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32.\" From: @(#)mtree.8 8.2 (Berkeley) 12/11/93
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33.\" $FreeBSD: head/usr.sbin/mtree/mtree.8 121798 2003-10-31 13:39:19Z phk $
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| 33.\" $FreeBSD: head/usr.sbin/mtree/mtree.8 122141 2003-11-05 22:26:08Z phk $ |
34.\"
35.Dd February 26, 1999
36.Dt MTREE 8
37.Os
38.Sh NAME
39.Nm mtree
40.Nd map a directory hierarchy
41.Sh SYNOPSIS
42.Nm
43.Op Fl LPUcdeinqrux
44.Bk -words
45.Op Fl f Ar spec
46.Ek
47.Bk -words
|
48.Op Fl f Ar spec
49.Ek
50.Bk -words |
51.Op Fl K Ar keywords
52.Ek
53.Bk -words
54.Op Fl k Ar keywords
55.Ek
56.Bk -words
57.Op Fl p Ar path
58.Ek
59.Bk -words
60.Op Fl s Ar seed
61.Ek
62.Bk -words
63.Op Fl X Ar exclude-list
64.Ek
65.Sh DESCRIPTION
66The
67.Nm
68utility compares the file hierarchy rooted in the current directory against a
69specification read from the standard input.
70Messages are written to the standard output for any files whose
71characteristics do not match the specifications, or which are
72missing from either the file hierarchy or the specification.
73.Pp
74The options are as follows:
75.Bl -tag -width flag
76.It Fl L
77Follow all symbolic links in the file hierarchy.
78.It Fl P
79Don't follow symbolic links in the file hierarchy, instead consider
80the symbolic link itself in any comparisons. This is the default.
81.It Fl U
82Modify the owner, group, permissions, and modification time of existing
83files to match the specification and create any missing directories or
84symbolic links.
85User, group and permissions must all be specified for missing directories
86to be created.
87Corrected mismatches are not considered errors.
88.It Fl c
89Print a specification for the file hierarchy to the standard output.
90.It Fl d
91Ignore everything except directory type files.
92.It Fl e
93Don't complain about files that are in the file hierarchy, but not in the
94specification.
95.It Fl i
96Indent the output 4 spaces each time a directory level is descended when
97create a specification with the
98.Fl c
99option.
100This does not affect either the /set statements or the comment before each
101directory.
102It does however affect the comment before the close of each directory.
103.It Fl n
104Do not emit pathname comments when creating a specification. Normally
105a comment is emitted before each directory and before the close of that
106directory when using the
107.Fl c
108option.
109.It Fl q
110Quiet mode. Do not complain when a
111.Dq missing
112directory cannot be created because it already exists.
113This occurs when the directory is a symbolic link.
114.It Fl r
115Remove any files in the file hierarchy that are not described in the
116specification.
117.It Fl u
118Same as
119.Fl U
120except a status of 2 is returned if the file hierarchy did not match
121the specification.
122.It Fl x
123Don't descend below mount points in the file hierarchy.
124.It Fl f Ar file
125Read the specification from
126.Ar file ,
127instead of from the standard input.
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128.Pp
129If this option is specified twice, the two specifications are compared
130to each other rather than to the file hierarchy.
131The specifications be sorted like output generated using
132.Fl c .
133The output format in this case is somewhat remniscent of
134.Xr comm 1 ,
135having "in first spec only", "in second spec only", and "different"
136columns, prefixed by zero, one and two TAB characters respectively.
137Each entry in the "different" column occupies two lines, one from each specfication. |
138.It Fl K Ar keywords
139Add the specified (whitespace or comma separated)
140.Ar keywords
141to the current set of keywords.
142.It Fl k Ar keywords
143Use the ``type'' keyword plus the specified (whitespace or comma separated)
144.Ar keywords
145instead of the current set of keywords.
146.It Fl p Ar path
147Use the file hierarchy rooted in
148.Ar path ,
149instead of the current directory.
150.It Fl s Ar seed
151Display a single checksum to the standard error output that represents all
152of the files for which the keyword
153.Cm cksum
154was specified.
155The checksum is seeded with the specified value.
156.It Fl X Ar exclude-list
157The specified file contains
158.Xr fnmatch 3
159patterns matching files to be excluded from
160the specification, one to a line.
161If the pattern contains a
162.Ql \&/
163character, it will be matched against entire pathnames (relative to
164the starting directory); otherwise,
165it will be matched against basenames only. No comments are allowed in
166the
167.Ar exclude-list
168file.
169.El
170.Pp
171Specifications are mostly composed of ``keywords'', i.e. strings
172that specify values relating to files.
173No keywords have default values, and if a keyword has no value set, no
174checks based on it are performed.
175.Pp
176Currently supported keywords are as follows:
177.Bl -tag -width Cm
178.It Cm cksum
179The checksum of the file using the default algorithm specified by
180the
181.Xr cksum 1
182utility.
183.It Cm flags
184The file flags as a symbolic name. See
185.Xr chflags 1
186for information on these names. If no flags are to be set the string
187.Dq none
188may be used to override the current default.
189.It Cm ignore
190Ignore any file hierarchy below this file.
191.It Cm gid
192The file group as a numeric value.
193.It Cm gname
194The file group as a symbolic name.
195.It Cm md5digest
196The MD5 message digest of the file.
197.It Cm sha1digest
198The
199.Tn FIPS
200160-1
201.Pq Dq Tn SHA-1
202message digest of the file.
203.It Cm ripemd160digest
204The
205.Tn RIPEMD160
206message digest of the file.
207.It Cm mode
208The current file's permissions as a numeric (octal) or symbolic
209value.
210.It Cm nlink
211The number of hard links the file is expected to have.
212.It Cm nochange
213Make sure this file or directory exists but otherwise ignore all attributes.
214.It Cm uid
215The file owner as a numeric value.
216.It Cm uname
217The file owner as a symbolic name.
218.It Cm size
219The size, in bytes, of the file.
220.It Cm link
221The file the symbolic link is expected to reference.
222.It Cm time
223The last modification time of the file.
224.It Cm type
225The type of the file; may be set to any one of the following:
226.Pp
227.Bl -tag -width Cm -compact
228.It Cm block
229block special device
230.It Cm char
231character special device
232.It Cm dir
233directory
234.It Cm fifo
235fifo
236.It Cm file
237regular file
238.It Cm link
239symbolic link
240.It Cm socket
241socket
242.El
243.El
244.Pp
245The default set of keywords are
246.Cm flags ,
247.Cm gid ,
248.Cm mode ,
249.Cm nlink ,
250.Cm size ,
251.Cm link ,
252.Cm time ,
253and
254.Cm uid .
255.Pp
256There are four types of lines in a specification.
257.Pp
258The first type of line sets a global value for a keyword, and consists of
259the string ``/set'' followed by whitespace, followed by sets of keyword/value
260pairs, separated by whitespace.
261Keyword/value pairs consist of a keyword, followed by an equals sign
262(``=''), followed by a value, without whitespace characters.
263Once a keyword has been set, its value remains unchanged until either
264reset or unset.
265.Pp
266The second type of line unsets keywords and consists of the string
267``/unset'', followed by whitespace, followed by one or more keywords,
268separated by whitespace.
269.Pp
270The third type of line is a file specification and consists of a file
271name, followed by whitespace, followed by zero or more whitespace
272separated keyword/value pairs.
273The file name may be preceded by whitespace characters.
274The file name may contain any of the standard file name matching
275characters (``['', ``]'', ``?'' or ``*''), in which case files
276in the hierarchy will be associated with the first pattern that
277they match.
278.Pp
279Each of the keyword/value pairs consist of a keyword, followed by an
280equals sign (``=''), followed by the keyword's value, without
281whitespace characters.
282These values override, without changing, the global value of the
283corresponding keyword.
284.Pp
285All paths are relative.
286Specifying a directory will cause subsequent files to be searched
287for in that directory hierarchy.
288Which brings us to the last type of line in a specification: a line
289containing only the string
290.Dq Pa ..\&
291causes the current directory
292path to ascend one level.
293.Pp
294Empty lines and lines whose first non-whitespace character is a hash
295mark (``#'') are ignored.
296.Pp
297The
298.Nm
299utility exits with a status of 0 on success, 1 if any error occurred,
300and 2 if the file hierarchy did not match the specification.
301A status of 2 is converted to a status of 0 if the
302.Fl U
303option is used.
304.Sh EXAMPLES
305To detect system binaries that have been ``trojan horsed'', it is recommended
306that
307.Nm
308.Fl K
309.Cm sha1digest
310be run on the file systems, and a copy of the results stored on a different
311machine, or, at least, in encrypted form.
312The output file itself should be digested using the
313.Xr md5 1
314utility.
315Then, periodically,
316.Nm
317and
318.Xr md5 1
319should be run against the on-line specifications.
320While it is possible for the bad guys to change the on-line specifications
321to conform to their modified binaries, it is believed to be
322impractical for them to create a modified specification which has
323the same MD5 digest as the original.
324.Pp
325The
326.Fl d
327and
328.Fl u
329options can be used in combination to create directory hierarchies
330for distributions and other such things; the files in
331.Pa /etc/mtree
332were used to create almost all directories in this
333.Fx
334distribution.
335.Sh FILES
336.Bl -tag -width /etc/mtree -compact
337.It Pa /etc/mtree
338system specification directory
339.El
340.Sh DIAGNOSTICS
341.Ex -std
342.Sh SEE ALSO
343.Xr chflags 1 ,
344.Xr chgrp 1 ,
345.Xr chmod 1 ,
346.Xr cksum 1 ,
347.Xr md5 1 ,
348.Xr stat 2 ,
349.Xr fts 3 ,
350.Xr md5 3 ,
351.Xr chown 8
352.Sh HISTORY
353The
354.Nm
355utility appeared in
356.Bx 4.3 Reno .
357The
358.Tn MD5
359digest capability was added in
360.Fx 2.1 ,
361in response to the widespread use of programs which can spoof
362.Xr cksum 1 .
363The
364.Tn SHA-1
365and
366.Tn RIPEMD160
367digests were added in
368.Fx 4.0 ,
369as new attacks have demonstrated weaknesses in
370.Tn MD5 .
371Support for file flags was added in
372.Fx 4.0 ,
373and mostly comes from
374.Nx .
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