1# @(#)australasia 7.58
| 1# @(#)australasia 7.60
|
2# This file also includes Pacific islands.
| 2# This file also includes Pacific islands.
|
3# $FreeBSD: head/share/zoneinfo/australasia 64499 2000-08-10 19:36:46Z wollman $
| 3# $FreeBSD: head/share/zoneinfo/australasia 67578 2000-10-25 19:36:49Z wollman $
|
4# Notes are at the end of this file
5
6###############################################################################
7
8# Australia
9
10# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
11Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 -
12Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 -
13Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 -
14Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 -
15Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 -
16Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
17Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 -
18# Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which
19# says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that
20# 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944.
21
22# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
23# Northern Territory
24Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
25 9:00 - CST 1899 May
26 9:30 Aus CST
27# Western Australia
28Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec
29 8:00 Aus WST 1943 Jul
30 8:00 - WST 1974 Oct lastSun 2:00s
31 8:00 1:00 WST 1975 Mar Sun>=1 2:00s
32 8:00 - WST 1983 Oct lastSun 2:00s
33 8:00 1:00 WST 1984 Mar Sun>=1 2:00s
34 8:00 - WST 1991 Nov 17 2:00s
35 8:00 1:00 WST 1992 Mar Sun>=1 2:00s
36 8:00 - WST
37# Queensland
38#
39# From Alex Livingston <alex@agsm.unsw.edu.au> (1996-11-01):
40# I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast
41# of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after
42# Queensland ceased to.
43#
44# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
45# IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman,
46# Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped.
47# Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria,
48# so use Lindeman.
49#
50# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
51Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
52Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 -
53Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
54Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
55Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
56Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
57Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895
58 10:00 Aus EST 1971
59 10:00 AQ EST
60Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895
61 10:00 Aus EST 1971
62 10:00 AQ EST 1992 Jul
63 10:00 Holiday EST
64
65# South Australia
66# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
67Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
68Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 -
69Rule AS 1987 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
70Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 -
71Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
72Rule AS 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
73Rule AS 1990 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 -
74Rule AS 1991 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
75Rule AS 1992 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 -
76Rule AS 1993 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
77Rule AS 1994 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 -
78Rule AS 1995 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
79# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
80Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
81 9:00 - CST 1899 May
82 9:30 Aus CST 1971
83 9:30 AS CST
84
85# Tasmania
86# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
87Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
88Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
89Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
90Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 -
91Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 -
92Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
93Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
94Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
95Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 -
96Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
97Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 -
98Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
99Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
100Rule AT 1991 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
101Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
102Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
103# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
104Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep
105 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
106 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb
107 10:00 Aus EST 1967
108 10:00 AT EST
109
110# Victoria
111# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
112Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
113Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 -
114Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
115Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
116Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 -
117Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
118Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
119Rule AV 1995 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
120Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
121Rule AV 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
122# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
123Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
124 10:00 Aus EST 1971
125 10:00 AV EST
126
127# New South Wales
128# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
129Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
130Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 -
131Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
132Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
133Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
134Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
135Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 -
136Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
137Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
138Rule AN 1996 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
139Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
140Rule AN 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
141# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
142Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
143 10:00 Aus EST 1971
144 10:00 AN EST
145Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb
146 10:00 - EST 1896 Aug 23
147 9:00 - CST 1899 May
148 9:30 Aus CST 1971
149 9:30 AN CST 2000
150 9:30 AS CST
151
152# Lord Howe Island
153# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
154Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
155Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
| 4# Notes are at the end of this file
5
6###############################################################################
7
8# Australia
9
10# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
11Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 -
12Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 -
13Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 -
14Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 -
15Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 -
16Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 -
17Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 -
18# Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which
19# says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that
20# 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944.
21
22# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
23# Northern Territory
24Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
25 9:00 - CST 1899 May
26 9:30 Aus CST
27# Western Australia
28Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec
29 8:00 Aus WST 1943 Jul
30 8:00 - WST 1974 Oct lastSun 2:00s
31 8:00 1:00 WST 1975 Mar Sun>=1 2:00s
32 8:00 - WST 1983 Oct lastSun 2:00s
33 8:00 1:00 WST 1984 Mar Sun>=1 2:00s
34 8:00 - WST 1991 Nov 17 2:00s
35 8:00 1:00 WST 1992 Mar Sun>=1 2:00s
36 8:00 - WST
37# Queensland
38#
39# From Alex Livingston <alex@agsm.unsw.edu.au> (1996-11-01):
40# I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast
41# of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after
42# Queensland ceased to.
43#
44# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
45# IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman,
46# Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped.
47# Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria,
48# so use Lindeman.
49#
50# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
51Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
52Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 -
53Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
54Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
55Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
56Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
57Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895
58 10:00 Aus EST 1971
59 10:00 AQ EST
60Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895
61 10:00 Aus EST 1971
62 10:00 AQ EST 1992 Jul
63 10:00 Holiday EST
64
65# South Australia
66# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
67Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
68Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 -
69Rule AS 1987 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
70Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 -
71Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
72Rule AS 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
73Rule AS 1990 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 -
74Rule AS 1991 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
75Rule AS 1992 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 -
76Rule AS 1993 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
77Rule AS 1994 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 -
78Rule AS 1995 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
79# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
80Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
81 9:00 - CST 1899 May
82 9:30 Aus CST 1971
83 9:30 AS CST
84
85# Tasmania
86# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
87Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
88Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
89Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
90Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 -
91Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 -
92Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
93Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
94Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
95Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 -
96Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
97Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 -
98Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
99Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
100Rule AT 1991 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
101Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
102Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 -
103# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
104Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep
105 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00
106 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb
107 10:00 Aus EST 1967
108 10:00 AT EST
109
110# Victoria
111# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
112Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
113Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 -
114Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
115Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
116Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 -
117Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
118Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
119Rule AV 1995 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
120Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
121Rule AV 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
122# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
123Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
124 10:00 Aus EST 1971
125 10:00 AV EST
126
127# New South Wales
128# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
129Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
130Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 -
131Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
132Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
133Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
134Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
135Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 -
136Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
137Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
138Rule AN 1996 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
139Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
140Rule AN 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
141# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
142Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
143 10:00 Aus EST 1971
144 10:00 AN EST
145Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb
146 10:00 - EST 1896 Aug 23
147 9:00 - CST 1899 May
148 9:30 Aus CST 1971
149 9:30 AN CST 2000
150 9:30 AS CST
151
152# Lord Howe Island
153# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
154Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 -
155Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
|
156Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0:30 -
157Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 -
158Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 0:30 -
159Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0:30 -
160Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
161Rule LH 1996 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 -
162Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 0:30 -
163Rule LH 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0:30 -
| 156Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:30s 0:30 -
157Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:30s 0 -
158Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:30s 0:30 -
159Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:30s 0:30 -
160Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:30s 0 -
161Rule LH 1996 max - Mar lastSun 2:30s 0 -
162Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:30s 0:30 -
163Rule LH 2001 max - Oct lastSun 2:30s 0:30 -
|
164Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
165 10:00 - EST 1981 Mar
166 10:30 LH LHST
167
168# Australian miscellany
169#
170# Ashmore Is, Cartier
171# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers
172# like Australia/Perth, says Turner
173#
174# Coral Sea Is
175# no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists
176# no information
177#
178# Macquarie
179# permanent occupation (scientific station) since 1948;
180# sealing and penguin oil station operated 1888/1917
181# like Australia/Hobart, says Turner
182
183# Christmas
184# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
185Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
186 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time
187
188# Cook Is
189# From Shanks:
190# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
191Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS
192Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
193Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS
194# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
195Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua
196 -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time
197 -10:00 Cook CK%sT
198
199# Cocos
200# From USNO (1989):
201# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
202Zone Indian/Cocos 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time
203
204# Fiji
205# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
206Rule Fiji 1998 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
207Rule Fiji 1999 max - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 -
208# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
209Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:53:40 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva
210 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time
211
212# French Polynesia
213# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
214Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea
215 -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time
216Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct
217 -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time
218Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete
219 -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time
220# Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia;
221# it is uninhabited.
222
223# Guam
224# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
225Zone Pacific/Guam 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana
226 10:00 - GST
227
228# Kiribati
229# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
230Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki
231 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time
232Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901
233 -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time
234 -11:00 - PHOT 1995
235 13:00 - PHOT
236Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901
237 -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time
238 -10:00 - LINT 1995
239 14:00 - LINT
240
241# N Mariana Is
242# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
243Zone Pacific/Saipan 9:43:00 - LMT 1901
244 9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time
245 10:00 - MPT
246
247# Marshall Is
248# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
249Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901
250 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time
251 12:00 - MHT
252Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901
253 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct
254 -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time
255 12:00 - MHT
256
257# Micronesia
258# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
259Zone Pacific/Yap 9:12:32 - LMT 1901 # Colonia
260 9:00 - YAPT 1969 Oct # Yap Time
261 10:00 - YAPT
262Zone Pacific/Truk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901
263 10:00 - TRUT # Truk Time
264Zone Pacific/Ponape 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia
265 11:00 - PONT # Ponape Time
266Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901
267 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time
268 12:00 - KOST 1999
269 11:00 - KOST
270
271# Nauru
272# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
273Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe
274 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time
275 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15
276 11:30 - NRT 1979 May
277 12:00 - NRT
278
279# New Caledonia
280# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
281Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
282Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 -
283Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S
284# Shanks says the following was at 2:00; go with IATA.
285Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 -
286# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
287Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13
288 11:00 NC NC%sT
289
290
291###############################################################################
292
293# New Zealand
294
295# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
296# Shanks gives 1927 Nov 6 - 1928 Mar 4, 1928 Oct 14 - 1929 Mar 17,
297# 1929 Oct 13 - 1930 Mar 16; go with Whitman.
298Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 26 2:00 0:30 HD
299Rule NZ 1928 1929 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
300Rule NZ 1928 only - Nov 4 2:00 0:30 HD
301Rule NZ 1929 only - Oct 30 2:00 0:30 HD
302Rule NZ 1930 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 S
303Rule NZ 1930 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 HD
304# Whitman says DST went on and off during war years, and the base UT offset
305# didn't change until 1945 Apr 30; go with Shanks.
306Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 S
307Rule NZ 1934 1939 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 HD
308Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov 3 2:00s 1:00 D
309Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
310Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct 8 2:00s 1:00 D
311Rule NZ 1990 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
312Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb 23 2:00s 0 S
313Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
314Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
315Rule Chatham 1990 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D
316Rule Chatham 1991 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S
317# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
318Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868
319 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1940 Sep 29 2:00
320 12:00 NZ NZ%sT
321Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT
322
323
324# Auckland Is
325# uninhabited; Maori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers,
326# and scientific personnel have wintered
327
328# Campbell I
329# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914
330# scientific station operated 1941/1995;
331# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered
332# was probably like Pacific/Auckland
333
334###############################################################################
335
336
337# Niue
338# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
339Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi
340 -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time
341 -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1
342 -11:00 - NUT
343
344# Norfolk
345# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
346Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston
347 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time
348 11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time
349
350# Palau (Belau)
351# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
352Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror
353 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time
354
355# Papua New Guinea
356# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
357Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880
358 9:48:40 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time
359 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time
360
361# Pitcairn
362# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
363Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown
364 -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 00:00
365 -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time
366
367# American Samoa
368Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5
369 -11:22:48 - LMT 1911
370 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time
371 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome
372 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering
373 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa
374
375# W Samoa
376Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5
377 -11:26:56 - LMT 1911
378 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time
379 -11:00 - WST # W Samoa Time
380
381# Solomon Is
382# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea
383# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
384Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara
385 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time
386
387# Tokelau Is
388# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
389Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901
390 -10:00 - TKT # Tokelau Time
391
392# Tonga
393# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
394Rule Tonga 1999 max - Oct Sat>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
395Rule Tonga 2000 max - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 0 -
396# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
397Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901
398 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time
399 13:00 - TOT 1999
400 13:00 Tonga TO%sT
401
402# Tuvalu
403# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
404Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901
405 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time
406
407
408# US minor outlying islands
409
410# Howland, Baker
411# uninhabited since World War II
412# no information; was probably like Pacific/Pago_Pago
413
414# Jarvis
415# uninhabited since 1958
416# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati
417
418# Johnston
419# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
420Zone Pacific/Johnston -10:00 - HST
421
422# Kingman
423# uninhabited
424
425# Midway
426Zone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901
427 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome
428 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering
429 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa
430
431# Palmyra
432# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati
433
434# Wake
435# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
436Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901
437 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time
438
439
440# Vanuatu
441# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
442Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S
443Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 -
444Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S
445Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S
446Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 -
447Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S
448# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
449Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila
450 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time
451
452# Wallis and Futuna
453# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
454Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
455 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time
456
457###############################################################################
458
459# NOTES
460
461# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
462# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
463# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
464
465# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-10-29):
466# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
467# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition),
468# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999).
469#
470# Gwillim Law <Gwil_Law@bridge-point.com> writes that a good source
471# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
472# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
473# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
474# of the IATA's data after 1990.
475#
476# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1990,
477# and IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
478#
479# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
480# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
481# I found in the UCLA library.
482#
483# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
484# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
485#
486# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
487# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
488# Corrections are welcome!
489# std dst
490# LMT Local Mean Time
491# 8:00 WST WST Western Australia
492# 9:00 JST Japan
493# 9:30 CST CST Central Australia
494# 10:00 EST EST Eastern Australia
495# 10:00 GST Guam
496# 10:30 LHST LHST Lord Howe*
497# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand
498# 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham*
499# -11:00 SST Samoa
500# -10:00 HST Hawaii
501# - 8:00 PST Pitcairn*
502#
503# See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii.
504# See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is.
505
506###############################################################################
507
508# Australia
509
510# <a href="http://www.dstc.qut.edu.au/DST/marg/daylight.html">
511# Australia's Daylight Saving Times
512# </a>, by Margaret Turner, summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia.
513
514# From John Mackin (1991-03-06):
515# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time.
516# It is called `summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, `summer'
517# and `standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the
518# abbreviation does _not_ change...
519# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least
520# in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the
521# initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses
522# the phrase `summer time' and does not use the phrase `daylight
523# time'.
524# Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian
525# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases `Eastern Standard Time'
526# or `Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the
527# current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers
528# on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases
529# prefixed by the word `Australian' when referring to local times;
530# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC.
531
532# From Arthur David Olson (March 8 1992):
533# Given the above, what's chosen for year-round use is:
534# CST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 9:30
535# WST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00
536# EST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00
537
538# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
539# Shanks reports 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and New Zealand.
540# Mark Prior <mrp@itd.adelaide.edu.au> writes that his newspaper
541# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00,
542# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970
543# and perhaps the newspaper's `2:00' is referring to standard time.
544# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960.
545
546# From Eric Ulevik <eau@zip.com.au> (1998-01-05):
547#
548# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable,
549# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more
550# relevant entries in this database.
551#
552# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill):
553# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html">
554# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04)
555# </a>
556# ACT
557# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html">
558# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972
559# </a>
560# SA
561# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html">
562# Standard Time Act, 1898
563# </a>
564
565# Northern Territory
566
567# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
568# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ]
569# # [ Nov 1990 ]
570# # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location.
571# ...
572# Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST
573
574# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
575# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
576# the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving.
577
578# Western Australia
579
580# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
581# # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ]
582# # [ Nov 1990 ]
583# # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to
584# # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but
585# # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus
586# # before reaching parliament.
587# ...
588# Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST
589# ...
590# Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
591# Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W
592# Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
593# Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W
594
595# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
596# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
597# Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving.
598
599# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02):
600# Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney
601# rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at
602# work at 9.00am.)
603# W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse
604# everybody again.
605
606# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
607# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess;
608# it matches what was used in the past.
609
610# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm">
611# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ
612# </a> (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses
613# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia.
614
615# Queensland
616# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
617# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ]
618# # [ Dec 1990 ]
619# ...
620# Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST
621# ...
622# Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
623# Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E
624# Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
625# Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E
626
627# From Bradley White (1989-12-24):
628# "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from
629# October 1989).
630
631# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
632# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
633# ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving
634# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
635
636# From John Mackin (1991-03-06):
637# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact
638# end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised
639# me.)
640
641# From Bradley White (1992-03-08):
642# ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted
643# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ...
644# ...
645# Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
646# Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S
647# ...
648
649# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
650# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes.
651
652# South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria
653
654# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
655# The rules from version 7.1 follow.
656# There are lots of differences between these rules and
657# the Shepherd et al. rules. Since the Shepherd et al. rules
658# and Bradley White's newspaper article are in agreement on
659# current DST ending dates, no worries.
660#
661# Rule Oz 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 -
662# Rule Oz 1986 max - Oct Sun<=24 2:00 1:00 -
663# Rule Oz 1972 only - Feb 27 3:00 0 -
664# Rule Oz 1973 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 -
665# Rule Oz 1987 max - Mar Sun<=21 3:00 0 -
666# Zone Australia/Tasmania 10:00 Oz EST
667# Zone Australia/South 9:30 Oz CST
668# Zone Australia/Victoria 10:00 Oz EST 1985 Oct lastSun 2:00
669# 10:00 1:00 EST 1986 Mar Sun<=21 3:00
670# 10:00 Oz EST
671
672# From Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
673# I believe that the current start date for DST is "lastSun" in Oct...
674# that changed Oct 89. That is, we're back to the
675# original rule, and that rule currently applies in all the states
676# that have dst, incl Qld. (Certainly it was true in Vic).
677# The file I'm including says that happened in 1988, I think
678# that's incorrect, but I'm not 100% certain.
679
680# South Australia
681
682# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
683# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
684# ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving
685# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
686
687# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
688# # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ]
689# # [ Nov 1990 ]
690# ...
691# Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST
692# ...
693# Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
694# Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C
695# Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun<=21 3:00 0 C
696# Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C
697
698# From Bradley White (1992-03-11):
699# Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide
700# contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival,
701# South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks."
702
703# From Robert Elz (1992-03-13):
704# I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that)
705# South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even
706# numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival
707# is on...
708
709# From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000):
710# DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday)....
711# But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever...
712# (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...).
713
714# From Bradley White (1994-04-11):
715# If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March,
716# 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can
717# only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated....
718
719# From John Warburton <jwarb@SACBH.com.au> (1994-10-07):
720# The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ...
721# was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994....
722# start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March.
723
724# Tasmania
725
726# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd
727# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
728# # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ]
729# # [ Nov 1990 ]
730
731# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10):
732# Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have
733# 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia
734# (but nothing new about that).
735
736# From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04):
737# I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the
738# (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard,
739# has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria
740# (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000
741# instead of the first Sunday in October.
742
743# Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules:
744# http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300
745
746# Victoria
747
748# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd
749# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
750# # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ]
751# # [ Nov 1990 ]
752
753# New South Wales
754
755# From Arthur David Olson:
756# New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time.
757# Based on law library research by John Mackin (john@basser.cs.su.oz),
758# who notes:
759# In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the
760# individual states. Thus, while such terms as ``Eastern Standard Time''
761# [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common
762# use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the
763# legislation. This is very important to understand.
764# I have researched New South Wales time only...
765
766# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27):
767# The Information Service of the Australian National Standards Commission
768# <a href="http://www.nsc.gov.au/InfoServ/Ileaflet/il27.htm">
769# Daylight Saving
770# </a> page (1995-04) has an excellent overall history of Australian DST.
771# The Community Relations Division of the NSW Attorney General's Department
772# publishes a history of daylight saving in NSW. See:
773# <a href="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/crd.nsf/pages/time2">
774# Lawlink NSW: Daylight Saving in New South Wales
775# </a>
776
777# From Eric Ulevik <eau@ozemail.com.au> (1999-05-26):
778# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual
779# October in 2000. [See: Matthew Moore,
780# <a href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html">
781# Two months more daylight saving
782# </a>
783# Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).]
784
785# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27):
786# See the following official NSW source:
787# <a href="http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ">
788# Daylight Saving in New South Wales.
789# </a>
790#
791# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of
792# daylight saving next year. See:
793# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm">
794# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving
795# </a> (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens.
796#
797# Victoria will following NSW. See:
798# <a href="http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm">
799# Vic to extend daylight saving
800# </a> (1999-07-28).
801#
802# However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See:
803# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm">
804# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request
805# </a> (1999-07-19).
806#
807# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See:
808# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm">
809# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics
810# </a> (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying
811# ``Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time
812# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very
813# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of
814# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night.
815# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules.''
816#
817# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See:
818# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm">
819# Broken Hill to be behind the times
820# </a> (1999-07-21).
821
822# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian
823# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken
824# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics.
825
| 164Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb
165 10:00 - EST 1981 Mar
166 10:30 LH LHST
167
168# Australian miscellany
169#
170# Ashmore Is, Cartier
171# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers
172# like Australia/Perth, says Turner
173#
174# Coral Sea Is
175# no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists
176# no information
177#
178# Macquarie
179# permanent occupation (scientific station) since 1948;
180# sealing and penguin oil station operated 1888/1917
181# like Australia/Hobart, says Turner
182
183# Christmas
184# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
185Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb
186 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time
187
188# Cook Is
189# From Shanks:
190# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
191Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS
192Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 -
193Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS
194# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
195Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua
196 -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time
197 -10:00 Cook CK%sT
198
199# Cocos
200# From USNO (1989):
201# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
202Zone Indian/Cocos 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time
203
204# Fiji
205# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
206Rule Fiji 1998 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S
207Rule Fiji 1999 max - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 -
208# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
209Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:53:40 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva
210 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time
211
212# French Polynesia
213# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
214Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea
215 -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time
216Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct
217 -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time
218Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete
219 -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time
220# Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia;
221# it is uninhabited.
222
223# Guam
224# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
225Zone Pacific/Guam 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana
226 10:00 - GST
227
228# Kiribati
229# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
230Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki
231 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time
232Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901
233 -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time
234 -11:00 - PHOT 1995
235 13:00 - PHOT
236Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901
237 -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time
238 -10:00 - LINT 1995
239 14:00 - LINT
240
241# N Mariana Is
242# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
243Zone Pacific/Saipan 9:43:00 - LMT 1901
244 9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time
245 10:00 - MPT
246
247# Marshall Is
248# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
249Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901
250 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time
251 12:00 - MHT
252Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901
253 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct
254 -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time
255 12:00 - MHT
256
257# Micronesia
258# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
259Zone Pacific/Yap 9:12:32 - LMT 1901 # Colonia
260 9:00 - YAPT 1969 Oct # Yap Time
261 10:00 - YAPT
262Zone Pacific/Truk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901
263 10:00 - TRUT # Truk Time
264Zone Pacific/Ponape 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia
265 11:00 - PONT # Ponape Time
266Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901
267 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time
268 12:00 - KOST 1999
269 11:00 - KOST
270
271# Nauru
272# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
273Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe
274 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time
275 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15
276 11:30 - NRT 1979 May
277 12:00 - NRT
278
279# New Caledonia
280# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
281Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
282Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 -
283Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S
284# Shanks says the following was at 2:00; go with IATA.
285Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 -
286# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
287Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13
288 11:00 NC NC%sT
289
290
291###############################################################################
292
293# New Zealand
294
295# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
296# Shanks gives 1927 Nov 6 - 1928 Mar 4, 1928 Oct 14 - 1929 Mar 17,
297# 1929 Oct 13 - 1930 Mar 16; go with Whitman.
298Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 26 2:00 0:30 HD
299Rule NZ 1928 1929 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
300Rule NZ 1928 only - Nov 4 2:00 0:30 HD
301Rule NZ 1929 only - Oct 30 2:00 0:30 HD
302Rule NZ 1930 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 S
303Rule NZ 1930 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 HD
304# Whitman says DST went on and off during war years, and the base UT offset
305# didn't change until 1945 Apr 30; go with Shanks.
306Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 S
307Rule NZ 1934 1939 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 HD
308Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov 3 2:00s 1:00 D
309Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D
310Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct 8 2:00s 1:00 D
311Rule NZ 1990 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D
312Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb 23 2:00s 0 S
313Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S
314Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S
315Rule Chatham 1990 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D
316Rule Chatham 1991 max - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S
317# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
318Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868
319 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1940 Sep 29 2:00
320 12:00 NZ NZ%sT
321Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT
322
323
324# Auckland Is
325# uninhabited; Maori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers,
326# and scientific personnel have wintered
327
328# Campbell I
329# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914
330# scientific station operated 1941/1995;
331# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered
332# was probably like Pacific/Auckland
333
334###############################################################################
335
336
337# Niue
338# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
339Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi
340 -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time
341 -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1
342 -11:00 - NUT
343
344# Norfolk
345# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
346Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston
347 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time
348 11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time
349
350# Palau (Belau)
351# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
352Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror
353 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time
354
355# Papua New Guinea
356# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
357Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880
358 9:48:40 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time
359 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time
360
361# Pitcairn
362# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
363Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown
364 -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 00:00
365 -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time
366
367# American Samoa
368Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5
369 -11:22:48 - LMT 1911
370 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time
371 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome
372 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering
373 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa
374
375# W Samoa
376Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5
377 -11:26:56 - LMT 1911
378 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time
379 -11:00 - WST # W Samoa Time
380
381# Solomon Is
382# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea
383# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
384Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara
385 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time
386
387# Tokelau Is
388# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
389Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901
390 -10:00 - TKT # Tokelau Time
391
392# Tonga
393# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
394Rule Tonga 1999 max - Oct Sat>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
395Rule Tonga 2000 max - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 0 -
396# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
397Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901
398 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time
399 13:00 - TOT 1999
400 13:00 Tonga TO%sT
401
402# Tuvalu
403# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
404Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901
405 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time
406
407
408# US minor outlying islands
409
410# Howland, Baker
411# uninhabited since World War II
412# no information; was probably like Pacific/Pago_Pago
413
414# Jarvis
415# uninhabited since 1958
416# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati
417
418# Johnston
419# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
420Zone Pacific/Johnston -10:00 - HST
421
422# Kingman
423# uninhabited
424
425# Midway
426Zone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901
427 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome
428 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering
429 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa
430
431# Palmyra
432# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati
433
434# Wake
435# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
436Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901
437 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time
438
439
440# Vanuatu
441# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
442Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S
443Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 -
444Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S
445Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S
446Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 -
447Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S
448# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
449Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila
450 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time
451
452# Wallis and Futuna
453# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
454Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
455 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time
456
457###############################################################################
458
459# NOTES
460
461# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
462# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
463# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
464
465# From Paul Eggert <eggert@twinsun.com> (1999-10-29):
466# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
467# Thomas G. Shanks, The International Atlas (5th edition),
468# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1999).
469#
470# Gwillim Law <Gwil_Law@bridge-point.com> writes that a good source
471# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
472# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
473# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
474# of the IATA's data after 1990.
475#
476# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks is the source for entries through 1990,
477# and IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
478#
479# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
480# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
481# I found in the UCLA library.
482#
483# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
484# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
485#
486# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
487# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
488# Corrections are welcome!
489# std dst
490# LMT Local Mean Time
491# 8:00 WST WST Western Australia
492# 9:00 JST Japan
493# 9:30 CST CST Central Australia
494# 10:00 EST EST Eastern Australia
495# 10:00 GST Guam
496# 10:30 LHST LHST Lord Howe*
497# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand
498# 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham*
499# -11:00 SST Samoa
500# -10:00 HST Hawaii
501# - 8:00 PST Pitcairn*
502#
503# See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii.
504# See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is.
505
506###############################################################################
507
508# Australia
509
510# <a href="http://www.dstc.qut.edu.au/DST/marg/daylight.html">
511# Australia's Daylight Saving Times
512# </a>, by Margaret Turner, summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia.
513
514# From John Mackin (1991-03-06):
515# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time.
516# It is called `summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, `summer'
517# and `standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the
518# abbreviation does _not_ change...
519# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least
520# in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the
521# initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses
522# the phrase `summer time' and does not use the phrase `daylight
523# time'.
524# Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian
525# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases `Eastern Standard Time'
526# or `Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the
527# current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers
528# on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases
529# prefixed by the word `Australian' when referring to local times;
530# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC.
531
532# From Arthur David Olson (March 8 1992):
533# Given the above, what's chosen for year-round use is:
534# CST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 9:30
535# WST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00
536# EST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00
537
538# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
539# Shanks reports 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and New Zealand.
540# Mark Prior <mrp@itd.adelaide.edu.au> writes that his newspaper
541# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00,
542# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970
543# and perhaps the newspaper's `2:00' is referring to standard time.
544# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960.
545
546# From Eric Ulevik <eau@zip.com.au> (1998-01-05):
547#
548# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable,
549# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more
550# relevant entries in this database.
551#
552# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill):
553# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html">
554# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04)
555# </a>
556# ACT
557# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html">
558# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972
559# </a>
560# SA
561# <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html">
562# Standard Time Act, 1898
563# </a>
564
565# Northern Territory
566
567# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
568# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ]
569# # [ Nov 1990 ]
570# # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location.
571# ...
572# Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST
573
574# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
575# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
576# the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving.
577
578# Western Australia
579
580# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
581# # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ]
582# # [ Nov 1990 ]
583# # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to
584# # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but
585# # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus
586# # before reaching parliament.
587# ...
588# Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST
589# ...
590# Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
591# Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W
592# Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
593# Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W
594
595# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
596# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
597# Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving.
598
599# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02):
600# Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney
601# rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at
602# work at 9.00am.)
603# W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse
604# everybody again.
605
606# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
607# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess;
608# it matches what was used in the past.
609
610# <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm">
611# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ
612# </a> (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses
613# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia.
614
615# Queensland
616# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
617# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ]
618# # [ Dec 1990 ]
619# ...
620# Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST
621# ...
622# Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
623# Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E
624# Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
625# Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E
626
627# From Bradley White (1989-12-24):
628# "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from
629# October 1989).
630
631# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
632# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
633# ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving
634# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
635
636# From John Mackin (1991-03-06):
637# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact
638# end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised
639# me.)
640
641# From Bradley White (1992-03-08):
642# ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted
643# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ...
644# ...
645# Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
646# Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S
647# ...
648
649# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
650# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes.
651
652# South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria
653
654# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
655# The rules from version 7.1 follow.
656# There are lots of differences between these rules and
657# the Shepherd et al. rules. Since the Shepherd et al. rules
658# and Bradley White's newspaper article are in agreement on
659# current DST ending dates, no worries.
660#
661# Rule Oz 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 -
662# Rule Oz 1986 max - Oct Sun<=24 2:00 1:00 -
663# Rule Oz 1972 only - Feb 27 3:00 0 -
664# Rule Oz 1973 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 -
665# Rule Oz 1987 max - Mar Sun<=21 3:00 0 -
666# Zone Australia/Tasmania 10:00 Oz EST
667# Zone Australia/South 9:30 Oz CST
668# Zone Australia/Victoria 10:00 Oz EST 1985 Oct lastSun 2:00
669# 10:00 1:00 EST 1986 Mar Sun<=21 3:00
670# 10:00 Oz EST
671
672# From Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
673# I believe that the current start date for DST is "lastSun" in Oct...
674# that changed Oct 89. That is, we're back to the
675# original rule, and that rule currently applies in all the states
676# that have dst, incl Qld. (Certainly it was true in Vic).
677# The file I'm including says that happened in 1988, I think
678# that's incorrect, but I'm not 100% certain.
679
680# South Australia
681
682# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
683# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
684# ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving
685# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
686
687# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
688# # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ]
689# # [ Nov 1990 ]
690# ...
691# Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST
692# ...
693# Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
694# Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C
695# Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun<=21 3:00 0 C
696# Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C
697
698# From Bradley White (1992-03-11):
699# Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide
700# contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival,
701# South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks."
702
703# From Robert Elz (1992-03-13):
704# I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that)
705# South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even
706# numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival
707# is on...
708
709# From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000):
710# DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday)....
711# But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever...
712# (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...).
713
714# From Bradley White (1994-04-11):
715# If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March,
716# 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can
717# only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated....
718
719# From John Warburton <jwarb@SACBH.com.au> (1994-10-07):
720# The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ...
721# was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994....
722# start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March.
723
724# Tasmania
725
726# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd
727# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
728# # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ]
729# # [ Nov 1990 ]
730
731# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10):
732# Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have
733# 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia
734# (but nothing new about that).
735
736# From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04):
737# I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the
738# (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard,
739# has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria
740# (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000
741# instead of the first Sunday in October.
742
743# Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules:
744# http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300
745
746# Victoria
747
748# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd
749# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
750# # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ]
751# # [ Nov 1990 ]
752
753# New South Wales
754
755# From Arthur David Olson:
756# New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time.
757# Based on law library research by John Mackin (john@basser.cs.su.oz),
758# who notes:
759# In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the
760# individual states. Thus, while such terms as ``Eastern Standard Time''
761# [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common
762# use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the
763# legislation. This is very important to understand.
764# I have researched New South Wales time only...
765
766# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27):
767# The Information Service of the Australian National Standards Commission
768# <a href="http://www.nsc.gov.au/InfoServ/Ileaflet/il27.htm">
769# Daylight Saving
770# </a> page (1995-04) has an excellent overall history of Australian DST.
771# The Community Relations Division of the NSW Attorney General's Department
772# publishes a history of daylight saving in NSW. See:
773# <a href="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/crd.nsf/pages/time2">
774# Lawlink NSW: Daylight Saving in New South Wales
775# </a>
776
777# From Eric Ulevik <eau@ozemail.com.au> (1999-05-26):
778# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual
779# October in 2000. [See: Matthew Moore,
780# <a href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html">
781# Two months more daylight saving
782# </a>
783# Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).]
784
785# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27):
786# See the following official NSW source:
787# <a href="http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ">
788# Daylight Saving in New South Wales.
789# </a>
790#
791# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of
792# daylight saving next year. See:
793# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm">
794# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving
795# </a> (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens.
796#
797# Victoria will following NSW. See:
798# <a href="http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm">
799# Vic to extend daylight saving
800# </a> (1999-07-28).
801#
802# However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See:
803# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm">
804# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request
805# </a> (1999-07-19).
806#
807# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See:
808# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm">
809# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics
810# </a> (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying
811# ``Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time
812# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very
813# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of
814# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night.
815# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules.''
816#
817# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See:
818# <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm">
819# Broken Hill to be behind the times
820# </a> (1999-07-21).
821
822# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian
823# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken
824# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics.
825
|
| 826# From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29:
827# Twin Towns Services Club (in Tweed Heads, near the Queensland border)
828# will maintain Queensland time. The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie
829# is encouraging northern NSW towns to use Queensland time.
830
|
826# Yancowinna
827
| 831# Yancowinna
832
|
828# From John Basser (1989-01-04):
| 833# From John Mackin (1989-01-04):
|
829# `Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna.
830
831# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
832# # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ]
833# # [ Dec 1990 ]
834# ...
835# # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the
836# # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings
837# # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government
838# # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have
839# # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not
840# # presently available.
841# Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST
842# ...
843# Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
844# Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C
845# [followed by other Rules]
846
847# Lord Howe Island
848
849# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
850# LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen.. pauline@Aus ]
851# [ Dec 1990 ]
852# Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an
853# hour ahead of NSW time.
854
855# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27):
856# Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same
857# date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the
858# Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is
859# seeking the community's views on various options for summer time
860# arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour
861# instead of only 30 minutes. Dependant on the wishes of residents
862# the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing
863# arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will
864# however always coincide with the rest of NSW.
865
| 834# `Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna.
835
836# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
837# # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ]
838# # [ Dec 1990 ]
839# ...
840# # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the
841# # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings
842# # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government
843# # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have
844# # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not
845# # presently available.
846# Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST
847# ...
848# Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
849# Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C
850# [followed by other Rules]
851
852# Lord Howe Island
853
854# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
855# LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen.. pauline@Aus ]
856# [ Dec 1990 ]
857# Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an
858# hour ahead of NSW time.
859
860# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27):
861# Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same
862# date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the
863# Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is
864# seeking the community's views on various options for summer time
865# arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour
866# instead of only 30 minutes. Dependant on the wishes of residents
867# the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing
868# arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will
869# however always coincide with the rest of NSW.
870
|
866# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-31):
867# For Lord Howe we use Shanks through 1989, and Lonergan thereafter.
| 871# From Jesper Norgaard <jnorgard@Prodigy.net.mx> (2000-09-04):
872# James Lonergan said that the island always tries to stay in sync
873# with the rest of NSW at all time except for the fact that they stay
874# ahead half an hour when DST is not observed. If this is interpreted
875# literally, they should change clocks at the exact moment that
876# e.g. Canberra changes from normal to daylight saving and vice versa.
|
868
| 877
|
| 878# From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
879# For Lord Howe we use Shanks through 1989, and Lonergan thereafter,
880# However, as per Norgaard we modify Shanks by assuming 02:30s switchover
881# for half-hour DST.
882
|
869###############################################################################
870
871# New Zealand
872
873# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03):
874# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period.
875# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for
876# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start).
877# source -- phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office.
878
879# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
880# # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that!
881# # or is Australia the west island of N.Z.
882# # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Geofft@Aus.. Auckland N.Z. ]
883# # [ Nov 1990 ]
884# ...
885# Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
886# Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
887# Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S
888# Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S
889# ...
890# Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand
891# Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island
892
893# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
894# The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989
895# rather than the October 1 value.
896
897# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19);
898# Shanks reports 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and New Zealand.
899# Robert Uzgalis <buz@cs.aukuni.ac.nz> writes that the New Zealand Daylight
900# Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard
901# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March.
902# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00.
903#
904# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
905# Shanks gives no time data for Chatham; usno1989 says it's +12:45,
906# usno1995 says it's +12:45/+13:45, and IATA SSIM (1991/1999)
907# gives the NZ rules but with transitions at 2:45 local standard time.
908# Guess that they have been in lock-step with NZ since 1990.
909
910###############################################################################
911
912
913# Fiji
914
915# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji
916# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time
917# instead of the American system (which was one day behind).
918
919# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08):
920# Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01
921# until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will
922# be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February.
923
924# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08):
925# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow.
926
927# From the BBC World Service (1998-10-31 11:32 UTC):
928# The Fijiian government says the main reasons for the time change is to
929# improve productivity and reduce road accidents. But correspondents say it
930# also hopes the move will boost Fiji's ability to compete with other pacific
931# islands in the effort to attract tourists to witness the dawning of the new
932# millenium.
933
934
935# Johnston
936
937# Johnston data is from usno1995.
938
939
940# Kiribati
941
942# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
943# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati
944# ``declared it the same day throught the country as of Jan. 1, 1995''
945# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century.
946
947
948# Kwajalein
949
950# In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes:
951# I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday,
952# 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with
953# respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands,
954# going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink.
955
956
957# N Mariana Is, Guam
958
959# Howse writes (p 153) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the
960# Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones
961# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time.
962# Ignore this for now, as we have no hard data. See also Asia/Manila.
963
964
965# Micronesia
966
967# Alan Eugene Davis <adavis@kuentos.guam.net> writes (1996-03-16),
968# ``I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that "Truk"
969# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10.''
970#
971# Shanks writes that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11 on 1978-10-01;
972# ignore this for now.
973
974# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
975# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in
976# <a href="http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html">
977# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information
978# </a> (1999-01-26)
979# that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11.
980# We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now.
981
982
983# Pitcairn
984
985# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08):
986# A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998
987# with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows.
988#
989# The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be
990# Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known
991# as Pitcairn Standard Time.
992#
993# ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several
994# references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation
995# somehow in light of this proclamation.
996
997# From Rives McDow (1999-11-09):
998# The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998
999# ... at midnight.
1000
1001# From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave:
1002# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as
1003# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in
1004# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago.
1005
1006
1007# Samoa
1008
1009# Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald)
1010# that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change
1011# ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system,
1012# ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that
1013# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.''
1014
1015
1016# Tonga
1017
1018# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
1019# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting
1020# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.''
1021# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do.
1022
1023# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle
1024# <a href="http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm">
1025# How Tonga became `The Land where Time Begins'
1026# </a>:
1027
1028# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST
1029# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its
1030# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its
1031# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of
1032# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees
1033# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time).
1034#
1035# Because His Majesty King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince
1036# Tungi, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time
1037# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change.
1038#
1039# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer
1040# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40
1041# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40
1042# minutes we have lost?"
1043#
1044# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that
1045# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth
1046# to say your prayers in the morning."
1047
1048# From Paul Eggert (1999-08-12):
1049# Shanks says the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell.
1050
1051# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03):
1052# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millenium
1053# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front.
1054# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from
1055# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan
1056# Government.
1057
1058# From Steffen Thorsen [straen@thorsen.priv.no] (1999-09-09):
1059# * Tonga will introduce DST in November
1060#
1061# I was given this link by John Letts <johnletts@earthlink.net>:
1062# <a hef="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm">
1063# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm
1064# </a>
1065#
1066# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November
1067# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead
1068# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead
1069# (12 + 1 hour DST).
1070
1071# From Arthur David Olson [arthur_david_olson@nih.gov] (1999-09-20):
1072# According to <a href="http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html>
1073# http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html
1074# </a>:
1075# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000
1076# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the
1077# third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on
1078# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and
1079# set back an hour on the closing date."
1080# Alas, no indication of the time of day.
1081
1082# From Rives McDow (1999-10-06):
1083# Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am.
1084# Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning.
1085
1086
1087###############################################################################
1088
1089# The International Date Line
1090
1091# From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03):
1092#
1093# The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard,
1094# convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please.
1095# Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on
1096# the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there.
1097#
1098# When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and
1099# Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL
1100# to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most
1101# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line
1102# has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific
1103# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international
1104# convention, but are not legally binding national borders.
1105#
1106# An Anglo-French Conference on Time-Keeping at Sea (June, 1917) agreed that
1107# legal time on the high seas would be zone time, i.e., the standard time at
1108# the nearest meridian that is a multiple of fifteen degrees. The date is
1109# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some
1110# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not
1111# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the
1112# correct date is ambiguous.
| 883###############################################################################
884
885# New Zealand
886
887# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03):
888# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period.
889# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for
890# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start).
891# source -- phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office.
892
893# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
894# # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that!
895# # or is Australia the west island of N.Z.
896# # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Geofft@Aus.. Auckland N.Z. ]
897# # [ Nov 1990 ]
898# ...
899# Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
900# Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
901# Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S
902# Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S
903# ...
904# Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand
905# Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island
906
907# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
908# The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989
909# rather than the October 1 value.
910
911# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19);
912# Shanks reports 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and New Zealand.
913# Robert Uzgalis <buz@cs.aukuni.ac.nz> writes that the New Zealand Daylight
914# Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard
915# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March.
916# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00.
917#
918# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
919# Shanks gives no time data for Chatham; usno1989 says it's +12:45,
920# usno1995 says it's +12:45/+13:45, and IATA SSIM (1991/1999)
921# gives the NZ rules but with transitions at 2:45 local standard time.
922# Guess that they have been in lock-step with NZ since 1990.
923
924###############################################################################
925
926
927# Fiji
928
929# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji
930# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time
931# instead of the American system (which was one day behind).
932
933# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08):
934# Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01
935# until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will
936# be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February.
937
938# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08):
939# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow.
940
941# From the BBC World Service (1998-10-31 11:32 UTC):
942# The Fijiian government says the main reasons for the time change is to
943# improve productivity and reduce road accidents. But correspondents say it
944# also hopes the move will boost Fiji's ability to compete with other pacific
945# islands in the effort to attract tourists to witness the dawning of the new
946# millenium.
947
948
949# Johnston
950
951# Johnston data is from usno1995.
952
953
954# Kiribati
955
956# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
957# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati
958# ``declared it the same day throught the country as of Jan. 1, 1995''
959# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century.
960
961
962# Kwajalein
963
964# In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes:
965# I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday,
966# 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with
967# respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands,
968# going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink.
969
970
971# N Mariana Is, Guam
972
973# Howse writes (p 153) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the
974# Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones
975# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time.
976# Ignore this for now, as we have no hard data. See also Asia/Manila.
977
978
979# Micronesia
980
981# Alan Eugene Davis <adavis@kuentos.guam.net> writes (1996-03-16),
982# ``I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that "Truk"
983# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10.''
984#
985# Shanks writes that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11 on 1978-10-01;
986# ignore this for now.
987
988# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
989# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in
990# <a href="http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html">
991# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information
992# </a> (1999-01-26)
993# that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11.
994# We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now.
995
996
997# Pitcairn
998
999# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08):
1000# A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998
1001# with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows.
1002#
1003# The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be
1004# Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known
1005# as Pitcairn Standard Time.
1006#
1007# ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several
1008# references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation
1009# somehow in light of this proclamation.
1010
1011# From Rives McDow (1999-11-09):
1012# The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998
1013# ... at midnight.
1014
1015# From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave:
1016# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as
1017# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in
1018# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago.
1019
1020
1021# Samoa
1022
1023# Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald)
1024# that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change
1025# ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system,
1026# ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that
1027# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.''
1028
1029
1030# Tonga
1031
1032# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
1033# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting
1034# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.''
1035# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do.
1036
1037# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle
1038# <a href="http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm">
1039# How Tonga became `The Land where Time Begins'
1040# </a>:
1041
1042# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST
1043# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its
1044# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its
1045# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of
1046# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees
1047# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time).
1048#
1049# Because His Majesty King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince
1050# Tungi, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time
1051# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change.
1052#
1053# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer
1054# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40
1055# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40
1056# minutes we have lost?"
1057#
1058# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that
1059# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth
1060# to say your prayers in the morning."
1061
1062# From Paul Eggert (1999-08-12):
1063# Shanks says the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell.
1064
1065# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03):
1066# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millenium
1067# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front.
1068# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from
1069# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan
1070# Government.
1071
1072# From Steffen Thorsen [straen@thorsen.priv.no] (1999-09-09):
1073# * Tonga will introduce DST in November
1074#
1075# I was given this link by John Letts <johnletts@earthlink.net>:
1076# <a hef="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm">
1077# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm
1078# </a>
1079#
1080# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November
1081# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead
1082# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead
1083# (12 + 1 hour DST).
1084
1085# From Arthur David Olson [arthur_david_olson@nih.gov] (1999-09-20):
1086# According to <a href="http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html>
1087# http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html
1088# </a>:
1089# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000
1090# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the
1091# third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on
1092# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and
1093# set back an hour on the closing date."
1094# Alas, no indication of the time of day.
1095
1096# From Rives McDow (1999-10-06):
1097# Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am.
1098# Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning.
1099
1100
1101###############################################################################
1102
1103# The International Date Line
1104
1105# From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03):
1106#
1107# The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard,
1108# convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please.
1109# Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on
1110# the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there.
1111#
1112# When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and
1113# Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL
1114# to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most
1115# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line
1116# has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific
1117# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international
1118# convention, but are not legally binding national borders.
1119#
1120# An Anglo-French Conference on Time-Keeping at Sea (June, 1917) agreed that
1121# legal time on the high seas would be zone time, i.e., the standard time at
1122# the nearest meridian that is a multiple of fifteen degrees. The date is
1123# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some
1124# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not
1125# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the
1126# correct date is ambiguous.
|