1.\" 2.\" Copyright (c) 2003 S�ren Schmidt <sos@FreeBSD.org> 3.\" All rights reserved. 4.\" 5.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 6.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 7.\" are met: 8.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 9.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer, 10.\" without modification, immediately at the beginning of the file. 11.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 12.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 13.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 14.\" 3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products 15.\" derived from this software without specific prior written permission. 16.\" 17.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR 18.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES 19.\" OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. 20.\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, 21.\" INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT 22.\" NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, 23.\" DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY 24.\" THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT 25.\" (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF 26.\" THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 27.\"
| 1.\" 2.\" Copyright (c) 2003 S�ren Schmidt <sos@FreeBSD.org> 3.\" All rights reserved. 4.\" 5.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without 6.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions 7.\" are met: 8.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright 9.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer, 10.\" without modification, immediately at the beginning of the file. 11.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 12.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 13.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 14.\" 3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products 15.\" derived from this software without specific prior written permission. 16.\" 17.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR 18.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES 19.\" OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. 20.\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, 21.\" INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT 22.\" NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, 23.\" DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY 24.\" THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT 25.\" (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF 26.\" THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 27.\"
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28.\" $FreeBSD: head/share/man/man4/ata.4 149005 2005-08-12 23:05:48Z brueffer $
| 28.\" $FreeBSD: head/share/man/man4/ata.4 149090 2005-08-15 15:07:47Z joel $
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29.\" 30.Dd August 13, 2005 31.Dt ATA 4 32.Os 33.Sh NAME 34.Nm ata , 35.Nm ar , 36.Nm acd , 37.Nm ad , 38.Nm afd , 39.Nm ast 40.Nd generic ATA/ATAPI disk controller driver 41.Sh SYNOPSIS 42For ISA based ATA/ATAPI support: 43.Cd device isa 44.Cd device ata 45.Pp 46In 47.Pa /boot/device.hints : 48.Cd hint.ata.0.at="isa" 49.Cd hint.ata.0.port="0x1f0" 50.Cd hint.ata.0.irq="14" 51.Cd hint.ata.1.at="isa" 52.Cd hint.ata.1.port="0x170" 53.Cd hint.ata.1.irq="15" 54.Pp 55For PC98 based ATA/ATAPI support: 56.Cd device isa 57.Cd device ata 58.Pp 59In 60.Pa /boot/device.hints : 61.Cd hint.atacbus.0.at="isa" 62.Cd hint.atacbus.0.port="0x640" 63.Cd hint.atacbus.0.irq="9" 64.Pp 65For PCI based ATA/ATAPI support: 66.Cd device pci 67.Cd device ata 68.Pp 69To support ATA compliant disk drives: 70.Cd device atadisk 71.Pp 72To support ATA software RAID's: 73.Cd device ataraid 74.Pp 75To support ATAPI CDROM, DVD and CD/DVD burner drives: 76.Cd device atapicd 77.Pp 78To support ATAPI floppy drives: 79.Cd device atapifd 80.Pp 81To support ATAPI tape drives: 82.Cd device atapist 83.Pp 84The following tunables are settable from the loader: 85.Bl -ohang 86.It Va hw.ata.ata_dma 87set to 1 for DMA access, 0 for PIO (default is DMA). 88.It Va hw.ata.atapi_dma 89set to 1 for DMA access, 0 for PIO (default is DMA). 90.It Va hw.ata.wc 91set to 1 to enable Write Caching, 0 to disable (default is enabled). 92.Em WARNING : 93can cause data loss on power failures and crashes. 94.El 95.Sh DESCRIPTION 96The 97.Nm 98driver provides access to ATA (IDE) and SerialATA disk drives, 99ATAPI CDROM/DVD drives, ZIP/LS120 ATAPI drives and ATAPI tape drives 100connected to controllers according to the ATA/ATAPI standards. 101.Pp 102The currently supported ATA/SATA controller chips are: 103.Pp 104.Bl -tag -width "Silicon Image:" -compact 105.It Acard: 106ATP850P, ATP860A, ATP860R, ATP865A, ATP865R 107.It ALI: 108Aladdin (ALi5229) compatible chips. 109.It AMD: 110AMD756, AMD766, AMD768, AMD8111. 111.It CMD:
| 29.\" 30.Dd August 13, 2005 31.Dt ATA 4 32.Os 33.Sh NAME 34.Nm ata , 35.Nm ar , 36.Nm acd , 37.Nm ad , 38.Nm afd , 39.Nm ast 40.Nd generic ATA/ATAPI disk controller driver 41.Sh SYNOPSIS 42For ISA based ATA/ATAPI support: 43.Cd device isa 44.Cd device ata 45.Pp 46In 47.Pa /boot/device.hints : 48.Cd hint.ata.0.at="isa" 49.Cd hint.ata.0.port="0x1f0" 50.Cd hint.ata.0.irq="14" 51.Cd hint.ata.1.at="isa" 52.Cd hint.ata.1.port="0x170" 53.Cd hint.ata.1.irq="15" 54.Pp 55For PC98 based ATA/ATAPI support: 56.Cd device isa 57.Cd device ata 58.Pp 59In 60.Pa /boot/device.hints : 61.Cd hint.atacbus.0.at="isa" 62.Cd hint.atacbus.0.port="0x640" 63.Cd hint.atacbus.0.irq="9" 64.Pp 65For PCI based ATA/ATAPI support: 66.Cd device pci 67.Cd device ata 68.Pp 69To support ATA compliant disk drives: 70.Cd device atadisk 71.Pp 72To support ATA software RAID's: 73.Cd device ataraid 74.Pp 75To support ATAPI CDROM, DVD and CD/DVD burner drives: 76.Cd device atapicd 77.Pp 78To support ATAPI floppy drives: 79.Cd device atapifd 80.Pp 81To support ATAPI tape drives: 82.Cd device atapist 83.Pp 84The following tunables are settable from the loader: 85.Bl -ohang 86.It Va hw.ata.ata_dma 87set to 1 for DMA access, 0 for PIO (default is DMA). 88.It Va hw.ata.atapi_dma 89set to 1 for DMA access, 0 for PIO (default is DMA). 90.It Va hw.ata.wc 91set to 1 to enable Write Caching, 0 to disable (default is enabled). 92.Em WARNING : 93can cause data loss on power failures and crashes. 94.El 95.Sh DESCRIPTION 96The 97.Nm 98driver provides access to ATA (IDE) and SerialATA disk drives, 99ATAPI CDROM/DVD drives, ZIP/LS120 ATAPI drives and ATAPI tape drives 100connected to controllers according to the ATA/ATAPI standards. 101.Pp 102The currently supported ATA/SATA controller chips are: 103.Pp 104.Bl -tag -width "Silicon Image:" -compact 105.It Acard: 106ATP850P, ATP860A, ATP860R, ATP865A, ATP865R 107.It ALI: 108Aladdin (ALi5229) compatible chips. 109.It AMD: 110AMD756, AMD766, AMD768, AMD8111. 111.It CMD:
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112CMD646, CMD648, CMD649.
| 112CMD646, CMD646U2, CMD648, CMD649.
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113.It Cypress: 114Cypress 82C693. 115.It Cyrix: 116Cyrix 5530. 117.It HighPoint:
| 113.It Cypress: 114Cypress 82C693. 115.It Cyrix: 116Cyrix 5530. 117.It HighPoint:
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118HPT302, HPT366, HPT366, HPT368, HPT370, HPT371, HPT372, HPT374.
| 118HPT302, HPT366, HPT368, HPT370, HPT371, HPT372, HPT372N, HPT374.
|
119.It Intel:
| 119.It Intel:
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12031244, PIIX, PIIX3, PIIX4, ICH, ICH0, ICH2, ICH3, ICH4, ICH5, ICH6.
| 1206300ESB, 31244, PIIX, PIIX3, PIIX4, ICH, ICH0, ICH2, ICH3, ICH4, ICH5, ICH6, ICH7.
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121.It ITE: 122IT8211F, IT8212F. 123.It National: 124SC1100. 125.It nVidia:
| 121.It ITE: 122IT8211F, IT8212F. 123.It National: 124SC1100. 125.It nVidia:
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126nForce, nForce2, nForce3.
| 126nForce, nForce2, nForce2 MCP, nForce3, nForce3 MCP, nForce3 Pro, nForce4.
|
127.It Promise:
| 127.It Promise:
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128PDC20246, PDC20262, PDC20263, PDC20265, PDC20267, PDC20268, PDC20269, PDC20270, PDC20271, PDC20275, PDC20276, PDC20277, PDC20318, PDC20319, PDC20371, PDC20375, PDC20376, PDC20377, PDC20378, PDC20379, PDC20617, PDC20618, PDC20619, PDC20620, PDC40718, PDC40719.
| 128PDC20246, PDC20262, PDC20263, PDC20265, PDC20267, PDC20268, PDC20269, PDC20270, PDC20271, PDC20275, PDC20276, PDC20277, PDC20318, PDC20319, PDC20371, PDC20375, PDC20376, PDC20377, PDC20378, PDC20379, PDC20571, PDC20575, PDC20579, PDC20580, PDC20617, PDC20618, PDC20619, PDC20620, PDC2061, PDC20622, PDC40518, PDC40519, PDC40718, PDC40719.
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129.It ServerWorks: 130ROSB4, CSB5, CSB6. 131.It Silicon Image: 132SiI0680, SiI3112, SiI3114, SiI3512. 133.It SiS:
| 129.It ServerWorks: 130ROSB4, CSB5, CSB6. 131.It Silicon Image: 132SiI0680, SiI3112, SiI3114, SiI3512. 133.It SiS:
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134SIS5513, SIS530, SIS540, SIS550, SIS620, SIS630, SIS630S, SIS633, SIS635, SIS730, SIS733, SIS735, SIS745, SIS961, SIS962, SIS963, SIS964
| 134SIS180, SIS181, SIS182, SIS5513, SIS530, SIS540, SIS550, SIS620, SIS630, SIS630S, SIS633, SIS635, SIS730, SIS733, SIS735, SIS745, SIS961, SIS962, SIS963, SIS964, SIS965
|
135.It VIA:
| 135.It VIA:
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136VT82C586, VT82C586B, VT82C596, VT82C596B, VT82C686, VT82C686A, VT82C686B, VT8231, VT8233, VT8233A, VT8233C, VT8235, VT8237.
| 136VT6410, VT6420, VT6421, VT82C586, VT82C586B, VT82C596, VT82C596B, VT82C686, VT82C686A, VT82C686B, VT8231, VT8233, VT8233A, VT8233C, VT8235, VT8237.
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137.El 138.Pp 139Unknown ATA chipsets are supported in PIO modes, and if the standard 140busmaster DMA registers are present and contain valid setup, DMA is 141also enabled, although the max mode is limited to UDMA33, as it is 142not known what the chipset can do and how to program it. 143.Pp 144The 145.Nm 146driver can change the transfer mode and various other parameters 147when the system is up and running. 148See 149.Xr atacontrol 8 . 150.Pp 151The 152.Nm 153driver sets the maximum transfer mode supported by the hardware as default. 154However the 155.Nm 156driver sometimes warns: 157.Dq Sy "DMA limited to UDMA33, non-ATA66 cable or device". 158This means that 159the 160.Nm 161driver has detected that the required 80 conductor cable is not present 162or could not be detected properly, 163or that one of the devices on the channel only accepts up 164to UDMA2/ATA33. 165.Pp 166Unknown ATAPI devices are initialized to DMA mode if the 167.Va hw.ata.atapi_dma 168tunable is set to 1 and they support at least UDMA33 transfers. 169Otherwise they are set to PIO mode because severe DMA problems are 170common even if the device capabilities indicate support. 171You can always try to set DMA mode on an ATAPI device using 172.Xr atacontrol 8 , 173but be aware that your hardware might 174.Em not 175support it and can potentially 176.Em hang 177the entire system causing data loss. 178.Sh FILES 179.Bl -tag -width ".Pa /sys/i386/conf/GENERIC" -compact 180.It Pa /dev/ad* 181ATA disk device nodes 182.It Pa /dev/ar* 183ATA RAID device nodes 184.It Pa /dev/acd* 185ATAPI CD-ROM device nodes 186.It Pa /dev/afd* 187ATAPI floppy drive device nodes 188.It Pa /dev/ast* 189ATAPI tape drive device nodes 190.It Pa /sys/i386/conf/GENERIC 191sample generic kernel config file for 192.Nm 193based systems 194.El 195.Sh NOTES 196Please remember that in order to use UDMA4/ATA66 and above modes you 197.Em must 198use 80 conductor cables. 199Please assure that ribbon cables are no longer than 45cm. 200In case of rounded ATA cables, the length depends on the 201quality of the cables. 202SATA cables can be up to 1m long according to the specification. 203.Pp 204Static device numbering 205(enabled with the 206.Dv ATA_STATIC_ID 207kernel option) 208reserves a number for each possibly connected disk, 209even when not present. 210This is useful in hotswap scenarios 211where disks should always show up as the same numbered device, 212and not depend on attach order. 213.Sh SEE ALSO 214.Xr ataraid 4 , 215.Xr atacontrol 8 , 216.Xr burncd 8 217.Sh HISTORY 218The 219.Nm 220driver first appeared in 221.Fx 4.0 . 222.Sh AUTHORS 223.An S\(/oren Schmidt 224.Aq sos@FreeBSD.org .
| 137.El 138.Pp 139Unknown ATA chipsets are supported in PIO modes, and if the standard 140busmaster DMA registers are present and contain valid setup, DMA is 141also enabled, although the max mode is limited to UDMA33, as it is 142not known what the chipset can do and how to program it. 143.Pp 144The 145.Nm 146driver can change the transfer mode and various other parameters 147when the system is up and running. 148See 149.Xr atacontrol 8 . 150.Pp 151The 152.Nm 153driver sets the maximum transfer mode supported by the hardware as default. 154However the 155.Nm 156driver sometimes warns: 157.Dq Sy "DMA limited to UDMA33, non-ATA66 cable or device". 158This means that 159the 160.Nm 161driver has detected that the required 80 conductor cable is not present 162or could not be detected properly, 163or that one of the devices on the channel only accepts up 164to UDMA2/ATA33. 165.Pp 166Unknown ATAPI devices are initialized to DMA mode if the 167.Va hw.ata.atapi_dma 168tunable is set to 1 and they support at least UDMA33 transfers. 169Otherwise they are set to PIO mode because severe DMA problems are 170common even if the device capabilities indicate support. 171You can always try to set DMA mode on an ATAPI device using 172.Xr atacontrol 8 , 173but be aware that your hardware might 174.Em not 175support it and can potentially 176.Em hang 177the entire system causing data loss. 178.Sh FILES 179.Bl -tag -width ".Pa /sys/i386/conf/GENERIC" -compact 180.It Pa /dev/ad* 181ATA disk device nodes 182.It Pa /dev/ar* 183ATA RAID device nodes 184.It Pa /dev/acd* 185ATAPI CD-ROM device nodes 186.It Pa /dev/afd* 187ATAPI floppy drive device nodes 188.It Pa /dev/ast* 189ATAPI tape drive device nodes 190.It Pa /sys/i386/conf/GENERIC 191sample generic kernel config file for 192.Nm 193based systems 194.El 195.Sh NOTES 196Please remember that in order to use UDMA4/ATA66 and above modes you 197.Em must 198use 80 conductor cables. 199Please assure that ribbon cables are no longer than 45cm. 200In case of rounded ATA cables, the length depends on the 201quality of the cables. 202SATA cables can be up to 1m long according to the specification. 203.Pp 204Static device numbering 205(enabled with the 206.Dv ATA_STATIC_ID 207kernel option) 208reserves a number for each possibly connected disk, 209even when not present. 210This is useful in hotswap scenarios 211where disks should always show up as the same numbered device, 212and not depend on attach order. 213.Sh SEE ALSO 214.Xr ataraid 4 , 215.Xr atacontrol 8 , 216.Xr burncd 8 217.Sh HISTORY 218The 219.Nm 220driver first appeared in 221.Fx 4.0 . 222.Sh AUTHORS 223.An S\(/oren Schmidt 224.Aq sos@FreeBSD.org .
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