32.Dt SYSTAT 1
33.Os
34.Sh NAME
35.Nm systat
36.Nd display system statistics
37.Sh SYNOPSIS
38.Nm
39.Op Fl display
40.Op Ar refresh-interval
41.Sh DESCRIPTION
42The
43.Nm
44utility displays various system statistics in a screen oriented fashion
45using the curses screen display library,
46.Xr ncurses 3 .
47.Pp
48While
49.Nm
50is running the screen is usually divided into two windows (an exception
51is the vmstat display which uses the entire screen).
52The
53upper window depicts the current system load average.
54The
55information displayed in the lower window may vary, depending on
56user commands.
57The last line on the screen is reserved for user
58input and error messages.
59.Pp
60By default
61.Nm
62displays the processes getting the largest percentage of the processor
63in the lower window.
64Other displays show swap space usage, disk
65.Tn I/O
66statistics (a la
67.Xr iostat 8 ) ,
68virtual memory statistics (a la
69.Xr vmstat 8 ) ,
70network ``mbuf'' utilization,
71.Tn TCP/IP
72statistics,
73and network connections (a la
74.Xr netstat 1 ) .
75.Pp
76Input is interpreted at two different levels.
77A ``global'' command interpreter processes all keyboard input.
78If this command interpreter fails to recognize a command, the
79input line is passed to a per-display command interpreter.
80This
81allows each display to have certain display-specific commands.
82.Pp
83Command line options:
84.Bl -tag -width "refresh_interval"
85.It Fl Ns Ar display
86The
87.Fl
88flag expects
89.Ar display
90to be one of:
91.Ic icmp ,
92.Ic icmp6 ,
93.Ic ifstat ,
94.Ic iostat ,
95.Ic ip ,
96.Ic ip6 ,
97.Ic mbufs ,
98.Ic netstat ,
99.Ic pigs ,
100.Ic swap ,
101.Ic tcp ,
102or
103.Ic vmstat .
104These displays can also be requested interactively (without the
105.Dq Fl )
106and are described in
107full detail below.
108.It Ar refresh-interval
109The
110.Ar refresh-value
111specifies the screen refresh time interval in seconds.
112Time interval can be fractional.
113.El
114.Pp
115Certain characters cause immediate action by
116.Nm .
117These are
118.Bl -tag -width Fl
119.It Ic \&^L
120Refresh the screen.
121.It Ic \&^G
122Print the name of the current ``display'' being shown in
123the lower window and the refresh interval.
124.It Ic \&:
125Move the cursor to the command line and interpret the input
126line typed as a command.
127While entering a command the
128current character erase, word erase, and line kill characters
129may be used.
130.El
131.Pp
132The following commands are interpreted by the ``global''
133command interpreter.
134.Bl -tag -width Fl
135.It Ic help
136Print the names of the available displays on the command line.
137.It Ic load
138Print the load average over the past 1, 5, and 15 minutes
139on the command line.
140.It Ic stop
141Stop refreshing the screen.
142.It Xo
143.Op Ic start
144.Op Ar number
145.Xc
146Start (continue) refreshing the screen.
147If a second, numeric,
148argument is provided it is interpreted as a refresh interval
149(in seconds).
150Supplying only a number will set the refresh interval to this
151value.
152.It Ic quit
153Exit
154.Nm .
155(This may be abbreviated to
156.Ic q . )
157.El
158.Pp
159The available displays are:
160.Bl -tag -width Ic
161.It Ic pigs
162Display, in the lower window, those processes resident in main
163memory and getting the
164largest portion of the processor (the default display).
165When less than 100% of the
166processor is scheduled to user processes, the remaining time
167is accounted to the ``idle'' process.
168.It Ic icmp
169Display, in the lower window, statistics about messages received and
170transmitted by the Internet Control Message Protocol
171.Pq Dq Tn ICMP .
172The left half of the screen displays information about received
173packets, and the right half displays information regarding transmitted
174packets.
175.Pp
176The
177.Ic icmp
178display understands two commands:
179.Ic mode
180and
181.Ic reset .
182The
183.Ic mode
184command is used to select one of four display modes, given as its argument:
185.Bl -tag -width absoluteXX -compact
186.It Ic rate :
187show the rate of change of each value in packets (the default)
188per second
189.It Ic delta :
190show the rate of change of each value in packets per refresh interval
191.It Ic since :
192show the total change of each value since the display was last reset
193.It Ic absolute :
194show the absolute value of each statistic
195.El
196.Pp
197The
198.Ic reset
199command resets the baseline for
200.Ic since
201mode.
202The
203.Ic mode
204command with no argument will display the current mode in the command
205line.
206.It Ic icmp6
207This display is like the
208.Ic icmp
209display,
210but displays statistics for IPv6 ICMP.
211.It Ic ip
212Otherwise identical to the
213.Ic icmp
214display, except that it displays
215.Tn IP
216and
217.Tn UDP
218statistics.
219.It Ic ip6
220Like the
221.Ic ip
222display,
223except that it displays
224.Tn IPv6
225statistics.
226It does not display
227.Tn UDP statistics.
228.It Ic tcp
229Like
230.Ic icmp ,
231but with
232.Tn TCP
233statistics.
234.It Ic iostat
235Display, in the lower window, statistics about processor use
236and disk throughput.
237Statistics on processor use appear as
238bar graphs of the amount of time executing in user mode (``user''),
239in user mode running low priority processes (``nice''), in
240system mode (``system''), in interrupt mode (``interrupt''),
241and idle (``idle'').
242Statistics
243on disk throughput show, for each drive, megabytes per second,
244average number of disk transactions per second, and
245average kilobytes of data per transaction.
246This information may be
247displayed as bar graphs or as rows of numbers which scroll downward.
248Bar
249graphs are shown by default.
250.Pp
251The following commands are specific to the
252.Ic iostat
253display; the minimum unambiguous prefix may be supplied.
254.Pp
255.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
256.It Cm numbers
257Show the disk
258.Tn I/O
259statistics in numeric form.
260Values are
261displayed in numeric columns which scroll downward.
262.It Cm bars
263Show the disk
264.Tn I/O
265statistics in bar graph form (default).
266.It Cm kbpt
267Toggle the display of kilobytes per transaction.
268(the default is to
269not display kilobytes per transaction).
270.El
271.It Ic swap
272Show information about swap space usage on all the
273swap areas compiled into the kernel.
274The first column is the device name of the partition.
275The next column is the total space available in the partition.
276The
277.Ar Used
278column indicates the total blocks used so far;
279the graph shows the percentage of space in use on each partition.
280If there are more than one swap partition in use,
281a total line is also shown.
282Areas known to the kernel, but not in use are shown as not available.
283.It Ic mbufs
284Display, in the lower window, the number of mbufs allocated
285for particular uses, i.e., data, socket structures, etc.
286.It Ic vmstat
287Take over the entire display and show a (rather crowded) compendium
288of statistics related to virtual memory usage, process scheduling,
289device interrupts, system name translation caching, disk
290.Tn I/O
291etc.
292.Pp
293The upper left quadrant of the screen shows the number
294of users logged in and the load average over the last one, five,
295and fifteen minute intervals.
296Below this line are statistics on memory utilization.
297The first row of the table reports memory usage only among
298active processes, that is processes that have run in the previous
299twenty seconds.
300The second row reports on memory usage of all processes.
301The first column reports on the number of kilobytes in physical pages
302claimed by processes.
303The second column reports the number of kilobytes in physical pages that
304are devoted to read only text pages.
305The third and fourth columns report the same two figures for
306virtual pages, that is the number of kilobytes in pages that would be
307needed if all processes had all of their pages.
308Finally the last column shows the number of kilobytes in physical pages
309on the free list.
310.Pp
311Below the memory display is a list of the
312average number of processes (over the last refresh interval)
313that are runnable (`r'), in page wait (`p'),
314in disk wait other than paging (`d'),
315sleeping (`s'), and swapped out but desiring to run (`w').
316The row also shows the average number of context switches
317(`Csw'), traps (`Trp'; includes page faults), system calls (`Sys'),
318interrupts (`Int'), network software interrupts (`Sof'), and page
319faults (`Flt').
320.Pp
321Below the process queue length listing is a numerical listing and
322a bar graph showing the amount of
323system (shown as `='), interrupt (shown as `+'), user (shown as `>'),
324nice (shown as `-'), and idle time (shown as ` ').
325.Pp
326Below the process display are statistics on name translations.
327It lists the number of names translated in the previous interval,
328the number and percentage of the translations that were
329handled by the system wide name translation cache, and
330the number and percentage of the translations that were
331handled by the per process name translation cache.
332.Pp
333To the right of the name translations display are lines showing
334the number of dirty buffers in the buffer cache (`dtbuf'),
335desired maximum size of vnode cache (`desvn'),
336number of vnodes actually allocated (`numvn'),
337and
338number of allocated vnodes that are free (`frevn').
339.Pp
340At the bottom left is the disk usage display.
341It reports the number of
342kilobytes per transaction, transactions per second, megabytes
343per second and the percentage of the time the disk was busy averaged
344over the refresh period of the display (by default, five seconds).
345The system keeps statistics on most every storage device.
346In general, up
347to seven devices are displayed.
348The devices displayed by default are the
349first devices in the kernel's device list.
350See
351.Xr devstat 3
352and
353.Xr devstat 9
354for details on the devstat system.
355.Pp
356Under the date in the upper right hand quadrant are statistics
357on paging and swapping activity.
358The first two columns report the average number of pages
359brought in and out per second over the last refresh interval
360due to page faults and the paging daemon.
361The third and fourth columns report the average number of pages
362brought in and out per second over the last refresh interval
363due to swap requests initiated by the scheduler.
364The first row of the display shows the average
365number of disk transfers per second over the last refresh interval;
366the second row of the display shows the average
367number of pages transferred per second over the last refresh interval.
368.Pp
369Below the paging statistics is a column of lines regarding the virtual
370memory system.
371The first few lines describe,
372in units (except as noted below)
373of pages per second averaged over the sampling interval,
374pages copied on write (`cow'),
375pages zero filled on demand (`zfod'),
376pages optimally zero filled on demand (`ozfod'),
377the ratio of the (average) ozfod / zfod as a percentage (`%ozfod'),
378pages freed by the page daemon (`daefr'),
379pages freed by exiting processes (`prcfr'),
380total pages freed (`totfr'),
381pages reactivated from the free list (`react'),
382the average number of
383times per second that the page daemon was awakened (`pdwak'),
384pages analyzed by the page daemon (`pdpgs'),
385and
386in-transit blocking page faults (`intrn').
387Note that the units are special for `%ozfod' and `pdwak'.
388The next few lines describe,
389as amounts of memory in kilobytes,
390pages wired down (`wire'),
391active pages (`act'),
392inactive pages (`inact'),
393pages on the cache queue (`cache'),
394and
395free pages (`free').
396Note that the values displayed are the current transient ones;
397they are not averages.
398.Pp
399At the bottom of this column is a line showing the
400amount of virtual memory, in kilobytes, mapped into the buffer cache (`buf').
401This statistic is not useful.
402It exists only as a placeholder for the corresponding useful statistic
403(the amount of real memory used to cache disks).
404The most important component of the latter (the amount of real memory
405used by the vm system to cache disks) is not available,
406but can be guessed from the `inact' amount under some system loads.
407.Pp
408Running down the right hand side of the display is a breakdown
409of the interrupts being handled by the system.
410At the top of the list is the total interrupts per second
411over the time interval.
412The rest of the column breaks down the total on a device
413by device basis.
414Only devices that have interrupted at least once since boot time are shown.
415.Pp
416The following commands are specific to the
417.Ic vmstat
418display; the minimum unambiguous prefix may be supplied.
419.Pp
420.Bl -tag -width Ar -compact
421.It Cm boot
422Display cumulative statistics since the system was booted.
423.It Cm run
424Display statistics as a running total from the point this
425command is given.
426.It Cm time
427Display statistics averaged over the refresh interval (the default).
428.It Cm zero
429Reset running statistics to zero.
430.El
431.It Ic netstat
432Display, in the lower window, network connections.
433By default,
434network servers awaiting requests are not displayed.
435Each address
436is displayed in the format ``host.port'', with each shown symbolically,
437when possible.
438It is possible to have addresses displayed numerically,
439limit the display to a set of ports, hosts, and/or protocols
440(the minimum unambiguous prefix may be supplied):
441.Pp
442.Bl -tag -width Ar -compact
443.It Cm all
444Toggle the displaying of server processes awaiting requests (this
445is the equivalent of the
446.Fl a
447flag to
448.Xr netstat 1 ) .
449.It Cm numbers
450Display network addresses numerically.
451.It Cm names
452Display network addresses symbolically.
453.It Cm proto Ar protocol
454Display only network connections using the indicated
455.Ar protocol .
456Supported protocols are ``tcp'', ``udp'', and ``all''.
457.It Cm ignore Op Ar items
458Do not display information about connections associated with
459the specified hosts or ports.
460Hosts and ports may be specified
461by name (``vangogh'', ``ftp''), or numerically.
462Host addresses
463use the Internet dot notation (``128.32.0.9'').
464Multiple items
465may be specified with a single command by separating them with
466spaces.
467.It Cm display Op Ar items
468Display information about the connections associated with the
469specified hosts or ports.
470As for
471.Ar ignore ,
472.Op Ar items
473may be names or numbers.
474.It Cm show Op Ar ports\&|hosts
475Show, on the command line, the currently selected protocols,
476hosts, and ports.
477Hosts and ports which are being ignored
478are prefixed with a `!'.
479If
480.Ar ports
481or
482.Ar hosts
483is supplied as an argument to
484.Cm show ,
485then only the requested information will be displayed.
486.It Cm reset
487Reset the port, host, and protocol matching mechanisms to the default
488(any protocol, port, or host).
489.El
490.It Ic ifstat
491Display the network traffic going through active interfaces on the
492system.
493Idle interfaces will not be displayed until they receive some
494traffic.
495.Pp
496For each interface being displayed, the current, peak and total
497statistics are displayed for incoming and outgoing traffic.
498By default,
499the
500.Ic ifstat
501display will automatically scale the units being used so that they are
502in a human-readable format.
503The scaling units used for the current and
504peak
505traffic columns can be altered by the
506.Ic scale
507command.
508.Bl -tag -width ".Cm scale Op Ar units"
509.It Cm scale Op Ar units
510Modify the scale used to display the current and peak traffic over all
511interfaces.
512The following units are recognised: kbit, kbyte, mbit,
513mbyte, gbit, gbyte and auto.
514.It Cm pps
515Show statistics in packets per second instead of bytes/bits per second.
516A subsequent call of
517.Ic pps
518switches this mode off.
519.It Cm match Op Ar patterns
520Display only interfaces that match pattern provided as an argument.
521Patterns should be in shell syntax separated by whitespaces or commas.
522If this command is called without arguments then all interfaces are displayed.
523For example:
524.Pp
525.Dl match em0, bge1
526.Pp
527This will display em0 and bge1 interfaces.
528.Pp
529.Dl match em*, bge*, lo0
530.Pp
531This will display all
532.Ic em
533interfaces, all
534.Ic bge
535interfaces and the loopback interface.
536.El
537.El
538.Pp
539Commands to switch between displays may be abbreviated to the
540minimum unambiguous prefix; for example, ``io'' for ``iostat''.
541Certain information may be discarded when the screen size is
542insufficient for display.
543For example, on a machine with 10
544drives the
545.Ic iostat
546bar graph displays only 3 drives on a 24 line terminal.
547When
548a bar graph would overflow the allotted screen space it is
549truncated and the actual value is printed ``over top'' of the bar.
550.Pp
551The following commands are common to each display which shows
552information about disk drives.
553These commands are used to
554select a set of drives to report on, should your system have
555more drives configured than can normally be displayed on the
556screen.
557.Pp
558.Bl -tag -width Ar -compact
559.It Cm ignore Op Ar drives
560Do not display information about the drives indicated.
561Multiple
562drives may be specified, separated by spaces.
563.It Cm display Op Ar drives
564Display information about the drives indicated.
565Multiple drives
566may be specified, separated by spaces.
567.It Cm only Op Ar drives
568Display only the specified drives.
569Multiple drives may be specified,
570separated by spaces.
571.It Cm drives
572Display a list of available devices.
573.It Cm match Xo
574.Ar type , Ns Ar if , Ns Ar pass
575.Op | Ar ...
576.Xc
577Display devices matching the given pattern.
578The basic matching
579expressions are the same as those used in
580.Xr iostat 8
581with one difference.
582Instead of specifying multiple
583.Fl t
584arguments which are then ORed together, the user instead specifies multiple
585matching expressions joined by the pipe
586.Pq Ql \&|
587character.
588The comma
589separated arguments within each matching expression are ANDed together, and
590then the pipe separated matching expressions are ORed together.
591Any
592device matching the combined expression will be displayed, if there is room
593to display it.
594For example:
595.Pp
596.Dl match da,scsi | cd,ide
597.Pp
598This will display all SCSI Direct Access devices and all IDE CDROM devices.
599.Pp
600.Dl match da | sa | cd,pass
601.Pp
602This will display all Direct Access devices, all Sequential Access devices,
603and all passthrough devices that provide access to CDROM drives.
604.El
605.Sh FILES
606.Bl -tag -width /boot/kernel/kernel -compact
607.It Pa /boot/kernel/kernel
608For the namelist.
609.It Pa /dev/kmem
610For information in main memory.
611.It Pa /etc/hosts
612For host names.
613.It Pa /etc/networks
614For network names.
615.It Pa /etc/services
616For port names.
617.El
618.Sh SEE ALSO
619.Xr netstat 1 ,
620.Xr kvm 3 ,
621.Xr icmp 4 ,
622.Xr icmp6 4 ,
623.Xr ip 4 ,
624.Xr ip6 4 ,
625.Xr tcp 4 ,
626.Xr udp 4 ,
627.Xr gstat 8 ,
628.Xr iostat 8 ,
629.Xr vmstat 8
630.Sh HISTORY
631The
632.Nm
633program appeared in
634.Bx 4.3 .
635The
636.Ic icmp ,
637.Ic ip ,
638and
639.Ic tcp
640displays appeared in
641.Fx 3.0 ;
642the notion of having different display modes for the
643.Tn ICMP ,
644.Tn IP ,
645.Tn TCP ,
646and
647.Tn UDP
648statistics was stolen from the
649.Fl C
650option to
651.Xr netstat 1
652in Silicon Graphics'
653.Tn IRIX
654system.
655.Sh BUGS
656Certain displays presume a minimum of 80 characters per line.
657The
658.Ic vmstat
659display looks out of place because it is (it was added in as
660a separate display rather than created as a new program).
| 32.Dt SYSTAT 1
33.Os
34.Sh NAME
35.Nm systat
36.Nd display system statistics
37.Sh SYNOPSIS
38.Nm
39.Op Fl display
40.Op Ar refresh-interval
41.Sh DESCRIPTION
42The
43.Nm
44utility displays various system statistics in a screen oriented fashion
45using the curses screen display library,
46.Xr ncurses 3 .
47.Pp
48While
49.Nm
50is running the screen is usually divided into two windows (an exception
51is the vmstat display which uses the entire screen).
52The
53upper window depicts the current system load average.
54The
55information displayed in the lower window may vary, depending on
56user commands.
57The last line on the screen is reserved for user
58input and error messages.
59.Pp
60By default
61.Nm
62displays the processes getting the largest percentage of the processor
63in the lower window.
64Other displays show swap space usage, disk
65.Tn I/O
66statistics (a la
67.Xr iostat 8 ) ,
68virtual memory statistics (a la
69.Xr vmstat 8 ) ,
70network ``mbuf'' utilization,
71.Tn TCP/IP
72statistics,
73and network connections (a la
74.Xr netstat 1 ) .
75.Pp
76Input is interpreted at two different levels.
77A ``global'' command interpreter processes all keyboard input.
78If this command interpreter fails to recognize a command, the
79input line is passed to a per-display command interpreter.
80This
81allows each display to have certain display-specific commands.
82.Pp
83Command line options:
84.Bl -tag -width "refresh_interval"
85.It Fl Ns Ar display
86The
87.Fl
88flag expects
89.Ar display
90to be one of:
91.Ic icmp ,
92.Ic icmp6 ,
93.Ic ifstat ,
94.Ic iostat ,
95.Ic ip ,
96.Ic ip6 ,
97.Ic mbufs ,
98.Ic netstat ,
99.Ic pigs ,
100.Ic swap ,
101.Ic tcp ,
102or
103.Ic vmstat .
104These displays can also be requested interactively (without the
105.Dq Fl )
106and are described in
107full detail below.
108.It Ar refresh-interval
109The
110.Ar refresh-value
111specifies the screen refresh time interval in seconds.
112Time interval can be fractional.
113.El
114.Pp
115Certain characters cause immediate action by
116.Nm .
117These are
118.Bl -tag -width Fl
119.It Ic \&^L
120Refresh the screen.
121.It Ic \&^G
122Print the name of the current ``display'' being shown in
123the lower window and the refresh interval.
124.It Ic \&:
125Move the cursor to the command line and interpret the input
126line typed as a command.
127While entering a command the
128current character erase, word erase, and line kill characters
129may be used.
130.El
131.Pp
132The following commands are interpreted by the ``global''
133command interpreter.
134.Bl -tag -width Fl
135.It Ic help
136Print the names of the available displays on the command line.
137.It Ic load
138Print the load average over the past 1, 5, and 15 minutes
139on the command line.
140.It Ic stop
141Stop refreshing the screen.
142.It Xo
143.Op Ic start
144.Op Ar number
145.Xc
146Start (continue) refreshing the screen.
147If a second, numeric,
148argument is provided it is interpreted as a refresh interval
149(in seconds).
150Supplying only a number will set the refresh interval to this
151value.
152.It Ic quit
153Exit
154.Nm .
155(This may be abbreviated to
156.Ic q . )
157.El
158.Pp
159The available displays are:
160.Bl -tag -width Ic
161.It Ic pigs
162Display, in the lower window, those processes resident in main
163memory and getting the
164largest portion of the processor (the default display).
165When less than 100% of the
166processor is scheduled to user processes, the remaining time
167is accounted to the ``idle'' process.
168.It Ic icmp
169Display, in the lower window, statistics about messages received and
170transmitted by the Internet Control Message Protocol
171.Pq Dq Tn ICMP .
172The left half of the screen displays information about received
173packets, and the right half displays information regarding transmitted
174packets.
175.Pp
176The
177.Ic icmp
178display understands two commands:
179.Ic mode
180and
181.Ic reset .
182The
183.Ic mode
184command is used to select one of four display modes, given as its argument:
185.Bl -tag -width absoluteXX -compact
186.It Ic rate :
187show the rate of change of each value in packets (the default)
188per second
189.It Ic delta :
190show the rate of change of each value in packets per refresh interval
191.It Ic since :
192show the total change of each value since the display was last reset
193.It Ic absolute :
194show the absolute value of each statistic
195.El
196.Pp
197The
198.Ic reset
199command resets the baseline for
200.Ic since
201mode.
202The
203.Ic mode
204command with no argument will display the current mode in the command
205line.
206.It Ic icmp6
207This display is like the
208.Ic icmp
209display,
210but displays statistics for IPv6 ICMP.
211.It Ic ip
212Otherwise identical to the
213.Ic icmp
214display, except that it displays
215.Tn IP
216and
217.Tn UDP
218statistics.
219.It Ic ip6
220Like the
221.Ic ip
222display,
223except that it displays
224.Tn IPv6
225statistics.
226It does not display
227.Tn UDP statistics.
228.It Ic tcp
229Like
230.Ic icmp ,
231but with
232.Tn TCP
233statistics.
234.It Ic iostat
235Display, in the lower window, statistics about processor use
236and disk throughput.
237Statistics on processor use appear as
238bar graphs of the amount of time executing in user mode (``user''),
239in user mode running low priority processes (``nice''), in
240system mode (``system''), in interrupt mode (``interrupt''),
241and idle (``idle'').
242Statistics
243on disk throughput show, for each drive, megabytes per second,
244average number of disk transactions per second, and
245average kilobytes of data per transaction.
246This information may be
247displayed as bar graphs or as rows of numbers which scroll downward.
248Bar
249graphs are shown by default.
250.Pp
251The following commands are specific to the
252.Ic iostat
253display; the minimum unambiguous prefix may be supplied.
254.Pp
255.Bl -tag -width Fl -compact
256.It Cm numbers
257Show the disk
258.Tn I/O
259statistics in numeric form.
260Values are
261displayed in numeric columns which scroll downward.
262.It Cm bars
263Show the disk
264.Tn I/O
265statistics in bar graph form (default).
266.It Cm kbpt
267Toggle the display of kilobytes per transaction.
268(the default is to
269not display kilobytes per transaction).
270.El
271.It Ic swap
272Show information about swap space usage on all the
273swap areas compiled into the kernel.
274The first column is the device name of the partition.
275The next column is the total space available in the partition.
276The
277.Ar Used
278column indicates the total blocks used so far;
279the graph shows the percentage of space in use on each partition.
280If there are more than one swap partition in use,
281a total line is also shown.
282Areas known to the kernel, but not in use are shown as not available.
283.It Ic mbufs
284Display, in the lower window, the number of mbufs allocated
285for particular uses, i.e., data, socket structures, etc.
286.It Ic vmstat
287Take over the entire display and show a (rather crowded) compendium
288of statistics related to virtual memory usage, process scheduling,
289device interrupts, system name translation caching, disk
290.Tn I/O
291etc.
292.Pp
293The upper left quadrant of the screen shows the number
294of users logged in and the load average over the last one, five,
295and fifteen minute intervals.
296Below this line are statistics on memory utilization.
297The first row of the table reports memory usage only among
298active processes, that is processes that have run in the previous
299twenty seconds.
300The second row reports on memory usage of all processes.
301The first column reports on the number of kilobytes in physical pages
302claimed by processes.
303The second column reports the number of kilobytes in physical pages that
304are devoted to read only text pages.
305The third and fourth columns report the same two figures for
306virtual pages, that is the number of kilobytes in pages that would be
307needed if all processes had all of their pages.
308Finally the last column shows the number of kilobytes in physical pages
309on the free list.
310.Pp
311Below the memory display is a list of the
312average number of processes (over the last refresh interval)
313that are runnable (`r'), in page wait (`p'),
314in disk wait other than paging (`d'),
315sleeping (`s'), and swapped out but desiring to run (`w').
316The row also shows the average number of context switches
317(`Csw'), traps (`Trp'; includes page faults), system calls (`Sys'),
318interrupts (`Int'), network software interrupts (`Sof'), and page
319faults (`Flt').
320.Pp
321Below the process queue length listing is a numerical listing and
322a bar graph showing the amount of
323system (shown as `='), interrupt (shown as `+'), user (shown as `>'),
324nice (shown as `-'), and idle time (shown as ` ').
325.Pp
326Below the process display are statistics on name translations.
327It lists the number of names translated in the previous interval,
328the number and percentage of the translations that were
329handled by the system wide name translation cache, and
330the number and percentage of the translations that were
331handled by the per process name translation cache.
332.Pp
333To the right of the name translations display are lines showing
334the number of dirty buffers in the buffer cache (`dtbuf'),
335desired maximum size of vnode cache (`desvn'),
336number of vnodes actually allocated (`numvn'),
337and
338number of allocated vnodes that are free (`frevn').
339.Pp
340At the bottom left is the disk usage display.
341It reports the number of
342kilobytes per transaction, transactions per second, megabytes
343per second and the percentage of the time the disk was busy averaged
344over the refresh period of the display (by default, five seconds).
345The system keeps statistics on most every storage device.
346In general, up
347to seven devices are displayed.
348The devices displayed by default are the
349first devices in the kernel's device list.
350See
351.Xr devstat 3
352and
353.Xr devstat 9
354for details on the devstat system.
355.Pp
356Under the date in the upper right hand quadrant are statistics
357on paging and swapping activity.
358The first two columns report the average number of pages
359brought in and out per second over the last refresh interval
360due to page faults and the paging daemon.
361The third and fourth columns report the average number of pages
362brought in and out per second over the last refresh interval
363due to swap requests initiated by the scheduler.
364The first row of the display shows the average
365number of disk transfers per second over the last refresh interval;
366the second row of the display shows the average
367number of pages transferred per second over the last refresh interval.
368.Pp
369Below the paging statistics is a column of lines regarding the virtual
370memory system.
371The first few lines describe,
372in units (except as noted below)
373of pages per second averaged over the sampling interval,
374pages copied on write (`cow'),
375pages zero filled on demand (`zfod'),
376pages optimally zero filled on demand (`ozfod'),
377the ratio of the (average) ozfod / zfod as a percentage (`%ozfod'),
378pages freed by the page daemon (`daefr'),
379pages freed by exiting processes (`prcfr'),
380total pages freed (`totfr'),
381pages reactivated from the free list (`react'),
382the average number of
383times per second that the page daemon was awakened (`pdwak'),
384pages analyzed by the page daemon (`pdpgs'),
385and
386in-transit blocking page faults (`intrn').
387Note that the units are special for `%ozfod' and `pdwak'.
388The next few lines describe,
389as amounts of memory in kilobytes,
390pages wired down (`wire'),
391active pages (`act'),
392inactive pages (`inact'),
393pages on the cache queue (`cache'),
394and
395free pages (`free').
396Note that the values displayed are the current transient ones;
397they are not averages.
398.Pp
399At the bottom of this column is a line showing the
400amount of virtual memory, in kilobytes, mapped into the buffer cache (`buf').
401This statistic is not useful.
402It exists only as a placeholder for the corresponding useful statistic
403(the amount of real memory used to cache disks).
404The most important component of the latter (the amount of real memory
405used by the vm system to cache disks) is not available,
406but can be guessed from the `inact' amount under some system loads.
407.Pp
408Running down the right hand side of the display is a breakdown
409of the interrupts being handled by the system.
410At the top of the list is the total interrupts per second
411over the time interval.
412The rest of the column breaks down the total on a device
413by device basis.
414Only devices that have interrupted at least once since boot time are shown.
415.Pp
416The following commands are specific to the
417.Ic vmstat
418display; the minimum unambiguous prefix may be supplied.
419.Pp
420.Bl -tag -width Ar -compact
421.It Cm boot
422Display cumulative statistics since the system was booted.
423.It Cm run
424Display statistics as a running total from the point this
425command is given.
426.It Cm time
427Display statistics averaged over the refresh interval (the default).
428.It Cm zero
429Reset running statistics to zero.
430.El
431.It Ic netstat
432Display, in the lower window, network connections.
433By default,
434network servers awaiting requests are not displayed.
435Each address
436is displayed in the format ``host.port'', with each shown symbolically,
437when possible.
438It is possible to have addresses displayed numerically,
439limit the display to a set of ports, hosts, and/or protocols
440(the minimum unambiguous prefix may be supplied):
441.Pp
442.Bl -tag -width Ar -compact
443.It Cm all
444Toggle the displaying of server processes awaiting requests (this
445is the equivalent of the
446.Fl a
447flag to
448.Xr netstat 1 ) .
449.It Cm numbers
450Display network addresses numerically.
451.It Cm names
452Display network addresses symbolically.
453.It Cm proto Ar protocol
454Display only network connections using the indicated
455.Ar protocol .
456Supported protocols are ``tcp'', ``udp'', and ``all''.
457.It Cm ignore Op Ar items
458Do not display information about connections associated with
459the specified hosts or ports.
460Hosts and ports may be specified
461by name (``vangogh'', ``ftp''), or numerically.
462Host addresses
463use the Internet dot notation (``128.32.0.9'').
464Multiple items
465may be specified with a single command by separating them with
466spaces.
467.It Cm display Op Ar items
468Display information about the connections associated with the
469specified hosts or ports.
470As for
471.Ar ignore ,
472.Op Ar items
473may be names or numbers.
474.It Cm show Op Ar ports\&|hosts
475Show, on the command line, the currently selected protocols,
476hosts, and ports.
477Hosts and ports which are being ignored
478are prefixed with a `!'.
479If
480.Ar ports
481or
482.Ar hosts
483is supplied as an argument to
484.Cm show ,
485then only the requested information will be displayed.
486.It Cm reset
487Reset the port, host, and protocol matching mechanisms to the default
488(any protocol, port, or host).
489.El
490.It Ic ifstat
491Display the network traffic going through active interfaces on the
492system.
493Idle interfaces will not be displayed until they receive some
494traffic.
495.Pp
496For each interface being displayed, the current, peak and total
497statistics are displayed for incoming and outgoing traffic.
498By default,
499the
500.Ic ifstat
501display will automatically scale the units being used so that they are
502in a human-readable format.
503The scaling units used for the current and
504peak
505traffic columns can be altered by the
506.Ic scale
507command.
508.Bl -tag -width ".Cm scale Op Ar units"
509.It Cm scale Op Ar units
510Modify the scale used to display the current and peak traffic over all
511interfaces.
512The following units are recognised: kbit, kbyte, mbit,
513mbyte, gbit, gbyte and auto.
514.It Cm pps
515Show statistics in packets per second instead of bytes/bits per second.
516A subsequent call of
517.Ic pps
518switches this mode off.
519.It Cm match Op Ar patterns
520Display only interfaces that match pattern provided as an argument.
521Patterns should be in shell syntax separated by whitespaces or commas.
522If this command is called without arguments then all interfaces are displayed.
523For example:
524.Pp
525.Dl match em0, bge1
526.Pp
527This will display em0 and bge1 interfaces.
528.Pp
529.Dl match em*, bge*, lo0
530.Pp
531This will display all
532.Ic em
533interfaces, all
534.Ic bge
535interfaces and the loopback interface.
536.El
537.El
538.Pp
539Commands to switch between displays may be abbreviated to the
540minimum unambiguous prefix; for example, ``io'' for ``iostat''.
541Certain information may be discarded when the screen size is
542insufficient for display.
543For example, on a machine with 10
544drives the
545.Ic iostat
546bar graph displays only 3 drives on a 24 line terminal.
547When
548a bar graph would overflow the allotted screen space it is
549truncated and the actual value is printed ``over top'' of the bar.
550.Pp
551The following commands are common to each display which shows
552information about disk drives.
553These commands are used to
554select a set of drives to report on, should your system have
555more drives configured than can normally be displayed on the
556screen.
557.Pp
558.Bl -tag -width Ar -compact
559.It Cm ignore Op Ar drives
560Do not display information about the drives indicated.
561Multiple
562drives may be specified, separated by spaces.
563.It Cm display Op Ar drives
564Display information about the drives indicated.
565Multiple drives
566may be specified, separated by spaces.
567.It Cm only Op Ar drives
568Display only the specified drives.
569Multiple drives may be specified,
570separated by spaces.
571.It Cm drives
572Display a list of available devices.
573.It Cm match Xo
574.Ar type , Ns Ar if , Ns Ar pass
575.Op | Ar ...
576.Xc
577Display devices matching the given pattern.
578The basic matching
579expressions are the same as those used in
580.Xr iostat 8
581with one difference.
582Instead of specifying multiple
583.Fl t
584arguments which are then ORed together, the user instead specifies multiple
585matching expressions joined by the pipe
586.Pq Ql \&|
587character.
588The comma
589separated arguments within each matching expression are ANDed together, and
590then the pipe separated matching expressions are ORed together.
591Any
592device matching the combined expression will be displayed, if there is room
593to display it.
594For example:
595.Pp
596.Dl match da,scsi | cd,ide
597.Pp
598This will display all SCSI Direct Access devices and all IDE CDROM devices.
599.Pp
600.Dl match da | sa | cd,pass
601.Pp
602This will display all Direct Access devices, all Sequential Access devices,
603and all passthrough devices that provide access to CDROM drives.
604.El
605.Sh FILES
606.Bl -tag -width /boot/kernel/kernel -compact
607.It Pa /boot/kernel/kernel
608For the namelist.
609.It Pa /dev/kmem
610For information in main memory.
611.It Pa /etc/hosts
612For host names.
613.It Pa /etc/networks
614For network names.
615.It Pa /etc/services
616For port names.
617.El
618.Sh SEE ALSO
619.Xr netstat 1 ,
620.Xr kvm 3 ,
621.Xr icmp 4 ,
622.Xr icmp6 4 ,
623.Xr ip 4 ,
624.Xr ip6 4 ,
625.Xr tcp 4 ,
626.Xr udp 4 ,
627.Xr gstat 8 ,
628.Xr iostat 8 ,
629.Xr vmstat 8
630.Sh HISTORY
631The
632.Nm
633program appeared in
634.Bx 4.3 .
635The
636.Ic icmp ,
637.Ic ip ,
638and
639.Ic tcp
640displays appeared in
641.Fx 3.0 ;
642the notion of having different display modes for the
643.Tn ICMP ,
644.Tn IP ,
645.Tn TCP ,
646and
647.Tn UDP
648statistics was stolen from the
649.Fl C
650option to
651.Xr netstat 1
652in Silicon Graphics'
653.Tn IRIX
654system.
655.Sh BUGS
656Certain displays presume a minimum of 80 characters per line.
657The
658.Ic vmstat
659display looks out of place because it is (it was added in as
660a separate display rather than created as a new program).
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