1# @(#)europe 7.41
2
3# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
4# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
5# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
6
7# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-11-22):
8# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
9# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (3rd edition),
10# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991).
11#
12# Gwillim Law <LAW@encmail.encompass.com> writes that a good source
13# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
14# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
15# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
16# of the IATA's data after 1990.
17#
18# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1990,
19# and IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
20#
21# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
22# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
23# I found in the UCLA library.
24#
25# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
26# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
27# Corrections are welcome!
28# std dst
29# LMT Local Mean Time
30# -4:00 AST Atlantic
31# -3:00 WGT WGST Western Greenland*
32# -1:00 EGT EGST Eastern Greenland*
33# 0:00 GMT BST Greenwich, British Summer
34# 0:00 GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer
35# 0:00 WET WEST Western Europe
36# 1:00 CET CEST Central Europe
37# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe
38# 3:00 MSK MSD Moscow
39#
40# See the `africa' file for time zone naming and abbreviation conventions.
41#
42# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones, especially in Britain,
43# is Derek Howse, Greenwich time and the discovery of the longitude,
44# Oxford University Press (1980).
45
46# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-12-04),
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830Rule C-Eur 1944 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 -
831Rule C-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
832Rule C-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
833Rule C-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 -
834Rule C-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
835Rule C-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
836Rule C-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
837
838# E-Eur differs from EU only in that E-Eur switches at midnight local time.
839Rule E-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
840Rule E-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
841Rule E-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
842Rule E-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
843Rule E-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
844Rule E-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
845
846# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
847Rule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 MST # Moscow Summer Time
848Rule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 MMT # Moscow Mean Time
849Rule Russia 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 MDST # Moscow Double Summer Time
850Rule Russia 1918 only - Sep 17 0:00 1:00 MST
851Rule Russia 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 MDST
852Rule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 S
853Rule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 -
854Rule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S
855# Shanks gives 1921 Mar 21 for the following transition.
856# From Andrey A. Chernov <ache@astral.msk.su> (1993-11-12):
857# My sources says, that it is Mar 20, not 21.
858Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 DS
859Rule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 S
860Rule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
861Rule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
862Rule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
863Rule Russia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
864Rule Russia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
865Rule Russia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S
866Rule Russia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 -
867Rule Russia 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
868Rule Russia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
869Rule Russia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
870
871# These are for backward compatibility with older versions.
872
873# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
874Zone WET 0:00 EU WE%sT
875Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT
876Zone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT
877Zone EET 2:00 EU EE%sT
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930Rule Albania 1983 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 S
931Rule Albania 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
932Rule Albania 1984 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
933Rule Albania 1984 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
934# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
935Zone Europe/Tirane 1:19:20 - LMT 1914
936 1:00 - CET 1940 Jun 16
937 1:00 Albania CE%sT 1985 Mar 31 1:00
938 1:00 W-Eur CE%sT 1991
939 1:00 EU CE%sT
940
941# Andorra
942# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
943Zone Europe/Andorra 0:06:04 - LMT 1901
944 0:00 - WET 1946 Sep 30
945 1:00 - CET 1985 Mar 31 2:00
946 1:00 EU CE%sT
947
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961 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1940 Apr 1 2:00
962 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
963 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1981
964 1:00 EU CE%sT
965
966# Belarus
967# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
968Zone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880
969 2:30:20 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 2:00
970 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1922 Oct
971 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
972 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
973 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
974 2:00 - EET 1992 Mar 29 0:00
975 2:00 1:00 EEST 1992 Sep 27 0:00
976 2:00 Russia EE%sT
977
978# Belgium
979# Whitman and Shanks disagree; go with Shanks, usually.
980# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
981# From Whitman:
982Rule Belgium 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
983Rule Belgium 1919 only - Oct 4 23:00s 0 -
984# Shanks gives 1920 Feb 14 23:00s; go with Whitman.
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1041Rule Bulg 1981 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 -
1042# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1043Zone Europe/Sofia 1:33:16 - LMT 1880
1044 1:56:56 - IMT 1894 Nov 30 # Istanbul MT?
1045 2:00 - EET 1942 Nov 2 3:00
1046 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 3:00
1047 2:00 - EET 1979 Mar 31 23:00
1048 2:00 Bulg EE%sT 1982 Sep 26 2:00
1049 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991
1050 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT
1051
1052# Croatia
1053# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1054Zone Europe/Zagreb 1:03:52 - LMT 1884
1055 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
1056 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s
1057 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
1058 1:00 - CET 1983
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1098 0:50:20 - CMT 1894 Apr # Copenhagen Mean Time
1099 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
1100 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
1101 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1980
1102 1:00 EU CE%sT
1103Zone Atlantic/Faeroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # Torshavn
1104 0:00 - WET 1981
1105 0:00 EU WE%sT
1106#
1107# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
1108# Greenland joined the EU as part of Denmark, obtained home rule on 1979-05-01,
1109# and left the EU on 1985-02-01. It therefore should have been using EU
1110# rules at least through 1984. Shanks says Scoresbysund and Godthab
1111# used C-Eur rules after 1980, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says they use EU
1112# rules since at least 1991. Assume EU rules since 1980.
1113
1114#
1115# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1116Rule Thule 1993 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1117Rule Thule 1993 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1118#
1119# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1120Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:29:00 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormit
1121 -2:00 - CGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
1122 -2:00 C-Eur CG%sT 1981 Mar 29
1123 -1:00 EU EG%sT
1124Zone America/Godthab -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Nuuk
1125 -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
1126 -3:00 EU WG%sT
1127Zone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik
1128 -4:00 Thule A%sT
1129
1130# Estonia
1131# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-10-15):
1132# A relative in Tallinn confirms the accuracy of the data for 1989 onwards
1133# [through 1994] and gives the legal authority for it,
1134# a regulation of the Government of Estonia, No. 111 of 1989....
1135#
1136# From Peter Ilieve <peter@aldie.co.uk> (1996-10-28):
1137# [IATA SSIM (1992/1996) claims that the Baltic republics switch at 01:00s,
1138# but a relative confirms that Estonia still switches at 02:00s, writing:]
1139# ``I do not [know] exactly but there are some little different
1140# (confusing) rules for International Air and Railway Transport Schedules
1141# conversion in Sunday connected with end of summer time in Estonia....
1142# A discussion is running about the summer time efficiency and effect on
1143# human physiology. It seems that Estonia maybe will not change to
1144# summer time next spring.''
1145# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1146Zone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880
1147 1:39:00 - TMT 1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time
1148 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1919 Jul
1149 1:39:00 - TMT 1921 May
1150 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 6
1151 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 15
1152 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 22
1153 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
1154 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep 24 2:00s
1155 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT
1156
1157# Finland
1158# See Sweden for when the Gregorian calendar was adopted.
1159#
1160# From Hannu Strang <chs@apu.fi> (25 Sep 1994 06:03:37 UTC):
1161# Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one,
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1463 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul
1464 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1980
1465 1:00 EU CE%sT
1466
1467Link Europe/Rome Europe/Vatican
1468Link Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino
1469
1470# Latvia
1471# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
1472# Rules after 1991 are by extension from Shanks. They contradict
1473# IATA SSIM (1992/1996), which claims Latvia uses W-Eur rules, but
1474# Peter Ilieve's relative writes that Latvia switched in September this year,
1475# so we'll assume that the old C-Eur-style rules still apply.
1476# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1477Rule Latvia 1992 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
1478Rule Latvia 1992 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
1479# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1480Zone Europe/Riga 1:36:24 - LMT 1880
1481 1:36:24 - RMT 1918 Apr 15 2:00 #Riga Mean Time
1482 1:36:24 1:00 LST 1918 Sep 16 3:00 #Latvian Summer
1483 1:36:24 - RMT 1919 Apr 1 2:00
1484 1:36:24 1:00 LST 1919 May 22 3:00
1485 1:36:24 - RMT 1926 May 11
1486 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 5
1487 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jul
1488 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 8
1489 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1490 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1491 2:00 Latvia EE%sT
1492
1493# Liechtenstein
1494# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1495Zone Europe/Vaduz 0:38:04 - LMT 1894 Jun
1496 1:00 - CET 1981
1497 1:00 EU CE%sT
1498
1499# Lithuania
1500# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1501Zone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880
1502 1:24:00 - WMT 1917 # Warsaw Mean Time
1503 1:35:36 - KMT 1919 Oct 10 # Kaunas Mean Time
1504 1:00 - CET 1920 Jul 12
1505 2:00 - EET 1920 Oct 9
1506 1:00 - CET 1940 Aug 3
1507 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 24
1508 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug
1509 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1510 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1511 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT
1512# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
1513# IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is
1514# known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it's wrong here too.
1515
1516# Luxembourg
1517# Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways; go with Shanks.
1518# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1519Rule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S
1520Rule Lux 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
1521Rule Lux 1917 only - Apr 28 23:00 1:00 S
1522Rule Lux 1917 only - Sep 17 1:00 0 -
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1573 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1973 Mar 31
1574 1:00 Malta CE%sT 1981
1575 1:00 EU CE%sT
1576
1577# Moldova
1578# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1579Zone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1924 May 2
1580 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
1581 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1582 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1583 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT
1584
1585# Monaco
1586# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's more precise 0:09:21.
1587# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1588Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15
1589 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
1590 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
1591 1:00 France CE%sT 1977
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1687Zone Europe/Warsaw 1:24:00 - LMT 1880
1688 1:24:00 - WMT 1915 Aug 5 # Warsaw Mean Time
1689 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Sep 16 3:00
1690 2:00 Poland EE%sT 1922 Jun
1691 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1940 Jun 23 2:00
1692 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct
1693 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1977 Apr 3 1:00
1694 1:00 W-Eur CE%sT
1695# IATA SSIM (1991/1996) gives EU rules, but the _The Warsaw Voice_
1696# <URL:http://www.contact.waw.pl/voice/v361/NewsInBrief.shtml>
1697# (1995-09-24) says the autumn 1995 switch was at 02:00.
1698# Stick with W-Eur for now.
1699
1700# Portugal
1701# Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-10-15.
1702#
1703# From Rui Pedro Salgueiro <rps@inescca.inescc.pt> (1992-11-12):
1704# Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone
1705# (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC.
1706#
1707# Martin Bruckmann <martin@ua.pt> (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve
1708# that Portugal is reverting to 0:00 by not moving its clocks this spring.
1709# The new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter.
1710#
1711# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-12):
1712# IATA SSIM (1991-09) reports several 1991-09 and 1992-09 transitions
1713# at 02:00u, not 01:00u. Assume that these are typos.
1714# IATA SSIM (1991/1992) reports that the Azores were at -1:00.
1715# IATA SSIM (1993-02) says +0:00; later issues (through 1996-09) say -1:00.
1716# Guess that the Azores changed to EU rules in 1992 (since that's when Portugal
1717# harmonized with the EU), and that they stayed +0:00 that winter.
1718#
1719# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1720Rule Port 1916 only - Jun 17 23:00 1:00 S
1721# Whitman gives 1916 Oct 31; go with Shanks.
1722Rule Port 1916 only - Nov 1 1:00 0 -
1723Rule Port 1917 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S
1724Rule Port 1917 1921 - Oct 14 23:00s 0 -
1725Rule Port 1918 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
1726Rule Port 1919 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S
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1778Rule Port 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
1779Rule Port 1983 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
1780# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1781Zone Europe/Lisbon -0:36:32 - LMT 1884
1782 -0:36:32 - LMT 1911 May 24 # Lisbon Mean Time
1783 0:00 Port WE%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00
1784 1:00 - CET 1976 Sep 26 1:00
1785 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
1786 0:00 W-Eur WE%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s
1787 1:00 EU CE%sT 1996 Mar 31 1:00u
1788 0:00 EU WE%sT
1789Zone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada
1790 -1:55 - HMT 1911 May 24 # Horta Mean Time
1791 -2:00 Port AZO%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Azores Time
1792 -1:00 Port AZO%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
1793 -1:00 W-Eur AZO%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s
1794 0:00 EU WE%sT 1993 Mar 28 1:00u
1795 -1:00 EU AZO%sT
1796Zone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal
1797 -1:08 - FMT 1911 May 24 # Funchal Mean Time
1798 -1:00 Port MAD%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Madeira Time
1799 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
1800 0:00 EU WE%sT
1801
1802# Romania
1803# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1804Rule Romania 1932 only - May 21 0:00s 1:00 S
1805Rule Romania 1932 1939 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 -
1806Rule Romania 1933 1939 - Apr Sun>=2 0:00s 1:00 S
1807Rule Romania 1979 only - May 27 0:00 1:00 S
1808Rule Romania 1979 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1809Rule Romania 1980 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S
1810Rule Romania 1980 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
1811Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S
1812Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
1813# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1814Zone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct
1815 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
1816 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00s
1817 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991
1818 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1994
1819 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT
1820
1821# Russia
1822# From Shanks (1991):
1823# In 1929 the Soviet Union instituted a 5 day week; in 1932 it instituted
1824# a 6 day week; on 1940-06-27 it returned to the Gregorian week.
1825#
1826# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-11-22):
1827# Except for Moscow after 1919-07-01, I invented the time zone abbreviations,
1828# and (unless otherwise specified) guessed what happened after 1991.
1829# Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991,
1830# are from Andrey A. Chernov. The rest is from Shanks and the IATA.
1831#
1832# From Andrey A. Chernov <ache@nagual.ru> (1996-10-04):
1833# `MSK' and `MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with
1834# Unix-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group)....
1835# The next step was the UUCP network, the Relcom predecessor
1836# (used mainly for mail), and MSK/MSD was actively used there.
1837#
1838# From Chris Carrier <72157.3334@CompuServe.COM> (1996-10-30):
1839# According to a friend of mine who rode the Trans-Siberian Railroad from
1840# Moscow to Irkutsk in 1995, public air and rail transport in Russia ...
1841# still follows Moscow time, no matter where in Russia it is located.
1842#
1843# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1844Zone Europe/Kaliningrad 1:22:00 - LMT 1893 Apr
1845 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945
1846 2:00 Poland CET 1946
1847 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1848 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1849 2:00 - EET 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1850 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1994
1851# IATA SSIM (1994-02) says Kaliningrad is at UTC+2; guess 1994 change.
1852 2:00 Russia EE%sT
1853Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:20 - LMT 1880
1854 2:30:20 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 2:00
1855 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1922 Oct
1856 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
1857 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1858 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1859 2:00 - EET 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1860 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD
1861Zone Europe/Samara 3:20:36 - LMT 1924 May 2
1862 3:00 - KUYT 1957 Mar # Kuybyshev Time
1863 4:00 Russia KUY%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1864 3:00 1:00 KUYST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1865 3:00 - SAMT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s # Samara Time
1866 4:00 Russia SAM%sT
1867Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:34 - LMT 1924 May 2
1868 4:00 - SSK 1957 Mar
1869 5:00 Russia SS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1870 4:00 1:00 SSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1871 4:00 - SSK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1872 5:00 Russia ES%s # name change from Sverdlovsk
1873Zone Asia/Omsk 4:53:36 - LMT 1924 May 2
1874 5:00 - OSK 1957 Mar
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2010 0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT 1984 Mar 16
2011 1:00 - CET 1986
2012 1:00 EU CE%sT
2013Zone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C.
2014 -1:00 - CANT 1946 Sep 30 1:00 # Canaries Time
2015 0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s
2016 0:00 1:00 WEST 1980 Sep 28 0:00s
2017 0:00 EU WE%sT
2018# IATA SSIM (1996-09) says the Canaries switch at 2:00u, not 1:00u.
2019# Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU.
2020
2021# Sweden
2022
2023# From: msb@sq.com (Mark Brader) <URL:news:1996Jul6.012937.29190@sq.com>:
2024#
2025# In 1700, Denmark made the transition from Julian to Gregorian. Sweden
2026# decided to *start* a transition in 1700 as well, but rather than have one of
2027# those unsightly calendar gaps :-), they simply decreed that the next leap
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2122Rule Turkey 1985 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 S
2123Rule Turkey 1985 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
2124# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2125Zone Europe/Istanbul 1:55:52 - LMT 1880
2126 1:56:56 - IMT 1910 Oct # Istanbul Mean Time?
2127 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1978 Oct 15
2128 3:00 Turkey TR%sT 1985 Apr 20 # Turkey Time
2129 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1986
2130 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991
2131 2:00 EU EE%sT
2132Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents.
2133
2134# Ukraine
2135# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2136Rule Ukraine 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 UST # Ukrainian Summer Time
2137Rule Ukraine 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 KMT # Kiev Mean TIme
2138Rule Ukraine 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 UDST # Ukrainian Double Summer Time
2139Rule Ukraine 1918 only - Sep 17 0:00 1:00 UST
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2150Rule Crimea 1918 only - Sep 17 0:00 1:00 CST
2151Rule Crimea 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 CDST
2152Rule Crimea 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 CST
2153Rule Crimea 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 NMT
2154Rule Crimea 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 CST
2155Rule Crimea 1921 only - Mar 21 23:00 2:00 CDST
2156Rule Crimea 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 CST
2157Rule Crimea 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 NMT
2158Rule Crimea 1996 max - Mar lastSun 0:00u 1:00 -
2159Rule Crimea 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00u 0 -
2160# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2161Zone Europe/Kiev 2:02:04 - LMT 1880
2162 2:02:04 Ukraine %s 1924 May 2
2163 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
2164 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 Jul 17
2165 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1996
2166 2:00 EU EE%sT
2167Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880
2168 2:08:00 Crimea %s 1924 May 2
2169 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
2170 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2171 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
2172# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-10-21):
2173# The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that most of Crimea switched
2174# from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections.
2175# For now, guess it changed Feb 1.
2176 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1994 Feb
2177# From IATA SSIM (1994/1996), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev.
2178 3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996
2179 3:00 Crimea MSK/MSD
2180
2181# Yugoslavia
2182# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2183Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884
2184 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
2185 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s
2186 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
2187 1:00 - CET 1983
--- 95 unchanged lines hidden ---
2
3# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
4# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
5# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
6
7# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-11-22):
8# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
9# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (3rd edition),
10# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991).
11#
12# Gwillim Law <LAW@encmail.encompass.com> writes that a good source
13# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
14# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
15# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
16# of the IATA's data after 1990.
17#
18# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1990,
19# and IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
20#
21# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
22# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
23# I found in the UCLA library.
24#
25# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
26# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
27# Corrections are welcome!
28# std dst
29# LMT Local Mean Time
30# -4:00 AST Atlantic
31# -3:00 WGT WGST Western Greenland*
32# -1:00 EGT EGST Eastern Greenland*
33# 0:00 GMT BST Greenwich, British Summer
34# 0:00 GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer
35# 0:00 WET WEST Western Europe
36# 1:00 CET CEST Central Europe
37# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe
38# 3:00 MSK MSD Moscow
39#
40# See the `africa' file for time zone naming and abbreviation conventions.
41#
42# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones, especially in Britain,
43# is Derek Howse, Greenwich time and the discovery of the longitude,
44# Oxford University Press (1980).
45
46# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-12-04),
--- 783 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---
830Rule C-Eur 1944 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 -
831Rule C-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
832Rule C-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
833Rule C-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 -
834Rule C-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
835Rule C-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
836Rule C-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
837
838# E-Eur differs from EU only in that E-Eur switches at midnight local time.
839Rule E-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
840Rule E-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
841Rule E-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
842Rule E-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
843Rule E-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
844Rule E-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
845
846# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
847Rule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 MST # Moscow Summer Time
848Rule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 MMT # Moscow Mean Time
849Rule Russia 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 MDST # Moscow Double Summer Time
850Rule Russia 1918 only - Sep 17 0:00 1:00 MST
851Rule Russia 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 MDST
852Rule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 S
853Rule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 -
854Rule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S
855# Shanks gives 1921 Mar 21 for the following transition.
856# From Andrey A. Chernov <ache@astral.msk.su> (1993-11-12):
857# My sources says, that it is Mar 20, not 21.
858Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 DS
859Rule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 S
860Rule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
861Rule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
862Rule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
863Rule Russia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
864Rule Russia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
865Rule Russia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S
866Rule Russia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 -
867Rule Russia 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
868Rule Russia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
869Rule Russia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
870
871# These are for backward compatibility with older versions.
872
873# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
874Zone WET 0:00 EU WE%sT
875Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT
876Zone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT
877Zone EET 2:00 EU EE%sT
--- 52 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---
930Rule Albania 1983 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 S
931Rule Albania 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
932Rule Albania 1984 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
933Rule Albania 1984 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
934# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
935Zone Europe/Tirane 1:19:20 - LMT 1914
936 1:00 - CET 1940 Jun 16
937 1:00 Albania CE%sT 1985 Mar 31 1:00
938 1:00 W-Eur CE%sT 1991
939 1:00 EU CE%sT
940
941# Andorra
942# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
943Zone Europe/Andorra 0:06:04 - LMT 1901
944 0:00 - WET 1946 Sep 30
945 1:00 - CET 1985 Mar 31 2:00
946 1:00 EU CE%sT
947
--- 13 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---
961 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1940 Apr 1 2:00
962 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
963 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1981
964 1:00 EU CE%sT
965
966# Belarus
967# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
968Zone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880
969 2:30:20 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 2:00
970 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1922 Oct
971 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
972 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
973 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
974 2:00 - EET 1992 Mar 29 0:00
975 2:00 1:00 EEST 1992 Sep 27 0:00
976 2:00 Russia EE%sT
977
978# Belgium
979# Whitman and Shanks disagree; go with Shanks, usually.
980# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
981# From Whitman:
982Rule Belgium 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
983Rule Belgium 1919 only - Oct 4 23:00s 0 -
984# Shanks gives 1920 Feb 14 23:00s; go with Whitman.
--- 56 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---
1041Rule Bulg 1981 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 -
1042# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1043Zone Europe/Sofia 1:33:16 - LMT 1880
1044 1:56:56 - IMT 1894 Nov 30 # Istanbul MT?
1045 2:00 - EET 1942 Nov 2 3:00
1046 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 3:00
1047 2:00 - EET 1979 Mar 31 23:00
1048 2:00 Bulg EE%sT 1982 Sep 26 2:00
1049 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991
1050 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT
1051
1052# Croatia
1053# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1054Zone Europe/Zagreb 1:03:52 - LMT 1884
1055 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
1056 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s
1057 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
1058 1:00 - CET 1983
--- 39 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---
1098 0:50:20 - CMT 1894 Apr # Copenhagen Mean Time
1099 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
1100 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
1101 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1980
1102 1:00 EU CE%sT
1103Zone Atlantic/Faeroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # Torshavn
1104 0:00 - WET 1981
1105 0:00 EU WE%sT
1106#
1107# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
1108# Greenland joined the EU as part of Denmark, obtained home rule on 1979-05-01,
1109# and left the EU on 1985-02-01. It therefore should have been using EU
1110# rules at least through 1984. Shanks says Scoresbysund and Godthab
1111# used C-Eur rules after 1980, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says they use EU
1112# rules since at least 1991. Assume EU rules since 1980.
1113
1114#
1115# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1116Rule Thule 1993 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
1117Rule Thule 1993 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S
1118#
1119# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1120Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:29:00 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormit
1121 -2:00 - CGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
1122 -2:00 C-Eur CG%sT 1981 Mar 29
1123 -1:00 EU EG%sT
1124Zone America/Godthab -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Nuuk
1125 -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00
1126 -3:00 EU WG%sT
1127Zone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik
1128 -4:00 Thule A%sT
1129
1130# Estonia
1131# From Peter Ilieve <peter@memex.co.uk> (1994-10-15):
1132# A relative in Tallinn confirms the accuracy of the data for 1989 onwards
1133# [through 1994] and gives the legal authority for it,
1134# a regulation of the Government of Estonia, No. 111 of 1989....
1135#
1136# From Peter Ilieve <peter@aldie.co.uk> (1996-10-28):
1137# [IATA SSIM (1992/1996) claims that the Baltic republics switch at 01:00s,
1138# but a relative confirms that Estonia still switches at 02:00s, writing:]
1139# ``I do not [know] exactly but there are some little different
1140# (confusing) rules for International Air and Railway Transport Schedules
1141# conversion in Sunday connected with end of summer time in Estonia....
1142# A discussion is running about the summer time efficiency and effect on
1143# human physiology. It seems that Estonia maybe will not change to
1144# summer time next spring.''
1145# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1146Zone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880
1147 1:39:00 - TMT 1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time
1148 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1919 Jul
1149 1:39:00 - TMT 1921 May
1150 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 6
1151 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 15
1152 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 22
1153 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s
1154 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep 24 2:00s
1155 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT
1156
1157# Finland
1158# See Sweden for when the Gregorian calendar was adopted.
1159#
1160# From Hannu Strang <chs@apu.fi> (25 Sep 1994 06:03:37 UTC):
1161# Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one,
--- 301 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---
1463 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul
1464 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1980
1465 1:00 EU CE%sT
1466
1467Link Europe/Rome Europe/Vatican
1468Link Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino
1469
1470# Latvia
1471# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
1472# Rules after 1991 are by extension from Shanks. They contradict
1473# IATA SSIM (1992/1996), which claims Latvia uses W-Eur rules, but
1474# Peter Ilieve's relative writes that Latvia switched in September this year,
1475# so we'll assume that the old C-Eur-style rules still apply.
1476# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1477Rule Latvia 1992 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
1478Rule Latvia 1992 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
1479# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1480Zone Europe/Riga 1:36:24 - LMT 1880
1481 1:36:24 - RMT 1918 Apr 15 2:00 #Riga Mean Time
1482 1:36:24 1:00 LST 1918 Sep 16 3:00 #Latvian Summer
1483 1:36:24 - RMT 1919 Apr 1 2:00
1484 1:36:24 1:00 LST 1919 May 22 3:00
1485 1:36:24 - RMT 1926 May 11
1486 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 5
1487 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jul
1488 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 8
1489 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1490 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1491 2:00 Latvia EE%sT
1492
1493# Liechtenstein
1494# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1495Zone Europe/Vaduz 0:38:04 - LMT 1894 Jun
1496 1:00 - CET 1981
1497 1:00 EU CE%sT
1498
1499# Lithuania
1500# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1501Zone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880
1502 1:24:00 - WMT 1917 # Warsaw Mean Time
1503 1:35:36 - KMT 1919 Oct 10 # Kaunas Mean Time
1504 1:00 - CET 1920 Jul 12
1505 2:00 - EET 1920 Oct 9
1506 1:00 - CET 1940 Aug 3
1507 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 24
1508 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug
1509 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1510 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1511 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT
1512# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
1513# IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is
1514# known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it's wrong here too.
1515
1516# Luxembourg
1517# Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways; go with Shanks.
1518# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1519Rule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S
1520Rule Lux 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
1521Rule Lux 1917 only - Apr 28 23:00 1:00 S
1522Rule Lux 1917 only - Sep 17 1:00 0 -
--- 50 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---
1573 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1973 Mar 31
1574 1:00 Malta CE%sT 1981
1575 1:00 EU CE%sT
1576
1577# Moldova
1578# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1579Zone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1924 May 2
1580 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
1581 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1582 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1583 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT
1584
1585# Monaco
1586# Shanks gives 0:09 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's more precise 0:09:21.
1587# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1588Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15
1589 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
1590 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
1591 1:00 France CE%sT 1977
--- 95 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---
1687Zone Europe/Warsaw 1:24:00 - LMT 1880
1688 1:24:00 - WMT 1915 Aug 5 # Warsaw Mean Time
1689 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Sep 16 3:00
1690 2:00 Poland EE%sT 1922 Jun
1691 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1940 Jun 23 2:00
1692 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct
1693 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1977 Apr 3 1:00
1694 1:00 W-Eur CE%sT
1695# IATA SSIM (1991/1996) gives EU rules, but the _The Warsaw Voice_
1696# <URL:http://www.contact.waw.pl/voice/v361/NewsInBrief.shtml>
1697# (1995-09-24) says the autumn 1995 switch was at 02:00.
1698# Stick with W-Eur for now.
1699
1700# Portugal
1701# Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-10-15.
1702#
1703# From Rui Pedro Salgueiro <rps@inescca.inescc.pt> (1992-11-12):
1704# Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone
1705# (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC.
1706#
1707# Martin Bruckmann <martin@ua.pt> (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve
1708# that Portugal is reverting to 0:00 by not moving its clocks this spring.
1709# The new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter.
1710#
1711# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-12):
1712# IATA SSIM (1991-09) reports several 1991-09 and 1992-09 transitions
1713# at 02:00u, not 01:00u. Assume that these are typos.
1714# IATA SSIM (1991/1992) reports that the Azores were at -1:00.
1715# IATA SSIM (1993-02) says +0:00; later issues (through 1996-09) say -1:00.
1716# Guess that the Azores changed to EU rules in 1992 (since that's when Portugal
1717# harmonized with the EU), and that they stayed +0:00 that winter.
1718#
1719# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1720Rule Port 1916 only - Jun 17 23:00 1:00 S
1721# Whitman gives 1916 Oct 31; go with Shanks.
1722Rule Port 1916 only - Nov 1 1:00 0 -
1723Rule Port 1917 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S
1724Rule Port 1917 1921 - Oct 14 23:00s 0 -
1725Rule Port 1918 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S
1726Rule Port 1919 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S
--- 51 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---
1778Rule Port 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S
1779Rule Port 1983 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
1780# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1781Zone Europe/Lisbon -0:36:32 - LMT 1884
1782 -0:36:32 - LMT 1911 May 24 # Lisbon Mean Time
1783 0:00 Port WE%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00
1784 1:00 - CET 1976 Sep 26 1:00
1785 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
1786 0:00 W-Eur WE%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s
1787 1:00 EU CE%sT 1996 Mar 31 1:00u
1788 0:00 EU WE%sT
1789Zone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada
1790 -1:55 - HMT 1911 May 24 # Horta Mean Time
1791 -2:00 Port AZO%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Azores Time
1792 -1:00 Port AZO%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
1793 -1:00 W-Eur AZO%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s
1794 0:00 EU WE%sT 1993 Mar 28 1:00u
1795 -1:00 EU AZO%sT
1796Zone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal
1797 -1:08 - FMT 1911 May 24 # Funchal Mean Time
1798 -1:00 Port MAD%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Madeira Time
1799 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s
1800 0:00 EU WE%sT
1801
1802# Romania
1803# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1804Rule Romania 1932 only - May 21 0:00s 1:00 S
1805Rule Romania 1932 1939 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 -
1806Rule Romania 1933 1939 - Apr Sun>=2 0:00s 1:00 S
1807Rule Romania 1979 only - May 27 0:00 1:00 S
1808Rule Romania 1979 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1809Rule Romania 1980 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S
1810Rule Romania 1980 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 -
1811Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S
1812Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 -
1813# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1814Zone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct
1815 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
1816 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00s
1817 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991
1818 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1994
1819 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT
1820
1821# Russia
1822# From Shanks (1991):
1823# In 1929 the Soviet Union instituted a 5 day week; in 1932 it instituted
1824# a 6 day week; on 1940-06-27 it returned to the Gregorian week.
1825#
1826# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-11-22):
1827# Except for Moscow after 1919-07-01, I invented the time zone abbreviations,
1828# and (unless otherwise specified) guessed what happened after 1991.
1829# Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991,
1830# are from Andrey A. Chernov. The rest is from Shanks and the IATA.
1831#
1832# From Andrey A. Chernov <ache@nagual.ru> (1996-10-04):
1833# `MSK' and `MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with
1834# Unix-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group)....
1835# The next step was the UUCP network, the Relcom predecessor
1836# (used mainly for mail), and MSK/MSD was actively used there.
1837#
1838# From Chris Carrier <72157.3334@CompuServe.COM> (1996-10-30):
1839# According to a friend of mine who rode the Trans-Siberian Railroad from
1840# Moscow to Irkutsk in 1995, public air and rail transport in Russia ...
1841# still follows Moscow time, no matter where in Russia it is located.
1842#
1843# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1844Zone Europe/Kaliningrad 1:22:00 - LMT 1893 Apr
1845 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945
1846 2:00 Poland CET 1946
1847 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1848 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1849 2:00 - EET 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1850 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1994
1851# IATA SSIM (1994-02) says Kaliningrad is at UTC+2; guess 1994 change.
1852 2:00 Russia EE%sT
1853Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:20 - LMT 1880
1854 2:30:20 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 2:00
1855 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1922 Oct
1856 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
1857 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1858 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1859 2:00 - EET 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1860 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD
1861Zone Europe/Samara 3:20:36 - LMT 1924 May 2
1862 3:00 - KUYT 1957 Mar # Kuybyshev Time
1863 4:00 Russia KUY%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1864 3:00 1:00 KUYST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1865 3:00 - SAMT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s # Samara Time
1866 4:00 Russia SAM%sT
1867Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:34 - LMT 1924 May 2
1868 4:00 - SSK 1957 Mar
1869 5:00 Russia SS%s 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1870 4:00 1:00 SSD 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
1871 4:00 - SSK 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
1872 5:00 Russia ES%s # name change from Sverdlovsk
1873Zone Asia/Omsk 4:53:36 - LMT 1924 May 2
1874 5:00 - OSK 1957 Mar
--- 135 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---
2010 0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT 1984 Mar 16
2011 1:00 - CET 1986
2012 1:00 EU CE%sT
2013Zone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C.
2014 -1:00 - CANT 1946 Sep 30 1:00 # Canaries Time
2015 0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s
2016 0:00 1:00 WEST 1980 Sep 28 0:00s
2017 0:00 EU WE%sT
2018# IATA SSIM (1996-09) says the Canaries switch at 2:00u, not 1:00u.
2019# Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU.
2020
2021# Sweden
2022
2023# From: msb@sq.com (Mark Brader) <URL:news:1996Jul6.012937.29190@sq.com>:
2024#
2025# In 1700, Denmark made the transition from Julian to Gregorian. Sweden
2026# decided to *start* a transition in 1700 as well, but rather than have one of
2027# those unsightly calendar gaps :-), they simply decreed that the next leap
--- 94 unchanged lines hidden (view full) ---
2122Rule Turkey 1985 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 S
2123Rule Turkey 1985 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 -
2124# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2125Zone Europe/Istanbul 1:55:52 - LMT 1880
2126 1:56:56 - IMT 1910 Oct # Istanbul Mean Time?
2127 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1978 Oct 15
2128 3:00 Turkey TR%sT 1985 Apr 20 # Turkey Time
2129 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1986
2130 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991
2131 2:00 EU EE%sT
2132Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents.
2133
2134# Ukraine
2135# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
2136Rule Ukraine 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 UST # Ukrainian Summer Time
2137Rule Ukraine 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 KMT # Kiev Mean TIme
2138Rule Ukraine 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 UDST # Ukrainian Double Summer Time
2139Rule Ukraine 1918 only - Sep 17 0:00 1:00 UST
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2150Rule Crimea 1918 only - Sep 17 0:00 1:00 CST
2151Rule Crimea 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 CDST
2152Rule Crimea 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 CST
2153Rule Crimea 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 NMT
2154Rule Crimea 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 CST
2155Rule Crimea 1921 only - Mar 21 23:00 2:00 CDST
2156Rule Crimea 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 CST
2157Rule Crimea 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 NMT
2158Rule Crimea 1996 max - Mar lastSun 0:00u 1:00 -
2159Rule Crimea 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00u 0 -
2160# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2161Zone Europe/Kiev 2:02:04 - LMT 1880
2162 2:02:04 Ukraine %s 1924 May 2
2163 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
2164 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 Jul 17
2165 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1996
2166 2:00 EU EE%sT
2167Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880
2168 2:08:00 Crimea %s 1924 May 2
2169 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
2170 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2171 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
2172# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1996-10-21):
2173# The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that most of Crimea switched
2174# from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections.
2175# For now, guess it changed Feb 1.
2176 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1994 Feb
2177# From IATA SSIM (1994/1996), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev.
2178 3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996
2179 3:00 Crimea MSK/MSD
2180
2181# Yugoslavia
2182# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
2183Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884
2184 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
2185 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 8 2:00s
2186 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
2187 1:00 - CET 1983
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