| sh.1 (50698) | sh.1 (51090) |
|---|---|
| 1.\" Copyright (c) 1991, 1993 2.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 3.\" 4.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by 5.\" Kenneth Almquist. 6.\" 7.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 8.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions --- 19 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 28.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 29.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 30.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 31.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 32.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 33.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 34.\" 35.\" from: @(#)sh.1 8.6 (Berkeley) 5/4/95 | 1.\" Copyright (c) 1991, 1993 2.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 3.\" 4.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by 5.\" Kenneth Almquist. 6.\" 7.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 8.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions --- 19 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 28.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 29.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 30.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 31.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 32.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 33.\" SUCH DAMAGE. 34.\" 35.\" from: @(#)sh.1 8.6 (Berkeley) 5/4/95 |
| 36.\" $FreeBSD: head/bin/sh/sh.1 50698 1999-08-31 12:44:52Z sheldonh $ | 36.\" $FreeBSD: head/bin/sh/sh.1 51090 1999-09-08 15:40:46Z sheldonh $ |
| 37.\" 38.Dd May 5, 1995 39.Dt SH 1 40.Os BSD 4 41.Sh NAME 42.Nm sh 43.Nd command interpreter (shell) 44.Sh SYNOPSIS --- 18 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 63incorporated into this shell. 64This man page is not intended to be a tutorial or a complete 65specification of the shell. 66.Ss Overview 67The shell is a command that reads lines from 68either a file or the terminal, interprets them, and 69generally executes other commands. It is the program that is running 70when a user logs into the system (although a user can select | 37.\" 38.Dd May 5, 1995 39.Dt SH 1 40.Os BSD 4 41.Sh NAME 42.Nm sh 43.Nd command interpreter (shell) 44.Sh SYNOPSIS --- 18 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 63incorporated into this shell. 64This man page is not intended to be a tutorial or a complete 65specification of the shell. 66.Ss Overview 67The shell is a command that reads lines from 68either a file or the terminal, interprets them, and 69generally executes other commands. It is the program that is running 70when a user logs into the system (although a user can select |
| 71a different shell with the chsh(1) command). | 71a different shell with the 72.Xr chsh 1 73command). |
| 72The shell 73implements a language that has flow control constructs, 74a macro facility that provides a variety of features in | 74The shell 75implements a language that has flow control constructs, 76a macro facility that provides a variety of features in |
| 75addition to data storage, along with built in history and line | 77addition to data storage, along with builtin history and line |
| 76editing capabilities. It incorporates many features to 77aid interactive use and has the advantage that the interpretative 78language is common to both interactive and non-interactive 79use (shell scripts). That is, commands can be typed directly 80to the running shell or can be put into a file and the file 81can be executed directly by the shell. 82.Ss Invocation 83If no args are present and if the standard input of the shell --- 46 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 130closes a well-known, and sometimes easily exploitable security 131hole related to poorly thought out 132.Ev ENV 133scripts. 134.Ss Argument List Processing 135All of the single letter options to 136.Nm 137have a corresponding name that can be used as an argument to the | 78editing capabilities. It incorporates many features to 79aid interactive use and has the advantage that the interpretative 80language is common to both interactive and non-interactive 81use (shell scripts). That is, commands can be typed directly 82to the running shell or can be put into a file and the file 83can be executed directly by the shell. 84.Ss Invocation 85If no args are present and if the standard input of the shell --- 46 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 132closes a well-known, and sometimes easily exploitable security 133hole related to poorly thought out 134.Ev ENV 135scripts. 136.Ss Argument List Processing 137All of the single letter options to 138.Nm 139have a corresponding name that can be used as an argument to the |
| 138.Xr set 1 139builtin (described later). These names are provided next to the | 140.Ic set 141builtin command (described later). These names are provided next to the |
| 140single letter option in the descriptions below. Specifying a dash 141.Dq - 142enables the option, while using a plus 143.Dq + 144disables the option. A 145.Dq -- 146or plain 147.Dq - 148will stop option processing and will force the remaining 149words on the command line to be treated as arguments. 150.Bl -tag -width Ds 151.It Fl a Li allexport 152Export all variables assigned to. 153.It Fl b Li notify 154Enable asynchronous notification of background job 155completion. 156.Pq UNIMPLEMENTED 157.It Fl C Li noclobber | 142single letter option in the descriptions below. Specifying a dash 143.Dq - 144enables the option, while using a plus 145.Dq + 146disables the option. A 147.Dq -- 148or plain 149.Dq - 150will stop option processing and will force the remaining 151words on the command line to be treated as arguments. 152.Bl -tag -width Ds 153.It Fl a Li allexport 154Export all variables assigned to. 155.It Fl b Li notify 156Enable asynchronous notification of background job 157completion. 158.Pq UNIMPLEMENTED 159.It Fl C Li noclobber |
| 158Don't overwrite existing files with | 160Do not overwrite existing files with |
| 159.Dq > . 160.Pq UNIMPLEMENTED 161.It Fl E Li emacs | 161.Dq > . 162.Pq UNIMPLEMENTED 163.It Fl E Li emacs |
| 162Enable the built-in | 164Enable the builtin |
| 163.Xr emacs 1 164command line editor (disables 165.Fl V 166if it has been set). 167.It Fl e Li errexit 168If not interactive, exit immediately if any 169untested command fails. 170The exit status of a command is considered to be --- 30 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 201and ignores the contents of the 202.Ev ENV 203variable. 204.It Fl s Li stdin 205Read commands from standard input (set automatically 206if no file arguments are present). This option has 207no effect when set after the shell has already started 208running (i.e. when set with the | 165.Xr emacs 1 166command line editor (disables 167.Fl V 168if it has been set). 169.It Fl e Li errexit 170If not interactive, exit immediately if any 171untested command fails. 172The exit status of a command is considered to be --- 30 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 203and ignores the contents of the 204.Ev ENV 205variable. 206.It Fl s Li stdin 207Read commands from standard input (set automatically 208if no file arguments are present). This option has 209no effect when set after the shell has already started 210running (i.e. when set with the |
| 209.Xr set 1 | 211.Ic set |
| 210command). 211.It Fl T Li asynctraps 212When waiting for a child, execute traps immediately. If this option is 213not set, traps are executed after the child exits, as specified in 214.St -p1003.2 215This nonstandard option is useful for putting guarding shells around 216children that block signals. The surrounding shell may kill the child 217or it may just return control to the tty and leave the child alone, 218like this: 219.Bd -literal -offset indent 220sh -T -c "trap 'exit 1' 2 ; some-blocking-program" 221.Ed 222.Pp 223.It Fl u Li nounset 224Write a message to standard error when attempting 225to expand a variable that is not set, and if the 226shell is not interactive, exit immediately. 227.Pq UNIMPLEMENTED 228.It Fl V Li vi | 212command). 213.It Fl T Li asynctraps 214When waiting for a child, execute traps immediately. If this option is 215not set, traps are executed after the child exits, as specified in 216.St -p1003.2 217This nonstandard option is useful for putting guarding shells around 218children that block signals. The surrounding shell may kill the child 219or it may just return control to the tty and leave the child alone, 220like this: 221.Bd -literal -offset indent 222sh -T -c "trap 'exit 1' 2 ; some-blocking-program" 223.Ed 224.Pp 225.It Fl u Li nounset 226Write a message to standard error when attempting 227to expand a variable that is not set, and if the 228shell is not interactive, exit immediately. 229.Pq UNIMPLEMENTED 230.It Fl V Li vi |
| 229Enable the built-in | 231Enable the builtin |
| 230.Xr vi 1 231command line editor (disables 232.Fl E 233if it has been set). 234.It Fl v Li verbose 235The shell writes its input to standard error 236as it is read. Useful for debugging. 237.It Fl x Li xtrace --- 54 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 292after a control operator. The following are reserved words: 293.Bd -literal -offset indent 294! { } case do 295done elif else esac fi 296for if then until while 297.Ed 298.Ss Aliases 299An alias is a name and corresponding value set using the | 232.Xr vi 1 233command line editor (disables 234.Fl E 235if it has been set). 236.It Fl v Li verbose 237The shell writes its input to standard error 238as it is read. Useful for debugging. 239.It Fl x Li xtrace --- 54 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 294after a control operator. The following are reserved words: 295.Bd -literal -offset indent 296! { } case do 297done elif else esac fi 298for if then until while 299.Ed 300.Ss Aliases 301An alias is a name and corresponding value set using the |
| 300.Xr alias 1 | 302.Ic alias |
| 301builtin command. Whenever a reserved word may occur (see above), 302and after checking for reserved words, the shell 303checks the word to see if it matches an alias. If it does, 304it replaces it in the input stream with its value. For example, 305if there is an alias called 306.Dq lf 307with the value 308.Dq ls -F , --- 113 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 422The variables which are explicitly placed in the environment of 423the command (by placing assignments to them before the 424function name) are made local to the function and are set 425to the values given. Then the command given in the function 426definition is executed. The positional parameters are 427restored to their original values when the command completes. 428This all occurs within the current shell. 429.Pp | 303builtin command. Whenever a reserved word may occur (see above), 304and after checking for reserved words, the shell 305checks the word to see if it matches an alias. If it does, 306it replaces it in the input stream with its value. For example, 307if there is an alias called 308.Dq lf 309with the value 310.Dq ls -F , --- 113 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 424The variables which are explicitly placed in the environment of 425the command (by placing assignments to them before the 426function name) are made local to the function and are set 427to the values given. Then the command given in the function 428definition is executed. The positional parameters are 429restored to their original values when the command completes. 430This all occurs within the current shell. 431.Pp |
| 430Shell builtins are executed internally to the shell, without | 432Shell builtin commands are executed internally to the shell, without |
| 431spawning a new process. 432.Pp | 433spawning a new process. 434.Pp |
| 433Otherwise, if the command name doesn't match a function 434or builtin, the command is searched for as a normal | 435Otherwise, if the command name does not match a function 436or builtin command, the command is searched for as a normal |
| 435program in the filesystem (as described in the next section). 436When a normal program is executed, the shell runs the program, 437passing the arguments and the environment to the 438program. If the program is not a normal executable file 439(i.e. if it does not begin with the 440.Qq magic number 441whose 442.Tn ASCII --- 105 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 548to the standard input of command2. 549.Pp 550A ; or <newline> terminator causes the preceding 551AND-OR-list (described next) to be executed sequentially; a & causes 552asynchronous execution of the preceding AND-OR-list. 553.Pp 554Note that unlike some other shells, each process in the 555pipeline is a child of the invoking shell (unless it | 437program in the filesystem (as described in the next section). 438When a normal program is executed, the shell runs the program, 439passing the arguments and the environment to the 440program. If the program is not a normal executable file 441(i.e. if it does not begin with the 442.Qq magic number 443whose 444.Tn ASCII --- 105 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 550to the standard input of command2. 551.Pp 552A ; or <newline> terminator causes the preceding 553AND-OR-list (described next) to be executed sequentially; a & causes 554asynchronous execution of the preceding AND-OR-list. 555.Pp 556Note that unlike some other shells, each process in the 557pipeline is a child of the invoking shell (unless it |
| 556is a shell builtin, in which case it executes in the | 558is a shell builtin command, in which case it executes in the |
| 557current shell -- but any effect it has on the 558environment is wiped). 559.Ss Background Commands -- & 560If a command is terminated by the control operator ampersand 561(&), the shell executes the command asynchronously -- that is, 562the shell does not wait for 563the command to finish before executing the next command. 564.Pp --- 170 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 735Variables set by the user must have a name consisting solely 736of alphabetics, numerics, and underscores - the first of which 737must not be numeric. A parameter can also be denoted by a number 738or a special character as explained below. 739.Ss Positional Parameters 740A positional parameter is a parameter denoted by a number (n > 0). 741The shell sets these initially to the values of its command line 742arguments that follow the name of the shell script. The | 559current shell -- but any effect it has on the 560environment is wiped). 561.Ss Background Commands -- & 562If a command is terminated by the control operator ampersand 563(&), the shell executes the command asynchronously -- that is, 564the shell does not wait for 565the command to finish before executing the next command. 566.Pp --- 170 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 737Variables set by the user must have a name consisting solely 738of alphabetics, numerics, and underscores - the first of which 739must not be numeric. A parameter can also be denoted by a number 740or a special character as explained below. 741.Ss Positional Parameters 742A positional parameter is a parameter denoted by a number (n > 0). 743The shell sets these initially to the values of its command line 744arguments that follow the name of the shell script. The |
| 743.Xr set 1 744builtin can also be used to set or reset them. | 745.Ic set 746builtin command can also be used to set or reset them. |
| 745.Ss Special Parameters 746A special parameter is a parameter denoted by one of the following 747special characters. The value of the parameter is listed 748next to its character. 749.Bl -hang 750.It * 751Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one. When 752the expansion occurs within a double-quoted string --- 233 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 986all existing files whose names can be formed by replacing 987each pattern with a string that matches the specified pattern. 988There are two restrictions on this: first, a pattern cannot match 989a string containing a slash, and second, 990a pattern cannot match a string starting with a period 991unless the first character of the pattern is a period. 992The next section describes the patterns used for both 993Pathname Expansion and the | 747.Ss Special Parameters 748A special parameter is a parameter denoted by one of the following 749special characters. The value of the parameter is listed 750next to its character. 751.Bl -hang 752.It * 753Expands to the positional parameters, starting from one. When 754the expansion occurs within a double-quoted string --- 233 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 988all existing files whose names can be formed by replacing 989each pattern with a string that matches the specified pattern. 990There are two restrictions on this: first, a pattern cannot match 991a string containing a slash, and second, 992a pattern cannot match a string starting with a period 993unless the first character of the pattern is a period. 994The next section describes the patterns used for both 995Pathname Expansion and the |
| 994.Xr case 1 | 996.Ic case |
| 995command. 996.Ss Shell Patterns 997A pattern consists of normal characters, which match themselves, 998and meta-characters. The meta-characters are 999.Dq ! , 1000.Dq * , 1001.Dq ? , 1002and --- 29 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1032.Pp 1033To include a 1034.Dq ] 1035in a character class, make it the first 1036character listed (after the 1037.Dq ! , 1038if any). To include a 1039minus sign, make it the first or last character listed. | 997command. 998.Ss Shell Patterns 999A pattern consists of normal characters, which match themselves, 1000and meta-characters. The meta-characters are 1001.Dq ! , 1002.Dq * , 1003.Dq ? , 1004and --- 29 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1034.Pp 1035To include a 1036.Dq ] 1037in a character class, make it the first 1038character listed (after the 1039.Dq ! , 1040if any). To include a 1041minus sign, make it the first or last character listed. |
| 1040.Ss Builtins 1041This section lists the builtin commands which | 1042.Ss Builtin Commands 1043This section lists the commands which |
| 1042are builtin because they need to perform some operation | 1044are builtin because they need to perform some operation |
| 1043that can't be performed by a separate process. In addition to 1044these, there are several other commands that may be 1045builtin for efficiency (e.g. 1046.Xr printf 1 , 1047.Xr echo 1 , 1048.Xr test 1 , 1049etc). | 1045that can not be performed by a separate process. In addition to 1046these, builtin versions of the 1047.Xr printf 1 1048and 1049.Xr echo 1 1050commands are provided for efficiency. |
| 1050.Bl -tag -width Ds 1051.It : 1052A null command that returns a 0 (true) exit value. 1053.It \&. file 1054The commands in the specified file are read and executed by the shell. 1055If 1056.Ar file 1057contains any --- 9 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1067.Dq name 1068with value 1069.Dq string . 1070If just 1071.Dq name 1072is specified, the value of the alias 1073.Dq name 1074is printed. | 1051.Bl -tag -width Ds 1052.It : 1053A null command that returns a 0 (true) exit value. 1054.It \&. file 1055The commands in the specified file are read and executed by the shell. 1056If 1057.Ar file 1058contains any --- 9 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1068.Dq name 1069with value 1070.Dq string . 1071If just 1072.Dq name 1073is specified, the value of the alias 1074.Dq name 1075is printed. |
| 1075With no arguments, the alias builtin prints the | 1076With no arguments, the alias builtin command prints the |
| 1076names and values of all defined aliases (see unalias). 1077.It bg [ job ] ... 1078Continue the specified jobs (or the current job if no 1079jobs are given) in the background. 1080.It command command arg ... 1081Execute the specified builtin command. (This is useful when you 1082have a shell function with the same name 1083as a builtin command.) 1084.It cd [ directory ] 1085Switch to the specified directory (default $HOME). 1086If an entry for CDPATH appears in the environment 1087of the cd command or the shell variable CDPATH is set | 1077names and values of all defined aliases (see unalias). 1078.It bg [ job ] ... 1079Continue the specified jobs (or the current job if no 1080jobs are given) in the background. 1081.It command command arg ... 1082Execute the specified builtin command. (This is useful when you 1083have a shell function with the same name 1084as a builtin command.) 1085.It cd [ directory ] 1086Switch to the specified directory (default $HOME). 1087If an entry for CDPATH appears in the environment 1088of the cd command or the shell variable CDPATH is set |
| 1088and the directory name does not begin with a slash, | 1089and the directory name does not begin with a slash (/), 1090dot (.) or dot-dot (..), |
| 1089then the directories listed in CDPATH will be 1090searched for the specified directory. The format of 1091CDPATH is the same as that of PATH. In an interactive shell, 1092the cd command will print out the name of 1093the directory that it actually switched to if this is 1094different from the name that the user gave. These 1095may be different either because the CDPATH mechanism 1096was used or because a symbolic link was crossed. 1097.It eval string ... 1098Concatenate all the arguments with spaces. Then 1099re-parse and execute the 1100command. 1101.It exec [ command arg ... ] 1102Unless command is omitted, the shell process is 1103replaced with the specified program (which must be a | 1091then the directories listed in CDPATH will be 1092searched for the specified directory. The format of 1093CDPATH is the same as that of PATH. In an interactive shell, 1094the cd command will print out the name of 1095the directory that it actually switched to if this is 1096different from the name that the user gave. These 1097may be different either because the CDPATH mechanism 1098was used or because a symbolic link was crossed. 1099.It eval string ... 1100Concatenate all the arguments with spaces. Then 1101re-parse and execute the 1102command. 1103.It exec [ command arg ... ] 1104Unless command is omitted, the shell process is 1105replaced with the specified program (which must be a |
| 1104real program, not a shell builtin or function). Any | 1106real program, not a shell builtin command or function). Any |
| 1105redirections on the exec command are marked as permanent, 1106so that they are not undone when the exec command finishes. 1107.It exit [ exitstatus ] 1108Terminate the shell process. If exitstatus is given 1109it is used as the exit status of the shell; otherwise 1110the exit status of the preceding command is used. 1111.It export name ... 1112The specified names are exported so that they will --- 5 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1118export name=value 1119.Ed 1120.Pp 1121With no arguments the export command lists the names 1122of all exported variables. 1123.It fc [-e editor] [first [last]] 1124.It fc -l [-nr] [first [last]] 1125.It fc -s [old=new] [first] | 1107redirections on the exec command are marked as permanent, 1108so that they are not undone when the exec command finishes. 1109.It exit [ exitstatus ] 1110Terminate the shell process. If exitstatus is given 1111it is used as the exit status of the shell; otherwise 1112the exit status of the preceding command is used. 1113.It export name ... 1114The specified names are exported so that they will --- 5 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1120export name=value 1121.Ed 1122.Pp 1123With no arguments the export command lists the names 1124of all exported variables. 1125.It fc [-e editor] [first [last]] 1126.It fc -l [-nr] [first [last]] 1127.It fc -s [old=new] [first] |
| 1126The fc builtin lists, or edits and re-executes, commands | 1128The fc builtin command lists, or edits and re-executes, commands |
| 1127previously entered to an interactive shell. 1128.Bl -tag -width Ds 1129.It -e editor 1130Use the editor named by editor to edit the commands. The 1131editor string is a command name, subject to search via the 1132PATH variable. The value in the FCEDIT variable 1133is used as a default when -e is not specified. If 1134FCEDIT is null or unset, the value of the EDITOR --- 157 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1292Setvar is intended to be used in functions that 1293assign values to variables whose names are passed as 1294parameters.) 1295.It shift [ n ] 1296Shift the positional parameters n times. A shift 1297sets the value of $1 to the value of $2, the value of 1298$2 to the value of $3, and so on, decreasing the 1299value of $# by one. If there are zero positional | 1129previously entered to an interactive shell. 1130.Bl -tag -width Ds 1131.It -e editor 1132Use the editor named by editor to edit the commands. The 1133editor string is a command name, subject to search via the 1134PATH variable. The value in the FCEDIT variable 1135is used as a default when -e is not specified. If 1136FCEDIT is null or unset, the value of the EDITOR --- 157 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1294Setvar is intended to be used in functions that 1295assign values to variables whose names are passed as 1296parameters.) 1297.It shift [ n ] 1298Shift the positional parameters n times. A shift 1299sets the value of $1 to the value of $2, the value of 1300$2 to the value of $3, and so on, decreasing the 1301value of $# by one. If there are zero positional |
| 1300parameters, shifting doesn't do anything. | 1302parameters, shifting does not do anything. |
| 1301.It trap [ action ] signal ... 1302Cause the shell to parse and execute action when any 1303of the specified signals are received. The signals 1304are specified by signal number. Action may be null 1305or omitted; the former causes the specified signal to 1306be ignored and the latter causes the default action 1307to be taken. When the shell forks off a subshell, it 1308resets trapped (but not ignored) signals to the 1309default action. The trap command has no effect on 1310signals that were ignored on entry to the shell. 1311.It type [name] ... 1312Interpret each name as a command and print the 1313resolution of the command search. Possible resolutions are: | 1303.It trap [ action ] signal ... 1304Cause the shell to parse and execute action when any 1305of the specified signals are received. The signals 1306are specified by signal number. Action may be null 1307or omitted; the former causes the specified signal to 1308be ignored and the latter causes the default action 1309to be taken. When the shell forks off a subshell, it 1310resets trapped (but not ignored) signals to the 1311default action. The trap command has no effect on 1312signals that were ignored on entry to the shell. 1313.It type [name] ... 1314Interpret each name as a command and print the 1315resolution of the command search. Possible resolutions are: |
| 1314shell keyword, alias, shell builtin, command, tracked alias | 1316shell keyword, alias, shell builtin command, command, tracked alias |
| 1315and not found. For aliases the alias expansion is printed; 1316for commands and tracked aliases the complete pathname of 1317the command is printed. 1318.It ulimit [ -HSacdflmnust ] [ limit ] 1319Set or display resource limits (see 1320.Xr getrlimit 2 ). 1321If 1322.Dq limit --- 68 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1391exit status of the last process in the job. If the 1392argument is omitted, wait for all jobs to complete 1393and the return an exit status of zero. 1394.El 1395.Ss Commandline Editing 1396When 1397.Nm 1398is being used interactively from a terminal, the current command | 1317and not found. For aliases the alias expansion is printed; 1318for commands and tracked aliases the complete pathname of 1319the command is printed. 1320.It ulimit [ -HSacdflmnust ] [ limit ] 1321Set or display resource limits (see 1322.Xr getrlimit 2 ). 1323If 1324.Dq limit --- 68 unchanged lines hidden (view full) --- 1393exit status of the last process in the job. If the 1394argument is omitted, wait for all jobs to complete 1395and the return an exit status of zero. 1396.El 1397.Ss Commandline Editing 1398When 1399.Nm 1400is being used interactively from a terminal, the current command |
| 1399and the command history (see fc in Builtins) can be edited using vi-mode | 1401and the command history (see fc in 1402.Sx Builtin Commands ) 1403can be edited using vi-mode |
| 1400command line editing. This mode uses commands similar 1401to a subset of those described in the vi man page. 1402The command 'set -o vi' enables vi-mode editing and places 1403.Nm 1404into vi insert mode. With vi-mode enabled, 1405.Nm 1406can be switched between insert mode and command mode by typing <ESC>. 1407Hitting <return> while in command mode will pass the line to the shell. 1408.Pp 1409Similarly, the 'set -o emacs' command can be used to enable a subset of 1410emacs-style command line editing features. 1411.Sh SEE ALSO | 1404command line editing. This mode uses commands similar 1405to a subset of those described in the vi man page. 1406The command 'set -o vi' enables vi-mode editing and places 1407.Nm 1408into vi insert mode. With vi-mode enabled, 1409.Nm 1410can be switched between insert mode and command mode by typing <ESC>. 1411Hitting <return> while in command mode will pass the line to the shell. 1412.Pp 1413Similarly, the 'set -o emacs' command can be used to enable a subset of 1414emacs-style command line editing features. 1415.Sh SEE ALSO |
| 1416.Xr builtin 1 , 1417.Xr echo 1 , |
|
| 1412.Xr expr 1 , | 1418.Xr expr 1 , |
| 1419.Xr pwd 1 , 1420.Xr printf 1 , |
|
| 1413.Xr test 1 1414.Sh HISTORY 1415A 1416.Nm 1417command appeared in 1418.At V.1 . | 1421.Xr test 1 1422.Sh HISTORY 1423A 1424.Nm 1425command appeared in 1426.At V.1 . |