1# @(#)europe 7.40
2
3# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
4# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
5# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
6
7# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-09-03):
8# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
9# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (3rd edition),
10# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991).
11# Except where otherwise noted, it is the source for the data below.
12#
13# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
14# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
15# I found in the UCLA library.
16#
17# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
18# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
19# Corrections are welcome!
20# std dst
21# LMT Local Mean Time
22# -4:00 AST Atlantic
23# -3:00 WGT WGST Western Greenland*
24# -1:00 EGT EGST Eastern Greenland*
25# 0:00 GMT BST Greenwich, British Summer
26# 0:00 GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer
27# 0:00 WET WEST Western Europe
28# 1:00 CET CEST Central Europe
29# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe
30#
31# See the `africa' file for time zone naming and abbreviation conventions.
32#
33# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones, especially in Britain,
34# is Derek Howse, Greenwich time and the discovery of the longitude,
35# Oxford University Press (1980).
36
37# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-12-04),
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821Rule C-Eur 1944 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 -
822Rule C-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
823Rule C-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
824Rule C-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 -
825Rule C-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
826Rule C-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
827Rule C-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
828
829# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
830Rule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 " DST"
831Rule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 -
832Rule Russia 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 " DDST"
833Rule Russia 1918 only - Sep 17 0:00 1:00 " DST"
834Rule Russia 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 " DDST"
835Rule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 D
836Rule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 K
837Rule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 D
838# Shanks gives 1921 Mar 21 for the following transition.
839# From Andrew A. Chernov <ache@astral.msk.su> (1993-11-12):
840# My sources says, that it is Mar 20, not 21.
841Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 DD
842Rule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D
843Rule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 K
844Rule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
845Rule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 K
846Rule Russia 1984 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 K
847Rule Russia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 K
848Rule Russia 1985 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
849
850# These are for backward compatibility with older versions.
851
852# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
853Zone WET 0:00 EU WE%sT
854Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT
855Zone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT
856Zone EET 2:00 EU EE%sT
--- 52 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---
909Rule Albania 1983 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 S
910Rule Albania 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
911Rule Albania 1984 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
912Rule Albania 1984 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
913# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
914Zone Europe/Tirane 1:19:20 - LMT 1914
915 1:00 - CET 1940 Jun 16
916 1:00 Albania CE%sT 1985 Mar 31 1:00
917 1:00 W-Eur CE%sT
918
919# Andorra
920# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
921Zone Europe/Andorra 0:06:04 - LMT 1901
922 0:00 - WET 1946 Sep 30
923 1:00 - CET 1985 Mar 31 2:00
924 1:00 EU CE%sT
925
--- 13 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---
939 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1940 Apr 1 2:00
940 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
941 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1981
942 1:00 EU CE%sT
943
944# Belarus
945# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
946Zone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880
947 2:30:20 Russia LST%s 1919 Jul 1 2:00
948 3:00 Russia MS%s 1922 Oct # Moscow Time
949 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
950 3:00 Russia MS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
951 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
952 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT
953
954# Belgium
955# Whitman and Shanks disagree; go with Shanks, usually.
956# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
957# From Whitman:
958Rule Belgium 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
959Rule Belgium 1919 only - Oct 4 23:00s 0 -
960# Shanks gives 1920 Feb 14 23:00s; go with Whitman.
--- 56 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---
1017Rule Bulg 1981 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 -
1018# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1019Zone Europe/Sofia 1:33:16 - LMT 1880
1020 1:56:56 - IMT 1894 Nov 30 # Istanbul MT?
1021 2:00 - EET 1942 Nov 2 3:00
1022 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 3:00
1023 2:00 - EET 1979 Mar 31 23:00
1024 2:00 Bulg EE%sT 1982 Sep 26 2:00
1025 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT
1026
1027# Croatia
1028# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1029Zone Europe/Zagreb 1:03:52 - LMT 1884
1030 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
1031 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s
1032 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
1033 1:00 - CET 1983
--- 39 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---
1073 0:50:20 - CMT 1894 Apr # Copenhagen Mean Time
1074 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
1075 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
1076 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1980
1077 1:00 EU CE%sT
1078Zone Atlantic/Faeroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # Torshavn
1079 0:00 - WET 1981
1080 0:00 EU WE%sT
1081Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:29:00 - LMT 1916 Jul 28
1082 -2:00 - CGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
1083 -2:00 C-Eur CG%sT 1981 Mar 29
1084 -1:00 C-Eur EG%sT
1085Zone America/Godthab -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28
1086 -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
1087 -3:00 C-Eur WG%sT
1088Zone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28
1089 -4:00 - AST
1090
1091# Estonia
1092# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-10-15):
1093# A relative in Tallinn confirms the accuracy of the data for 1989 onwards
1094# [through 1994] and gives the legal authority for it,
1095# a regulation of the Government of Estonia, No. 111 of 1989....
1096# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1097Zone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880
1098 1:39:00 - TMT 1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time
1099 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1919 Jul
1100 1:39:00 - TMT 1921 May
1101 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 6
1102 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 15 # Moscow Time
1103 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 22
1104 3:00 Russia MS%s 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
1105 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep 24 2:00s
1106 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT
1107
1108# Finland
1109# See Sweden for when the Gregorian calendar was adopted.
1110#
1111# From Hannu Strang <chs@apu.fi> (25 Sep 1994 06:03:37 UTC):
1112# Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one,
--- 301 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---
1414 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul
1415 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1980
1416 1:00 EU CE%sT
1417
1418Link Europe/Rome Europe/Vatican
1419Link Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino
1420
1421# Latvia
1422# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1423Zone Europe/Riga 1:36:24 - LMT 1880
1424 1:36:24 - RMT 1918 Apr 15 2:00 #Riga Mean Time
1425 1:36:24 1:00 LST 1918 Sep 16 3:00 #Latvian Summer
1426 1:36:24 - RMT 1919 Apr 1 2:00
1427 1:36:24 1:00 LST 1919 May 22 3:00
1428 1:36:24 - RMT 1926 May 11
1429 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 5
1430 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jul # Moscow Time
1431 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 8
1432 3:00 Russia MS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1433 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1434 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT
1435
1436# Liechtenstein
1437# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1438Zone Europe/Vaduz 0:38:04 - LMT 1894 Jun
1439 1:00 - CET 1981
1440 1:00 EU CE%sT
1441
1442# Lithuania
1443# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1444Zone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880
1445 1:24:00 - WMT 1917 # Warsaw Mean Time
1446 1:35:36 - KMT 1919 Oct 10 # Kaunas Mean Time
1447 1:00 - CET 1920 Jul 12
1448 2:00 - EET 1920 Oct 9
1449 1:00 - CET 1940 Aug 3
1450 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 24 # Moscow Time
1451 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug
1452 3:00 Russia MS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1453 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1454 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT
1455
1456# Luxembourg
1457# Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways; go with Shanks.
1458# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1459Rule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S
1460Rule Lux 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
1461Rule Lux 1917 only - Apr 28 23:00 1:00 S
1462Rule Lux 1917 only - Sep 17 1:00 0 -
--- 50 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---
1513 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1973 Mar 31
1514 1:00 Malta CE%sT 1981
1515 1:00 EU CE%sT
1516
1517# Moldova
1518# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1519Zone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1924 May 2
1520 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
1521 3:00 Russia MS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s # Moscow Time
1522 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1523 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT
1524
1525# Monaco
1526# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's more precise 0:09:21.
1527# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1528Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15
1529 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
1530 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
1531 1:00 France CE%sT 1977
--- 95 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---
1627Zone Europe/Warsaw 1:24:00 - LMT 1880
1628 1:24:00 - WMT 1915 Aug 5 # Warsaw Mean Time
1629 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Sep 16 3:00
1630 2:00 Poland EE%sT 1922 Jun
1631 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1940 Jun 23 2:00
1632 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct
1633 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1977 Apr 3 1:00
1634 1:00 W-Eur CE%sT
1635
1636# Portugal
1637# Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-10-15.
1638# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1639Rule Port 1916 only - Jun 17 23:00 1:00 S
1640# Whitman gives 1916 Oct 31; go with Shanks.
1641Rule Port 1916 only - Nov 1 1:00 0 -
1642Rule Port 1917 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S
1643Rule Port 1917 1921 - Oct 14 23:00s 0 -
1644Rule Port 1918 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
1645Rule Port 1919 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S
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1697Rule Port 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
1698Rule Port 1983 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
1699# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1700Zone Europe/Lisbon -0:36:32 - LMT 1884
1701 -0:36:32 - LMT 1911 May 24 # Lisbon Mean Time
1702 0:00 Port WE%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00
1703 1:00 - CET 1976 Sep 26 1:00
1704 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
1705# From Rui Pedro Salgueiro <rps@inescca.inescc.pt> (1992-11-12):
1706# Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone
1707# (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC.
1708 0:00 EU WE%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s
1709# Martin Bruckmann <martin@ua.pt> (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve
1710# that Portugal is reverting to 0:00 by not moving its clocks this spring.
1711# The new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter.
1712 1:00 EU CE%sT 1996 Mar 31 1:00u
1713 0:00 EU WE%sT
1714# We don't know what happened to Madeira or the Azores,
1715# so we'll just use Shanks for now.
1716# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1717Zone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada
1718 -1:55 - HMT 1911 May 24 # Horta Mean Time
1719 -2:00 Port AZO%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Azores Time
1720 -1:00 Port AZO%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
1721 -1:00 W-Eur AZO%sT
1722Zone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal
1723 -1:08 - FMT 1911 May 24 # Funchal Mean Time
1724 -1:00 Port MAD%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Madeira Time
1725 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
1726 0:00 EU WE%sT
1727
1728# Romania
1729# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1730Rule Romania 1932 only - May 21 0:00s 1:00 S
1731Rule Romania 1932 1939 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 -
1732Rule Romania 1933 1939 - Apr Sun>=2 0:00s 1:00 S
1733Rule Romania 1979 only - May 27 0:00 1:00 S
1734Rule Romania 1979 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1735Rule Romania 1980 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S
1736Rule Romania 1980 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
1737# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1738Zone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct
1739 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
1740 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00s
1741 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT
1742
1743# Russia
1744# From Shanks (1991):
1745# In 1929 the Soviet Union instituted a 5 day week; in 1932 it instituted
1746# a 6 day week; on 1940-06-27 it returned to the Gregorian week.
1747#
1748# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-09-03):
1749# Moscow rules after 1991 are from Andrew A. Chernov <ache@astral.msk.su>.
1750# I invented the time zone names, and (unless otherwise specified)
1751# guessed what happened after 1991; the clocks were chaotic, and we know little.
1752# The rest is from Shanks.
1753#
1754# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1755Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:20 - LMT 1880
1756 2:30:20 Russia LST%s 1919 Jul 1 2:00
1757 3:00 Russia MS%s 1922 Oct # Moscow TIme
1758 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
1759 3:00 Russia MS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1760 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1761 2:00 - EET 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1762 3:00 Russia MS%s
1763Zone Europe/Kuybyshev 3:20:36 - LMT 1924 May 2
1764 3:00 - KSK 1957 Mar
1765 4:00 Russia KS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1766 3:00 1:00 KSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1767 3:00 - KSK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1768 4:00 Russia KS%s
1769Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:34 - LMT 1924 May 2
1770 4:00 - SSK 1957 Mar
1771 5:00 Russia SS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1772 4:00 1:00 SSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1773 4:00 - SSK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1774 5:00 Russia ES%s # name change from Sverdlovsk
1775Zone Asia/Omsk 4:53:36 - LMT 1924 May 2
1776 5:00 - OSK 1957 Mar
--- 135 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---
1912 0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT 1984 Mar 16
1913 1:00 - CET 1986
1914 1:00 EU CE%sT
1915Zone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C.
1916 -1:00 - CANT 1946 Sep 30 1:00 # Canaries Time
1917 0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s
1918 0:00 1:00 WEST 1980 Sep 28 0:00s
1919 0:00 EU WE%sT
1920
1921# Sweden
1922
1923# From: msb@sq.com (Mark Brader) <URL:news:1996Jul6.012937.29190@sq.com>:
1924#
1925# In 1700, Denmark made the transition from Julian to Gregorian. Sweden
1926# decided to *start* a transition in 1700 as well, but rather than have one of
1927# those unsightly calendar gaps :-), they simply decreed that the next leap
--- 94 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---
2022Rule Turkey 1985 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 S
2023Rule Turkey 1985 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
2024# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2025Zone Europe/Istanbul 1:55:52 - LMT 1880
2026 1:56:56 - IMT 1910 Oct # Istanbul Mean Time?
2027 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1978 Oct 15
2028 3:00 Turkey TR%sT 1985 Apr 20 # Turkey Time
2029 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1986
2030 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT
2031Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents.
2032
2033# Ukraine
2034# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2035Rule Ukraine 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 UST # Ukrainian Summer Time
2036Rule Ukraine 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 KMT # Kiev Mean TIme
2037Rule Ukraine 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 UDST # Ukrainian Double Summer Time
2038Rule Ukraine 1918 only - Sep 17 0:00 1:00 UST
--- 10 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---
2049Rule Crimea 1918 only - Sep 17 0:00 1:00 CST
2050Rule Crimea 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 CDST
2051Rule Crimea 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 CST
2052Rule Crimea 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 NMT
2053Rule Crimea 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 CST
2054Rule Crimea 1921 only - Mar 21 23:00 2:00 CDST
2055Rule Crimea 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 CST
2056Rule Crimea 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 NMT
2057# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2058Zone Europe/Kiev 2:02:04 - LMT 1880
2059 2:02:04 Ukraine %s 1924 May 2
2060 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
2061 3:00 Russia MS%s 1990 Jul 17 # Moscow Time
2062 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT
2063Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880
2064 2:08:00 Crimea %s 1924 May 2
2065 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
2066 3:00 Russia MS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2067 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
2068# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1994-05-28):
2069# Today's _Economist_ (p 45) reports that Crimea switched
2070# from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January elections.
2071# For now, we'll guess that there was a 2-hour leap forward on March 27.
2072 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1994 Mar 27 2:00s
2073 3:00 Russia MS%s
2074
2075# Yugoslavia
2076# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2077Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884
2078 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
2079 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s
2080 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
2081 1:00 - CET 1983
--- 95 unchanged lines hidden ---
2
3# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
4# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
5# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
6
7# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-09-03):
8# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
9# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (3rd edition),
10# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991).
11# Except where otherwise noted, it is the source for the data below.
12#
13# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
14# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
15# I found in the UCLA library.
16#
17# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
18# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
19# Corrections are welcome!
20# std dst
21# LMT Local Mean Time
22# -4:00 AST Atlantic
23# -3:00 WGT WGST Western Greenland*
24# -1:00 EGT EGST Eastern Greenland*
25# 0:00 GMT BST Greenwich, British Summer
26# 0:00 GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer
27# 0:00 WET WEST Western Europe
28# 1:00 CET CEST Central Europe
29# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe
30#
31# See the `africa' file for time zone naming and abbreviation conventions.
32#
33# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones, especially in Britain,
34# is Derek Howse, Greenwich time and the discovery of the longitude,
35# Oxford University Press (1980).
36
37# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-12-04),
--- 783 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---
821Rule C-Eur 1944 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 -
822Rule C-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
823Rule C-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
824Rule C-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 -
825Rule C-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
826Rule C-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
827Rule C-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
828
829# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
830Rule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 " DST"
831Rule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 -
832Rule Russia 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 " DDST"
833Rule Russia 1918 only - Sep 17 0:00 1:00 " DST"
834Rule Russia 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 " DDST"
835Rule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 D
836Rule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 K
837Rule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 D
838# Shanks gives 1921 Mar 21 for the following transition.
839# From Andrew A. Chernov <ache@astral.msk.su> (1993-11-12):
840# My sources says, that it is Mar 20, not 21.
841Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 DD
842Rule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D
843Rule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 K
844Rule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
845Rule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 K
846Rule Russia 1984 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 K
847Rule Russia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 K
848Rule Russia 1985 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
849
850# These are for backward compatibility with older versions.
851
852# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
853Zone WET 0:00 EU WE%sT
854Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT
855Zone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT
856Zone EET 2:00 EU EE%sT
--- 52 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---
909Rule Albania 1983 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 S
910Rule Albania 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
911Rule Albania 1984 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
912Rule Albania 1984 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
913# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
914Zone Europe/Tirane 1:19:20 - LMT 1914
915 1:00 - CET 1940 Jun 16
916 1:00 Albania CE%sT 1985 Mar 31 1:00
917 1:00 W-Eur CE%sT
918
919# Andorra
920# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
921Zone Europe/Andorra 0:06:04 - LMT 1901
922 0:00 - WET 1946 Sep 30
923 1:00 - CET 1985 Mar 31 2:00
924 1:00 EU CE%sT
925
--- 13 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---
939 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1940 Apr 1 2:00
940 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
941 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1981
942 1:00 EU CE%sT
943
944# Belarus
945# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
946Zone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880
947 2:30:20 Russia LST%s 1919 Jul 1 2:00
948 3:00 Russia MS%s 1922 Oct # Moscow Time
949 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
950 3:00 Russia MS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
951 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
952 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT
953
954# Belgium
955# Whitman and Shanks disagree; go with Shanks, usually.
956# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
957# From Whitman:
958Rule Belgium 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
959Rule Belgium 1919 only - Oct 4 23:00s 0 -
960# Shanks gives 1920 Feb 14 23:00s; go with Whitman.
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1017Rule Bulg 1981 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 -
1018# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1019Zone Europe/Sofia 1:33:16 - LMT 1880
1020 1:56:56 - IMT 1894 Nov 30 # Istanbul MT?
1021 2:00 - EET 1942 Nov 2 3:00
1022 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 3:00
1023 2:00 - EET 1979 Mar 31 23:00
1024 2:00 Bulg EE%sT 1982 Sep 26 2:00
1025 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT
1026
1027# Croatia
1028# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1029Zone Europe/Zagreb 1:03:52 - LMT 1884
1030 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
1031 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s
1032 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
1033 1:00 - CET 1983
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1073 0:50:20 - CMT 1894 Apr # Copenhagen Mean Time
1074 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
1075 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
1076 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1980
1077 1:00 EU CE%sT
1078Zone Atlantic/Faeroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # Torshavn
1079 0:00 - WET 1981
1080 0:00 EU WE%sT
1081Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:29:00 - LMT 1916 Jul 28
1082 -2:00 - CGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
1083 -2:00 C-Eur CG%sT 1981 Mar 29
1084 -1:00 C-Eur EG%sT
1085Zone America/Godthab -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28
1086 -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
1087 -3:00 C-Eur WG%sT
1088Zone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28
1089 -4:00 - AST
1090
1091# Estonia
1092# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-10-15):
1093# A relative in Tallinn confirms the accuracy of the data for 1989 onwards
1094# [through 1994] and gives the legal authority for it,
1095# a regulation of the Government of Estonia, No. 111 of 1989....
1096# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1097Zone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880
1098 1:39:00 - TMT 1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time
1099 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1919 Jul
1100 1:39:00 - TMT 1921 May
1101 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 6
1102 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 15 # Moscow Time
1103 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 22
1104 3:00 Russia MS%s 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
1105 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep 24 2:00s
1106 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT
1107
1108# Finland
1109# See Sweden for when the Gregorian calendar was adopted.
1110#
1111# From Hannu Strang <chs@apu.fi> (25 Sep 1994 06:03:37 UTC):
1112# Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one,
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1414 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul
1415 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1980
1416 1:00 EU CE%sT
1417
1418Link Europe/Rome Europe/Vatican
1419Link Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino
1420
1421# Latvia
1422# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1423Zone Europe/Riga 1:36:24 - LMT 1880
1424 1:36:24 - RMT 1918 Apr 15 2:00 #Riga Mean Time
1425 1:36:24 1:00 LST 1918 Sep 16 3:00 #Latvian Summer
1426 1:36:24 - RMT 1919 Apr 1 2:00
1427 1:36:24 1:00 LST 1919 May 22 3:00
1428 1:36:24 - RMT 1926 May 11
1429 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 5
1430 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jul # Moscow Time
1431 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 8
1432 3:00 Russia MS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1433 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1434 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT
1435
1436# Liechtenstein
1437# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1438Zone Europe/Vaduz 0:38:04 - LMT 1894 Jun
1439 1:00 - CET 1981
1440 1:00 EU CE%sT
1441
1442# Lithuania
1443# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1444Zone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880
1445 1:24:00 - WMT 1917 # Warsaw Mean Time
1446 1:35:36 - KMT 1919 Oct 10 # Kaunas Mean Time
1447 1:00 - CET 1920 Jul 12
1448 2:00 - EET 1920 Oct 9
1449 1:00 - CET 1940 Aug 3
1450 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 24 # Moscow Time
1451 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug
1452 3:00 Russia MS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1453 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1454 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT
1455
1456# Luxembourg
1457# Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways; go with Shanks.
1458# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1459Rule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S
1460Rule Lux 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
1461Rule Lux 1917 only - Apr 28 23:00 1:00 S
1462Rule Lux 1917 only - Sep 17 1:00 0 -
--- 50 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---
1513 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1973 Mar 31
1514 1:00 Malta CE%sT 1981
1515 1:00 EU CE%sT
1516
1517# Moldova
1518# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1519Zone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1924 May 2
1520 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
1521 3:00 Russia MS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s # Moscow Time
1522 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1523 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT
1524
1525# Monaco
1526# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's more precise 0:09:21.
1527# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1528Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15
1529 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
1530 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
1531 1:00 France CE%sT 1977
--- 95 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---
1627Zone Europe/Warsaw 1:24:00 - LMT 1880
1628 1:24:00 - WMT 1915 Aug 5 # Warsaw Mean Time
1629 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Sep 16 3:00
1630 2:00 Poland EE%sT 1922 Jun
1631 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1940 Jun 23 2:00
1632 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct
1633 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1977 Apr 3 1:00
1634 1:00 W-Eur CE%sT
1635
1636# Portugal
1637# Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-10-15.
1638# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1639Rule Port 1916 only - Jun 17 23:00 1:00 S
1640# Whitman gives 1916 Oct 31; go with Shanks.
1641Rule Port 1916 only - Nov 1 1:00 0 -
1642Rule Port 1917 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S
1643Rule Port 1917 1921 - Oct 14 23:00s 0 -
1644Rule Port 1918 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
1645Rule Port 1919 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S
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1697Rule Port 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
1698Rule Port 1983 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
1699# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1700Zone Europe/Lisbon -0:36:32 - LMT 1884
1701 -0:36:32 - LMT 1911 May 24 # Lisbon Mean Time
1702 0:00 Port WE%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00
1703 1:00 - CET 1976 Sep 26 1:00
1704 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
1705# From Rui Pedro Salgueiro <rps@inescca.inescc.pt> (1992-11-12):
1706# Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone
1707# (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC.
1708 0:00 EU WE%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s
1709# Martin Bruckmann <martin@ua.pt> (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve
1710# that Portugal is reverting to 0:00 by not moving its clocks this spring.
1711# The new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter.
1712 1:00 EU CE%sT 1996 Mar 31 1:00u
1713 0:00 EU WE%sT
1714# We don't know what happened to Madeira or the Azores,
1715# so we'll just use Shanks for now.
1716# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1717Zone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada
1718 -1:55 - HMT 1911 May 24 # Horta Mean Time
1719 -2:00 Port AZO%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Azores Time
1720 -1:00 Port AZO%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
1721 -1:00 W-Eur AZO%sT
1722Zone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal
1723 -1:08 - FMT 1911 May 24 # Funchal Mean Time
1724 -1:00 Port MAD%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Madeira Time
1725 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
1726 0:00 EU WE%sT
1727
1728# Romania
1729# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1730Rule Romania 1932 only - May 21 0:00s 1:00 S
1731Rule Romania 1932 1939 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 -
1732Rule Romania 1933 1939 - Apr Sun>=2 0:00s 1:00 S
1733Rule Romania 1979 only - May 27 0:00 1:00 S
1734Rule Romania 1979 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1735Rule Romania 1980 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S
1736Rule Romania 1980 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
1737# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1738Zone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct
1739 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
1740 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00s
1741 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT
1742
1743# Russia
1744# From Shanks (1991):
1745# In 1929 the Soviet Union instituted a 5 day week; in 1932 it instituted
1746# a 6 day week; on 1940-06-27 it returned to the Gregorian week.
1747#
1748# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-09-03):
1749# Moscow rules after 1991 are from Andrew A. Chernov <ache@astral.msk.su>.
1750# I invented the time zone names, and (unless otherwise specified)
1751# guessed what happened after 1991; the clocks were chaotic, and we know little.
1752# The rest is from Shanks.
1753#
1754# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1755Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:20 - LMT 1880
1756 2:30:20 Russia LST%s 1919 Jul 1 2:00
1757 3:00 Russia MS%s 1922 Oct # Moscow TIme
1758 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
1759 3:00 Russia MS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1760 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1761 2:00 - EET 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1762 3:00 Russia MS%s
1763Zone Europe/Kuybyshev 3:20:36 - LMT 1924 May 2
1764 3:00 - KSK 1957 Mar
1765 4:00 Russia KS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1766 3:00 1:00 KSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1767 3:00 - KSK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1768 4:00 Russia KS%s
1769Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:34 - LMT 1924 May 2
1770 4:00 - SSK 1957 Mar
1771 5:00 Russia SS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1772 4:00 1:00 SSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1773 4:00 - SSK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1774 5:00 Russia ES%s # name change from Sverdlovsk
1775Zone Asia/Omsk 4:53:36 - LMT 1924 May 2
1776 5:00 - OSK 1957 Mar
--- 135 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---
1912 0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT 1984 Mar 16
1913 1:00 - CET 1986
1914 1:00 EU CE%sT
1915Zone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C.
1916 -1:00 - CANT 1946 Sep 30 1:00 # Canaries Time
1917 0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s
1918 0:00 1:00 WEST 1980 Sep 28 0:00s
1919 0:00 EU WE%sT
1920
1921# Sweden
1922
1923# From: msb@sq.com (Mark Brader) <URL:news:1996Jul6.012937.29190@sq.com>:
1924#
1925# In 1700, Denmark made the transition from Julian to Gregorian. Sweden
1926# decided to *start* a transition in 1700 as well, but rather than have one of
1927# those unsightly calendar gaps :-), they simply decreed that the next leap
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2022Rule Turkey 1985 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 S
2023Rule Turkey 1985 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
2024# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2025Zone Europe/Istanbul 1:55:52 - LMT 1880
2026 1:56:56 - IMT 1910 Oct # Istanbul Mean Time?
2027 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1978 Oct 15
2028 3:00 Turkey TR%sT 1985 Apr 20 # Turkey Time
2029 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1986
2030 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT
2031Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents.
2032
2033# Ukraine
2034# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2035Rule Ukraine 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 UST # Ukrainian Summer Time
2036Rule Ukraine 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 KMT # Kiev Mean TIme
2037Rule Ukraine 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 UDST # Ukrainian Double Summer Time
2038Rule Ukraine 1918 only - Sep 17 0:00 1:00 UST
--- 10 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---
2049Rule Crimea 1918 only - Sep 17 0:00 1:00 CST
2050Rule Crimea 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 CDST
2051Rule Crimea 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 CST
2052Rule Crimea 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 NMT
2053Rule Crimea 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 CST
2054Rule Crimea 1921 only - Mar 21 23:00 2:00 CDST
2055Rule Crimea 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 CST
2056Rule Crimea 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 NMT
2057# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2058Zone Europe/Kiev 2:02:04 - LMT 1880
2059 2:02:04 Ukraine %s 1924 May 2
2060 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
2061 3:00 Russia MS%s 1990 Jul 17 # Moscow Time
2062 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT
2063Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880
2064 2:08:00 Crimea %s 1924 May 2
2065 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
2066 3:00 Russia MS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2067 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
2068# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1994-05-28):
2069# Today's _Economist_ (p 45) reports that Crimea switched
2070# from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January elections.
2071# For now, we'll guess that there was a 2-hour leap forward on March 27.
2072 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1994 Mar 27 2:00s
2073 3:00 Russia MS%s
2074
2075# Yugoslavia
2076# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2077Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884
2078 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
2079 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s
2080 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
2081 1:00 - CET 1983
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