule France 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
976Rule France 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 -
977Rule France 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S
978# The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris, but Shanks writes
979# that they were used in Monaco and in many French locations.
980# Le Corre writes that the upper limit of the free zone was Arneguy, Orthez,
981# Mont-de-Marsan, Bazas, Langon, Lamotte-Montravel, Marouil, La
982# Rochefoucault, Champagne-Mouton, La Roche-Posay, La Haye-Decartes,
983# Loches, Montrichard, Vierzon, Bourges, Moulins, Digoin,
984# Paray-le-Monial, Montceau-les-Mines, Chalons-sur-Saone, Arbois,
985# Dole, Morez, St-Claude, and Collognes (Haute-Savioe).
986Rule France 1941 only - May 5 0:00 2:00 M # Midsummer
987# Shanks says this transition occurred at Oct 6 1:00,
| 970# Shanks says Finland has switched at 02:00 standard time since 1981.
971# Go with Strang instead.
972#
973# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
974Rule Finland 1942 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
975Rule Finland 1942 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
976# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
977Zone Europe/Helsinki 1:39:52 - LMT 1878 May 31
978 1:39:52 - HMT 1921 May # Helsinki Mean Time
979 2:00 Finland EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00
980 2:00 EU EE%sT
981
982# Aaland Is
983Link Europe/Helsinki Europe/Mariehamn
984
985
986# France
987
988# From Ciro Discepolo (2000-12-20):
989#
990# Henri Le Corre, Regimes Horaires pour le monde entier, Editions
991# Traditionnelles - Paris 2 books, 1993
992#
993# Gabriel, Traite de l'heure dans le monde, Guy Tredaniel editeur,
994# Paris, 1991
995#
996# Francoise Gauquelin, Problemes de l'heure resolus en astrologie,
997# Guy tredaniel, Paris 1987
998
999
1000#
1001# Shanks seems to use `24:00' ambiguously; we resolve it with Whitman.
1002# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1003Rule France 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S
1004Rule France 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 -
1005Rule France 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S
1006Rule France 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S
1007Rule France 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
1008Rule France 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S
1009Rule France 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 -
1010Rule France 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S
1011Rule France 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 -
1012Rule France 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S
1013# DSH writes that a law of 1923-05-24 specified 3rd Sat in Apr at 23:00 to 1st
1014# Sat in Oct at 24:00; and that in 1930, because of Easter, the transitions
1015# were Apr 12 and Oct 5. Go with Shanks.
1016Rule France 1922 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
1017Rule France 1923 only - May 26 23:00s 1:00 S
1018Rule France 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S
1019Rule France 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S
1020Rule France 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S
1021Rule France 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S
1022Rule France 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S
1023Rule France 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S
1024Rule France 1930 only - Apr 12 23:00s 1:00 S
1025Rule France 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S
1026Rule France 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S
1027Rule France 1933 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S
1028Rule France 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S
1029Rule France 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S
1030Rule France 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S
1031Rule France 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S
1032Rule France 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S
1033Rule France 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
1034Rule France 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 -
1035Rule France 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S
1036# The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris, but Shanks writes
1037# that they were used in Monaco and in many French locations.
1038# Le Corre writes that the upper limit of the free zone was Arneguy, Orthez,
1039# Mont-de-Marsan, Bazas, Langon, Lamotte-Montravel, Marouil, La
1040# Rochefoucault, Champagne-Mouton, La Roche-Posay, La Haye-Decartes,
1041# Loches, Montrichard, Vierzon, Bourges, Moulins, Digoin,
1042# Paray-le-Monial, Montceau-les-Mines, Chalons-sur-Saone, Arbois,
1043# Dole, Morez, St-Claude, and Collognes (Haute-Savioe).
1044Rule France 1941 only - May 5 0:00 2:00 M # Midsummer
1045# Shanks says this transition occurred at Oct 6 1:00,
|
988# but go with Denis.Excoffier@ens.fr (1997-12-12),
| 1046# but go with Denis Excoffier (1997-12-12),
|
989# who quotes the Ephemerides Astronomiques for 1998 from Bureau des Longitudes
990# as saying 5/10/41 22hUT.
991Rule France 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 S
992Rule France 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 2:00 M
993Rule France 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 1:00 S
994Rule France 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 2:00 M
995Rule France 1943 only - Oct 4 3:00 1:00 S
996Rule France 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00 2:00 M
997Rule France 1944 only - Oct 8 1:00 1:00 S
998Rule France 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 2:00 M
999Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 -
1000# Shanks gives Mar 28 2:00 and Sep 26 3:00;
1001# go with Excoffier's 28/3/76 0hUT and 25/9/76 23hUT.
1002Rule France 1976 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 S
1003Rule France 1976 only - Sep 26 1:00 0 -
1004# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time, and Whitman gives 0:09:05,
1005# but Howse quotes the actual French legislation as saying 0:09:21.
1006# Go with Howse. Howse writes that the time in France was officially based
1007# on PMT-0:09:21 until 1978-08-09, when the time base finally switched to UTC.
1008# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1009Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01
1010 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Paris MT
1011# Shanks gives 1940 Jun 14 0:00; go with Excoffier and Le Corre.
1012 0:00 France WE%sT 1940 Jun 14 23:00
1013# Le Corre says Paris stuck with occupied-France time after the liberation;
1014# go with Shanks.
1015 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 25
1016 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
1017 1:00 France CE%sT 1977
1018 1:00 EU CE%sT
1019
1020# Germany
1021
| 1047# who quotes the Ephemerides Astronomiques for 1998 from Bureau des Longitudes
1048# as saying 5/10/41 22hUT.
1049Rule France 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 S
1050Rule France 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 2:00 M
1051Rule France 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 1:00 S
1052Rule France 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 2:00 M
1053Rule France 1943 only - Oct 4 3:00 1:00 S
1054Rule France 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00 2:00 M
1055Rule France 1944 only - Oct 8 1:00 1:00 S
1056Rule France 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 2:00 M
1057Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 -
1058# Shanks gives Mar 28 2:00 and Sep 26 3:00;
1059# go with Excoffier's 28/3/76 0hUT and 25/9/76 23hUT.
1060Rule France 1976 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 S
1061Rule France 1976 only - Sep 26 1:00 0 -
1062# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time, and Whitman gives 0:09:05,
1063# but Howse quotes the actual French legislation as saying 0:09:21.
1064# Go with Howse. Howse writes that the time in France was officially based
1065# on PMT-0:09:21 until 1978-08-09, when the time base finally switched to UTC.
1066# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1067Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01
1068 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Paris MT
1069# Shanks gives 1940 Jun 14 0:00; go with Excoffier and Le Corre.
1070 0:00 France WE%sT 1940 Jun 14 23:00
1071# Le Corre says Paris stuck with occupied-France time after the liberation;
1072# go with Shanks.
1073 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 25
1074 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
1075 1:00 France CE%sT 1977
1076 1:00 EU CE%sT
1077
1078# Germany
1079
|
1022# From Markus Kuhn <Markus.Kuhn@cl.cam.ac.uk> (1998-09-29):
| 1080# From Markus Kuhn (1998-09-29):
|
1023# The German time zone web site by the Physikalisch-Technische
1024# Bundesanstalt contains DST information back to 1916.
1025# [See tz-link.htm for the URL.]
1026
1027# From Joerg Schilling (2002-10-23):
1028# In 1945, Berlin was switched to Moscow Summer time (GMT+4) by <a
1029# href="http://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/BersarinNikolai/">
1030# General [Nikolai] Bersarin</a>.
1031
1032# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-08):
1033# <a href="http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf">
1034# says that Bersarin issued an order to use Moscow time on May 20.
1035# However, Moscow did not observe daylight saving in 1945, so
1036# this was equivalent to CEMT (GMT+3), not GMT+4.
1037
1038
1039# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1040Rule Germany 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
1041Rule Germany 1945 only - May 24 2:00 2:00 M # Midsummer
1042Rule Germany 1945 only - Sep 24 3:00 1:00 S
1043Rule Germany 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 -
1044Rule Germany 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S
1045Rule Germany 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 -
1046Rule Germany 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
1047Rule Germany 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S
1048Rule Germany 1947 only - May 11 2:00s 2:00 M
1049Rule Germany 1947 only - Jun 29 3:00 1:00 S
1050Rule Germany 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
1051Rule Germany 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S
1052# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1053Zone Europe/Berlin 0:53:28 - LMT 1893 Apr
1054 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
1055 1:00 Germany CE%sT 1980
1056 1:00 EU CE%sT
1057
1058# Georgia
1059# Please see the "asia" file for Asia/Tbilisi.
1060# Herodotus (Histories, IV.45) says Georgia north of the Phasis (now Rioni)
1061# is in Europe. Our reference location Tbilisi is in the Asian part.
1062
1063# Gibraltar
1064# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1065Zone Europe/Gibraltar -0:21:24 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
1066 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1957 Apr 14 2:00
1067 1:00 - CET 1982
1068 1:00 EU CE%sT
1069
1070# Greece
1071# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1072# Whitman gives 1932 Jul 5 - Nov 1; go with Shanks.
1073Rule Greece 1932 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 S
1074Rule Greece 1932 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
1075# Whitman gives 1941 Apr 25 - ?; go with Shanks.
1076Rule Greece 1941 only - Apr 7 0:00 1:00 S
1077# Whitman gives 1942 Feb 2 - ?; go with Shanks.
1078Rule Greece 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 -
1079Rule Greece 1943 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S
1080Rule Greece 1943 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
1081# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 3 - Oct 31; go with Shanks.
1082Rule Greece 1952 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S
1083Rule Greece 1952 only - Nov 2 0:00 0 -
1084Rule Greece 1975 only - Apr 12 0:00s 1:00 S
1085Rule Greece 1975 only - Nov 26 0:00s 0 -
1086Rule Greece 1976 only - Apr 11 2:00s 1:00 S
1087Rule Greece 1976 only - Oct 10 2:00s 0 -
1088Rule Greece 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
1089Rule Greece 1977 only - Sep 26 2:00s 0 -
1090Rule Greece 1978 only - Sep 24 4:00 0 -
1091Rule Greece 1979 only - Apr 1 9:00 1:00 S
1092Rule Greece 1979 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 -
1093Rule Greece 1980 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1094Rule Greece 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
1095# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1096Zone Europe/Athens 1:34:52 - LMT 1895 Sep 14
1097 1:34:52 - AMT 1916 Jul 28 0:01 # Athens MT
1098 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1941 Apr 30
1099 1:00 Greece CE%sT 1944 Apr 4
1100 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1981
1101 # Shanks says they switched to C-Eur in 1981;
1102 # go with EU instead, since Greece joined it on Jan 1.
1103 2:00 EU EE%sT
1104
1105# Hungary
1106# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1107Rule Hungary 1918 only - Apr 1 3:00 1:00 S
1108Rule Hungary 1918 only - Sep 29 3:00 0 -
1109Rule Hungary 1919 only - Apr 15 3:00 1:00 S
1110Rule Hungary 1919 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 -
1111Rule Hungary 1920 only - Apr 5 3:00 1:00 S
1112Rule Hungary 1920 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
1113Rule Hungary 1945 only - May 1 23:00 1:00 S
1114Rule Hungary 1945 only - Nov 3 0:00 0 -
1115Rule Hungary 1946 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S
1116Rule Hungary 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
1117Rule Hungary 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=4 2:00s 1:00 S
1118Rule Hungary 1950 only - Apr 17 2:00s 1:00 S
1119Rule Hungary 1950 only - Oct 23 2:00s 0 -
1120Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - May 23 0:00 1:00 S
1121Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
1122Rule Hungary 1956 only - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
1123Rule Hungary 1956 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1124Rule Hungary 1957 only - Jun Sun>=1 1:00 1:00 S
1125Rule Hungary 1957 only - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 -
1126Rule Hungary 1980 only - Apr 6 1:00 1:00 S
1127# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1128Zone Europe/Budapest 1:16:20 - LMT 1890 Oct
1129 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918
1130 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1941 Apr 6 2:00
1131 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 1 23:00
1132 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1980 Sep 28 2:00s
1133 1:00 EU CE%sT
1134
1135# Iceland
1136#
| 1081# The German time zone web site by the Physikalisch-Technische
1082# Bundesanstalt contains DST information back to 1916.
1083# [See tz-link.htm for the URL.]
1084
1085# From Joerg Schilling (2002-10-23):
1086# In 1945, Berlin was switched to Moscow Summer time (GMT+4) by <a
1087# href="http://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/BersarinNikolai/">
1088# General [Nikolai] Bersarin</a>.
1089
1090# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-08):
1091# <a href="http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf">
1092# says that Bersarin issued an order to use Moscow time on May 20.
1093# However, Moscow did not observe daylight saving in 1945, so
1094# this was equivalent to CEMT (GMT+3), not GMT+4.
1095
1096
1097# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1098Rule Germany 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
1099Rule Germany 1945 only - May 24 2:00 2:00 M # Midsummer
1100Rule Germany 1945 only - Sep 24 3:00 1:00 S
1101Rule Germany 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 -
1102Rule Germany 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S
1103Rule Germany 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 -
1104Rule Germany 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
1105Rule Germany 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S
1106Rule Germany 1947 only - May 11 2:00s 2:00 M
1107Rule Germany 1947 only - Jun 29 3:00 1:00 S
1108Rule Germany 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
1109Rule Germany 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S
1110# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1111Zone Europe/Berlin 0:53:28 - LMT 1893 Apr
1112 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
1113 1:00 Germany CE%sT 1980
1114 1:00 EU CE%sT
1115
1116# Georgia
1117# Please see the "asia" file for Asia/Tbilisi.
1118# Herodotus (Histories, IV.45) says Georgia north of the Phasis (now Rioni)
1119# is in Europe. Our reference location Tbilisi is in the Asian part.
1120
1121# Gibraltar
1122# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1123Zone Europe/Gibraltar -0:21:24 - LMT 1880 Aug 2
1124 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1957 Apr 14 2:00
1125 1:00 - CET 1982
1126 1:00 EU CE%sT
1127
1128# Greece
1129# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1130# Whitman gives 1932 Jul 5 - Nov 1; go with Shanks.
1131Rule Greece 1932 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 S
1132Rule Greece 1932 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
1133# Whitman gives 1941 Apr 25 - ?; go with Shanks.
1134Rule Greece 1941 only - Apr 7 0:00 1:00 S
1135# Whitman gives 1942 Feb 2 - ?; go with Shanks.
1136Rule Greece 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 -
1137Rule Greece 1943 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S
1138Rule Greece 1943 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
1139# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 3 - Oct 31; go with Shanks.
1140Rule Greece 1952 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S
1141Rule Greece 1952 only - Nov 2 0:00 0 -
1142Rule Greece 1975 only - Apr 12 0:00s 1:00 S
1143Rule Greece 1975 only - Nov 26 0:00s 0 -
1144Rule Greece 1976 only - Apr 11 2:00s 1:00 S
1145Rule Greece 1976 only - Oct 10 2:00s 0 -
1146Rule Greece 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
1147Rule Greece 1977 only - Sep 26 2:00s 0 -
1148Rule Greece 1978 only - Sep 24 4:00 0 -
1149Rule Greece 1979 only - Apr 1 9:00 1:00 S
1150Rule Greece 1979 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 -
1151Rule Greece 1980 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1152Rule Greece 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
1153# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1154Zone Europe/Athens 1:34:52 - LMT 1895 Sep 14
1155 1:34:52 - AMT 1916 Jul 28 0:01 # Athens MT
1156 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1941 Apr 30
1157 1:00 Greece CE%sT 1944 Apr 4
1158 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1981
1159 # Shanks says they switched to C-Eur in 1981;
1160 # go with EU instead, since Greece joined it on Jan 1.
1161 2:00 EU EE%sT
1162
1163# Hungary
1164# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1165Rule Hungary 1918 only - Apr 1 3:00 1:00 S
1166Rule Hungary 1918 only - Sep 29 3:00 0 -
1167Rule Hungary 1919 only - Apr 15 3:00 1:00 S
1168Rule Hungary 1919 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 -
1169Rule Hungary 1920 only - Apr 5 3:00 1:00 S
1170Rule Hungary 1920 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
1171Rule Hungary 1945 only - May 1 23:00 1:00 S
1172Rule Hungary 1945 only - Nov 3 0:00 0 -
1173Rule Hungary 1946 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S
1174Rule Hungary 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
1175Rule Hungary 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=4 2:00s 1:00 S
1176Rule Hungary 1950 only - Apr 17 2:00s 1:00 S
1177Rule Hungary 1950 only - Oct 23 2:00s 0 -
1178Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - May 23 0:00 1:00 S
1179Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
1180Rule Hungary 1956 only - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
1181Rule Hungary 1956 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1182Rule Hungary 1957 only - Jun Sun>=1 1:00 1:00 S
1183Rule Hungary 1957 only - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 -
1184Rule Hungary 1980 only - Apr 6 1:00 1:00 S
1185# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1186Zone Europe/Budapest 1:16:20 - LMT 1890 Oct
1187 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918
1188 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1941 Apr 6 2:00
1189 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 1 23:00
1190 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1980 Sep 28 2:00s
1191 1:00 EU CE%sT
1192
1193# Iceland
1194#
|
1137# From Adam David <adam@veda.is> (1993-11-06):
| 1195# From Adam David (1993-11-06):
|
1138# The name of the timezone in Iceland for system / mail / news purposes is GMT.
1139#
1140# (1993-12-05):
1141# This material is paraphrased from the 1988 edition of the University of
1142# Iceland Almanak.
1143#
1144# From January 1st, 1908 the whole of Iceland was standardised at 1 hour
1145# behind GMT. Previously, local mean solar time was used in different parts
1146# of Iceland, the almanak had been based on Reykjavik mean solar time which
1147# was 1 hour and 28 minutes behind GMT.
1148#
1149# "first day of winter" referred to [below] means the first day of the 26 weeks
1150# of winter, according to the old icelandic calendar that dates back to the
1151# time the norsemen first settled Iceland. The first day of winter is always
1152# Saturday, but is not dependent on the Julian or Gregorian calendars.
1153#
1154# (1993-12-10):
1155# I have a reference from the Oxford Icelandic-English dictionary for the
1156# beginning of winter, which ties it to the ecclesiastical calendar (and thus
1157# to the julian/gregorian calendar) over the period in question.
1158# the winter begins on the Saturday next before St. Luke's day
1159# (old style), or on St. Luke's day, if a Saturday.
1160# St. Luke's day ought to be traceable from ecclesiastical sources. "old style"
1161# might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it
1162# might mean something else (???).
1163#
| 1196# The name of the timezone in Iceland for system / mail / news purposes is GMT.
1197#
1198# (1993-12-05):
1199# This material is paraphrased from the 1988 edition of the University of
1200# Iceland Almanak.
1201#
1202# From January 1st, 1908 the whole of Iceland was standardised at 1 hour
1203# behind GMT. Previously, local mean solar time was used in different parts
1204# of Iceland, the almanak had been based on Reykjavik mean solar time which
1205# was 1 hour and 28 minutes behind GMT.
1206#
1207# "first day of winter" referred to [below] means the first day of the 26 weeks
1208# of winter, according to the old icelandic calendar that dates back to the
1209# time the norsemen first settled Iceland. The first day of winter is always
1210# Saturday, but is not dependent on the Julian or Gregorian calendars.
1211#
1212# (1993-12-10):
1213# I have a reference from the Oxford Icelandic-English dictionary for the
1214# beginning of winter, which ties it to the ecclesiastical calendar (and thus
1215# to the julian/gregorian calendar) over the period in question.
1216# the winter begins on the Saturday next before St. Luke's day
1217# (old style), or on St. Luke's day, if a Saturday.
1218# St. Luke's day ought to be traceable from ecclesiastical sources. "old style"
1219# might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it
1220# might mean something else (???).
1221#
|
1164# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-10-29):
| 1222# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
|
1165# The Iceland Almanak, Shanks and Whitman disagree on many points.
1166# We go with the Almanak, except for one claim from Shanks, namely that
1167# Reykavik was 21W57 from 1837 to 1908, local mean time before that.
1168#
1169# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1170Rule Iceland 1917 1918 - Feb 19 23:00 1:00 S
1171Rule Iceland 1917 only - Oct 21 1:00 0 -
1172Rule Iceland 1918 only - Nov 16 1:00 0 -
1173Rule Iceland 1939 only - Apr 29 23:00 1:00 S
1174Rule Iceland 1939 only - Nov 29 2:00 0 -
1175Rule Iceland 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S
1176Rule Iceland 1940 only - Nov 3 2:00 0 -
1177Rule Iceland 1941 only - Mar 2 1:00s 1:00 S
1178Rule Iceland 1941 only - Nov 2 1:00s 0 -
1179Rule Iceland 1942 only - Mar 8 1:00s 1:00 S
1180Rule Iceland 1942 only - Oct 25 1:00s 0 -
1181# 1943-1946 - first Sunday in March until first Sunday in winter
1182Rule Iceland 1943 1946 - Mar Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S
1183Rule Iceland 1943 1948 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 -
1184# 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter
1185Rule Iceland 1947 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S
1186# 1949 Oct transition delayed by 1 week
1187Rule Iceland 1949 only - Oct 30 1:00s 0 -
1188Rule Iceland 1950 1966 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 -
1189Rule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 -
1190# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1191Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:27:24 - LMT 1837
1192 -1:27:48 - RMT 1908 # Reykjavik Mean Time?
1193 -1:00 Iceland IS%sT 1968 Apr 7 1:00s
1194 0:00 - GMT
1195
1196# Italy
1197#
1198# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):
1199# Sicily and Sardinia each had their own time zones from 1866 to 1893,
1200# called Palermo Time (+00:53:28) and Cagliari Time (+00:36:32).
1201# During World War II, German-controlled Italy used German time.
1202# But these events all occurred before the 1970 cutoff,
1203# so record only the time in Rome.
1204#
1205# From Paul Eggert (1996-05-06):
1206# For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks, Whitman, and F. Pollastri
1207# <a href="http://toi.iriti.cnr.it/uk/ienitlt.html">
1208# Day-light Saving Time in Italy (1996-03-14)
1209# </a>
1210# (`FP' below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute
1211# publication. When the three sources disagree, guess who's right, as follows:
1212#
1213# year FP Shanks (S) Whitman (W) Go with:
1214# 1916 06-03 06-03 24:00 06-03 00:00 FP & W
1215# 09-30 09-30 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s
1216# 1917 04-01 03-31 24:00 03-31 00:00 FP & S
1217# 09-30 09-29 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP & W
1218# 1918 03-09 03-09 24:00 03-09 00:00 FP & S
1219# 10-06 10-05 24:00 10-06 01:00 FP & W
1220# 1919 03-01 03-01 24:00 03-01 00:00 FP & S
1221# 10-04 10-04 24:00 10-04 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s
1222# 1920 03-20 03-20 24:00 03-20 00:00 FP & S
1223# 09-18 09-18 24:00 10-01 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s
1224# 1944 04-02 04-03 02:00 S (see C-Eur)
1225# 09-16 10-02 03:00 FP; guess 24:00s
1226# 1945 09-14 09-16 24:00 FP; guess 24:00s
1227# 1970 05-21 05-31 00:00 S
1228# 09-20 09-27 00:00 S
1229#
1230# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1231Rule Italy 1916 only - Jun 3 0:00s 1:00 S
1232Rule Italy 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
1233Rule Italy 1917 only - Apr 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1234Rule Italy 1917 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 -
1235Rule Italy 1918 only - Mar 10 0:00s 1:00 S
1236Rule Italy 1918 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 -
1237Rule Italy 1919 only - Mar 2 0:00s 1:00 S
1238Rule Italy 1920 only - Mar 21 0:00s 1:00 S
1239Rule Italy 1920 only - Sep 19 0:00s 0 -
1240Rule Italy 1940 only - Jun 15 0:00s 1:00 S
1241Rule Italy 1944 only - Sep 17 0:00s 0 -
1242Rule Italy 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 S
1243Rule Italy 1945 only - Sep 15 0:00s 0 -
1244Rule Italy 1946 only - Mar 17 2:00s 1:00 S
1245Rule Italy 1946 only - Oct 6 2:00s 0 -
1246Rule Italy 1947 only - Mar 16 0:00s 1:00 S
1247Rule Italy 1947 only - Oct 5 0:00s 0 -
1248Rule Italy 1948 only - Feb 29 2:00s 1:00 S
1249Rule Italy 1948 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 -
1250Rule Italy 1966 1968 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S
1251Rule Italy 1966 1969 - Sep Sun>=22 0:00 0 -
1252Rule Italy 1969 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
1253Rule Italy 1970 only - May 31 0:00 1:00 S
1254Rule Italy 1970 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1255Rule Italy 1971 1972 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S
1256Rule Italy 1971 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
1257Rule Italy 1972 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1258Rule Italy 1973 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 S
1259Rule Italy 1973 1974 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1260Rule Italy 1974 only - May 26 0:00 1:00 S
1261Rule Italy 1975 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1262Rule Italy 1975 1977 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
1263Rule Italy 1976 only - May 30 0:00s 1:00 S
1264Rule Italy 1977 1979 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S
1265Rule Italy 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
1266Rule Italy 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 -
1267# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1268Zone Europe/Rome 0:49:56 - LMT 1866 Sep 22
1269 0:49:56 - RMT 1893 Nov # Rome Mean Time
1270 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
1271 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul
1272 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1980
1273 1:00 EU CE%sT
1274
1275Link Europe/Rome Europe/Vatican
1276Link Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino
1277
1278# Latvia
1279
| 1223# The Iceland Almanak, Shanks and Whitman disagree on many points.
1224# We go with the Almanak, except for one claim from Shanks, namely that
1225# Reykavik was 21W57 from 1837 to 1908, local mean time before that.
1226#
1227# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1228Rule Iceland 1917 1918 - Feb 19 23:00 1:00 S
1229Rule Iceland 1917 only - Oct 21 1:00 0 -
1230Rule Iceland 1918 only - Nov 16 1:00 0 -
1231Rule Iceland 1939 only - Apr 29 23:00 1:00 S
1232Rule Iceland 1939 only - Nov 29 2:00 0 -
1233Rule Iceland 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S
1234Rule Iceland 1940 only - Nov 3 2:00 0 -
1235Rule Iceland 1941 only - Mar 2 1:00s 1:00 S
1236Rule Iceland 1941 only - Nov 2 1:00s 0 -
1237Rule Iceland 1942 only - Mar 8 1:00s 1:00 S
1238Rule Iceland 1942 only - Oct 25 1:00s 0 -
1239# 1943-1946 - first Sunday in March until first Sunday in winter
1240Rule Iceland 1943 1946 - Mar Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S
1241Rule Iceland 1943 1948 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 -
1242# 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter
1243Rule Iceland 1947 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S
1244# 1949 Oct transition delayed by 1 week
1245Rule Iceland 1949 only - Oct 30 1:00s 0 -
1246Rule Iceland 1950 1966 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 -
1247Rule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 -
1248# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1249Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:27:24 - LMT 1837
1250 -1:27:48 - RMT 1908 # Reykjavik Mean Time?
1251 -1:00 Iceland IS%sT 1968 Apr 7 1:00s
1252 0:00 - GMT
1253
1254# Italy
1255#
1256# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):
1257# Sicily and Sardinia each had their own time zones from 1866 to 1893,
1258# called Palermo Time (+00:53:28) and Cagliari Time (+00:36:32).
1259# During World War II, German-controlled Italy used German time.
1260# But these events all occurred before the 1970 cutoff,
1261# so record only the time in Rome.
1262#
1263# From Paul Eggert (1996-05-06):
1264# For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks, Whitman, and F. Pollastri
1265# <a href="http://toi.iriti.cnr.it/uk/ienitlt.html">
1266# Day-light Saving Time in Italy (1996-03-14)
1267# </a>
1268# (`FP' below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute
1269# publication. When the three sources disagree, guess who's right, as follows:
1270#
1271# year FP Shanks (S) Whitman (W) Go with:
1272# 1916 06-03 06-03 24:00 06-03 00:00 FP & W
1273# 09-30 09-30 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s
1274# 1917 04-01 03-31 24:00 03-31 00:00 FP & S
1275# 09-30 09-29 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP & W
1276# 1918 03-09 03-09 24:00 03-09 00:00 FP & S
1277# 10-06 10-05 24:00 10-06 01:00 FP & W
1278# 1919 03-01 03-01 24:00 03-01 00:00 FP & S
1279# 10-04 10-04 24:00 10-04 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s
1280# 1920 03-20 03-20 24:00 03-20 00:00 FP & S
1281# 09-18 09-18 24:00 10-01 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s
1282# 1944 04-02 04-03 02:00 S (see C-Eur)
1283# 09-16 10-02 03:00 FP; guess 24:00s
1284# 1945 09-14 09-16 24:00 FP; guess 24:00s
1285# 1970 05-21 05-31 00:00 S
1286# 09-20 09-27 00:00 S
1287#
1288# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1289Rule Italy 1916 only - Jun 3 0:00s 1:00 S
1290Rule Italy 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
1291Rule Italy 1917 only - Apr 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1292Rule Italy 1917 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 -
1293Rule Italy 1918 only - Mar 10 0:00s 1:00 S
1294Rule Italy 1918 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 -
1295Rule Italy 1919 only - Mar 2 0:00s 1:00 S
1296Rule Italy 1920 only - Mar 21 0:00s 1:00 S
1297Rule Italy 1920 only - Sep 19 0:00s 0 -
1298Rule Italy 1940 only - Jun 15 0:00s 1:00 S
1299Rule Italy 1944 only - Sep 17 0:00s 0 -
1300Rule Italy 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 S
1301Rule Italy 1945 only - Sep 15 0:00s 0 -
1302Rule Italy 1946 only - Mar 17 2:00s 1:00 S
1303Rule Italy 1946 only - Oct 6 2:00s 0 -
1304Rule Italy 1947 only - Mar 16 0:00s 1:00 S
1305Rule Italy 1947 only - Oct 5 0:00s 0 -
1306Rule Italy 1948 only - Feb 29 2:00s 1:00 S
1307Rule Italy 1948 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 -
1308Rule Italy 1966 1968 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S
1309Rule Italy 1966 1969 - Sep Sun>=22 0:00 0 -
1310Rule Italy 1969 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
1311Rule Italy 1970 only - May 31 0:00 1:00 S
1312Rule Italy 1970 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1313Rule Italy 1971 1972 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S
1314Rule Italy 1971 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
1315Rule Italy 1972 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1316Rule Italy 1973 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 S
1317Rule Italy 1973 1974 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1318Rule Italy 1974 only - May 26 0:00 1:00 S
1319Rule Italy 1975 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1320Rule Italy 1975 1977 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
1321Rule Italy 1976 only - May 30 0:00s 1:00 S
1322Rule Italy 1977 1979 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S
1323Rule Italy 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
1324Rule Italy 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 -
1325# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1326Zone Europe/Rome 0:49:56 - LMT 1866 Sep 22
1327 0:49:56 - RMT 1893 Nov # Rome Mean Time
1328 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
1329 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul
1330 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1980
1331 1:00 EU CE%sT
1332
1333Link Europe/Rome Europe/Vatican
1334Link Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino
1335
1336# Latvia
1337
|
1280# From Liene Kanepe <Liene_Kanepe@lm.gov.lv> (1998-09-17):
| 1338# From Liene Kanepe (1998-09-17):
|
1281
1282# I asked about this matter Scientific Secretary of the Institute of Astronomy
1283# of The University of Latvia Dr. paed Mr. Ilgonis Vilks. I also searched the
1284# correct data in juridical acts and I found some juridical documents about
1285# changes in the counting of time in Latvia from 1981....
1286#
1287# Act No.35 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1981-01-22 ...
1288# according to the Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1980-10-24
1289# ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning
1290# the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on 1 April at 00:00 (GMT 31 March 21:00)
1291# and 1 hour backward on the 1 October at 00:00 (GMT 30 September 20:00).
1292#
1293# Act No.592 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1984-09-24 ...
1294# according to the Act No.967 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1984-09-13
1295# ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning
1296# the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on the last Sunday of March at 02:00
1297# (GMT 23:00 on the previous day) and 1 hour backward on the last Sunday of
1298# September at 03:00 (GMT 23:00 on the previous day).
1299#
1300# Act No.81 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1989-03-22 ...
1301# according to the Act No.227 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1989-03-14
1302# ...: since the last Sunday of March 1989 in Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR,
1303# Estonian SSR and Kaliningrad region of Russian Federation all year round the
1304# time of 2nd time zone (Moscow time minus one hour). On the territory of Latvia
1305# transition to summer time is performed on the last Sunday of March at 02:00
1306# (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour forward. The end of
1307# daylight saving time is performed on the last Sunday of September at 03:00
1308# (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour backward. Exception is
1309# 1989-03-26, when we must not turn the hands of the clock....
1310#
1311# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Latvia of
1312# 1997-01-21 on transition to Summer time ... established the same order of
1313# daylight savings time settings as in the States of the European Union.
1314
1315# From Andrei Ivanov (2000-03-06):
1316# This year Latvia will not switch to Daylight Savings Time (as specified in
1317# <a href="http://www.lv-laiks.lv/wwwraksti/2000/071072/vd4.htm">
1318# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Rep. of Latvia of
1319# 29-Feb-2000 (#79)</a>, in Latvian for subscribers only).
1320
1321# <a href="http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2001/01/3-CEE/cee-030101.html">
1322# From RFE/RL Newsline (2001-01-03), noted after a heads-up by Rives McDow:
1323# </a>
1324# The Latvian government on 2 January decided that the country will
1325# institute daylight-saving time this spring, LETA reported.
1326# Last February the three Baltic states decided not to turn back their
1327# clocks one hour in the spring....
1328# Minister of Economy Aigars Kalvitis noted that Latvia had too few
1329# daylight hours and thus decided to comply with a draft European
1330# Commission directive that provides for instituting daylight-saving
1331# time in EU countries between 2002 and 2006. The Latvian government
1332# urged Lithuania and Estonia to adopt a similar time policy, but it
1333# appears that they will not do so....
1334
1335# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1336Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
1337Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
1338# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1339Zone Europe/Riga 1:36:24 - LMT 1880
1340 1:36:24 - RMT 1918 Apr 15 2:00 #Riga Mean Time
1341 1:36:24 1:00 LST 1918 Sep 16 3:00 #Latvian Summer
1342 1:36:24 - RMT 1919 Apr 1 2:00
1343 1:36:24 1:00 LST 1919 May 22 3:00
1344 1:36:24 - RMT 1926 May 11
1345 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 5
1346 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jul
1347 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 13
1348 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar lastSun 2:00s
1349 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep lastSun 2:00s
1350 2:00 Latvia EE%sT 1997 Jan 21
1351 2:00 EU EE%sT 2000 Feb 29
1352 2:00 - EET 2001 Jan 2
1353 2:00 EU EE%sT
1354
1355# Liechtenstein
1356# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1357Zone Europe/Vaduz 0:38:04 - LMT 1894 Jun
1358 1:00 - CET 1981
1359 1:00 EU CE%sT
1360
1361# Lithuania
1362
1363# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
1364# IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is
1365# known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it's wrong here too.
1366
| 1339
1340# I asked about this matter Scientific Secretary of the Institute of Astronomy
1341# of The University of Latvia Dr. paed Mr. Ilgonis Vilks. I also searched the
1342# correct data in juridical acts and I found some juridical documents about
1343# changes in the counting of time in Latvia from 1981....
1344#
1345# Act No.35 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1981-01-22 ...
1346# according to the Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1980-10-24
1347# ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning
1348# the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on 1 April at 00:00 (GMT 31 March 21:00)
1349# and 1 hour backward on the 1 October at 00:00 (GMT 30 September 20:00).
1350#
1351# Act No.592 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1984-09-24 ...
1352# according to the Act No.967 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1984-09-13
1353# ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning
1354# the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on the last Sunday of March at 02:00
1355# (GMT 23:00 on the previous day) and 1 hour backward on the last Sunday of
1356# September at 03:00 (GMT 23:00 on the previous day).
1357#
1358# Act No.81 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1989-03-22 ...
1359# according to the Act No.227 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1989-03-14
1360# ...: since the last Sunday of March 1989 in Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR,
1361# Estonian SSR and Kaliningrad region of Russian Federation all year round the
1362# time of 2nd time zone (Moscow time minus one hour). On the territory of Latvia
1363# transition to summer time is performed on the last Sunday of March at 02:00
1364# (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour forward. The end of
1365# daylight saving time is performed on the last Sunday of September at 03:00
1366# (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour backward. Exception is
1367# 1989-03-26, when we must not turn the hands of the clock....
1368#
1369# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Latvia of
1370# 1997-01-21 on transition to Summer time ... established the same order of
1371# daylight savings time settings as in the States of the European Union.
1372
1373# From Andrei Ivanov (2000-03-06):
1374# This year Latvia will not switch to Daylight Savings Time (as specified in
1375# <a href="http://www.lv-laiks.lv/wwwraksti/2000/071072/vd4.htm">
1376# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Rep. of Latvia of
1377# 29-Feb-2000 (#79)</a>, in Latvian for subscribers only).
1378
1379# <a href="http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2001/01/3-CEE/cee-030101.html">
1380# From RFE/RL Newsline (2001-01-03), noted after a heads-up by Rives McDow:
1381# </a>
1382# The Latvian government on 2 January decided that the country will
1383# institute daylight-saving time this spring, LETA reported.
1384# Last February the three Baltic states decided not to turn back their
1385# clocks one hour in the spring....
1386# Minister of Economy Aigars Kalvitis noted that Latvia had too few
1387# daylight hours and thus decided to comply with a draft European
1388# Commission directive that provides for instituting daylight-saving
1389# time in EU countries between 2002 and 2006. The Latvian government
1390# urged Lithuania and Estonia to adopt a similar time policy, but it
1391# appears that they will not do so....
1392
1393# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1394Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
1395Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
1396# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1397Zone Europe/Riga 1:36:24 - LMT 1880
1398 1:36:24 - RMT 1918 Apr 15 2:00 #Riga Mean Time
1399 1:36:24 1:00 LST 1918 Sep 16 3:00 #Latvian Summer
1400 1:36:24 - RMT 1919 Apr 1 2:00
1401 1:36:24 1:00 LST 1919 May 22 3:00
1402 1:36:24 - RMT 1926 May 11
1403 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 5
1404 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jul
1405 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 13
1406 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar lastSun 2:00s
1407 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep lastSun 2:00s
1408 2:00 Latvia EE%sT 1997 Jan 21
1409 2:00 EU EE%sT 2000 Feb 29
1410 2:00 - EET 2001 Jan 2
1411 2:00 EU EE%sT
1412
1413# Liechtenstein
1414# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1415Zone Europe/Vaduz 0:38:04 - LMT 1894 Jun
1416 1:00 - CET 1981
1417 1:00 EU CE%sT
1418
1419# Lithuania
1420
1421# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
1422# IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is
1423# known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it's wrong here too.
1424
|
1367# From Marius Gedminas <mgedmin@pub.osf.lt> (1998-08-07):
| 1425# From Marius Gedminas (1998-08-07):
|
1368# I would like to inform that in this year Lithuanian time zone
1369# (Europe/Vilnius) was changed.
1370
1371# From <a href="http://www.elta.lt/">ELTA</a> No. 972 (2582) (1999-09-29),
1372# via Steffen Thorsen:
1373# Lithuania has shifted back to the second time zone (GMT plus two hours)
1374# to be valid here starting from October 31,
1375# as decided by the national government on Wednesday....
1376# The Lithuanian government also announced plans to consider a
1377# motion to give up shifting to summer time in spring, as it was
1378# already done by Estonia.
1379
1380# From the <a href="http://www.tourism.lt/informa/ff.htm">
1381# Fact File, Lithuanian State Department of Tourism
1382# </a> (2000-03-27): Local time is GMT+2 hours ..., no daylight saving.
1383
1384# From a user via Klaus Marten (2003-02-07):
1385# As a candidate for membership of the European Union, Lithuania will
1386# observe Summer Time in 2003, changing its clocks at the times laid
1387# down in EU Directive 2000/84 of 19.I.01 (i.e. at the same times as its
1388# neighbour Latvia). The text of the Lithuanian government Order of
1389# 7.XI.02 to this effect can be found at
1390# http://www.lrvk.lt/nut/11/n1749.htm
1391
1392
1393# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1394Zone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880
1395 1:24:00 - WMT 1917 # Warsaw Mean Time
1396 1:35:36 - KMT 1919 Oct 10 # Kaunas Mean Time
1397 1:00 - CET 1920 Jul 12
1398 2:00 - EET 1920 Oct 9
1399 1:00 - CET 1940 Aug 3
1400 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 24
1401 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug
1402 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1403 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1404 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998
1405 2:00 - EET 1998 Mar 29 1:00u
1406 1:00 EU CE%sT 1999 Oct 31 1:00u
1407 2:00 - EET 2003 Jan 1
1408 2:00 EU EE%sT
1409
1410# Luxembourg
1411# Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways; go with Shanks.
1412# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1413Rule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S
1414Rule Lux 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
1415Rule Lux 1917 only - Apr 28 23:00 1:00 S
1416Rule Lux 1917 only - Sep 17 1:00 0 -
1417Rule Lux 1918 only - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S
1418Rule Lux 1918 only - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 -
1419Rule Lux 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00 1:00 S
1420Rule Lux 1919 only - Oct 5 3:00 0 -
1421Rule Lux 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S
1422Rule Lux 1920 only - Oct 24 2:00 0 -
1423Rule Lux 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00 1:00 S
1424Rule Lux 1921 only - Oct 26 2:00 0 -
1425Rule Lux 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00 1:00 S
1426Rule Lux 1922 only - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 -
1427Rule Lux 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00 1:00 S
1428Rule Lux 1923 only - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 -
1429Rule Lux 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00 1:00 S
1430Rule Lux 1924 1928 - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 -
1431Rule Lux 1925 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S
1432Rule Lux 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 S
1433Rule Lux 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 S
1434Rule Lux 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00 1:00 S
1435Rule Lux 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 S
1436# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1437Zone Europe/Luxembourg 0:24:36 - LMT 1904 Jun
1438 1:00 Lux CE%sT 1918 Nov 25
1439 0:00 Lux WE%sT 1929 Oct 6 2:00s
1440 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 14 3:00
1441 1:00 C-Eur WE%sT 1944 Sep 18 3:00
1442 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977
1443 1:00 EU CE%sT
1444
1445# Macedonia
1446# see Serbia and Montenegro
1447
1448# Malta
1449# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1450Rule Malta 1973 only - Mar 31 0:00s 1:00 S
1451Rule Malta 1973 only - Sep 29 0:00s 0 -
1452Rule Malta 1974 only - Apr 21 0:00s 1:00 S
1453Rule Malta 1974 only - Sep 16 0:00s 0 -
1454Rule Malta 1975 1979 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S
1455Rule Malta 1975 1980 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
1456Rule Malta 1980 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
1457# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1458Zone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 2 # Valletta
1459 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
1460 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s
1461 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1973 Mar 31
1462 1:00 Malta CE%sT 1981
1463 1:00 EU CE%sT
1464
1465# Moldova
1466
1467# From Paul Eggert (2001-02-11):
1468# A previous version of this database followed Shanks, who writes that
1469# Tiraspol switched to Moscow time on 1992-01-19 at 02:00.
1470# However, this is most likely an error, as Moldova declared independence
1471# on 1991-08-27 (the 1992-01-19 date is that of a Russian decree).
1472# In early 1992 there was large-scale interethnic violence in the area
1473# and it's possible that some Russophones continued to observe Moscow time.
| 1426# I would like to inform that in this year Lithuanian time zone
1427# (Europe/Vilnius) was changed.
1428
1429# From <a href="http://www.elta.lt/">ELTA</a> No. 972 (2582) (1999-09-29),
1430# via Steffen Thorsen:
1431# Lithuania has shifted back to the second time zone (GMT plus two hours)
1432# to be valid here starting from October 31,
1433# as decided by the national government on Wednesday....
1434# The Lithuanian government also announced plans to consider a
1435# motion to give up shifting to summer time in spring, as it was
1436# already done by Estonia.
1437
1438# From the <a href="http://www.tourism.lt/informa/ff.htm">
1439# Fact File, Lithuanian State Department of Tourism
1440# </a> (2000-03-27): Local time is GMT+2 hours ..., no daylight saving.
1441
1442# From a user via Klaus Marten (2003-02-07):
1443# As a candidate for membership of the European Union, Lithuania will
1444# observe Summer Time in 2003, changing its clocks at the times laid
1445# down in EU Directive 2000/84 of 19.I.01 (i.e. at the same times as its
1446# neighbour Latvia). The text of the Lithuanian government Order of
1447# 7.XI.02 to this effect can be found at
1448# http://www.lrvk.lt/nut/11/n1749.htm
1449
1450
1451# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1452Zone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880
1453 1:24:00 - WMT 1917 # Warsaw Mean Time
1454 1:35:36 - KMT 1919 Oct 10 # Kaunas Mean Time
1455 1:00 - CET 1920 Jul 12
1456 2:00 - EET 1920 Oct 9
1457 1:00 - CET 1940 Aug 3
1458 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 24
1459 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug
1460 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1461 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1462 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998
1463 2:00 - EET 1998 Mar 29 1:00u
1464 1:00 EU CE%sT 1999 Oct 31 1:00u
1465 2:00 - EET 2003 Jan 1
1466 2:00 EU EE%sT
1467
1468# Luxembourg
1469# Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways; go with Shanks.
1470# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1471Rule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S
1472Rule Lux 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
1473Rule Lux 1917 only - Apr 28 23:00 1:00 S
1474Rule Lux 1917 only - Sep 17 1:00 0 -
1475Rule Lux 1918 only - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S
1476Rule Lux 1918 only - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 -
1477Rule Lux 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00 1:00 S
1478Rule Lux 1919 only - Oct 5 3:00 0 -
1479Rule Lux 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S
1480Rule Lux 1920 only - Oct 24 2:00 0 -
1481Rule Lux 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00 1:00 S
1482Rule Lux 1921 only - Oct 26 2:00 0 -
1483Rule Lux 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00 1:00 S
1484Rule Lux 1922 only - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 -
1485Rule Lux 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00 1:00 S
1486Rule Lux 1923 only - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 -
1487Rule Lux 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00 1:00 S
1488Rule Lux 1924 1928 - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 -
1489Rule Lux 1925 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S
1490Rule Lux 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 S
1491Rule Lux 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 S
1492Rule Lux 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00 1:00 S
1493Rule Lux 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 S
1494# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1495Zone Europe/Luxembourg 0:24:36 - LMT 1904 Jun
1496 1:00 Lux CE%sT 1918 Nov 25
1497 0:00 Lux WE%sT 1929 Oct 6 2:00s
1498 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 14 3:00
1499 1:00 C-Eur WE%sT 1944 Sep 18 3:00
1500 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977
1501 1:00 EU CE%sT
1502
1503# Macedonia
1504# see Serbia and Montenegro
1505
1506# Malta
1507# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1508Rule Malta 1973 only - Mar 31 0:00s 1:00 S
1509Rule Malta 1973 only - Sep 29 0:00s 0 -
1510Rule Malta 1974 only - Apr 21 0:00s 1:00 S
1511Rule Malta 1974 only - Sep 16 0:00s 0 -
1512Rule Malta 1975 1979 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S
1513Rule Malta 1975 1980 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 -
1514Rule Malta 1980 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
1515# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1516Zone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 2 # Valletta
1517 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
1518 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s
1519 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1973 Mar 31
1520 1:00 Malta CE%sT 1981
1521 1:00 EU CE%sT
1522
1523# Moldova
1524
1525# From Paul Eggert (2001-02-11):
1526# A previous version of this database followed Shanks, who writes that
1527# Tiraspol switched to Moscow time on 1992-01-19 at 02:00.
1528# However, this is most likely an error, as Moldova declared independence
1529# on 1991-08-27 (the 1992-01-19 date is that of a Russian decree).
1530# In early 1992 there was large-scale interethnic violence in the area
1531# and it's possible that some Russophones continued to observe Moscow time.
|
1474# But moldavizolit@tirastel.md and mk@tirastel.md separately reported via
| 1532# But [two people] separately reported via
|
1475# Jesper Norgaard that as of 2001-01-24 Tiraspol was like Chisinau.
1476# The Tiraspol entry has therefore been removed for now.
1477
1478# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1479Zone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1880
1480 1:55 - CMT 1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT
1481 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
1482 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1940 Aug 15
1483 2:00 1:00 EEST 1941 Jul 17
1484 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 24
1485 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
1486 3:00 - MSK 1990 May 6
1487 2:00 - EET 1991
1488 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992
1489 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997
1490# See Romania commentary for the guessed 1997 transition to EU rules.
1491 2:00 EU EE%sT
1492
1493# Monaco
1494# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's more precise 0:09:21.
1495# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1496Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15
1497 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
1498 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
1499 1:00 France CE%sT 1977
1500 1:00 EU CE%sT
1501
1502# Netherlands
1503
1504# Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940,
1505# but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time.
1506
1507# However, Robert H. van Gent writes (2001-04-01):
1508# Howse's statement is only correct up to 1909. From 1909-05-01 (00:00:00
1509# Amsterdam mean time) onwards, the whole of the Netherlands (including
1510# the Dutch railways) was required by law to observe Amsterdam mean time
1511# (19 minutes 32.13 seconds ahead of GMT). This had already been the
1512# common practice (except for the railways) for many decades but it was
1513# not until 1909 when the Dutch government finally defined this by law.
1514# On 1937-07-01 this was changed to 20 minutes (exactly) ahead of GMT and
1515# was generally known as Dutch Time ("Nederlandse Tijd").
1516#
1517# (2001-04-08):
1518# 1892-05-01 was the date when the Dutch railways were by law required to
1519# observe GMT while the remainder of the Netherlands adhered to the common
1520# practice of following Amsterdam mean time.
1521#
1522# (2001-04-09):
1523# In 1835 the authorities of the province of North Holland requested the
1524# municipal authorities of the towns and cities in the province to observe
1525# Amsterdam mean time but I do not know in how many cases this request was
1526# actually followed.
1527#
1528# From 1852 onwards the Dutch telegraph offices were by law required to
1529# observe Amsterdam mean time. As the time signals from the observatory of
1530# Leiden were also distributed by the telegraph system, I assume that most
1531# places linked up with the telegraph (and railway) system automatically
1532# adopted Amsterdam mean time.
1533#
1534# Although the early Dutch railway companies initially observed a variety
1535# of times, most of them had adopted Amsterdam mean time by 1858 but it
1536# was not until 1866 when they were all required by law to observe
1537# Amsterdam mean time.
1538
1539# The data before 1945 are taken from
1540# <http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/wettijd/wettijd.htm>.
1541
1542# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1543Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time
1544Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time
1545Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST
1546Rule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT
1547Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
1548Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep lastMon 2:00s 0 AMT
1549Rule Neth 1922 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST
1550Rule Neth 1922 1936 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 AMT
1551Rule Neth 1923 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
1552Rule Neth 1924 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST
1553Rule Neth 1925 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
1554# From 1926 through 1939 DST began 05-15, except that it was delayed by a week
1555# in years when 05-15 fell in the Pentecost weekend.
1556Rule Neth 1926 1931 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST
1557Rule Neth 1932 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST
1558Rule Neth 1933 1936 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST
1559Rule Neth 1937 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST
1560Rule Neth 1937 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S
1561Rule Neth 1937 1939 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 -
1562Rule Neth 1938 1939 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 S
1563Rule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
1564Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
1565#
1566# Amsterdam Mean Time was +00:19:32.13 exactly, but the .13 is omitted
1567# below because the current format requires GMTOFF to be an integer.
1568# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1569Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:32 - LMT 1835
1570 0:19:32 Neth %s 1937 Jul 1
1571 0:20 Neth NE%sT 1940 May 16 0:00 # Dutch Time
1572 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
1573 1:00 Neth CE%sT 1977
1574 1:00 EU CE%sT
1575
1576# Norway
| 1533# Jesper Norgaard that as of 2001-01-24 Tiraspol was like Chisinau.
1534# The Tiraspol entry has therefore been removed for now.
1535
1536# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1537Zone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1880
1538 1:55 - CMT 1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT
1539 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
1540 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1940 Aug 15
1541 2:00 1:00 EEST 1941 Jul 17
1542 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 24
1543 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
1544 3:00 - MSK 1990 May 6
1545 2:00 - EET 1991
1546 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992
1547 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997
1548# See Romania commentary for the guessed 1997 transition to EU rules.
1549 2:00 EU EE%sT
1550
1551# Monaco
1552# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's more precise 0:09:21.
1553# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1554Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15
1555 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
1556 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
1557 1:00 France CE%sT 1977
1558 1:00 EU CE%sT
1559
1560# Netherlands
1561
1562# Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940,
1563# but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time.
1564
1565# However, Robert H. van Gent writes (2001-04-01):
1566# Howse's statement is only correct up to 1909. From 1909-05-01 (00:00:00
1567# Amsterdam mean time) onwards, the whole of the Netherlands (including
1568# the Dutch railways) was required by law to observe Amsterdam mean time
1569# (19 minutes 32.13 seconds ahead of GMT). This had already been the
1570# common practice (except for the railways) for many decades but it was
1571# not until 1909 when the Dutch government finally defined this by law.
1572# On 1937-07-01 this was changed to 20 minutes (exactly) ahead of GMT and
1573# was generally known as Dutch Time ("Nederlandse Tijd").
1574#
1575# (2001-04-08):
1576# 1892-05-01 was the date when the Dutch railways were by law required to
1577# observe GMT while the remainder of the Netherlands adhered to the common
1578# practice of following Amsterdam mean time.
1579#
1580# (2001-04-09):
1581# In 1835 the authorities of the province of North Holland requested the
1582# municipal authorities of the towns and cities in the province to observe
1583# Amsterdam mean time but I do not know in how many cases this request was
1584# actually followed.
1585#
1586# From 1852 onwards the Dutch telegraph offices were by law required to
1587# observe Amsterdam mean time. As the time signals from the observatory of
1588# Leiden were also distributed by the telegraph system, I assume that most
1589# places linked up with the telegraph (and railway) system automatically
1590# adopted Amsterdam mean time.
1591#
1592# Although the early Dutch railway companies initially observed a variety
1593# of times, most of them had adopted Amsterdam mean time by 1858 but it
1594# was not until 1866 when they were all required by law to observe
1595# Amsterdam mean time.
1596
1597# The data before 1945 are taken from
1598# <http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/wettijd/wettijd.htm>.
1599
1600# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1601Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time
1602Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time
1603Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST
1604Rule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT
1605Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
1606Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep lastMon 2:00s 0 AMT
1607Rule Neth 1922 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST
1608Rule Neth 1922 1936 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 AMT
1609Rule Neth 1923 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
1610Rule Neth 1924 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST
1611Rule Neth 1925 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST
1612# From 1926 through 1939 DST began 05-15, except that it was delayed by a week
1613# in years when 05-15 fell in the Pentecost weekend.
1614Rule Neth 1926 1931 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST
1615Rule Neth 1932 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST
1616Rule Neth 1933 1936 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST
1617Rule Neth 1937 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST
1618Rule Neth 1937 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S
1619Rule Neth 1937 1939 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 -
1620Rule Neth 1938 1939 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 S
1621Rule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
1622Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
1623#
1624# Amsterdam Mean Time was +00:19:32.13 exactly, but the .13 is omitted
1625# below because the current format requires GMTOFF to be an integer.
1626# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1627Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:32 - LMT 1835
1628 0:19:32 Neth %s 1937 Jul 1
1629 0:20 Neth NE%sT 1940 May 16 0:00 # Dutch Time
1630 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
1631 1:00 Neth CE%sT 1977
1632 1:00 EU CE%sT
1633
1634# Norway
|
| 1635# http://met.no/met/met_lex/q_u/sommertid.html (2004-01) agrees with Shanks.
|
1577# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
| 1636# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
|
1578# Whitman gives 1916 May 21 - 1916 Oct 21; go with Shanks.
| |
1579Rule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 S
1580Rule Norway 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
| 1637Rule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 S
1638Rule Norway 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
|
1581# Whitman says DST observed 1935-08-11/1942-11-01, then 1943-03-29/10-04,
1582# 1944-04-03/10-02, and 1945-04-01/10-01; go with Shanks.
| |
1583Rule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
1584Rule Norway 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 -
1585Rule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 S
1586Rule Norway 1959 1965 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
1587Rule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 S
1588# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1589Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895 Jan 1
1590 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1940 Aug 10 23:00
1591 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
1592 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1980
1593 1:00 EU CE%sT
1594
1595# Svalbard & Jan Mayen
1596
1597# From Steffen Thorsen (2001-05-01):
1598# Although I could not find it explicitly, it seems that Jan Mayen and
1599# Svalbard have been using the same time as Norway at least since the
1600# time they were declared as parts of Norway. Svalbard was declared
1601# as a part of Norway by law of 1925-07-17 no 11, section 4 and Jan
1602# Mayen by law of 1930-02-27 no 2, section 2. (From
1603# http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19250717-011.html and
1604# http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19300227-002.html). The law/regulation
1605# for normal/standard time in Norway is from 1894-06-29 no 1 (came
1606# into operation on 1895-01-01) and Svalbard/Jan Mayen seem to be a
1607# part of this law since 1925/1930. (From
1608# http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-18940629-001.html ) I have not been
1609# able to find if Jan Mayen used a different time zone (e.g. -0100)
1610# before 1930. Jan Mayen has only been "inhabitated" since 1921 by
1611# Norwegian meteorologists and maybe used the same time as Norway ever
1612# since 1921. Svalbard (Arctic/Longyearbyen) has been inhabited since
1613# before 1895, and therefore probably changed the local time somewhere
1614# between 1895 and 1925 (inclusive).
1615
1616# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-01):
1617#
1618# Actually, Jan Mayen was never occupied by Germany during World War II,
1619# so it must have diverged from Oslo time during the war, as Oslo was
1620# keeping Berlin time.
1621#
1622# <http://home.no.net/janmayen/history.htm> says that the meteorologists
1623# burned down their station in 1940 and left the island, but returned in
1624# 1941 with a small Norwegian garrison and continued operations despite
1625# frequent air ttacks from Germans. In 1943 the Americans established a
1626# radiolocating station on the island, called "Atlantic City". Possibly
1627# the UTC offset changed during the war, but I think it unlikely that
1628# Jan Mayen used German daylight-saving rules.
1629#
1630# Svalbard is more complicated, as it was raided in August 1941 by an
1631# Allied party that evacuated the civilian population to England (says
1632# <http://www.bartleby.com/65/sv/Svalbard.html>). The Svalbard FAQ
1633# <http://www.svalbard.com/SvalbardFAQ.html> says that the Germans were
1634# expelled on 1942-05-14. However, small parties of Germans did return,
1635# and according to Wilhelm Dege's book "War North of 80" (1954)
| 1639Rule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S
1640Rule Norway 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 -
1641Rule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 S
1642Rule Norway 1959 1965 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
1643Rule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 S
1644# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1645Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895 Jan 1
1646 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1940 Aug 10 23:00
1647 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
1648 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1980
1649 1:00 EU CE%sT
1650
1651# Svalbard & Jan Mayen
1652
1653# From Steffen Thorsen (2001-05-01):
1654# Although I could not find it explicitly, it seems that Jan Mayen and
1655# Svalbard have been using the same time as Norway at least since the
1656# time they were declared as parts of Norway. Svalbard was declared
1657# as a part of Norway by law of 1925-07-17 no 11, section 4 and Jan
1658# Mayen by law of 1930-02-27 no 2, section 2. (From
1659# http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19250717-011.html and
1660# http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19300227-002.html). The law/regulation
1661# for normal/standard time in Norway is from 1894-06-29 no 1 (came
1662# into operation on 1895-01-01) and Svalbard/Jan Mayen seem to be a
1663# part of this law since 1925/1930. (From
1664# http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-18940629-001.html ) I have not been
1665# able to find if Jan Mayen used a different time zone (e.g. -0100)
1666# before 1930. Jan Mayen has only been "inhabitated" since 1921 by
1667# Norwegian meteorologists and maybe used the same time as Norway ever
1668# since 1921. Svalbard (Arctic/Longyearbyen) has been inhabited since
1669# before 1895, and therefore probably changed the local time somewhere
1670# between 1895 and 1925 (inclusive).
1671
1672# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-01):
1673#
1674# Actually, Jan Mayen was never occupied by Germany during World War II,
1675# so it must have diverged from Oslo time during the war, as Oslo was
1676# keeping Berlin time.
1677#
1678# <http://home.no.net/janmayen/history.htm> says that the meteorologists
1679# burned down their station in 1940 and left the island, but returned in
1680# 1941 with a small Norwegian garrison and continued operations despite
1681# frequent air ttacks from Germans. In 1943 the Americans established a
1682# radiolocating station on the island, called "Atlantic City". Possibly
1683# the UTC offset changed during the war, but I think it unlikely that
1684# Jan Mayen used German daylight-saving rules.
1685#
1686# Svalbard is more complicated, as it was raided in August 1941 by an
1687# Allied party that evacuated the civilian population to England (says
1688# <http://www.bartleby.com/65/sv/Svalbard.html>). The Svalbard FAQ
1689# <http://www.svalbard.com/SvalbardFAQ.html> says that the Germans were
1690# expelled on 1942-05-14. However, small parties of Germans did return,
1691# and according to Wilhelm Dege's book "War North of 80" (1954)
|
1636# <http://www.utpress.utoronto.ca/publishing/rights/dege_warnorthof80.htm>
| 1692# <http://www.ucalgary.ca/UofC/departments/UP/1-55238/1-55238-110-2.html>
|
1637# the German armed forces at the Svalbard weather station code-named
1638# Haudegen did not surrender to the Allies until September 1945.
1639#
1640# All these events predate our cutoff date of 1970. Unless we can
1641# come up with more definitive info about the timekeeping during the
1642# war years it's probably best just do do the following for now:
1643Link Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen
1644Link Europe/Oslo Atlantic/Jan_Mayen
1645
1646# Poland
1647# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1648Rule Poland 1918 1919 - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
1649Rule Poland 1919 only - Apr 15 2:00s 1:00 S
1650# Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks.
1651Rule Poland 1944 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
1652# For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks.
1653Rule Poland 1945 only - Apr 29 0:00 1:00 S
1654Rule Poland 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
| 1693# the German armed forces at the Svalbard weather station code-named
1694# Haudegen did not surrender to the Allies until September 1945.
1695#
1696# All these events predate our cutoff date of 1970. Unless we can
1697# come up with more definitive info about the timekeeping during the
1698# war years it's probably best just do do the following for now:
1699Link Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen
1700Link Europe/Oslo Atlantic/Jan_Mayen
1701
1702# Poland
1703# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1704Rule Poland 1918 1919 - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
1705Rule Poland 1919 only - Apr 15 2:00s 1:00 S
1706# Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks.
1707Rule Poland 1944 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
1708# For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks.
1709Rule Poland 1945 only - Apr 29 0:00 1:00 S
1710Rule Poland 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
|
1655Rule Poland 1946 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 S
1656Rule Poland 1946 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 -
1657Rule Poland 1947 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 S
1658Rule Poland 1947 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
1659Rule Poland 1948 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 S
1660# Whitman also gives 1949 Apr 9 - 1949 Oct 1; go with Shanks.
| 1711# For 1946 on the source is Kazimierz Borkowski,
1712# Torun Center for Astronomy, Dept. of Radio Astronomy, Nicolaus Copernicus U.,
1713# <http://www.astro.uni.torun.pl/~kb/Artykuly/U-PA/Czas2.htm#tth_tAb1>
1714# Thanks to Przemyslaw Augustyniak (2005-05-28) for this reference.
1715# He also gives these further references:
1716# Mon Pol nr 13, poz 162 (1995) <http://www.abc.com.pl/serwis/mp/1995/0162.htm>
1717# Druk nr 2180 (2003) <http://www.senat.gov.pl/k5/dok/sejm/053/2180.pdf>
1718Rule Poland 1946 only - Apr 14 0:00s 1:00 S
1719Rule Poland 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 -
1720Rule Poland 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S
1721Rule Poland 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
1722Rule Poland 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S
1723Rule Poland 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S
|
1661Rule Poland 1957 only - Jun 2 1:00s 1:00 S
1662Rule Poland 1957 1958 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
1663Rule Poland 1958 only - Mar 30 1:00s 1:00 S
1664Rule Poland 1959 only - May 31 1:00s 1:00 S
1665Rule Poland 1959 1961 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00s 0 -
1666Rule Poland 1960 only - Apr 3 1:00s 1:00 S
| 1724Rule Poland 1957 only - Jun 2 1:00s 1:00 S
1725Rule Poland 1957 1958 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
1726Rule Poland 1958 only - Mar 30 1:00s 1:00 S
1727Rule Poland 1959 only - May 31 1:00s 1:00 S
1728Rule Poland 1959 1961 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00s 0 -
1729Rule Poland 1960 only - Apr 3 1:00s 1:00 S
|
1667Rule Poland 1961 1964 - May Sun>=25 1:00s 1:00 S
| 1730Rule Poland 1961 1964 - May lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
|
1668Rule Poland 1962 1964 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
1669# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1670Zone Europe/Warsaw 1:24:00 - LMT 1880
1671 1:24:00 - WMT 1915 Aug 5 # Warsaw Mean Time
1672 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Sep 16 3:00
1673 2:00 Poland EE%sT 1922 Jun
1674 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1940 Jun 23 2:00
1675 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct
| 1731Rule Poland 1962 1964 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
1732# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1733Zone Europe/Warsaw 1:24:00 - LMT 1880
1734 1:24:00 - WMT 1915 Aug 5 # Warsaw Mean Time
1735 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Sep 16 3:00
1736 2:00 Poland EE%sT 1922 Jun
1737 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1940 Jun 23 2:00
1738 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct
|
1676 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1977 Apr 3 1:00
1677 1:00 W-Eur CE%sT 1999
1678# IATA SSIM (1991/1996) gives EU rules, but the _The Warsaw Voice_
1679# <a href="http://www.warsawvoice.com.pl/v361/NewsInBrief.shtml">
1680# http://www.warsawvoice.com/pl/v361/NewsInBrief.shtml (1995-09-24)
1681# </a>
1682# says the autumn 1995 switch was at 02:00.
1683# Stick with W-Eur for now.
1684#
1685# From Marcin.Kasperski@softax.com.pl (1999-06-10):
1686# According to my colleagues someone recently decided, that Poland would
1687# follow European Union regulations, so - I think - the matter is not
1688# worth further discussion.
1689#
1690# From Paul Eggert (1999-06-10):
1691# Kasperski also writes that the government futzed with the rules in 1997
1692# or 1998 but he doesn't remember the details. Assume they switched to
1693# EU rules in 1999.
| 1739 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1977
1740 1:00 W-Eur CE%sT 1988
|
1694 1:00 EU CE%sT
1695
1696# Portugal
1697#
| 1741 1:00 EU CE%sT
1742
1743# Portugal
1744#
|
1698# From Rui Pedro Salgueiro <rps@inescca.inescc.pt> (1992-11-12):
| 1745# From Rui Pedro Salgueiro (1992-11-12):
|
1699# Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone
1700# (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC.
1701#
| 1746# Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone
1747# (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC.
1748#
|
1702# Martin Bruckmann <martin@ua.pt> (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve
| 1749# Martin Bruckmann (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve
|
1703# that Portugal is reverting to 0:00 by not moving its clocks this spring.
1704# The new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter.
1705#
1706# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-12):
1707# IATA SSIM (1991-09) reports several 1991-09 and 1992-09 transitions
1708# at 02:00u, not 01:00u. Assume that these are typos.
1709# IATA SSIM (1991/1992) reports that the Azores were at -1:00.
1710# IATA SSIM (1993-02) says +0:00; later issues (through 1996-09) say -1:00.
1711# Guess that the Azores changed to EU rules in 1992 (since that's when Portugal
1712# harmonized with the EU), and that they stayed +0:00 that winter.
1713#
1714# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1715# DSH writes that despite Decree 1,469 (1915), the change to the clocks was not
1716# done every year, depending on what Spain did, because of railroad schedules.
1717# Go with Shanks.
1718Rule Port 1916 only - Jun 17 23:00 1:00 S
1719# Whitman gives 1916 Oct 31; go with Shanks.
1720Rule Port 1916 only - Nov 1 1:00 0 -
1721Rule Port 1917 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S
1722Rule Port 1917 1921 - Oct 14 23:00s 0 -
1723Rule Port 1918 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
1724Rule Port 1919 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S
1725Rule Port 1920 only - Feb 29 23:00s 1:00 S
1726Rule Port 1921 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S
1727Rule Port 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S
1728Rule Port 1924 only - Oct 14 23:00s 0 -
1729Rule Port 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S
1730Rule Port 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
1731Rule Port 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S
1732Rule Port 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S
1733Rule Port 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S
1734Rule Port 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S
1735# Whitman gives 1931 Oct 8; go with Shanks.
1736Rule Port 1931 1932 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
1737Rule Port 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S
1738# Shanks gives 1934 Apr 4; go with Whitman.
1739Rule Port 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S
1740# Whitman gives 1934 Oct 5; go with Shanks.
1741Rule Port 1934 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
1742# Shanks gives 1935 Apr 30; go with Whitman.
1743Rule Port 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S
1744Rule Port 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S
1745# Whitman gives 1937 Apr 2; go with Shanks.
1746Rule Port 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S
1747Rule Port 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S
1748Rule Port 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
1749# Whitman gives 1939 Oct 7; go with Shanks.
1750Rule Port 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 -
1751Rule Port 1940 only - Feb 24 23:00s 1:00 S
1752# Shanks gives 1940 Oct 7; go with Whitman.
1753Rule Port 1940 1941 - Oct 5 23:00s 0 -
1754Rule Port 1941 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S
1755Rule Port 1942 1945 - Mar Sat>=8 23:00s 1:00 S
1756Rule Port 1942 only - Apr 25 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer
1757Rule Port 1942 only - Aug 15 22:00s 1:00 S
1758Rule Port 1942 1945 - Oct Sat>=24 23:00s 0 -
1759Rule Port 1943 only - Apr 17 22:00s 2:00 M
1760Rule Port 1943 1945 - Aug Sat>=25 22:00s 1:00 S
1761Rule Port 1944 1945 - Apr Sat>=21 22:00s 2:00 M
1762Rule Port 1946 only - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 S
1763Rule Port 1946 only - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
1764Rule Port 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
1765Rule Port 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
1766# Shanks says DST was observed in 1950; go with Whitman.
1767# Whitman gives Oct lastSun for 1952 on; go with Shanks.
1768Rule Port 1951 1965 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
1769Rule Port 1951 1965 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
1770Rule Port 1977 only - Mar 27 0:00s 1:00 S
1771Rule Port 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00s 0 -
1772Rule Port 1978 1979 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 S
1773Rule Port 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
1774Rule Port 1979 1982 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
1775Rule Port 1980 only - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S
1776Rule Port 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
1777Rule Port 1983 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
1778# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1779# Shanks says that the transition from LMT to WET occurred 1911-05-24;
1780# Willett says 1912-01-01. Go with Willett.
1781Zone Europe/Lisbon -0:36:32 - LMT 1884
1782 -0:36:32 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 # Lisbon Mean Time
1783 0:00 Port WE%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00
1784 1:00 - CET 1976 Sep 26 1:00
1785 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
1786 0:00 W-Eur WE%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s
1787 1:00 EU CE%sT 1996 Mar 31 1:00u
1788 0:00 EU WE%sT
1789Zone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada
1790 -1:54:32 - HMT 1911 May 24 # Horta Mean Time
1791 -2:00 Port AZO%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Azores Time
1792 -1:00 Port AZO%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
1793 -1:00 W-Eur AZO%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s
1794 0:00 EU WE%sT 1993 Mar 28 1:00u
1795 -1:00 EU AZO%sT
1796Zone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal
1797 -1:07:36 - FMT 1911 May 24 # Funchal Mean Time
1798 -1:00 Port MAD%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Madeira Time
1799 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
1800 0:00 EU WE%sT
1801
1802# Romania
1803#
1804# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-07):
1805# <a href="http://www.nineoclock.ro/POL/1778pol.html">
1806# Nine O'clock</a> (1998-10-23) reports that the switch occurred at
1807# 04:00 local time in fall 1998. For lack of better info,
1808# assume that Romania and Moldova switched to EU rules in 1997,
1809# the same year as Bulgaria.
1810#
1811# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1812Rule Romania 1932 only - May 21 0:00s 1:00 S
1813Rule Romania 1932 1939 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 -
1814Rule Romania 1933 1939 - Apr Sun>=2 0:00s 1:00 S
1815Rule Romania 1979 only - May 27 0:00 1:00 S
1816Rule Romania 1979 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1817Rule Romania 1980 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S
1818Rule Romania 1980 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
1819Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S
1820Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
1821# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1822Zone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct
1823 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
1824 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00s
1825 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991
1826 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1994
1827 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997
1828 2:00 EU EE%sT
1829
1830# Russia
1831
| 1750# that Portugal is reverting to 0:00 by not moving its clocks this spring.
1751# The new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter.
1752#
1753# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-12):
1754# IATA SSIM (1991-09) reports several 1991-09 and 1992-09 transitions
1755# at 02:00u, not 01:00u. Assume that these are typos.
1756# IATA SSIM (1991/1992) reports that the Azores were at -1:00.
1757# IATA SSIM (1993-02) says +0:00; later issues (through 1996-09) say -1:00.
1758# Guess that the Azores changed to EU rules in 1992 (since that's when Portugal
1759# harmonized with the EU), and that they stayed +0:00 that winter.
1760#
1761# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1762# DSH writes that despite Decree 1,469 (1915), the change to the clocks was not
1763# done every year, depending on what Spain did, because of railroad schedules.
1764# Go with Shanks.
1765Rule Port 1916 only - Jun 17 23:00 1:00 S
1766# Whitman gives 1916 Oct 31; go with Shanks.
1767Rule Port 1916 only - Nov 1 1:00 0 -
1768Rule Port 1917 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S
1769Rule Port 1917 1921 - Oct 14 23:00s 0 -
1770Rule Port 1918 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
1771Rule Port 1919 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S
1772Rule Port 1920 only - Feb 29 23:00s 1:00 S
1773Rule Port 1921 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S
1774Rule Port 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S
1775Rule Port 1924 only - Oct 14 23:00s 0 -
1776Rule Port 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S
1777Rule Port 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
1778Rule Port 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S
1779Rule Port 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S
1780Rule Port 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S
1781Rule Port 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S
1782# Whitman gives 1931 Oct 8; go with Shanks.
1783Rule Port 1931 1932 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
1784Rule Port 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S
1785# Shanks gives 1934 Apr 4; go with Whitman.
1786Rule Port 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S
1787# Whitman gives 1934 Oct 5; go with Shanks.
1788Rule Port 1934 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
1789# Shanks gives 1935 Apr 30; go with Whitman.
1790Rule Port 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S
1791Rule Port 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S
1792# Whitman gives 1937 Apr 2; go with Shanks.
1793Rule Port 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S
1794Rule Port 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S
1795Rule Port 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
1796# Whitman gives 1939 Oct 7; go with Shanks.
1797Rule Port 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 -
1798Rule Port 1940 only - Feb 24 23:00s 1:00 S
1799# Shanks gives 1940 Oct 7; go with Whitman.
1800Rule Port 1940 1941 - Oct 5 23:00s 0 -
1801Rule Port 1941 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S
1802Rule Port 1942 1945 - Mar Sat>=8 23:00s 1:00 S
1803Rule Port 1942 only - Apr 25 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer
1804Rule Port 1942 only - Aug 15 22:00s 1:00 S
1805Rule Port 1942 1945 - Oct Sat>=24 23:00s 0 -
1806Rule Port 1943 only - Apr 17 22:00s 2:00 M
1807Rule Port 1943 1945 - Aug Sat>=25 22:00s 1:00 S
1808Rule Port 1944 1945 - Apr Sat>=21 22:00s 2:00 M
1809Rule Port 1946 only - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 S
1810Rule Port 1946 only - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
1811Rule Port 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
1812Rule Port 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
1813# Shanks says DST was observed in 1950; go with Whitman.
1814# Whitman gives Oct lastSun for 1952 on; go with Shanks.
1815Rule Port 1951 1965 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
1816Rule Port 1951 1965 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
1817Rule Port 1977 only - Mar 27 0:00s 1:00 S
1818Rule Port 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00s 0 -
1819Rule Port 1978 1979 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 S
1820Rule Port 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 -
1821Rule Port 1979 1982 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
1822Rule Port 1980 only - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S
1823Rule Port 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
1824Rule Port 1983 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
1825# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1826# Shanks says that the transition from LMT to WET occurred 1911-05-24;
1827# Willett says 1912-01-01. Go with Willett.
1828Zone Europe/Lisbon -0:36:32 - LMT 1884
1829 -0:36:32 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 # Lisbon Mean Time
1830 0:00 Port WE%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00
1831 1:00 - CET 1976 Sep 26 1:00
1832 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
1833 0:00 W-Eur WE%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s
1834 1:00 EU CE%sT 1996 Mar 31 1:00u
1835 0:00 EU WE%sT
1836Zone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada
1837 -1:54:32 - HMT 1911 May 24 # Horta Mean Time
1838 -2:00 Port AZO%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Azores Time
1839 -1:00 Port AZO%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
1840 -1:00 W-Eur AZO%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s
1841 0:00 EU WE%sT 1993 Mar 28 1:00u
1842 -1:00 EU AZO%sT
1843Zone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal
1844 -1:07:36 - FMT 1911 May 24 # Funchal Mean Time
1845 -1:00 Port MAD%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Madeira Time
1846 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
1847 0:00 EU WE%sT
1848
1849# Romania
1850#
1851# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-07):
1852# <a href="http://www.nineoclock.ro/POL/1778pol.html">
1853# Nine O'clock</a> (1998-10-23) reports that the switch occurred at
1854# 04:00 local time in fall 1998. For lack of better info,
1855# assume that Romania and Moldova switched to EU rules in 1997,
1856# the same year as Bulgaria.
1857#
1858# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1859Rule Romania 1932 only - May 21 0:00s 1:00 S
1860Rule Romania 1932 1939 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 -
1861Rule Romania 1933 1939 - Apr Sun>=2 0:00s 1:00 S
1862Rule Romania 1979 only - May 27 0:00 1:00 S
1863Rule Romania 1979 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1864Rule Romania 1980 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S
1865Rule Romania 1980 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
1866Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S
1867Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
1868# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1869Zone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct
1870 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
1871 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00s
1872 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991
1873 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1994
1874 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997
1875 2:00 EU EE%sT
1876
1877# Russia
1878
|
1832# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-11-12):
| 1879# From Paul Eggert (1999-11-12):
|
1833# Except for Moscow after 1919-07-01, I invented the time zone abbreviations.
1834# Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991,
1835# are from Andrey A. Chernov. The rest is from Shanks, except we follow
1836# Chernov's report that 1992 DST transitions were Sat 23:00, not Sun 02:00s.
1837#
| 1880# Except for Moscow after 1919-07-01, I invented the time zone abbreviations.
1881# Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991,
1882# are from Andrey A. Chernov. The rest is from Shanks, except we follow
1883# Chernov's report that 1992 DST transitions were Sat 23:00, not Sun 02:00s.
1884#
|
1838# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski <S.A.Kuz@iae.nsk.su> (1994-06-29):
| 1885# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski (1994-06-29):
|
1839# But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow!
1840# I do not know why they have decided to make this change;
1841# as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching
1842# so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch.
1843#
| 1886# But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow!
1887# I do not know why they have decided to make this change;
1888# as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching
1889# so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch.
1890#
|
1844# From Andrey A. Chernov <ache@nagual.ru> (1996-10-04):
| 1891# From Andrey A. Chernov (1996-10-04):
|
1845# `MSK' and `MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with
1846# UNIX-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group)....
1847# The next step was the UUCP network, the Relcom predecessor
1848# (used mainly for mail), and MSK/MSD was actively used there.
1849#
| 1892# `MSK' and `MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with
1893# UNIX-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group)....
1894# The next step was the UUCP network, the Relcom predecessor
1895# (used mainly for mail), and MSK/MSD was actively used there.
1896#
|
1850# From Chris Carrier <72157.3334@CompuServe.COM> (1996-10-30):
| 1897# From Chris Carrier (1996-10-30):
|
1851# According to a friend of mine who rode the Trans-Siberian Railroad from
1852# Moscow to Irkutsk in 1995, public air and rail transport in Russia ...
1853# still follows Moscow time, no matter where in Russia it is located.
1854#
1855# For Grozny, Chechnya, we have the following story from
1856# John Daniszewski, "Scavengers in the Rubble", Los Angeles Times (2001-02-07):
1857# News--often false--is spread by word of mouth. A rumor that it was
1858# time to move the clocks back put this whole city out of sync with
1859# the rest of Russia for two weeks--even soldiers stationed here began
1860# enforcing curfew at the wrong time.
1861#
1862# From Gwillim Law (2001-06-05):
1863# There's considerable evidence that Sakhalin Island used to be in
1864# UTC+11, and has changed to UTC+10, in this decade. I start with the
1865# SSIM, which listed Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk in zone RU10 along with Magadan
1866# until February 1997, and then in RU9 with Khabarovsk and Vladivostok
1867# since September 1997.... Although the Kuril Islands are
1868# administratively part of Sakhalin oblast', they appear to have
1869# remained on UTC+11 along with Magadan.
1870#
1871# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1872#
1873# Kaliningradskaya oblast'.
1874Zone Europe/Kaliningrad 1:22:00 - LMT 1893 Apr
1875 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945
1876 2:00 Poland CE%sT 1946
1877 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1878 2:00 Russia EE%sT
1879#
1880# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
1881# Respublika Adygeya, Arkhangel'skaya oblast', Astrakhanskaya oblast',
1882# Belgorodskaya oblast', Bryanskaya oblast', Vladimirskaya oblast',
1883# Volgogradskaya oblast', Vologodskaya oblast', Voronezhskaya oblast',
1884# Respublika Dagestan, Ivanovskaya oblast', Respublika Ingushetiya,
1885# Kabarbino-Balkarskaya Respublika, Respublika Kalmykiya,
1886# Kalyzhskaya oblast', Respublika Karachaevo-Cherkessiya,
1887# Respublika Kareliya, Kirovskaya oblast', Respublika Komi,
1888# Kostromskaya oblast', Krasnodarskij kraj, Kurskaya oblast',
1889# Leningradskaya oblast', Lipetskaya oblast', Respublika Marij El,
1890# Respublika Mordoviya, Moskva, Moskovskaya oblast',
1891# Murmanskaya oblast', Nenetskij avtonomnyj okrug,
1892# Nizhegorodskaya oblast', Novgorodskaya oblast', Orlovskaya oblast',
1893# Penzenskaya oblast', Pskovskaya oblast', Rostovskaya oblast',
1894# Ryazanskaya oblast', Sankt-Peterburg, Saratovskaya oblast',
1895# Respublika Severnaya Osetiya, Smolenskaya oblast',
1896# Stavropol'skij kraj, Tambovskaya oblast', Respublika Tatarstan,
1897# Tverskaya oblast', Tyl'skaya oblast', Ul'yanovskaya oblast',
1898# Chechenskaya Respublika, Chuvashskaya oblast',
1899# Yaroslavskaya oblast'
1900Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:20 - LMT 1880
1901 2:30 - MMT 1916 Jul 3 # Moscow Mean Time
1902 2:30:48 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 2:00
1903 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1922 Oct
1904 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
1905 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1906 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1907 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD
1908#
1909# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
1910# Samarskaya oblast', Udmyrtskaya respublika
1911Zone Europe/Samara 3:20:36 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 2:00
1912 3:00 - KUYT 1930 Jun 21 # Kuybyshev
1913 4:00 Russia KUY%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
1914 3:00 Russia KUY%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1915 2:00 Russia KUY%sT 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1916 3:00 - KUYT 1991 Oct 20 3:00
1917 4:00 Russia SAM%sT # Samara Time
1918#
1919# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
1920# Respublika Bashkortostan, Komi-Permyatskij avtonomnyj okrug,
1921# Kurganskaya oblast', Orenburgskaya oblast', Permskaya oblast',
1922# Sverdlovskaya oblast', Tyumenskaya oblast',
1923# Khanty-Manskijskij avtonomnyj okrug, Chelyabinskaya oblast',
1924# Yamalo-Nenetskij avtonomnyj okrug.
1925Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:24 - LMT 1919 Jul 15 4:00
1926 4:00 - SVET 1930 Jun 21 # Sverdlovsk Time
1927 5:00 Russia SVE%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1928 4:00 Russia SVE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1929 5:00 Russia YEK%sT # Yekaterinburg Time
1930#
1931# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
1932# Respublika Altaj, Altajskij kraj, Omskaya oblast'.
1933Zone Asia/Omsk 4:53:36 - LMT 1919 Nov 14
1934 5:00 - OMST 1930 Jun 21 # Omsk TIme
1935 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1936 5:00 Russia OMS%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1937 6:00 Russia OMS%sT
1938#
1939# Novosibirskaya oblast'.
1940Zone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 14 6:00
1941 6:00 - NOVT 1930 Jun 21 # Novosibirsk Time
1942 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1943 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1944 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1993 May 23 # says Shanks
1945 6:00 Russia NOV%sT
1946#
1947# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
1948# Kemerovskaya oblast', Krasnoyarskij kraj,
1949# Tajmyrskij (Dolgano-Nenetskij) avtonomnyj okrug, Tomskaya oblast',
1950# Respublika Tuva, Respublika Khakasiya, Evenkijskij avtonomnyj okrug.
1951Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk 6:11:20 - LMT 1920 Jan 6
1952 6:00 - KRAT 1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time
1953 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1954 6:00 Russia KRA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1955 7:00 Russia KRA%sT
1956#
1957# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
1958# Respublika Buryatiya, Irkutskaya oblast',
1959# Ust'-Ordynskij Buryatskij avtonomnyj okrug.
1960Zone Asia/Irkutsk 6:57:20 - LMT 1880
1961 6:57:20 - IMT 1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time
1962 7:00 - IRKT 1930 Jun 21 # Irkutsk Time
1963 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1964 7:00 Russia IRK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1965 8:00 Russia IRK%sT
1966#
1967# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of]
1968# Aginskij Buryatskij avtonomnyj okrug, Amurskaya oblast',
1969# [parts of] Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya), Chitinskaya oblast'.
1970# The Sakha districts are: Aldanskij, Amginskij, Anabarskij,
1971# Bulunskij, Verkhnekolymskij, Verkhnevilyujskij, Vilyujskij, Gornyj,
1972# Zhiganskij, Kobyajskij, Lenskij, Megino-Kangalasskij, Mirninskij,
1973# Namskij, Nyurbinskij, Olenekskij, Olekminskij, Srednekolymskij,
1974# Suntarskij, Tattinskij, Ust'-Aldanskij, Khangalasskij,
1975# Churapchinskij, Eveno-Bytantajskij.
1976Zone Asia/Yakutsk 8:38:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 15
1977 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
1978 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1979 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1980 9:00 Russia YAK%sT
1981#
1982# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of]
1983# Evrejskaya avtonomnaya oblast', Khabarovskij kraj, Primorskij kraj,
1984# [parts of] Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya).
1985# The Sakha districts are: Verkhoyanskij, Tomponskij, Ust'-Majskij,
1986# Ust'-Yanskij.
1987Zone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:44 - LMT 1922 Nov 15
1988 9:00 - VLAT 1930 Jun 21 # Vladivostok Time
1989 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1990 9:00 Russia VLA%sST 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1991 10:00 Russia VLA%sT
1992#
1993# Sakhalinskaya oblast'.
1994# The Zone name should be Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, but that's too long.
1995Zone Asia/Sakhalin 9:30:48 - LMT 1905 Aug 23
1996 9:00 - CJT 1938
1997 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 25
1998 11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s # Sakhalin T.
1999 10:00 Russia SAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2000 11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1997 Mar lastSun 2:00s
2001 10:00 Russia SAK%sT
2002#
2003# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of]
2004# Magadanskaya oblast', Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya).
2005# Probably also: Kuril Islands.
2006# The Sakha districts are: Abyjskij, Allaikhovskij, Momskij,
2007# Nizhnekolymskij, Ojmyakonskij.
2008Zone Asia/Magadan 10:03:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
2009 10:00 - MAGT 1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time
2010 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2011 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2012 11:00 Russia MAG%sT
2013#
2014# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
2015# Kamchatskaya oblast', Koryakskij avtonomnyj okrug.
2016#
2017# The Zone name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski, but that's too long.
2018Zone Asia/Kamchatka 10:34:36 - LMT 1922 Nov 10
2019 11:00 - PETT 1930 Jun 21 # P-K Time
2020 12:00 Russia PET%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2021 11:00 Russia PET%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2022 12:00 Russia PET%sT
2023#
2024# Chukotskij avtonomnyj okrug
2025Zone Asia/Anadyr 11:49:56 - LMT 1924 May 2
2026 12:00 - ANAT 1930 Jun 21 # Anadyr Time
2027 13:00 Russia ANA%sT 1982 Apr 1 0:00s
2028 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2029 11:00 Russia ANA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2030 12:00 Russia ANA%sT
2031
2032# Serbia and Montenegro
2033# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2034Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884
2035 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
2036 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s
2037 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
| 1898# According to a friend of mine who rode the Trans-Siberian Railroad from
1899# Moscow to Irkutsk in 1995, public air and rail transport in Russia ...
1900# still follows Moscow time, no matter where in Russia it is located.
1901#
1902# For Grozny, Chechnya, we have the following story from
1903# John Daniszewski, "Scavengers in the Rubble", Los Angeles Times (2001-02-07):
1904# News--often false--is spread by word of mouth. A rumor that it was
1905# time to move the clocks back put this whole city out of sync with
1906# the rest of Russia for two weeks--even soldiers stationed here began
1907# enforcing curfew at the wrong time.
1908#
1909# From Gwillim Law (2001-06-05):
1910# There's considerable evidence that Sakhalin Island used to be in
1911# UTC+11, and has changed to UTC+10, in this decade. I start with the
1912# SSIM, which listed Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk in zone RU10 along with Magadan
1913# until February 1997, and then in RU9 with Khabarovsk and Vladivostok
1914# since September 1997.... Although the Kuril Islands are
1915# administratively part of Sakhalin oblast', they appear to have
1916# remained on UTC+11 along with Magadan.
1917#
1918# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1919#
1920# Kaliningradskaya oblast'.
1921Zone Europe/Kaliningrad 1:22:00 - LMT 1893 Apr
1922 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945
1923 2:00 Poland CE%sT 1946
1924 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1925 2:00 Russia EE%sT
1926#
1927# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
1928# Respublika Adygeya, Arkhangel'skaya oblast', Astrakhanskaya oblast',
1929# Belgorodskaya oblast', Bryanskaya oblast', Vladimirskaya oblast',
1930# Volgogradskaya oblast', Vologodskaya oblast', Voronezhskaya oblast',
1931# Respublika Dagestan, Ivanovskaya oblast', Respublika Ingushetiya,
1932# Kabarbino-Balkarskaya Respublika, Respublika Kalmykiya,
1933# Kalyzhskaya oblast', Respublika Karachaevo-Cherkessiya,
1934# Respublika Kareliya, Kirovskaya oblast', Respublika Komi,
1935# Kostromskaya oblast', Krasnodarskij kraj, Kurskaya oblast',
1936# Leningradskaya oblast', Lipetskaya oblast', Respublika Marij El,
1937# Respublika Mordoviya, Moskva, Moskovskaya oblast',
1938# Murmanskaya oblast', Nenetskij avtonomnyj okrug,
1939# Nizhegorodskaya oblast', Novgorodskaya oblast', Orlovskaya oblast',
1940# Penzenskaya oblast', Pskovskaya oblast', Rostovskaya oblast',
1941# Ryazanskaya oblast', Sankt-Peterburg, Saratovskaya oblast',
1942# Respublika Severnaya Osetiya, Smolenskaya oblast',
1943# Stavropol'skij kraj, Tambovskaya oblast', Respublika Tatarstan,
1944# Tverskaya oblast', Tyl'skaya oblast', Ul'yanovskaya oblast',
1945# Chechenskaya Respublika, Chuvashskaya oblast',
1946# Yaroslavskaya oblast'
1947Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:20 - LMT 1880
1948 2:30 - MMT 1916 Jul 3 # Moscow Mean Time
1949 2:30:48 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 2:00
1950 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1922 Oct
1951 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
1952 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1953 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1954 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD
1955#
1956# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
1957# Samarskaya oblast', Udmyrtskaya respublika
1958Zone Europe/Samara 3:20:36 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 2:00
1959 3:00 - KUYT 1930 Jun 21 # Kuybyshev
1960 4:00 Russia KUY%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
1961 3:00 Russia KUY%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1962 2:00 Russia KUY%sT 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1963 3:00 - KUYT 1991 Oct 20 3:00
1964 4:00 Russia SAM%sT # Samara Time
1965#
1966# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
1967# Respublika Bashkortostan, Komi-Permyatskij avtonomnyj okrug,
1968# Kurganskaya oblast', Orenburgskaya oblast', Permskaya oblast',
1969# Sverdlovskaya oblast', Tyumenskaya oblast',
1970# Khanty-Manskijskij avtonomnyj okrug, Chelyabinskaya oblast',
1971# Yamalo-Nenetskij avtonomnyj okrug.
1972Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:24 - LMT 1919 Jul 15 4:00
1973 4:00 - SVET 1930 Jun 21 # Sverdlovsk Time
1974 5:00 Russia SVE%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1975 4:00 Russia SVE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1976 5:00 Russia YEK%sT # Yekaterinburg Time
1977#
1978# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
1979# Respublika Altaj, Altajskij kraj, Omskaya oblast'.
1980Zone Asia/Omsk 4:53:36 - LMT 1919 Nov 14
1981 5:00 - OMST 1930 Jun 21 # Omsk TIme
1982 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1983 5:00 Russia OMS%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1984 6:00 Russia OMS%sT
1985#
1986# Novosibirskaya oblast'.
1987Zone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 14 6:00
1988 6:00 - NOVT 1930 Jun 21 # Novosibirsk Time
1989 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1990 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1991 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1993 May 23 # says Shanks
1992 6:00 Russia NOV%sT
1993#
1994# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
1995# Kemerovskaya oblast', Krasnoyarskij kraj,
1996# Tajmyrskij (Dolgano-Nenetskij) avtonomnyj okrug, Tomskaya oblast',
1997# Respublika Tuva, Respublika Khakasiya, Evenkijskij avtonomnyj okrug.
1998Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk 6:11:20 - LMT 1920 Jan 6
1999 6:00 - KRAT 1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time
2000 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2001 6:00 Russia KRA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2002 7:00 Russia KRA%sT
2003#
2004# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
2005# Respublika Buryatiya, Irkutskaya oblast',
2006# Ust'-Ordynskij Buryatskij avtonomnyj okrug.
2007Zone Asia/Irkutsk 6:57:20 - LMT 1880
2008 6:57:20 - IMT 1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time
2009 7:00 - IRKT 1930 Jun 21 # Irkutsk Time
2010 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2011 7:00 Russia IRK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2012 8:00 Russia IRK%sT
2013#
2014# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of]
2015# Aginskij Buryatskij avtonomnyj okrug, Amurskaya oblast',
2016# [parts of] Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya), Chitinskaya oblast'.
2017# The Sakha districts are: Aldanskij, Amginskij, Anabarskij,
2018# Bulunskij, Verkhnekolymskij, Verkhnevilyujskij, Vilyujskij, Gornyj,
2019# Zhiganskij, Kobyajskij, Lenskij, Megino-Kangalasskij, Mirninskij,
2020# Namskij, Nyurbinskij, Olenekskij, Olekminskij, Srednekolymskij,
2021# Suntarskij, Tattinskij, Ust'-Aldanskij, Khangalasskij,
2022# Churapchinskij, Eveno-Bytantajskij.
2023Zone Asia/Yakutsk 8:38:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 15
2024 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
2025 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2026 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2027 9:00 Russia YAK%sT
2028#
2029# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of]
2030# Evrejskaya avtonomnaya oblast', Khabarovskij kraj, Primorskij kraj,
2031# [parts of] Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya).
2032# The Sakha districts are: Verkhoyanskij, Tomponskij, Ust'-Majskij,
2033# Ust'-Yanskij.
2034Zone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:44 - LMT 1922 Nov 15
2035 9:00 - VLAT 1930 Jun 21 # Vladivostok Time
2036 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2037 9:00 Russia VLA%sST 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2038 10:00 Russia VLA%sT
2039#
2040# Sakhalinskaya oblast'.
2041# The Zone name should be Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, but that's too long.
2042Zone Asia/Sakhalin 9:30:48 - LMT 1905 Aug 23
2043 9:00 - CJT 1938
2044 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 25
2045 11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s # Sakhalin T.
2046 10:00 Russia SAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2047 11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1997 Mar lastSun 2:00s
2048 10:00 Russia SAK%sT
2049#
2050# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of]
2051# Magadanskaya oblast', Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya).
2052# Probably also: Kuril Islands.
2053# The Sakha districts are: Abyjskij, Allaikhovskij, Momskij,
2054# Nizhnekolymskij, Ojmyakonskij.
2055Zone Asia/Magadan 10:03:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
2056 10:00 - MAGT 1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time
2057 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2058 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2059 11:00 Russia MAG%sT
2060#
2061# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
2062# Kamchatskaya oblast', Koryakskij avtonomnyj okrug.
2063#
2064# The Zone name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski, but that's too long.
2065Zone Asia/Kamchatka 10:34:36 - LMT 1922 Nov 10
2066 11:00 - PETT 1930 Jun 21 # P-K Time
2067 12:00 Russia PET%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2068 11:00 Russia PET%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2069 12:00 Russia PET%sT
2070#
2071# Chukotskij avtonomnyj okrug
2072Zone Asia/Anadyr 11:49:56 - LMT 1924 May 2
2073 12:00 - ANAT 1930 Jun 21 # Anadyr Time
2074 13:00 Russia ANA%sT 1982 Apr 1 0:00s
2075 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2076 11:00 Russia ANA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
2077 12:00 Russia ANA%sT
2078
2079# Serbia and Montenegro
2080# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2081Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884
2082 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
2083 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s
2084 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
|
2038# Metod Kozelj <metod.kozelj@rzs-hm.si> reports that the legal date of
| 2085# Metod Kozelj reports that the legal date of
|
2039# transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time.
2040# Shanks doesn't give as much detail, so go with Kozelj.
2041 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27
2042 1:00 EU CE%sT
2043Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana # Slovenia
2044Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Sarajevo # Bosnia and Herzegovina
2045Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Skopje # Macedonia
2046Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Zagreb # Croatia
2047
2048# Slovakia
2049Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava
2050
2051# Slovenia
2052# see Serbia and Montenegro
2053
2054# Spain
2055# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2056# For 1917-1919 Whitman gives Apr Sat>=1 - Oct Sat>=1; go with Shanks.
2057Rule Spain 1917 only - May 5 23:00s 1:00 S
2058Rule Spain 1917 1919 - Oct 6 23:00s 0 -
2059Rule Spain 1918 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
2060Rule Spain 1919 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S
2061# Whitman gives 1921 Feb 28 - Oct 14; go with Shanks.
2062Rule Spain 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S
2063# Whitman gives 1924 Oct 14; go with Shanks.
2064Rule Spain 1924 only - Oct 4 23:00s 0 -
2065Rule Spain 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S
2066# Whitman says no DST in 1929; go with Shanks.
2067Rule Spain 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
2068Rule Spain 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S
2069Rule Spain 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S
2070Rule Spain 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S
2071# Whitman gives 1937 Jun 16, 1938 Apr 16, 1940 Apr 13; go with Shanks.
2072Rule Spain 1937 only - May 22 23:00s 1:00 S
2073Rule Spain 1937 1939 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
2074Rule Spain 1938 only - Mar 22 23:00s 1:00 S
2075Rule Spain 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
2076Rule Spain 1940 only - Mar 16 23:00s 1:00 S
2077# Whitman says no DST 1942-1945; go with Shanks.
2078Rule Spain 1942 only - May 2 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer
2079Rule Spain 1942 only - Sep 1 22:00s 1:00 S
2080Rule Spain 1943 1946 - Apr Sat>=13 22:00s 2:00 M
2081Rule Spain 1943 only - Oct 3 22:00s 1:00 S
2082Rule Spain 1944 only - Oct 10 22:00s 1:00 S
2083Rule Spain 1945 only - Sep 30 1:00 1:00 S
2084Rule Spain 1946 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
2085Rule Spain 1949 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S
2086Rule Spain 1949 only - Sep 30 1:00 0 -
2087Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Apr Sat>=13 23:00 1:00 S
2088Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 -
2089Rule Spain 1976 only - Mar 27 23:00 1:00 S
2090Rule Spain 1976 1977 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
2091Rule Spain 1977 1978 - Apr 2 23:00 1:00 S
2092Rule Spain 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
2093# The following rules are copied from Morocco from 1967 through 1978.
2094Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S
2095Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2096Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S
2097Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
2098Rule SpainAfrica 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
2099Rule SpainAfrica 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 -
2100Rule SpainAfrica 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
2101Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
2102Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 -
2103# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2104Zone Europe/Madrid -0:14:44 - LMT 1901
2105 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1946 Sep 30
2106 1:00 Spain CE%sT 1979
2107 1:00 EU CE%sT
2108Zone Africa/Ceuta -0:21:16 - LMT 1901
2109 0:00 - WET 1918 May 6 23:00
2110 0:00 1:00 WEST 1918 Oct 7 23:00
2111 0:00 - WET 1924
2112 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1929
2113 0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT 1984 Mar 16
2114 1:00 - CET 1986
2115 1:00 EU CE%sT
2116Zone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C.
2117 -1:00 - CANT 1946 Sep 30 1:00 # Canaries Time
2118 0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s
2119 0:00 1:00 WEST 1980 Sep 28 0:00s
2120 0:00 EU WE%sT
2121# IATA SSIM (1996-09) says the Canaries switch at 2:00u, not 1:00u.
2122# Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU.
2123
2124# Sweden
2125
2126# From Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13), superseding Shanks:
2127#
2128# The law "Svensk forfattningssamling 1878, no 14" about standard time in 1879:
2129# From the beginning of 1879 (that is 01-01 00:00) the time for all
2130# places in the country is "the mean solar time for the meridian at
2131# three degrees, or twelve minutes of time, to the west of the
2132# meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated 1878-05-31.
2133#
2134# The observatory at that time had the meridian 18 degrees 03' 30"
2135# eastern longitude = 01:12:14 in time. Less 12 minutes gives the
2136# national standard time as 01:00:14 ahead of GMT....
2137#
2138# About the beginning of CET in Sweden. The lawtext ("Svensk
2139# forfattningssamling 1899, no 44") states, that "from the beginning
2140# of 1900... ... the same as the mean solar time for the meridian at
2141# the distance of one hour of time from the meridian of the English
2142# observatory at Greenwich, or at 12 minutes 14 seconds to the west
2143# from the meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated
2144# 1899-06-16. In short: At 1900-01-01 00:00:00 the new standard time
2145# in Sweden is 01:00:00 ahead of GMT.
2146#
2147# 1916: The lawtext ("Svensk forfattningssamling 1916, no 124") states
2148# that "1916-05-15 is considered to begin one hour earlier". It is
2149# pretty obvious that at 05-14 23:00 the clocks are set to 05-15 00:00....
2150# Further the law says, that "1916-09-30 is considered to end one hour later".
2151#
2152# The laws regulating [DST] are available on the site of the Swedish
2153# Parliament beginning with 1985 - the laws regulating 1980/1984 are
2154# not available on the site (to my knowledge they are only available
2155# in Swedish): <http://www.riksdagen.se/english/work/sfst.asp> (type
2156# "sommartid" without the quotes in the field "Fritext" and then click
2157# the Sok-button).
2158#
2159# (2001-05-13):
2160#
2161# I have now found a newspaper stating that at 1916-10-01 01:00
2162# summertime the church-clocks etc were set back one hour to show
2163# 1916-10-01 00:00 standard time. The article also reports that some
2164# people thought the switch to standard time would take place already
2165# at 1916-10-01 00:00 summer time, but they had to wait for another
2166# hour before the event took place.
2167#
2168# Source: The newspaper "Dagens Nyheter", 1916-10-01, page 7 upper left.
2169
2170# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2171Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1879 Jan 1
2172 1:00:14 - SET 1900 Jan 1 # Swedish Time
2173 1:00 - CET 1916 May 14 23:00
2174 1:00 1:00 CEST 1916 Oct 1 01:00
2175 1:00 - CET 1980
2176 1:00 EU CE%sT
2177
2178# Switzerland
2179# From Howse:
2180# By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace
2181# and their performance improved enormously. Communities began to keep
2182# mean time in preference to apparent time -- Geneva from 1780 ....
2183# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2184# From Whitman (who writes ``Midnight?''):
2185Rule Swiss 1940 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S
2186Rule Swiss 1940 only - Dec 31 0:00 0 -
2187# From Shanks:
2188Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
2189Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
2190# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2191Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1848 Sep 12
2192 0:29:44 - BMT 1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time
2193 1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981
2194 1:00 EU CE%sT
2195
2196# Turkey
2197# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2198Rule Turkey 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
2199Rule Turkey 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2200Rule Turkey 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S
2201Rule Turkey 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 -
2202Rule Turkey 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
2203Rule Turkey 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
2204Rule Turkey 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
2205Rule Turkey 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
2206# Whitman gives 1923 Apr 28 - Sep 16 and no DST in 1924-1925; go with Shanks.
2207Rule Turkey 1924 only - May 13 0:00 1:00 S
2208Rule Turkey 1924 1925 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2209Rule Turkey 1925 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
2210Rule Turkey 1940 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 S
2211Rule Turkey 1940 only - Oct 5 0:00 0 -
2212Rule Turkey 1940 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S
2213Rule Turkey 1941 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
2214Rule Turkey 1942 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
2215# Whitman omits the next two transition and gives 1945 Oct 1; go with Shanks.
2216Rule Turkey 1942 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
2217Rule Turkey 1945 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 S
2218Rule Turkey 1945 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
2219Rule Turkey 1946 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
2220Rule Turkey 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2221Rule Turkey 1947 1948 - Apr Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
2222Rule Turkey 1947 1950 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 -
2223Rule Turkey 1949 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S
2224Rule Turkey 1950 only - Apr 19 0:00 1:00 S
2225Rule Turkey 1951 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S
2226Rule Turkey 1951 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
2227Rule Turkey 1962 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S
2228Rule Turkey 1962 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
2229Rule Turkey 1964 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
2230Rule Turkey 1964 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2231Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - May Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 S
2232Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 -
2233Rule Turkey 1973 only - Jun 3 1:00 1:00 S
2234Rule Turkey 1973 only - Nov 4 3:00 0 -
2235Rule Turkey 1974 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
2236Rule Turkey 1974 only - Nov 3 5:00 0 -
2237Rule Turkey 1975 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S
2238Rule Turkey 1975 1976 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
2239Rule Turkey 1976 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
2240Rule Turkey 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
2241Rule Turkey 1977 only - Oct 16 0:00 0 -
2242Rule Turkey 1979 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 3:00 1:00 S
2243Rule Turkey 1979 1982 - Oct Mon>=11 0:00 0 -
2244Rule Turkey 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 3:00 1:00 S
2245Rule Turkey 1983 only - Jul 31 0:00 1:00 S
2246Rule Turkey 1983 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
2247Rule Turkey 1985 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 S
2248Rule Turkey 1985 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
2249# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2250Zone Europe/Istanbul 1:55:52 - LMT 1880
2251 1:56:56 - IMT 1910 Oct # Istanbul Mean Time?
2252 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1978 Oct 15
2253 3:00 Turkey TR%sT 1985 Apr 20 # Turkey Time
2254 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1986
2255 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991
2256 2:00 EU EE%sT
2257Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents.
2258
2259# Ukraine
2260#
2261# From Igor Karpov, who works for the Ukranian Ministry of Justice,
2262# via Garrett Wollman (2003-01-27):
2263# BTW, I've found the official document on this matter. It's goverment
2264# regulations number 509, May 13, 1996. In my poor translation it says:
2265# "Time in Ukraine is set to second timezone (Kiev time). Each last Sunday
2266# of March at 3am the time is changing to 4am and each last Sunday of
2267# October the time at 4am is changing to 3am"
2268
2269# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2270# Most of Ukraine since 1970 has been like Kiev.
2271Zone Europe/Kiev 2:02:04 - LMT 1880
2272 2:02:04 - KMT 1924 May 2 # Kiev Mean Time
2273 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
2274 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 20
2275 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Nov 6
2276 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
2277 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00
2278 2:00 - EET 1992
2279 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995
2280 2:00 EU EE%sT
2281# Ruthenia used CET 1990/1991.
2282Zone Europe/Uzhgorod 1:29:12 - LMT 1890 Oct
2283 1:00 - CET 1940
2284 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct
2285 1:00 1:00 CEST 1944 Oct 26
2286 1:00 - CET 1945 Jun 29
2287 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
2288 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00
2289 1:00 - CET 1991 Mar 31 3:00
2290 2:00 - EET 1992
2291 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995
2292 2:00 EU EE%sT
2293# Zaporozh'ye and eastern Lugansk oblasts observed DST 1990/1991.
2294# Zaporozh'ye has an apostrophe, but Posix file names can't have apostrophes.
2295Zone Europe/Zaporozhye 2:20:40 - LMT 1880
2296 2:20 - CUT 1924 May 2 # Central Ukraine T
2297 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
2298 3:00 - MSK 1941 Aug 25
2299 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Oct 25
2300 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00
2301 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995
2302 2:00 EU EE%sT
2303# Central Crimea used Moscow time 1994/1997.
2304Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880
2305 2:16 - SMT 1924 May 2 # Simferopol Mean T
2306 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
2307 3:00 - MSK 1941 Nov
2308 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Apr 13
2309 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
2310 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00
2311 2:00 - EET 1992
| 2086# transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time.
2087# Shanks doesn't give as much detail, so go with Kozelj.
2088 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27
2089 1:00 EU CE%sT
2090Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana # Slovenia
2091Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Sarajevo # Bosnia and Herzegovina
2092Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Skopje # Macedonia
2093Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Zagreb # Croatia
2094
2095# Slovakia
2096Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava
2097
2098# Slovenia
2099# see Serbia and Montenegro
2100
2101# Spain
2102# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2103# For 1917-1919 Whitman gives Apr Sat>=1 - Oct Sat>=1; go with Shanks.
2104Rule Spain 1917 only - May 5 23:00s 1:00 S
2105Rule Spain 1917 1919 - Oct 6 23:00s 0 -
2106Rule Spain 1918 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
2107Rule Spain 1919 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S
2108# Whitman gives 1921 Feb 28 - Oct 14; go with Shanks.
2109Rule Spain 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S
2110# Whitman gives 1924 Oct 14; go with Shanks.
2111Rule Spain 1924 only - Oct 4 23:00s 0 -
2112Rule Spain 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S
2113# Whitman says no DST in 1929; go with Shanks.
2114Rule Spain 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
2115Rule Spain 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S
2116Rule Spain 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S
2117Rule Spain 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S
2118# Whitman gives 1937 Jun 16, 1938 Apr 16, 1940 Apr 13; go with Shanks.
2119Rule Spain 1937 only - May 22 23:00s 1:00 S
2120Rule Spain 1937 1939 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 -
2121Rule Spain 1938 only - Mar 22 23:00s 1:00 S
2122Rule Spain 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
2123Rule Spain 1940 only - Mar 16 23:00s 1:00 S
2124# Whitman says no DST 1942-1945; go with Shanks.
2125Rule Spain 1942 only - May 2 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer
2126Rule Spain 1942 only - Sep 1 22:00s 1:00 S
2127Rule Spain 1943 1946 - Apr Sat>=13 22:00s 2:00 M
2128Rule Spain 1943 only - Oct 3 22:00s 1:00 S
2129Rule Spain 1944 only - Oct 10 22:00s 1:00 S
2130Rule Spain 1945 only - Sep 30 1:00 1:00 S
2131Rule Spain 1946 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
2132Rule Spain 1949 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S
2133Rule Spain 1949 only - Sep 30 1:00 0 -
2134Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Apr Sat>=13 23:00 1:00 S
2135Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 -
2136Rule Spain 1976 only - Mar 27 23:00 1:00 S
2137Rule Spain 1976 1977 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
2138Rule Spain 1977 1978 - Apr 2 23:00 1:00 S
2139Rule Spain 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
2140# The following rules are copied from Morocco from 1967 through 1978.
2141Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S
2142Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2143Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S
2144Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 -
2145Rule SpainAfrica 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
2146Rule SpainAfrica 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 -
2147Rule SpainAfrica 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
2148Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
2149Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 -
2150# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2151Zone Europe/Madrid -0:14:44 - LMT 1901
2152 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1946 Sep 30
2153 1:00 Spain CE%sT 1979
2154 1:00 EU CE%sT
2155Zone Africa/Ceuta -0:21:16 - LMT 1901
2156 0:00 - WET 1918 May 6 23:00
2157 0:00 1:00 WEST 1918 Oct 7 23:00
2158 0:00 - WET 1924
2159 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1929
2160 0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT 1984 Mar 16
2161 1:00 - CET 1986
2162 1:00 EU CE%sT
2163Zone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C.
2164 -1:00 - CANT 1946 Sep 30 1:00 # Canaries Time
2165 0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s
2166 0:00 1:00 WEST 1980 Sep 28 0:00s
2167 0:00 EU WE%sT
2168# IATA SSIM (1996-09) says the Canaries switch at 2:00u, not 1:00u.
2169# Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU.
2170
2171# Sweden
2172
2173# From Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13), superseding Shanks:
2174#
2175# The law "Svensk forfattningssamling 1878, no 14" about standard time in 1879:
2176# From the beginning of 1879 (that is 01-01 00:00) the time for all
2177# places in the country is "the mean solar time for the meridian at
2178# three degrees, or twelve minutes of time, to the west of the
2179# meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated 1878-05-31.
2180#
2181# The observatory at that time had the meridian 18 degrees 03' 30"
2182# eastern longitude = 01:12:14 in time. Less 12 minutes gives the
2183# national standard time as 01:00:14 ahead of GMT....
2184#
2185# About the beginning of CET in Sweden. The lawtext ("Svensk
2186# forfattningssamling 1899, no 44") states, that "from the beginning
2187# of 1900... ... the same as the mean solar time for the meridian at
2188# the distance of one hour of time from the meridian of the English
2189# observatory at Greenwich, or at 12 minutes 14 seconds to the west
2190# from the meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated
2191# 1899-06-16. In short: At 1900-01-01 00:00:00 the new standard time
2192# in Sweden is 01:00:00 ahead of GMT.
2193#
2194# 1916: The lawtext ("Svensk forfattningssamling 1916, no 124") states
2195# that "1916-05-15 is considered to begin one hour earlier". It is
2196# pretty obvious that at 05-14 23:00 the clocks are set to 05-15 00:00....
2197# Further the law says, that "1916-09-30 is considered to end one hour later".
2198#
2199# The laws regulating [DST] are available on the site of the Swedish
2200# Parliament beginning with 1985 - the laws regulating 1980/1984 are
2201# not available on the site (to my knowledge they are only available
2202# in Swedish): <http://www.riksdagen.se/english/work/sfst.asp> (type
2203# "sommartid" without the quotes in the field "Fritext" and then click
2204# the Sok-button).
2205#
2206# (2001-05-13):
2207#
2208# I have now found a newspaper stating that at 1916-10-01 01:00
2209# summertime the church-clocks etc were set back one hour to show
2210# 1916-10-01 00:00 standard time. The article also reports that some
2211# people thought the switch to standard time would take place already
2212# at 1916-10-01 00:00 summer time, but they had to wait for another
2213# hour before the event took place.
2214#
2215# Source: The newspaper "Dagens Nyheter", 1916-10-01, page 7 upper left.
2216
2217# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2218Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1879 Jan 1
2219 1:00:14 - SET 1900 Jan 1 # Swedish Time
2220 1:00 - CET 1916 May 14 23:00
2221 1:00 1:00 CEST 1916 Oct 1 01:00
2222 1:00 - CET 1980
2223 1:00 EU CE%sT
2224
2225# Switzerland
2226# From Howse:
2227# By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace
2228# and their performance improved enormously. Communities began to keep
2229# mean time in preference to apparent time -- Geneva from 1780 ....
2230# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2231# From Whitman (who writes ``Midnight?''):
2232Rule Swiss 1940 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S
2233Rule Swiss 1940 only - Dec 31 0:00 0 -
2234# From Shanks:
2235Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
2236Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
2237# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2238Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1848 Sep 12
2239 0:29:44 - BMT 1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time
2240 1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981
2241 1:00 EU CE%sT
2242
2243# Turkey
2244# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2245Rule Turkey 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
2246Rule Turkey 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2247Rule Turkey 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S
2248Rule Turkey 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 -
2249Rule Turkey 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
2250Rule Turkey 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
2251Rule Turkey 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
2252Rule Turkey 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
2253# Whitman gives 1923 Apr 28 - Sep 16 and no DST in 1924-1925; go with Shanks.
2254Rule Turkey 1924 only - May 13 0:00 1:00 S
2255Rule Turkey 1924 1925 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2256Rule Turkey 1925 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
2257Rule Turkey 1940 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 S
2258Rule Turkey 1940 only - Oct 5 0:00 0 -
2259Rule Turkey 1940 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S
2260Rule Turkey 1941 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 -
2261Rule Turkey 1942 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
2262# Whitman omits the next two transition and gives 1945 Oct 1; go with Shanks.
2263Rule Turkey 1942 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
2264Rule Turkey 1945 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 S
2265Rule Turkey 1945 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
2266Rule Turkey 1946 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
2267Rule Turkey 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2268Rule Turkey 1947 1948 - Apr Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
2269Rule Turkey 1947 1950 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 -
2270Rule Turkey 1949 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S
2271Rule Turkey 1950 only - Apr 19 0:00 1:00 S
2272Rule Turkey 1951 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S
2273Rule Turkey 1951 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
2274Rule Turkey 1962 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S
2275Rule Turkey 1962 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
2276Rule Turkey 1964 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
2277Rule Turkey 1964 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
2278Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - May Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 S
2279Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 -
2280Rule Turkey 1973 only - Jun 3 1:00 1:00 S
2281Rule Turkey 1973 only - Nov 4 3:00 0 -
2282Rule Turkey 1974 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S
2283Rule Turkey 1974 only - Nov 3 5:00 0 -
2284Rule Turkey 1975 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S
2285Rule Turkey 1975 1976 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
2286Rule Turkey 1976 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
2287Rule Turkey 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
2288Rule Turkey 1977 only - Oct 16 0:00 0 -
2289Rule Turkey 1979 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 3:00 1:00 S
2290Rule Turkey 1979 1982 - Oct Mon>=11 0:00 0 -
2291Rule Turkey 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 3:00 1:00 S
2292Rule Turkey 1983 only - Jul 31 0:00 1:00 S
2293Rule Turkey 1983 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
2294Rule Turkey 1985 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 S
2295Rule Turkey 1985 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
2296# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2297Zone Europe/Istanbul 1:55:52 - LMT 1880
2298 1:56:56 - IMT 1910 Oct # Istanbul Mean Time?
2299 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1978 Oct 15
2300 3:00 Turkey TR%sT 1985 Apr 20 # Turkey Time
2301 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1986
2302 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991
2303 2:00 EU EE%sT
2304Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents.
2305
2306# Ukraine
2307#
2308# From Igor Karpov, who works for the Ukranian Ministry of Justice,
2309# via Garrett Wollman (2003-01-27):
2310# BTW, I've found the official document on this matter. It's goverment
2311# regulations number 509, May 13, 1996. In my poor translation it says:
2312# "Time in Ukraine is set to second timezone (Kiev time). Each last Sunday
2313# of March at 3am the time is changing to 4am and each last Sunday of
2314# October the time at 4am is changing to 3am"
2315
2316# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2317# Most of Ukraine since 1970 has been like Kiev.
2318Zone Europe/Kiev 2:02:04 - LMT 1880
2319 2:02:04 - KMT 1924 May 2 # Kiev Mean Time
2320 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
2321 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 20
2322 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Nov 6
2323 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
2324 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00
2325 2:00 - EET 1992
2326 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995
2327 2:00 EU EE%sT
2328# Ruthenia used CET 1990/1991.
2329Zone Europe/Uzhgorod 1:29:12 - LMT 1890 Oct
2330 1:00 - CET 1940
2331 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct
2332 1:00 1:00 CEST 1944 Oct 26
2333 1:00 - CET 1945 Jun 29
2334 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
2335 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00
2336 1:00 - CET 1991 Mar 31 3:00
2337 2:00 - EET 1992
2338 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995
2339 2:00 EU EE%sT
2340# Zaporozh'ye and eastern Lugansk oblasts observed DST 1990/1991.
2341# Zaporozh'ye has an apostrophe, but Posix file names can't have apostrophes.
2342Zone Europe/Zaporozhye 2:20:40 - LMT 1880
2343 2:20 - CUT 1924 May 2 # Central Ukraine T
2344 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
2345 3:00 - MSK 1941 Aug 25
2346 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Oct 25
2347 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00
2348 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995
2349 2:00 EU EE%sT
2350# Central Crimea used Moscow time 1994/1997.
2351Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880
2352 2:16 - SMT 1924 May 2 # Simferopol Mean T
2353 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
2354 3:00 - MSK 1941 Nov
2355 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Apr 13
2356 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
2357 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00
2358 2:00 - EET 1992
|
2312# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-11-12):
| 2359# From Paul Eggert (1999-11-12):
|
2313# The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that central Crimea switched
2314# from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections.
2315# Shanks says ``date of change uncertain'', but implies that it happened
2316# sometime between the 1994 DST switches. For now, guess it changed in May.
2317 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1994 May
2318# From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev.
2319 3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 Mar 31 3:00s
2320 3:00 1:00 MSD 1996 Oct 27 3:00s
2321# IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST.
2322# Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks.
2323 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1997
2324 3:00 - MSK 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u
2325 2:00 EU EE%sT
2326
2327###############################################################################
2328
2329# One source shows that Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, and Greece observe DST from
2330# the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in September in 1986.
2331# The source shows Romania changing a day later than everybody else.
2332#
2333# According to Bernard Sieloff's source, Poland is in the MET time zone but
2334# uses the WE DST rules. The Western USSR uses EET+1 and ME DST rules.
2335# Bernard Sieloff's source claims Romania switches on the same day, but at
2336# 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST). It also claims that Turkey
2337# switches on the same day, but switches on at 01:00 standard time
2338# and off at 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST)
2339
2340# ...
2341# Date: Wed, 28 Jan 87 16:56:27 -0100
| 2360# The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that central Crimea switched
2361# from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections.
2362# Shanks says ``date of change uncertain'', but implies that it happened
2363# sometime between the 1994 DST switches. For now, guess it changed in May.
2364 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1994 May
2365# From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev.
2366 3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 Mar 31 3:00s
2367 3:00 1:00 MSD 1996 Oct 27 3:00s
2368# IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST.
2369# Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks.
2370 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1997
2371 3:00 - MSK 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u
2372 2:00 EU EE%sT
2373
2374###############################################################################
2375
2376# One source shows that Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, and Greece observe DST from
2377# the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in September in 1986.
2378# The source shows Romania changing a day later than everybody else.
2379#
2380# According to Bernard Sieloff's source, Poland is in the MET time zone but
2381# uses the WE DST rules. The Western USSR uses EET+1 and ME DST rules.
2382# Bernard Sieloff's source claims Romania switches on the same day, but at
2383# 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST). It also claims that Turkey
2384# switches on the same day, but switches on at 01:00 standard time
2385# and off at 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST)
2386
2387# ...
2388# Date: Wed, 28 Jan 87 16:56:27 -0100
|
2342# From: seismo!mcvax!cgcha!wtho (Tom Hofmann)
2343# Message-Id: <8701281556.AA22174@cgcha.uucp>
| 2389# From: Tom Hofmann
|
2344# ...
2345#
2346# ...the European time rules are...standardized since 1981, when
2347# most European coun[tr]ies started DST. Before that year, only
2348# a few countries (UK, France, Italy) had DST, each according
2349# to own national rules. In 1981, however, DST started on
2350# 'Apr firstSun', and not on 'Mar lastSun' as in the following
2351# years...
2352# But also since 1981 there are some more national exceptions
2353# than listed in 'europe': Switzerland, for example, joined DST
2354# one year later, Denmark ended DST on 'Oct 1' instead of 'Sep
2355# lastSun' in 1981---I don't know how they handle now.
2356#
2357# Finally, DST ist always from 'Apr 1' to 'Oct 1' in the
2358# Soviet Union (as far as I know).
2359#
2360# Tom Hofmann, Scientific Computer Center, CIBA-GEIGY AG,
2361# 4002 Basle, Switzerland
| 2390# ...
2391#
2392# ...the European time rules are...standardized since 1981, when
2393# most European coun[tr]ies started DST. Before that year, only
2394# a few countries (UK, France, Italy) had DST, each according
2395# to own national rules. In 1981, however, DST started on
2396# 'Apr firstSun', and not on 'Mar lastSun' as in the following
2397# years...
2398# But also since 1981 there are some more national exceptions
2399# than listed in 'europe': Switzerland, for example, joined DST
2400# one year later, Denmark ended DST on 'Oct 1' instead of 'Sep
2401# lastSun' in 1981---I don't know how they handle now.
2402#
2403# Finally, DST ist always from 'Apr 1' to 'Oct 1' in the
2404# Soviet Union (as far as I know).
2405#
2406# Tom Hofmann, Scientific Computer Center, CIBA-GEIGY AG,
2407# 4002 Basle, Switzerland
|
2362# UUCP: ...!mcvax!cernvax!cgcha!wtho
| 2408# ...
|
2363
2364# ...
2365# Date: Wed, 4 Feb 87 22:35:22 +0100
| 2409
2410# ...
2411# Date: Wed, 4 Feb 87 22:35:22 +0100
|
2366# From: seismo!mcvax!cwi.nl!dik (Dik T. Winter)
| 2412# From: Dik T. Winter
|
2367# ...
2368#
2369# The information from Tom Hofmann is (as far as I know) not entirely correct.
2370# After a request from chongo at amdahl I tried to retrieve all information
2371# about DST in Europe. I was able to find all from about 1969.
2372#
2373# ...standardization on DST in Europe started in about 1977 with switches on
2374# first Sunday in April and last Sunday in September...
2375# In 1981 UK joined Europe insofar that
2376# the starting day for both shifted to last Sunday in March. And from 1982
2377# the whole of Europe used DST, with switch dates April 1 and October 1 in
2378# the Sov[i]et Union. In 1985 the SU reverted to standard Europe[a]n switch
2379# dates...
2380#
2381# It should also be remembered that time-zones are not constants; e.g.
2382# Portugal switched in 1976 from MET (or CET) to WET with DST...
2383# Note also that though there were rules for switch dates not
2384# all countries abided to these dates, and many individual deviations
2385# occurred, though not since 1982 I believe. Another note: it is always
2386# assumed that DST is 1 hour ahead of normal time, this need not be the
2387# case; at least in the Netherlands there have been times when DST was 2 hours
2388# in advance of normal time.
2389#
2390# ...
2391# dik t. winter, cwi, amsterdam, nederland
| 2413# ...
2414#
2415# The information from Tom Hofmann is (as far as I know) not entirely correct.
2416# After a request from chongo at amdahl I tried to retrieve all information
2417# about DST in Europe. I was able to find all from about 1969.
2418#
2419# ...standardization on DST in Europe started in about 1977 with switches on
2420# first Sunday in April and last Sunday in September...
2421# In 1981 UK joined Europe insofar that
2422# the starting day for both shifted to last Sunday in March. And from 1982
2423# the whole of Europe used DST, with switch dates April 1 and October 1 in
2424# the Sov[i]et Union. In 1985 the SU reverted to standard Europe[a]n switch
2425# dates...
2426#
2427# It should also be remembered that time-zones are not constants; e.g.
2428# Portugal switched in 1976 from MET (or CET) to WET with DST...
2429# Note also that though there were rules for switch dates not
2430# all countries abided to these dates, and many individual deviations
2431# occurred, though not since 1982 I believe. Another note: it is always
2432# assumed that DST is 1 hour ahead of normal time, this need not be the
2433# case; at least in the Netherlands there have been times when DST was 2 hours
2434# in advance of normal time.
2435#
2436# ...
2437# dik t. winter, cwi, amsterdam, nederland
|
2392# INTERNET : dik@cwi.nl
2393# BITNET/EARN: dik@mcvax
| 2438# ...
|
2394
2395# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
2396# ...
2397# Greece: Last Sunday in April to last Sunday in September (iffy on dates).
2398# Since 1978. Change at midnight.
2399# ...
2400# Monaco: has same DST as France.
2401# ...
| 2439
2440# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
2441# ...
2442# Greece: Last Sunday in April to last Sunday in September (iffy on dates).
2443# Since 1978. Change at midnight.
2444# ...
2445# Monaco: has same DST as France.
2446# ...
|