1.\"
2.\" Copyright (c) 2003 S�ren Schmidt <sos@FreeBSD.org>
3.\" All rights reserved.
4.\"
5.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
7.\" are met:
8.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer,
10.\" without modification, immediately at the beginning of the file.
11.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
12.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
13.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
14.\" 3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
15.\" derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
16.\"
17.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
18.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
19.\" OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
20.\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
21.\" INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
22.\" NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
23.\" DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
24.\" THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
25.\" (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
26.\" THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
27.\"
| 1.\"
2.\" Copyright (c) 2003 S�ren Schmidt <sos@FreeBSD.org>
3.\" All rights reserved.
4.\"
5.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
6.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
7.\" are met:
8.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer,
10.\" without modification, immediately at the beginning of the file.
11.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
12.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
13.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
14.\" 3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
15.\" derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
16.\"
17.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
18.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
19.\" OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
20.\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
21.\" INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
22.\" NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
23.\" DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
24.\" THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
25.\" (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
26.\" THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
27.\"
|
28.\" $FreeBSD: head/share/man/man4/ata.4 149005 2005-08-12 23:05:48Z brueffer $
| 28.\" $FreeBSD: head/share/man/man4/ata.4 149090 2005-08-15 15:07:47Z joel $
|
29.\"
30.Dd August 13, 2005
31.Dt ATA 4
32.Os
33.Sh NAME
34.Nm ata ,
35.Nm ar ,
36.Nm acd ,
37.Nm ad ,
38.Nm afd ,
39.Nm ast
40.Nd generic ATA/ATAPI disk controller driver
41.Sh SYNOPSIS
42For ISA based ATA/ATAPI support:
43.Cd device isa
44.Cd device ata
45.Pp
46In
47.Pa /boot/device.hints :
48.Cd hint.ata.0.at="isa"
49.Cd hint.ata.0.port="0x1f0"
50.Cd hint.ata.0.irq="14"
51.Cd hint.ata.1.at="isa"
52.Cd hint.ata.1.port="0x170"
53.Cd hint.ata.1.irq="15"
54.Pp
55For PC98 based ATA/ATAPI support:
56.Cd device isa
57.Cd device ata
58.Pp
59In
60.Pa /boot/device.hints :
61.Cd hint.atacbus.0.at="isa"
62.Cd hint.atacbus.0.port="0x640"
63.Cd hint.atacbus.0.irq="9"
64.Pp
65For PCI based ATA/ATAPI support:
66.Cd device pci
67.Cd device ata
68.Pp
69To support ATA compliant disk drives:
70.Cd device atadisk
71.Pp
72To support ATA software RAID's:
73.Cd device ataraid
74.Pp
75To support ATAPI CDROM, DVD and CD/DVD burner drives:
76.Cd device atapicd
77.Pp
78To support ATAPI floppy drives:
79.Cd device atapifd
80.Pp
81To support ATAPI tape drives:
82.Cd device atapist
83.Pp
84The following tunables are settable from the loader:
85.Bl -ohang
86.It Va hw.ata.ata_dma
87set to 1 for DMA access, 0 for PIO (default is DMA).
88.It Va hw.ata.atapi_dma
89set to 1 for DMA access, 0 for PIO (default is DMA).
90.It Va hw.ata.wc
91set to 1 to enable Write Caching, 0 to disable (default is enabled).
92.Em WARNING :
93can cause data loss on power failures and crashes.
94.El
95.Sh DESCRIPTION
96The
97.Nm
98driver provides access to ATA (IDE) and SerialATA disk drives,
99ATAPI CDROM/DVD drives, ZIP/LS120 ATAPI drives and ATAPI tape drives
100connected to controllers according to the ATA/ATAPI standards.
101.Pp
102The currently supported ATA/SATA controller chips are:
103.Pp
104.Bl -tag -width "Silicon Image:" -compact
105.It Acard:
106ATP850P, ATP860A, ATP860R, ATP865A, ATP865R
107.It ALI:
108Aladdin (ALi5229) compatible chips.
109.It AMD:
110AMD756, AMD766, AMD768, AMD8111.
111.It CMD:
| 29.\"
30.Dd August 13, 2005
31.Dt ATA 4
32.Os
33.Sh NAME
34.Nm ata ,
35.Nm ar ,
36.Nm acd ,
37.Nm ad ,
38.Nm afd ,
39.Nm ast
40.Nd generic ATA/ATAPI disk controller driver
41.Sh SYNOPSIS
42For ISA based ATA/ATAPI support:
43.Cd device isa
44.Cd device ata
45.Pp
46In
47.Pa /boot/device.hints :
48.Cd hint.ata.0.at="isa"
49.Cd hint.ata.0.port="0x1f0"
50.Cd hint.ata.0.irq="14"
51.Cd hint.ata.1.at="isa"
52.Cd hint.ata.1.port="0x170"
53.Cd hint.ata.1.irq="15"
54.Pp
55For PC98 based ATA/ATAPI support:
56.Cd device isa
57.Cd device ata
58.Pp
59In
60.Pa /boot/device.hints :
61.Cd hint.atacbus.0.at="isa"
62.Cd hint.atacbus.0.port="0x640"
63.Cd hint.atacbus.0.irq="9"
64.Pp
65For PCI based ATA/ATAPI support:
66.Cd device pci
67.Cd device ata
68.Pp
69To support ATA compliant disk drives:
70.Cd device atadisk
71.Pp
72To support ATA software RAID's:
73.Cd device ataraid
74.Pp
75To support ATAPI CDROM, DVD and CD/DVD burner drives:
76.Cd device atapicd
77.Pp
78To support ATAPI floppy drives:
79.Cd device atapifd
80.Pp
81To support ATAPI tape drives:
82.Cd device atapist
83.Pp
84The following tunables are settable from the loader:
85.Bl -ohang
86.It Va hw.ata.ata_dma
87set to 1 for DMA access, 0 for PIO (default is DMA).
88.It Va hw.ata.atapi_dma
89set to 1 for DMA access, 0 for PIO (default is DMA).
90.It Va hw.ata.wc
91set to 1 to enable Write Caching, 0 to disable (default is enabled).
92.Em WARNING :
93can cause data loss on power failures and crashes.
94.El
95.Sh DESCRIPTION
96The
97.Nm
98driver provides access to ATA (IDE) and SerialATA disk drives,
99ATAPI CDROM/DVD drives, ZIP/LS120 ATAPI drives and ATAPI tape drives
100connected to controllers according to the ATA/ATAPI standards.
101.Pp
102The currently supported ATA/SATA controller chips are:
103.Pp
104.Bl -tag -width "Silicon Image:" -compact
105.It Acard:
106ATP850P, ATP860A, ATP860R, ATP865A, ATP865R
107.It ALI:
108Aladdin (ALi5229) compatible chips.
109.It AMD:
110AMD756, AMD766, AMD768, AMD8111.
111.It CMD:
|
112CMD646, CMD648, CMD649.
| 112CMD646, CMD646U2, CMD648, CMD649.
|
113.It Cypress:
114Cypress 82C693.
115.It Cyrix:
116Cyrix 5530.
117.It HighPoint:
| 113.It Cypress:
114Cypress 82C693.
115.It Cyrix:
116Cyrix 5530.
117.It HighPoint:
|
118HPT302, HPT366, HPT366, HPT368, HPT370, HPT371, HPT372, HPT374.
| 118HPT302, HPT366, HPT368, HPT370, HPT371, HPT372, HPT372N, HPT374.
|
119.It Intel:
| 119.It Intel:
|
12031244, PIIX, PIIX3, PIIX4, ICH, ICH0, ICH2, ICH3, ICH4, ICH5, ICH6.
| 1206300ESB, 31244, PIIX, PIIX3, PIIX4, ICH, ICH0, ICH2, ICH3, ICH4, ICH5, ICH6, ICH7.
|
121.It ITE:
122IT8211F, IT8212F.
123.It National:
124SC1100.
125.It nVidia:
| 121.It ITE:
122IT8211F, IT8212F.
123.It National:
124SC1100.
125.It nVidia:
|
126nForce, nForce2, nForce3.
| 126nForce, nForce2, nForce2 MCP, nForce3, nForce3 MCP, nForce3 Pro, nForce4.
|
127.It Promise:
| 127.It Promise:
|
128PDC20246, PDC20262, PDC20263, PDC20265, PDC20267, PDC20268, PDC20269, PDC20270, PDC20271, PDC20275, PDC20276, PDC20277, PDC20318, PDC20319, PDC20371, PDC20375, PDC20376, PDC20377, PDC20378, PDC20379, PDC20617, PDC20618, PDC20619, PDC20620, PDC40718, PDC40719.
| 128PDC20246, PDC20262, PDC20263, PDC20265, PDC20267, PDC20268, PDC20269, PDC20270, PDC20271, PDC20275, PDC20276, PDC20277, PDC20318, PDC20319, PDC20371, PDC20375, PDC20376, PDC20377, PDC20378, PDC20379, PDC20571, PDC20575, PDC20579, PDC20580, PDC20617, PDC20618, PDC20619, PDC20620, PDC2061, PDC20622, PDC40518, PDC40519, PDC40718, PDC40719.
|
129.It ServerWorks:
130ROSB4, CSB5, CSB6.
131.It Silicon Image:
132SiI0680, SiI3112, SiI3114, SiI3512.
133.It SiS:
| 129.It ServerWorks:
130ROSB4, CSB5, CSB6.
131.It Silicon Image:
132SiI0680, SiI3112, SiI3114, SiI3512.
133.It SiS:
|
134SIS5513, SIS530, SIS540, SIS550, SIS620, SIS630, SIS630S, SIS633, SIS635, SIS730, SIS733, SIS735, SIS745, SIS961, SIS962, SIS963, SIS964
| 134SIS180, SIS181, SIS182, SIS5513, SIS530, SIS540, SIS550, SIS620, SIS630, SIS630S, SIS633, SIS635, SIS730, SIS733, SIS735, SIS745, SIS961, SIS962, SIS963, SIS964, SIS965
|
135.It VIA:
| 135.It VIA:
|
136VT82C586, VT82C586B, VT82C596, VT82C596B, VT82C686, VT82C686A, VT82C686B, VT8231, VT8233, VT8233A, VT8233C, VT8235, VT8237.
| 136VT6410, VT6420, VT6421, VT82C586, VT82C586B, VT82C596, VT82C596B, VT82C686, VT82C686A, VT82C686B, VT8231, VT8233, VT8233A, VT8233C, VT8235, VT8237.
|
137.El
138.Pp
139Unknown ATA chipsets are supported in PIO modes, and if the standard
140busmaster DMA registers are present and contain valid setup, DMA is
141also enabled, although the max mode is limited to UDMA33, as it is
142not known what the chipset can do and how to program it.
143.Pp
144The
145.Nm
146driver can change the transfer mode and various other parameters
147when the system is up and running.
148See
149.Xr atacontrol 8 .
150.Pp
151The
152.Nm
153driver sets the maximum transfer mode supported by the hardware as default.
154However the
155.Nm
156driver sometimes warns:
157.Dq Sy "DMA limited to UDMA33, non-ATA66 cable or device".
158This means that
159the
160.Nm
161driver has detected that the required 80 conductor cable is not present
162or could not be detected properly,
163or that one of the devices on the channel only accepts up
164to UDMA2/ATA33.
165.Pp
166Unknown ATAPI devices are initialized to DMA mode if the
167.Va hw.ata.atapi_dma
168tunable is set to 1 and they support at least UDMA33 transfers.
169Otherwise they are set to PIO mode because severe DMA problems are
170common even if the device capabilities indicate support.
171You can always try to set DMA mode on an ATAPI device using
172.Xr atacontrol 8 ,
173but be aware that your hardware might
174.Em not
175support it and can potentially
176.Em hang
177the entire system causing data loss.
178.Sh FILES
179.Bl -tag -width ".Pa /sys/i386/conf/GENERIC" -compact
180.It Pa /dev/ad*
181ATA disk device nodes
182.It Pa /dev/ar*
183ATA RAID device nodes
184.It Pa /dev/acd*
185ATAPI CD-ROM device nodes
186.It Pa /dev/afd*
187ATAPI floppy drive device nodes
188.It Pa /dev/ast*
189ATAPI tape drive device nodes
190.It Pa /sys/i386/conf/GENERIC
191sample generic kernel config file for
192.Nm
193based systems
194.El
195.Sh NOTES
196Please remember that in order to use UDMA4/ATA66 and above modes you
197.Em must
198use 80 conductor cables.
199Please assure that ribbon cables are no longer than 45cm.
200In case of rounded ATA cables, the length depends on the
201quality of the cables.
202SATA cables can be up to 1m long according to the specification.
203.Pp
204Static device numbering
205(enabled with the
206.Dv ATA_STATIC_ID
207kernel option)
208reserves a number for each possibly connected disk,
209even when not present.
210This is useful in hotswap scenarios
211where disks should always show up as the same numbered device,
212and not depend on attach order.
213.Sh SEE ALSO
214.Xr ataraid 4 ,
215.Xr atacontrol 8 ,
216.Xr burncd 8
217.Sh HISTORY
218The
219.Nm
220driver first appeared in
221.Fx 4.0 .
222.Sh AUTHORS
223.An S\(/oren Schmidt
224.Aq sos@FreeBSD.org .
| 137.El
138.Pp
139Unknown ATA chipsets are supported in PIO modes, and if the standard
140busmaster DMA registers are present and contain valid setup, DMA is
141also enabled, although the max mode is limited to UDMA33, as it is
142not known what the chipset can do and how to program it.
143.Pp
144The
145.Nm
146driver can change the transfer mode and various other parameters
147when the system is up and running.
148See
149.Xr atacontrol 8 .
150.Pp
151The
152.Nm
153driver sets the maximum transfer mode supported by the hardware as default.
154However the
155.Nm
156driver sometimes warns:
157.Dq Sy "DMA limited to UDMA33, non-ATA66 cable or device".
158This means that
159the
160.Nm
161driver has detected that the required 80 conductor cable is not present
162or could not be detected properly,
163or that one of the devices on the channel only accepts up
164to UDMA2/ATA33.
165.Pp
166Unknown ATAPI devices are initialized to DMA mode if the
167.Va hw.ata.atapi_dma
168tunable is set to 1 and they support at least UDMA33 transfers.
169Otherwise they are set to PIO mode because severe DMA problems are
170common even if the device capabilities indicate support.
171You can always try to set DMA mode on an ATAPI device using
172.Xr atacontrol 8 ,
173but be aware that your hardware might
174.Em not
175support it and can potentially
176.Em hang
177the entire system causing data loss.
178.Sh FILES
179.Bl -tag -width ".Pa /sys/i386/conf/GENERIC" -compact
180.It Pa /dev/ad*
181ATA disk device nodes
182.It Pa /dev/ar*
183ATA RAID device nodes
184.It Pa /dev/acd*
185ATAPI CD-ROM device nodes
186.It Pa /dev/afd*
187ATAPI floppy drive device nodes
188.It Pa /dev/ast*
189ATAPI tape drive device nodes
190.It Pa /sys/i386/conf/GENERIC
191sample generic kernel config file for
192.Nm
193based systems
194.El
195.Sh NOTES
196Please remember that in order to use UDMA4/ATA66 and above modes you
197.Em must
198use 80 conductor cables.
199Please assure that ribbon cables are no longer than 45cm.
200In case of rounded ATA cables, the length depends on the
201quality of the cables.
202SATA cables can be up to 1m long according to the specification.
203.Pp
204Static device numbering
205(enabled with the
206.Dv ATA_STATIC_ID
207kernel option)
208reserves a number for each possibly connected disk,
209even when not present.
210This is useful in hotswap scenarios
211where disks should always show up as the same numbered device,
212and not depend on attach order.
213.Sh SEE ALSO
214.Xr ataraid 4 ,
215.Xr atacontrol 8 ,
216.Xr burncd 8
217.Sh HISTORY
218The
219.Nm
220driver first appeared in
221.Fx 4.0 .
222.Sh AUTHORS
223.An S\(/oren Schmidt
224.Aq sos@FreeBSD.org .
|