2# <pre>
3
4# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
5# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
6# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
7
8# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
9#
10# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
11# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
12# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
13#
14# Gwillim Law writes that a good source
15# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
16# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
17# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
18# of the IATA's data after 1990.
19#
20# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
21# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
22#
23# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
24# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
25# I found in the UCLA library.
26#
27# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
28# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
29#
30# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
31# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
32# Corrections are welcome!
33# std dst
34# LMT Local Mean Time
35# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time
36# 2:00 IST IDT Israel
37# 3:00 AST ADT Arabia*
38# 3:30 IRST IRDT Iran
39# 4:00 GST Gulf*
40# 5:30 IST India
41# 7:00 ICT Indochina*
42# 7:00 WIT west Indonesia
43# 8:00 CIT central Indonesia
44# 8:00 CST China
45# 9:00 CJT Central Japanese Time (1896/1937)*
46# 9:00 EIT east Indonesia
47# 9:00 JST JDT Japan
48# 9:00 KST KDT Korea
49# 9:30 CST (Australian) Central Standard Time
50#
51# See the `europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia.
52
53# From Guy Harris:
54# Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as
55# additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental
56# Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide -
57# Worldwide Edition). The names for time zones are guesses.
58
59###############################################################################
60
61# These rules are stolen from the `europe' file.
62# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
63Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
64Rule EUAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
65Rule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 -
66Rule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
67Rule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
68Rule E-EurAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
69Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
70Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
71Rule RussiaAsia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
72Rule RussiaAsia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
73Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S
74Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 -
75Rule RussiaAsia 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
76Rule RussiaAsia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
77Rule RussiaAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
78
79# Afghanistan
80# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
81Zone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890
82 4:00 - AFT 1945
83 4:30 - AFT
84
85# Armenia
86# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
87# Shanks & Pottenger have Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST)
88# in spring 1991, then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then
89# readopting Russian DST in 1997. Go with Shanks & Pottenger, even
90# when they disagree with others. Edgar Der-Danieliantz
91# reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST
92# in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995. IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that
93# Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991,
94# but started switching at 3:00s in 1998.
95# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
96Zone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2
97 3:00 - YERT 1957 Mar # Yerevan Time
98 4:00 RussiaAsia YER%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
99 3:00 1:00 YERST 1991 Sep 23 # independence
100 3:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 1995 Sep 24 2:00s
101 4:00 - AMT 1997
102 4:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT
103
104# Azerbaijan
105# From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23):
106# According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997
107# Resolution available at: http://aif.az/docs/daylight_res.pdf
108# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
109Rule Azer 1997 max - Mar lastSun 4:00 1:00 S
110Rule Azer 1997 max - Oct lastSun 5:00 0 -
111# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
112Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
113 3:00 - BAKT 1957 Mar # Baku Time
114 4:00 RussiaAsia BAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
115 3:00 1:00 BAKST 1991 Aug 30 # independence
116 3:00 RussiaAsia AZ%sT 1992 Sep lastSat 23:00
117 4:00 - AZT 1996 # Azerbaijan time
118 4:00 EUAsia AZ%sT 1997
119 4:00 Azer AZ%sT
120
121# Bahrain
122# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
123Zone Asia/Bahrain 3:22:20 - LMT 1920 # Al Manamah
124 4:00 - GST 1972 Jun
125 3:00 - AST
126
127# Bangladesh
128# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
129Zone Asia/Dhaka 6:01:40 - LMT 1890
130 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
131 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time
132 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
133 6:30 - BURT 1951 Sep 30
134 6:00 - DACT 1971 Mar 26 # Dacca Time
135 6:00 - BDT # Bangladesh Time
136
137# Bhutan
138# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
139Zone Asia/Thimphu 5:58:36 - LMT 1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu
140 5:30 - IST 1987 Oct
141 6:00 - BTT # Bhutan Time
142
143# British Indian Ocean Territory
144# Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the
145# 1997 and later maps say 6:00. Assume the switch occurred in 1996.
146# We have no information as to when standard time was introduced;
147# assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which
148# then contained the Chagos Archipelago).
149# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
150Zone Indian/Chagos 4:49:40 - LMT 1907
151 5:00 - IOT 1996 # BIOT Time
152 6:00 - IOT
153
154# Brunei
155# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
156Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan
157 7:30 - BNT 1933
158 8:00 - BNT
159
160# Burma / Myanmar
161# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
162Zone Asia/Rangoon 6:24:40 - LMT 1880 # or Yangon
163 6:24:36 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon Mean Time?
164 6:30 - BURT 1942 May # Burma Time
165 9:00 - JST 1945 May 3
166 6:30 - MMT # Myanmar Time
167
168# Cambodia
169# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
170Zone Asia/Phnom_Penh 6:59:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9
171 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
172 7:00 - ICT 1912 May
173 8:00 - ICT 1931 May
174 7:00 - ICT
175
176# China
177
178# From Guy Harris:
179# People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone.
180
181# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
182# No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though
183# China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the
184# Peking (Bejing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China
185# has two of 'em -- Peking's and Urumqi (named after the capital of
186# the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it.
187#
188# . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too
189# painful to suck in another copy.. So, here is what I have for
190# DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP):
191#
192# 1986 May 4 - Sept 14
193# 1987 mid-April - ??
194
195# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
196# CHINA 8 H AHEAD OF UTC ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN
197# CHINA 9 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 17 - SEP 10
198
199# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
200# Shanks & Pottenger write that China (except for Hong Kong and Macau)
201# has had a single time zone since 1980 May 1, observing summer DST
202# from 1986 through 1991; this contradicts Devine's
203# note about Time magazine, though apparently _something_ happened in 1986.
204# Go with Shanks & Pottenger for now. I made up names for the other
205# pre-1980 time zones.
206
207# From Shanks & Pottenger:
208# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
209Rule Shang 1940 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D
210Rule Shang 1940 1941 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
211Rule Shang 1941 only - Mar 16 0:00 1:00 D
212Rule PRC 1986 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 D
213Rule PRC 1986 1991 - Sep Sun>=11 0:00 0 S
214Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D
215
216# From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20):
217# BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five
218# historic timezones from some Taiwan websites. And yes, there are official
219# Chinese names for these locales (before 1949).
220#
221# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-07-14):
222# I have investigated the timezones around 1970 on the
223# http://www.astro.com/atlas site [with provinces and county
224# boundaries summarized below].... A few other exceptions were two
225# counties on the Sichuan side of the Xizang-Sichuan border,
226# counties Dege and Baiyu which lies on the Sichuan side and are
227# therefore supposed to be GMT+7, Xizang region being GMT+6, but Dege
228# county is GMT+8 according to astro.com while Baiyu county is GMT+6
229# (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two
230# counties are mistakes in the astro.com data.
231
232# From Paul Eggert (2008-02-11):
233# I just now checked Google News for western news sources that talk
234# about China's single time zone, and couldn't find anything before 1986
235# talking about China being in one time zone. (That article was: Jim
236# Mann, "A clumsy embrace for another western custom: China on daylight
237# time--sort of", Los Angeles Times, 1986-05-05. By the way, this
238# article confirms the tz database's data claiming that China began
239# observing daylight saving time in 1986.
240#
241# From Thomas S. Mullaney (2008-02-11):
242# I think you're combining two subjects that need to treated
243# separately: daylight savings (which, you're correct, wasn't
244# implemented until the 1980s) and the unified time zone centered near
245# Beijing (which was implemented in 1949). Briefly, there was also a
246# "Lhasa Time" in Tibet and "Urumqi Time" in Xinjiang. The first was
247# ceased, and the second eventually recognized (again, in the 1980s).
248#
249# From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30):
250# There seems to be a good chance China switched to a single time zone in 1949
251# rather than in 1980 as Shanks & Pottenger have it, but we don't have a
252# reliable documentary source saying so yet, so for now we still go with
253# Shanks & Pottenger.
254
255# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
256# Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area)
257# Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin
258Zone Asia/Harbin 8:26:44 - LMT 1928 # or Haerbin
259 8:30 - CHAT 1932 Mar # Changbai Time
260 8:00 - CST 1940
261 9:00 - CHAT 1966 May
262 8:30 - CHAT 1980 May
263 8:00 PRC C%sT
264# Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time")
265# most of China
266Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:52 - LMT 1928
267 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949
268 8:00 PRC C%sT
269# Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area)
270# Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan;
271# most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; west Qinghai; and the Guangdong
272# counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing,
273# Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu.
274Zone Asia/Chongqing 7:06:20 - LMT 1928 # or Chungking
275 7:00 - LONT 1980 May # Long-shu Time
276 8:00 PRC C%sT
277# Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time")
278# The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai;
279# the Guangdong counties Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang,
280# Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi;
281# east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi;
282# east Xinjiang, including Urumqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe,
283# Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin,
284# Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami,
285# Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan.
286Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928 # or Urumchi
287 6:00 - URUT 1980 May # Urumqi Time
288 8:00 PRC C%sT
289# Kunlun Time
290# West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule;
291# West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke,
292# Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding,
293# and Yarkand.
294Zone Asia/Kashgar 5:03:56 - LMT 1928 # or Kashi or Kaxgar
295 5:30 - KAST 1940 # Kashgar Time
296 5:00 - KAST 1980 May
297 8:00 PRC C%sT
298
299# Hong Kong (Xianggang)
300# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
301Rule HK 1946 only - Apr 20 3:30 1:00 S
302Rule HK 1946 only - Dec 1 3:30 0 -
303Rule HK 1947 only - Apr 13 3:30 1:00 S
304Rule HK 1947 only - Dec 30 3:30 0 -
305Rule HK 1948 only - May 2 3:30 1:00 S
306Rule HK 1948 1952 - Oct lastSun 3:30 0 -
307Rule HK 1949 1953 - Apr Sun>=1 3:30 1:00 S
308Rule HK 1953 only - Nov 1 3:30 0 -
309Rule HK 1954 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 3:30 1:00 S
310Rule HK 1954 only - Oct 31 3:30 0 -
311Rule HK 1955 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 -
312Rule HK 1965 1977 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
313Rule HK 1965 1977 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
314Rule HK 1979 1980 - May Sun>=8 3:30 1:00 S
315Rule HK 1979 1980 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
316# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
317Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:36 - LMT 1904 Oct 30
318 8:00 HK HK%sT
319
320
321###############################################################################
322
323# Taiwan
324
325# Shanks & Pottenger write that Taiwan observed DST during 1945, when it
326# was still controlled by Japan. This is hard to believe, but we don't
327# have any other information.
328
329# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
330Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
331Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
332Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D
333Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
334Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
335Rule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
336Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
337Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
338Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
339Rule Taiwan 1980 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 D
340Rule Taiwan 1980 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S
341# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
342Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 # or Taibei or T'ai-pei
343 8:00 Taiwan C%sT
344
345# Macau (Macao, Aomen)
346# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
347Rule Macau 1961 1962 - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
348Rule Macau 1961 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 -
349Rule Macau 1963 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
350Rule Macau 1964 only - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
351Rule Macau 1965 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
352Rule Macau 1965 only - Oct 31 0:00 0 -
353Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
354Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
355Rule Macau 1972 1974 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
356Rule Macau 1972 1973 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
357Rule Macau 1974 1977 - Oct Sun>=15 3:30 0 -
358Rule Macau 1975 1977 - Apr Sun>=15 3:30 1:00 S
359Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
360Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
361# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
362Zone Asia/Macau 7:34:20 - LMT 1912
363 8:00 Macau MO%sT 1999 Dec 20 # return to China
364 8:00 PRC C%sT
365
366
367###############################################################################
368
369# Cyprus
370# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
371Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S
372Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 -
373Rule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
374Rule Cyprus 1976 only - Oct 11 0:00 0 -
375Rule Cyprus 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
376Rule Cyprus 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 -
377Rule Cyprus 1978 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
378Rule Cyprus 1979 1997 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
379Rule Cyprus 1981 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
380# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
381Zone Asia/Nicosia 2:13:28 - LMT 1921 Nov 14
382 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep
383 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT
384# IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time.
385
386# Classically, Cyprus belongs to Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72.
387# However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe.
388Link Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia
389
390# Georgia
391# From Paul Eggert (1994-11-19):
392# Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward
393# an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze,
394# an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it!
395# We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall.
396#
397# From Mathew Englander, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04):
398# Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia
399# will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy,
400# President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday.
401#
402# From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27):
403#
404# Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday... The former Soviet
405# republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow. As a result it
406# is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours
407# ahead. The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia,
408# Mikhail Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process
409# of integration into Europe.
410
411# From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07):
412# Government of Georgia ... decided to NOT CHANGE daylight savings time on
413# [Oct.] 30, as it was done before during last more than 10 years.
414# Currently, we are in fact GMT +4:00, as before 30 October it was GMT
415# +3:00.... The problem is, there is NO FORMAL LAW or governmental document
416# about it. As far as I can find, I was told, that there is no document,
417# because we just DIDN'T ISSUE document about switching to winter time....
418# I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our
419# DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month.
420
421
422# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
423Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:16 - LMT 1880
424 2:59:16 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time
425 3:00 - TBIT 1957 Mar # Tbilisi Time
426 4:00 RussiaAsia TBI%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
427 3:00 1:00 TBIST 1991 Apr 9 # independence
428 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 1992 # Georgia Time
429 3:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1994 Sep lastSun
430 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1996 Oct lastSun
431 4:00 1:00 GEST 1997 Mar lastSun
432 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 2004 Jun 27
433 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 2005 Mar lastSun 2:00
434 4:00 - GET
435
436# East Timor
437
438# See Indonesia for the 1945 transition.
439
440# From Joao Carrascalao, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in
441# <a href="http://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm">
442# East Timor may be late for its millennium
443# </a> (1999-12-26/31):
444# Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun
445# rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the
446# Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it
447# conflicts with their way of life.
448
449# From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
450# We don't have any record of the above attempt.
451# Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data.
452
453# <a href="http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/last/00-08-16.undh.html">
454# From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General
455# (2000-08-16)</a>:
456# The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided
457# today to advance East Timor's time by one hour. The time change,
458# which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at
459# midnight on Saturday, September 16.
460
461# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
462Zone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912
463 8:00 - TLT 1942 Feb 21 23:00 # E Timor Time
464 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
465 9:00 - TLT 1976 May 3
466 8:00 - CIT 2000 Sep 17 00:00
467 9:00 - TLT
468
469# India
470# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
471Zone Asia/Kolkata 5:53:28 - LMT 1880 # Kolkata
472 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
473 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time
474 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
475 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15
476 5:30 - IST
477# The following are like Asia/Kolkata:
478# Andaman Is
479# Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is)
480# Nicobar Is
481
482# Indonesia
483#
484# From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger:
485# <http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime>
486# says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01. Looking at some
487# time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat
488# and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7.
489#
490# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-10):
491# Here is another correction to Shanks & Pottenger.
492# JohnTWB writes that Japanese forces did not surrender control in
493# Indonesia until 1945-09-01 00:00 at the earliest (in Jakarta) and
494# other formal surrender ceremonies were September 9, 11, and 13, plus
495# September 12 for the regional surrender to Mountbatten in Singapore.
496# These would be the earliest possible times for a change.
497# Regimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (Editions
498# Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched
499# from JST to UTC+07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura
500# (Hollandia). For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura
501# switched on 1945-09-23.
502#
503# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
504Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10
505# Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13,
506# but this must be a typo.
507 7:07:12 - JMT 1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Jakarta
508 7:20 - JAVT 1932 Nov # Java Time
509 7:30 - WIT 1942 Mar 23
510 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
511 7:30 - WIT 1948 May
512 8:00 - WIT 1950 May
513 7:30 - WIT 1964
514 7:00 - WIT
515Zone Asia/Pontianak 7:17:20 - LMT 1908 May
516 7:17:20 - PMT 1932 Nov # Pontianak MT
517 7:30 - WIT 1942 Jan 29
518 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
519 7:30 - WIT 1948 May
520 8:00 - WIT 1950 May
521 7:30 - WIT 1964
522 8:00 - CIT 1988 Jan 1
523 7:00 - WIT
524Zone Asia/Makassar 7:57:36 - LMT 1920
525 7:57:36 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar MT
526 8:00 - CIT 1942 Feb 9
527 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
528 8:00 - CIT
529Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov
530 9:00 - EIT 1944 Sep 1
531 9:30 - CST 1964
532 9:00 - EIT
533
534# Iran
535
536# From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15):
537# This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian).
538# The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine:
539#
540# Official Newspaper No. 13548-1370/6/25 [1991-09-16]
541# No. 16760/T233 H 1370/6/10 [1991-09-01]
542#
543# The Rule About Change of the Official Time of the Country
544#
545# The Board of Ministers, in the meeting dated 1370/5/23 [1991-08-14],
546# based on the suggestion number 2221/D dated 1370/4/22 [1991-07-13]
547# of the Country's Organization for Official and Employment Affairs,
548# and referring to the law for equating the working hours of workers
549# and officers in the whole country dated 1359/4/23 [1980-07-14], and
550# for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that:
551#
552# The official time of the country will should move forward one hour
553# at the 24[:00] hours of the first day of Farvardin and should return
554# to its previous state at the 24[:00] hours of the 30th day of
555# Shahrivar.
556#
557# First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi
558#
559# From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed
560# for at least the last 5 years. Before that, for a few years, the
561# date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last
562# Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates....
563# I have also changed the abbreviations to what is considered correct
564# here in Iran, IRST for regular time and IRDT for daylight saving time.
565#
566# From Roozbeh Pournader (2005-04-05):
567# The text of the Iranian law, in effect since 1925, clearly mentions
568# that the true solar year is the measure, and there is no arithmetic
569# leap year calculation involved. There has never been any serious
570# plan to change that law....
571#
572# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
573# Go with Shanks & Pottenger before Sept. 1991, and with Pournader thereafter.
574# I used Ed Reingold's cal-persia in GNU Emacs 21.2 to check Persian dates,
575# stopping after 2037 when 32-bit time_t's overflow.
576# That cal-persia used Birashk's approximation, which disagrees with the solar
577# calendar predictions for the year 2025, so I corrected those dates by hand.
578#
579# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future
580# discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar:
581# For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for
582# the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local
583# Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be
584# known exactly, amongst other factors. 2157 is even closer:
585# 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT. But the Gregorian year 2025 should give
586# no interpretation problem whatsoever. By the way, another instant
587# in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between
588# arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058:
589# vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT. The Java version of
590# Reingold's/Dershowitz' calculator gives correctly the Gregorian date
591# 2058-03-21 for 1 Farvardin 1437 (astronomical).
592#
593# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-03-22):
594# Several of my users have reported that Iran will not observe DST anymore:
595# http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-17/0603193812164948.htm
596#
597# From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper Norgaard Welen:
598# ... the Guardian Council ... approved a law on Sunday to re-introduce
599# daylight saving time ...
600# http://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKBLA65048420070916
601#
602# From Roozbeh Pournader (2007-11-05):
603# This is quoted from Official Gazette of the Islamic Republic of
604# Iran, Volume 63, Number 18242, dated Tuesday 1386/6/24
605# [2007-10-16]. I am doing the best translation I can:...
606# The official time of the country will be moved forward for one hour
607# on the 24 hours of the first day of the month of Farvardin and will
608# be changed back to its previous state on the 24 hours of the
609# thirtieth day of Shahrivar.
610#
611# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
612Rule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
613Rule Iran 1978 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 S
614Rule Iran 1979 only - Sep 19 0:00 0 S
615Rule Iran 1980 only - Sep 23 0:00 0 S
616Rule Iran 1991 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 D
617Rule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
618Rule Iran 1991 1995 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
619Rule Iran 1996 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
620Rule Iran 1996 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
621Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
622Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
623Rule Iran 2000 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
624Rule Iran 2000 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
625Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
626Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
627Rule Iran 2004 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
628Rule Iran 2004 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
629Rule Iran 2005 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
630Rule Iran 2005 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
631Rule Iran 2008 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
632Rule Iran 2008 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
633Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
634Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
635Rule Iran 2012 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
636Rule Iran 2012 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
637Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
638Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
639Rule Iran 2016 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
640Rule Iran 2016 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
641Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
642Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
643Rule Iran 2020 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
644Rule Iran 2020 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
645Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
646Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
647Rule Iran 2024 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
648Rule Iran 2024 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
649Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
650Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
651Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
652Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
653Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
654Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
655Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
656Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
657Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
658Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
659Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
660Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
661# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
662Zone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916
663 3:25:44 - TMT 1946 # Tehran Mean Time
664 3:30 - IRST 1977 Nov
665 4:00 Iran IR%sT 1979
666 3:30 Iran IR%sT
667
668
669# Iraq
670#
671# From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12):
672# An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in
673# the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph:
674# "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and
675# are an hour ahead of Baghdad."
676#
677# But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows:
678# In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi
679# Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time. They referred
680# to daylight saving as Saddam time. But, as of today, the time zone
681# in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq.
682#
683# So we'll ignore the Economist's claim.
684
685# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-10):
686# The cabinet in Iraq abolished DST last week, according to the following
687# news sources (in Arabic):
688# <a href="http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html">
689# http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html
690# </a>
691# <a href="http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10">
692# http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10
693# </a>
694#
695# We have published a short article in English about the change:
696# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html">
697# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html
698# </a>
699
700# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
701Rule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
702Rule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
703Rule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
704Rule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
705Rule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 S
706Rule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 D
707# IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the `:01' is a typo.
708# Shanks & Pottenger say Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997; ignore this.
709#
710Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 D
711Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Oct 1 3:00s 0 S
712# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
713Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890
714 2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time?
715 3:00 - AST 1982 May
716 3:00 Iraq A%sT
717
718
719###############################################################################
720
721# Israel
722
723# From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11):
724#
725# I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988. Until then there were three
726# different abbreviations in use:
727#
728# JST Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University]
729# IZT Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion]
730# EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else]
731#
732# Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities,
733# I ruled out JST. As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe,
734# EEST was equally unacceptable. Since "zonal" was not compatible with
735# any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go
736# and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone
737# settings in Israeli computers.
738#
739# In any case, I am happy to share timezone abbreviations with India,
740# high on my favorite-country list (and not only because my wife's
741# family is from India).
742
743# From Shanks & Pottenger:
744# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
745Rule Zion 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
746Rule Zion 1942 1944 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
747Rule Zion 1943 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
748Rule Zion 1944 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
749Rule Zion 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D
750Rule Zion 1945 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 S
751Rule Zion 1946 only - Apr 16 2:00 1:00 D
752Rule Zion 1946 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
753Rule Zion 1948 only - May 23 0:00 2:00 DD
754Rule Zion 1948 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D
755Rule Zion 1948 1949 - Nov 1 2:00 0 S
756Rule Zion 1949 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
757Rule Zion 1950 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D
758Rule Zion 1950 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 S
759Rule Zion 1951 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
760Rule Zion 1951 only - Nov 11 3:00 0 S
761Rule Zion 1952 only - Apr 20 2:00 1:00 D
762Rule Zion 1952 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 S
763Rule Zion 1953 only - Apr 12 2:00 1:00 D
764Rule Zion 1953 only - Sep 13 3:00 0 S
765Rule Zion 1954 only - Jun 13 0:00 1:00 D
766Rule Zion 1954 only - Sep 12 0:00 0 S
767Rule Zion 1955 only - Jun 11 2:00 1:00 D
768Rule Zion 1955 only - Sep 11 0:00 0 S
769Rule Zion 1956 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D
770Rule Zion 1956 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 S
771Rule Zion 1957 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 D
772Rule Zion 1957 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
773Rule Zion 1974 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 D
774Rule Zion 1974 only - Oct 13 0:00 0 S
775Rule Zion 1975 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 D
776Rule Zion 1975 only - Aug 31 0:00 0 S
777Rule Zion 1985 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 D
778Rule Zion 1985 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S
779Rule Zion 1986 only - May 18 0:00 1:00 D
780Rule Zion 1986 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S
781Rule Zion 1987 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D
782Rule Zion 1987 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
783Rule Zion 1988 only - Apr 9 0:00 1:00 D
784Rule Zion 1988 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
785
786# From Ephraim Silverberg
787# (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17, 2000-07-25, 2004-12-22,
788# and 2005-02-17):
789
790# According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of
791# Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes.
792# One thing is entrenched in law, however: that there must be at least 150
793# days of daylight savings time annually. From 1993-1998, the change to
794# daylight savings time was on a Friday morning from midnight IST to
795# 1 a.m IDT; up until 1998, the change back to standard time was on a
796# Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time to 11 p.m. standard
797# time. 1996 is an exception to this rule where the change back to standard
798# time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday night to avoid
799# conflicts with the Jewish New Year. In 1999, the change to
800# daylight savings time was still on a Friday morning but from
801# 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time
802# was also on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST for
803# 1999 only. In the year 2000, the change to daylight savings time was
804# similar to 1999, but although the change back will be on a Friday, it
805# will take place from 1 a.m. IDT to midnight IST. Starting in 2001, all
806# changes to/from will take place at 1 a.m. old time, but now there is no
807# rule as to what day of the week it will take place in as the start date
808# (except in 2003) is the night after the Passover Seder (i.e. the eve
809# of the 16th of Nisan in the lunar Hebrew calendar) and the end date
810# (except in 2002) is three nights before Yom Kippur [Day of Atonement]
811# (the eve of the 7th of Tishrei in the lunar Hebrew calendar).
812
813# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
814Rule Zion 1989 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D
815Rule Zion 1989 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
816Rule Zion 1990 only - Mar 25 0:00 1:00 D
817Rule Zion 1990 only - Aug 26 0:00 0 S
818Rule Zion 1991 only - Mar 24 0:00 1:00 D
819Rule Zion 1991 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 S
820Rule Zion 1992 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 D
821Rule Zion 1992 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S
822Rule Zion 1993 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 D
823Rule Zion 1993 only - Sep 5 0:00 0 S
824
825# The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the
826# Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel. The spokeswoman can be reached by
827# calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448.
828
829# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
830Rule Zion 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
831Rule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0 S
832Rule Zion 1995 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
833Rule Zion 1995 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
834
835# The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the
836# time, Haim Ramon. The official announcement regarding 1996-1998
837# (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at:
838#
839# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz
840#
841# The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa.
842#
843# The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at:
844#
845# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz
846#
847# where YYYY is the relevant year.
848
849# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
850Rule Zion 1996 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D
851Rule Zion 1996 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S
852Rule Zion 1997 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
853Rule Zion 1997 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S
854Rule Zion 1998 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 D
855Rule Zion 1998 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S
856Rule Zion 1999 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 D
857Rule Zion 1999 only - Sep 3 2:00 0 S
858
859# The Knesset Interior Committee has changed the dates for 2000 for
860# the third time in just over a year and have set new dates for the
861# years 2001-2004 as well.
862#
863# The official announcement for the start date of 2000 can be viewed at:
864#
865# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-start.ps.gz
866#
867# The official announcement for the end date of 2000 and the dates
868# for the years 2001-2004 can be viewed at:
869#
870# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2004.ps.gz
871
872# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
873Rule Zion 2000 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
874Rule Zion 2000 only - Oct 6 1:00 0 S
875Rule Zion 2001 only - Apr 9 1:00 1:00 D
876Rule Zion 2001 only - Sep 24 1:00 0 S
877Rule Zion 2002 only - Mar 29 1:00 1:00 D
878Rule Zion 2002 only - Oct 7 1:00 0 S
879Rule Zion 2003 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 D
880Rule Zion 2003 only - Oct 3 1:00 0 S
881Rule Zion 2004 only - Apr 7 1:00 1:00 D
882Rule Zion 2004 only - Sep 22 1:00 0 S
883
884# The proposed law agreed upon by the Knesset Interior Committee on
885# 2005-02-14 is that, for 2005 and beyond, DST starts at 02:00 the
886# last Friday before April 2nd (i.e. the last Friday in March or April
887# 1st itself if it falls on a Friday) and ends at 02:00 on the Saturday
888# night _before_ the fast of Yom Kippur.
889#
890# Those who can read Hebrew can view the announcement at:
891#
892# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2005+beyond.ps
893
894# From Paul Eggert (2005-02-22):
895# I used Ephraim Silverberg's dst-israel.el program
896# <ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/software/dst-israel.el> (2005-02-20)
897# along with Ed Reingold's cal-hebrew in GNU Emacs 21.4,
898# to generate the transitions in this list.
899# (I replaced "lastFri" with "Fri>=26" by hand.)
900# The spring transitions below all correspond to the following Rule:
901#
902# Rule Zion 2005 max - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
903#
904# but older zic implementations (e.g., Solaris 8) do not support
905# "Fri>=26" to mean April 1 in years like 2005, so for now we list the
906# springtime transitions explicitly.
907
908# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
909Rule Zion 2005 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
910Rule Zion 2005 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S
911Rule Zion 2006 2010 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
912Rule Zion 2006 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 S
913Rule Zion 2007 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S
914Rule Zion 2008 only - Oct 5 2:00 0 S
915Rule Zion 2009 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S
916Rule Zion 2010 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S
917Rule Zion 2011 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
918Rule Zion 2011 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S
919Rule Zion 2012 2015 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
920Rule Zion 2012 only - Sep 23 2:00 0 S
921Rule Zion 2013 only - Sep 8 2:00 0 S
922Rule Zion 2014 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S
923Rule Zion 2015 only - Sep 20 2:00 0 S
924Rule Zion 2016 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
925Rule Zion 2016 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S
926Rule Zion 2017 2021 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
927Rule Zion 2017 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S
928Rule Zion 2018 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S
929Rule Zion 2019 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S
930Rule Zion 2020 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S
931Rule Zion 2021 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S
932Rule Zion 2022 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
933Rule Zion 2022 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S
934Rule Zion 2023 2032 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
935Rule Zion 2023 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S
936Rule Zion 2024 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S
937Rule Zion 2025 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S
938Rule Zion 2026 only - Sep 20 2:00 0 S
939Rule Zion 2027 only - Oct 10 2:00 0 S
940Rule Zion 2028 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S
941Rule Zion 2029 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S
942Rule Zion 2030 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S
943Rule Zion 2031 only - Sep 21 2:00 0 S
944Rule Zion 2032 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S
945Rule Zion 2033 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
946Rule Zion 2033 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S
947Rule Zion 2034 2037 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
948Rule Zion 2034 only - Sep 17 2:00 0 S
949Rule Zion 2035 only - Oct 7 2:00 0 S
950Rule Zion 2036 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S
951Rule Zion 2037 only - Sep 13 2:00 0 S
952
953# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
954Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:56 - LMT 1880
955 2:20:40 - JMT 1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time?
956 2:00 Zion I%sT
957
958
959
960###############################################################################
961
962# Japan
963
964# `9:00' and `JST' is from Guy Harris.
965
966# From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06):
967# Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had
968# daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but ``the system was discontinued
969# because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours.''
970
971# From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times
972# <http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm>:
973# Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on
974# [1948-05-01].... But lack of prior debate and the execution of
975# daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated
976# deep hatred of the concept.... The Diet unceremoniously passed a bill to
977# dump the unpopular system in October 1951, less than a month after the San
978# Francisco Peace Treaty was signed. (A government poll in 1951 showed 53%
979# of the Japanese wanted to scrap daylight-saving time, as opposed to 30% who
980# wanted to keep it.)
981
982# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
983# Shanks & Pottenger write that DST in Japan during those years was as follows:
984# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
985Rule Japan 1948 only - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
986Rule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sat>=8 2:00 0 S
987Rule Japan 1949 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
988Rule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
989# but the only locations using it (for birth certificates, presumably, since
990# their audience is astrologers) were US military bases. For now, assume
991# that for most purposes daylight-saving time was observed; otherwise, what
992# would have been the point of the 1951 poll?
993
994# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09):
995# 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical
996# Observatory: E 139 44' 40".90 (9h 18m 58s.727), N 35 39' 16".0.
997# This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996'
998# edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan....
999# JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST).
1000# The law is enacted on 1886-07-07.
1001
1002# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16):
1003# The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan,
1004# which stands for the time on E 135 degree.
1005# In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central
1006# standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard
1007# time", which stands for the time on E 120 degree.... But "western standard
1008# time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No.
1009# 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is
1010# standard....
1011#
1012# I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate.
1013# In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor.
1014
1015# Shanks & Pottenger claim JST in use since 1896, and that a few
1016# places (e.g. Ishigaki) use +0800; go with Suzuki. Guess that all
1017# ordinances took effect on Jan 1.
1018
1019# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1020Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u
1021 9:00 - JST 1896
1022 9:00 - CJT 1938
1023 9:00 Japan J%sT
1024# Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo.
1025
1026# Jordan
1027#
1028# From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html">
1029# Jordan Week (1999-07-01) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
1030# Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight,
1031# in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time
1032# all year round.
1033#
1034# From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html">
1035# Jordan Week (1999-09-30) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09):
1036# Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back
1037# by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final!
1038# The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in
1039# government's departments from six to seven hours.
1040#
1041# From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
1042# Starting 2003 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
1043#
1044# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23):
1045# For Jordan I have received multiple independent user reports every year
1046# about DST end dates, as the end-rule is different every year.
1047#
1048# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-10-01), after a heads-up from Hilal Malawi:
1049# http://www.petranews.gov.jo/nepras/2006/Sep/05/4000.htm
1050# "Jordan will switch to winter time on Friday, October 27".
1051#
1052# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1053Rule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 S
1054Rule Jordan 1973 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1055Rule Jordan 1974 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1056Rule Jordan 1976 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
1057Rule Jordan 1977 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1058Rule Jordan 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
1059Rule Jordan 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
1060Rule Jordan 1985 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1061Rule Jordan 1985 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1062Rule Jordan 1986 1988 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
1063Rule Jordan 1986 1990 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
1064Rule Jordan 1989 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S
1065Rule Jordan 1990 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 S
1066Rule Jordan 1991 only - Apr 17 0:00 1:00 S
1067Rule Jordan 1991 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 -
1068Rule Jordan 1992 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S
1069Rule Jordan 1992 1993 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
1070Rule Jordan 1993 1998 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
1071Rule Jordan 1994 only - Sep Fri>=15 0:00 0 -
1072Rule Jordan 1995 1998 - Sep Fri>=15 0:00s 0 -
1073Rule Jordan 1999 only - Jul 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1074Rule Jordan 1999 2002 - Sep lastThu 0:00s 0 -
1075Rule Jordan 2000 max - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S
1076Rule Jordan 2003 only - Oct 24 0:00s 0 -
1077Rule Jordan 2004 only - Oct 15 0:00s 0 -
1078Rule Jordan 2005 only - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 -
1079Rule Jordan 2006 max - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 -
1080# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1081Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931
1082 2:00 Jordan EE%sT
1083
1084
1085# Kazakhstan
1086
1087# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
1088# Andrew Evtichov (1996-04-13) writes that Kazakhstan
1089# stayed in sync with Moscow after 1990, and that Aqtobe (formerly Aktyubinsk)
1090# and Aqtau (formerly Shevchenko) are the largest cities in their zones.
1091# Guess that Aqtau and Aqtobe diverged in 1995, since that's the first time
1092# IATA SSIM mentions a third time zone in Kazakhstan.
1093
1094# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1095# German Iofis, ELSI, Almaty (2001-10-09) reports that Kazakhstan uses
1096# RussiaAsia rules, instead of switching at 00:00 as the IATA has it.
1097# Go with Shanks & Pottenger, who have them always using RussiaAsia rules.
1098# Also go with the following claims of Shanks & Pottenger:
1099#
1100# - Kazakhstan did not observe DST in 1991.
1101# - Qyzylorda switched from +5:00 to +6:00 on 1992-01-19 02:00.
1102# - Oral switched from +5:00 to +4:00 in spring 1989.
1103
1104# <a href="http://www.kazsociety.org.uk/news/2005/03/30.htm">
1105# From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin #11 (2005-03-21):
1106# </a>
1107# The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing
1108# daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health
1109# complications coupled with a decrease in productivity.
1110#
1111# From Branislav Kojic (in Astana) via Gwillim Law (2005-06-28):
1112# ... what happened was that the former Kazakhstan Eastern time zone
1113# was "blended" with the Central zone. Therefore, Kazakhstan now has
1114# two time zones, and difference between them is one hour. The zone
1115# closer to UTC is the former Western zone (probably still called the
1116# same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqtobe, Atyrau,
1117# Mangghystau, and West Kazakhstan. The other zone encompasses
1118# everything else.... I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones
1119# de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively.
1120
1121#
1122# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1123#
1124# Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan
1125Zone Asia/Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Alma-Ata
1126 5:00 - ALMT 1930 Jun 21 # Alma-Ata Time
1127 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 1991
1128 6:00 - ALMT 1992
1129 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 2005 Mar 15
1130 6:00 - ALMT
1131# Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.)
1132Zone Asia/Qyzylorda 4:21:52 - LMT 1924 May 2
1133 4:00 - KIZT 1930 Jun 21 # Kizilorda Time
1134 5:00 - KIZT 1981 Apr 1
1135 5:00 1:00 KIZST 1981 Oct 1
1136 6:00 - KIZT 1982 Apr 1
1137 5:00 RussiaAsia KIZ%sT 1991
1138 5:00 - KIZT 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1139 5:00 - QYZT 1992 Jan 19 2:00
1140 6:00 RussiaAsia QYZ%sT 2005 Mar 15
1141 6:00 - QYZT
1142# Aqtobe (aka Aktobe, formerly Akt'ubinsk)
1143Zone Asia/Aqtobe 3:48:40 - LMT 1924 May 2
1144 4:00 - AKTT 1930 Jun 21 # Aktyubinsk Time
1145 5:00 - AKTT 1981 Apr 1
1146 5:00 1:00 AKTST 1981 Oct 1
1147 6:00 - AKTT 1982 Apr 1
1148 5:00 RussiaAsia AKT%sT 1991
1149 5:00 - AKTT 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1150 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Aqtobe Time
1151 5:00 - AQTT
1152# Mangghystau
1153# Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region,
1154# so include time stamps before 1963.
1155Zone Asia/Aqtau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May 2
1156 4:00 - FORT 1930 Jun 21 # Fort Shevchenko T
1157 5:00 - FORT 1963
1158 5:00 - SHET 1981 Oct 1 # Shevchenko Time
1159 6:00 - SHET 1982 Apr 1
1160 5:00 RussiaAsia SHE%sT 1991
1161 5:00 - SHET 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1162 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 1995 Mar lastSun 2:00 # Aqtau Time
1163 4:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15
1164 5:00 - AQTT
1165# West Kazakhstan
1166Zone Asia/Oral 3:25:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ural'sk
1167 4:00 - URAT 1930 Jun 21 # Ural'sk time
1168 5:00 - URAT 1981 Apr 1
1169 5:00 1:00 URAST 1981 Oct 1
1170 6:00 - URAT 1982 Apr 1
1171 5:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00
1172 4:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1991
1173 4:00 - URAT 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1174 4:00 RussiaAsia ORA%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Oral Time
1175 5:00 - ORAT
1176
1177# Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan)
1178# Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger.
1179
1180# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15):
1181# According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway
1182# <http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml>
1183# Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system. I take the article
1184# to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC.
1185# From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21):
1186# Our government cancels daylight saving time 6th of August 2005.
1187# From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving.
1188
1189# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1190Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Apr Sun>=7 0:00s 1:00 S
1191Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1192Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:30 1:00 S
1193Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2004 - Oct lastSun 2:30 0 -
1194# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1195Zone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
1196 5:00 - FRUT 1930 Jun 21 # Frunze Time
1197 6:00 RussiaAsia FRU%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1198 5:00 1:00 FRUST 1991 Aug 31 2:00 # independence
1199 5:00 Kyrgyz KG%sT 2005 Aug 12 # Kyrgyzstan Time
1200 6:00 - KGT
1201
1202###############################################################################
1203
1204# Korea (North and South)
1205
1206# From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10) in
1207# <http://www.koreaherald.co.kr/SITE/data/html_dir/2006/07/10/200607100012.asp>:
1208# The Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy has already
1209# commissioned a research project [to reintroduce DST] and has said
1210# the system may begin as early as 2008.... Korea ran a daylight
1211# saving program from 1949-61 but stopped it during the 1950-53 Korean War.
1212
1213# From Shanks & Pottenger:
1214# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1215Rule ROK 1960 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D
1216Rule ROK 1960 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
1217Rule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 D
1218Rule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
1219
1220# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1221Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1890
1222 8:30 - KST 1904 Dec
1223 9:00 - KST 1928
1224 8:30 - KST 1932
1225 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
1226 8:00 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10
1227 8:30 - KST 1968 Oct
1228 9:00 ROK K%sT
1229Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1890
1230 8:30 - KST 1904 Dec
1231 9:00 - KST 1928
1232 8:30 - KST 1932
1233 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
1234 8:00 - KST 1961 Aug 10
1235 9:00 - KST
1236
1237###############################################################################
1238
1239# Kuwait
1240# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1241# From the Arab Times (2007-03-14):
1242# The Civil Service Commission (CSC) has approved a proposal forwarded
1243# by MP Ahmad Baqer on implementing the daylight saving time (DST) in
1244# Kuwait starting from April until the end of Sept this year, reports Al-Anba.
1245# <http://www.arabtimesonline.com/arabtimes/kuwait/Viewdet.asp?ID=9950>.
1246# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29):
1247# We don't know the details, or whether the approval means it'll happen,
1248# so for now we assume no DST.
1249Zone Asia/Kuwait 3:11:56 - LMT 1950
1250 3:00 - AST
1251
1252# Laos
1253# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1254Zone Asia/Vientiane 6:50:24 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 # or Viangchan
1255 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
1256 7:00 - ICT 1912 May
1257 8:00 - ICT 1931 May
1258 7:00 - ICT
1259
1260# Lebanon
1261# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1262Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S
1263Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 -
1264Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
1265Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
1266Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
1267Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
1268Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S
1269Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
1270Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1271Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1272Rule Lebanon 1972 only - Jun 22 0:00 1:00 S
1273Rule Lebanon 1972 1977 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1274Rule Lebanon 1973 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1275Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
1276Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
1277Rule Lebanon 1984 1987 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1278Rule Lebanon 1984 1991 - Oct 16 0:00 0 -
1279Rule Lebanon 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
1280Rule Lebanon 1989 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
1281Rule Lebanon 1990 1992 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1282Rule Lebanon 1992 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
1283Rule Lebanon 1993 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
1284Rule Lebanon 1993 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1285Rule Lebanon 1999 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
1286# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1287Zone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880
1288 2:00 Lebanon EE%sT
1289
1290# Malaysia
1291# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1292Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 TS # one-Third Summer
1293Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 -
1294#
1295# peninsular Malaysia
1296# The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
1297# <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>.
1298# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1299Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
1300 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
1301 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time
1302 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1
1303 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1
1304 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16
1305 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
1306 7:30 - MALT 1982 Jan 1
1307 8:00 - MYT # Malaysia Time
1308# Sabah & Sarawak
1309# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1310# The data here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945 and 1982
1311# transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng.
1312# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1313Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar
1314 7:30 - BORT 1933 # Borneo Time
1315 8:00 NBorneo BOR%sT 1942 Feb 16
1316 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
1317 8:00 - BORT 1982 Jan 1
1318 8:00 - MYT
1319
1320# Maldives
1321# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1322Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Male
1323 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Male Mean Time
1324 5:00 - MVT # Maldives Time
1325
1326# Mongolia
1327
1328# Shanks & Pottenger say that Mongolia has three time zones, but
1329# usno1995 and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World (2005-03)
1330# both say that it has just one.
1331
1332# From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11):
1333# <a href="http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm">
1334# General Information Mongolia
1335# </a> (1999-09)
1336# "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of
1337# Bayan-Ulgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and
1338# the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus
1339# eight hours."
1340
1341# From Rives McDow (1999-12-13):
1342# Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998
1343# being the last year it was implemented. The dates of implementation I am
1344# unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time
1345# of implementation may have been different....
1346# Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time
1347# zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod,
1348# Suhbaatar, and possibly Khentij.
1349
1350# From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15):
1351# Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia.
1352# We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone;
1353# the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us,
1354# and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd
1355# is good enough for our purposes.
1356
1357# From Rives McDow (2001-05-13):
1358# In addition to Mongolia starting daylight savings as reported earlier
1359# (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28),
1360# there are three time zones.
1361#
1362# Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-ulgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai
1363# Provinces [at 8:00]: Khovsgol, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Tov,
1364# Bayankhongor, Ovorkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Omnogovi
1365# Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sukhbaatar
1366#
1367# [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.]
1368
1369# From Ganbold Ts., Ulaanbaatar (2004-04-17):
1370# Daylight saving occurs at 02:00 local time last Saturday of March.
1371# It will change back to normal at 02:00 local time last Saturday of
1372# September.... As I remember this rule was changed in 2001.
1373#
1374# From Paul Eggert (2004-04-17):
1375# For now, assume Rives McDow's informant got confused about Friday vs
1376# Saturday, and that his 2001 dates should have 1 added to them.
1377
1378# From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26):
1379# We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones.
1380# Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says
1381# there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft
1382# Windows XP as the source. Risto Nykanen (2005-05-16) reports that
1383# travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UTC+7, UTC+8) with no DST.
1384# Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in
1385# Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed.
1386# He also found
1387# <http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1&>
1388# which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius"
1389# (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones.
1390# The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT
1391# and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sukhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT.
1392# The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the
1393# parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session."
1394# For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation.
1395
1396# From Ganbold Ts. (2007-02-26):
1397# Parliament of Mongolia has just changed the daylight-saving rule in February.
1398# They decided not to adopt daylight-saving time....
1399# http://www.mongolnews.mn/index.php?module=unuudur&sec=view&id=15742
1400
1401# From Deborah Goldsmith (2008-03-30):
1402# We received a bug report claiming that the tz database UTC offset for
1403# Asia/Choibalsan (GMT+09:00) is incorrect, and that it should be GMT
1404# +08:00 instead. Different sources appear to disagree with the tz
1405# database on this, e.g.:
1406#
1407# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026">
1408# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026
1409# </a>
1410# <a href="http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx">
1411# http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx
1412# </a>
1413#
1414# both say GMT+08:00.
1415
1416# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-31):
1417# eznis airways, which operates several domestic flights, has a flight
1418# schedule here:
1419# <a href="http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112">
1420# http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112
1421# </a>
1422# (click the English flag for English)
1423#
1424# There it appears that flights between Choibalsan and Ulaanbatar arrive
1425# about 1:35 - 1:50 hours later in local clock time, no matter the
1426# direction, while Ulaanbaatar-Khvod takes 2 hours in the Eastern
1427# direction and 3:35 back, which indicates that Ulaanbatar and Khvod are
1428# in different time zones (like we know about), while Choibalsan and
1429# Ulaanbatar are in the same time zone (correction needed).
1430
1431# From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
1432# Assume that Choibalsan is indeed offset by 8:00.
1433# XXX--in the absence of better information, assume that transition
1434# was at the start of 2008-03-31 (the day of Steffen Thorsen's report);
1435# this is almost surely wrong.
1436
1437# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1438Rule Mongol 1983 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1439Rule Mongol 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1440# Shanks & Pottenger and IATA SSIM say 1990s switches occurred at 00:00,
1441# but McDow says the 2001 switches occurred at 02:00. Also, IATA SSIM
1442# (1996-09) says 1996-10-25. Go with Shanks & Pottenger through 1998.
1443#
1444# Shanks & Pottenger say that the Sept. 1984 through Sept. 1990 switches
1445# in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Sukhbaatar) took place
1446# at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00 local time as in the rest of
1447# the country. That would be odd, and possibly is a result of their
1448# correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly
1449# in the latest edition; so ignore it for now.
1450
1451Rule Mongol 1985 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
1452Rule Mongol 1984 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1453# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST.
1454Rule Mongol 2001 only - Apr lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
1455Rule Mongol 2001 2006 - Sep lastSat 2:00 0 -
1456Rule Mongol 2002 2006 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
1457
1458# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1459# Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta
1460Zone Asia/Hovd 6:06:36 - LMT 1905 Aug
1461 6:00 - HOVT 1978 # Hovd Time
1462 7:00 Mongol HOV%sT
1463# Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga
1464Zone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug
1465 7:00 - ULAT 1978 # Ulaanbaatar Time
1466 8:00 Mongol ULA%sT
1467# Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tuemen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan,
1468# Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan
1469Zone Asia/Choibalsan 7:38:00 - LMT 1905 Aug
1470 7:00 - ULAT 1978
1471 8:00 - ULAT 1983 Apr
1472 9:00 Mongol CHO%sT 2008 Mar 31 # Choibalsan Time
1473 8:00 Mongol CHO%sT
1474
1475# Nepal
1476# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1477Zone Asia/Katmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920
1478 5:30 - IST 1986
1479 5:45 - NPT # Nepal Time
1480
1481# Oman
1482# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1483Zone Asia/Muscat 3:54:20 - LMT 1920
1484 4:00 - GST
1485
1486# Pakistan
1487
1488# From Rives McDow (2002-03-13):
1489# I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a
1490# TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002
1491# and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002. This is what I was
1492# told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the
1493# 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on.
1494
1495# From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15):
1496# Jesper Norgaard found this URL:
1497# http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm
1498# (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to
1499# advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first
1500# Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on
1501# 15th October each year". This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00,
1502# but disagrees about the October transition, and makes it sound like
1503# it's not on a trial basis. Also, the "between the first Saturday
1504# and Sunday of April" phrase, if taken literally, means that the
1505# transition takes place at 00:00 on the first Sunday on or after 04-02.
1506
1507# From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09):
1508# DAWN <http://www.dawn.com/2002/10/06/top13.htm> reported on 2002-10-05
1509# that 2002 DST ended that day at midnight. Go with McDow for now.
1510
1511# From Steffen Thorsen (2003-03-14):
1512# According to http://www.dawn.com/2003/03/07/top15.htm
1513# there will be no DST in Pakistan this year:
1514#
1515# ISLAMABAD, March 6: Information and Media Development Minister Sheikh
1516# Rashid Ahmed on Thursday said the cabinet had reversed a previous
1517# decision to advance clocks by one hour in summer and put them back by
1518# one hour in winter with the aim of saving light hours and energy.
1519#
1520# The minister told a news conference that the experiment had rather
1521# shown 8 per cent higher consumption of electricity.
1522
1523# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-15):
1524#
1525# Here is an article that Pakistan plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time
1526# on June 1, 2008 for 3 months.
1527#
1528# "... The federal cabinet on Wednesday announced a new conservation plan to help
1529# reduce load shedding by approving the closure of commercial centres at 9pm and
1530# moving clocks forward by one hour for the next three months.
1531# ...."
1532#
1533# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html">
1534# http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html
1535# </a>
1536# OR
1537# <a href="http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4">
1538# http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4
1539# </a>
1540
1541# From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
1542# XXX--midnight transitions is a guess; 2008 only is a guess.
1543
| 2# <pre>
3
4# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
5# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
6# tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future).
7
8# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
9#
10# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
11# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
12# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
13#
14# Gwillim Law writes that a good source
15# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
16# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
17# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
18# of the IATA's data after 1990.
19#
20# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
21# entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
22#
23# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
24# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
25# I found in the UCLA library.
26#
27# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
28# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
29#
30# I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table;
31# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
32# Corrections are welcome!
33# std dst
34# LMT Local Mean Time
35# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time
36# 2:00 IST IDT Israel
37# 3:00 AST ADT Arabia*
38# 3:30 IRST IRDT Iran
39# 4:00 GST Gulf*
40# 5:30 IST India
41# 7:00 ICT Indochina*
42# 7:00 WIT west Indonesia
43# 8:00 CIT central Indonesia
44# 8:00 CST China
45# 9:00 CJT Central Japanese Time (1896/1937)*
46# 9:00 EIT east Indonesia
47# 9:00 JST JDT Japan
48# 9:00 KST KDT Korea
49# 9:30 CST (Australian) Central Standard Time
50#
51# See the `europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia.
52
53# From Guy Harris:
54# Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as
55# additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental
56# Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide -
57# Worldwide Edition). The names for time zones are guesses.
58
59###############################################################################
60
61# These rules are stolen from the `europe' file.
62# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
63Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
64Rule EUAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
65Rule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 -
66Rule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
67Rule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
68Rule E-EurAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
69Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
70Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
71Rule RussiaAsia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
72Rule RussiaAsia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
73Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S
74Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 -
75Rule RussiaAsia 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
76Rule RussiaAsia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
77Rule RussiaAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 -
78
79# Afghanistan
80# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
81Zone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890
82 4:00 - AFT 1945
83 4:30 - AFT
84
85# Armenia
86# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
87# Shanks & Pottenger have Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST)
88# in spring 1991, then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then
89# readopting Russian DST in 1997. Go with Shanks & Pottenger, even
90# when they disagree with others. Edgar Der-Danieliantz
91# reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST
92# in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995. IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that
93# Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991,
94# but started switching at 3:00s in 1998.
95# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
96Zone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2
97 3:00 - YERT 1957 Mar # Yerevan Time
98 4:00 RussiaAsia YER%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
99 3:00 1:00 YERST 1991 Sep 23 # independence
100 3:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 1995 Sep 24 2:00s
101 4:00 - AMT 1997
102 4:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT
103
104# Azerbaijan
105# From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23):
106# According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997
107# Resolution available at: http://aif.az/docs/daylight_res.pdf
108# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
109Rule Azer 1997 max - Mar lastSun 4:00 1:00 S
110Rule Azer 1997 max - Oct lastSun 5:00 0 -
111# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
112Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
113 3:00 - BAKT 1957 Mar # Baku Time
114 4:00 RussiaAsia BAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
115 3:00 1:00 BAKST 1991 Aug 30 # independence
116 3:00 RussiaAsia AZ%sT 1992 Sep lastSat 23:00
117 4:00 - AZT 1996 # Azerbaijan time
118 4:00 EUAsia AZ%sT 1997
119 4:00 Azer AZ%sT
120
121# Bahrain
122# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
123Zone Asia/Bahrain 3:22:20 - LMT 1920 # Al Manamah
124 4:00 - GST 1972 Jun
125 3:00 - AST
126
127# Bangladesh
128# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
129Zone Asia/Dhaka 6:01:40 - LMT 1890
130 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
131 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time
132 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
133 6:30 - BURT 1951 Sep 30
134 6:00 - DACT 1971 Mar 26 # Dacca Time
135 6:00 - BDT # Bangladesh Time
136
137# Bhutan
138# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
139Zone Asia/Thimphu 5:58:36 - LMT 1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu
140 5:30 - IST 1987 Oct
141 6:00 - BTT # Bhutan Time
142
143# British Indian Ocean Territory
144# Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the
145# 1997 and later maps say 6:00. Assume the switch occurred in 1996.
146# We have no information as to when standard time was introduced;
147# assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which
148# then contained the Chagos Archipelago).
149# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
150Zone Indian/Chagos 4:49:40 - LMT 1907
151 5:00 - IOT 1996 # BIOT Time
152 6:00 - IOT
153
154# Brunei
155# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
156Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan
157 7:30 - BNT 1933
158 8:00 - BNT
159
160# Burma / Myanmar
161# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
162Zone Asia/Rangoon 6:24:40 - LMT 1880 # or Yangon
163 6:24:36 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon Mean Time?
164 6:30 - BURT 1942 May # Burma Time
165 9:00 - JST 1945 May 3
166 6:30 - MMT # Myanmar Time
167
168# Cambodia
169# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
170Zone Asia/Phnom_Penh 6:59:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9
171 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
172 7:00 - ICT 1912 May
173 8:00 - ICT 1931 May
174 7:00 - ICT
175
176# China
177
178# From Guy Harris:
179# People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone.
180
181# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
182# No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though
183# China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the
184# Peking (Bejing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China
185# has two of 'em -- Peking's and Urumqi (named after the capital of
186# the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it.
187#
188# . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too
189# painful to suck in another copy.. So, here is what I have for
190# DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP):
191#
192# 1986 May 4 - Sept 14
193# 1987 mid-April - ??
194
195# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
196# CHINA 8 H AHEAD OF UTC ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN
197# CHINA 9 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 17 - SEP 10
198
199# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
200# Shanks & Pottenger write that China (except for Hong Kong and Macau)
201# has had a single time zone since 1980 May 1, observing summer DST
202# from 1986 through 1991; this contradicts Devine's
203# note about Time magazine, though apparently _something_ happened in 1986.
204# Go with Shanks & Pottenger for now. I made up names for the other
205# pre-1980 time zones.
206
207# From Shanks & Pottenger:
208# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
209Rule Shang 1940 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D
210Rule Shang 1940 1941 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
211Rule Shang 1941 only - Mar 16 0:00 1:00 D
212Rule PRC 1986 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 D
213Rule PRC 1986 1991 - Sep Sun>=11 0:00 0 S
214Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D
215
216# From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20):
217# BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five
218# historic timezones from some Taiwan websites. And yes, there are official
219# Chinese names for these locales (before 1949).
220#
221# From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-07-14):
222# I have investigated the timezones around 1970 on the
223# http://www.astro.com/atlas site [with provinces and county
224# boundaries summarized below].... A few other exceptions were two
225# counties on the Sichuan side of the Xizang-Sichuan border,
226# counties Dege and Baiyu which lies on the Sichuan side and are
227# therefore supposed to be GMT+7, Xizang region being GMT+6, but Dege
228# county is GMT+8 according to astro.com while Baiyu county is GMT+6
229# (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two
230# counties are mistakes in the astro.com data.
231
232# From Paul Eggert (2008-02-11):
233# I just now checked Google News for western news sources that talk
234# about China's single time zone, and couldn't find anything before 1986
235# talking about China being in one time zone. (That article was: Jim
236# Mann, "A clumsy embrace for another western custom: China on daylight
237# time--sort of", Los Angeles Times, 1986-05-05. By the way, this
238# article confirms the tz database's data claiming that China began
239# observing daylight saving time in 1986.
240#
241# From Thomas S. Mullaney (2008-02-11):
242# I think you're combining two subjects that need to treated
243# separately: daylight savings (which, you're correct, wasn't
244# implemented until the 1980s) and the unified time zone centered near
245# Beijing (which was implemented in 1949). Briefly, there was also a
246# "Lhasa Time" in Tibet and "Urumqi Time" in Xinjiang. The first was
247# ceased, and the second eventually recognized (again, in the 1980s).
248#
249# From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30):
250# There seems to be a good chance China switched to a single time zone in 1949
251# rather than in 1980 as Shanks & Pottenger have it, but we don't have a
252# reliable documentary source saying so yet, so for now we still go with
253# Shanks & Pottenger.
254
255# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
256# Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area)
257# Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin
258Zone Asia/Harbin 8:26:44 - LMT 1928 # or Haerbin
259 8:30 - CHAT 1932 Mar # Changbai Time
260 8:00 - CST 1940
261 9:00 - CHAT 1966 May
262 8:30 - CHAT 1980 May
263 8:00 PRC C%sT
264# Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time")
265# most of China
266Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:52 - LMT 1928
267 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949
268 8:00 PRC C%sT
269# Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area)
270# Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan;
271# most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; west Qinghai; and the Guangdong
272# counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing,
273# Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu.
274Zone Asia/Chongqing 7:06:20 - LMT 1928 # or Chungking
275 7:00 - LONT 1980 May # Long-shu Time
276 8:00 PRC C%sT
277# Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time")
278# The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai;
279# the Guangdong counties Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang,
280# Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi;
281# east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi;
282# east Xinjiang, including Urumqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe,
283# Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin,
284# Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami,
285# Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan.
286Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928 # or Urumchi
287 6:00 - URUT 1980 May # Urumqi Time
288 8:00 PRC C%sT
289# Kunlun Time
290# West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule;
291# West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke,
292# Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding,
293# and Yarkand.
294Zone Asia/Kashgar 5:03:56 - LMT 1928 # or Kashi or Kaxgar
295 5:30 - KAST 1940 # Kashgar Time
296 5:00 - KAST 1980 May
297 8:00 PRC C%sT
298
299# Hong Kong (Xianggang)
300# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
301Rule HK 1946 only - Apr 20 3:30 1:00 S
302Rule HK 1946 only - Dec 1 3:30 0 -
303Rule HK 1947 only - Apr 13 3:30 1:00 S
304Rule HK 1947 only - Dec 30 3:30 0 -
305Rule HK 1948 only - May 2 3:30 1:00 S
306Rule HK 1948 1952 - Oct lastSun 3:30 0 -
307Rule HK 1949 1953 - Apr Sun>=1 3:30 1:00 S
308Rule HK 1953 only - Nov 1 3:30 0 -
309Rule HK 1954 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 3:30 1:00 S
310Rule HK 1954 only - Oct 31 3:30 0 -
311Rule HK 1955 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 -
312Rule HK 1965 1977 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
313Rule HK 1965 1977 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
314Rule HK 1979 1980 - May Sun>=8 3:30 1:00 S
315Rule HK 1979 1980 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
316# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
317Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:36 - LMT 1904 Oct 30
318 8:00 HK HK%sT
319
320
321###############################################################################
322
323# Taiwan
324
325# Shanks & Pottenger write that Taiwan observed DST during 1945, when it
326# was still controlled by Japan. This is hard to believe, but we don't
327# have any other information.
328
329# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
330Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
331Rule Taiwan 1945 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
332Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D
333Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
334Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
335Rule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
336Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
337Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
338Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
339Rule Taiwan 1980 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 D
340Rule Taiwan 1980 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S
341# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
342Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 # or Taibei or T'ai-pei
343 8:00 Taiwan C%sT
344
345# Macau (Macao, Aomen)
346# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
347Rule Macau 1961 1962 - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
348Rule Macau 1961 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 -
349Rule Macau 1963 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
350Rule Macau 1964 only - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
351Rule Macau 1965 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S
352Rule Macau 1965 only - Oct 31 0:00 0 -
353Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S
354Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 -
355Rule Macau 1972 1974 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
356Rule Macau 1972 1973 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
357Rule Macau 1974 1977 - Oct Sun>=15 3:30 0 -
358Rule Macau 1975 1977 - Apr Sun>=15 3:30 1:00 S
359Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S
360Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 -
361# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
362Zone Asia/Macau 7:34:20 - LMT 1912
363 8:00 Macau MO%sT 1999 Dec 20 # return to China
364 8:00 PRC C%sT
365
366
367###############################################################################
368
369# Cyprus
370# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
371Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S
372Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 -
373Rule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S
374Rule Cyprus 1976 only - Oct 11 0:00 0 -
375Rule Cyprus 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S
376Rule Cyprus 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 -
377Rule Cyprus 1978 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 -
378Rule Cyprus 1979 1997 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
379Rule Cyprus 1981 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
380# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
381Zone Asia/Nicosia 2:13:28 - LMT 1921 Nov 14
382 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep
383 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT
384# IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time.
385
386# Classically, Cyprus belongs to Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72.
387# However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe.
388Link Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia
389
390# Georgia
391# From Paul Eggert (1994-11-19):
392# Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward
393# an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze,
394# an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it!
395# We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall.
396#
397# From Mathew Englander, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04):
398# Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia
399# will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy,
400# President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday.
401#
402# From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27):
403#
404# Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday... The former Soviet
405# republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow. As a result it
406# is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours
407# ahead. The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia,
408# Mikhail Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process
409# of integration into Europe.
410
411# From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07):
412# Government of Georgia ... decided to NOT CHANGE daylight savings time on
413# [Oct.] 30, as it was done before during last more than 10 years.
414# Currently, we are in fact GMT +4:00, as before 30 October it was GMT
415# +3:00.... The problem is, there is NO FORMAL LAW or governmental document
416# about it. As far as I can find, I was told, that there is no document,
417# because we just DIDN'T ISSUE document about switching to winter time....
418# I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our
419# DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month.
420
421
422# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
423Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:16 - LMT 1880
424 2:59:16 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time
425 3:00 - TBIT 1957 Mar # Tbilisi Time
426 4:00 RussiaAsia TBI%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
427 3:00 1:00 TBIST 1991 Apr 9 # independence
428 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 1992 # Georgia Time
429 3:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1994 Sep lastSun
430 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1996 Oct lastSun
431 4:00 1:00 GEST 1997 Mar lastSun
432 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 2004 Jun 27
433 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 2005 Mar lastSun 2:00
434 4:00 - GET
435
436# East Timor
437
438# See Indonesia for the 1945 transition.
439
440# From Joao Carrascalao, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in
441# <a href="http://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm">
442# East Timor may be late for its millennium
443# </a> (1999-12-26/31):
444# Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun
445# rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the
446# Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it
447# conflicts with their way of life.
448
449# From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
450# We don't have any record of the above attempt.
451# Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data.
452
453# <a href="http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/last/00-08-16.undh.html">
454# From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General
455# (2000-08-16)</a>:
456# The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided
457# today to advance East Timor's time by one hour. The time change,
458# which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at
459# midnight on Saturday, September 16.
460
461# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
462Zone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912
463 8:00 - TLT 1942 Feb 21 23:00 # E Timor Time
464 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
465 9:00 - TLT 1976 May 3
466 8:00 - CIT 2000 Sep 17 00:00
467 9:00 - TLT
468
469# India
470# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
471Zone Asia/Kolkata 5:53:28 - LMT 1880 # Kolkata
472 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time?
473 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time
474 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep
475 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15
476 5:30 - IST
477# The following are like Asia/Kolkata:
478# Andaman Is
479# Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is)
480# Nicobar Is
481
482# Indonesia
483#
484# From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger:
485# <http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime>
486# says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01. Looking at some
487# time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat
488# and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7.
489#
490# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-10):
491# Here is another correction to Shanks & Pottenger.
492# JohnTWB writes that Japanese forces did not surrender control in
493# Indonesia until 1945-09-01 00:00 at the earliest (in Jakarta) and
494# other formal surrender ceremonies were September 9, 11, and 13, plus
495# September 12 for the regional surrender to Mountbatten in Singapore.
496# These would be the earliest possible times for a change.
497# Regimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (Editions
498# Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched
499# from JST to UTC+07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura
500# (Hollandia). For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura
501# switched on 1945-09-23.
502#
503# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
504Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10
505# Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13,
506# but this must be a typo.
507 7:07:12 - JMT 1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Jakarta
508 7:20 - JAVT 1932 Nov # Java Time
509 7:30 - WIT 1942 Mar 23
510 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
511 7:30 - WIT 1948 May
512 8:00 - WIT 1950 May
513 7:30 - WIT 1964
514 7:00 - WIT
515Zone Asia/Pontianak 7:17:20 - LMT 1908 May
516 7:17:20 - PMT 1932 Nov # Pontianak MT
517 7:30 - WIT 1942 Jan 29
518 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
519 7:30 - WIT 1948 May
520 8:00 - WIT 1950 May
521 7:30 - WIT 1964
522 8:00 - CIT 1988 Jan 1
523 7:00 - WIT
524Zone Asia/Makassar 7:57:36 - LMT 1920
525 7:57:36 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar MT
526 8:00 - CIT 1942 Feb 9
527 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23
528 8:00 - CIT
529Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov
530 9:00 - EIT 1944 Sep 1
531 9:30 - CST 1964
532 9:00 - EIT
533
534# Iran
535
536# From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15):
537# This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian).
538# The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine:
539#
540# Official Newspaper No. 13548-1370/6/25 [1991-09-16]
541# No. 16760/T233 H 1370/6/10 [1991-09-01]
542#
543# The Rule About Change of the Official Time of the Country
544#
545# The Board of Ministers, in the meeting dated 1370/5/23 [1991-08-14],
546# based on the suggestion number 2221/D dated 1370/4/22 [1991-07-13]
547# of the Country's Organization for Official and Employment Affairs,
548# and referring to the law for equating the working hours of workers
549# and officers in the whole country dated 1359/4/23 [1980-07-14], and
550# for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that:
551#
552# The official time of the country will should move forward one hour
553# at the 24[:00] hours of the first day of Farvardin and should return
554# to its previous state at the 24[:00] hours of the 30th day of
555# Shahrivar.
556#
557# First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi
558#
559# From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed
560# for at least the last 5 years. Before that, for a few years, the
561# date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last
562# Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates....
563# I have also changed the abbreviations to what is considered correct
564# here in Iran, IRST for regular time and IRDT for daylight saving time.
565#
566# From Roozbeh Pournader (2005-04-05):
567# The text of the Iranian law, in effect since 1925, clearly mentions
568# that the true solar year is the measure, and there is no arithmetic
569# leap year calculation involved. There has never been any serious
570# plan to change that law....
571#
572# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
573# Go with Shanks & Pottenger before Sept. 1991, and with Pournader thereafter.
574# I used Ed Reingold's cal-persia in GNU Emacs 21.2 to check Persian dates,
575# stopping after 2037 when 32-bit time_t's overflow.
576# That cal-persia used Birashk's approximation, which disagrees with the solar
577# calendar predictions for the year 2025, so I corrected those dates by hand.
578#
579# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future
580# discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar:
581# For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for
582# the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local
583# Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be
584# known exactly, amongst other factors. 2157 is even closer:
585# 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT. But the Gregorian year 2025 should give
586# no interpretation problem whatsoever. By the way, another instant
587# in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between
588# arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058:
589# vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT. The Java version of
590# Reingold's/Dershowitz' calculator gives correctly the Gregorian date
591# 2058-03-21 for 1 Farvardin 1437 (astronomical).
592#
593# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-03-22):
594# Several of my users have reported that Iran will not observe DST anymore:
595# http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-17/0603193812164948.htm
596#
597# From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper Norgaard Welen:
598# ... the Guardian Council ... approved a law on Sunday to re-introduce
599# daylight saving time ...
600# http://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKBLA65048420070916
601#
602# From Roozbeh Pournader (2007-11-05):
603# This is quoted from Official Gazette of the Islamic Republic of
604# Iran, Volume 63, Number 18242, dated Tuesday 1386/6/24
605# [2007-10-16]. I am doing the best translation I can:...
606# The official time of the country will be moved forward for one hour
607# on the 24 hours of the first day of the month of Farvardin and will
608# be changed back to its previous state on the 24 hours of the
609# thirtieth day of Shahrivar.
610#
611# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
612Rule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
613Rule Iran 1978 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 S
614Rule Iran 1979 only - Sep 19 0:00 0 S
615Rule Iran 1980 only - Sep 23 0:00 0 S
616Rule Iran 1991 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 D
617Rule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
618Rule Iran 1991 1995 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
619Rule Iran 1996 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
620Rule Iran 1996 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
621Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
622Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
623Rule Iran 2000 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
624Rule Iran 2000 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
625Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
626Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
627Rule Iran 2004 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
628Rule Iran 2004 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
629Rule Iran 2005 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
630Rule Iran 2005 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
631Rule Iran 2008 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
632Rule Iran 2008 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
633Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
634Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
635Rule Iran 2012 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
636Rule Iran 2012 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
637Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
638Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
639Rule Iran 2016 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
640Rule Iran 2016 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
641Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
642Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
643Rule Iran 2020 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
644Rule Iran 2020 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
645Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
646Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
647Rule Iran 2024 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
648Rule Iran 2024 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
649Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
650Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
651Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
652Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
653Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
654Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
655Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
656Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
657Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D
658Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
659Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
660Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S
661# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
662Zone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916
663 3:25:44 - TMT 1946 # Tehran Mean Time
664 3:30 - IRST 1977 Nov
665 4:00 Iran IR%sT 1979
666 3:30 Iran IR%sT
667
668
669# Iraq
670#
671# From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12):
672# An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in
673# the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph:
674# "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and
675# are an hour ahead of Baghdad."
676#
677# But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows:
678# In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi
679# Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time. They referred
680# to daylight saving as Saddam time. But, as of today, the time zone
681# in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq.
682#
683# So we'll ignore the Economist's claim.
684
685# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-10):
686# The cabinet in Iraq abolished DST last week, according to the following
687# news sources (in Arabic):
688# <a href="http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html">
689# http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html
690# </a>
691# <a href="http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10">
692# http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10
693# </a>
694#
695# We have published a short article in English about the change:
696# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html">
697# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html
698# </a>
699
700# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
701Rule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
702Rule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S
703Rule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
704Rule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
705Rule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 S
706Rule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 D
707# IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the `:01' is a typo.
708# Shanks & Pottenger say Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997; ignore this.
709#
710Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 D
711Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Oct 1 3:00s 0 S
712# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
713Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890
714 2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time?
715 3:00 - AST 1982 May
716 3:00 Iraq A%sT
717
718
719###############################################################################
720
721# Israel
722
723# From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11):
724#
725# I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988. Until then there were three
726# different abbreviations in use:
727#
728# JST Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University]
729# IZT Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion]
730# EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else]
731#
732# Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities,
733# I ruled out JST. As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe,
734# EEST was equally unacceptable. Since "zonal" was not compatible with
735# any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go
736# and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone
737# settings in Israeli computers.
738#
739# In any case, I am happy to share timezone abbreviations with India,
740# high on my favorite-country list (and not only because my wife's
741# family is from India).
742
743# From Shanks & Pottenger:
744# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
745Rule Zion 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D
746Rule Zion 1942 1944 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
747Rule Zion 1943 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
748Rule Zion 1944 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
749Rule Zion 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D
750Rule Zion 1945 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 S
751Rule Zion 1946 only - Apr 16 2:00 1:00 D
752Rule Zion 1946 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S
753Rule Zion 1948 only - May 23 0:00 2:00 DD
754Rule Zion 1948 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D
755Rule Zion 1948 1949 - Nov 1 2:00 0 S
756Rule Zion 1949 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D
757Rule Zion 1950 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D
758Rule Zion 1950 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 S
759Rule Zion 1951 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
760Rule Zion 1951 only - Nov 11 3:00 0 S
761Rule Zion 1952 only - Apr 20 2:00 1:00 D
762Rule Zion 1952 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 S
763Rule Zion 1953 only - Apr 12 2:00 1:00 D
764Rule Zion 1953 only - Sep 13 3:00 0 S
765Rule Zion 1954 only - Jun 13 0:00 1:00 D
766Rule Zion 1954 only - Sep 12 0:00 0 S
767Rule Zion 1955 only - Jun 11 2:00 1:00 D
768Rule Zion 1955 only - Sep 11 0:00 0 S
769Rule Zion 1956 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D
770Rule Zion 1956 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 S
771Rule Zion 1957 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 D
772Rule Zion 1957 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S
773Rule Zion 1974 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 D
774Rule Zion 1974 only - Oct 13 0:00 0 S
775Rule Zion 1975 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 D
776Rule Zion 1975 only - Aug 31 0:00 0 S
777Rule Zion 1985 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 D
778Rule Zion 1985 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S
779Rule Zion 1986 only - May 18 0:00 1:00 D
780Rule Zion 1986 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S
781Rule Zion 1987 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D
782Rule Zion 1987 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
783Rule Zion 1988 only - Apr 9 0:00 1:00 D
784Rule Zion 1988 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
785
786# From Ephraim Silverberg
787# (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17, 2000-07-25, 2004-12-22,
788# and 2005-02-17):
789
790# According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of
791# Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes.
792# One thing is entrenched in law, however: that there must be at least 150
793# days of daylight savings time annually. From 1993-1998, the change to
794# daylight savings time was on a Friday morning from midnight IST to
795# 1 a.m IDT; up until 1998, the change back to standard time was on a
796# Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time to 11 p.m. standard
797# time. 1996 is an exception to this rule where the change back to standard
798# time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday night to avoid
799# conflicts with the Jewish New Year. In 1999, the change to
800# daylight savings time was still on a Friday morning but from
801# 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time
802# was also on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST for
803# 1999 only. In the year 2000, the change to daylight savings time was
804# similar to 1999, but although the change back will be on a Friday, it
805# will take place from 1 a.m. IDT to midnight IST. Starting in 2001, all
806# changes to/from will take place at 1 a.m. old time, but now there is no
807# rule as to what day of the week it will take place in as the start date
808# (except in 2003) is the night after the Passover Seder (i.e. the eve
809# of the 16th of Nisan in the lunar Hebrew calendar) and the end date
810# (except in 2002) is three nights before Yom Kippur [Day of Atonement]
811# (the eve of the 7th of Tishrei in the lunar Hebrew calendar).
812
813# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
814Rule Zion 1989 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D
815Rule Zion 1989 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
816Rule Zion 1990 only - Mar 25 0:00 1:00 D
817Rule Zion 1990 only - Aug 26 0:00 0 S
818Rule Zion 1991 only - Mar 24 0:00 1:00 D
819Rule Zion 1991 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 S
820Rule Zion 1992 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 D
821Rule Zion 1992 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S
822Rule Zion 1993 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 D
823Rule Zion 1993 only - Sep 5 0:00 0 S
824
825# The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the
826# Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel. The spokeswoman can be reached by
827# calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448.
828
829# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
830Rule Zion 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D
831Rule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0 S
832Rule Zion 1995 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D
833Rule Zion 1995 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S
834
835# The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the
836# time, Haim Ramon. The official announcement regarding 1996-1998
837# (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at:
838#
839# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz
840#
841# The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa.
842#
843# The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at:
844#
845# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz
846#
847# where YYYY is the relevant year.
848
849# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
850Rule Zion 1996 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D
851Rule Zion 1996 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S
852Rule Zion 1997 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D
853Rule Zion 1997 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S
854Rule Zion 1998 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 D
855Rule Zion 1998 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S
856Rule Zion 1999 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 D
857Rule Zion 1999 only - Sep 3 2:00 0 S
858
859# The Knesset Interior Committee has changed the dates for 2000 for
860# the third time in just over a year and have set new dates for the
861# years 2001-2004 as well.
862#
863# The official announcement for the start date of 2000 can be viewed at:
864#
865# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-start.ps.gz
866#
867# The official announcement for the end date of 2000 and the dates
868# for the years 2001-2004 can be viewed at:
869#
870# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2004.ps.gz
871
872# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
873Rule Zion 2000 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D
874Rule Zion 2000 only - Oct 6 1:00 0 S
875Rule Zion 2001 only - Apr 9 1:00 1:00 D
876Rule Zion 2001 only - Sep 24 1:00 0 S
877Rule Zion 2002 only - Mar 29 1:00 1:00 D
878Rule Zion 2002 only - Oct 7 1:00 0 S
879Rule Zion 2003 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 D
880Rule Zion 2003 only - Oct 3 1:00 0 S
881Rule Zion 2004 only - Apr 7 1:00 1:00 D
882Rule Zion 2004 only - Sep 22 1:00 0 S
883
884# The proposed law agreed upon by the Knesset Interior Committee on
885# 2005-02-14 is that, for 2005 and beyond, DST starts at 02:00 the
886# last Friday before April 2nd (i.e. the last Friday in March or April
887# 1st itself if it falls on a Friday) and ends at 02:00 on the Saturday
888# night _before_ the fast of Yom Kippur.
889#
890# Those who can read Hebrew can view the announcement at:
891#
892# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2005+beyond.ps
893
894# From Paul Eggert (2005-02-22):
895# I used Ephraim Silverberg's dst-israel.el program
896# <ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/software/dst-israel.el> (2005-02-20)
897# along with Ed Reingold's cal-hebrew in GNU Emacs 21.4,
898# to generate the transitions in this list.
899# (I replaced "lastFri" with "Fri>=26" by hand.)
900# The spring transitions below all correspond to the following Rule:
901#
902# Rule Zion 2005 max - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
903#
904# but older zic implementations (e.g., Solaris 8) do not support
905# "Fri>=26" to mean April 1 in years like 2005, so for now we list the
906# springtime transitions explicitly.
907
908# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
909Rule Zion 2005 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
910Rule Zion 2005 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S
911Rule Zion 2006 2010 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
912Rule Zion 2006 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 S
913Rule Zion 2007 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S
914Rule Zion 2008 only - Oct 5 2:00 0 S
915Rule Zion 2009 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S
916Rule Zion 2010 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S
917Rule Zion 2011 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
918Rule Zion 2011 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S
919Rule Zion 2012 2015 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
920Rule Zion 2012 only - Sep 23 2:00 0 S
921Rule Zion 2013 only - Sep 8 2:00 0 S
922Rule Zion 2014 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S
923Rule Zion 2015 only - Sep 20 2:00 0 S
924Rule Zion 2016 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
925Rule Zion 2016 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S
926Rule Zion 2017 2021 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
927Rule Zion 2017 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S
928Rule Zion 2018 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S
929Rule Zion 2019 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S
930Rule Zion 2020 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S
931Rule Zion 2021 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S
932Rule Zion 2022 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
933Rule Zion 2022 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S
934Rule Zion 2023 2032 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
935Rule Zion 2023 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S
936Rule Zion 2024 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S
937Rule Zion 2025 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S
938Rule Zion 2026 only - Sep 20 2:00 0 S
939Rule Zion 2027 only - Oct 10 2:00 0 S
940Rule Zion 2028 only - Sep 24 2:00 0 S
941Rule Zion 2029 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S
942Rule Zion 2030 only - Oct 6 2:00 0 S
943Rule Zion 2031 only - Sep 21 2:00 0 S
944Rule Zion 2032 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S
945Rule Zion 2033 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D
946Rule Zion 2033 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S
947Rule Zion 2034 2037 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D
948Rule Zion 2034 only - Sep 17 2:00 0 S
949Rule Zion 2035 only - Oct 7 2:00 0 S
950Rule Zion 2036 only - Sep 28 2:00 0 S
951Rule Zion 2037 only - Sep 13 2:00 0 S
952
953# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
954Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:56 - LMT 1880
955 2:20:40 - JMT 1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time?
956 2:00 Zion I%sT
957
958
959
960###############################################################################
961
962# Japan
963
964# `9:00' and `JST' is from Guy Harris.
965
966# From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06):
967# Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had
968# daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but ``the system was discontinued
969# because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours.''
970
971# From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times
972# <http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm>:
973# Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on
974# [1948-05-01].... But lack of prior debate and the execution of
975# daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated
976# deep hatred of the concept.... The Diet unceremoniously passed a bill to
977# dump the unpopular system in October 1951, less than a month after the San
978# Francisco Peace Treaty was signed. (A government poll in 1951 showed 53%
979# of the Japanese wanted to scrap daylight-saving time, as opposed to 30% who
980# wanted to keep it.)
981
982# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
983# Shanks & Pottenger write that DST in Japan during those years was as follows:
984# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
985Rule Japan 1948 only - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
986Rule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sat>=8 2:00 0 S
987Rule Japan 1949 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
988Rule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D
989# but the only locations using it (for birth certificates, presumably, since
990# their audience is astrologers) were US military bases. For now, assume
991# that for most purposes daylight-saving time was observed; otherwise, what
992# would have been the point of the 1951 poll?
993
994# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09):
995# 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical
996# Observatory: E 139 44' 40".90 (9h 18m 58s.727), N 35 39' 16".0.
997# This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996'
998# edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan....
999# JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST).
1000# The law is enacted on 1886-07-07.
1001
1002# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16):
1003# The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan,
1004# which stands for the time on E 135 degree.
1005# In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central
1006# standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard
1007# time", which stands for the time on E 120 degree.... But "western standard
1008# time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No.
1009# 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is
1010# standard....
1011#
1012# I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate.
1013# In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor.
1014
1015# Shanks & Pottenger claim JST in use since 1896, and that a few
1016# places (e.g. Ishigaki) use +0800; go with Suzuki. Guess that all
1017# ordinances took effect on Jan 1.
1018
1019# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1020Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u
1021 9:00 - JST 1896
1022 9:00 - CJT 1938
1023 9:00 Japan J%sT
1024# Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo.
1025
1026# Jordan
1027#
1028# From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html">
1029# Jordan Week (1999-07-01) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
1030# Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight,
1031# in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time
1032# all year round.
1033#
1034# From <a href="http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html">
1035# Jordan Week (1999-09-30) </a> via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09):
1036# Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back
1037# by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final!
1038# The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in
1039# government's departments from six to seven hours.
1040#
1041# From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
1042# Starting 2003 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
1043#
1044# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23):
1045# For Jordan I have received multiple independent user reports every year
1046# about DST end dates, as the end-rule is different every year.
1047#
1048# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-10-01), after a heads-up from Hilal Malawi:
1049# http://www.petranews.gov.jo/nepras/2006/Sep/05/4000.htm
1050# "Jordan will switch to winter time on Friday, October 27".
1051#
1052# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1053Rule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 S
1054Rule Jordan 1973 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1055Rule Jordan 1974 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1056Rule Jordan 1976 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
1057Rule Jordan 1977 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1058Rule Jordan 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
1059Rule Jordan 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
1060Rule Jordan 1985 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1061Rule Jordan 1985 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1062Rule Jordan 1986 1988 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
1063Rule Jordan 1986 1990 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
1064Rule Jordan 1989 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S
1065Rule Jordan 1990 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 S
1066Rule Jordan 1991 only - Apr 17 0:00 1:00 S
1067Rule Jordan 1991 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 -
1068Rule Jordan 1992 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S
1069Rule Jordan 1992 1993 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 -
1070Rule Jordan 1993 1998 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S
1071Rule Jordan 1994 only - Sep Fri>=15 0:00 0 -
1072Rule Jordan 1995 1998 - Sep Fri>=15 0:00s 0 -
1073Rule Jordan 1999 only - Jul 1 0:00s 1:00 S
1074Rule Jordan 1999 2002 - Sep lastThu 0:00s 0 -
1075Rule Jordan 2000 max - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S
1076Rule Jordan 2003 only - Oct 24 0:00s 0 -
1077Rule Jordan 2004 only - Oct 15 0:00s 0 -
1078Rule Jordan 2005 only - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 -
1079Rule Jordan 2006 max - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 -
1080# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1081Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931
1082 2:00 Jordan EE%sT
1083
1084
1085# Kazakhstan
1086
1087# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
1088# Andrew Evtichov (1996-04-13) writes that Kazakhstan
1089# stayed in sync with Moscow after 1990, and that Aqtobe (formerly Aktyubinsk)
1090# and Aqtau (formerly Shevchenko) are the largest cities in their zones.
1091# Guess that Aqtau and Aqtobe diverged in 1995, since that's the first time
1092# IATA SSIM mentions a third time zone in Kazakhstan.
1093
1094# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1095# German Iofis, ELSI, Almaty (2001-10-09) reports that Kazakhstan uses
1096# RussiaAsia rules, instead of switching at 00:00 as the IATA has it.
1097# Go with Shanks & Pottenger, who have them always using RussiaAsia rules.
1098# Also go with the following claims of Shanks & Pottenger:
1099#
1100# - Kazakhstan did not observe DST in 1991.
1101# - Qyzylorda switched from +5:00 to +6:00 on 1992-01-19 02:00.
1102# - Oral switched from +5:00 to +4:00 in spring 1989.
1103
1104# <a href="http://www.kazsociety.org.uk/news/2005/03/30.htm">
1105# From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin #11 (2005-03-21):
1106# </a>
1107# The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing
1108# daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health
1109# complications coupled with a decrease in productivity.
1110#
1111# From Branislav Kojic (in Astana) via Gwillim Law (2005-06-28):
1112# ... what happened was that the former Kazakhstan Eastern time zone
1113# was "blended" with the Central zone. Therefore, Kazakhstan now has
1114# two time zones, and difference between them is one hour. The zone
1115# closer to UTC is the former Western zone (probably still called the
1116# same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqtobe, Atyrau,
1117# Mangghystau, and West Kazakhstan. The other zone encompasses
1118# everything else.... I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones
1119# de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively.
1120
1121#
1122# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1123#
1124# Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan
1125Zone Asia/Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Alma-Ata
1126 5:00 - ALMT 1930 Jun 21 # Alma-Ata Time
1127 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 1991
1128 6:00 - ALMT 1992
1129 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 2005 Mar 15
1130 6:00 - ALMT
1131# Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.)
1132Zone Asia/Qyzylorda 4:21:52 - LMT 1924 May 2
1133 4:00 - KIZT 1930 Jun 21 # Kizilorda Time
1134 5:00 - KIZT 1981 Apr 1
1135 5:00 1:00 KIZST 1981 Oct 1
1136 6:00 - KIZT 1982 Apr 1
1137 5:00 RussiaAsia KIZ%sT 1991
1138 5:00 - KIZT 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1139 5:00 - QYZT 1992 Jan 19 2:00
1140 6:00 RussiaAsia QYZ%sT 2005 Mar 15
1141 6:00 - QYZT
1142# Aqtobe (aka Aktobe, formerly Akt'ubinsk)
1143Zone Asia/Aqtobe 3:48:40 - LMT 1924 May 2
1144 4:00 - AKTT 1930 Jun 21 # Aktyubinsk Time
1145 5:00 - AKTT 1981 Apr 1
1146 5:00 1:00 AKTST 1981 Oct 1
1147 6:00 - AKTT 1982 Apr 1
1148 5:00 RussiaAsia AKT%sT 1991
1149 5:00 - AKTT 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1150 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Aqtobe Time
1151 5:00 - AQTT
1152# Mangghystau
1153# Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region,
1154# so include time stamps before 1963.
1155Zone Asia/Aqtau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May 2
1156 4:00 - FORT 1930 Jun 21 # Fort Shevchenko T
1157 5:00 - FORT 1963
1158 5:00 - SHET 1981 Oct 1 # Shevchenko Time
1159 6:00 - SHET 1982 Apr 1
1160 5:00 RussiaAsia SHE%sT 1991
1161 5:00 - SHET 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1162 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 1995 Mar lastSun 2:00 # Aqtau Time
1163 4:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15
1164 5:00 - AQTT
1165# West Kazakhstan
1166Zone Asia/Oral 3:25:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ural'sk
1167 4:00 - URAT 1930 Jun 21 # Ural'sk time
1168 5:00 - URAT 1981 Apr 1
1169 5:00 1:00 URAST 1981 Oct 1
1170 6:00 - URAT 1982 Apr 1
1171 5:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00
1172 4:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1991
1173 4:00 - URAT 1991 Dec 16 # independence
1174 4:00 RussiaAsia ORA%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Oral Time
1175 5:00 - ORAT
1176
1177# Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan)
1178# Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger.
1179
1180# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15):
1181# According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway
1182# <http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml>
1183# Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system. I take the article
1184# to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC.
1185# From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21):
1186# Our government cancels daylight saving time 6th of August 2005.
1187# From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving.
1188
1189# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1190Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Apr Sun>=7 0:00s 1:00 S
1191Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1192Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:30 1:00 S
1193Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2004 - Oct lastSun 2:30 0 -
1194# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1195Zone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2
1196 5:00 - FRUT 1930 Jun 21 # Frunze Time
1197 6:00 RussiaAsia FRU%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
1198 5:00 1:00 FRUST 1991 Aug 31 2:00 # independence
1199 5:00 Kyrgyz KG%sT 2005 Aug 12 # Kyrgyzstan Time
1200 6:00 - KGT
1201
1202###############################################################################
1203
1204# Korea (North and South)
1205
1206# From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10) in
1207# <http://www.koreaherald.co.kr/SITE/data/html_dir/2006/07/10/200607100012.asp>:
1208# The Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy has already
1209# commissioned a research project [to reintroduce DST] and has said
1210# the system may begin as early as 2008.... Korea ran a daylight
1211# saving program from 1949-61 but stopped it during the 1950-53 Korean War.
1212
1213# From Shanks & Pottenger:
1214# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1215Rule ROK 1960 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D
1216Rule ROK 1960 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S
1217Rule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 D
1218Rule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S
1219
1220# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1221Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1890
1222 8:30 - KST 1904 Dec
1223 9:00 - KST 1928
1224 8:30 - KST 1932
1225 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
1226 8:00 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10
1227 8:30 - KST 1968 Oct
1228 9:00 ROK K%sT
1229Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1890
1230 8:30 - KST 1904 Dec
1231 9:00 - KST 1928
1232 8:30 - KST 1932
1233 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21
1234 8:00 - KST 1961 Aug 10
1235 9:00 - KST
1236
1237###############################################################################
1238
1239# Kuwait
1240# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1241# From the Arab Times (2007-03-14):
1242# The Civil Service Commission (CSC) has approved a proposal forwarded
1243# by MP Ahmad Baqer on implementing the daylight saving time (DST) in
1244# Kuwait starting from April until the end of Sept this year, reports Al-Anba.
1245# <http://www.arabtimesonline.com/arabtimes/kuwait/Viewdet.asp?ID=9950>.
1246# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29):
1247# We don't know the details, or whether the approval means it'll happen,
1248# so for now we assume no DST.
1249Zone Asia/Kuwait 3:11:56 - LMT 1950
1250 3:00 - AST
1251
1252# Laos
1253# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1254Zone Asia/Vientiane 6:50:24 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 # or Viangchan
1255 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT?
1256 7:00 - ICT 1912 May
1257 8:00 - ICT 1931 May
1258 7:00 - ICT
1259
1260# Lebanon
1261# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1262Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S
1263Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 -
1264Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
1265Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
1266Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S
1267Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 -
1268Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S
1269Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 -
1270Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1271Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1272Rule Lebanon 1972 only - Jun 22 0:00 1:00 S
1273Rule Lebanon 1972 1977 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1274Rule Lebanon 1973 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1275Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S
1276Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 -
1277Rule Lebanon 1984 1987 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1278Rule Lebanon 1984 1991 - Oct 16 0:00 0 -
1279Rule Lebanon 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S
1280Rule Lebanon 1989 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S
1281Rule Lebanon 1990 1992 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
1282Rule Lebanon 1992 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 -
1283Rule Lebanon 1993 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
1284Rule Lebanon 1993 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1285Rule Lebanon 1999 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 -
1286# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1287Zone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880
1288 2:00 Lebanon EE%sT
1289
1290# Malaysia
1291# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1292Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 TS # one-Third Summer
1293Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 -
1294#
1295# peninsular Malaysia
1296# The data here are taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
1297# <http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html>.
1298# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1299Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1
1300 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T.
1301 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time
1302 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1
1303 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1
1304 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16
1305 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
1306 7:30 - MALT 1982 Jan 1
1307 8:00 - MYT # Malaysia Time
1308# Sabah & Sarawak
1309# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1310# The data here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945 and 1982
1311# transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng.
1312# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1313Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar
1314 7:30 - BORT 1933 # Borneo Time
1315 8:00 NBorneo BOR%sT 1942 Feb 16
1316 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12
1317 8:00 - BORT 1982 Jan 1
1318 8:00 - MYT
1319
1320# Maldives
1321# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1322Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Male
1323 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Male Mean Time
1324 5:00 - MVT # Maldives Time
1325
1326# Mongolia
1327
1328# Shanks & Pottenger say that Mongolia has three time zones, but
1329# usno1995 and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World (2005-03)
1330# both say that it has just one.
1331
1332# From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11):
1333# <a href="http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm">
1334# General Information Mongolia
1335# </a> (1999-09)
1336# "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of
1337# Bayan-Ulgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and
1338# the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus
1339# eight hours."
1340
1341# From Rives McDow (1999-12-13):
1342# Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998
1343# being the last year it was implemented. The dates of implementation I am
1344# unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time
1345# of implementation may have been different....
1346# Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time
1347# zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod,
1348# Suhbaatar, and possibly Khentij.
1349
1350# From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15):
1351# Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia.
1352# We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone;
1353# the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us,
1354# and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd
1355# is good enough for our purposes.
1356
1357# From Rives McDow (2001-05-13):
1358# In addition to Mongolia starting daylight savings as reported earlier
1359# (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28),
1360# there are three time zones.
1361#
1362# Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-ulgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai
1363# Provinces [at 8:00]: Khovsgol, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Tov,
1364# Bayankhongor, Ovorkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Omnogovi
1365# Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sukhbaatar
1366#
1367# [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.]
1368
1369# From Ganbold Ts., Ulaanbaatar (2004-04-17):
1370# Daylight saving occurs at 02:00 local time last Saturday of March.
1371# It will change back to normal at 02:00 local time last Saturday of
1372# September.... As I remember this rule was changed in 2001.
1373#
1374# From Paul Eggert (2004-04-17):
1375# For now, assume Rives McDow's informant got confused about Friday vs
1376# Saturday, and that his 2001 dates should have 1 added to them.
1377
1378# From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26):
1379# We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones.
1380# Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says
1381# there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft
1382# Windows XP as the source. Risto Nykanen (2005-05-16) reports that
1383# travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UTC+7, UTC+8) with no DST.
1384# Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in
1385# Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed.
1386# He also found
1387# <http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1&>
1388# which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius"
1389# (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones.
1390# The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT
1391# and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sukhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT.
1392# The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the
1393# parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session."
1394# For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation.
1395
1396# From Ganbold Ts. (2007-02-26):
1397# Parliament of Mongolia has just changed the daylight-saving rule in February.
1398# They decided not to adopt daylight-saving time....
1399# http://www.mongolnews.mn/index.php?module=unuudur&sec=view&id=15742
1400
1401# From Deborah Goldsmith (2008-03-30):
1402# We received a bug report claiming that the tz database UTC offset for
1403# Asia/Choibalsan (GMT+09:00) is incorrect, and that it should be GMT
1404# +08:00 instead. Different sources appear to disagree with the tz
1405# database on this, e.g.:
1406#
1407# <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026">
1408# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026
1409# </a>
1410# <a href="http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx">
1411# http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx
1412# </a>
1413#
1414# both say GMT+08:00.
1415
1416# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-31):
1417# eznis airways, which operates several domestic flights, has a flight
1418# schedule here:
1419# <a href="http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112">
1420# http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112
1421# </a>
1422# (click the English flag for English)
1423#
1424# There it appears that flights between Choibalsan and Ulaanbatar arrive
1425# about 1:35 - 1:50 hours later in local clock time, no matter the
1426# direction, while Ulaanbaatar-Khvod takes 2 hours in the Eastern
1427# direction and 3:35 back, which indicates that Ulaanbatar and Khvod are
1428# in different time zones (like we know about), while Choibalsan and
1429# Ulaanbatar are in the same time zone (correction needed).
1430
1431# From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
1432# Assume that Choibalsan is indeed offset by 8:00.
1433# XXX--in the absence of better information, assume that transition
1434# was at the start of 2008-03-31 (the day of Steffen Thorsen's report);
1435# this is almost surely wrong.
1436
1437# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
1438Rule Mongol 1983 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
1439Rule Mongol 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
1440# Shanks & Pottenger and IATA SSIM say 1990s switches occurred at 00:00,
1441# but McDow says the 2001 switches occurred at 02:00. Also, IATA SSIM
1442# (1996-09) says 1996-10-25. Go with Shanks & Pottenger through 1998.
1443#
1444# Shanks & Pottenger say that the Sept. 1984 through Sept. 1990 switches
1445# in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Sukhbaatar) took place
1446# at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00 local time as in the rest of
1447# the country. That would be odd, and possibly is a result of their
1448# correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly
1449# in the latest edition; so ignore it for now.
1450
1451Rule Mongol 1985 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S
1452Rule Mongol 1984 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 -
1453# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST.
1454Rule Mongol 2001 only - Apr lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
1455Rule Mongol 2001 2006 - Sep lastSat 2:00 0 -
1456Rule Mongol 2002 2006 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 S
1457
1458# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1459# Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta
1460Zone Asia/Hovd 6:06:36 - LMT 1905 Aug
1461 6:00 - HOVT 1978 # Hovd Time
1462 7:00 Mongol HOV%sT
1463# Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga
1464Zone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug
1465 7:00 - ULAT 1978 # Ulaanbaatar Time
1466 8:00 Mongol ULA%sT
1467# Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tuemen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan,
1468# Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan
1469Zone Asia/Choibalsan 7:38:00 - LMT 1905 Aug
1470 7:00 - ULAT 1978
1471 8:00 - ULAT 1983 Apr
1472 9:00 Mongol CHO%sT 2008 Mar 31 # Choibalsan Time
1473 8:00 Mongol CHO%sT
1474
1475# Nepal
1476# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1477Zone Asia/Katmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920
1478 5:30 - IST 1986
1479 5:45 - NPT # Nepal Time
1480
1481# Oman
1482# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
1483Zone Asia/Muscat 3:54:20 - LMT 1920
1484 4:00 - GST
1485
1486# Pakistan
1487
1488# From Rives McDow (2002-03-13):
1489# I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a
1490# TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002
1491# and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002. This is what I was
1492# told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the
1493# 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on.
1494
1495# From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15):
1496# Jesper Norgaard found this URL:
1497# http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm
1498# (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to
1499# advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first
1500# Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on
1501# 15th October each year". This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00,
1502# but disagrees about the October transition, and makes it sound like
1503# it's not on a trial basis. Also, the "between the first Saturday
1504# and Sunday of April" phrase, if taken literally, means that the
1505# transition takes place at 00:00 on the first Sunday on or after 04-02.
1506
1507# From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09):
1508# DAWN <http://www.dawn.com/2002/10/06/top13.htm> reported on 2002-10-05
1509# that 2002 DST ended that day at midnight. Go with McDow for now.
1510
1511# From Steffen Thorsen (2003-03-14):
1512# According to http://www.dawn.com/2003/03/07/top15.htm
1513# there will be no DST in Pakistan this year:
1514#
1515# ISLAMABAD, March 6: Information and Media Development Minister Sheikh
1516# Rashid Ahmed on Thursday said the cabinet had reversed a previous
1517# decision to advance clocks by one hour in summer and put them back by
1518# one hour in winter with the aim of saving light hours and energy.
1519#
1520# The minister told a news conference that the experiment had rather
1521# shown 8 per cent higher consumption of electricity.
1522
1523# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-15):
1524#
1525# Here is an article that Pakistan plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time
1526# on June 1, 2008 for 3 months.
1527#
1528# "... The federal cabinet on Wednesday announced a new conservation plan to help
1529# reduce load shedding by approving the closure of commercial centres at 9pm and
1530# moving clocks forward by one hour for the next three months.
1531# ...."
1532#
1533# <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html">
1534# http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html
1535# </a>
1536# OR
1537# <a href="http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4">
1538# http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4
1539# </a>
1540
1541# From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
1542# XXX--midnight transitions is a guess; 2008 only is a guess.
1543
|